displeased then he sayd to them Why doate you so can y e byrde whiche knoweth not of her owne death tel vs the casual aduentures of oure iourney For if she had had any fore knowledge she wold not haue comon hether to haue bene kylled of me Castyng of lottes Numerius Suffusius deuised fyrst at Prenest The expouÌ„dyng of dreames Plinie ascribeth to Amphiction but Trogus assigneth it to Ioseph sonne to Iacob Clement sayeth the Telmessians fouÌ„d it But al these were inueÌ„ted to seduce men with supersticious errour and for the commoditee of them that vse it ⧠Here endeth the abrydgement of the fyrst booke ¶ The fyrst Chapiter ☞ The original of lawes and who made the fyrst lawes LAVVE IS a constant and perpetuall good thyng without whiche no house no cytie no countre no state of meÌ„ no naturall creature not the worlde it selfe can coÌ„sist ferme and stable For it obeyeth God and al other thinges ayre water laÌ„d man be in obedience to it Chrisippus calleth it a knowledge of all diuine and humayne matters coÌ„maundyng equitee and expulsyng wickednes and wrong ¶ There be of lawes three kyndes one natural that is not onely appropried to man but also it concerneth al other lyuely thynges either in the yearth sea or ayre As we perceiue in all kyndes of liuyng creatures naturally a certayne familiaritee of male and female procreacion of issue and approcliuitee to norishe the same the whiche ê“cedeth of a natural law engraffed in the heartes of euerye of them nature her selfe that is God was auctour of this ¶ The second is named the law that al men vse generally through all the worlde as to shewe a man the way to communicate to men the commoditee of the elementes water and fyre to this kynde apperteineth the lawe of armes and it is called in Latyne Ius gentium Ciuile lawe is the pryuate lawe of euery countree or cytie as of the Romaynes Lacedemoniens and Atheniens This coÌ„sisteth in decrees of princes statutes and proclamacions The chiefe principal lawes were promulgate by God confyrmed after the moost depured and perfect maner that natural equite could deuise or coÌ„ceyue and be in stable constance and subiecte to no transmutacion After the example of these man hath inueÌ„ted lawes to defende preserue good men and to punishe kepe euyll persons in offyce and good order Suche lawes Ceres made fyrst as Diodorus supposeth but other thiÌ„ke it was Rhadamanthus afterward other in diuers couÌ„tries deuised and ordeyned lawes as in Athens Draco and Solon in Egypte Mercurie in Crete Minos in Lacedemony Licurgus in Tyre TharaÌ„des in Argos Phoroneus in Rome Romulus in Italy Pythagoras or after y e mynde of Dionisius the Archadians that were vnder Euander as their souereigne lorde and chiefe capitayne Not withstandyng the very true authoure of lawes was God whiche fyrst planted in vs the law of nature and in ê“cesse of tyme when that was corrupte by Adam and his posteritee he gaue by Moses the lawe writen to reduce vs agayne to oure fyrst state and true instincte of nature whiche was afore all other as Eusebius declareth ¶ The .ii. Chapiter ¶ Who ordeyned the fyrst gouernaunce of a coÌ„minaltie tyranny with other constitucions THE administracion of a common weale is after thre sortes as Plato deuideth it Monarchie where one ruleth Aristocratie when the best menne gouerne Democratie or popular state where the coÌ„mon people haue a stroke in rulyng the publyke weale Principalitee or a kyngdome was fyrst begonne by the Egyptians whiche could lyue no while without a kyng or rular there reigned fyrst as Herodotus sayeth Menes and theyr maner was to chose him among the Priestes of their religion if it fortuned that any straunger obteyned the realme by conquest he was compelled to be coÌ„secrated priest and so was the election legittimate when he was kyng priest The Diademe that was the token of the honoure royal had it beginnyng by Liber Bacchus The Atheniens fyrst ordeyned the state of a publike weaâ—e that was gouerned by the whole commons as Plinie thynketh albeit they had also kynges whereof Cecrops Diphyes which reigned in Moses time was the fyrst For as Iustine wryteth euery cytie and nacion had at the beginnyng a kyng for theyr chiefe gouernour whiche attayned to y e dignitee by no ambicion or fauoure but by a syngular wyt and sober modestnes and reigned with suche loyaltee that he seamed onely in tytle a kyng in deede a subiecte Ninus kyng of y e Assyrians contrary to the olde ryte and custome of an ambicious desyre that he had to beare rule fyrst arrogantly vsurped thempyre of al Asia except Inde As coÌ„cernyng the institucion of the common wealth where the coÌ„mon do all thynges notwithstaÌ„dyng the mynde of Plinie I suppose it beganne among the Hebrues whiche were ruled by a popular state many yeares afore that Athens was builded The fourme of polycie whiche is gouerned by the best as y e Romaynes common wealth was I can not well tel where it had it original oneles I should assigne it to the Thebanes whiche in the tyme of Ninus ruled the Egiptians whose rule because the valiant and noble bare the