leade him what hee hath done speaketh vnto them in this manner When I was at libertie I haue manye times in this sorte bound your friendes and kinsmen and with much more boldnesse commending himselfe and setting forth his actions tourning his face on all sides and looking about him hee speaketh to some one of them and saith Hearest thou friend It is I that ate thy father and to an other sirra it was I that killd thy brother and broyled him vpon the coles and haue taken and eaten so many of your people that I am not able to number them and be you well assured that my friendes the Margaiaters will not leaue my death vnreuenged and will once catch some of you and serue you in the like sort And in this maner being shewed round about the village in the end the two men that holde him stepping backe about thrée elles distant from him pulling the rope wherewith hee is bounde on both sides so strait that therewith he standeth fast and is not able to stirre eyther backward or forward which done they bring vnto him certain stones or peeces of broken pots and they that hold him bound in that manner being couered with bucklers of tapâ—roussou speake vnto him and aske him if before he die he will reuenge his death wherewith presently in great fury he throweth stones at them as also at al others standing round about him which many times are aboue foure thousand people not once caring how many of them are hurt or wounded not although he should breake any of their legges with a blowe and hauing cast stones potshardes earth and all whatsoeuer he can reach then he that must kill him hauing al that day kept himselfe close and not once come forth goeth vnto him and saieth Art not thou one of the Margaiaters our ennemies hast not thou thy selfe taken prisoners and eaten some of our kinsmen and friends whereunto the prisoner answereth him and saith Pa che tan tan aiouca aâ—oupaue that is I am he that hath slaine and eaten many of your people and to grieue them the more hée layeth both his hands vppon his head and saith O howe lustily haue I therein behaued my selfe howe earnestly haue I pursued you in the battell and haue eaten an innumerable companie of you Wherewith he that shal kil him answereth him and saith Therefore now séeing you are here and our prisoner I will kill you and your body being rosted shall likewise be eaten Whereunto hee answereth and saith Well what remedy assure your selfe my friendes will reuenge my death and while he speaketh he is stricken down with the wooden holbert and if he had a wife as during their imprisonment they commonly haue she falleth first vpon the dead bodie and with a few although crocadiles teares she weepeth ouer him for that it is saide the Crocadile weepeth before he deuoureth the dead body he hath slaine in the same maner do they for that the false teares once shed she woulde be the first that shoulde eate his flesh which done the other women specially old womeÌ„ as being most desirous to feed on mens flesh tell those women that keepe the prisoners that they must make haste to bring the dead body and hot water with them wherewith they rubbe scrape and wash the body so cleane that the skinne goeth off the flesh séeming as white as a roasted pigge which done commeth the maister of the prisoner with as many companions as he thinketh good and diuideth the dead body as quickely as a Butcher with vs should cut vp a shéepe or other beast and as with vs when the hunters haue killed a Bucke throw the entrailes and bloud vnto the houndes so those Barbarians annoynt their children with the bloud of theyr dead ennemy thereby to prouoke them to cruelty and reuenge before the Christians vsed to those countries they cut the body in peeces with certayne stones but now they haue kniues The man in that sort diuided and the intrailes being washed and made cleane the girdirons are looked vnto by the other women that are very desirous of maÌ„s flesh where they fit and licke vp the fat that droppeth off the quarters therewithal most ernestly exhorting and prouoking the yong men and childreÌ„ to take some more of their enemies and to bring them such meate In this sort one two or thrée prisners or more as it falleth out being slaine and rosted all the company that are present assemble about their boucans or girdirons of wood for that the Indians rost no meate vppon spittes as some men paynt them to do for that they thincke it impossible that euer it should be rosted enough being turnd round about where they make great ioy leaping skipping and with most fierce countenances beholding the rosted quarters euerie man taking a peece not for hunger or desire of eating as some would think or because without all doubt mans flesh is verie sauorie but rather in respect of reuenge specially the olde women that are most rauenous of mans flesh for their intent is onely to gnaw the flesh of their enemies to the bare bones thereby to putte the rest of the prisoners as then not slaine in greater feare for that to satisfie their monstrous and greedie desires there is not one peece of the whole body not so much as their fingers endes nose and eares but by them is eaten onely the vaines and the scull which they keep as wee doo dead mens bones in our Church-yards and shew them as signes of their dictories and triumphs The great bones of their legges and armes are kept to make pipes and their teeth they put vpon strings which they weare about their necks Those that haue killed them estéeme it for an honourable action and departing from the rest of their companie cutte certaine slashes in their breasts armes legs and other fleshie places wherein they put a certaine salue thereby to make scarres and signes thereof in their bodyes vpon the which they throw certaine blacke pouder which neuer goeth off being of opinion that the more strikes he hath in his bodye the more men he hath murthered and for the same is accounted a lustie fellow and of great courage And to finish their bloudy tragedie if it fortune the woman that was giuen vnto the prisoners during his imprisonment for his wife bée with childe they take the childe when it is borne a thing most fearefull and horrible to heare for they neuer suffer it to growe to yeares and eate it alleadging that such children are of their enimies séed And those Barbarians doe not onely séeke vtterly to extinguish their enemies but woulde likewise haue other strangers and countrymen that come among them to vse the same cruelty and to eate mens flesh which by some reiecting all humanitie hath beene done ¶ Of the religion of the Brasilians and the misery or feare where into the poore men are brought by their Caraiben not acknowledging any God IN the historie of Peru
