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death_n body_n dead_a live_v 7,751 5 5.7544 4 false
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A34839 Myotomia reformata, or, A new administration of all the muscles of humane bodies wherein the true uses of the muscles are explained, the errors of former anatomists concerning them confuted, and several muscles not hitherto taken notice of described : to which are subjoin'd a graphical description of the bones, and other anatomical observations : illustrated with figures after the life / by William Cowper, Surgeon. Cowper, William, 1666-1709. 1694 (1694) Wing C6700; ESTC R28571 97,302 335

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as_o be_v represent_v ddee_o fig._n x._o they_o spring_n with_o two_o distinct_a original_n from_o the_o lowerside_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la whence_o stretch_v forward_o meet_v each_o other_o leave_v a_o interstice_n before_o their_o conjunction_n in_o which_o the_o urethra_n f_o be_v convey_v where_o they_o leave_v the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la they_o be_v each_o cover_v with_o a_o membrane_n and_o be_v afterward_o join_v to_o each_o other_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o septum_fw-la intermedium_fw-la the_o septum_fw-la intermedium_fw-la which_o the_o near_a it_o approach_v the_o glans_fw-la be_v more_o diminish_v ah_o and_o fig._n xiii_o before_o it_o arrive_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o penis_n its_o fibre_n ascend_v from_o the_o urethra_n b_o to_o the_o dorsum_fw-la penis_n de_o fig._n twelve_o fig._n x._o like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o comb_n as_o de_fw-fr graaf_n have_v well_o observe_v but_o be_v not_o obliterated_a and_o the_o two_o cavernous_a body_n unite_v near_o the_o glans_fw-la as_o he_o will_v persuade_v we_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a rather_o grow_v thick_a and_o narrow_a a_n as_o ruysch_n have_v well_o observe_v fig._n xiii_o in_o inflation_n the_o wind_n i_o confess_v may_v sometime_o pass_v from_o these_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o penis_n to_o that_o of_o the_o urethra_n which_o yet_o will_v not_o always_o happen_v which_o communication_n depend_v on_o the_o mediation_n of_o their_o blood_n vessel_n as_o our_o last_o name_v author_n also_o take_v notice_n anatomist_n differ_v their_o internal_a substance_n lib._n v._o cap._n fourteen_o concern_v the_o internal_a constructure_n of_o these_o cavernous_a body_n vesalius_n accuse_v galen_n for_o his_o inadvertency_n herein_o columbus_n first_o observe_v their_o artery_n lib._n seven_o de_fw-fr cord_n &_o arter_n which_o proceed_v straight_o to_o their_o extremity_n disperse_v themselves_o into_o innumerable_a branch_n which_o escape_v the_o observation_n of_o former_a anatomist_n as_o he_o write_v dr._n whorton_n imagine_v they_o be_v partly_o compose_v of_o glandulous_a flesh_n other_o conceive_v they_o be_v intertext_v with_o divers_a nerve_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o nervosa_fw-la be_v first_o impose_v on_o they_o diemerbroeck_n suppose_v they_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a texture_n of_o vessel_n intricate_o interweave_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o net_n as_o bauhinus_n riolan_n and_o veslingius_n imagine_v but_o their_o substance_n be_v fibrous_a fungous_n and_o cavernous_a like_o the_o lung_n receive_v into_o their_o hollow_a interstices_n blood_n and_o spirit_n from_o the_o vessel_n that_o be_v disperse_v through_o their_o substance_n the_o inquiry_n i_o have_v make_v inform_v i_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a analogy_n between_o the_o internal_a structure_n of_o this_o and_o that_o of_o the_o spleen_n which_o columbus_n also_o remark_n in_o both_o lib._n xi_o cap._n xv_o which_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vein_n have_v large_a aperture_n or_o cell_n which_o most_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o bulbus_n of_o a_o dog_n penis_n de_fw-fr but_o in_o a_o humane_a one_o fig._n xuj_o they_o be_v here_o much_o less_o and_o large_a in_o the_o spleen_n and_o do_v also_o open_v into_o each_o other_o wherefore_o when_o the_o refluent_a blood_n be_v stop_v the_o penis_n become_v equal_o distend_v thereby_o and_o it_o be_v drive_v forward_o towards_o the_o glans_fw-la when_o its_o muscle_n contract_n under_o these_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la urethrae_n penis_n lie_v the_o urethra_n b_o which_o have_v fig._n twelve_o also_o its_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la differ_v very_o much_o in_o figure_n from_o that_o of_o the_o two_o former_a they_o be_v less_o at_o each_o end_n and_o largest_n in_o the_o middle_a whereas_o this_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v there_o lest_o and_o largest_n at_o its_o two_o extreme_n neither_o be_v its_o proper_a tegument_n so_o dense_n the_o superior_a part_n of_o