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A20492 The surueye of the vvorld, or situation of the earth, so muche as is inhabited Comprysing briefely the generall partes thereof, with the names both new and olde, of the principal countries, kingdoms, peoples, cities, towns, portes, promontories, hils, woods, mountains, valleyes, riuers and fountains therin conteyned. Also of seas, with their clyffes, reaches, turnings, elbows, quicksands, rocks, flattes, shelues and shoares. A work very necessary and delectable for students of geographie, saylers, and others. First vvritten in Greeke by Dionise Alexandrine, and novv englished by Thomas Twine, Gentl.; Orbis terrae descriptio. English Dionysius, Periegetes.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613. 1572 (1572) STC 6901; ESTC S112016 35,765 93

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neare thereto The same is the water whiche also parteth Europe from Asie leuing Europe at the West and Asie at the East Forth of it run many springs and streames which falling downe vppon the rockes and valleys of Caucasus doe cause a greate murmur But the larger ryuer whiche glydeth forthe through Scythia and encreaseth muche towarde the Northe with wynde and water carieth downe with it great store of Ise and muche anoyeth the neare dwellers making thē altogyther vnfortunate For so soone as the northern wind beginneth to blow and the colde to encrease immediately they sée before their eyes their horses and Mules fall downe deade and their rudder beastes frosen to death and their cattell which wander in the woods myserably bidding their Maisters farwel with their h●eles vpwarde The men themselues can scarse abyde safe within their inner dennes and houses vnder grounde but starue togither with their beastes vnlesse they obserued a tyme and ioyned their wagons and departed in hast into some more temperate coūtrie leauing their owne to the furious North wynde Such manner of people are they which are alotted to the countries nigh Tanais but the people which dwell neare to the Sauromatae now Sarmatae are called Sidi and Cimmerij and Cercetij with Oretae neare to the Sea Euxinum Also those who as they say de parting frō the riuer Xanthus Simois which rūneth nigh Abydus after y destruction of Troy ▪ wer caried thither by cōtrarie winds draue the Achaei thēce vnto whō y Eniochi Zigii are neyghbours which came also thyther from among the Pelasgi And at the vttermost extremitie of the sea lie the Tyndaridae the Colchi which ioyne to Caucasus who before time came sorth of Egipt where Caucasus ryseth alofte with high tops neare to the streyghts of Hyrcanū wher the riuer Phasis glyding by the backe of Circeum nowe Circellum turneth to the Sea Euxinum But at first it ryseth out of the hill Armenus whyche passing forewarde betwéene the Northe and East maketh a certayne Isthmus included within the Seas Caspium and Euxinum which the Iberes of late haue possessed those I meane whiche departing once from the mountes Pyrrhenaei brake into that part of the East menn● giuen to warlike affairs very hurtful to the Hyrcani their neighboures with whome before they haue hadde cruell warres Then the Tamaritae who not onely receyued Bacchus when he returned with victorie whiche he hadde ouer the Indians but also apoynted vnto him solemne sacrifice dauncing roundes aboute their wyne presses vntill they fome with newe wine They are girded with thonges of lether and weare on them buck●kinnes crying out eho Bacchus eho lyke mad people The Sea Caspium commeth neare vnto them which I truste easly and wyth expedition to discribe if God will giue me grace not as one that hath séene those places by traueling ▪ thether to view the platfourme or situation of thē as many men haue accustomed to doe whiche thinke there is none other felicitie but to heape vp ryches by wandring about the worlde thereby to deck themselues vp wyth Golde to glyster with Pearles and precious stones to adorne their Palaces with sumptuous buildings for so muche as I was neuer instructed by my Parentes in trade of marchandise but like him who from his tender yeares hath ben brought vp in studie of good learning whereby it commeth now to passe that those things whiche are very farre distant I doe beholde as present and can conceyue euery place throughly in my mynde and cogitation without any errour Of the Sea Caspium THe fourme and fashion of the Sea Caspium is suche that it lyeth almost rounde lyke a circle for it is most sure that it rysethe from the Ocean which at the Northe side beateth vpon the shoare of Scythia from whence running foorthe at fyrste through dese●●es and places vnhabited stretcheth forthe to the Southe in very narrowe streits vntill that encreasing more