to seeke the Portugall Christians out and peaceably to put my selfe into their hands Hereupon the Gouernor and his assistants consulted and concluded together that I should be committed to the house of Antonio de Payue there remaine vntill they might write into Portugall to know the Kings pleasure concerning me Within one yeare they receiued answer from Lisbon concerning me that I should be forth comming and that hereafter the King would send further order for my transporting into Portugall But aboue two yeares passed before this order came In which meane space first I spent part of my time in going into the fields as ouerseer of my friends Negros and Sauages in their planting and dressing of their Sugar Canes and in planting of Gingers which grow there exceeding well but is a forbidden trade to be transported out for hindering of other places and in cutting downe of Brasil-wood and in bringing it downe by Riuers vpon rafts vnto the Port where the Ships doe lade it and in seeing them gather their Cotten wooll and picking the seedes out of it and packing the same and in gathering of the long Pepper both white and red After I had spent some yeare and an halfe in this businesse my friend Antonio de Payue hauing a small Barke of his owne which he employed in carrying of wares from Port to Port and for bringing of Sugars to places where Ships should lade vsed me knowing I had bin brought vp to the Sea in these his businesses Our first Voyage was to Ilheos where we left some wares and staied there some moneth then we went to Puerto Seguro and there tooke in some Sugars for Linnen Cloath Bayes Wine and Oyle Then returning home shortly after we were set forth againe in the same Barke to Spirito Sancto and Saint Vincent and the Riuer Ienero where discharging our wares to certaine Factors and receiuing Sugars and Cotten Wooll aboord we returned safely home In my first Voyage one Master Dauid Leake an English Surgeon lost there out of an English Shippe in the Countrie being much sought for because of his skill had passage with vs from Bahia to Spirito Sancto Vpon my returne of my second voyage my good friend Antonio de Payue aduertised me that a Shippe was shortly to arriue there to carry me into Portugall prisoner telling me that he should not be able any longer to helpe me and therefore wished me to looke to my selfe but kindely offered me his helpe to conuay me away whereupon I tooke his Boate and foure of his Negros pretending to goe on fishing to the Sea and so of purpose going much to Leeward of the place I put in to Feruambuc where the Negroes being examined whence we came and for what cause being vtterly ignorant of mine intent answered that they were drawn thither by force of weather and for their Masters sake were well intreated and returned home with the next winde my selfe remaining secretly behinde them Within certaine moneths there came thither a Hulke with eight English men and foureteene Portugals who after some three moneths had laden the same with English and Portugall goods to come for England The English goods belonged to M. Cordal M. Beecher and M. Sadler worshipfull Merchants of the Citie of London which had bin left in the Countrie before by the Merchant Royall Thus passing homeward in our course as far as the Iles of the Açores within sight of the I le of Pike being fiue Portugall Ships in consort we met with Cap. Raymond and Cap. George Drake of Exeter with two English Ships of warre who because the peace betweene England and Spaine was broken the yeare before commanded vs to yeelde our selues to them as their lawfull prises which we did al fiue accordingly without any resistance But by contrary weather we were driuen into Baltimore in Ireland and within a while after we arriued in the narrow Seas in the hauen of Chichister in the end of Nouember 1586. nine yeares and foureteene dayes after my departure out of England with Sir Francis Drake in his Voyage about the World My strange aduentures and long liuing among cruell Sauages being known to the right honorable the Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England he certified the Queenes Maiesty thereof with speede and brought me to her presence at White-hall where it pleased her to talke with me a long houres space of my trauailes and wonderfull escape and among other things of the manner of M. Dowties execution and afterward bestowed 22. angels on me willing my Lord to haue consideration of me with many gracious words I was dismissed humbly thanking the Almighty for my miraculous preseruation and safe returne into my natiue Countrie To the Reader HEre maâ—st thou read that dismall and fatall voyage of Master Thomas Candish in which he consummated his earthly peregrination In the former voyage of his which amongst our Circumâ—auigations of the Globe we haue presented thee thou findest a perpetuall Sunshine no man euer hauing in neere so little time compassed that huge circumference or taken his choise of so much more wealth then he could bring home or reuisited his natiue soile with greater pompe and triumph The clearest day hath a night nor doth Summer last alway the Sea hath his â—bbing as well as flowing the Aire hath calmes and stormes the Moone â—â—deth sometimes the Suns lustre from vs by her interposition sometimes is her selfe meerely darkened by the Earths shadow And if the Elements Seasons and Heauens two Eyes be subiect to such vicissitâ—des what is this little mâ—lchill of earth this modell of clay this moueable circumference of constant inconstancie immutable mutability this vanishing centre of diuersified vanitie which we call Man that herein also he should not resemble this samplar of the vniuerse as becommeth a littls map to be like that larger Prototype This we see all and feele daily in our selues this in Master Candish here in Sir Francis Drakes before the Seas two darlings there and thence both liuing and dying if dissolution of the body may be called a death where the soule arriueth in heauen the name fils the earth the deedes are presidents to posteritie and England their Countrie hath the glory alone that she hath brought forth two illustrious Captaâ—â—es and Generals which haue fortunately embraced the round waste of their vaste mother without waste of life reputation and substance yea victorious ouer elements and enemies illustrious in wealth and honour they haue comne home like the Sunne in a Summers day seeming greatest neerest his euening home the whole skie entertaining and welcoming him in festiuall scarless and displayed colours of triumph No Nation else hath yeelded one which in all these respects may be matchable Magalianes hath left himselfe odious to his Portugals for offered seruice to the Spaniard and like Phaeton thinking with Phebus his Chariot to compasse the World perished mid-way Midway was
is held by the Spaniards may bee perceiued by their imploying him in time of so great necessitie Once it is confessed that hee almost onely was hee that held the rest from present yeelding and who after yeelding which yet they say was without his consent taketh the losse of the Spaniards most of all to heart He seemeth truly to be wise aboue the common pitch of Souldiers which is his profession yet hath he beene heard say and protest by the faith of a Souldier that there is not so rich and good a myne in all the Kings Dominions to the Westward as that of Puerto Rico. Others whose fathers were imployed in the workes report what their dying fathers told them But that which maketh most of all to the purpose is the present preparation which the King is euen now a making for the reuiuing of these workes afresh in Puerto Rico by setting two hundreth Negroes to worke and for that purpose had sent great store of Mattocks and Spades thither there found in his store-house and for what other vse they should haue needed is not well conceiueable Much time was spent in taking order how the Spaniards might be dispatched to Carthagena for thither it was resolued they should bee sent being a place so farre to the leeward of Puerto Rico as that they neither could in haste themselues make any head nor send newes to Spaine to procure the leâ—â—ing of any forces thence and in prouiding victuals for this place and repayring ships that were first to come for England Vpon Thursday being Saint Peters day there was a saile discryed at Sea in the morning and by noone shee was come into the Harbour which with much astonishment shee found turned English The Spaniards had some few dayes before reported that they looked for a ship to bring from the Hauana much of the Souldiers pay that was behinde This held vs for the time in great suspence of hope and doubt whether this might bee shee or no the rather because this seemed to bee of the same bignesse that they had spoken of but when shee was fallen into the trap it was found indeed to bee a very Mouse where we looked for a Mountaine For her lading was a number of poore naked Negroes from Angola to bee sold there Yet was shee a pretie Boat and of her lading likely to bee made of good vse Within few dayes after there was another saile almost taken after the same manner yet perceiuing a greater fleete riding there then shee could hope to finde Spanish shee got her tack aboard and went away lasking so that though the Affection was sent away in chace after her yet shee escaped Vpon Friday being the seuenth of Iuly all things being made readie for their passage the Spaniards were imbarked in a Caruell and in another ship which during the time the ships rode without the Harbour for feare of them whom shee could not passe or enuie that they should receiue good by her ranne her selfe desperately ashoare but shee and most things in her were saued and here shee saued the sending away of a better ship With these two wherein the baser Spaniards were put there were two other ships sent to waft them wherein also went the Gouernour and some few others who deserued some respect And for themselues it was permitted them to come directly home for England The next day being the eighth of Iuly there came to his Lordship two Negroes from the mayne Iland with a flagge of truce and a letter from one Seralta an ancient Commander in that Iland and who vpon a wound receiued in the first fight at the bridge had with-drawne himselfe into the Countrie The effect of his desire was that being in great distresse through feare of the English that daily marched vp and downe the Countrie he desired his Lordship to grant him and his protection to trauell without danger Whereunto his Lordship made this answere to be written and sent him That he must absolutely denie his request but yet if himselfe or any of his Nation or any dwelling with him or them would within eight dayes come vnto him to Puerto Rico he should by the vertue of that his Letter bee protected from being taken or spoyled by any of his Souldiers and this hee willed him to signifie to them neere about him that they might giue notice of the same throughout the whole Iland And further his Lordship promised that to as many as would come that they should both come safely and if they so would should bee imbarked and sent away as the Gouernour with the rest of the Spaniards were alreadie His Lordships honorable resolution and intendment was not to come so farre from home to take onely or spoile some place in this other world and then run home againe but hee had determined by the leaue of God to keepe Puerto Rico if it pleased God to giue it into his hands That was the place he meant to carry whatsoeuer it might cost him being the very key of the West Indies which locketh and shutteth all the gold and siluer in the Continent of America and Brasilia He knew that Saint Domingo might with much lesse losse bee taken and would bring much greater profit for the present in regard whereof and of the desire hee had his Aduenturers should become gayners his thoughts sometime tooke that way but finally they stayed at Puerto Rico and there setled themselues As this was his resolution before hee had it so was it also after he had it and then not onely his but euery man of worth or spirit saw such reason in his Lordships designments that some thought themselues not so graciously dealt withall that they were passed ouer when others were named to stay But God had otherwise disposed For within a while that his Lordship had beene in Puerto Rico many of our men fell sicke and at the very first not very many dyed The Spanish as well as the English were both sicke and dyed of the sicknesse as besides Seralta was seene in diuers others O hâ—rs suspected their bodily labours to haue procured it and both seeme to haue concurred In Iuly and August is their Winter so called for their great raines at those times which to bodies alreadie rarified by the heat of the Sunne then ouer them and yet rather where vehement exercise hath more opened the pores whereby inward heat is exhaled must needes be very dangerous It was an extreme loosenesse of the body which within few dayes would grow into a flux of bloud sometimes in the beginning accompanyed with a hot Ague but alwayes in the end attended by an extreme debillitie and waste of spirits so that some two dayes before death the armes and legs of the sicke would be wonderfull cold And that was held for a certaine signe of neere departure This sicknesse vsually within few dayes for it was very extreme to the number of sixtie eightie and an hundred stooles
Arwaccas To most of these places there can be no passage but by Canoas in the Winter being marsh-medowy grounds ouerflowne with swelling Tides But in the Summer it is faire and then they hide their Canoas in the Woods by the Sea-side As for the Riuer of Marwin there are no other Riuers which fall into it but there be many Ilands and some very great The passage to the head thereof from the men with long eares is very dangerous by reason of the passage through hollow and concaue Rockes wherein harbour Bat-mise of an vnreasonable bignesse which with their clawes and wings doe wound the Passengers shrewdly yea and oftentimes depriue them of life During which passage which is some quarter of a mile and very darke for the Rockes are close aboue and in fashion like an Indian house they are inforced to make great fires in their Canoas and put ouer their heads some of their Crab-baskets â—o defend them from the force of their clawes and wings and so they safely passe There is a Chareebee with whom I am very well acquainted whose name is Carouree who assured me of certaine transparent stones both of a greene and red colour which hee described by a greene eare-ring which I shewed him affirming they were somewhat bigger and that they lay in a little gutter at the head of the Riuer which ran in a Valley betweene two Hills I was further informed by a Yaio an ancient man who came downe from the head of the Riuer Selinama in a little Canoa with foure other and a boy three of which were Arwaccas and one Yaio who was borne in Orenoque and as I iudge about the age of foure score yeeres or little lesse who reported to mee that hee was one of them which with Morequito and Putimay was at the killing of nine Spaniards and a Spanish Pedas and how Morequito was put to death and a greatmany of his Indians hanged himselfe was taken prisoner and pinched with Pinsers for his punishment and his eares nailed to wood which I coniecture was a Pillourie Besides they rubbed his body ouer with salt mixt with Vrine after they had pinched him and fetcht bloud and after tyed him vp in chaines The reason why they put him not to death was because hee had beene a great Traueller and knew the Countries well and so they kept him for a Guide It so chanced that the Spaniards vpon his informing them of the Cassipagotos Countrie and how rich they were and how he would be their guide went with some companie to conquer it the Captaine of the Spaniards was called Alexander as he saith But the Cassipagotos knowing his crueltie thought it better to fight it out then trust to his clemency and so ouerthrew him and his companie driuing them to their Canoas in which fight he escaped But yet afterward it was his mishap to be againe in the hands of his aduersarie by the meanes of Caripana King of Emeria and put in chaines and handled cruelly His body was besmeared as he said with a yellow stone for so he called it which I take to be Brimstone and so set on fire on his body and after that he was well and his skinne smooth and faire they anointed him with honie from top to toe and so scattered dust vpon him in which which were millions of Pismires tying him in chaines to a great tree where Muskitos flockt about him like moates in the Sunne and did pitifully sting him then which death had beene better as hee said Within some small space hee with another Yaio and three Arwaccas were chosen to goe a fishing some two dayes iourney from the Towne Likewise there went as ouerseers ouer them foure Spaniards three of which while they were a fishing went into the Wood a fowling and the fourth which was left for the ouerseer by chance fell asleepe which they espying agreed to release themselues and to slip from the shoare with their Canoa and went vp Selinama seuen dayes iourney within land from the head thereof to a Towne of the Arwaccas called Cooroopon where he now dwelleth whose name is Weepackea and the chiefe Arwacca which came with him is called Edaddeawa and the Captaine of Cooroopon is called Naushickeban This Yaio told mee of a Mountaine at the head of Dissikeebee which is called Oraddoo where is a great Rocke of white Spar which hath streams of Gold in it about the breadth of a Goose-quill and this he affirmeth very earnestly Also he speaketh of a Plaine which is some seuen or eight dayes iourney from the Mountaine where is great store of Gold in graines so big as the top of a mans finger and after the flouds be fallen they finde them which Plaine is called Mumpara Further he spake of a Valley not farre distant from thence which is called Wancoobanona which hath the like and he said they gather them the space of two moneths together which two moneths are presently after the great raines which wash away the sand and grauell from the grasse which groweth in turfets and then they may perceiue the Gold lie glistering on the ground And of these they are very charie And the Captaines and Priests or Pâ—â—ays doe charge the Indians very strictly yea with punishment of the whip that they be secret and not reueale it to the Spaniard But it seemeth they are willing the English should haue it or else hee would neuer haue related so much of the state of his Countrie He spake very much of Sir Walter Raleigh he likewise knew Francis Sparrow and the boy which Sir Walter left behind him at Topiawary his house He further said that Topiawary wondred that he heard not from Sir Walter according to his promise and how Topiâ—wary did verily thinke that the Spaniard had met with him and so had slaine him Further hee saith how Topiawary is dead and how one Roponoyegrippo succeeded in his roome Likewise he sayth Caripana the King of Emeria who was very subiect to the Spaniard and did once betray him to the Spaniard is now dead at which he seemed not a little to reioyce and how one Dothronias is in his place and is a good King holding Armes against the Spaniard with the Cassipagotos and and giuing him many ouerthrowes so that now hee hath cleare left Dissikeebee and not a Spaniard there He likewise said how Topiawary had drawne in the Indians of Wariwackeri Amariocupana Aromaya Wickery and all the people that belonged to Wanuritone Captaine of Canuria and Wacariopea Captaine of Sayma against Sir Walter Raleigh his comming to haue warred against the Yeanderpuremei And as yet Wanuritone and Wacariopea doe expect his comming He addeth further how he knew the two Nations of Tiuitiuas called Ciawana and Warawitty who are forced in the flouds to build their houses on the top of trees And now he saith the Spaniard hath for the most part destroyed them keeping diuers of them to make and mend