auctoritee was called a power or potencie whiche was the thre thousand C.lxxxv yere of the worlde Plinie writeth that after Theseus Phalaâ—is was the fyrst tyrante whereby it appereth that he thinketh Theseus was auctour of tyranny but NeÌ„roth of the Image of Noe not long after the flud vsed tyranny ¶ Bondage as Plinie taketh it begaÌ„ne in Lacedemonye and was theyr inuencion neuerthelesse I finde that it begaÌ„ne among the Hebrues had the original procedyng of Chanaan y e soÌ„ne of Cham whiche because he had laughed his father Noe to scorne as he lay dissolutely wheÌ„ he was droÌ„ke was punished in his sonne Chanaan with penaltee of bondage and thraldome a thyng to them very straunge and to his posteritee greuous ¶ The ordre of manumission in olde tyme was in this maner the lorde or maister toke the bondmaÌ„ by the head or some other part of his body saiyng I wyl this felowe be free put him furth of his haÌ„des The couÌ„cel of the Areapagites whiche were called so of the court or strete of Mars were instituted by Solon to iudge of life and death their custome was to vse suche seueritee and entegritee in iudgemeÌ„t that they hearde all causes and matters in the night not in the day to the entent they should haue no occasion to regarde the parties but onely haue their eye and respecte earnestly to the thyng that was brought afore theÌ„ Voyces whiche be vsed and occupied in consultacions iudgemeÌ„tes and elections were fyrst ordeined by Palamedes ⧠The .iii. Chapiter ¶ The .iii. maner of regimentes in Rome the beginnyng of ornamentes royal with other matters perteinyng to a
diuerse laÌ„guages that accordyng to the varietee of countries ther be sondry speches And therfore I thought it coÌ„uenient to shew the occasion of y e same What tyme Nemroth the soÌ„ne of Cham that was sonne to Noe after the vniuersall flud went about to withdrawe men whiche dreade the daunger of drounyng from the feare of God supposyng all their hope to consist in their owne might power persuaded them to buylde a towre of suche altitude that the water should not be hable to ouer flowe it Whilest they were thus earnestly occupied aboute their enterprise God deuided their speches in suche sorte that one of them could not perceyue another by reason of the discord and disagreyng of their languages And thus began the diuersytee of tonges that we vse haue nowe The same oâ—casion was that the posterities of Noe were dispersed and scattered a broade For when one could not vnderstand anothers language it came to passe that euery maÌ„ departed into sundry prouinces and countries and there named places wherof they had the gouernauÌ„ce also cities whiche they builded after their owne names as Eusebius testifyeth The soÌ„nes of Noe were Sem Cham and Iaphet The yssue of Sem was Elam whereof the Elamites came Assur of whom the Assirians were named Arphaxad was auctoure of the Arabians and Lud of the Lidians the children of Cham were Chus that named the Ethiopians and Mesre the beginner of the Egyptians Chanaan of whom the Cananites had their name the linage of Chus was Saba wherof the Sabees came Euila auctoure of the Euelites And semblably we must beleue that of them came al other nations and people of the worlde whiche be now in so great nombre that they cannot easely be nombred counted ⧠The .iiii. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of mariage and sundry rightes of the same GOD after that he had fully accomplished and perfectly polished the world and the rest of his creatures were in their kind coÌ„summate then as Moses teacheth made man last of all to be lorde and souereigne of the whole bodye of the world as one to whom the other his worke should be subiect in obedience bycause he was fashioned after his owne lykenes And lest so worthye a creature should by death peryshe or the world might wante his gouernor and ruler it lyked him to make woman out of the bodye of man and so with the bond of matrimony combined them together y t they should not lyue after the maner of brut beastes Therefore hath God ioyned Adam Eue in mariage in Paradyse afore they knewe sinne that by the coÌ„gression and company of these two sexes and kyndes their yssue might be enlarged replinishe the whole world In this sorte was matrimonye instituted albeit antiquitee feyneth Cecrops kyng of the AtheniaÌ„s to haue ordained matrimony for which cause he was reported to haue had two faces But all countries dyd not entre like bond of matrimony nether kept it after one fashion For the Numidians Egiptians Indians Hebrewes Persians Parthians Thracians and almost al the Barbarians euery one accordyng to his substauÌ„ce maried wyfes some .x. some mo The Scithians the Scottes and Atheniens vsed their children and wyfes in common and occupied with them abrode openly lyke beastes The Massagites maried euery one a wyfe but they vsed theÌ„ coÌ„monly Among Arabians it is the maner that al kynsmeÌ„ should haue but one wife and he that came to meddle with her shoulde set his staffe at y e doore for their custome was to beare a staffe albeit she lay euery