Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	body_n	life_n	true_a	4,445	5	4.7126	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00472	The duetie of a faithfull and wise magistrate, in preseruing and deliuering of the eommon [sic] wealth from infection, in the time of the plague or pestilence two bookes. Written in Latine by Iohn Ewich, ordinary phisition of the woorthie common wealth of Breame, and newlie turned into English by Iohn Stockwood schoolemaister of Tunbridge. ...; De officio fidelis et prudentis magistratus tempore pestilentiae rempublican a contagio praeservandi liberandique. English	Ewich, Johann von, 1525-1588.; Stockwood, John, d. 1610.	1583 (1583)	STC 10607; ESTC S101800	118,209	274

liuer and in great consent of mindes in agreeable gouernment of your subiects and finally in peaceable folowing of true religion to resemble a most beautifull harmonie of a trinitie wherein I iudged my selfe to owe this dutie not to one of 3. especially sith this care appertaineth indifferently vnto all magistrates but vnto three rather in one Wherefore it shall bee your part right honourable and most reuerend Lords Patrones to take in good woorth this testimonie of my readie good will and seruice and to take as commended vnto you this care of the cōmon saftie which I haue heere in some measure portraited and drawen out Which things if at any time they shall be ouerruled by the ordinance of God which cannot bee called backe it shall be sufficient to haue approued your indeuour and good will vnto men Christe Iesus the true turner away of all euill and the Phisition as wel of the body as of the soule begottē of vnbegotten God in man true life in death that I may end with the woordes of Egysippus preserue you with your subiectes vnhurt of this deadly infection and alwaies in good health Dated at Breame in the yeere 1581. Your H H. most bounden Iohn Ewich D. of Phisicke ¶ Of the duetie of a faithful and wise Magistrate in preseruing and deliuering the common wealth from infection in the time of the plague or Pestilence The first Booke That the care and charge of the common wealth belongeth vnto the Magistrate Cap. 1. ESAIAS the diuine Prophet Homer the chiefe of Poets the one enlightened with the heauenlie lawe and the other with the law of nature haue adorned and set out Princes and Magistrates with an excellent title whilest the one in his tongue calleth them Omenim that is to say Nurses to wit of the Churche and the other tearmeth them Poimênos Laôn that is Pastors or Shepheardes of the people to witte for this cause that they ought with wholsome lawes and good discipline to gouerne and defend their subiects and also after a sort prouide for them such thinges as are necessarie for their food liuing For albeit they doe not as Parentes to their children put in euery one his hand what to eate and drinke albeit they nourishe not vs being idle yet when as by wise pollicie they bring this to passe that nothing be wanting what euery mā laboureth either by traffick or trauel or goodes to get and that what by honest meanes is gotten the same he may in safetie possesse and with gladnesse enioy they haue not without a cause giuen vnto them this honourable title and commendation And as it is not sufficient for a diligent nurse faithful Pastor to haue prouided for his nurse childe flock such things as are requisite needful vnto the necessary vses of life but also they be careful to turne away y e things which might endammage their health to prouide wholesome remedy for them being in danger So also the wise and faithful Magistrate ought not onely to haue care and diligence for those things whiche concerne the trade of lawfull traffick and diligent practise of handy crafts the preseruing of peace and keeping of quiet among the Citizens but also he ought to prohibite or let those thinges which may eyther take away the same or greatly weaken or infect the whole societie and fellowshippe with daylie contagion or infection assayle and destroye with miserable ruine the life of euery particular member iudging the looking vnto the common safetie to be the chiefest part of his rule and office For if they be Goddes and as the Psalmist himselfe both king and ruler tearmeth them the sonnes of the most highest certes it is their partes to knowe that they in this poynt are with all diligence to imitate and followe GOD of whom we daylie craue both thinges needefull and also pray to bee kept from thinges not needefull or hurtfull that they furnishe the Citie not onelie with profitable necessarie and wholesome thinges but preserue deliuer it from thinges also vnprofitable and hurtfull Which thinges when as the heathen sawe albeit ignoraunt of the true God that this was a thinge highlye needefull and in a manner heauenlie they called their Kinges and Rulers of the people Goddes not proportionablie as the Iewes and Christians but in verie deede began to honour mortall men with honour diuine or belonging vnto God For when as there neuer yet was anye nation so barbarous whiche had not some feeling of y e godhead nay when as the Apostle in playne words affirmeth y t for this same cause y e very Gentiles are without excuse because y e they had written in their mindes which might bee knowen concerning God who would think them so foulie to be deceaued in that they iudged those to be to be honored for Goddes which Plinie said to be a diuine thing whō they saw to imploy al their indeuour to help others