it in such sort that the first standing aside as wearied in wrestling another succeedeth him which holds himselfe for a valianter-man the which sometimes remaine well bedusted more they would remaine if at this time the captiue had not his cord or shakels This wrestling being ended he on foot blowing and puffing with rage and wearinesse with the other that hold him fast there commeth forth a troope of Nymphes which doe bring a great new painted bowle and in it the cords rolled vp and very white and this present being set at the feet of the captiue a cunning old woman in these matters and Mistris of the troope beginneth to tune a Song whom the other doe helpe the Dittie is according to the ceremonie And while they sing the men take the cords and the nooze being put about his necke they giue it another knot neere to the other great ones that it may not lose againe and hauing made of euery end a coyle they put them on the arme of the woman which alwaies goeth after him with this weight and if the weight be great because the cords are great and long they giue her another to carrie one of the coyles and if he before was terrible with the coller he is more now with those two knots so bigge behind about his necke and therefore one of the verses of the Song saith Wee are those that make the necke of the bird to stretch although after other ceremonies they say to him in another foote If thou hadst beene a Parrot annoying vs thou wouldest haue fled At this time the vessels of wine are set in a rowe in the middest of a great house and the house hauing no partitions though it bee of twentie or thirtie fathome in length it is full of people and when they begin to drinke it is a Labyrinth or a Hell to see and heare them For those which dance and sing doe continue with great feruentnesse all the daies and nights that the wines doe last For this being the proper feast of the slaughters in the drinking of the wines are many particularities which last long and they make water at euery stop and so they continue day and night they sing dance drinke and speake telling in whoopes through all the house of warres and acts that they did and as euery one will be heard in his Historie euery one doth speake striuing to bee lowdest beside other noises without any intermission no not a quarter of an houre That morning in which they begin to drinke they paint the captiue by a particular way that they haue for that designe in this sort his face being cleane and all the feathers he hath brought forth they anoint him with the Milke of a certaine tree that cleaueth very fast and they cast vpon it the powder of certaine egge-shels of a certaine wild bird and vpon this they paint him with black very faire pictures and all his bodie to the sole of his foote and sticke him all with feathers which they haue alreadie cut for that purpose and died redde and that maketh him to seeme halfe as bigge againe and touching his face it maketh it seeme as much greater and the eies so much the smaller that he remaineth an horrible visage And in the same manner that they haue painted his face they adorn the Sword which is of wood in manner of a Ferula or Palmer but that the head is not so round but almost three square and the sides doe almost end in an edge and the shaft of it which may bee of seuen or eight spans is not altogether round It hath at the head about foure fingers broad and commeth still narrowing vnto the end where it hath certaine pendants or little bels of diuers coloured feathers it is a gallant thing and of great esteeme among them they call it Iugapenambin that is eares of the Sword The last day of the wines they make in the midst of the place cabins of Palme-boughs as many as they are that shall die and in that they lodge without entring any more any house and all the day and the night hee is well serued with feasts more then with meate for they gine him no other foode but a fruite that hath the sauour of Nuts that the next day he may not haue much bloud The fifth day in the morning at seuen of the clocke little more or lesse his woman doth there leaue him and goeth home very sad and speaking for her farewell some pittifull wordes at the least fainedly Then they take away his shackels and passe the cords from his neck to the waste and standing at the doore of him that must kill him the slaughterer commeth forth in a dance as white as a Doue painted with white earth in a garment which they call a cloke of feathers tied about the breast vpward like the wings of an Angell so dancing he goeth round about the place and commeth making very strange countenances with his eies and bodie and with his hands he counterfeiteth the Kite that desireth flesh and with this Deuillishnesse hee commeth to the wretch which stands with the coard stretched on both sides hauing one that holdeth him and the poore wretch if he find wherewith to throw at him hee doth it with a good will and many times they giue him wherewith for many valiant men doe come out to him so nimble in winding their bodie that he cannot hit them This being ended there commeth an honorable Iudge or stickler of the new Knight that shall bee and taking the Sword passeth it many times betweene his legges putting it now on the one side now on the other euen in the same manner that the Pipers dogs doe passe betweene their legges and after taking it by the midst with both hands he pointeth as with a thrust to the eies of the man which is to die and this being done he turneth the head of it vpward in the same manner that he is to vse it and putteth it in the hands of the slaughterer as apt and fit already with those blessings for to doe his office they place themselues somewhat to the left side in such sort that he may hit him with the edge of his Sword in the nape of the necke for he striketh at another place And their brutishnesse is so much that because they feare no other euill but that which is present they are as resolute as if it were nothing as well for to speake as for to try their courage for after they take their leaue of life saying In a good houre let me die seeing many are dead and that besides this his brethren and kinsmen remaine here to reuenge them And with this the one makes him readie to discharge and the other to auoid his bodie which is all the honour of his death And they are so nimble in this that many times it is high daies before they are able to kill them for when he
where she sat but also pratled and whistled and lastly she wonderfully counterfeited the Barbarians going to the wars To be short if her Mistresse thought good to bid her sing she sung if to daunce she danced contrarily if not rewarding her with a little sharper speech she had commanded her their Augâ— that is be stil then she presently held her peace nor could we make her with any words to moue either her tongue or feete neuer so little wherefore I leaue it to the Readers to be considered whether if the Romans had had such a Parrat they would not highly haue esteemed her who as Pliny recordeth sometimes solemnized the death of a Crow with innumerable rites of funeral by which at the place of Common Pleas they were euery morning by name saluted and punished him with death who killed the same The Barbarian woman called this Parrat Cherimbaué that is to say her best beloued And surely she was so deere vnto her that demanding at what price we might buy her she answered in scoffing manner Mocaouassou that is to say a great brasse piece and therefore we could not wrest her from her at any price I found that they made their Nests in the holes of hollow Trees Among the rest of the American Birds the first place shall be giuen to a certaine Bird named Toucan whereof we made mention of before It is of the bignesse of a Pigeon of a blacke colour like a Crow except the brest which is of a yellow colour compassed from the lower part with a ring of red feathers which being taken away the Barbarians vse it for ornament of the cheeks and other parts of the body And it is highly esteemed with them because they vse it when they intend to daunce From thence it hath taken the name Toucan-tabourace that is a Feather to daunce with Yet notwithstanding they haue such store of them that they refuse not to change them for our Merchandizes The bill of this Bird exceedeth the rest of the body in length wherewith a Cranes beake is not to be compared and therefore it is to be accompted the most monstrous bill of the whole world There is another of the bignesse and colour of a Black-bird except the brest which is as red as Oxe bloud this the Barbarians take away after the same manner that they did the former and call the Bird Panou There is also another of the bignesse of an Owzell with all the Feathers of a scarlet colour this they call Quampian But one very little Bird is not to be omitted of no lesse admiration then smalnesse which the Barbarians call Gonambuch with white and shining Feathers it exceedeth not a drone Bee or Beetle in bignesse yet maketh wonderfull melodie in singing Sitting vpon that great Milium which the Barbarians call Auati or other high plants she singeth so loud that vnlesse she be seene you would scarse beleeue that so loud and sweete melodie could proceede from that small body She is not inferior to our Nightingale But because I cannot particularly describe all the American Birds which differ not a little from ours not onely in kinde but also in variety of colour as rose colour red violet white ash-colour purple c. I will at length describe one which the Barbarians so obserue and esteeme that they will not onely not hurt her but suffer them not to escape vnreuenged who doe her any wrong She is of the bignesse of a Pigeon and ashcolour the Tououpinambâ—â—ltij heare her more often in the night then in the day with a mournefull voyce and beleeue that she is sent from their friends and kindred vnto them and also declareth good lucke and especially that she incourageth and admonisheth them to behaue themselues valiantly in the warres against their enemies Besides they verily thinke that if they rightly obserue these diuinations it shall come to passe that they should vanquish their Enemies euen in this life and after death their soules should flye beyond the Mountaines to their ancestors perpetually to daunce there I chanced once to lodge in a Village named Vpec by the French men there in the night I heard those Birds not singing but making a lamentable noise I saw the Barbarians most attentiue and being ignorant of the whole matter reproued their folly But when I smiled a little vpon a French man standing by me a certaine old man seuerely enough restrained me with these words hold your peace least you hinder vs who attentiuely harken to the happy tidings of our auncestours For as often as wee heare these Birds so often also are we cheered and our strength receiueth increase The Americane Bees differing from ours are like vnto the lesser blacke flyes wherewith we are troubled in the time of Summer and make their hony combes in the hole of a rotten tree The Barbarians are skilfull to gather hony and waxe Being gathered intermingled they call it Yra-yetic for Yra signifieth hony and Yetic waxe The hony being seuered they eaâ—e it after our manner but keepe the waxe which resembleth the blacknesse of Pitch made into lumps of the bignesse of a mans arme Yet not that they make Torches or Candles therewith for there is no other vse of a Candle with them then of a certaine wood which sendeth forth a most cleere and bright flame But they chiefly vse that Wax to stop those huge canes wherein they put their Feathers least they should be eaten and gnawed with the Butter-flyes which also we will describe in this place They are called Arauers by the Barbarians of the bignesse of Grashoppers they also come in great multitudes to â—he fire as Creekets doe and if they finde anie thing they eate it but especiallie they so gnaw leather doublets and shooes that they whollie consume the superficies and vpper graine thereof But if we negligently set vp Hennes or other meates of that kinde in the morning the bare bones were found without flesh The Barbarians being stung with Scorpions applie bruised Scorpions to the wound if they can get them Moreouer as we haue elsewhere said that they are most desirous of reuenge nay I might almost say that they are made against all hurtfull things so that if vnawares they stumble at a stone they bite them after the manner of mad Dogges and diligently seeke out all liuing creatures hurtfull vnto them and vtterly roote them out as much as they can The Countrie of America hath also land Crabbes the Tououpinambaultij call them Oussa they goe in multitudes like Locusts vnto the Sea shoare and fennie places and if any one goe thither he may see them flying hither and thither they conuey themselues into the bodies and rootes of trees out of the which they cannot safely be drawne for they pinch the fingers and hands of such as take them with their clawes They are farre leaner then the Sea Crabs but because they smell of the Iuniper rootes they are
which made a wonderfull glittering showe in the eyes of the beholders This battell being ended in the space of three houres and many slaine and wounded on both sides our Tououpinambaultij carried away the victorie and brought about thirtie captiues more or lesse both men and women to their people And wee who performed no other seruice but encouraged the Barbarians with our drawne swords and small shot somtimes discharging them as we beheld them fighting in that it was most acceptable vnto them if strangers went with them to the warres procured so great an opinion of vs that from that time the elder sort embraced vs with a speciall good-will and loue The Captiues therefore being placed in the middest of the Armie and some of the stronger bound with ropes we went vnto the Bay of Ganabara from which we were distant about foure and twenty miles A few dayes after certaine Barbarians who had captiues with them came vnto our Castle whom by Interpreters we intreated that they would sell certaine slaues to Villagagno So a great part of the captiues was deliuered from the iawes of the Barbarians yet hardly and against the will of the Barbarians which not long after was plainly declared vnto mee I bought a certaine woman with her little childe scarce two yeeres old the price was certaine merchandise the value whereof amounted to three French pounds But hee that sold them complained thus vnto mee What will be hereafter I know not but since Paycolas for so they named Villagagno arriued here wee haue scarce eaten the halfe part of our captiues I greatly desired to keepe that little childe vnto my selfe but Villagagno restoring my merchandises challenged both the mother and the sonne I sometimes said vnto the mother that when I passed ouer Sea I would transport the little childe hither But shee the desire of taking reuenge is so inherent in the mindes of that Nation answered that shee had rather that he should be deuoured by the Tououpinambaultij then to be carried into so remote Countries for shee hoped that growing older he might by some meanes escape and conuey himselfe vnto his Countrymen and reuenge the death of his kindred ALthough that saying of Cicero be held for a most certaine Axiome by the common account of all men that there is no Nation so sauage nor so fierce that doth not know that they are to haue a God although they be ignorant what manner of God they ought to haue yet how this may appeare to be true in our Tououpinambaultij I doe not sufficiently knowe For they are ignorant of the true God and neither acknowledge nor worship any false Gods either celestiall or terrestriall and therefore haue no publike place where they may assemble for the cause of Religion They are ignorant also of the creation of the World distinguish not dayes by names nor preferre one before another they obserue not weekes moneths and yeeres but measure times by the Moones They are not onely altogether ignorant of Scripture whether it be sacred or profane but also vtterly without Characters wherewith they might bee able to write the meaning of the minde When I first came into those Countries I writ certaine words and sentences to acquaint my selfe with their Speech and read them presently before them They thinking it to be a iuggling tricke spake one to another in these words Is it not a wonder that this man who yesterday knew not so much as one word of our Language by the meanes and helpe of this Paper which teacheth him to speake our words should now so skilfully pronounce them that they may be vnderstood of vs As often as we talked with them and happened to make mention of God we said that we beleeued in one God Creator of Heauen and Earth who as he hath made the World and whatsoeuer things are therein so he gouerneth all things at his pleasure When they heard this looking one vpon another and breaking out into this word Teh which is a familiar token of admiration with them they stood still fixed and astonished Moreouer because as wee shall speake in his proper place they are vehemently terrified with the noise of Thunder which they call Toupan if bearing with their rudenesse wee tooke occasion thereby to instruct them and said that that was the God whereof we spake vnto them who that he might declare his power shooke Heauen and Earth after that manner they answered that that God by whom they were so terrified was a naughty one I doe not beleeue that there is any Nation in the whole World which may be more estranged from all Religion Yet that I may also declare how little apparance of light I perceiued among those thicke mysts of darknesse wherewith they are blinded I affirme that they doe not onely beleeue the immortalitie of the soules but are also certainly perswaded that after death their soules who haue embraced vertue but they define vertue after their manner to wit to auenge them of their Enemies and to eate very many flying beyond the highest Mountaines are gathered to the soules of their Fathers and Grand-fathers and there in most pleasant Gardens leade a ioyfull life in perpetuall delights and dansing this is that long peregrination of Socrates and the Poets Elysian fields but contrarily the soules of the fearefull cowards who liued ingloriously without any care of defending their Countrie are violently carried away by Aygnan for so they call the Deuill and liue in perpetuall torment with him These most miserable Barbarians are wofully euen in this life tormented by the Deuill whom by another name they call Kâ—agâ—rre For I haue sometimes seene them euen while they were talking with vs immediatly crying out like frantike men Hei hei helpe vs for Aygnan beateth vs. Nay they affirmed that the wicked spirit was seene of them sometimes in the shape of a cruell Beast sometimes of a Bird and sometimes also in some monstrous forme And because they greatly wondred that wee were not vexed by the Deuill therefore wee telling them that we were deliuered from those torments by that God whereof wee often spake vnto them who was farre aboue Aygnan and hindered him from procuring vs any trouble It somtimes happened that danger enforcing them they promised to beleeue in God but being deliuered they were vnmindfull of the promise But that it may euidently appeare that the torments wherwith they are vexed are no pastimes I my selfe haue somtimes seen them so stricken with a shiuering and quaking feare remembring that miserie that sweating through anguish and clapping their thighes with their hands they complained vnto vs with these words Mair Atourassap Acequeiey Aignan Atoupané that is My foole my companion I feare the Deuill aboue all other euils But contrariwise if any of vs spake vnto him in these words Nacequeicy Aygnan I feare not the Deuill then bewailing their condition they said Ah how happie were we if thereby we
