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A66045 An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins ... Wilkins, John, 1614-1672.; Wilkins, John, 1614-1672. Alphabetical dictionary. 1668 (1668) Wing W2196; Wing W2176_CANCELLED; ESTC R21115 531,738 644

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over Consequent from the Vnion of the Aliment to the body and its improving thereby 6. NOURISHING Nutrition maintain Nutriment GROWING come up increase improve thrive Spring Proficient Vnion or disunion of the Body and Soul 7. LIVING Life quick alive enliven vivifie revive survive vital Resurrection DYING Death dead-ly mortal fatal dy decease depart expire give up the ghost defunct kill slay mortifie dispatch Slaughter Mortality capital II. Corporeal ACTIONS belonging to SENSITIVE Bodies may be distinguished into such as are either More principal and natural denoting the kinds of natural Appetite together with such Actions as tend to the satisfying of them relating to the Preservation of the Individuum as to the desire of Nourishment for the supply of Decays and that either by Food or Meat 1. HUNGER Appetite Stomach eager greedy ravenous Famine sharp-set EATING devour gorging fall to Meal Repast Refection Food Meat Aliment edible Viands Victuals fall to ones Meat Liquor 2. THIRST dry DRINKING Potion potulent potable quaff soop soaking lap swill carouse sip tipple bibble guzzle Draught Drench Water Butler Buttery Cellar Rest and refreshment after labour and weariness comprehending the Appetite or inclination after this or the Satisfaction of such Appetite consisting in a cessation from all Actions of the outward Senses by a relaxation of the Nerves 3. DROWSINESS Heaviness SLEEPING asleep dormant a Nap lull Slumber narcotic roost State supposed belonging to this Appetite or the Satisfaction of it denoting the general Action of the Senses or the working of the Fancy in sleep 4. WAKING awake watch Reveiles raise from sleep DREAMING Propagation of the Species 5. LUST Salacity Lechery Venery Concupiscence libidinous carnal fleshly blissom clicket proud COITION coupling gendring lie with know carnally Copulation rutting tread venery Less principal and preternatural referring to several affections of the Touch and different kinds of Pain being either Proper to the Skin and outward parts caused by an agitation of some thin Vapours stopped in their expiration which is remedied by such a kind of affriction with an edge as doth open the Pores that the Vapors may transpire 6. ITCHING SCRATCHING Scraping clawing Scalping-iron Common to other parts and caused by Distention or compression of the parts or sharpness of humours 7. AKING Ach. PRICKING Crick pungent sharp Stitch. Diss●pation of the Spirits in the softer parts by a light touch or corrosion of the membranous parts 8. TICKLING Titillation SMARTING piercing Obstruction either in the Nerves or Muscles causing ‖ some vellications in the Nerves or a hot pungent pain in the Muscles 9. TWITCHING Vellication Pinching TINGLING III. The Corporeal ACTIONS peculiar to Men or the several wayes of expressing their mental Conceptions are either by Articulate sounds considered according to The general name together with the privation of it 1. SPEAKING talk utter-ance mentioning Elocution pronounce express deliver Prolation Spokes-man effable voluble fluent say tell mutter mumble jabber jargon vein Grammar Rhetoric Oratory Eloquence Prolocutor nuncupative by word of mouth MVTENESS dumb speechless silent blank tongue-tied The defects of speaking as to ‖ the continuity of speech or the prolation of some particular letters 2. STUTTERING Stammering falter hammer LISPING The degrees of loudness in speaking either ‖ without any vocal sound or with much noise 3. WHISPERING mutter round in the ear EXCLAMATION Acclamation hollow hoot hoop shout baul clamor cry Lure Out-cry roar screech scream squeak squeal loud lift up ones voice set out ones throat The particular kinds of speaking referring To such words as we see before us either ‖ more perfect or imperfect 4. READING Lecture Lesson legible peruse SPELLING To the manner of ordering our voice according to musical Tunes either ‖ the more perfect or the more imperfect attempt 5. SINGING Song Ditty Ballad Carol