it_o lie_v between_o the_o two_o crura_fw-la of_o the_o former_a we_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n bulbus_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o it_o be_v bulbus_n musculus_fw-la accelerator_fw-la urinae_fw-la cc_o describe_v fig._n twelve_o chap._n iii_o it_o possesles_fw-mi the_o lower_v part_n e_z of_o the_o urethra_n d_o fig._n fourteen_o extend_v itself_o in_o the_o perinaeum_fw-la and_o be_v divide_v in_o cut_v for_o the_o stone_n in_o which_o operation_n caution_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v to_o its_o artery_n which_o enter_v that_o part_n of_o the_o bulb_n towards_o the_o anus_fw-la lateral_o it_o have_v also_o a_o septum_fw-la intermedium_fw-la it_o be_v septum_fw-la a_o though_o not_o hitherto_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o anatomist_n divide_v the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o bulbus_n a_o from_o the_o left_a which_o descend_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bulbous_a part_n be_v there_o obliterated_a the_o office_n of_o this_o septum_fw-la we_o conceive_v be_v to_o direct_v the_o refluent_a blood_n to_o the_o export_a duct_n its_o two_o vein_n mention_v before_o as_o this_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la descend_v on_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o urethra_n d_o it_o be_v lessen_v e_o but_o when_o it_o approach_v fig._n fourteen_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o two_o former_a it_o again_o dilate_v itself_o and_o cover_v they_o compose_v that_o body_n which_o we_o call_v glans_fw-la or_o balanus_n a_o which_o the_o glans_fw-la fig._n twelve_o de_fw-fr graaf_n have_v mistake_v for_o a_o fleshy_a substance_n distinct_a from_o either_o this_o ruysch_n have_v well_o describe_v and_o figure_v in_o his_o abovementioned_a century_n of_o observation_n its_o cell_n c_o in_o the_o fig._n xiii_o glans_fw-la b_o be_v much_o less_o than_o those_o of_o the_o former_a but_o towards_o its_o superior_a part_n or_o bulbus_n a_o they_o equal_a them_o fig._n fourteen_o have_v already_o describe_v the_o muscle_n of_o this_o part_n we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o it_o become_v erect_v galen_n and_o the_o former_a anatomist_n not_o know_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o that_o it_o past_a from_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n be_v extreme_o deceive_v in_o their_o idea_n of_o the_o erection_n lib._n xi_o cap._n xv_o of_o the_o penis_n columbus_n who_o have_v give_v a_o almost_o complete_a description_n of_o that_o grand_a work_n still_o conceive_v the_o artery_n of_o this_o part_n pour_v out_o spirit_n with_o a_o great_a force_n into_o it_o by_o lib._n i_o g._n xxxii_o which_o mean_v its_o extend_v caspar_n bauhin_n suppose_v in_o a_o venerial_a appetite_n the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n flow_v into_o this_o part_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o be_v fill_v like_o a_o gut_n with_o wind_n it_o begin_v to_o swell_v and_o grow_v hard_a which_o he_o imagine_v be_v do_v by_o a_o sphinct_a muscle_n constr_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o root_n of_o its_o cavernous_a body_n de_fw-fr graaf_n assign_v two_o kind_n of_o vessel_n with_o its_o muscle_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o office_n the_o nerve_n by_o which_o the_o animal_n spirit_n flow_v into_o its_o membranous_a part_n and_o render_v they_o more_o rigid_a and_o tumid_a and_o the_o artery_n carry_v blood_n to_o distend_a the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la for_o as_o he_o reason_n we_o be_v firm_o persuade_v the_o chief_a extension_n of_o the_o penis_n be_v from_o blood_n first_o by_o inject_v water_n into_o its_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la by_o its_o artery_n in_o a_o dead_a body_n we_o see_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o same_o dimension_n as_o when_o the_o animal_n be_v live_v second_o in_o firm_o tie_v a_o dog_n penis_n in_o coitu_fw-la and_o afterward_o examine_v it_o we_o find_v nothing_o but_o blood_n to_o distend_v it_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o in_o criminal_n which_o hang_v long_o after_o death_n this_o part_n become_v erect_v the_o blood_n in_o that_o position_n of_o the_o body_n fall_v to_o the_o inferior_a part_n and_o by_o inflate_v the_o blood_n vessel_n of_o a_o dead_a animal_n it_o will_v also_o erect_v which_o we_o first_o practise_v in_o a_o human_a body_n by_o insert_v a_o blow-pipe_n into_o the_o saphena_n vein_n whereby_o it_o be_v not_o only_o erect_v but_o afford_v a_o prospect_n of_o the_o external_n disposition_n of_o its_o blood_n vessel_n particular_o its_o vein_n which_o suggest_v to_o we_o a_o contrivance_n in_o nature_n in_o this_o action_n which_o have_v hitherto_o escape_v the_o reflection_n of_o anatomist_n de_fw-fr graaf_n not_o consider_v the_o use_n of_o the_o adjacent_a part_n assign_v its_o erection_n to_o its_o muscle_n imagine_v that_o by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o their_o belly_n they_o not_o only_o compress_v the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la and_o drive_v the_o contain_v blood_n towards_o the_o glans_fw-la but_o likewise_o the_o passage_n through_o which_o it_o ordinary_o flow_v back_o which_o latter_a we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v in_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o penis_n itself_o since_o the_o musculi_fw-la erigentes_fw-la be_v