whom hee loueth goeth to her Parents or if she haue none to her next Kindred and asketh them whether they will marrie their Daughter vnto him If they consent he presently bringeth her home without giuing her any assurance of Dowrie and so keepeth her for his lawfull Wife And if he suffer the repulse he giueth ouer his Sute without any perturbation of mind But it is to bee noted that Polygamy is vsuall with them and therefore it is lawfull for a man to marrie as many Wiues as he shall think good Nay the more Wiues that any one hath the more valiant and generous hee is esteemed Among the rest I saw one who had eight at home and hee often spoke very much of them in commendation of himselfe But this is chiefly to be wondred at that in so great a multitude of Wiues although one be beloued of the Husband aboue the rest the other meaner take it grieuously or become jealous or openly murmur Therefore they liue most quietly and with great agreement weauing their Cotton beds looking to the affaires of the house making Gardens and planting Roots They so hate adulterous women that it lyeth in the Husbands power either to kill the adultresse or at the least to put her away with great ignominie and reproach This surely is true that they are not very carefull of preseruing the chastitie of vnmarried women nay they easily prostitute them to any man So that as I haue alreadie said I haue seene very many in diuers Villages deflowred by the Neustrian Interpreters who yet were not reprochfully disgraced for the same I haue obserued that the younger sort both men and women are not very much giuen to lust and I would our Countrey people could moderate themselues aswell in this behalfe But that I may attribute no more vnto them then is meete I remember that often in their brawling they vsed to object this reproach Tyuire that is Buggerers one vnto another whereby we may conjecture that that hainous and abhominable wickednesse raigneth among them The women great with childe abstaine only from the greater burthens and performe the other accustomed duties And surely the women much exceed the men in labour for the men saue that sometimes in the Morning neuer at noone they place certaine Trees to make Gardens spend the time in warfare hunting fishing making of woodden Clubs Bowes Arrowes and other things of that kinde As touching the trauell of women I and another Frenchman lodging in a certaine Village about midnight heard a great out-cry of a woman and supposing she had beene surprized by the cruell beast Ian-ouare we arose and ran vnto her and found the woman in trauell to whom the Husband performed the office of a Midwife he receiuing the Infant in his armes cut the nauell string asunder with his teeth but pressed downe the Nâ—se for they esteeme the beautie of children to consist in the flatnesse of the Nose the new borne Infant is presently washed and painted by the Father with colours blacke and red then not being wrapped in swadling-clouts at all it is put into a Cotton hanging bedde But if it bee a Male childe the Faâ—her will giue him a little woodden Sword a small Bow and little Arrowes presently after his birth and lay them in the bedde with the childe and kissing the little Babe will speake vnto him in these words My Sonne when thou art come to mans estate be valiant to take reuenge of thine enemies As touching the giuing of names I remember that hee of whom I now spoke was named by the Father Orapacen which word signifieth a Bow and Bow-strings for the word â—s compounded of Orapat which is a Bow and Cen which signifieth a stringe The same manner also is obserued in others Their nourishment beside the Mothers Milke is chewed Meale and euery most tender kinde of meate The woman lately deliuered lieth downe two daies only or three daies at the most Afterward putting the little childe in a Cotton Scarffe shee either goeth to the Garden or to dispatch her other businâ—sse This opinion hath preuailed with vs that little children would haue crooked legges vnlesse they were carefully wrapped and bound in swadling clouts But I â—ffirme that the Barbarians nothing regard these things who pâ—t the new borne Infants naked and vnswadled in their Cotton beds whose children notwithstanding goe most straight and vpright of all the men in the World The Mothers who both want linnen and also vse not the helpe of leaues for these seruices whereof not withstanding they haue great plentie so diligently wipe the hinder parts of the Infants with small chips of wood that they are continually free from all filth The elder sore also obserue the same manner whom also digressing a litle into this filthy matter I thought good to mention that they vse to make water in their houses and yet no euill nor stinking sauour ariseth from thence although they shine bright almost continually with often fires and are strewed with sand but as often as they doe their easement they vse to goe apart farre from the Houses Moreouer proceeding to speake of the Marriage of the Tououpinambaultians as far as shame and modestie will permit I affirme contrarie to that which some haue forged that the men obseruing naturall shamefastnesse doe no where openly company with their Wiues This is especially worth the noting that for the space of an whole yeere while we liued in those Countries we neuer saw any woman hauing the flowres I thinke that they diuert that Fluxe by some meanes vnknowne to vs. For I saw Maidens of twelue yeeres olde whose sides were cut by their Mothers from the arme-hole downe to the knee with a very sharpe tuske of a certaine beast And the young Girles gnashing with their Teeth through extremitie of paine bleed very much I conjecture that they preuented their monthly Fluxe by this remedie As touching the Policie of the Barbarians it is scarce credible how well they agree among themselues being guided only by the light of Nature Nor may this be spoken but to their great shame who are instructed in diuine and humane Lawes which yet is to bee vnderstood of them who are of the same kindred or of the Confederates for how they behaue themselues towards their enemies it hath beene alreadie by vs declared Yet if any contention arise betweene certaine persons among them which very seldome happeneth for in the whole space of a yeere while I liued among them it was my chance twice only to see them brawling the beholders care not to pacifie the strife but suffer them to doe their pleasure although they bee readie to put out one anothers eies But if the one wound the other and that hee can bee taken hee is wounded in the same part of the bodie by the Kinsmen of him that is wounded Nay if peraduenture death follow the wound the Murtherer is slaine by
daies going vp with the tide euerie day a little brought them vp vnto the Towne Assoone as the people were come on shore he pitched his Campe on the Sea side hard vpon the Bay which went vp vnto the Towne And presently the Captaine Generall Vasques Porcallo with other seuen Horsemen foraged the Countrie halfe a league round about and found sixe Indians which resisted him with their Arrowes which are the weapons which they vse to fight withall The Horsemen killed two of them and the other foure escaped because the Countrie is cumbersome with Woods and Bogs where the Horses stacke fast and fell with their Riders because they were weake with trauelling vpon the Sea The same night following the Gouernour with an hundred men in the Brigantines lighted vpon a Towne which he found without people because that assoone as the Christians had sight of Land they were descried and saw along the Coast many smokes which the Indians had made to giue aduice the one to the other The next day Luys de Moscoso Master of the Campe set the men in order the Horsemen in three Squadrons the Vantgard the Batalion and the Râ—reward and so they marched that day and the day following compassing great Creekes which came out of the Bay They came to the Towne of Vcita where the Gouernour was on Sunday the first of Iune being Trinitie Sunday The Towne was of seuen or eight houses The Lords house stood neere the shoare vpon a very high Mount made by hand for strength At another end of the Towne stood the Church and on the top of it stood a fowle made of wood with gilded eies Here we found some Pearles of small value spoiled with the fire which the Indians doe pierce and string them like Beads and weare them about their neckes and hand-wrists and they esteeme them very much The houses were made of Timber and couered with Palme leanes From the Towne of Vcita the Gouernour sent Alcalde Maior Baltasar de Gallegos with fortie Horsemen and eightie Footmen into the Countrie to see if they could take any Indians and the Captaine Iohn Rodriguez Lâ—billo another way with fiftie Footmen Iohn Rodriguez Lobillo returned to the Campe with sixe men wounded whereof one died and brought the foure Indian women which Baltasar Gallegos had taken in the Cabbins or Cottages Two leagues from the Towne comming into the plaine field he espied ten or eleuen Indians among whom was a Christian which was naked and scorched with the Sunne and had his armes razed after the manner of the Indians and differed nothing at all from them And assoone as the Horsemen saw them they ranne toward them The Indians fled and some of them hid themselues in a Wood and they ouertooke two or three of them which were wounded and the Christian seeing an Horseman runne vpon him with his Lance began to crie out Sirs I am a Christian slay mee not nor these Indians for they haue saued my life And straight way hee called them and put them out of feare and they came forth of the Wood vnto them The Horsemen tooke both the Christian and the Indians vp behind them and toward night came into the Campe with much ioy which thing being knowne by the Gouernour and them that remained in the Campe they were receiued with the like This Christians name was Iohn Ortiz and hee was borne in Siuill of Worshipfull Parentage He was twelue yeeres in the hands of the Indians He came into this Countrie with Pamphilo de Naruaez and returned in the ships to the Iland of Cuba where the Wife of the Gouernour Pamphilo de Naruaez was and by his commandement with twentie or thirtie other in a Brigandine returned backe againe to Florida and comming to the Port in the sight of the Towne on the shoare they saw a Cane sticking in the ground and riuen at the top and a Letter in it and they beleeued that the Gouernour had left it there to giue aduertisement of himselfe when hee resolued to goe vp into the Land and they demanded it of foure or fiue Indians which walked along the Sea shoare and they bad them by signes to come on shoare for it which against the will of the rest Iohn Ortiz and another did And assoone as they were on the Land from the houses of the Towne issued a great number of Indians which compassed them about and tooke them in a place where they could not flee and the other which sought to defend himselfe they presently killed vpon the place and tooke Iohn Ortiz aliue and carried him to Vcita their Lord. And those of the Brigandine sought not to land but put themselues to Sea and returned to the the Iland of Cuba Vcita commanded to bind Iohn Ortiz hand and foot vpon foure stakes aloft vpon a raft and to make a fire vnder him that there he might bee burned But a daughter of his desired him that he would not put him to death alleaging that one only Christian could do him neither hurt nor good telling him that it was more for his honour to keepe him as a Captiue And Ucita granted her request and commanded him to bee cured of his wounds and assoone as he was whole he gaue him the charge of the keeping of the Temple because that by night the Wolues did carrie away the dead corpses out of the same who commended himselfe to God and tooke vpon him the charge of his Temple One night the Wolues gate from him the corpses of a little child the Sonne of a principall Indian and going after them he threw a Dart at one of the Wolues and strooke him that carried away the corps who feeling himselfe wounded left it and fell downe dead neere the place and hee not woting what he had done because it was night went backe againe to the Temple the morning being come and finding not the bodie of the childe he was very sad Assoone as Vcita knew thereof he resolued to put him to death and sent by the tract which hee said the Wolues went and found the bodie of the childe and the Wolfe dead a little beyond whereat Vcita was much contented with the Christian and with the watch which hee kept in the Temple and from thence forward esteemed him much Three yeeres after he fell into his hands there came another Lord called Mocoço who dwelleth two daies iourney from the Port and burned his Towne Vcita fled to another Towne that he had in another Sea Port. Thus Iohn Ortiz lost his office and fauour that he had with him These people being worshippers of the Deuill are wont to offer vp vnto him the liues and bloud of their Indians or of any other people they can come by and they report that when hee will haue them doe that Sacrifice vnto him he speaketh with them and telleth them that hee is athirst and willeth them to sacrifice vnto him Iohn Ortiz had notice by the Damosell that
they entred to inhabite was the great and most fertile I le of Hispaniola which containeth sixe hundred leagues in compasse There are other great and infinite Iles round about and in the Confines on all sides which we haue seene the most peopled and the fullest of their owne natiue people as any other Countrie in the World may be The firme Land lying off from this Iland two hundred and fiftie leagues and somewhat ouer at the most containeth in length on the Sea Coast more then ten thousand leagues which are alreadie discouered and daily be discouered more and more all full of people as an Emmote hill of Emmots Insomuch as by that which since vnto the yeere the fortieth and one hath beene discouered It seemeth that God hath bestowed in that same Countrie the gulfe or the greatest portion of Mankind God created all these innumerable multitudes in euery sort very simple without subtletie or craft without malice very obedient and very faithfull to their naturall Liege Lords and to the Spaniards whom they serue very humble very patient very desirous of peace making and peacefull without brawles and strugglings without quarrels without strife without rancour or hatred by no meanes desirous of reuengement They are also people very gentle and very tender and of an easie complexion and which can sustaine no trauell and doe die very soone of any disease whatsoeuer in such sort as the very children of Princes and Noblemen brought vp amongst vs in all commodities ease and delicatenesse are not more soft then those of that Countrie yea although they bee the children of Labourers They are also very poore folke which possesse little neither yet doe so much as desire to haue much worldly goods and therefore neither are they proud ambitious nor couetous Their diet is such as it seemeth that of the holy Fathers in the Desert hath not bin more scarce nor more straight nor lesse daintie nor lesse sumptuous Their apparelling is commonly to goe naked all saue their shamefast parts alone couered And when they be clothed at the most it is but a of a Mantle of Bombacie of an ell and a halfe or two ells of linnen square Their lodging is vpon a Mat and those which haue the best sleepe as it were vpon a Net fastened at the foure corners which they call in the Language of the I le of Hispaniola Hamasas They haue their vnderstanding very pure and quicke being teachable and capeable of all good Learning very apt to receiue our holy Catholike Faith and to be instructed in good and vertuous manners hauing lesse incumberances and disturbances to the attaining thereunto then all the folfe of the world besides and are so enflamed ardent and importune to know and vnderstand the matters of the faith after they haue but begunne once to taste them as likewise the exercise of the Sacraments of the Church and the diuine Seruice that in truth the religious men haue need of a singular patience to support them And to make an end I haue heard many Spaniards many times hold this as assured and that which they could not denie concerning the good nature which they saw in them Vndoubtedly these folkes should bee the happiest in the World if onely they knew God Vpon these Lambes so meeke so qualified and endued of their Maker and Creator as hath bin said entred the Spanish incontinent as they knew them as Wolues as Lions and as Tigres most cruell of long time famished and haue not done in those quarters these fortie yeeres past neither yet doe at this present ought else saue teare them in pieces kill them martyr them afflict them torment them and destroy them by strange sorts of cruelties neuer neither seene nor read nor heard of the like of the which some shall be set downe hereafter so far forth that of aboue three Millions of soules that were in the I le of Hispaniola and that we haue seene there are not now two hundred natiues of the Countrey The I le of Cuba the which is in length as farre as from Vallodolid vntill Rome is at this day as it were all waste Saint Iohns Ile and that of Iamayca both of them very great very fertill and very faire are desolate Likewise the Iles of Lucayos neere to the I le of Hispaniola and of the North side vnto that of Cuba in number being aboue threescore Ilands together with those which they call the Iles of Geante one with another great and little whereof the very worst is fertiler then the Kings Garden at Siuill and the Countrie the healthsomest in the World there were in these same Iles more then fiue hundred thousand soules and at this day there is not one only creature For they haue beene all of them slaine after that they had drawne them out from thence to labour in their Minerals in the I le of Hispaniola where there were no more left of the Natiues of that Iland A ship riding for the space of three yeeres betwixt all these Ilands to the end after the inning of this kind of Vintage to gleane and cull the remainder of these folke for there was a good Christian moued with pittie and compassion to conuert and win vnto Christ such as might be found there were not found but eleuen persons which I saw other Iles more then thirty neere to the I le of Saint Iohn haue likewise bin dispeopled and marred All these Iles containe aboue two thousand leagues of land and are all dispeopled and laid waste As touching the maine firme land we are certaine that our Spaniards by their cruelties and cursed doings haue dispeopled and made desolate more then ten Realmes greater then all Spaine comprising also therewith Aragon Portugall and twise as much or more land then there is from Seuill to Ierusalem which are aboue a thousand leagues which Realmes as yet vnto this present day remaine in a wildernesse and vtter desolation hauing bin before time as well pâ—opled as 〈◊〉 possible We are able to yeelde a good and certaine accompt that there is within the space of 〈◊〉 said fortie yeares by those said tyrannies and diuellish doings of the Spaniards doen 〈◊〉 death 〈◊〉 iustly and tyrannously more then twelue Milions of soules men women and children And I doe verily beleeue and thinke not to mistake therein that there are dead more then fifteene Millions of soules The cause why the Spanish haue destroyed such an infinite of soules hath beene onely that they haue held it for their last scope and marke to get Gold and to enrich themselues in a short time and to mount at one leape to very high estates in no wise agreeable to their persons or to say in a word the cause hereof hath beene their auarice and ambition And by this meanes haue died so many Millions without faith and without Sacraments Of the I le of Hispaniola In the I le Hispaniola which was the first as we haue said where