night by the eldest by this meanes they were all brethren An aduouterer was there condemned too death whiche was perceiued by this if he were of another familie or kynred Where chaunced on a tyme a strauÌ„ge thing worthy to be had in memorye there was a certayne kynges doughter of excellent beutie whiche had .xv. brethren that loued her all interely well and vsed therefore one after another to resorte and companye with her she beganne by suche dayly daliaunce to be werye of theyr wanton companye and deuised this feaâ—e she prepared staues lyke her brothers staues and bi and bi as one was gone she set a staffe at the doore lyke to hys and by that deceyte the other when they came too the doore supposyng one to be within preased no further and it fortuned on a day when they were all together in the court one of them departed from the other and repaired to her house and when hee espied a staffe at the gate thinkyng it too be some aduouterer for he was assured that he lefte hys brethren in the court he ranne to his father and accused hys syster of aduouterye but when the matter was knoweÌ„ it was perceiued that he had falsely sclaundered her The Assirians and y e Babilonians bought theyr wyues in open market at a common pryce whiche custome among the Saracens and Arabiens yet styl remayneth The Nasamones when they be fyrst maried vse to suffer their wifes the fyrst night to lye with all her gestes in the worshyp of Venus from thencefurth they kepe them selues chast and pure of liuyng A certayn people of the Carthagens whiche border on Egypt were wont to offre suche maydes as should bee maryed to the kyng of that regioÌ„ to defloure whom it pleased him In Scotland also the vsage was that the Lorde of the soile should lye with the bryde afore her husbande but for somuche as it was vnsittyng to be frequented among Christians their kyng Malcolme the third of that name aboute the yere of our Lorde M.xcix. dyd abolishe that beastly abhominacion ordeyned that euerye mayde should geue the Lorde for the redempcion of her maydenheade a croune of golde Some people liued single as certain nacions called Cristae Esseni amoÌ„g the Hebrues whiche did abhorre the calamities and trouble in Mariage Wedlocke was obserued syncerelye and reuerently of the Romaynes tyl deuorcement began which although it be an occasion that women should more earnestly keape theyr chastitee yet our religion doth scarcely permit it One Spurius Seruilius the yere after the cytie was fouÌ„ded CCCCC xxii Marcus Pomponius and Caius Papirius beyng Consulles fyrste sued a deuorce froÌ„ his wyfe because she was barren for whiche facte albeit he toke openly another afore the censoures that he dyd it because too haue yssue yet he was among the comon sorte euyl spoken of This decre of deuorcyng was takeÌ„ out of the lawes of Moses which made y e fyrst constitucion of that matter yet was there thys dyfference for by Moses it was onely lawful for the husband to forsake his wyfe but the Romaynes decree gaue theim bothe lyke lybertye The rytes of Mariage were diuers in Rome the maner was that two chyldren should leade the bryde and another bare afore her a torche of
one day thre M. men and women And by the myracle of healyng the lame mā at the beautyful gate of the temple he stayed and confirmed them strongly in the fayth albeit he suffered persecucion greatly for the same And Stephyn for his faythful testimony was stoned to death Philip conuerted and baptised the Samaritanes and a certaine eunuche of Candaces quene of Ethiopia the eunuch turned the quene with her famylye and a great parte of that countree to the fayth of Christ After in Antioche the faythfull named them selues Christians Thomas preached to the Parthians Mathew in Ethiopia Bartholomew in Ynde Andrew in Scytia Iohn in Asia Peter in Galatia Pontus Capadocia Peter was borne in Bethsaida a cytie of Galile brother to Andrew He was by shyppe of Anthioche .vii. yeares and conuerted many people of Asia and after went to Rome in the tyme of Claudius there shewed the Gospel with great encrease at the same tyme Mari the virgine and mother of oure sauioure Iesus Christ dyd chaunge her lyfe and was Assumpted into the nombre of blessed spirites whiche was the yere of our saluacion .xlvii. Not long after Paule beyng conuerted from his phantasticall tradicions to a preacher of Christes Gospel was brought to Rome where he preached boldly the Gospel notwithstandyng the great persecutions that he suffered for it and afterwarde suffered death by the way of headyng at the cōmaūdement of Nero the same day that Peter was crucified on a crosse Thus dayly the cōgregacion of christians encreased more and more as the Actes of the Apostles and other histories doth declare at ful Albeit there was great trouble and persecucion in euerye place yet God by his power contrary to theyr expectacion turned theyr cruelnes to the furtheraunce of his worde confirmacion of the faythfull and confusion of them that vsed tyranny The .ii. Chapiter ¶ The institucion of circumcision and baptisme GOD whiche hadde made promyse