Canticle Lay Ode Madrigal Eclogue canorous Modulation chant Chorister Quire CHIRPING questing quittle The several relations of speaking when we say that to another which we expect should be ‖ repeated or written by him 6. DICTATING prompting suggest ENDITING Figures representing either words or things and made either ‖ immediately by mens hands or by the impression of Types 7. WRITING penning drawing engrossing Hand Manuscript subscribe superscribe inscribe transcribe Postscript interline indorse scrawle scrible rude draught Pen-man Scribe Writer Scrivener Secretary Clerk Note Ticket Docket Short-hand Tachygraphy Brachygraphy Cryptography set ones hand set down take or put in writing enter into book write out fair PRINTING Imprint Impression typographical Type Press put in Print IV. The OUTWARD SIGNS OF our inward PASSIONS are either More peculiar to some single Passions as to Admiration or Sating Straining the ‖ eyes or the brows 1. STARING MOVING THE BROWS Love or Hate expansion or contraction of the Muscles of the Face 2. SMILING sm●rking snearing simper LOWRING powting scowling frowning grinning look sowre Mirth or Sorrow 3. LAUGHING deride ridiculous giggle chuckle tihi flicker WEEPING mourn cry Tears wailing Plaint bemoan bewail lament blubber shed tears whining Desire or Aversation scruing the body or wagging the head 4. WRIGLING MOVING THE HEAD Nodd. Hope or Fear expressed either by the Body or parts of it being ‖ moved once and quick or oft and continuedly or deprived of motion 5. STARTING flinching TREMBLING quaking shaking shudering Trepidation quivering shiver quaver chatter RIGOR Horrour Stifness Breath ‖ emitted short and quick or emitted slow and long or sucked up suddenly 6. HUFFING snuff puff SIGHING Sobbing SVCKING up the breath sniff Confidence and Diffidence or Boldness and Despair setting the hands against the sides or heaving up the shoulders 7. KEMBOING SPANISH SHRUG Anger or Revenge by emission of the breath either ‖ vocal but not articulate or articulate but not distinctly intelligible 8. GRONING GRUMBLING More common to several Passions by discolouring the countenance ‖ with a greater degree of Redness then doth belong to the natural hue appertaining either to Joy Love Desire but chiefly to Shame or else with Whiteness belonging to those more violent perturbations of Grief Anger c. but chiefly to Fear 9. BLUSHING flush PALENESS wan ghastly pallid appale V. The general notions belonging to DEMEANOUR Carriage Comportment Deportment Garb behave or the manner of our conversing towards one another in respect of such Corporeal Actions as either custom or common opinion hath put a decency and fitness upon are considerable either according to the More general kinds denoting The endeavour to express our respect to others by ‖ going to them or staying by them or for them 1. VISITING go to see WAITING Attend-ance serve Retinue Train Valet Page Lacquey stay for tarry for tend The congress or meeting of others in respect of ‖ our applying our selves to them or their receiving or using of us 2. ADDRESSING accost ENTERTAINING treat entreat usage reception welcome The kinds of gesture or words signifying respect 3. SALUTATION caressing accost greet hail commendations More special kinds consisting in Gestures At a distance by bowing of the
tail and then thrusting himself forward or else skipping forward 7. GEOMETRA SKIPPING WORM Many feet amongst which the most common and numerous kind have fourteen feet ‖ whether those that are smooth or those that are hirsute 8. SMOOTH CATERPILLAR PALMER WORM Bear worm IV. NAKED WINGED INSECTS which in their production do undergo several notations may be distributed into such whose wings are either Membranaceous consisting of a thin transparent film being bred of Maggots or Worms that are Apoda without feet Bigger Favificous or making of Combs in which multitudes of them do co-habit and breed having four wings whether such as are Beneficial by their gathering of Hony and Wax from Plants ‖ either that which is of a more oblong figure the males of which called Drones are without stings being commonly preserved in Gardens or that which is more short thick and hairy living more wildly in lesser swarms 1. BEE Drone Hive Comb. HUMBLE-BEE Hurtful by their destroying