such wise as that since the first entring into New Spaine which was on the eight day of Aprill in the eighteenth yeere vnto the thirtieth yeere which make twelue yeeres complete the slaughters and the destructions haue neuer ceassed which the bloudie and cruell hands of the Spaniards haue continually executed in foure hundred and fiftie leagues of Land or thereabout in compasse round about Mexico and the Neighbour Regions round about such as the which might containe foure or fiue great Realmes as great and a great deale farre fertiler then is Spaine All this Countrie was more peopled with Inhabitants then Toledo and Siuill and Vallodolid and Sauagoce with Barcelona For that there hath not beene commonly in those Cities nor neuer were such a world of people when they haue beene peopled with the most as there was then in the said Country which containeth in the whole compasse more then 1800. leagues during the time of the aboue mentioned twelue yeeres the Spaniards haue slaine and done to death in the said 450. leagues of Land what men what women what young and little children more then foure Millions of soules with the dint of the Sword and Speare and by fire during I say the Conquests as they call them Neither yet doe I here comprize those whom they haue slaine and doe slay as yet euery day in the aforesaid slauerie and oppression ordinarie Amongst other Murders and Massacres they committed this one which I am now to speake of in a great Citie more then of a thirtie thousand housholds which is called Cholula that is that comming before them the Lords of the Countrie and places neere adioyning and first and formost the Priests with their chiefe high Priest in procession to receiue the Spaniards with great solemnitie and reuerence so conducting them in the middest of them towards their Lodgings in the Citie in the houses and place of the Lord or other principall Lords of the Citie the Spaniards aduised with themselues to make a massacre or a chastise as they speake to the end to raise and plant a dread of their cruelties in euery corner of all that Countrie Now this hath beene alwaies their customary manner of doing in euery the Regions which they haue entred into to execute incontinent vpon their first arriuall some notable cruell butcherie to the end that those poore and innocent Lambes should tremble for feare which they should haue of them in this wise they sent first to summon all the Lords and Noblemen of the Citie and of all the places subiect vnto the same Citie who so soone as they came to speake with the Captaine of the Spaniards were incontinent apprehended before that any body might perceiue the matter to be able thereupon to beare tidings thereof vnto others Then were demanded of them fiue or sixe thousand Indians to carry the lodings and carriages of the Spaniards which Indians came forthwith and were bestowed into the base Courts of the Houses It was a pitifull case to see these poore folke what time they made them ready to beare the carriages of the Spaniard They come all naked only their secret parts couered hauing euery one vpon their shoulder a Net with a small deale of victuall they bow themselues euery one and hold their backes cowred downe like a sort of â—llie Lambes presenting themselues to the Swords and thus being all assembled in the base Court together with others one part of the Spanish all armed bestowe themselues at the gates to hemme them in whiles the rest put these poore Sheepe to the edge of the Sword and the Speares in such sort that there could not escape away one onely person but that he was cruelly put to death sauing that after a two or three dayes you might haue seene come forth sundry all couered with bloud which had hid and saued themselues vnder the dead bodies of their fellowes and now presenting themselues before the Spaniards asking them mercy and the sauing of their liues they found in them no pitie nor compassion any whit at all but were all hewed in pieces All the Lords which were aboue and vnderneath were all bound the Captaine commanding them to be brent quicke being bound vnto stakes pitched into the ground Howbeit one Lord which might be peraduenture the principall and King of the Countrie saued himselfe and cast himselfe with thirtie or fortie other men into a Temple thereby which was as good vnto them as a Fort which they call in their Language Qewe and there he defended himselfe a good part of the day But the Spaniards whose hands nothing can escape specially armed for the warre cast fire on the Temple and burned all those which were within From Cholula they went to Mexico The King Motensuma sent to meet them a thousand of presents and Lords and people making ioy and mirth by the way After great and abhominable tyrannies committed in the Citie of Mexico and in other Cities and the Countrey ten fifteene and twenty leagues compasse of Mexico this tyrannie and pestilence aduanced it selfe forward to waste also infect and lay desolate the Prouince of Panuco It was a thing to be wondred at of the world of people that there were and the spoyles and slaughters there done Afterward they wasted also after the selfe manner all the Prouince of Tuttepeke and the Prouince of Ipelingo and the Prouince of Columa each Prouince contayning more ground then the Realme of Leon and Castile This Captaine tyrant with this gorgeous and pretended title dispatched two other Captaines as very tyrants and farre more cruell and lesse pitifull then himselfe into great Realmes most flourishing and most fertile and full of people to wit the Realme of Guatimala which lieth to the Seaward on the South side and the same of Naco and Honduras otherwise called Guaymura which coasteth on the Sea on the North side confronting and confining the one with the other three hundred leagues distance from Mexico He sent the one by Land and the other by Sea both the one and the other carried with them a many of troopes to serue on horsebacke and a foot He which went by Sea committed exceeding pillings cruelties and disorders amongst the people on the Sea-coast The Prouinces and Realmes of Naco and Honduras which resembled a Paradise of pleasures and were more peopled frequented and inhabited then any Countrey in the world now of late wee comming along thereby haue seene them so dispeopled and destroyed that who so should see them his heart would cleaue for sorrow ware hee neuer so flinty They haue slaine within these eleuen yeeres more then two millions of soules hauing not left in more then an hundred leagues of the Countrey square but two thousand persons whom they slay as yet daily in the said ordinary bondage The great tyrant and Captaine which went to Guatimala as hath beene said exceeded all from the Prouinces neere to Mexico according as himselfe wrote in a Letter to the principall
Tyrant which had sent him distant from the Realme of Guatimala foure hundred leagues keeping the way by him traced as he went slue robbed burned and destroyed all the Countrey wheresoeuer he became vnder the shadow of title aboue mentioned saying that they should submit themselues vnto them in the name of the King of Spaine who was vnto them vnknowne and of whom they had neuer heard speake and which those Nations there esteemed more vniust and more cruell then they his men were And the Tyrants giuing them no respite of time to deliberate they fling vpon the poore folke in a manner as soone as the message was done putting all to fire and bloud Of the Prouince and Realme of Guatimala NO sooner arriued hee into this said Realme but that hee beganne with great slaughter of the Inhabitants This notwithstanding the chiefe Lord came to receiue him being carried in a Lighter with Trumpets and Tabours reioycings and disports accompanied with a great number of the Lords of the Citie of Ultlatan head Citie of the whole Realme doing them also seruice with all they had but specially in giuing them food abundantly and whatsoeuer they demanded besides The Spanish lodged this night without the Citie forasmuch as the same seemed vnto them strong and there might be thereby danger This Captaine called to him the next morrow the chiefe Lord with other great Lords who being come as meeke sheepe he apprehended them all and commanded them to giue him certaine summes of gold They answering that they had none forasmuch as the Countrie yeelded none he commandeth incontinent to burne them aliue without hauing committed any crime whatsoeuer and without any other forme of Processe or sentence As the Lords of all these Prouinces perceiued that they had burned their soueraigne Lords onely because they gaue them no Gold they fled all to the Mountaines commanding their Subiects to goe to the Spaniards and to serue them as their Lords but that they should not discouer them nor giue them intelligence where they were With this loe all the people of the Countrey presenting them and protesting to be theirs and to serue them as their Lords The Captaine made answere that he would not accept of them but that he would kill them if they told not where were their Lords The Indians answered they could not tell ought but as touching themselues they were content that they should employ them to their seruice with their wiues and children and that they should vse their houses and that there they might kill or doe whatsoeuer them pleased It is a wonderfull thing that the Spaniards went to their Villages and Burrowes and finding there these silly people at their worke with their wiues and children neither misdoubting any thing they pierced them with their Boare-speares and hackled them to pieces They came to one Burrow great and mighty which held it selfe more assâ—red then any other because of their innocency whom the Spanish laid desolate in a manner all whole in the space of two houres putting to the edge of the sword children with women and aged persons and all those which could not escape by fleeing The Indians aduised betweene them to digge certaine ditches in the middest of the wayes to make their Horses tumble into and piercing their bellies with Pikes sharpâ—ed and brent at one end there bestowed of purpose and couered ouer so orderly with greene turfe that it seemed there was no such matter There fell in Horses once or twice for the Spaniards afterwards could beware of them But now to auenge them they made a Law that as many Indians as might bee taken aliue should be slung into the same pits Hereupon they cast in women with child and women new deliuered of child-birth and old folke as many as they could come by vntill that the ditches were filled vp It was a lamentable thing to behold the women with their children stabbed with these pickes All besides they slue with thrust of Speares and edge of Sword They cast of them also to flesh fraunching Dogs which tare them and deuoured them They brent a Lord at a great fire of quicke flames saying they would herein doe him honour And they persisted in these butcheries so vnnaturall about seuen yeeres from the yeere 24. vntill the yeere 31. The Indians which escaped with all other of the Countrie seeing all the mischiefes of the Spanish began to assemble and put themselues in Armes whereupon the Spaniards worke great discomfitures and slaughters returning to Guatimala where they builded a Citie the which God of a iust iudgement hath reuersed with three ouerwhelmings falling all three together the one was with water the other with earth and the third with stones of the bignesse of ten or twentie Oxen. By such like meanes all the Lords and the men that were able to beare Armes being slaine those which remayned were reduced into the Diabolicall seruitude aforesaid being made tributary slaues or villaines regardant but giuing for their tribute sonnes and daughters for they will haue none other kinde of bond-men And so the Spaniards sending whole ships laden with them to Peru to sell them with their other slaughters haue destroyed and laid desart an whole Realme of an hundred leagues square or aboue a Countrie the most blessefull and peopled the most that might be in the world For the Tyrant himselfe wrote hereof that it was more peopled then Mexico and herein he said the truth He hath done to death with his consorts and confreres more then foure or fiue millions of soules in fifteene or sixteene yeeres space from the yeere 24. vnto the yeere 40. and yet at this houre they slay and destroy those that remayne This Tyrant had a custome when as he went to make warre vpon any Citie or Prouince to carrie thither of the Indians already vnder-yoaked as many as hee could to make warre vpon the other Indians and as he gaue vnto a ten or twentie thousand men which hee led along no sustenance he allowed them to eate the Indians which they tooke And so by this meanes hee had in his Campe an ordinary shambles of mans flesh where in his presence they killed and rosted children They killed men onely to haue off from them their hands and their feete which parts they held to be the daintiest morsels He was the death of an infinite sort of the Indians in making of ships the which hee transported after this rate great store of Artilerie which hee loded vpon the shoulders of these poore folke going naked whereby I haue seeue very many fall downe in the high way by reason of their great burdens He vndid whole housholds by taking from the men their wiues and daughters the which afterwards he dispersed in gifts to his Mariners and Souldiers to please them withall who led them along with them in their Nauies Hee stuffed all the ships with Indians where they died for thirst and hunger He made two Nauies
destroy other Prouinces that which they call discouering many of the Indians assembled fortifying themselues vpon certaine Rockes Vpon the which Rockes the Spanish haue made and yet at this present and afresh doe make so many cruelties that they almost made an end of laying desolate all this great Countrey slaying an infinite number of people Of the Realme of Yucatan THe yeare one thousand fiue hundred twenty and six was deputed ouer the Realme of Yucatan another caitiffe Gouernour and that through the lies and false reports which himselfe had made vnto the King in like manner as the other tyrants vntill this present to the end there might be committed vnto them offices and charges by meanes whereof they might rob at their pleasures This Realme of Yucatan was full of inhabitants for that it was a Countrie in euery respect wholesome and abounding in plentie of victuals and of fruites more then Mexico and singularly exceeded for the abundance of Honie and Waxe there to be found more then in any quarter of the Indies which hath beene seene vnto this present It containeth about three hundred leagues compasse The people of that Countrie were the most notable of all the Indies as well in consideration of their policie and prudencie as for the vprightnesse of their life verily worthy the training of the knowledge of God amongst whom there might haue beene builded great Cities by the Spanish in which they might haue liued as in an earthly Paradise if so be they had not made themselues vnworthy because of their exceeding couetousnesse hard hartednesse and heinous offences as also vnworthy they were of other moe blessings a great many which God had set open in these Indies This tyrant began with three hundred men to make warre vpon these poore innocent people which were in their houses without hurting any body where he slew and ransacked infinite numbers And for because the Countrey yeeldeth no Gold for if it had yeelded any he would haue consumed those same Indians in making them to toyle in the Mines to the end he might make Gold of the bodies and soules of those for whom Iesus Christ suffered death he generally made slaues of all those whom he slew not and returned the Ships that were come thither vpon the blowing abroad and noyse of the selling of slaues full of people bartered for Wine Oyle Vinegar powdred Bacons flesh Garments Horses and that that euery man had neede of according to the Captains estimate and iudgement He would let choose amongst an hundred or fiftie yong Damosels bartering some one of the fairest and of the best complexion for a Caske of Wine Oyle Vineger or for Porke powdred And in like manner he would let choose out a young hansome Stripling amongst two or three hundred for the foresaid Merchandize And it hath beene seene that a youth seeming to bee the Sonne of some Prince hath beene bartered for a Cheese and an hundred persons for an Horse Hee continued in these doings from the yeere twentie sixe vntill the yeere thirtie three As these Spaniards went with their mad Dogges a foraging by the tracke and hunting out the Indian men and women An Indian woman being sicke and seeing she could not escape their Dogges that they should not rent her as they did others shee tooke a coard and hanged her selfe at a beame hauing fastened at her foot a child she had of a weere old and she had no sooner done behold these Curres which come and dispatch this infant howbeit that before it died a Religious man a Frier baptized it When the Spanish parted out of this Realme one amongst others said to a Sonne of a Lord of some Citie or Prouince that he should goe with him the Boy answered and said he would not forsake his Countrie The Spaniard replied Goe with me or else I will cut off thine eares The young Indian persisted in his first saying that he would not forsake his Countrie The Spaniard drawing