to Abraham y t he should be father of many nations and that al the world should be blessed in his seede that Christ willyng to stay his farth in y e same promise appointed the couenāt of circumcision betwene him Abraham saiyng euery male shalbe circūcised and the fleshe of his fore skinne shalbe cut round about for a signe of the leage confederacy that I make with the. Vpon this cōmaundement Abraham then beyng .xcix. yeares of age dyd cut his fore skyn his sōne Ismales beyng then .xii. yeares olde whom he begatte by Agar his bondmayde and al his men seruauntes For this cause as s Cyprian saieth that he might haue the fyrste fruites of the blod whiche should afterward shede his holy blod for the redemption of manye yea of all that beleue in him The fashion of it was to cut the fore skynne of a mānes yarde with a knyfe of stone as God commaunded Iosue that he should make knyues of stone to circumcise all the Israelites the second tyme and Moses dyd circumcise his children with a sharpe stone Chrisostome calleth circumcision the fyrst and most auncient commaundement for there is no nacion that gaue any preceptes or rules to lyue by afore Abraham or Moses therfore it is to be supposed that other countries toke example at the Hebrues to circumcise their chyldrē as the Pheniciens and Arabiens the Sarrocenes the Ethiopians the Egyptiens and the Colchians This circumcision of y e fleshe was a fygure to vs of the circumcision of the heart and cuttyng away of al superfluouse luste carnal desyres and importeth a moderacion and mortifiyng of the affectes concupicences of the olde Adam I meane the sinnefull body he that had not this signe was banished out of the nōber of the people of God had no par◠in the promyses made to Abraham Baptisme wherein is lefte to vs a significacion bothe of the mortificacion of y e fleshe and diyng to the world that we may walke in a newe lyfe and also of the washyng away of our sinnes by Christes blod and is the token that we be of the body of the cōgregacion of the faythful was instituted by s Iohn sonne of zacharye the .xv. yere of the Emperoure Tyberius reigne in the wyldernes besyde the famoose riuer of Iordane wher he baptised muche people This baptisme and washyng was in the water to signifye the washyng away of our sinnes that shuld be by Christ whiche baptised in the holy ghost fyre There was signes of baptisme in the olde lawe as the cloud the red sea y e riuer of Iordain The fyrste that was christened of the heathen was Cornelius of Cesaria and the eunuchus of quene Cādaces Christenyng of enfantes was institute among vs as cyrcumcision of chyldren was of the Iewes celebrated the eight day Iginius bishop of Rome ordeyned fyrste that chyldren whiche should be Christened should haue a godfather and a godmother for to be wytnesse of the sacrament y t it was receiued And Victor bishop there dyd institute that one might be christened either by a lay man or woman in tyme of necessitie bycause enfantes were often in daunger There be thre maner of baptismes as Cyprian diuideth it One in water wherof Iohn was auctour another in the holy gost fyre wherof Christ was institutour the third is in blod wherein the children y t Herod slewe were Christened It was also the maner in old tyme that they whiche were growen in age should be baptised in white apparel and that was wont to be at Easter or Whitsonday only necessitie cōstrayned otherwise In the meane tyme tyll those daies came they were taught the misteries of the religion of Christ whiche they should professe Of that custome I suppose the sondaye after Easter is called the white sonday The .iii. Chapiter ¶ Of the priesthod of the Hebrues and degrees of the same LYKE as in y e christen cōmon welth there be two sortes of men one called the laytie to whō apperteyneth the ministracion of the publike wele and all temporl affayres the other is the Clergie to whō belongeth the cure charge of ministryng y e word of God sacramentes other decent ceremonies so in the olde lawe of y e Hebrues there were two iurisdictions one of thē was capitaynes gouernours of the cōmons the other was the priesthod that did offre vp the sacrifices other oblacions Of this degree of priestes Aaron and his sonnes were the fyrst ordeyned and cōsecrated by Moses at the cōmaūdement of God The maner and fashion of halowing of thē and their vestures is declared at large in the booke of Exodus As for Noe whiche made the fyrst alter Melchisedech Abraham Isaac and Iacob dyd make their offeryng rather of a naturall deuocion then any priestly auctorytee After that the Leuites whom we vse to cal deacons were