was called Coccolucio because such as were troubled therewith were no otherwise troubled then in the throat like vnto Hennes which haue the pip after the which followed many pestilent feuers with diuers strange fits which continued not aboue foure dayes Not long before the plague was so great in Portingale that in two yeres space there died in Lisbone to the number of 80. thousand people after the which plague the saide disease ensued which wrought great destruction throughout the whole Countrie of Spaine The fift day of August in the same yeare hauing some vnderstanding in the Spanish tongue I placed my selfe with a Dutch gentleman who determined to trauaile into Portingal to sée the countrie and with him stayed to take a more conuenient time for my pretended voyage Vppon the first of September following we departed from Siuill passing through diuers Townes and Villages within eight dayes after we ariued at Badaios where I found my other Brother following the Court. At the same time died Anne de Austria Quéene of Spaine Sister to the Emperour Rodulphus and Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the Kings fourth and last wife for whom great sorrow was made through all Spaine her body was conuaied from Badaios to the Cloyster of Saint Laurence in Escuriall where with great solemnitie it was buried We hauing stayed certaine dayes in Badaios departed from thence and passed through a Towne called Eluas about two or thrée miles off being the first towne in the kingdome of Portingale for that betwéene it and Badaios the borders of Spaine and Portingale are limited from thence we trauailed into diuers other places of Portingale and at the last ariued at Lisbone about the twenty of September following where at that time wee found the Duke of Alua beeing Gouernour there for the King of Spaine the whole Cittie making great preparation for the Coronation of the King according to the custome of their countrie Wee beeing in Lisbone through the change of aire and corruption of the countrie I fell sicke and during my sicknes was seauen times let blood yet by Gods help I escaped and being recouered not hauing much preferment vnder the gentleman I left his seruice and placed my selfe with a Marchant vntill I might attaine to better meanes About the same time the plague not long before newly begunne began againe to cease for the which cause the King till then had deferred his enterance into Lisbone which wholly ceased vppon the first day of May Anno 1581 hee entred with great triumph and magnificence into the cittie of Lisbone where aboue all others the Dutchmen had the best and greatest commendation for beautiful shews which was a Gate a Bridge that stood vppon the riuer side where the King must first passe as hee went out of his Gallie to enter into the cittie being beutified and adorned with many costly and excellent thinges most pleasant to behold euery stréet and place within the cittie being hanged with rich clothes of Tapistrie and Arras where they made great triumphes as the manner is at all Princes Coronations The same yere the twelfth of December the Duke of Alua died in Lisbone in the kings pallace being high steward of Spaine who during his sicknes for the space of fourtéene dayes receaued no sustenance but only womens milke his body beeing seared and spicen was conuaied into his countrie of Alua The same month the King beeing yet at Lisbone died Don Diego Prince of Spaine and Portingale the kings eldest son his body béeing inbalmed was conuaied to Madril after whose death the king had but one Sonne named Don Phillip and two Daughters liuing About the same time there ariued at Lisbone the kings sister widdow to the deceased Emperour Maximilian and with her one of her daughters who beeing lame was after placed in a Monasterie of Nuns they with great triumph were likewise receaued into the cittie After the death of Don Diego the kings eldest sonne all the Lordes and States of Spaine and Portingale as well spirituall as temporal assembled at Lisbone and there in the kings presence according to the ancient custome and manner of the countrie tooke their oathes of faith and allegiance vnto Don Phillip the young Prince of Spaine and next heire and lawfull successor of the lung his Father in his dominions of Spaine Portingale and other landes and countries The next yeare Anno 1582. a great nauie of ships was prepared in Lisbone whose generall was the Marquesse de sancta Cruce accompanied with the principall gentlemen and captaines both of Spaine and Portingal who at their own costs and charges therein to shew the great affection and desire they had to serue their Prince sayled with the said Nauie to the Flemmish Ilandes to fight with Don Antonio that lay about those Iles with a Fléet of frenchmen whose Generall was one Phillip Strozzi These two Fléets méeting together fought most cruelly to the great losse of both parts yet in the ende Don Antonio with his French men was ouerthrowne and many of them taken prisoners among the which