For albeit they did not rightly giue vnto many that thing whiche was due vnto one yet by the power of nature they profited thus farre that they almost atteyned vnto the knowledge of the nature and office of God although they did not rightlie worship him Moreouer y e Apostle in an other place compareth the Churche vnto the bodie of a man for as the members of a man haue euery one their power and office yet are all gouerned by the onely vertue of the braine desire and imbrace things profitable shunne thinges hurtfull so also the magistrates who in this externall or outward societie or fellowship are the head of the common people ought to set before the other Citizens profitable thinges and keepe away thinges hurtfull that they may bee saide truelie to fulfill the office of Pastors and Nurses But if any man wil say that it is the proper office of God to preserue and gouerne mankinde the which in his singuler counsel he hath made I answere that this indeed is true but yet as God by the ministery or seruice of man doeth teache vs deliuer vs from sinne make vs partaker of his grace and saue vs albeeit in very deede these same are not the workes of men euen so he doth gouerne and preserue the life of man by the seruice of those men whō he chooseth vnto this office and suffereth to be partakers of this prayse Hereuppon Romulus whiche buylded the Citie of Rome and is thought to bee that Quirinus was by a certayne right reckoned in the number of the Goddes because that hee shewed himselfe a louing and bounteous gouernour vnto the people Hercules borne of Iupiter and Alcmena gotte not onelie this name for thus the Oracle answered Immortal fame by helping mē thou certainly shalt win which was aduāced with immortal honour but also was registred in the bedroll of the goddes because that with vnweariable toyle and most singuler labour he killed such mōsters as endammaged men and

priuat singular persons our Preseruers shall haue care hereof that in tyme causing to be carryed the woode of Iuniper Oke Vines Beach Cypres Pine tree Pitch tree or also of Willowes they command great fiers to be daily made euery where in the Cities but especially where there is daunger presentlye or else shortelye lyke to be And they in a manner after lyke sorte although dislike fayth that in tymes paste the old heathen at certayne set times ordayned perfumes Waxtorches great fiers solemnly to cleanse and purg the Townes and Fyelds neere adioyning both from corruption of the ayre as I verely suppose and also from Deuilles who notwithstanding for that they are vsed vnto the fire it is likly that they are not feared nor hurt with the same Let them I pray you for GOD sake followe that moste excellent Hippocrates which with his wisdom as witnesseth Thucidides delyuered Grecia sometymes from the pestilence of Aethiopia and therfore was rewarded with a golden crowne Also Thales the Philosopher of Milesia who onely by making great fiers deliuered his country Acron from this plague Let them follow I saye rather the example of these who for their wisdome haue gotten euerlasting praise throughout the wholeworld then the barbarous and foolishe custome of those barbarous people Of the driuing away or keping at home of Dogs Cats and other tamed housholde beastes which are wonte to run vp and down Cap. 9. HAuinge in the Chapter afore goinge sette downe a waye to cleanse and purge whiche I sayde to consiste in remoouing vncleane beastes in carying awaye the dounge and filth of the streetes in filling vp or amending of ditches and pooles and finallye in cleansinge of the ayre by fiers in this place wee must see what maye according to profite and reason bee iudged and sayde of Dogges Cattes Goates and other tame beastes runninge vppe and downe Heere therefore straight waye after the beeginninge I woulde haue a lawe made by the Preseruers for eyther the driuinge awaye or killing or diligent shuttinge vp and keeping at home of such things Which truelye certaine common Wealthes doe wiselye obserue so that at certaine times of the yeere especiallye aboute the heate of the Starre called Syrius when as the Sonne entreth into the signe called y e Lyon whiche tyme they commonly call the Dogge dayes they commaund the Dogs to bee kylled the cause whereof I iudge to bee this When as the Dogge as Galen witnesseth albeit Gordonius otherwise no yll Authour thinketh him to be melancholyke is a lyuing creature very hotte and by nature cholericke and hath the holes of his hearte verye straight and narrowe at that tyme when as the heate of the ayre is moste burninge and parchinge the humours of his heart being inflamed and bloud aboue measure rysinge vppe hee easilye runneth madde wherof afterwardes ensueth great and presente daunger both to men and also vnto other beastes Nowe if the lyke maye bee sayde here not onely of Dogges but also of Cattes and other such lyke as well tame as tamed beastes Namelye that they may as well as menne take this infectious poyson of the Plague as it were a certaine madnesse and vnlesse they bee kepte at home carye it vnto others they them selues manye tymes remayning without hurt ought not the same course also to take place in this state of common infection Nay so muche the rather ought it heere to bee of force and to bee followed by how muche more the daunger ought to bee feared not onely of being touched and bytten of them as when they be madde but also of the common ayre by them infected and of powringe and