calendes of Ianuary a preseÌ„t to Augustus Caesar although he were absent Whiche custome remayneth in England for the subiectes send to their superiours and the noble personages geue to the kynges some great gyftes and he to gratifye their kyndenesse doeth liberally rewarde them with some thyng again But I commende more the maner of the Italians for there the richest and most noble geue to the poore inferiours it is a significacion of good prosperous fortune of al the whole yere then folowyng THE vse of dauÌ„syng Liuie saieth came from the Hetruscanes to Rome whiche we exercise muche on holye daies as they did not without slaunder of our religion and hurte and damage of chastitee as for maskes they be so deuilishe that none honesty can be pretended to coloure them Zacharias bishoppe of Rome made a decree against it but that auaileth nothyng At the calendes of Maie the youthe aswell menne as women are wonte to go a maiyng into the feldes and bryng home boughes floures to garnishe their houses and gates and in some places the churches whiche fashion is deriued of the Romaynes that vse the same to honor their godesse Flora with suche ceremonies whom thei named godesse of fruites THE christenmas lordes that be coÌ„monly made at the natiuitee of our lorde to whom all the housholde and familie with the master him self must be obedient began of the equabilitie that the seruauntes had with their masters in Saturnus feastes that wer called Saturnalia wherin the seruauÌ„tes haue like autorite with their masters duryng the tyme of the sayde feastes And this furnishyng of our bellies with delicates that we vse on fastingham tuiesday what tyme some eate tyl they be enforsed to forbeare all again sprong of Bacchus feastes that were celebrated in Rome with great ioy and deliciouse fare AND oure Midsomer bonefyres may seme to haue comne of the sacrifices of Ceres goddese of corne that menne did solemnise with fyres trusting therby to haue more plenty and aboundance of corne And the disguisyng and mummyng that is vsed in christenmas tyme in the Northe partes came out of the feastes of Pallas that were done with visars and painted visages named Quinquatria of the Romaynes The .iii. Chapiter ¶ The maner of annoyntyng priestes kynges them that be christened confirmed or sore sicke WHAT TYME Moses had buylded the tabernable he was coÌ„maunded to make a confection of holy oyntmeÌ„t wherwith bothe y e worke the vessels priestes and also kynges whiche be called to that office or dignitie ought to be enoyled So that it came to passe that the annoyntyng was the very token difference wherby kynges were knowen among the Hebrues as y e Emperours in Rome were knowen by their purple robes Aaron and his sonnes were the fyrst annoynted priestes and Samuel enoyled Saul fyrst kyng ouer Israel and so consequentely it grewe into a custome that priestes kynges were annoynted By whiche thyng is signified that they be specially fauored of God and like as oyle lyeth a lofte on the water or other liquore so the offyce of a Priest and dignitie of a Prince surmouÌ„teth all other degrees of ministers both y â— in actiue and also contemplatiue lyfe Siluester bishoppe of Rome ordayned fyrst that al that were christened churches and chalices should be annoynted with oyle Our oyle that is nowe vsed is made of oyle Oliue and natural Balme Fabianus commaunded that it should be renewed euery Maundy thurseday Clemente the fyrste ordayned that all children and other that were christened should be annoynted agayne with Crisme and he instituted also the sacrament of Confirmacion supposyng that no manne were a perfect christen manne yf that rite and ceremonye were by negligence omitted For this cause that the holy Ghost might more plentyfully be geuen to them by the handes of the bishop This thyng beganne of the example of the Apostles whiche sent Peter Iohn into Samarie to lay their handes on them that they might receyue the holy Ghost It is onely ministered by a byshoppe in this wyse fyrst he asketh the name of the child then maketh the signe of the crosse in his forehed with the Câ—isme saiyng I signe the with the token of y e crosse and confirme the with the crisme of saluacion In the name of the father the sonne and the holye ghost y t thou maye be replenished with the holye spirite and haue euerlastyng life sobeit And then he smiteth the cheke of the child softely but if it be of a great age he geueh a sharpe stroke that he may remembre that misterie saiyng peace be with the. Felix the fourth did institute that suche aswere in extremes should be enoyled folowyng the example of the Apostles whiche as Marke witnesseth cured manye diseases by annoyntyng them and saint Iames speaketh of a like thing in his Epistle The .iiii. Chapiter ¶ The beginnyng of mariage of priestes when it was forboden with other lawes touchyng mariage MOSES the minister of God amonst the Israelites whiche were desirouse to augmente and amplifie their issue ordayned that all menne indifferently as well priestes as laie people should take wifes least the debarryng theim from Matrimonie might bee occasion of greater enormitie and inconueniencie emong theÌ„ Albeeit bycause of the dignitie of the order of priesthode he made restraint that thei should mari none that was taken prisoner bonde woman or deuorsed from their former housebandes and the bishoppes might not bee maried but too maydes As concernyng our priesthod Siluester the first after the texte of sainct Paule commaunded that a prieste should mary but one wife