were diuers gentlemen of great account in France who by the Marquis commandement were all beheaded in the Island of Saint Michaels The rest being brought into Spaine were put into the Gallies Don Antonio himselfe escaped in a small ship and the General Strozzi also who béeing hurt in y e battail died of the same wound By this victory the Spaniards were so proud that in Lisbone great triumph was holden for the same and the Marquis de Sancta Crus receiued therin with great ioy which done and all thinges being pacified in Portingale the King left his Sisters sonne Don Albertus Cardinall of Austria Gouernour of Lisbone and the whole Countrie and with the saide Cardinals mother returned and kept Court at Madrill in Spaine The 2. Chapter The beginning of my voyage into the East or Portingale Indies STaying at Lisbone the trade of Marchandize there not beeing great by reason of the newe fresh disagréeing of the Spaniards and Portingales occasion being offered to accomplish my desire there was at the same time in Lisbone a Monke of S. Dominicks order named Don frey Vincente de Fonseca of a noble house who by reason of his great learning had of long time béene Chaplen vnto Sebastian King of Portingale who beeing with him in the battaile of Barbari◠where King Sebastian was slain was taken prisoner and from thence ransomed whose learning and good behauiour beeing knowne to the King of Spaine hee made great account of him placing him in his own Chappel and desiring to prefer him the Archbishopricke of all the Indies beeing voide with confirmation of the Pope he inuested him therewith although he refused to accept it fearing the long and tedious trauaile hee had to make thether but in the end through the Kings perswasion hee tooke it vpon him with promise within foure or fiue yeares at the furthest to recall him home againe and to giue him
and that after their deathes they shall receiue either good or euill reward in the world to come according to their workes Wherefore they vse faire and costly Graues and beléeue that in the world to come men shall neuer more die but liue for euer there are also in this land many and diuers faire Vniuersities and Schooles for learning where they studie Philosophie and the lawes of the land for that not any man in China is estéemed or accounted of for his birth family or riches but onely for his learning and knowledge such are they that serue in euery Towne and haue the gouernment of the same being serued and honoured with great solemnities and worthinesse liuing in great pleasure and estéemed as gods They are called Loâ—ias and Mandorijns and are alwaies borne in the stréetes sitting in Chariots which are hanged about with Curtaines of Silke couered with Clothes of Golde and Siluer and are much giuen to banketing eating drinking making good cheare as also the whole land of China No man may rule gouerne or vse any Office of Iustice in the Towne or place where he was borne which they saye the King doth because their friendes or parents should not mooue or perswade them to doe any thing contrarie to Iustice or to the hinderance of the Kings seruice When any of the aforesaide gouernours or rulers die in China they kill diuers of their seruants and wiues and cause all kinde of victuals and necessaries with diuers Iewels to bee put into the Graue with them whereby they thinke themselues well prouided and to haue good companie with them to liue withall in the other world The Countrie is verie temperate good ayre for it beginneth vnder 19. degrées and is in some places higher then 50. degrées whereby it is to be presumed that it must of force be fruitfull a great helpe thereunto is the earnest and continuall labour the countrimen and inhabitants take to build houses in their land whereby there is not one foote of land lost or that lyeth wast for euen to the verie mountaines it is both plowed planted because there are so many people in the Countrie It is not in mans memorie that euer there was plague in that Countrie and they haue a law which is very straightly holden that no man may goe or depart out of the Countrie without licence nor yet that any stranger may come into the land without leaue vpon paine of death Likewise no man may trauaile through the Country to begge whereof they haue a great care and looke néerely vnto it The people are well formed and commonly fat and well liking of body broade and round faces smal eyes great eye-browes broad foreheads small and flat noses litle beards seauen or eight hayres aboue their lippes and vnder their chinnes and verie blacke haire which they estéeme verie much haue great care in y e keming thereof and in keeping it cleane as well men as women and weare it as long as it will growe and then binde it in a knot on the top of their heads and vpon it they put a péece of Silke netting Those that dwell on the Sea side with whome the Portingals traffique that is in Machau and Canton are a people of a brownish colour like the white Moores in Africa and Barbaria and part of the Spaniards but those that dwell within the land are for color like Netherlanders high Dutches There are many among them that are cleane blacke which haue great eyes and much beard but verie few of them as it may well bee thought and as the men of China themselues report Their ofspring was out of â—artaria or from other of their neighbours of straunge Countries at such time when they had licence to trauaile into those Countries and to haue conuersation with them by trade of marchandise which nowe they may not doe as it is saide before They vse to weare the nayles of their left hands very long and on the right hand short which they hold for an auncient ceremonie of their law and beliefe Their apparell as I said before is most of Silke of all colours that is such as are of welth indifferent rich others such as are poore do weare