bringing the infection vnto others whilest they continually runne vp and downe hither and thyther Moreouer that which is woorse then madnesse is heere to bee added for Dogs infected with the Plague as when they are sicke of other diseases or harmes they for the moste parte come home to theyr owne houses and fawne vppon and gette them neere vnto them of the house as hopinge for helpe at theyr handes or takinge as it were sanctuarye among them so that after the example of Iuda the traitour they sometyme wrappe their Maister in this daunger and beetraye him whereas madde Dogges contrariwise for the moste parte flying as well the knowne as vnknowne gette them selues into wooddye places and doe shewe them selues so open enemies that a man maye beeware of them and shunne them and doe seldome assaulte and flye vpon anye other then such as meete them or sette themselues againste them Againe such Dogges as are taken with the infection of the plague oftentimes through the vehemency of the disease hyde them selues into some secrete corner and there dye priuilye and beeinge dead beefore the matter bee knowne lye sometimes a longe season rotting and defile the ayre with infectious vapours or breaths and so not onelye alyue but also deade doe verie much hurt whiche in madde Dogges falleth not out in any such sort Lastlye if you compare together both the kindes of diseases albeit both of them doe rage with deadlye daunger yet madnesse is lesse hurtefull beecause that for the moste parte it giueth longer tyme of truce and dooth not so speedilye ouerthrow all the powers of the infected body and therefore bringeth not so swift destructiō as y e plague For the plague is so subtyll of fine pearsinge vehemente and finallye so hurtefull and enemilike an infection vnto the vitall spyrite that it canne passe through what passages of the bodye soeuer and in a fewe houres take the castle of lyfe and brynge death Which thing sith it is so if wee thinke madde Dogges to be by all meanes to bee auoyded it is much more agreeable vnto reason that Dogges infected with the plague should be auoyed But one thing peraduenture wil seeme incredyble vnto you that we haue sayde that Dogges Cattes c. doe remain somtimes vnhurte them selues of the plague and neuerthelesse to bringe it vnto others and to infecte them The reason whereof to yeelde is no harde thing For this happeneth by the disposition of the subiect or body that taketh it in whiche disposition according vnto Aristotle Galen Auicen and other singular Philosophers the bringing to passe of the thing doth chiefly consist For when as the subiecte is apte then the efficient cause albeeit neuer so weake can quickly bring forth the effect like as a smal spark of fire doth quickly fire straw or brimstone As againe when as the efficient cause is strong then also is it able to subdue the matter albeit not apt and to worke vpon it at his pleasure For albeit Brimstome doeth sooner take fire then wood and drie wood or cleft into sheuers sooner then greene or whole wood yet a burning fire or fornace setteth on flame confirmeth as well great as small as well greene as drie wood For y e vehement power of y e efficient cause as I haue

rayment and housing and trusting too much vnto his faith say if God will hee can preserue me without al these things Then the which follie this is yet greater that he which after this sorte casteth the care of his bodie and not seeke that remedie against the plague which he may may hurt and infect others also through this his negligence who peraduenture if hee had suffered himselfe to haue beene looked vnto had remained vnhurt and aliue Whereof it commeth to passe that hee getteth vnto himselfe the blame of an other man his death committeth murder vnto God Suche men doe in deede no otherwise then as if a man in a common fyring woulde not come and helpe the Citie but let the fire alone that the whole Citie might bee burned namely vppon this trust Doubtlesse if God will hee can without water quenche the fire But friende thou oughtest in no case so to deale nay it is shamefull and vnlawfull whiche thou perswadest thy selfe but rather vse remedies and medicines and doe whatsoeuer any way may helpe perfume thine house Orchard and streete flie the infected places and men infected whereas thy seruice is not required and so behaue thy selfe as one willing to quenche and not maintaine the publike flame c. For the woordes whiche followe albeit they bee spoken very finely yet at this time I purposedly passe them ouer Away therefore with this more then barbarous opinion and Cyclopical or Giant-like stubbornesse whereby many call and defame Phisicke as superfluous or an Arte only to picke mens purses as they doe all other liberall sciences yea and philosophie it selfe as a certaine sophistrie whiche thing Plato also himselfe doth for fault not of the thinges but of those persons that professe it But if any man shall say if the vse of your Phisicke bee so necessarie and diuine as you affirme wherefore then doth Syrach himselfe whome you haue cited in the place by you alleadged bydde the sicke goe vnto God and to desire health by prayer Why doth Saint Ignatius a most godly bishop and martyr call onely Christe the bodily spirituall Phisition and in death also I say not in sicknesse the true life But I will also my selfe giue the aduersaries a weapon which with mee is of no small force when as I departed out of Italie Sebastianus Laudus a singuler man