and after to liue sole alone As Paule had a wife as maie appeare in his Epistles too the Philippians and Corinthians And Clement bishoppe of Alexandria and Ignatius whiche was in Paules time witnesse thesame PETER and Philip had wifues and doughters whom thei bestowed honestly in mariage to housebandes And sainct Peter seyng his wife led to death for the profession of Christe with greate reioyce of her constancie saied wife remembre the lorde This ordre the Grekes and all the Easte partes of Christendome vse whiche would not consent to the counsail of Nice wherein it was propounded that the priestes should forsake their wifes And namely Panutius the holy and chaste bishoppe that came out of the borders of Egipte withstoode that decre very earnesty Siricius the first forbade the priestes of the West parties and deacoÌ„s to mary the yere of our Lorde thre hundred thirty and seuen He instituted also that he that either wedded a widdowe or tooke a second wife could not be made priest Pelagius the second enforsed the subdeacons to forsake their wifes And Gregorius bicause he thought it violent to deuorce theim ordained that from his tyme none should bee subdeacon on lesse he vowed chastitee before Notwithstandyng the lawes afore made toke no
clothes The white coloure was thought fittest for the dedde bicause it is clere pure and syncer and leaste defiled and when the tyme of their wepyng was expired thei put on their other vestures Of this ceremonie as I take it the Frenche quenes toke occasion after the death of their housebandes the kynges too weare onely white clothyng and if there bee any suche widdowe she is commonly called the white quene The Iewes ended their mournyng after .xxx. daies and Englishe men kepe the same rite The mournyng garmentes for the moste parte bee altogether of blacke colour and thei vse to weare theim a whole yere continually onlesse it bee bicause of a generall triumphe or reioysyng or newe magistrate chosyng orels when thei bee toward mariage But the custome of mournyng is no other thyng then mere supersticion specially if womeÌ„ or men haue a â—ouryng loke and a laughyng herte For all suche lameÌ„tacioÌ„ helpeth nothyng the dedde corps or solle of the deceased and disquieteth sore the liuyng THE maner of washyng ded bodies and specially of noble men and anoyntyng theÌ„ was receiued of our auncetrie whiche vsed to washe the bodies of the dedde and it was the office of theim that wer nerest of his kyndred to dooe it Solle Masse daie that is the second daie of Nouember was begon by Odilo that was Prouoste or Prouinciall of the Monkes of Cluniacenses order vpon the occasion that he heard about Aetna the mouÌ„tain of Sicilie oftentymes great wepyng lamentacion criyng whiche he supposed to bee the yellyng of eiuill spirites that bewailed bicause the solles of dedde menne wer taken from theim by the peticions and sacrifices of wel disposed christen people therfore he perswaded his coueÌ„te in the tyme of Ihon bishop of Rome to make a generall obite of all solles the daie next after the feast of al sainctes Aboute the yere of our lorde M and twoo our fathers receiued it as a godly institucioÌ„ full of pitiful charitee thus by processe of this Monkes supposicion sprong muche vain supersticion ⧠The .viii. Chapiter ¶ Of the seuenth daie thirty daie old maner of buriall hallowyng chalices priestes garmentes with other thynges HORATIVS the Poete and Seruius write that the Romaynes vsed customably y e nynth daie after the buriall to renewe the sacryfices and solemne rites of the funerall whiche thei named in latyne Nouemdialis of this we in our religioÌ„ haue gathered the fashion of kepyng the seueÌ„th daie with exequies and other ordinary oblacions And in England the custome is to kepe the thirty daie or moneth mynde with like Obites as were dooen on the buriall daies Or els it mighte seme that this kepyng of the seueÌ„th daie was brought vp after thesame sort emong vs as in mariages thei vsed in old tyme to renewe their vowes the seuenth daie For like as that daie was the soleÌ„ne beginnyng of encreasyng the issue of mankynde so thesame daie of burial is or should be the complet finishyng and ende of euery thyng The Massiliens in Fraunce passed and spente the daies of their burialles with priuate oblacions and feastyng of their kinsefolke without any maner lameÌ„tacion or sorowe whiche thyng the Englishe at this daie vse commonly to dooe In burials the old rite was that the â—ded corps was borne afore and the people folowed after as one should saie we shall dye and folowe after hym as their laste woordes to the coarse did pretende For thei vsed too saie when it was buried on this wise fare well wee come after thee and of the folowyng of y e multitude thei were called exequies Albeeit thei vsed at kynges and noble mennes funeralles to goo afore with tapers â–ª whiche custome we kepe still CHALICES wherin the bloud of Christe is consecrated were at the first of woode and that was the institucioÌ„ of the Apostles whiche would preuent all occasioÌ„ of auarise in priestes but