apparel of Cotton linnen of blacke and coloured Sayes and such like stuffe Cloth made of Wooll nor Veluet they can not make in all China although there wanteth no wooll and they haue many shéepe notwithstanding they know not how to vse it and wonder much at it when the Portingalles bring it thether The women goe verie richly apparelled with long and wide Gownes they weare many Iewels on their heades within their haire and also vppon their bodies they doe commonly hold their hands couered they are but little séene abroad but sit most part within the house and estéeme it for a great beautifying vnto them to haue small féete to the which end they vse to binde their féete so fast when they are young that they cannot grow to the full whereby they can hardly goe but in a manner halfe lame Which custome the men haue brought vp to let them from much going for that they are verie iealous and vnmeasurable leacherous and vnchast yet is it estéemed a beautifying and comlinesse for the women Those that are of any wealth or estate are born in chaires through the stréets hanged and couered with Silke Sattin and Damaske Curtins wouen with siluer and golde thréedes and haue small holes to looke through so that they may sée and not be séene The 24. Chapter Of the Prouinces Townes and other things worthie of memorie in the kingdome of China THe kingdome of China is deuided into 15 prouinces euery one being as great as it is reported founde written as the best kingdome in Europe and are gouerned by a Viceroye or Gouernour which by the Chinaes is called Cochin Two of the said Prouinces are ruled by the King himselfe and his Councell which are Tolanchia and Paguia wher the King is alwaies resident The other Prouinces are called Foquiem Olam Sinsay Xansay Oquiam Aucheo Hona Canton Quicheo Chequeam Saxi Aynaon Susâ—an Most of these Prouinces haue riuers and waters running through them haue conference and familiaritie by buying and selling with each other both by water and by land It is recorded by the Chinaes themselues in their Chronicles that in these fiftéene Prouinces ther are 591. chiefe Citties 1593. other Citties besides villages whereof some are so great as Citties whereby you may consider the greatnesse of the land Most of the Townes are built vppon riuers and running streames and closed about with broade ditches and thicke stone walles Without the Walles betwéene them and the Ditches is a walke where sixe men on Horse backe maye ryde in ranke and the like within which space is made to mende and repaire the Walles when néede requireth whereof they are very carefull and looke warily vnto them The high waies and foote pathes throughout the
the same as an infallible law which groweth vpon this occasion A long time since there was in China a great mightie familie which together with all their friends and acquaintance secretly conspired and agréed to ryse vp against the King of China to driue him out of his kingdome and to kill him and hauing so done to place themselues therein but it could not so secretly be contriued and wrought but in the end it was knowne whereupon the king punished them most gréeuously and caused diuers of the principall conspirators to be put to death and all others he found to be consenting therunto should haue felt the like paine which gréeued the Counsell and other Noble men of the countrie for that diuers of their néerest kinsmen were of that conspiracie so that with humble and long petition to the King they besought him to let them liue and to punish them with some easier punishment then death but that which they sought desired at the king all things considered was little better then death which was that he would banish them and all their posteritie for euer out of the countrie into the Ilands of Iapen which as then were not inhabited and this as they desired was done whereby there is so great enuie and hatred betwéene them and the men of China that they hate each other to the death and doe all the mischief one vnto the other that they can imagine or deuise euen vntill this time The men of Iapen haue done much mischief vnto the men of China and many times fallen vpon their coasts and put all to fire and sword and now at this present haue not any conuersation with them but onely they trafficke with the Portingales and to shewe themselues whollie their deadlie enemies in all their actions they are cleane contrary vnto the men of China and to the same end haue changed all their customes ceremonies and manners of curtesie from the men of China To recite the particulars would be ouer long yet I will in briefe set down some fewe examples of the customes and manners therein One is where the China vseth the curtesie of salutation to a man with the head and hand wheÌ„ they méet together the Iapens to the contrarie put off their shoes whereby they shewe them reuerence and as the Chinaes stand vp when they minde to receyue any man and to doe him reuerence they to the contrarie set themselues down accounting it a verie vnséemely thing to receyue or bid a man welcome standing on their féet and as we put on our clokes when we meane to goe abroad into the towne or countrie they put them off when they goe forth putting on great wyde bréeches and coming home they put them off again and cast their clokes vpon their shoulders and as among other nations it is a good sight to see men with white and yealow hayre and white teeth with them it is estéemed the filthiest thing in the world and séeke by all meanes they may to make their hayre and téeth blacke for that the white causeth their grief and the blacke maketh them glad The like custome is among the women for as they goe abroad they haue their daughters maydes before them and their men seruants come behind which in Spaigne is cleane contrarie and when they are great with childe they tye their girdles so hard about