of fruits Bees c. being of an oblong figure and a yellow colour ‖ either the less of a lighter yellow or the greater of a deeper yellow 2. WASP HORNET Not favificous having Four wings whether such as in their shapes resemble Bees or Wasps 3. BEE-LIKE FLY WASP-LIKE FLY Two wings ‖ whether that of a short thick body of various bignesses and colours proceeding from an oblong round Aurelia feeding on flesh or that of a yellowish colour and longer legs feeding on dung 4. FLESH FLY DUNG FLY Lesser living gregarioussy ‖ either that of an oblong body with a deep incisure having four wings of which there are many that at sometimes are without wings or that of a more slender body a tuft on the head living near watery places having but two wings 5. ANT Emmet Pismire GNAT Pedata having six feet whether those of Broad wings ‖ either that which hath a great head a long strait proboscis lying under the belly making a loud noise by the help of two stiffe membranes that are upon his breast or that which hath a near resemblance to a Butterfly in respect of the largeness of the wings but only they are not farinaceous or erect 6. CICADA PAPILIONACEOUS FLY Narrow wings being bred out of the water ‖ either of a naked hexapod Worm or of one that lives in a case to which little sticks and straws do adhere 7. DRAGON FLY Bolts-head MAY FLY Long legs having but two wings 8. CRANE FLY Shepheards fly Farinaceous wings being covered with a mealy substance easily coming off upon a touch which in the Microscope appears to consist of small downy feathers as the most ingenuous Mr. Hook hath first discovered whether such whose wings in the usual posture are Erected standing upright upon their backs being of great variety for colours and magnitudes distinguishable into these two common kinds such as appear by day or by night 9. BUTTERFLY MOTH Compressed lying more flat on the body the wings being more short and strong and the tail more broad 10. HAWK BUTTERFLY V. SHEATHED WINGED INSECTS commonly called Beetles or Scarabs may be distributed into such whose coverings are more Thick strong and horny whether those that are accounted Horned having either One horn the greater the biggest of this tribe the horn turning downwards or the lesser being one of the smallest of this tribe having Antennae on each side of his snout or horn which together represent the Greek letter ψ breeding amongst and devouring Corn. 1. RHINOCEROTE WEEVILL Two horns Stiffe without joynts whether branched like those of a Stagg or not branched like those of a Bull. 2. STAG BEETLE BULL FLY BEETLE Limber and with joints improperly called horns being Antennae or feelers ‖ either that whose Antennae are very long and reversed over his back or that which hath knobbed feelers not so long 3. GOAT-CHAFER KNOBBED HORN'D BEETLE Not horned Terrestrial having Longer coverings for their wings The greater Of a dark blackish colour whether that which is most common or that other of near resemblance to this having serrate legs using to roul Dung into little balls by working backwards with his hinder feet 4. COMMON BEETLE DUNG BEETLE Of a lighter colour ‖ either that of a russet colour living in Trees having a long sharp tail extended beyond the wings or that of a shining green feeding on Roses 5. DORR Grey Beetle GREEN CHAFER The lesser ‖ either that of a long slender body frequent about houses making a noise like the minute of a Watch by striking the bottom of his breast against his belly or that of a more short round figure living in the fields being either wholly red or sometimes spotted with black 6. DEATH WATCH LADY-COW Shorter coverings not reaching half the length of their bodies which are long and slender having forked tails which they turn up in their defence ‖ the greater which is black or the less which is of a reddish colour 7. STAPHILINUS EARWIGG Aquatic ‖ either the greater living under water having the hinder pair of legs longer for swimming being said to fly out of the water sometimes in the night or the less of a gibbous round shining back playing on the top of the water 8. GREAT WATER SCARAB LE●S WATER SCARAB Thin weak and flexile of more oblong bodies ‖ either that which is of a green gilded shining colour used for Causticks or that which shines in the night 