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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A30096 An essay of transmigration, in defence of Pythagoras, or, A discourse of natural philosophy Bulstrode, Whitelocke, 1650-1724. 1692 (1692) Wing B5450; ESTC R16493 53,371 249

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the Parts of Nature reduceable to two Heads or Principles an Active Vital or Formal one and a Passive or Material This I conceive Moses intended when he tells us that in the Beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth which things are expressed in the very same words by the Chaldeans Assyrians and Greeks as I have hinted before Thales who was one of the first amongst the Grecians as Laertius Strabo Cicero and Plutarch affirm that made enquiry into Natural Causes conceived Water to be the Material Principle of all living Creatures because all Seed is humid and Plants and Animals are nourish'd by it This he had from a more ancient Nation the Phoenicians by whom Orpheus was likewise instructed To this Material Principle Anaxagoras is said to be the first that added 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Mind by which I conceive he meant the Formal Hence Virgil calls the Universal Form the Mind Totamque insusa per artus Mens agitat molem magno si corpore miscet 'A Mind infus'd through this World 's every part Does move the whole Machine with wondrous Art But Homer and Hesiod both gave an account of these two Principles long before Various afterwards were the Opinions of the Philosophers about Principles Pherecydes the Assyrian asserted Earth to be the Principle of all things Anaximenes Air Hippasus Fire Xenophanes Earth and Water Parmenides Fire and Earth Enopides Fire and Air Democritus and Epicurus Atoms Empedocles Plato and Aristotle c. to these Principles added four Elements being the visible Matter as they conceived of which all Bodies did subsist And this the School-men following them have hitherto maintained and it is now the Doctrine of the World The Chymists hold Three Principles at this day these Principles and Elements I now intend to examine And first for the Three Principles I know it is no less a crime than Heresie in the Communion of Chymists to deny any of their three beloved Principles their Salt Sulphur and Mercury but being not of their Church I need not fear their Censure I do admit Salt in some sence to be one of their Principles but I do deny Sulphur and Mercury to be several for their best Authors affirm Mercury to be only crude Sulphur and Sulphur ripe Mercury they differ therefore not in specie but in degree of Digestion The Ancients saith Eirenaeus the Great thought them all one and though Paracelsus has invented a Liquor by means whereof he taught the way of separating the Sulphur in the form of a tincted Metallick Oil yet I conceive this is nothing but an extraction of the riper and more digested part of the Mercury This will appear more evident by considering the Matter of Metals which I will deliver in the sence of Eirenaeus the Great having translated him but not having the Original in Latin by me That Mercury saith he which is generated in the veins of the Earth and all Metals arise from the same Matter is the universal material Mother of all things cloathed with a Metallick Species which may be easily proved because Mercury is accommodated to them all and by Art may be conjoyned which would be impossible unless they did partake of the same Nature Mercury saith he is Water yet such as will mix with nothing that is not of its own Identity whereas therefore it drinks up all Metals by its moisture it follows they have all a Correspondency of Matter with it Again Mercury by the help of Art assisting Nature may be successively digested with all the Metals And this same Mercury retaining the same Colour and Form of flowing will assume the true Nature of them and by succession exert their true Properties which would be impossible to be done by Art did not Nature shew us the possibility by their Correspondency of Matter Besides all Metals and Minerals too that are of Metallick Principles may be reduced into a current Mercury Hence I conceive 't is evident that current Mercury is the nighest though not the first Matter of Metals which Mercury hath a Salt included in it and becomes a more or less ripe Metal according to the purity or impurity of its Matrix What need then can there be of Sulphur as a distinct Principle But they that contend that these three Salt Sulphur and Mercury are the constituent Principles of a Metallick Body ought to shew that Nature produces these three simple Substances and then unites them in the composition of a Metal But who ever yet saw a Specifick Metalline Salt void of Mercury and Sulphur Or simple Mercury without Salt or a Metalline Sulphur by it self The Truth is in a strict sence there are no other Principles but the moist vapor impregnated with vital heat for these two alone constitute all Bodies As for the Salts I mentioned in the generation of Plants and Metals I conceive them to be only a congelation of a former Vapor differenced in Metals by a long circulation in the Alembick of the Earth and in Plants by a speedy resolution near the Superficies Now this Homogeneity of Salts in two such different Bodies will not appear strange to them who consider the vast Alteration Heat makes on Bodies by time in different Vessels thus common gross Water in an open Vessel by a gentle heat is soon evaporated and rarefied into Air whilst Dew a much purer Substance by the same heat circulated in a close Vessel by length of time is condensed into Earth But are not the Principles of Bodies known by their Resolution and may not Metals be reduced into three distinct Principles If the various Figures into which the Fire is able to divide Bodies must be called Principles Monsieur L'Emery assigns no less than five but he honestly confesseth that this is effected by the alteration the Fire makes on Bodies not by a natural Analysis into their first Principles But does not the Great Stagyrite hold three Principles Matter Form and Privation By Privation he doth not mean a Principle in a strict sence i. e. an Essence constituting a Body or part of such but with respect to the previous Matter of each Body before it is specificated which he calls the Terminus à quo as when determined the Terminus ad quem But if it must be a Principle let it be of Death not of Life For how can that be a Principle of Life that is a separation of Soul and Body If instead of Privation he had called it Putrefaction that might well enough have passed for a Principle or something like it since Putrefaction is the Gate to Life I think therefore the Two Principles of the Ancients Matter and Form stand firm notwithstanding Aristotle or the Chymists But if there are four Elements that constitute Bodies according to the general Doctrine they I must confess will overthrow the Two Principles of Matter Form unless these Principles being first the Elements afterwards are made out of them