the Reader of Phisicke at Padway and my master whom for honour sake I name for a perpetuall remembrance of his faithfulnesse towards me wrote with his owne hand in my booke Remember that only God doth cure diseases If then only God what neede is there of others Doth God want seruants for to help him If Christ be the only Phisition whiche taketh away our griefes as the Prophet is witnes and as he himselfe hath testified by so many exeamples in the new Testament whom shal we need besides For surely that is done in vaine by more which may be done by the fewer And of this iudgement ther are also many found among the Christians not vnlike vnto the old heretikes called Euchitae But I answere that albeit God needeth not the helpe of any but rather is the only Phisition aswel of the bodie as soule and y t we do confesse al health to depend on him to be to be craued at his hand yet nothing letteth but that the Lord and master may cōmit many things vnto his seruants do by their hands what he wil like as euery work man vseth tooles vnto whom notwithstanding the praise of the worke done properly is neither due nor ascribed And I saide before y e God will be asked of vs and without meanes manie tymes will giue nothing vnto vs y t which meanes he hath made for this end that we should vse them vnto our profit like as Christe himselfe and holy men of God when as they could obteine them for otherwise the grace and power of God is not tyed vnto them vsed them and were wont to vse them Wherefore when as these say that God only cureth diseases it is to be referred vnto the chiefe cause which is God not vnto the instrumental cause as are men And Syrach when as in the beginning hee had commended the instrumentes themselues and meanes as it were diuine and healthfull meanes least happily any man trusting vnto these shoulde cleaue vnto them as the principall and chiefe causes and shoulde forget God in the end of the Chapter as it were in the vse of these things hee doeth admonishe vs that wee haue GOD before our eyes in our whole worke that wee plye him with praier and request prosperous successe at his hande As if hee shoulde say Phisicke in deede is a diuine and excellent thing but without the power and grace of God which power is obteined by onely prayer it bringeth foorth no happie successe Whiche was no doubt the meaning also of Herophilus albeit a prophane and Heathen Phisition when as hee saith That Phisick is both nothing and againe that it is the hande of God nothing I say as I vnderstande it of it selfe and the hande of God ioyned with the grace and power of God and vsed in season and rightly Then the which in mine opinion nothing can bee spoken more truely and Christianly And the selfe same may wee say if it bee lawfull to compare great thinges with small of those meanes whiche are set foorth vnto vs vnto the health of the soule by Christe as these are for the halth of the body Although some which thinke they can cunninglye blinde the eyes of wise men or steale fire from Iupiter out of heauē are wont greatly and wickedly to extenuate or lessen the dignitie of these also when as with much a doe they can alleadge nothing but the abuse and faultes of the receiuers and doe only bewray the stinck of the Astrodutiorian and Messalian heretikes But least any man might thinke that I serue mine owne turne whilest hee heareth mee so diligently pleading for Phisick I will not pursue any further the commendation of a thing sufficiently praysed of it selfe but will ioyne yet one article more vnto this present Chapter very necessarie in my iudgement in this cause For a man may aske a question because that so earnestly diligently I perswade all companying w t the infected with y e Plague to be to be auoided how I thinke those poore women to be to be dealt w tal who in these infected houses either in health or sicknes fal in trauaile which thing to haue happened vnto many the which for the most part haue dyed I my selfe can be a liue witnesse Ought they to bee forsaken of the neighbours What like vncurtesie in the memorie of man hath there beene harde of Here is need of a dubble answere First if any women mooued not with rashnesse but Christian charitie and loue the which assuredly wee owe one to an other will come let this be

all men to vnderstand that first of all the turne earnestly vnto God desire of him pardon for their faulte Secondly that they vse them selues moderately in eating and drinking put their trust in God who is the onely and true Phisition for our griefe Wee haue also of our louing minde to doe good vnto our subiectes called together our Phisitions and commaunded them to take aduice and by common consent to consulte and prescribe remedies as well for the poore as the rich wherwith next after the calling vpō of God euery one may preserue defende himselfe against this deadly and infectious disease or if he be taken with it howe hee should order himselfe and bee healed as by order is plainely in this our writing set downe according vnto the direction whereof let euery one after his power gouerne himselfe but that aboue all thinges that hee knowe howe hee ought to trust in God who is our onely aide in troubles and stedfastly to cleaue vnto him c. These are the woordes of the most vertuous and gentle Prince the rest which appertaineth vnto the order and kindes of the medicines I will not heere expresse Last of all of a like testimonie of Godlinesse and loue towardes his Citizens our