out his Dagger cut off first one and then his other eare The youngman abiding by it still that he would not leaue his Countrie he mangled off also his Nose with the vppermost of his lips making no more scrupulositie of the mater then if he had giuen him but a philip This damnable wretch magnified himselfe and vaunted him of his doings villanously vnto a reuerend Religious person saying that hee tooke as much paines as hee could to beget the Indian women in great numbers with child to the end he might receiue the more money for them in selling them great with childe for slaues In this Realme or in one of the Prouinces of New Spaine a certaine Spaniard went one day with his Dogges on hunting of Venison or else Conies and not finding game hee minded his Dogges that they should bee hungrie and tooke a little sweet Babie which hee bereaued the mother of and cutting off from him the armes and the legges chopped them in small gobbets giuing to euery Dogge his Liuerie or part thereof by and by after these morsels thus dispatched he cast also the rest of the bodie or the carkasse to all the kenell together Being now departed the Realme all the Deuillish Tyrants blinded with the couetousnesse of the riches of Peru that reuerend Father Frier Iames with foure other Religious of Saint Francis was moued in spirit to goe into this Realme to pacifie them and for to preach to them and to winne vnto Iesus Christ those which might bee remayning of the Butcheries and Tyrannous Murders which the Spanish had beene peâ—petrating seuen continuall yeeres And I beleeue that these same were those Religious persons the which in the yeere thirtie foure certaine Indians of the Prouince of Mexico sending before them Messengers in their behalfe requested them that they would come into their Countrie to giue them knowledge of that one only God who is God and very Lord of all the woâ—ld according in the end to admit them with condition that they should enter themsâ—lues alone and not the Spaniards with them that which the Religious promised them For it was permitted them yea commanded them so to doe by the Vice-roy of New Spaine and that there should bee no kind of displeasure bee done vnto them by the Spaniards The Religious men preached vnto them the Gospell of Christ as they are accustomed to doe and as had beene the holy intention of the Kings of Castile that should haue beene done Howbeit that the Spaniards in all the seuen yeeres space past had neuer giuen them any such notice of the truth of the Gospell or so much as that there was any other King sauing himselfe that so tyrannized ouer them and destroyed them By these meanes of the Religious after the end of fortie dayes that they had preached vnto them the Lords of the Countrie brought vnto them and put into their hands their Idols to the end that they should burne them After also they brought vnto them their young children that
for to draw a great deale of money according to the quantitie of the slaues and they prepare but a very small deale of sustenance and water to serue but a few persons to the end that those Tyrants whom they cal Purueyours of the ships should not spend them much And there is but euen scarse enough saue to serue the Spaniards turne which goe a rouing and robbing and there is alwaies wanting for the poore Indians Wherefore also they die for hunger and thirst and then there is none other remedie but to cast them ouer the boord into the Sea And verily a man among them did tell me that from the I le of Lucayos where had beene wrought great slaughters in this manner vnto the Isle of Hispaniola which are sixtie or seuentie leagues there trended a ship all alongst without that it had either Compasse or Mariners Card being guided onely by the tracke of dead Indians carkasses floating vpon the Seas of them which had bin cast in And after they be landed in the I le whither they bring them to make sale of them it is to make a heart to yearne of whosoeuer haue he neuer so little compassion to behold them naked and famished fall downe and faint for hunger and thirst women and aged men and children Afterwards they soone after separate them as it were Lambes the fathers from the children and the wiues from the husbands in making troupes of them of ten or twentie persons and so cast lots on them to the end those Purueyours should take their share which are those who doe rigge and furnish two or three ships for the Nauie of those Tyrants seasing vpon all they come by and pulling the poore men out of their owne housen And looke when the lot falleth vpon the flocke where there were among them any old or sicke person the Tyrant to whom the same escheated would say The Deuill take the old Graybeard why doest thou giue him mee to the end I should goe burie him And this sicke Rascall what haue I to doe that hee should fall out to my lot to the end I should be his Phisicion to cure him The tyrannie which the Spanish exercise ouer the Indians to fish for Pearles is one of the cruellest things that is in the World There is no hell in this life nor other desperate state in this World that may be compared vnto it although that the Trade of Gold finding be in his kind very grieuous and very miserable They let them into the Sea three foure or fiue fathome forth downe right vnder water from the morning vntill Sun-set where they are continually flitting without stint to plucke Oysters in the which are engendred the Pearles They surge vp aboue the waters with a Net full of Oysters to take breath where standeth readie a Spanish Tormentor in a little Cocke Boate or a Brigantine and if the poore wretches stay neuer so little while to rest themselues they all to be buffet them with their fists and draw them by the haire into the water to returne to their fishing Their sustenance is fish and the same very fish which containeth the Pearles and the bread Cacabi or some Maiz which are the kinds of bread of that Countrie the one of very slender nourishment the other is not easie to bee made into bread of the which also they neuer giue them their belly full The beds that they lodge them in a nights is to set them by the heeles their bodies recoyling on the cold ground in a paire of stockes for feare of running away Sometimes they are drowned in the Sea and at their fishing and trauell picking of Pearles and neuer rise vp againe aboue the water because the Bunches and whirlepooles doe kill them and eate them It is impossible that men should be able to liue any long season vnder the water without taking breath the continuall cold piercing them and so they die commonly parbraking of bloud at the mouth and of the bloudy fluxe caused by the cold Their haires which by nature are cole blacke alter and become after a branded russet like to the haires of the Sea-wolues The Salt-peter breaketh out of their shoulders in such sort that they seeme to bee a kinde of monsters in the shape of men or else some other kinde of men They dispatched in ridding about this insupportable trauell or rather to speake rightly this deuilish torment all the Lucayan Indians which were in the Iles hauing sauoured this gaines and euery Indian was worth vnto them a fiftie or an hundred Castillans They made an open Mart of them notwithstanding it were inhibited them by the Magistrate otherwise vnmercifull for the Lucayens were good swimmers They also about these things haue slaine a number of the people of other Prouinces Of the Riuer Yuia pari THere runneth through the Prouince of Paria a Riuer named Yuia Pari more then two hundred leagues within land from the head There entred the same Riuer an vnlucky tyrant a great many leagues vpward in the yeere 1529. with foure hundred men or more which there wrought great slaughters burning aliue and putting to the edge of the sword an infinite sort of Indians which were in their lands and houses doing hurt to no creature and therefore secure and mistrusting nothing In the end hee died an euill death and his Nauie was disparaged albeit that other tyrants there were which succeeded him in his mischieuousnesses and tyrannies and yet at this day thither they goe destroying and slaying and plunging into Hell the soules for whom the Sonne of God shed his bloud Of the Realme of Venesuela THe yeere 1526. the King our Soueraigne being induced by sinister informations and perswasions damageable to the State as the Spaniards haue alwaies pained themselues to conceale from his Maiestie the damages and dishonours which God and the soules of men and his State doeth receiue in the Indies granted and committed a grea Râ—alme greater then all Spaine Venesuela with the gouernment and entire iurisdiction vnto certaine Dutch Merchants with certaine capitulations and conuentions accorded betweene them These same entring the Countrey with three hundred men they found the people very amiable and meeke as Lambes as they are all in those parts of the Indies vntill the Spanish doe outrage them These set vpon them without comparison a great deale more cruelly then any of the other tyrants of the which wee haue spoken before shewing themselues more vnnaturall and fierce then raging Tigres or Wolues or ramping Lions These haue layd desolate and destroyed more then foure hundred leagues of most fertile land and therein of Prouinces exceeding and wonderfull faire Valleyes to the breadth of forty leagues and Bournes very great full of people and of Gold They haue staine and wholly discomfited great and diuers Nations so farre forth as to abolish the Languages wonted to bee spoken not leauing aliue that could skill of them vnlesse some one or
engraue an awe of himself in the hearts of all the peoples of that Countrie Another time the Captaine commanded to take an oathe of the Spaniards to wit how many euery one had in his seruice of the Caciques and principall Lords and Indians of the meaner sort that incontinent they should be brought to the most open place of the Citie where he commanded that they should be beheaded thus were there at that time put to death foure or fiue hundred soules Moreouer these witnesses depose concerning another of the pettie tyrants that he had exercised great cruelties in slaying and chopping off the hands and noses of many persons aswell men as women and destroying very much people Another time the Captaine sent the selfe same cruell man with certaine Spaniards into the Prouince of Bogata to be informed by the inhabitants what Lord it was that was successour vnto the chiefe Lord whom hee had made to die that cruell death in those torments spoken of before Who running along the Countrie throughout many places tooke as many Indians as he could come by And for that he could not learne of them what he was that succeeded that Lord he mangled off some hands he bid cast others men and women vnto hungrie Mastiues who rend them in peeces And in this manner haue beene destroyed very many Indians and Indesses One time at the fourth watch of the night he went to ouerrun Caciques or Gouernours of the land with many of the Indians which were in peace and held themselues assured for he had giuen them his faith and assurance that they should receiue no harme nor damage vpon credit whereof they were come forth of their holes in the Mountaines where they had beene hid to people Plaine in the which stood their Citie thus being common without suspition and trusting the assurance made he tooke a great number as well men as women and commanded to hold out their hands stretched against the ground and himselfe with a woodknife cut off their hands telling them that he did on them this chastisement for that they would not confesse where their new Lord was which had succeeded in the charge of gouernment of the Realme Another time for that the Indians gaue him not a coffer full of Gold that this cruell Captaine required them he sent men to warre vpon them who cut off the hands and noses of men and women without number They cast others before their dogs being hunger bitten and vsed to the feare of feeding on flesh the which dispatched and deuoured Another time the Indians of that Realme perceiuing that the Spaniards had burnt three or foure of their principall Lords they fled for feare vp into a Mountaine from whence they might defend themselues against their enemies so estranged from all humanitie There were of them by the testimonie of the witnesses foure or fiue Indians This aboue said Captaine sent a great and notable tyrant which exceeded farre most of those to whom he had giuen the charge to ransacke and waste together with a certaine number of Spaniards to the end that they should chastise the Indian rebels as they would seeme to make them for that they were fled from a pestilence and slaughter so intollerable Well so it is that the Spanish by force preuailed to get vp to the Mountaine for the Indians were naked without weapons And the Spaniards cryed peace vnto the Indians assuring them that they would doe them no harme and that they of their parts should not warre any longer Streight way as the Indians stinted from their owne defence the vile cruell man sent to the Spaniards to take the forts of the Mountaine and when they should get them to enclose within them the Indians They set then like vnto Tygers and Lyons vpon these lambes so meeke and put them to the edge of the sword so long that they were faine to breath and rest themselues And after hauing rested a certaine season the Captaine commanded that they should kill and cast downe from the Mountaine which was very high the residue that were aliue which was done And these witnesses say that they saw as it were a could of Indians cast downe from the Mountaine to the number by estimation of seuen hundred men together where they fell battered to peeces And to atchieue all his great crueltie they searched all the Indians that were hid amongst the bushes and he commanded to cut off their heads at blockes ends and so they slue them and cast them downe the Mountaines yet could not he content himselfe with those said things so cruell but that he would make himselfe a little better knowne augmenting his horrible sinnes when as he commanded that all the Indians men and women which some priuate persons had taken aliue for euery one in those massaeres is accustomed to cull out some one or other mankinde and womankinde to the end to become his seruants should be put into a strawen house sauing and reseruing those which seemed necessary to be employed in their seruice and that there should be put to fire thus were there burned fortie or fiftie Hee caused the rest to be flong to the carrion dogs which rend them in peeces and deuoured them Another time the selfe same tyrant went to a Citie called Cotta and tooke there a number of Indians and caused to be dismembred by his dogges a fifteene or twenty Lords of the principall and cut the hands of a great multitude of men and women which said hands he hanged one by another on a pole to the end the other Indians might see that which hee had done vnto them There were so hanged one by another threescore and ten paire of hands Hee slised off besides from many women and children their noses No creature liuing and reasonable is able to decipher the mischiefes and cruell dealing of this fellow enemy of God For they are without number neuer otherwise heard of nor seene those I meane which hee hath done in the land of Guatimala and all about where he hath become The witnesses say for a surcharge that the cruell dealings and slaughters which haue beene committed and are yet in the said Realme of new Grenado by the Captaines themselues in person and by their consents giuen vnto all the other tyrants wasters and weeders of the nature of man which were in his company and the which hath laid all the Countrie wilde and waste are such and so excessiue that if his Maiestie doe not take some order therein in some time albeit that the slaughter and discomfiture of the Indians is done onely to bereaue them of their Gold the which they haue none of for they haue surrendred all that which they had they will in a short time make an end of them so in such sort that there will be no more Indians to inhabit the land but that it will remaine in a wildernesse without being manured There are other great Prouinces which bound vpon the said Realme of new
fishes the Tons Dolphins and all those that carrie Lard among the birds the Hernes Duckes and all other water birds for in being an ouer-curious obseruator of these things one might fal into the danger of staruing and to die for hunger They place yet among the meats that are to be shunned Bisket Beanes and Pulse the often vsing of Milke Cheese the grosse and harsh Wine and that which is too small white Wine and the vse of Vinegar Beere which is not well sodden nor well scummed and that hath not Hoppes enough Also waters that runne thorow rotten wood and those of Lakes and Bogges still and corrupted waters such as is much in Holland and Frizeland where is obserued that they of Amsterdam are more subiect to Palsies and stifning of sinews then they of Roterdam for the abouesaid cause of still and sleepy waters which besides doe ingender Dropsies Dysenteries Fluxes quartaine Agues and burning Feuers swellings vlcers of the Lights shortnesse of breath ruptures of children swelling in the veines sores in the legges finally they wholly belong to the disease whereof we speake being drawne by the Spleene where they leaue all their corruption Sometimes this sicknesse doth also come by a vice which is euen in waters of running Fountaines as if they be among or neere Bogges or if they issue from a muddy ground or from a place that hath not the Sunnes aspect So Plinie reciteth that in the Voyage which the Prince Caesar Germanicus made into Germanie hauing giuen order to his Armie to passe the Riuer of Rhine to the end to get still forward in the Countrie he did set his campe on the Sea shoare vpon the coast of Frizeland in a place where was but one onely Fountaine of fresh water to bee found which notwithstanding was so pernicious that all they that dranke of it lost their teeth in lesse than two yeeres space and had their knees so weake and disioynted that they could not beare themselues Which is verily the sicknesse whereof wee speake which the Physicians doe call Stomaccacè that is to say Mouthes sore and Scelotyrbè which is as much to say as the shaking of thighs and legges And it was not possible to finde any remedie but by the meanes of an herbe called Britannica or Scuruy grasse which besides is very good for the sinewes against the sores and accidents in the mouth against the Squinancie and against the biting of Serpents It hath long leaues drawing in colour a darke greene and produceth a blacke roote from which liquor is drawne as well as from the leafe Strabo sayth that the like case happened to the Armie that Aelius Gallus brought into Arabia by the commission of Augustus the Emperour And the lâ—ke also chanced to King Saint Lewes his Armie in Egypt as the Lord de Ioâ—nuille reporteth Other effects of bad waters are seene neere vnto vs to wit in Sauoy where the women more than men because they are of a colder constitution haue commonly swellings in their throats as bigge as Bottles Next to waters the aire is also one of the Fathers and Ingenderers of this sicknesse in boggy and watrish places and