them that men would thinke they shuld burst and when they are not with Childe they weare their girdles so slacke that you would thinke they would fall from their bodies saying that by experience they do finde if they should not doe so they should haue euill lucke with their fruict and presently as soone as they are deliuered of their children in stéed of cherishing both the mother and the child with some comfortable meat they presently wash the childe in cold water and for a time giue the mother very little to eate and that of no great substance Their manner of eating and drinking is Euerie man hath a table alone without table clothes or napkins and eateth with two peeces of wood like the men of China they drinke wine of Rice wherewith they drink themselues drunke and after their meat they vse a certaine drinke which is a pot with hote water which they drinke as hote as euer they may indure whether it be Winter or Summer The Turkes holde almost the same maÌ„ner of drinking of their Chaona which they make of certaine fruit which is like vnto the Bakelaer and by the Egyptians called Bon or Ban they take of this fruite one pound and a half and roast them a little in the fire and then sieth them in twentie poundes of water till the half be consumed away this drinke they take euerie morning fasting in their chambers â—ut of an eâ—rthen pot being verie hote as we doe here drinke aquacomposita in the morning and they say that it strengtheneth and maketh them warme breaketh wind and openeth any stopping The manner of dressing their meat is altogether contrarie vnto other nations the aforesaid warme water is made with the powder of a certaine hearbe called Chaa which is much estéemed and is well accounted of among them and al such as are of any countenance or habilitie haue the said water kept for them in a secret place and the gentlemen make it themselues and when they will entertaine any of their friends they giue him some of that warme water to drinke for the pots wherein they sieth it and wherein the hearbe is kept with the earthen cups which they drinke it in they esteeme as much of them as we doe of Diamants Rubies and other precious stones and they are not esteemed for their newnes but for their oldnes and for that they were made by a good workman and to know and kéepe such by themselues they take great and speciall care as also of such as are the valewers of them and are skilfull in them as with vs the goldsmith priseth and valueth siluer and gold and the Iewellers all kindes of precious stones so if their pots cuppes be of an old excelleÌ„t workmaÌ„s making they are worth 4 or 5 thousaÌ„d ducats or more the peece The King of Bungo did giue for such a pot hauing thrée feet 14 thousand ducats and a Iapan being a Christian in the town of Sacay gaue for such a pot 1400 ducats and yet it had 3 peeces vpon it They doe likewise estéeme much of any picture or table wherein is painted a blacke trée or a blacke bird and when they knowe it is made of wood and by an ancient cuÌ„ning maister they giue whatsoeuer you will aske for it It happeneth some times that such a picture is sold for 3 or 4 thousand ducats and more They also estéeme much of a good rapier made by an old and cunning maister such a one many times costeth 3 or 4 thousand Crowns the péece These things doe they kéeepe and estéeme for their Iewels as
700. thousand Ducats in Golde which the Viceroy for couetousnesse of the money was minded to doe But the Archbishop of Goa called Don Gaspar my Lords predicessor disswaded him from it saying that they being Christians ought not to giue it them againe being a thing whereby Idolatrie might be furthered and the Deuill worshipped but rather were bound by their profession to roote out and abolish all Idolatrie and superstition as much as in them lay By which meanes the Viceroy was perswaded to change his mind and flatly denied the Ambassadours request hauing in their presence first burnt the Apes tooth the Ashes whereof hee caused to bee throwne into the Sea Whereupon the Ambassadors fearing some further mischief tooke their leaue and departed being much astonished that hee refused so great a summe of money for a thing which hee so little estéemed that hee burnt it and threw the Ashes into the Sea Not long after there was a Beniane as the Benianes are full of subtiltie that had gotten an other Apes tooth and made the Indians and Heathens belieue that hee had miraculously found the same Apes tooth that the Viceroye had and that it was reuealed vnto him by a Pagode in a visâ—on that assured him it was the same which hee said the Portingales thought they had burned but that he had béene there inuisible and taken it away laying an other in the place Which the Heathens presently belieued so that it came vnto the King of Bisnagars eares who thereupon desired the Beniane to send it him and with great ioy receiued it giuing the Beniane a great summe of Golde for it where it was againe holden and kept in the same honour and estimation as the other that was burnt had béene In the kingdome of Narsinga or the coast called Châ—ramandel there standeth a Pagode that is verie great excéeding rich and holden in great estimation hauing manye Pilgrimages and visitations made vnto it from all the countries bordering about it where euerie yeare they haue many faires feastes and processions and there they haue a Wagon or a Carte which is so great and heauie that thrée or foure Elephants can hardly draw it and this is brought foorth at faires feastes and processions At this Carte hang likewise many Cables or Ropes wherat also all the countrie people both men and women of pure deuotion doe pull and hale In the vpper part of this Carte standeth a Tabernacle or seate wherein sitteth the Idoll and vnder it sit the Kings wiues which after their manner play on all instruments making a most