9. CANTHARIS GLOW WORM FLY VI. The greater sort of EXANGUIOUS ANIMALS being CRUSTACEOUS may be distributed into such whose figure is more Oblong The greater having Naked shells of a dark brown colour ‖ either that which hath four pair of legs and two great claws or that which hath no claws but five pair of legs the feelers somewhat compressed being thorny on the back 1. LOBSTER LONG OISTER Downy shell having a broad head with two short broad laminate prominencies from it five pair of legs and no claws 2. SEA BEAR The lesser living in Fresh water resembling a Lobster but much less of a hard shell 3. CRAYFISH Crevice Salt water having a thinner shell being of a pale flesh colour ‖ either that of a sharper tail the two fore-legs being hooked and not forcipate or that which hath a broader longer tail with two purple spots upon it being the greater 4. SHRIMP Prawn SQUILLA MANTIS Shells of other Sea Fishes having besides two claws and two pair of legs hanging out of the shell two other pair of soft hairy legs within the shell 5. HERMIT FISH Souldier Fish Roundish comprehending the Crab-kind whose bodies are somewhat compressed having generally shorter tails folded to their bellies The Greater having Thick strong short claws the latter of which hath serrate prominencies on the side of the claws somewhat resembling the Comb of a Cock. 6 COMMON CRABB SEA-COCK Slender
Direct when it ‖ goes as it should or runs its head in the wind more or less then it should 6. KEEPING A WIND GRIPING FALLING TO THE LEEWARD Lateral when it ‖ doth lean too much on one side or doth turn too much on each side 7. HEELING seeling ROLLING ECCLESIASTICAL RELATION UNder this Head of ECCLESIASTICAL RELATION Clergy Spiritual Church are comprehended the several Notions and respects belonging to a Church-state By Church is meant a Society of men as agreeing in the same kind of inward apprehensions of and external demeanour towards the Divine Nature to which may be opposed the word TEMPORAL Civil Humane Secular Lay Prophane Notions of this kind may be distinguished into such as do denote KINDS OF RELIGION I. Persons in regard of their ECCLESIASTICAL CALLINGS II. STATES OF RELIGION III. Actions belonging to WORSHIP IV. DISCIPLINE V. INSTITUTIONS VI. I. That habit of reverence towards the Divine nature whereby we are inabled and inclined to serve and worship him after such a manner as we conceive most acceptable to him is called RELIGION Piety Godliness The Privation of which is styled ATHEISM Irreligion Impiety Men are distinguished by their kinds of Religion into such as Are wholly without any revelation of the true God and his Worship but that knowledge which they have is either Simple from the dictates of mere Reason 1. NATURAL RELIGION Mixed and corrupted with the worship of false gods 2. PAGANISM Heathenism Ethnic Infidel Gentil Painim Have revelations or pretend to them whether by Moses in which they rest 3. JUDAISM Iudaical Iew. Christ and his Apostles added to Moses 4 CHRISTIANITY Mahomet superadded to the rest 5. MAHOMETISM Turcism II. Those who apply themselves to the businesses of Religion as their particular Calling may be stiled ECCLESIASTICAL PERSONS Clergy Churchman spiritual Hierarchy To which may be opposed TEMPORAL Lay-ic civil secular prophane These may be distinguished into such as are Injoyned being set apart to some peculiar function in the Church and by way of office devoted to assist in the duties of Religion whether such as were in use Before the Law being ‖ the chief Administrators of religious Services as Masters of Families or such others as then and since were extraordinarily called and gifted to foretell future things 1. PATRIARCH PROPHET ical divine prophesie foretell presage prognosticate Prediction Seer Sibyl Vnder the Law ‖ appointed for the principal works of divine Service or such as were subordinate and assistant to them 2. PRIEST LEVITE ical Vnder the Gospel being either Temporary ‖ who were first indued with the power of Miracles of whom there were onely twelve or such others as these took in for their help to travel up and down for the spreading of Christianity 3. APOSTLES ical EVANGELISTS ical Gospel Permanent and to be continued whether More principal denoting the chief Ecclesiastical Officer ‖ of a