opposite to the South which is most often rainy But there is yet in New France another bad qualitie of the aire by reason of Lakes that be thicke there and of the great rottennesse in the Woods whose odour the bodies hauing drawne vp during the raines of Autumne and Winter easily are ingendred the corruptions of the mouth and swelling in the legges before spoken and a cold entreth vnsensibly into it which benummeth the limbes stifneth the sinewes constraineth to creepe with crutches and in the end to keepe the bed And for as much as the windes doe participate with the aire yea are an aire running with a more vehement force than ordinary and in this qualitie haue great power ouer the health and sicknesses of men This noisome qualitie of winde proceedeth in my iudgement from the nature of the Countrie thorow which it passeth which as wee haue said is full of Lakes and those very great which bee as it were standing and still waters Whereto I adde the exhalation of the rottennesse of woods that this winde bringeth and that in so much greater quantitie as the North-west part is great large and spacious The seasons are also to be marked in this disease which I haue not seene nor heard of that it begins to worke neither in the Spring time Summer nor Autumne vnlesse it be at the end of it but it Winter And the cause thereof is that as the growing heate of the Spring maketh the humours closed vp in the Winter to disperse themselues to the extremities of the body and so cleareth it from melancholy and from the noisome humors that haue beene gathered in Winter so the Autumne as the Winter approacheth draweth them inward and doth nourish this melancholy and blacke humour which doth abound specially in this season and the Winter being come sheweth forth his effects at the costs and griefe of the poore patients I would adde willingly to all the aforesaid causes the bad food of the Sea which in a long Voiage brings much corruption in mans body This sicknesse proceeding from an indigestion of rude grosse cold and melancholy meates which offend the stomacke I thinke it good submitting my selfe to better iudgement and aduice to accompany them with good sawces be it of Butter Oyle or Fat all well spiced to correct as well the qualitie of the meate as of the bodie inwardly waxen cold Let this be said for rude and grosse meates as Beanes Pease and fish for he that shall eate good Capons good Partridges good Ducks and good Rabets may be assured of his health or else his body is of a bad constitution We haue had some sick that haue as it were raised vp â—rom death to life for hauing eaten twice or thrice of a coolice made of a Cocke good Wine taken according to the necessitie of nature is a soueraigne preseruatiue for all sicknesses and particularly for this The young buds of herbs in the Spring time be also very soueraigne And as for that which concerneth the exteriour parts of the body we haue found great good in wearing woodden Pantaphles or Patins with our shooes for to auoide the moistnesse The houses neede no opening nor windowes on the North-west side being a winde very dangerous but rather on the East side or the South It is very good to haue good bedding and it was good for mee to haue carried things necessary co this purpose and aboue all to keepe himselfe neate I would like well the vse of Stoues such as they haue in Germanie by meanes whereof they feele no Winter being at home but as much as they please Yea they haue of them in many places in their Gardens which doe so temper the coldnesse of Winter that in this rough and sharpe
vnto me they were presently set vpon by the Sauages of the Country and it was behoouefull vnto them to stand in good order well to deâ—end themselues after the said Champlein had receiued a blow on the chine bone whereof he is not yet fully healed Since he made a confederacy with other Nations of those parts farther distant from the mouth of the Lake who promised him that the next yeare following which is this yeare 1611. they would conduct him with all assurance as far as the farthest end of the said Lake He for his part promised them faire and shewed them as well as he could the greatnesse of our King and of his Kingdome and for to make them certaine thereof he tooke with him a yong man sonne of a Captaine of those parts called Sauignon a man of a good shape strong vigorous and of great courage whom he hath brought into France to make report vpon his returne of that which he hath seene This Country by the report of the said Champlein is one of the fairest Countries of the world much tilled abounding with chase Deere and Fish Vines Hempe good Roots Walnut-trees Chestnut-trees Plumtrees and others There are store of Beuers along this Lake but the Inhabitants doe burne them as here wee burne Hogges and so by that meanes that haire and wooll which we goe so farre of and with so many perils to seeke for is lost There are Beasts great and small differing from ours and Horses as the said Sauignon hath shewed vs by the neighing But I dare not giue for currant that which Monsieur de Monts hath recited vnto me that these Nations haue tame Beares which they teach to carry them vpon trees for want of ladders They haue Forts such as they of Virnia haue which are great inclosures with trees ioyned together in forme like a Pale and within those inclosures are houses made two or three stories high The lower and higher parts doe serue for the men when they must defend themselues from the assalts of their enemies For in the lower parts there are big Bowes for the bending of which the strength of six men is required and they haue Arrowes that knocke downe men Aboue they haue murthering holes or battlements from whence to fling or cast stones and also to shoote with Bowes when they will hit their enemies a farre off In the middle roomes are the women which faile not in doing that helpe which their sexe may affoord And in this middle story they lay vp their Corne and other prouisions Champlein promiseth vs neuer to giue ouer vntill he haue pierced as farre as to the Western Sea or that of the North to open the way of China in vaine by so many thought for As for the Western Sea I beleeue that at the farther end of the greatest Lake which is very far beyond that whereof we spake of in this Chapter there will be found some great Riuer which will fall into the same or issue from it as doth that of Canada and neuer into the said Westerne Sea And as for the Northerne Sea there is hope to come neere to it by the Riuer of Saguenay there being but small distance from the head of the said Riuer to the said Sea It is now fit to speake of Monsieur de Poutrincourt a Gentleman of long time resolute in these actions who hauing made his preparation at Diepe set saile the 25. of February 1610. with a number of honest men and Artificers This Nauigation hath bin very tedious and troublesome for from the beginning they were driuen within sight of the Azores and from thence almost continually beaten with contrary windes by the space of two moneths during which time as idle people doe commonly occupie their spirits in euill some by secret practises durst conspire against their Captaine whom notwithstanding the said Poutrincourt according to his accustomed clemency did pardon Hauing made a reuiew of that coast he came into Port Royall where he brought much consolation to the Sauages of that place As for the buildings they were found all whole except the couering and euery parcell of houshold stuffe in the same place where they were left The first care that the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt haâ— was for the tillage of the ground and to dispose it to receiue the seede of corne for the yeare following which being finished hee would not neglect that which belonged to the spiritualty and whereunto the chiefest arme of his trauailes did tend which was to procure the saluation of those poore sauage and barbabarous people After necessary instruction giuen they were baptized vpon Saint Iohn Baptist his day the foure and twentieth of Iune 1610. to the number of one and twenty persons to euery one of which was giuen the name of some great or notable person of these parts 1. Membertou great Sagamos being aboue an hundred yeares of age was baptized by Sir Iesse Fleche Prieste and named by Monsieur de Poutrincourt Henry after the Kings name 2. Actaudinech third Sonne of the said Henry Membertou was by the said Poutrincourt named Paul aâ—ter the name of Pope Paul 3. The wife of the said Henry was named by the said Poutrincourt after the Qâ—eenes name that is to say Marie 4. Mombertocoichis alias Iudas elder sonne to Membertou being aboue sixety yeares old was alâ—o baptized and by Monsieur de Biencour named Lewes after the name of my Lord the Daulphin c. Membertou chiefe Sagamos of these Countries moued with a religious zeale but without knowledge saith that he will denounce open wars against all them that will refuse to become Christians Shortly after these spirituall regenerations Monsieur de Poutrincourt his son was sent backe into France to take a new charge In doing whereof he certified the Queene what had bin done in those Christenings whereby she receiued a marueilous contentment But this one things is to be noted that though the Nauigation were tedious in going yet in the returne it was very short for being come to the fishing banke which is fiftie leagues on this side New-found-land he was brought in a fortnight into France in which time they commonly make their returne Vpon the Banke they heare the newes of our good Kings death whose soule resteth with God and whose posterity we pray God to blesse The Author reports another Voyage 1611. by the Lord of Sant Iust but I haue haste to the English Plantation for whose sake these are published there being no great matter of history of those parts therein As for the Articles of a Societie concluded and the names of those which entred therein till we haue greater effect thereof I shall not trouble you with the recitall thereof CHAP. IX The first plantation of English Colonies in Virginia briefely mentioned SIr Walter Raleigh a man more famous then happy had obtained of Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory a Patent
for they had lost in fighting and by drowning aboue foure hundred men and of the English were slaine about a hundred Sir Richard Greenfield himselfe being wounded in his braine whereof afterwards he died He was borne into the Sâ—ip called the Saint Paul wherein was the Admirall of the Fleete Don Alonso de Barsan there his wounds were drest by the Spanish Surgeons but Don Alonso himselfe would neither see him nor speake with him all the rest of the Captaines and Gentlemen went to visite him and to comfort him in his hard fortune wondring at his courage and stout heart for that he shewed not any signe of faintnesse nor changing of coloâ—r But feeling the houre of death to approach he spake these words in Spanish and said Here dye I Richard Greenfield with a ioyfull and quiet minde for that I haue ended my life as a true Souldier ought to doe that hath fought for his Countrey Queene Religion and honour whereby my Soule most ioyfull departeth out of this body and shall alwayes leaue behinde it an euerlasting fame of a valiant and true Soldier that hath done his duetie as hee was bound to doe When he had finished these or such other like words he gaue vp the Ghost with great and stout courage and no man could perceiue any true signe of heauinesse in him This Sir Richard Greenfield was a great and a rich Gentleman in England and had great yearely reuenewes of his owne inheritance but he was a man very vnquiet in his minde and greatly affected to warre in so much as of his owne priuate motion he offered his seruice to the Qâ—eene He had performed many valiant acts and was greatly feared in these Ilands and knowne of euery man but of nature very seuere so that his owne people hated him for his fiercenesse and spake very hardly of him for when they first entred into the Fleete or Armado they had their great saile in a readinesse and might possibly enough haue sailed away for it was one of the best Ships for saile in England and the Master perceiuing that the other Ships had left them and followed not after commanded the great saile to be cut that they might make away but Sir Richard Greenfield threatned both him and all the rest that were in the Ship that if any man laid hand vpon it he would cause him to be hanged and so by that occasion they were compelled to fight and in the end were taken He was of so hard a complexion that as hee continued among the Spanish Captaines while they were at dinner or supper with him hee would carouse three or foure Glasses of Wine and in a brauery take the Glasses betweene his teeth and crash them in peeces and swallow them downe so that often times the bloud ran out of his mouth without any harme at all vnto him and this was told me by diuers credible persons that many times stood and beheld him The Englishmen that were left in the Ship as the Captaine of the Souldiers the Master and others were dispersed into diuers of the Spanish Ships that had taken them where there had almost a new fight arisen betweene the Biscaines and the Portugals while each of them would haue the honour to haue first boorded her so that there grew a great noise and quarrell among them one taking the chiefe Ancient and the other the Flagge and the Captaine and euery one held his owne The ships that had boorded her were altogether out of order and broken and many of their men hurt whereby they were compelled to come into the Iland of Tercera there to repaire themselues where being arriued I and my chamber-fellow to heare some newes went aboord one of the Ships being a great Biscaine and one of the twelue Apostles whose Captaine was called Bertandono that had bin Generall of the Biscaines in the fleete that went for England He seeing vs called vs vp into the Gallery where with great curtesie he receiued vs being as then set at dinner with the English Captaine that sat by him and had on a sute of blacke Veluet but he could not tell vs any thing for that he could speake no other language but English and Latine which Bartandono also could a little speake The English Captaine that he might come on land with his weapon by his side and was in our lodging with the Englishman that was kept prisoner in the Iland being of that ship whereof the sailers got away as I said before The Gouernour of Tercera bad him to dinner and shewed him great curtesie The Master likewise with licence of Bartandono came on land and was in our lodging and had at the least ten or twelue wounds as well in his head as on his body whereof after that being at Sea betweene Lisbone and the Ilands he died The Captaine wrote a Letter wherein he declared all the manner of the fight and left it with the English Merchant that lay in our lodging to send it to the Lord Admirall of England The English Captaine comming to Lisbone was there well receiued and not any hurt done vnto him but with good conuoy sent to Sentuual and from thence sayled into England with all the rest of the Englishmen that were taken prysoners The Spanish Armie staied at the Iland of Corus till the last of September to assemble the rest of the Fleete together which in the end were to the number of one hundred and forty sayle of Ships partly comming from India and partly of the Army and being altogether ready vnto saile to Tercera in good company there sodainly rose so hard and cruell a storme that those of the Iland did affirme that in mans memory there was neuer any such seene or heard of before for it seemed the Sea would haue swallowed vp the Ilands the water mounting higher then the Cliffes which are so high that it amaseth a man to behold them but the Sea reached aboue them and liuing fishes were throwne vpon the land This storme continued not onely a day or two with one winde but seuen or eight dayes continually the winde turning round about in all places of the compasse at the least twice or thrice during that time and all alike with a continuall storme and tempest most terrible to behold euen to vs that were on shore much more then to such as were at Sea so that onely on the Coasts and Clifts of the Iland of Tercera there were aboue twelue Ships cast away and not onely vpon the one side but round about it in euery corner whereby nothing else was heard but complaining crying lamenting and telling here is a ship broken in peeces against the Cliffes and there another and all the men drowned so that for the space of twenty dayes after the storme they did nothing else but fish for dead men that continually came driding on the shore Among the rest was the English ship called the Reuenge that was cast away vpon