Zepherinus afterward commaunded that thei should consecrate in a vessel of glasse NotwithstaÌ„dyng in processe that custome was broken And Gratianus decreed y t thei should saie Masse and consecrate with chalices of siluer or golde orels if those mighte not bee gotten in chalices of tynne albeit some referre this to Vrbane the firste Sextus the firste commaunded that the corporaces should bee of linen clothe onely and that of the finest and purest and he forbade that any laye manne should handle the hallowed vessels and namely womeÌ„ wer inhibited The hallowyng of priestes vestures and altare clothes with other ornameÌ„tes of the churche and the diuersitee of vestures of sundry orders was taken out of the Hebrues priesthod vsed in our churche fyrst by Steuen bishop of Rome fyrst of that name For at the beginnyng priestes in their massyng vsed rather inwarde vertues of solle then outward apparel of the body whiche is rather a gloriouse gase then any godly edifiyng Sabinianus decreed fyrst that the people should be assembled together to heare seruice at certayne houres of the day by ringyng of belles And Iohn the .xxii. ordeined that belles should be tolled euerye daye thrise in y e euenyng that then euery maÌ„ should say thrise the Aue maria The vse of belles came fyrst of the Hebrues wher y e high priest or bishop had in the skyrtes of his vppermoost vestures litle belles to ryng when he was in the holy place within y e vaile And euen the vayle hangynges candelsteckes with other vessels that we vse in the churche came also of theyr ceremonies The baners that be hanged abroad in the easter tyme may be vsed to declare the triumph of Christ ouer death the deuil and hel were taken of the heathen whiche in their victories did beare baners to declare signifye y e coÌ„quest of their enemies The .ix. Chapiter ¶ Of vowes goyng barefoote Letanies praiyng for them that neese crossyng the mouth when men yawne WHen we be brought into any extreme calamytie or dauÌ„gerouse adueÌ„ture y t can by no mans power or prouision bee releued the vrgent necessytie coÌ„strainyng vs we fal to praiers and vowes makyng as when we promise to set vp caÌ„dels Images of waxe or siluer w t other lyke supposyng therby to obteine remedy of our grief This custome was borowed of the Hebrues whiche vsed to make suche vowes to God diuerse other couÌ„tries of the GeÌ„tiles vsed y e ryte to their false gods In like maner goyng barefoote was taken vp of the Iewes fashion whiche in their sickenes other misfortunes were woÌ„t to pray coÌ„tinually .xxx. dayes forbeare wyne shaue their heare and after go barefoote to the temple make oblacion This maner of vowe was so ernestly vsed in the tyme of y e emperour Nero when Florus was president of Iurye y e Bernice sister to kyng Agrippa went her selfe barefote to the teÌ„pte of Hierusalem to obteine some
Camillus lv Cancer xxxii Candelles lix Candelmas day C. Canis lii Canonisyng of saiÌ„ctes c.xxv. Cappes xcvii Cardinalles xcii CarpeÌ„ters arte lxxviii Cartagens were fyrst marchauntes lxxx Castyng lottes xxxv Castyng mony abrode C.ii. Cecrops viii xii Centaurie was found by Chiron xxxii Ceres xxxvii Ceres Image lxiii Ceremonies why they were so named C.xiii. Chaldees xxi xxvi Chalices of wood C.xxviii Chalices of siluer and golde Idem Chamberleines xciii Chariotes l. Charmes xxxiii Chaunces lii Chaunters lxxxviii Chery trees lxvii Chese makyng lxvi Chesse li. Chippe are lxxviii Chiromancie xxxiiii Chiron auctour of salues xxxi Chitteryng of byrdes xxxv Chius lii Chrisippus ii Chrisme c.iii. Christ authour of our priesthod lxxxviii Christal lxi Christmas lordes c.ii. Christenyng of infantes lxxxvi Churches and churche yardes xcii c Cicero xxi Circenses lii Circumsion lxxxv Ciuil croune lvi Ciuil law â–ª xxxvii Cleanthes ii Cleophantus inuented colours lxiiii Clergie lxxxvii Clockes xliiii Cocke boate lxxx Coynyng lix Collage of secretaries c.xlix Comedies xviii CoÌ„meÌ„dacions to dead bodies lxxiiii CoÌ„mon welth xxxviii CoÌ„mon women lxxxi Communion c.xiii Compasse lxxviii Confession c.xv. Confirmacion c.iiii. Coniurers lxxxviii Constantine forbadde putting to death of the crosse c.vii. Constantyne borne in England fyrst christen emperour c lvi Consuls of Rome xl Corax gaue rules of Rhethorike xxi Corne sowyng lxv Corona triumphalis lvi Corporaces c.xxviii Corpus Christi daye c.xxiiii Couering of scaffoldes lxxvii Counsailes c.lii. Countyng by nayles xxix Cranes or vernes xlix Cratus taught grammer in Rome xv Cries liii Crosse bowes xlix Crosse daies c.xxiiii Crosse forboden to be made c.vii. Crounes of brasen plate lvi Crounes of diuers sortes lvii Cuppes were crouned lvii D DAies of euerye moneth xliii Dayes turned into feries c.xxi Daies named of y e planetes Ibidem Dayly communion c.xiiii Daphis fouÌ„d the shepherdes earolles xvii Dardanus Crezenius xxiiii Dartes xlviii Dauid song in metre xxiii Daunsyng li. c.ii Decking of churches c Declamator xxi Decrees xl Dead bodies lxxiiii and .c.xxv. Dedalus slewe his neuewe lxxix DedicacioÌ„ daies c.xxv. Dedicatyng of Churches c.viii