swéete melodie and in that sort is the Carte drawne foorth with great deuotions and processions there are some of them that of great zeale and pure deuotion doe cut péeces of flesh out of their bodies and throwe them downe before the Pagode others laye themselues vnder the whéeles of the Carte and let the Carte runne ouer them whereby they are all crushed to péeces and pressed to death and they that thus die are accounted for holy and deuout Martyrs and from that time forwardes are kept and preserued for great and holy Reliques besides a thousand â—ther such like beastly superstitions which they vse as one of my Chamber fellowes that had seene it shewed me and it is also wel knowne throughout all India Vpon a time I and certaine Portingales my friends hauing licence from the Viceroy were at a banket and méeting about fiue or sixe miles within the firme land and with vs wee had certaine Decanijns and naturall borne Indians that were acquainted with the countrie the chiefe cause of our going was to see their manner of burning the deade Bramene and his wife with him being aliue because we had béene aduertised that such a thing was to be done And there among other strange deuises that we saw wee came into some Villages and places inhabited by the Indians where in the way and at euerie hil stonie Rocke or hole almost within a Pater noster length wee found a Carued Pagode or rather Deuils and monsters in hellish shapes At the last wee came into a Village where stoode a great Church of stone wherein wee entered and found nothing in it but a great Table that hung in the middle of the Church with the Image of a Pagode painted therein so mishaped and deformed that more monsterous was neuer séene for it had many hornes and long téeth that hung out of his mouth down to the knées and beneath his Nauel and belly it had an other such like face with many hornes and tuskes Vppon the head thereof stoode a triple Crowned Myter not much vnlike the Popes triple crown so that in effect it séemed to be a monster such as are described in the Apocalips It hung before a Wall which made a partition from an other Chamber in manner of a Quier yet was it close made vp without windowes or any place for light in the middle whereof was a little narrow close doore and on both sides of the doore stoode a small Furnace made within the wall wherein were certaine holes or Lattisses thereby to let the smoke or sauor of the fire to enter into that place when any offering should bee made Whereof wee found some there as Rice Corne. Fruites Hennes and such like things which the Indians dayly offered but there came so filthie a smoke and stincke out of the place that whosoeuer went néere it was almost readie to choke the said place being all black smerie and foule there with Before this doore being shut in the middle of the Church there stoode a Calfe of stone whereon one of our companie leaped and laughing began to crie out which the Bramene that kept the Church perceiuing began to call and crie for helpe so that presently many of the neighbours ranne thether to sée what the cause might bee but before the thrung of people came we dealt so well with the Bramene acknowledging our fault saying it was vnaduisedly done that he was well content the people went home againe Then wee desired the Bramene to open vs the doore that stoode shut which after much intreatie he yeelded vnto offering first to throw certaine Ashes vpon our foreheads which we refused so y t before hee would open vs the doore wee were forced to promise him that we would not enter further in theÌ„ to the doore The doore of their Sancta Sanctorum or rather Diaboloâ—uÌ„ being opened it shewed within like a Lime kill being close vaulted round about ouer the heade without either hole or window to cast in light but onely at the doore neither was ther any light in al the Church but that which came in at the doore we entered by Within the said cell or vault there hung at the least 10â— burning Lamps in the middle whereof stoode a little Altar and couered ouer with cloth made of cotton wool ouer that with pure golde vnder the which as the Bramene told vs sat the Pagode being of
out of Portingall Their names were S. Antony S. Francisco our Lady of Nazareth and S. Alberto but of the S. Mary that came in company w c them from Portingall they had no newes but afterwards they heard that shee put backe againe to Portingal by reasoÌ„ of some defaults in her and also of the foule weather Eight dayes after the said 4. ships ariued in Goa where with great ioy they were receiued At the same time the Fort called Columbo which the Portingales hold in the Island of Seylon was besieged by the king of Seylon called Ram and in great danger to bee lost which to deliuer there was an armie of fustes and gallies sent from Goa whereof was Generall Barnaldin de Carualho And at the same time departed another armie of many ships fustes and gallies with great numbers of souldiers munition victuals and other warlike prouisions therewith to deliuer Malacca which as then was besieged and in great misery as I saide before thereof was generall Don Paulo de Lyma Pereira a valiant Gentleman and an olde souldier who not long before had bin Captaine of Chaul and being very fortunate in all his enterprises was therefore chosen to bée Generall of that fléet The last of Nouember the foure ships afore said departed from Goa to lade at Cochiin and from thence to saile for Portingale In December after while the Fort of Columbo in the Island of Seylon was still besieged the towne of Goa made out another great fléete of ships and gallies for the which they tooke vp many men within the Citie and compelled them to goe in the ships because they wanted men with a great contribution of mony raysed vpoÌ„ the Marchants and othrr inhabitants to furnish the same of the which armie was appointed