windes and distraction of our Company as who was most armed and best prepared was not a little shaken For surely Noble Lady as death comes not so sodaine nor apparant so he comes not so eluiâ—â— and painfull to men especially euen then in health and perfect habitudes of body as at Sea who comes at no time so welcome but our frailty so weake is the hold of hope in miserable demonstrations of danger it makes guilty of many contrary changes and conflicts For indeede death is accompanied at no time nor place with circumstances euery way so vncapable of particularities of goodnesse and inward comforts as at Sea For it is most true there ariseth commonly no such vnmercifull tempest compound of so many contrary and diuers Nations but that it worketh vpon the whole frame of the body and most loathsomely affecteth all the powers thereof and the manner of the sicknesse it laies vpon the body being so vnsufferable giues not the minde any free and quiet time to vse her iudgement and Empire which made the Poet say Hostium vxores puerique caecos Sentiant motus orientis Haedi Aequoris nigri fremitum trementes Uerbere ripas For foure and twenty houres the storme in a restlesse tumult had blowne so exceedingly as we could not apprehend in our imaginations any possibility of greater violence yet did wee still finde it not onely more terrible but more constant fury added to fury and one storme vrging a second more outragious then the former whether it so wrought vpon our feares or indeede met with new forces Sometimes strikes in our Ship amongst women and passengers not vsed to such hurly and discomforts made vs looke one vpon the other with troubled hearts and panting bosomes our clamours dround in the windes and the windes in thunder Prayers might well be in the heart and lips but drowned in the outcries of the Officers nothing heard that could giue comfort nothing seene that might incourage hope It is impossible for me had I the voyce of Stentor and expression of as many tongues as his throate of voyces to expresse the outcries and miseries not languishing but wasting his spirits and art constant to his owne principles but not preuailing Our sailes wound vp lay without their vse and if at any time wee bore but a Hollocke or halfe forecourse to guide her before the Sea six and sometimes eight men were not inough to hold the whipstaffe in the steerage and the tiller below in the Gunner roome by which may be imagined the strength of the storme In which the Sea swelled aboue the Clouds and gaue battell vnto Heauen It could not be said to raine the waters like whole Riuers did flood in the ayre And this I did still obserue that whereas vpon the Land when a storme hath powred it selfe forth once in drifts of raine the winde as beaten downe and vanquished therewith not long after indureth here the glut of water as if throatling the winde ere while was no sooner a little emptied and qualified but instantly the windes as hauing gotten their mouthes now free and at liberty spake more loud and grew more tumultuous and malignant What shall I say Windes and Seas were as mad as fury and rage could make them for mine owne part I had bin in some stormes before as well vpon the coast of Barbary and Algeere in the Leuant and once more distresfull in the Adriatique gulfe in a bottome of Candy so as I may well say Ego quid sit ater Adriae noui sinus quid albus Peccet Iapex Yet all that I had euer suffered gathered together might not hold comparison with this there was not a moment in which the sodaine splitting or instant ouer-setting of the Shippe was not expected Howbeit this was not all It pleased God to bring a greater affliction yet vpon vs for in the beginning of the storme we had receiued likewise a mighty leake And the Ship in euery ioynt almost hauing spued out her Okam before we were aware a casualty more desperate then any other that a Voyage by Sea draweth with it was growne fiue foote suddenly deepe with water aboue her ballast and we almost drowned within whilest we sat looking when to perish from aboue This imparting no lesse terrour then danger ranne through the whole Ship with much fright and amazement startled and turned the bloud and tooke downe the braues of the most hardy Marriner of them all insomuch as he that before happily felt not the sorrow of others now began to sorrow for himselfe when he saw such a pond of water so suddenly broken in and which he knew could not without present auoiding but instantly sinke him So as ioyning onely for his owne sake not yet worth the sauing in the publique safety there might be seene Master Masters Mate Boateswaine Quarter Master Coopers Carpenters and who not with candels in their hands creeping along the ribs viewing the sides searching euery corner and listening in euery place if they could heare the water runne Many a weeping leake was this way found and hastily stopt and at length one in the Gunner roome made vp with I know not how many peeces of Beefe but all was to no purpose the Leake if it were but one which drunke in our greatest Seas and tooke in our destruction fastest could not then be found nor euer was by any labour counsell or search The waters still increasing and the Pumpes going which at length choaked with bringing vp whole and continuall Bisket and indeede all we had tenne thousand weight it was conceiued as most likely that the Leake might be sprung in the Bread-roome whereupon the Carpenter went downe and ript vp all the roome but could not finde it so I am not able to giue vnto your Ladiship euery mans thought in this perplexity to which we were now brought but to me this Leakage appeared as a wound giuen to men that were before dead The Lord knoweth I had as little hope as desire of life in the storme in this it went beyond my will because beyond my reason why we should labour to preserue life yet we did either because so deare are a few lingring houres of life in all mankinde or that our Christian knowledges taught vs how much we owed to the rites of Nature as bound not to be false to our selues or to neglect the meanes of our owne preseruation the most despairefull things amongst men being matters of no wonder nor moment with him who is the rich Fountaine and admirable Essence of all mercy Our Gouernour vpon the tuesday morning at what time by such who had bin below in the hold the Leake was first discouered had caused the whole Company about one hundred and forty besides women to be equally diuided into three parts and opening the Ship in three places vnder the forecastle in the waste and hard by the Bitacke appointed each man where to
stored with abundance and plentie in England continuall wasting no Husbandry the old store still spent on no order for new prouisions what better could befall vnto the Inhabitants Land-lords and Tenants of that corner then necessarily following cleannesse of teeth famine and death Is it not the sentence and doome of the Wiseman Yet a little sleepe a little slumber and a little folding of the hands to sleepe so thy pouerty commeth as one that trauelleth by the way and thy necessitie like an armed man And with this Idlenesse when some thing was in store all wastfull courses exercised to the heigth and the headlesse multitude some neither of qualitie nor Religion not imployed to the end for which they were sent hither no not compelled since in themselues vnwilling to sowe Corne for their owne bellies nor to put a Roote Herbe c. for their owne particular good in their Gardens or elsewhere I say in this neglect and sensuall Surfet all things suffered to runne on to lie sicke and languish must it be expected that health plentie and all the goodnesse of a well ordered State of necessitie for all this to flow in this Countrey You haue a right and noble heart worthy Lady bee iudge of the truth herein Then suffer it not bee concluded vnto you nor beleeue I beseech you that the wants and wretchednesse which they haue indured ascend out of the pouertie and vilenesse of the Countrey whether bee respected the Land or Riuers the one and the other hauing not only promised but powred enough in their veines to conuince them in such calumnies and to quit those common calamities which as the shadow accompanies the body the precedent neglects touched at if truely followed and wrought vpon What England may boast of hauing the faire hand of husbandry to manure and dresse it God and Nature haue fauourably bestowed vpon this Country and as it hath giuen vnto it both by situation height and soyle all those past hopes assurances which follow our well planted natiue Countrie and others lying vnder the same influence if as ours the Countrey and soyle might be improued and drawne forth so hath it indowed it as is most certaine with many more which England fetcheth farre vnto her from elsewhere For first wee haue experience and euen our eyes witnesse how yong so euer wee are to the Countrie that no Countrey yeeldeth goodlier Corne nor more manifold increase large Fields wee haue as prospects of the same and not farre from our Pallisado Besides wee haue thousands of goodly Vines in euery hedge and Boske running along the ground which yeelde a plentifull Grape in their kinde Let mee appeale then to knowledge if these naturall Vines were planted dressed and ordered by skilfull Vinearoones whether wee might not make a perfect Grape and fruitefull vintage in short time And we haue made triall of our owne English seedes kitchen 〈◊〉 and Rootes and finde them to prosper as speedily as in England Onely let me truely acknowledge they are not an hundreâ— or two of deboist hands dropt forth by yeare after yeare with penury and leisure ill prouâ—ed for before they come and worse to be gouerned when they are here men of such distempeâ—â—d bodies and infected mindes whom no examples daily before their eyes either of goodnesse 〈◊〉 punishment can deterre from their habituall impieties or terrifie from a shamefull death â—hat must be the Carpenters and workemen in this so glorious a building Then let no rumour of the pouerty of the Couâ—â—ry as if in the wombe thereof there lay not those elementall seedes which could produce 〈◊〉 many faire births of plenty and increase and better hopes then any land vnder the heaueâ— to which the Sunne is no neerer a neighbour I say let no imposture rumour nor any fame of â—ome one or a few more changeable actions interposing by the way or at home waue any â—â—ns faire purposes hitherward or wrest them to a declining and falling off from the businesse I will acknowledge deere Lady I haue seene much propensnesse already towards the vnity and generall endeauours how câ—â—tentedly doe such as labour with vs goe forth when men of ranke and quality assist anâ—â—et on their labours I haue seene it and I protest it I haue heard the inferiour people with alacrity of spirit professe that they should neuer refuse to doe their best in the prâ—â—tise of their sciences and knowledges when such worthy and Noble Gentlemen goe â—n and out before them and not onely so but as the occasion shall be offered no â—â—â—e helpe them with their hand then defend them with their Sword And it is to be vnderstood that such as labour are not yet so taxed but that easily they performe the same and e 〈…〉 by tenne of the clocke haue done their Mornings worke at what time they haue theâ— allowances set out ready for them and vntill it be three of the clocke againe they take their owne pleasure and afterwards with the Sunne set their dayes labour is finished In all which courses if the businesse be continued I doubt nothing with Gods fauour towards vs but to see it in time a Countrie an Hauen and a Staple fitted for such a trade as shall aduance assureder increase both to the Aduenturers and free Burgers thereof then any Trade in Christendome or then that euen in her earely dayes when Michael Cauacco the Greeke did first discouer it to our English Factor in Poland which extenus it selfe now from Calpe and Abila to the bottome of Sidon and so wide as Alexandria and all the Ports and Hauens North and South through the Arches to Cio Smyrna Troy the Hellespont and vp to Pompeys Pillar which as a Pharos or watch Tower stands vpon the wondrous opening into the Euxine Sea From the three and twentieth of May vnto the seuenth of Iune our Gouernour attempted and made triall of all the wayes that both his owne iudgement could prompe him in and the aduise of Captaine George Percy and those Gentlemen whom hee found of the Counsell when hee came in as of others whom hee caused to deliuer their knowledges concerning the State and Condition of the Countrey but after much debating it could not appeare how possibly they might preserue themselues reseruing that little which wee brought from the Bermudas in our Shippes and was vpon all occasions to stand good by vs tenne dayes from staruing For besides that the Indians were of themselues poore they were forbidden likewise by their subtile King Powhatan at all to trade with vs and not onely so but to indanger and assault any Boate vpon the Riuer or stragler out of the Fort by Land by which not long before our arriuall our people had a large Boate cut off and diuers of our men killed euen within command of our Blocke-house as likewise they shot two of our people to death after we had bin foure and fiue dayes come in and yet would
conscience vse our owne all things to the pure are pure which others cannot whose conscience being pitchy all things it toucheth are defiled and not as some haue turned libertie into licentiousnesse with a bad conscience take away that which is anothers Christ came not to destroy the Law of which one Commandement is Thou shalt not steale My Kingdome saith hee is not of this world and therefore properly medleth not with proprietie and ciuill interests The weapons of our warfare saith Saint Paul are not carnall but spirituall and the Keyes so much boasted on by Peters pretended Successors are called Keyes of the Kingdome of Heauen lawfull keyes not thieuish picklocks of Heauen not of Earth And it is remarkable that neither Pope nor Anabaptist the troubles of Israel with worse then Heathenish conceits in this kind euer inuerted or interuerted Scepters till they had denied the very Christian name which they receiued in Baptisme nor dispised gouernment till they were twice dead nor promised this libertie to others till themselues were the seruants of corruption Euen a Malefactor a Traytor a very Faux or Rauiliac is permitted to breath yea is in prison the Kings house whereof no priuate hand may dispossesse him maintained at the Kings charge till iudgement haue passed on him which to the world is not till the end of the world when Christ shall come to iudge the quick and dead who once so respected the iurisdiction of Ethnickes that himselfe was thereby adiudged to the worst of sufferings yea acknowledged that power giuen to Pilat from aboue His Birth acknowledged Augustus his Edict his Infancy fled Herods tyranny his Man-hood payd Tiberius tribute and his Death was Roman both in kind and sentence Let euery soule be subiect to the higher powers yeelded those noble armies of Martyrs in the Primitiue Church the contrary whereof hath yeelded Mastiues and Monsters in these last and worst dayes Therefore was Babels building in the East and shall not Babel bable building in the West be confounded that men might bee dispersed thorow the world to take possession of their inheritance and God which said Replenish the earth hath made of one bloud all Nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth and hath determined the times and bounds of their habitation Hee gaue Ar to the children of Lot and the Land of the Horims to Esaus posteritie though not with like circumstances as Canaan to Israel and it was by speciall indulgence that Israel both spoiled the Egyptians and disherited the Canaanites Let it bee enough that Christ hath giuen vs our selues in the Lords seruice to bee a perfect freeman the Vniuerse in an vniuersall tenure and Heauen in reuersion that hath giuen his Sonne doth giue his Spirit will giue himselfe that all things are ours and wee Christs and Christ Gods without thoughts of inuasion and vsurpation knowing that Christian Charity seeketh not her owne things much lesse obtrudes on others and Christian libertie maketh liberall Saints of naturall men not vnnaturall deuills of professed Saints Our Light should so shine before others that they may see our good workes that they which know not the world may bee won without the Word in admiring our Christian conuersation This should be and in the most Aduenturers I hope is the scope of the Virginian Plantation not to make Sauages and wild degenerate men of Christians but Christians of those Sauage wild degenerate men to whom preaching must needs bee vaine if it begins with publike Latrocinie And this is sufficient to preuent scruple of the Popes Bul which if Basan Buls roaring were euidence maketh as wel against England this being no lesse questionable then Virginia Paul Pius Gregory Sixtus breathing as much fire against this as Alexander for that But what right can England then challenge to Virginia I answere that we would be loth to begin our right at wrong either to Ethnick or Christian nor need we hauing so manifold and iust interests First as men we haue a naturall right to replenish the whole earth so that if any Countrey be not possessed by other men which is the case of Summer Ilands and hath beene of all Countries in their first habitations euery man by Law of Nature and Humanitie hath right of Plantation and may not by other after commers be dispossessed without wrong to human nature And if a country be inhabited in some parts therof other parts remaining vnpeopled the same reason giueth liberty to other men which want conuenient habit 〈…〉 〈◊〉 seat themselues where without wrong to others they may prouide for themselues For these haue the same right vnto these latter parts which the former had to the former especially where the people is wild and holdeth no settled possession in any parts Thus the holy Patriarks remoued their habitations and pasturages when those parts of the world were not yet replenished and thus the whole world hath been planted and peopled with former and later Colonies and thus Virginia hath roome enough for her own were their numbers an hundred times as many and for others also which wanting at home seeke habitations there in vacant places with perhaps better right then the first which being like Cain both Murtherers and Vagabonâ—s in their whatsoeuer and howsoeuer owne I can scarsly call Inhabitants To question this right were to accusâ— almost all Nations which were rocked for the most part in no other cradle and to disappoint also that Diuine Ordinance of replenishing the Earth whose habitations otherwise would be like scattered Ilands in the Seas or as the present Spanish Plantations in the Indies so dispersed and disioyned that one cannot in any distresse succour another and therefore are made an easier prey to euery Inuader Another right is that of Merchandise Non omnia possumus omnes Nec vero terrae ferre omnes omnia possunt God in manifold wisedome hath diuesified euery Countries commodities so that all are rich and all poore not that one should be hungry and another drunken but that the whole world might be as one body of mankind each member communicating with other for puâ—like good He hath made this immutable decree in the mutabilitie of the Winds commodities commodiousnesse of Seas and Harbors varietie of Baies and Riuers multiplicity of all Mens both Necessities and Superfluities and their vniuersall desires of Nouelties Thus Salomon and Hiram had right to sayle ouer the Ocean and to negotiate with the Ophirians for Gâ—mmes Gold Ivory and other commodities seruiceable for his peoples necessities for pompous Magnificence and for the Temples Holies And if hee did not plant Colonies there you must remember that the Iewish Pale was then standing which prohibited voluntarie remote dwellings where each man was thrice a yeere to appeare before the Lord in Ierusalem Besides it is a question whether the Countrey peopled so long before had roome for such Neighbours It is therefore