Degrees of kynred inhibited to mary C.vi Deifiyng of the Emperour lxxiiii Deleyng of wines lxvi Demaratus taught the HetruriaÌ„s letters xiiii Demaratus lxiiii Democratia begaÌ„ne in Rome xli Democracie xxxviii Democritus vi Demosthenes xxi DenouÌ„cyng the Dictator xl Deseases xxxi Deâ—any xxxii DeuisioÌ„ of nacioÌ„s vii Deuorcement x. Diagoras ii Dialles xliiii Dialoges xxvi Debutades lxiiii Dyce li. Dictatoures fyrste in Rome xl Dictatours office Ibi. Diyng of wolle lxix Diyng of heare lxxxii Diocesses xcii Dioclesian a great persecutour C.lv. Diodorus xii Dionisius lxv Dirceus captaine of y e Lacedemonians xxiiii Diriges or Exequies C.xxvi Disguisyng C.iii. Diuerse deuisions of the yere xlii Diuerse deuisions of the day xlv Diuerse kyndes of meter xvii Diuerse maners of paper xlvii Diuersitee of speches vii Diuisions of the night xlv Dreames xxxvi Drinkyng on maundy thursday C.i. Druides xxv Drumslades in warre xxiiii Dulcymers xxiiii Dungyng land lxv E EAster C.xix Easter appointed to be kept on the Sonday C.xxi. Easter instituted by the Apostles C.xxii. Easter is to be kepte in Marche C.xxii. Earyng of fleshe lxvii Eclipse of the Sunne and moone xxvii Egges lxviii EgiptiaÌ„s ii xxvi.lxxii Egyptians are superstitious lxxxiii Egyptians letters xii Egiptians fouÌ„d Geometry â—xviii Egyptians founde the yere xlii Election of the bishop of Rome xciiii Electoures of the Emperour Ibidem Eliazer driueth out spirites xxxiiii Elymnete lx Embryng daies C.xix Embroderyng lxvii Ennius called the Poetes holy xvi Empedocles vi xxi Endimion perceiued y e course of the Moone xxvii Enos xii lxxiii Epicarmus xiii Epicurus ii Epicurus taught graÌ„mer fyrst xv Epulones C. Ethiopians xii Ethiopians opinioÌ„ of man vi Euander broughte letters into Ital. xiiii Euen and odde lii Eumolphus xiii Eâ—comunicacion xâ—vi Exequies or Diriges C.xxvi Exercises l. Extreme vnction c.iiii. F FAmous Phisicians xxxi Fanes xxâ—viii Fastyng C.xviii Faunus i. Feastes instituted by y e Apostles C.xxiii Feastes instituted at y e counsail of Lyons C.x iiii Februarie xliii Facâ—ales Sacerdotes xcix Fedyng of birdes xxxv Fery boates lâ—xx Fetters xli F. was taken of y e Ayâ—lians xiiii F. for .v. coÌ„sonant xiiii Fidlers pipers xxiiii Fightyng on horsebacke l. Figures of Arithemetike xxix Fyre iiii lviii.c.viii Fyre and water gyuen in token of chastitee x. Fyrst masse of priestes c.i. Fyrst churche of y e christians c.vi Fyrst churche in Rome c.vii. Fishyng lxviii Fleshe was not eaten before Noe. c xviii Fliyng of birdes xxxv Fyue partes of Philosophi xxvi Foreheades lxxxii Frederike Feltrius liberary xlvi Fullers crafte lxix Funeralles lxxiiii Funeral plaies li. G GAley lxxx Games li Garlandes lv lvi Gates of marble lxxi Geomancie xxxiiii Gymnosophistes xxv Glasses to loke in lix Glasse lx Glewe lxxviii God his nature iii. God made made vi God what he is iiii God was the authour of lawes xxxvii God is made manne lxxxiiii Gods mercy Ibidem Goddesses of fauoure xxiii God father and Godmother lxxxvii Godbrother and godsister c.vi Golde lvii lix Gonnes when they were fyrst made xlix Good angelles i. Goshauke lxxvi Grace at meate c.xxi GraÌ„mer .ii. partes xv Grauers in marble lxxi Grecians lerned in Egypt xxvii Gregory stablished the single lyfe of priestes c.v. Greke stories xx Grindyng lxv HAberion xlviii Allowing of priestes vestures Cxxviii Hampers lxxviii Hangynges lxix Harneis xlviii Harpe lviii Harpe who found it xxiii Hebrue letters xiii Hebrues were authores of Poetry xvi Hebrues were authores of philosophi xxv Hebrues after Iosephus founde Geometrye xxix Hebrues ordaygned Democracie xxxviii Hechwall xxxi Helene founde the crosse Cvii Helmettes xlviii Herbe called baliÌ„ xxxi Herbes were created for manne Ibidem Hercules basilicê° lii Hercules lxi Heretickes Cli. Heroicall verse xvii Hiperbius lxvii Hippocrates xxx Histories xix Hoye lxxx Holy breade Cxxxii. Holy daies Cviii. and Cxxii Holy water Cix Hony lxvii Horsses xlix Hostanes wrote bokes of magike xxxiii Houres xliii liii Houses lxx Huntyng lxviii Huntyng staues xlix Housbandry lxv I IAcob made a league liiii Ianuarie xliii Ianus xii Ianê° coines of bras lix Iauelyns xlviii Icarius lxvi Idei dactili lviii Ides xliii Idolatry xi Iehosuah liiii Iginius made firste orders xc Ihon Baptist Cx. Ihon Cuthenbergus found printyng xlvi Images lxi cxxxi Images of kynges xi Images of waxe C. Institucion of wedlocke viii Instrumentes of husbandry lxv Instrumentes of phisicke xxx Iob. xvi Ioseph lxxxii Iron lviii Isaac digged pittes lxxii Isis i. Iubile C.xlvii Iulius Cesar made the yere perfect xliii Iupiter ii Iustes iÌ„ Rome lxxii Iustyng speares xlix K KEele lxxx Epyng y e secrameÌ„t in churches cxiiii Kyngdome beganne in Egipt xxxviii Kynges how thei behaued theÌ„selfes Ibi. KiÌ„ges of Rome xxxix Kynges and Quenes of Englande xcviii Kynges and priestes wer anoynted C.iii. Kynred inhibited too mary C.vi Kissyng the bishop of Romes feete xcvii Knightes weare rynges for difference lx Knightes of the Rhodes C.xli. Knightes of saincte Iames C.xlii. Knightes of Iesus Christe Ibidem