general one Manuel de Sousa Courinho a braue gentle man and souldier who in times past had bin Captaine of the said Fort of Columbo and had withstood another besieging whereuppon the king put him in great credit and aduanced him much and after the Viceroyes death he was Viceroy of India as in time place we shall declare He with his armie ariued in the Isle of Seylon where hee ioyned with the other armie that went before and placed themselues in order to giue battaile to Raâ— who perceiuing the great number of his enemies brake vp his siege and forsooke the Fort to the great reioycing of the Portingales and hauing strengthned the Forte with men and victuals they returned againe to Goa where in the month of March Anno 1â—88 they were receiued with great ioy In the month of Aprill the same yeare the armie of Don Paulo de Lyma that went to Malacca ariued in Goa with victorie hauing fired Malacca and opened the passage againe to China and other places the maner whereof was this In their way as they passed the straight of Malacca they met with a ship belonging to the king of Achein in Samatra who was a deadly enemie to the Portingales and the principal cause of the besieging of Malacca In the same ship was the Daughter of the said king of Achein which he sent to be maried to the king of â—oor therby to make a new aliance with him against the Portingales and for a present sent him a goodly péece of Ordinance whereof the like was not to be found in all India and therefore it was afterwards sent into Portingale as a present to the king of Spaine in a ship of Malacca which after was cast away in the Island of â—eâ—cera one of the Flemmish Ilandes where the same peece with much labor was weighed vp and laid within the fortresse of the same Isle because it is so heauie that it can hardly be caried into Portingale But to the matter they tooke the ship with the kings daughter and made it al good prize and by it they were aduertised what had passed betweene the kings of Achein and Ioor so that presently they sent certaine souldiers on land and marching in order of battaile they set vppon the towne of Ioor that was sconsed and compassed about with woodden stakes most of the houses being of straw which wheÌ„ the people of the towne perceiued and saw the great number of men and also their resolution they were in great feare and as many as could fledde and saued themselues in the countrie to conclude the Portingales entred the towne and set it on fire vtterly spoyling and destroying it razing it eueÌ„ with the ground slaying al they fouÌ„d and taking some prisoners which they led away Captiues and found within the towne at the least 2500 brasse péeces great small which were al brought into India You must vnderstand that some of them were no greater than Muskets some greater and some very great being very cunningly wrought with figures and flowers which the Italians and Portingales that haue denyed their faith and become Mahometistes haue taught them whereof there are many in India and are those indéede that doe most hurt when they haue done any murther or other villanie fearing to be punished for the same to saue their liues they runne ouer by the firme land among the Heathens and Mores and there they haue great stipendes and wages of the Indian kinges and Captaines of the land Seauen or eight yeares before my comming into India there were in Goa certain TruÌ„peters and Cannonyers being Dutchmen Netherlanders and because they were reiected and scorned by the Portingales in India as they scorn all other nations in the world as also for that they could get no pay when they asked it they were presently abused and cast into the gallies and there compelled to serue In the end they tooke counsell together and seeing they could not get out of the countrie they secretly got into the firme land of Balagate and went vnto Hidalcan where they were gladly receiued and very well entertained with great payes liuing like Lords there being in dispaire denide their faithes although it is thought by some that they remaine still in their owne religion but it is most sure that they are maried in those countries with Heathen women and were liuing when I came from thence by this meanes are the Portingales the causes of their owne mischiefes onely through their pride hardines and make rods to scourge theÌ„selues withall w c I haue onely shewed in respect of those cast péeces other martiall weapons which the Indians haue learned of the Portingals and Christians whereof in times past they had no vnderstanding and although they had placed all those péeces in very good order yet it should seeme they knew not howe to shoote them off or to vse them as they should as it appeared hereby for that they presently forsooke them and left them for the Portingals With this victory the Portingals were very proude and with great glorie entred into Malacca wherein they were receyued with great triumph as it may well bee thought being by them deliuered from