and more in wydenesse at length it approcheth to y foote of mount Caucasus This Sea is nauigable and in that respect very commodious to the countries nigh altimes of the yeare excepting thrée moneths onely in the whiche when the Northe wynde bloweth the coast of the Ocean Sea ryseth agaynst it with wonderfull 〈…〉 It bringeth forthe many things of greate pryce and admyratio● for among dyuerse other whiche come from thence are the Chrystall and Iasper stones whyche being of the coloure of a ch●●h●eass is thought to be good agaynste vayne fantasies and feares in the nyght There dwell nations about it almoste in number infinite But to beginne at that syde which lyeth to the north the fyrst that come to knowlege are the Scythae nowe ●artar● and those especially whiche lys to the sea Saturnium towarde ▪ the mouthe of Caspium Nexte the Vn● then the Caspij themselues and the Albani ▪ who are all of nature wylde and sauage and gréedie of warre and bloudshed The Cadesij dwel among the sharpe mountaynes whose neighbors are the Mardi and so the Hyr●●● and Appi whome the riuer Mardus flowing foorth along by and moystning with his gentle streame watereth also the Dercebii and the Bactrae rūning betwéene them both and falling at length into the Sea Hyrcanum ▪ As for the Bactr●● they inhabite the countrey whiche lyeth at the foote of Parnasus and ●●ghe there aboute The Dercebij in an other place are w●kened with beating of the Caspium sea waues Beyonde whome towardes the Cast on the other syde of Araxis there dwelleth a people called Massagetae whose studie is wholly to wearie and consume themselues wyth shootyng very hurtefall to straungers and not able to kéepe league of fayth or friendshippe wyth theyr neyghboures They knowe not the vse of Corne or Wyne but they drinke mylke myngled with bloude of horses More to the Northe dwell the Chorasmi nexte vnto whome ensueth the lande of Sundia through the mydst of whych rūneth the ryuer Oxus leauing the mount Homolus behinde and hastening into Caspia Then the Saccae whiche dwell chiefly vppon the shoare of the Ryuer Iaxarta a people also verie experte in shooting and so readie therein throughe dayly practise that it séemeth they can be ouercome or matched by none other For they thinks it a great shame if any of them shoote an arrowe negligently and almoste vnwares and hit not the marke Then followe the Tochari and then the Phurij and the Seres nations altogyther barbarous neyther instructed in any kynde of learning neyther gyuen to studie or exercise of any thyng but onely wandring in wylde and deserte places doe gather a certayne floure wherewyth they stayn theyr garments wyth dyuers colours much like to the floures of nettles And their garmentes are wouen wyth so fyne thréed that it is thought they surpasse the spinning of any spider There be also many other nations
and Eurotas doo séeme neyther of them to flowe oute of any sea but rather to spring out of the inner bowels of the earth Alpheus parteth the lande of the Clij Eurotas passeth through the Amyclaei In the middle of the Ilande in a valley at the foote of the hil Erimanthus dwel the Arcades From which hill Melas Crathia and Iaon thrée riuers do fall and also auncient Ladon Nexte vnto these are the Argiui and Lacones whose countreis lye one to the east an other to the southe The sides of this Isthmus as is well knowne are beaten with two seas one on the East parte an other on the West vntill it drawe nearer and narower aboute the places called Sacronida But in syghte of this same Isthmus called Pelopone●us and towarde the east syde thereof boundeth the noble kingdome of A●●ica the n●urce and mother of renoumed ●● and excellente witts whome the diuine water Ilisus passeth by where sometime as Poets do fable Boreas state away his louer Orithya There do the Boetes and the Locri inhabite After this Thessalia and Macedonia are discouered the●e where the snowye toppes of Emeus in Thracia may be séene Ouer directly against that towards the Weste Epirus Dodonea butteth foorth very long and large and so do the Aetolia towards the South through whose middle floweth the riuer Achelous with his siluer sands into the straytes of Tinacria deuiding the Ilands called Echinadae néere vnto the citties of the Cephalleni Eastward lyeth the countrey Phocis whiche stretcheth alōg to the North vnto the mouth of the Thermopylae vnder the toppe of snowy Parnaius Out of whose middle the riuer Zephisus runneth foorthe of a rocke féedeth the countrey nigh wyth perpetuall moysture Then followeth the lande Phiton wonderously abounding with diuerse ●● straunge●dori●erous fauours Where the Dragon of Delphos at Diotripodes lyeth slayne within the walles of the temple at this day horrible to be séene for multitude