artery_n in_o dead_a animal_n that_o be_v a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o insinuate_v themselves_o qua_fw-la da_fw-la tur_fw-la porta_n these_o cell_n become_v distend_v by_o it_o hence_o also_o a_o account_n may_v be_v give_v how_o muscle_n be_v excite_v to_o act_v by_o such_o injection_n make_v soon_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o animal_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o these_o contemplation_n compare_v with_o some_o experiment_n i_o afterward_o make_v do_v almost_o tempt_v i_o to_o form_v a_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n but_o reflect_v on_o the_o various_a conjecture_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a writer_n who_o have_v already_o employ_v themselves_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o find_v it_o will_v prove_v a_o work_n of_o more_o time_n to_o refute_v what_o have_v already_o be_v propose_v and_o corroborate_v my_o conjecture_n with_o repeat_v experiment_n than_o i_o have_v allot_v myself_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o former_a anatomist_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o intimate_v structure_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o use_v of_o the_o part_n which_o compose_v it_o place_v the_o power_n of_o contraction_n in_o its_o nerve_n or_o in_o its_o carnous_a fibre_n only_o the_o accurate_a steno_n conceive_v the_o fleshy_a fibres_n and_o opposite_a tendon_n of_o muscle_n to_o bear_v a_o analogy_n in_o their_o constructure_n to_o parallellogram_n imagine_v that_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o their_o areae_fw-la may_v be_v make_v by_o extension_n only_o of_o its_o fleshy_a fibre_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v may_v be_v do_v without_o the_o accession_n of_o new_a matter_n dr._n willis_n pretend_v that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n bring_v by_o the_o nerve_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n which_o join_v with_o other_o particle_n of_o a_o active_a nature_n supply_v from_o the_o blood_n make_v a_o effervescence_n by_o which_o the_o carnous_a fibre_n be_v exagitated_a which_o be_v lax_n and_o porous_a be_v stuff_v and_o become_v corrugate_v hence_o he_o suppose_v the_o whole_a muscle_n be_v also_o contract_a dr._n mayow_o imagine_v the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n may_v be_v make_v by_o a_o effervescence_n arise_v from_o the_o commixture_n of_o sulphureo-salinë_a particle_n secreat_v from_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o nitro-aerious_a one_o transmit_v by_o the_o nerve_n m._n du_n verny_n conjecture_n a_o intumescence_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o carnous_a fibres_fw-fr of_o muscle_n without_o a_o ferment_n suppose_v like_o dr._n willis_n that_o the_o tendon_n be_v storehouse_n of_o spirit_n which_o be_v excite_v by_o new_a one_o from_o the_o brain_n and_o those_o together_o with_o a_o juice_n supply_v by_o the_o artery_n extend_v the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr like_o a_o fiddlestring_n expose_v in_o a_o moist_a air._n dr._n croon_n suppose_v each_o distinct_a carnous_a fibre_n to_o consist_v of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a globule_n or_o little_a bladder_n open_v into_o one_o another_o and_o that_o the_o nourish_v juice_n convey_v at_o large_a among_o the_o carnous_a fibres_fw-fr through_o the_o artery_n by_o the_o constant_a pulse_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v drive_v on_o and_o after_o mix_v with_o another_o liquor_n between_o those_o fibres_fw-es pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o each_o globule_n or_o bladder_n where_o it_o mix_v with_o a_o second_o sort_n of_o matter_n more_o active_a than_o the_o former_a and_o by_o these_o constant_a agitation_n ebullition_n and_o effervescence_n with_o the_o natural_a heat_n he_o imagine_v be_v partly_o the_o cause_n and_o partly_o the_o constant_a assister_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o muscle_n vid._n hook_n philosophical_a collect._n n._n 2._o p._n 22._o joh._n alphonsus_n borellus_n enlighten_v with_o mechanical_a demonstration_n after_o a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o intimate_a structure_n of_o a_o muscle_n conceive_v its_o fibre_n to_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o chain_n of_o divers_a rhombi_fw-la or_o lozenge_n who_o areae_fw-la may_v be_v enlarge_v or_o diminish_v