be perswaded to follow his Admirall and his consorts But thrusting himselfe rashly in amongst the Spaniards those mighty Vessels being a Sea-boord and some of them getting into the weather of him so becalmed all his sayles as that hee could not vse the benefit of working vpon a wind to his best aduantage nor free himselfe of them when hee would but was clapt aboord by two or three of them where to redeeme his errour seeing hee had brought himselfe so vndiscreetly into a desperate worke he very resolutely fought and made long resistance to the great annoyance and lesse of the Assaylants But in the end being shaken and beaten to sitters with their great Ordnance and oppressed with the multitude of them comming in fresh vpon him was by mayne force mastered and yet disdaining to yeeld for that hee had receiued his deaths wound in the fight sought by all meanes to haue blowne vp his Ship by setting fire on his owne Powder 〈…〉 e and therewithall to haue destroyed as many of the Spaniards as lay aboord him but by the care of his Captaine whose name was Laughorne was withstood and preuented Aright antient Roman resolution but somewhat too much varying from the true Christian Religion to draw a violent and sudden death on so many soules for the better gracing of his particular errour And in this sort by his owne wilfulnesse brought he one of the Royall Nauie into the power and possession of the Spaniards which during all the Warres neuer before nor after they could obtaine And a faire grace of God it was that his fond example had not inticed more of them at the same time to the like folly and ruine Now the best that hee could hope for was after the exchanging of some great shot with them to haue come of againe if hee could A brauery to small purpose for to subdue them was not in the power of all the English if they had beene as many more in all likelihood and reason Vpon which grounds wise Commanders ought to build their resolutions before they put themselues to the hazard of battaile Besides in truth it was a very insolent and disorderly part for a Vice-Admirall being a man of his yeeres and experience so wilfully without cause against all discretion to vary from his Admiralls course and from the opinion of all his Consorts onely to bid himselfe voluntarily to so foolish and bitter a banquet wherein hee could be but lost And hard would it be for Generalls and Chiefe Commanders to fulfill their Instructions or satisfie that which is expected at their hands if they should be drawne on or ingage themselues by the vaine example of euery one that is carryed with a headdy humour to follow his owne wilfull conceit For so was that noble Paulus Aemilius and the Roman Armie with him lost at the Battaâ—le of Cannas in being constrained to second the foolish brauery of Varro his rash Colleague And in the like vnaduised desperate sort did that valiant Duke of Yorke Richard Plantagenet Father to Edward the Fourth wilfully cast away himselfe when with fiue thousand men onely contrary to the perswasiens and counsell of all his friends out of the pride of his brauery hee would needs sally out of his Castle of Sandall and giue battaile to the Queenes Army that was twenty thousand strong whereby his weake forces were quickely defeated at Wakefield and himselfe slaine with his young sonne the Earle of Rutland It is said to bee the dutie of a great Captaine to seeke victory with as little losse to himselfe as may bee and more military discipline shewed in making a faire and safe retrait then in giuing a furious and desperate charge The experience whereof was well seene in that gallant Souldier Sir Iohn Noâ—â—is who wan as much Honour and Fame by that braue and well ordered retrait which hee 〈◊〉 beforâ— Gaunt as in any one piece of seruice that euer hee did We had also fresh in our memories a Sea experiment of the very like tragicall successe of Sir Richard Greenfield in the like rash attempt of Peter de Strosse Admiral of a French Fleet against a mightie Spanish Nauy commanded by the Marquesse of Sancta Cruce at these Ilands Where this Strosse out of a wilfull brauery contrary to the better aduice of all his Captaines and Masters hauing alreadie landed many braue troupes of Frenchmen in the Ilands as assistant to Don Anthonio named King of Portugall vpon the first view would needes lay the Marquesse and the Spanish Fleet aboord being compassed of mightie huge Gallions and the French but slender nimble Ships By which vnequall match and foolish daring he was beaten downe 〈…〉 ght all his Nauie destroyed sauing the Count Brysack and a few others of better iudgement that would not follow his vaine course and himselfe being taken prisoner was aliue most despitefully torne and drawne asunder with two Ships Thus lost he himselfe and his honour brought many gallant Gentlemen and Soâ—â—diers to a butcherly execution and vtterly thrust Don Anthonio from the possession of the Iles of Asores and confounded all those braue French troupes which a little before he had placed in them But in another manner and with better successe were our affaires gouerned in the yeere 88. when that mightie Fleet of Spaine which they termed inuincible came to inuade vs. For then I remember amongst other good discipline and instructions for the Sea fight it was straitly ordained that none of our Ships should voluntarily if they could by any meanes auoid it lay any Spaniards aboord but alwayes to sight with them vpon aduantage and indeauour by all meanes to keepe into the weather of them and so leaue or take as occasion serued they comming to inuade and our end only to keep them from landing The which direction was so well ebserued as that this inuincible Fleet for all their force and powerfull appearance proued at last inuisible left many of their Ancors and good Ships behind them got not nor sunke any one of ours but being sore gauled and beaten with this manner of fight and greatly affrighted with fire and such like stratagems were at last glad to packe away as fast as they could out rt the backe doore I meane by the North Seas round about Scotland and Ireland wherein they found a miserable and tedious flight neuer hauing gotten so much as a dish of our fresh water nor euer landed one man except prisoners vpon our Coast. Now if our Admirall the Lord Charles Howard had beene a wilfull Commander standing vpon those vaine glorious termes of boording and assaulting the enemy and not haue proceeded by counsell and policie temperately then had he done that which the Spaniards expected and desired their Ships being fit for the purpose and comming to boording and handy fight might very well haue distressed vs and so haue hazarded both the Nauie and the Kingdome together But this noble Lord as hee
a Citie in the West Indies taken by the English its description aire dewes greatnesse Church want of Glasse-windowes doores standing of their Quire in the lowest part of the Church 1144. Fortification 1165. Healthinesse ibid. Its situation 1169 And fortification 1418 Saint Iohns head the easterly part of Port-Ricco 1169 Captaine Iohn Smith his discoverie of Russels Iles Point-Ployer and Limbo Iles in Virginia 1712. His entertainment by the Savages with courtesic and trcacherie his mens desire of returne 1713. His many Savage bickerings endanger by a stinging Fish and safe returne 1714. His setting forth againe and encounter with the Savages 1714 1715. The loue hee received from Mosco that Savage ibid. His fight with the Tapahonecks 1716. His great tempests yet safe returne 1716. His assuming the presidencie of Virginia 1716. His opposition by the Councell iourney to Powhatan onely with foure 1717. His strange entertainment ibid. His provision for Nansamund proiect for Powhatan and setting forth 1720. His discourse and passages with Powhatan 1721 1722. His escaping death amidst his treacherous vassals ibid. His abuse by some treacherous Dutchmen 1723. His great danger with fifteene men by a multitude of Indians ibid. His valiant evasion and forcing them to composition captinating their King in the midst of them ibid. 1724. His poysoning by the Vassals of Powhatan and escape 1725. His death plotted by Dutchmen his escape encounter and captivating the King of Paspahigh and other bickerings 1726. His progresse in the plantation hinderance and desire of remouall thereof 1727 1728. His hatred by vpstart plantationers escaping their plots and revenge on them 1729. His suppressing mutinies appeasing concluding peace endanger by powder 1730 1731. His endanger of murther grieuous torture returne for England and the cause with the consequents 1731 1732. His accusers and accusation 1731. His innocencie 1732 Master Iones his endeuours furthering the plantation of New-England 1867 Ippoa a place neere the great Iland in America 1212 Irasing a place seven leagues from Mexico 1414 Irocois Savages in Canada 1607 Their River and manner of fortification with stakes 1612. Their further description provision and townes and warres with their vanquishment and affrighting with a musket-shot 1643 Iron extolled aboue gold 1814 Isla del Gallo an Iland 1444 Itshuera a towne of the Caribes one dayes iourney from the head of the River Marwin 1285 Saint Iuan de Lua achiefe part in Noua Hispania 1432 Iuan de Ofnate his discoverie of the North from old Mexico his armie and preparation 1563. His losse and revenge of his Nephew his building a towne and possession for Spaine 1566 Iuan Fernandes Ilands their situation and plenty 1393 Iucatan how so called 1455. The inhabitants tortured and consumed by the Spaniards 1581 1582 1583 Iumanos Indians 1561 Saint Iuo de Vllua a Port towne 1418 Iuana the second Iland in Orenoque 1248 Ixtatlan a place in New-Spaine 1558 Iyanough a Governour among the Savages of Pechanochick 1853 Saint Izabella one of the Iles of Salomon 1447 K. KAiwaire a towne inhabited by the Careebees in the River Marwin in America 1283 Kebec a place in New-France wherein was a plantation of the French begun by Capt. Champlaine 1642. The naturall fruit and commodities thereof ibid. Kecoughtan a towne of Savages in Virginia 1687. The inhabitants maner of entertainment dancing Orations 1687 Kenebek a towne vnder the Dominion of Apomhamen in Mawooshen 1874 Ketangheanycke a town vnder the Sagamos Octoworth 1875 Capt. Keymish his voyage to Guiana 1269 Kiarno a towne of the Sauages 1286 Kietitan a god of the Savages 1862 Kine very strange in Brasile living in water without hornes or vdders 1243. Kine strange neere Quiuira with bunched backs 1561 A Kings distinction from others among the Amazons is by a crowne of feathers a woodden sword or a chaine of Lyons teeth 1288 Kings bodies how bestowed after death by the Peruans before the Spanish conquest 1464 Kings dying among the Floridan Indians and Tartarians two yong men are slaine to wait vpon them in the next world 1553 King Iames his name nothing respected among the Spaniards 1834. His faithfulnesse to the Queene of England his wise answere to her Embassadour 1912. His gracious letters to the Earle of Southhampton touching the Silke-wormes and Silke-grasse in Virginia 1787 I0 King Englishman one that lived fifteene yeares at Santos 1203 Kimbeki a River in New-France 1625 Knaw-saw an Iland how situate 1184 Knights how chosen and created among the ancient Emperours of Peru and who thought worthy of Knighthood 1474 Kniuets adventures accidents 1192 He finds a chest of Rials 1203. Loseth his toes by frost 1204. Narrow scaping death 1205 1206. His danger by a Sea-Monster 1207. Eateth Whale 1207. His escaping all his fellowes slaine 1207. His comming to the River Ianero and escaping from drowning by a woman his life there 1208. His slaverie in a Sugar-mill nakednesse shame and flight to the wildernesse his life there 1208. His perill by a Savage 1208. By a Sharke-fish 1209. His disastrous flight and wracke 1209. In danger of starving ibid. His imprisonment condemnation pardon 1210. His wounding the Factor flight iourney and fortune 1210. His fearfull travels through the wildernesse and manifold dangers there 1210 1211. His returne to his old master after many perils 1212. Kils a great dangerous Snake 1215. Is stocked and brought to execution saved 1216 Passeth in a weake vessell through a River that ran vnder-ground 1217. His escape all his fellowes devoured ibid. His nakednesse 1218. Returne againe to his Portingall Master his danger ibid. 1219. His adventure vnder-water 1220. His escape and voyage to Angola in Africa his sending backe againe ibid. His plot and dangerous discoverie 1221. Saveth his master from drowning ibid. Is imprisoned 1222. Escapeth drowning 1223. Ariveth at Lisbon his sicknesse there 1224. One and twenty times let blood 1225. His recoverie imployment and imprisonment ibid. Kniues and Hatchets deare sold amongst the Indians 1229 1208 A Knife bought eight women 1249 Kuskara waock a river in Virginia the inhabitants thereof 1694 L. LAbour well imployed hath its reward one time or other 1832 La Buena Ventura an vnhealthy place in Peru 1446 La Canela a Country in Peru 1415 Lacana a miserable towne in Florida 1553 Laguada a towns in Port-Ricco 1170 Lake of a hundred leagues in length 1644 A Lake wondrous great 1612. A Lake of 80 leagues 1614. Many others ib. 1615. One of three hundred leagues 1616. La Loma de Camana a very fertile soyle in America the description thereof 1420 La Mocha an Iland in America 1443 Lampere a fortified Citie of the Carios in the Indies taken by the Spaniards 1352 Lancerota the town and Castle taken by the Earle of Cumberland 1151 1155. It is one of the greatest Ilands of the Canaries 1155 The chiefe towne in it described 1156. The inhabitants armes situation commodities latitude their severall haruests Church Religion ibid. Language of Savages 1237. A thousand languages of Savages
ariuall at seuerall Floridan towns or cottages his weaknesse and losse of his company 1550. his hinderance by the losse of Iohn Oâ—tiz his dangerous passages ouer riuers and snowes his courteous entertainment by the Inhabitants of Nilco 1551. his distresse griefe sicknesse death praise titles and substituting Luis de Moscoso in his roome 1552 Soory-soory a towne inhabited by Sauages neere Marwin in America 1283 Soule the Brasilians opinion thereof 1290. the opinion of the Indians of Canada 1610 South-sea passage hoped through Uirginia 1822 South Sea discouered more largely then heretofore 1566 Souricoua a riuer in Canada passable with Canoas 1616 1617 Soynoone a towne of the Indians neere Marwin riuer 1285 Spaine is said to yeeld the King the King himselfe Dukes Marquises and F 〈…〉 rle with their retinue excepted 〈◊〉 from 18 〈…〉 re old to 50 but 1125390 men pag 1817 Spaniards how esteemed of by the Floridans 1524 Spanish pretended cures of the sicke in the Indies 1515. Spanish possession of Peru and its wealth 1495 1496. they eate one another 1512. Spaniards vnspeakable treasure in Peru 1487 Spaniards preaching to the Indians 1485. Spaniards Ecclesiasticall reuennues in the Indies want of Bishops holding Councels the Kings reuennues yearely out of the Indies twelue Millions and whence it issueth 1422. Spanish destruction of some Indians from off their country altogether 1415 Spanish Fleet for the Indies and shipwracke 1440. Spaniards trecherously circumuent the inhabitants and King of Peru 1445. Spanish cruelty to their prostrate slaues 1448. Spaniards came to the Indies for conuerting but not of Indians but gold to their owne vses 1449. Spanish ciuill disagreements in Peru 1453. vsage of the inhabitants 1453 1454. Spaniards called by the Indians Vitacochie that is Sea-froth supposing such could not bee borne of a woman 1454. Spaniards losse of foure ships 1142. Spanish Galleons taken 1144. Spaniards assault and repulse 1149. Spaniards yeela to the English 1164. their enuy or desperatenesse 1166 Spaniards best ruled with seuerity 1168 their vngratefull trechery 1177. their perfidious insulting cruelty 1178 and abuse of the English in Mexico ibid. et 1179. Spanish distresse in Chili 1476 1477. Spaniards very rich in the Indies 1242. Spanish attempts defeated 1475. they are called in Triaidada Conquerabians 1247. Spaniards dare not but by stealth trafficke with the English the best things for trafficke with them 1266. they are molested by the Caribes 1281. their taking Lampere an Indian fortified towne 1352. Spaniards like to be deuoured by the Indians 1354. their fight and ouercomming them 1355 1356. they striue to discouer the Amazons 1359. Spanish cruelty and trechery towards the harmlesse Indians 1354 1360 1361. they destroy the Indians called Mapais 1362 1363. Spoyles of Spaniards in Peru 1478. Spanish ciuill disagreements in the Indies 1364. Spanish periurie 1378. a trecherous and vngratefull Spaniard issue 1394. Spanish light with the English vnequally 1404 Spanish discipline in fights by sea their seuerall offices and authoritie their prying and imitating English orders 1404. their carefulnesse in being armed 1408. wherein they onely ouercome the English ibid. a noble Spaniard 1410. Spaniards carelesnesse for good Surgeons in fights 1412. Spanish intelligence by trecherous Englishmen 1415. Spanish forces how strong or weake in seuerall places of Peru and thereabout their treasure when where and whence conueyed into Spaine 1419 1420. the Spaniards liues and gouernment in the Indies 1421. their courtesie and conuersion of them as they call it 1448. their hatred of gold 1449 1454. Spaniards why called Viracoche 1458. Spaniards ransacking of our English ships putting the men to most cruell bondage 1834. the Spaniards cruelty to the dead carkasse of an Englishman holding him to hee a Lutheran 1835. They deny to doe iustice are very willing the English should serue their state ibid. They betray and take prisoner the men of Captaine Legat 1836. Spanish pride and its issue in an Indian Gouernour 1677. Spanish ships of great worth sunke neere Tercera comming from the Indies 1673. another ship of good strength sunke by an Englishman of a great deale smaller force ibid. Spanish ships taken by the English ibid. Spanish ships riches and shipwracke of some 1673. Spanish Fleet cast away great and rich 1674. Others taken ibid. Spanish cowardise and insulting cruelty 1675. Spaniards smart for the crueltie and dissention with the English 1676. Spaniards queld by the English 1677. Spanish shipwracke a iust plague vpon them 1679 1680. Spanish infidelity worse then Pagan 1527. Spanish manner of preaching to the Indians with the issue thereof 1528. Spaniards eate dogs in Florida and there dye like dogs for want of victuals 1536. Spaniards thinke it a worke meritorious to conuert the Indians that is with the sword 1558. Spaniards contest each with other for superiority in discouering forraine Countries 1560. Spaniards first discouery of the Indies and possession thereof their cruelty and couetousnesse related by a Fryer the Millions of Indians slaine by them for their gold 1569 1570. Spanish cowardise and cruelty in broyling burning drowning and twenty wayes else murdering them of Hispaniola 1570. seq Spanish torturing vndeserued by the harmlesse Indians hauing not committed any thing against them punishable by the law of man 1572. Spanish slaughter of a million in St. Ihon and Iamaica 1573. Spanish inuention to dispeople those Nations ibid. The Spaniards god 1574 Spaniards kill many in Cuba men women and children 1573 1574. Spaniards dispeopling Terra Firma 1576. They murther in the Prouince of Nicaragua 500000 men 1576 1577. Spaniards kill two or three millions in Noua Hispanis and its seuerall Prouinces 1577 1578. an infinite number in Guatimula 1576. Spanish Anthropophagi 1580. Spanish torturing and destroying the Indians in Panucha Machuachan and Xalisco 1580 1581 of Yucatan 1581 1582 1583. Spaniards sell the Indians Idols 1583. deuoure the Indians of S. Martha ibid. 1584. as also of Cartagena 1584 of the Coast of Pearles the Coast of Paria and the I le of Trinitie 1585 1586 1587. Indians how vsed at Sea by Spaniards and at landing 1586. at the fishing for Pearles 1587 Spanish gluttony 1588. Cruelty in Yuiapari and Venesula to the ruine of foure or fiue millions of Indians 1587 1588. in Florida Riuer de la Plata and the kingdomes of Peru 1589 1590 1591. Spanish conuersion of the Indians how weakely followed 1594. their diuers feats of cruelty and inhumanity to the poore Christians of New Granado and the seuerall prouinces thereof 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595. Spanish gold thirstinesse and thence issuing blood-thirstinesse of the Indians 1596 1597. Spanish reformation of cruelties and wrongs in the Indies ought to bee performed and vpon what reasons 1598 1599 1600 1601 1692. a repetition of sundry butcheries ibid. Spanish reasons mouing them to a possession of the Indies 1603. Spanish crueltie hath kild and destroyed in all the Indies 20 millions ibid. Spaniards massacre the French in Florida and plant themselues 1604. are massacred again by the