Magistrate also in the yeere 65. when as our Citie was visited with the Plague gaue commandement vnto all the Ministers of his Church that they shoulde often call the people to repentance to the dueties of charitie one towardes another to bee short that they shold diligently and dayly exhore them to the looking vnto the health of them and theirs according to the rule prescribed published by me at his commandement For they did acknowledge that which the Apostle saide to be most certaine true God is faithful will not the death of a sinner but that he should turne and liue The whiche thing hee plainely proued when as he gaue his only begotten sonne vnto death and that vnto the death of the crosse for our sakes Also S. Iohn teacheth vs that wee should not sinne and that if we sinne we haue an aduocat with the father who maketh intercession for the whole worlde In these most praise woorthie examples shine foorth and are shewed not only a true care of the magistrat towards his subiects but also especiall godlines towards God and fruits of the truth of the Gospel Through the following steps of the whiche euery one for his part also ought to be stirred vp strēgthned to pray vnto god vndoutedly beleeue y t it appertaineth also vnto him which Christ said vnto y e sick of y e palsie Son be of good cheare thy sinnes are forgiuen thee Also to the Leper I will that thou be healed be thou cleane Of ordeining preseruers of health Cap. 3. BEeing nowe fortified with these preparatiues and as it were spirituall weapons namely with a good conscience towardes God sure trust of y e forgiuenes of our sinnes whiche are the first and chiefe causes of all miseries shewed vs and grace promised the faithfull and wise Magistrate ought to followe the vsuall and commendable custome of common wealthes in the tyme of warre And what is that When there commethe newes that some mightie Tyraunt whome wee suspecte for to beare vs yll will is in armes hath gathered a power and lyeth lingering about our borders and that it is not well knowen vpon whom first hee will make assaulte they vse to appoint theyr Generalles and Captaines which are bounde vnto them and with these when as the whole Senate or Counsaile are without power and victuals they take aduice howe they may peraduenture goe against their enemie that betimes they may driue him from their Coastes The like wee doe when as counsaile is to bee taken at the same time for publike munition for walles for banckes for gunnes and all kinde of armour that search notice may bee taken by calling together the Ediles Carpenters and artificers what they haue alreadie what is wanting what time and charge is needefull for the furnishing of suche thinges as lacke that laying their strength together and diducting or taking out the charges from the whole summe wee may knowe howe long we are able to wage battaile So surely with no lesse carefulnesse in the rifenesse of suche infectious diseases breeding ought the Magistrate for to doe that calling together the phisitions prouision with all diligence bee had howe after the calling vppon OOD and the commending of vs and our affaires faithfully vnto him so farre as by the trauaile and power of man may bee wee may meete with the disease as it is in comming and looke not for this Too late the medicine is prepared when tract of time the griefe hath rypde nor when the Steede is stolne that then we shut the stable dore Whiche is not only a point of great foolishnesse and madnesse but also against the dutie of a faithfull and wise Magistrate whiche wee haue taken in hande to set foorth Vnto which matter albeit there bee required more wisdome and experience of thinges then I acknowledge to bee in my selfe yet because this argument hath beene throughly handeled of none before this time so farre as I knowe and published in writing if I bring to passe nothing els yet I shall procure thus muche at least wise that I shall stirre vp either such as are better learned to supplie with more skill that which in mee is wanting or that they vnto whome this charge shall bee committed for to execute may performe that in deed which shall be lacking in my wordes For mee it shall bee sufficient to haue made proofe if not of any singuler labour yet at the least of a notable good will to benefite men For this cause is not such as contenteth it selfe with fine speeche but which being wisely well aduised vpon ought speedily to bee put in practise and that whiche Plato hath saide of all vertue that it is begunne of vnderstanding whereby is inquired what is to bee done ended in fortitude whereby it is finished in act the same doubtlesse in this matter is especially needefull Where then at length or from whence shall wee take our beginning namely from the very same persons by whose appointmēt in a maner all thinges which hereafter are to bee ordeined must bee doone and ordered and these also as in name so likewise in deede shall bee preseruers of health not manie in number for nature hath ordeined a fewe to beare rule and many to obey but only three chosen out of the whole companie partly of the Senate or as it were the Benche and partly of the other Citizens as they shall bee thought most meete for that purpose sounde in maners fearing God endued with experience of thinges and reasonable knowledge in learning if it may bee beloued of the Citizens carefull for the publike health faithfull graue yeelding nothing to their priuate gaine glory loue hatred enuy or