and greatnesse of scales Where Apollo as often as occasion serued hym to trauaile from the Iles of Miletum nowe Melasar or Clarum was wont to rest hymself and put off his golden quyuer And thus muche is sufficient to haue declared as briefly as we coulde the situation and countreyes of Europe and how the same lyeth in respect of other partes of the worlde Of the Ilands in Europe OVre purpose nowe is to intreate of the Ilands whiche be in Europe before y we come to any other part of the world to describe it which in widenesse contayneth almost the other twayne Wherefore to begin where Europe f●●●●e lifteth vp his head and Hercules pillers be erected and deuide Libya from other parts the Ocean running betwéene Gadira first cōmeth to hande For that being in times past possessed by the Phoenices which worshipped Hercules was called of them Gadira for before it was called not Gadira but Contimissa by the Hiberi Ne●te followe the Iles Gimnesiae the nearest whereof is called Bausus The other twain are called Baleares for stinging wherin the people there are much exercised Whereof the one and bigger nowe Mallorea hath in it the citie Tirracona nowe Tarragona the other and lesser now Menorca the citie Barcilona now Barchino lying to the North. Then followe Sardinia nowe Sardegne and néere to that Cirnus lying bothe almoste direct ouer against Ostia wherof the one which is Corsica standeth a great deale higher and is mere inacce●●ible enuironed partly with high and craggy clyffes and rockes partely with a mightie roughe wood bothe of them verie good for fruitfulnesse of soyle and plentie of dyuers commodities growing in the countrie Consequently there appeare certayne Ilandes standing rounde which beeing once in the hands of king Hippota which dwelte there a most friendly king vnto straungers were by him named Aeolides The same for the excellente vertues wherewith he was endued for be surmounted in godlinesse and curtefie was reported to haue obteyned of the gods that he shold not only be lord ouer those Ilands which are seuen in numbre but also be ruler of the winds where euer they blew on any nauigable sea These Ilāds also be called Plociae of the Greks But there is none nearer vnto these than Tinacria called also Sicilia standing in sight of Italy and defended with thrée famous promontories whereof one is called Pachynus nowe Cabo Pacino standing to the Easte and hath at the foote the noble citie Syracuse nowe Saragosa de Sicilia in foretime a greate and stout seate of tyrants The other is called Pelorus which standeth northerly and looketh to Italy to whome the cittie Messana now Missetia adioyneth The thirde promontorie is Lilybaeus arising against the surges of the west winde and sea where standeth also a cittie of the same name But as touching sayling from Pelorus which lyeth towardes Italy it is very daungerous and almost present death for the course is very narrow and crooked the sea kept within the straite not withoute greate force and violence for the streame is there swallowed vp in voyde and déepe caues which as some saye were made by Eonius and Neptunus and there roreth and rageth with moste horrible bellowings Forth of Sicilia Southerly is the passage into Lybia at the begynning of one of the Syrtes The other is quickly perceyued in looking toward the shoare of Italy In sight wherof we may espie two Ilands one Menix the other Gortina whiche are in maner of an hauen into Lybia In the elbowe of the sea Adriaticum at the left hande towardes Iapygium ryseth an Ilande wherein bicause Diomedes sometyme had buylded and possessed it was called of him Diomedea Whether as the fame goeth that valiant gentleman béeing driuen in a flaw by force of wind and tyde with certaine prisoners of the Hiberi continued there through the enticement of a wicked woman called Aegialaea Towarde the East afarre off is there a course open to the Ilands of Absyrtes where as reporte goeth certaine men whiche trauayled from Colchos brake in whyle they pursued Medea then running from them Néere vnto these the Lyburnides are planted And towarde the Southe behinde the crags of the Mounte Ceraunius there are certein Ilandes discouered which they call Amphraciae Ther is also Corcyra now Corfu to be séene a riche and plentyfull Iland the noble and renoumed kyngdome of aunciente Alcinous and néere neyghbour to Neritia in Ithaca a pleasaunt laye and countrey to Vlysses with diuers other lying here and there which the Riuer Achelous whyle hée passeth from Chalcis compasseth and watereth There bée many also towardes the Northe whereof Aegyla is one and Cythera an other and Caluaria and on the other syde towardes the Weaste Carpathos Also Creta nowe called Candia whyche lyeth not farre off a goodly Ilande and