Province with several Cities or some particular City and the Territory adjoyning 4. PRIMATE Arch bishop Metropolitan Mufty Patriarch Province BISHOP Prelate Ordinary Episcopal-acy Suffragan Superintendent Pontificial Diocess See Cathedral Mitre Crosyer Hierarchy Less principal such as are ‖ the chief Officers of particular Parish-churches or others subordinate and assistant to these 5. PRESBYTER Priest Elder Minister Incumbent Curate Chaplain Parson DEACON Minister Not injoyned but voluntary to be further distinguished according to the General name denoting those that are under a vow of Poverty Coelibate and obedience to their Superiours to whom may be adjoyned for affinity such others as oblige themselves to certain offices with them 6. REGULAR Religious Person order rule PENITENTS Confraternity Convert Particular kinds such as live either ‖ together in Society or alone by themselves 7. MONK Frier-ry Nunn-ery Novice Abbot Abbess Abby Prior-ry General Provincial Gardian Monastic Monastery Minster Cloister Covent Society Cowle Father HERMIT Anchorite Cell Recluse III. Persons considered according to their several STATES and Conditions in respect OF RELIGION may be distinguished either by their Faith and Iudgments whether ‖ true or false as to the essential points of Religion 1. ORTHODOX Believer HERETIC al Heresie Miscreant Charity to and communion with the body of those that agreee in the same Profession or being the faulty cause of the breach of such Communion 2. CATHOLIC Communicant Communion Son of the Church SCHISMATIC Schism-atical Sect-ary Recusant Separate Suffering upon the account of Religion being either Great but not unto Death 3. CONFESSOR Great unto Death To which may be opposed the inflicter of sufferings upon account of Religion 4. MARTYR dom PERSEQUUTOR Eminent degrees of ‖ Religiousness or Irreligiousness 5. SAINT Hero-ical canonize SCANDAL ous profligate Offence Former state in respect of the several terms from which and to which men are changed either ‖ from bad to good or from good to bad 6. CONVERT Proselyte regenerate reclaim turn come over APOSTATE Back-slider Renegado Defection revolt draw back turn forsake fall away relapse Fugitive Tergiversation IV. That inward and outward reverence whereby we acknowledge the Esteem due to the Superiority and Excellency of another together with the two extremes of this viz. Redundant when men give this to such things as they ought not for the Matter or in such a degree as they ought not for the Measure and Deficient when men do either contemn or neglect sacred things and duties are styled WORSHIP Adoration Veneration Devotion devout Liturgy Divine service Mattins Vespers Even-song SUPERSTITION Bigot PROPHANENESS Impiety impious ungodly The more special acts of Worship may be distinguished into such as are more Ordinary and constant whereby we Apply our selves to God whether more General whereby we ‖ address to him for relief in all our wants and fears upon the belief of his infinite Goodness and Power or making solemn and religious promises to him 1. PRAYER Invocation Collect Orizon Oratory Ejaculation call upon VOW Votary devoted Special whereby we do either ‖ Acknowledge our own faults and deserts or intreat his favour and help 2. CONFESSION acknowledge Shreeve PETITION supplicate sue beg Litany crave request Supplyant Bedes-man Boon Return our acknowledgements to him for the good things we enjoy either ‖ more general or by Singing 3. THANKSGIVING praise magnifie extol Grace PSALM Hymn Anthem Instruct others publicly or excite them to religious duties either ‖ in a more continued solemn Discourse or by the asking and answering of Questions in the plainest manner about the most necessary points of Religion 4. PREACHING Homily Sermon Postil Pulpit CATECHISING Catechism Occasional relating unto Solemnities of ‖ joy or sadness 5. FESTIVITY Festival Holy-day High-day Sabbath Iubilee Wake genial good time FASTING Humiliation Ember-week Lent Vigil Eve Ritual Offices observed amongst Christians pertaining to Entrance into the state of Wedlock or dissolving of that state 6. MARRIAGE Wedd-ing Matrimony nuptial Bride-groom Hymen DIVORCE Return into the Congregation after Parturition 7. CHURCHING Actual taking upon themselves the Obligation made by their