by_o the_o accession_n or_o retrocession_n of_o body_n insinuate_v themselves_o like_o so_o many_o wedge_n into_o it_o and_o these_o he_o think_v be_v a_o nervous_a juice_n instill_a ad_fw-la imperium_fw-la animae_fw-la join_v with_o the_o blood_n or_o lymphe_n whence_o a_o ebullition_n or_o fermentation_n do_v arise_v the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v compare_v with_o that_o above_o mention_v by_o inject_v mercury_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o blood_n bare_o as_o a_o fluid_a be_v a_o assistant_n in_o the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o this_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v by_o make_v a_o ligature_n on_o the_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi of_o a_o live_a animal_n whereby_o all_o the_o inferior_a part_n become_v destitute_a of_o motion_n which_o they_o again_o recover_v by_o lose_v that_o ligature_n and_o admit_v the_o blood_n to_o flow_v again_o into_o the_o muscle_n but_o even_o after_o the_o cessation_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o same_o animal_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n renew_v their_o contraction_n upon_o the_o injection_n of_o water_n only_o into_o the_o crural_a artery_n which_o experiment_n i_o have_v frequent_o repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n hence_o i_o begin_v to_o suspect_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o pondus_fw-la by_o which_o the_o action_n of_o a_o muscle_n be_v perform_v and_o that_o either_o by_o a_o turgescence_n begin_v in_o the_o parietes_fw-la of_o the_o cell_n of_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_n cause_v by_o the_o content_n of_o the_o nerve_n agitate_a ad_fw-la imperium_fw-la animae_fw-la or_o by_o constriction_n of_o the_o venous_a dust_n may_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o replietion_n of_o the_o cell_n whereby_o the_o length_n of_o their_o fibrilla_n be_v lessen_v and_o this_o opinion_n i_o can_v rather_o entertain_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o quadrate_n with_o that_o of_o animal_n of_o de_fw-fr motu_fw-la animal_n borelle_n and_o the_o late_a ingenious_a dr._n 2._o dr._n m._n hook_n philos._n collect._n numb_a 2._o croon_n to_o who_o far_a explication_n i_o refer_v the_o inquisitive_a reader_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la 17_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o testes_fw-la 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o penis_n 31_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o bladder_n of_o urine_n 35_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hairy-scalp_n and_o forehead_n 40_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eyelid_n 43_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n 47_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o nose_n 54_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o li_n 57_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o auricula_fw-la or_o outward_a ear._n page_n 63_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a ear._n 65_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_v or_o bone_n of_o the_o tongue_n 73_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n 78_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n 80_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la 86_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gargareon_o 90_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n 93_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n that_o appear_v the_o body_n lie_v supine_n 98_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n 109_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o appear_v the_o body_n lie_v prone_a 113_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n 116_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n 127_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n 131_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm._n page_n 138_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n 145_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n 152_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o four_o finger_n 155_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thumb_n 166_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o wrist_n or_o carpus_n 171_o chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la 174_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n 178_o chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg._n 192_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o tarsus_n 206_o chap_n xxxv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n 214_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o four_o lesser_a toe_n 218_o book_n print_v for_o samuel_n smith_n and_o benjamin_n walford_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul's-church-yard_n martini_n lister_n m._n d._n &_o s._n r._n s._n exercitatio_fw-la anatomica_fw-la de_fw-la cochleis_fw-la maximè_fw-la terrestribus_fw-la