answered him and said I would be loath to make debate betwéene Parents Children but if it were my case séeing I could not obteyne my dowrie I would stay no longer there but rather hyre a house by my self and kéep better house alone with my wife then continue among so manie wher I could not be master In the end he resolued so to doe with much adoe tooke his wife Child w t his slaues and parted houshold hyred himselfe a house set vp his shoppe and vsed his trade so handsomely that hauing good store of worke he became reasonable wealthie But his mother in law that could not conceale her Morish nature after y e death of her husbaÌ„d whether it were for spight she bare to her sonne in law or for a pleasure she tooke therein counselled her daughter to fall in loue with a young Portingal Soldier whom the daughter did not much mislike which soldier was verie great in the house and ordinarilie came thether to meat and drinke and Frauncis trusted him as well as if he had bene his brother in so much that he would doe nothing without his counsell This Soldier called An honio Fragoso continued this beastlie course with Frauncis his wyfe with the helpe of her mother all the while that they dwelt with the mother and it is sayd that he vsed her company before shee was maried although shee was but young which is no wonder in India for it is their common custome in those countries to doe it when they are but eight yeres old and haue the slight to hide it so well that when they are maried their husbands take theÌ„ for very good maides This order of life they continued in that sorte for the space of foure yeares and also after that they had taken a house and dwelled alone by themselues for Antonio Fragoso kept his old haunt and although Francis vsed continually to shut his chamber dore yet was this Portingall oftentimes hidden therin he not knowing thereof where hee tooke his pleasure of his wife At the last one Diricke Gerritson of Enchuson in Holland béeing Godfather vnto Francis Kinges wife comming newly from China desired the said Francis and his wife to come and dine with him at his house without the towne where as then he dwelt and among the rest bad mee minding to bee merrie and made vs good cheare but because the honest Damsell Francis Kinges wife made her excuse that she might not with her credit come where Batchelers were for that they had no such vse in India he desired mée to hold him excused till another time They being there at this feast with the mother in law and her sonne their houshold of slaues that waited vpon them as the maner of India is After dinner was ended and they well in drinke they went to walke in the fieldes where not far from thence there stood a house of pleasure that had neyther dore nor window but almost fallen downe for want of reparations hauing on the backe side therof a faire garden full of Indian trées and fruites the house and garden Francis Kinges father in law had bought in his life time for a small peece of mony for as I say it was not much worth thether they went and caused their pots and their pans with meat and drinke to be brought with them being minded all that day to make merrie therein as indéede they did In the meane time it was my fortune with a friend of mine to walke in the fieldes and to passe by the house wherein they were not thinking any company had bin there going by Francis King being all drunken came forth and saw me wherewith he ranne and caught me by the cloke perforce would haue me in made me leaue my companion so brought me into the garden where their wiues and his mother in law with their slaues sate playing vpon certaine Indian Instruments being verie merrie but I was no sooner espied by them but the young woman presently went away to hide herselfe for her credits sake according to their manner as their manner is when any stranger commeth into the house Not long after supper was made ready of such as they had brought with them although the day was not so far spent and the table câ—oth was laid vppon a matte lying on the grâ—und for that as I said before there was neyâ—her table bench window nor dore within the house The meate being brought in euery man sate downe only Francis Kinges wife excused her selfe that I had shamed her and desired that she might not come in saying for that time shee would eate there with the slaues and although her husband would gladly haue had her come in among vs thereby to shew that he was not iealous of her yet shee would not so that séeing her excuse he let her rest saying it were best to let her stay there because thee is ashamed While we sate at supper where the slaues serued vs going and comming to and fro and bringing such thinges as we wanted out of the place where this honest woman was her husband thinking shee had taken pains to make it ready it was nothing so for that while we were merry together not thinking any hurt in came Antonio Fragoso with a naked Rapier vnder his cloake it being yet day light and in presence of all the slaues both theirs and mine without anie feare of vs lead her away by the hand into one of the chambers of the house hauing neyther doore flore nor window and there putting off the cloth that she had about her middle which he laid vppon the ground to kéepe her from fowling of her body not being once ashamed before the slaues neyther fearing any danger he tooke his pleasure of her but if any mischance had happened that any of the slaues had marked it and bewraied it the said Anthonie had tenne or twelue souldiers his companions and friendes not farre from thence which with a whistle or any other token would haue come to help him and so would haue slaine vs all and taken the woman with him which is their dayly proffit in India but we had better fortune for that hée dispatched his affaires so well with her that wée knew it not and had leysure to depart as he came without any trouble and she well pleased therewith and when the slaues asked her how thee durst bee so bold to doe such a thing considering what danger of life shee then was in shee answered them that shee cared not for her life so shée might haue her pleasure and saying that her husband was but a drunkard and not worthie of her and that she had vsed the company of that fine lustie youth for the space of foure yeres together and for his sake she said shee would not refuse to die yet had she not then beene married to Francis King full foure yeares neyther was shee at that time aboue fifteene or sixteene yeares of
there to be cast away and vtterly spoyled but the Captaine called him drunkard and Heriticke and striking him with a staffe commanded him to do as he would haue him The Master séeing this and being compelled to doe it said well then my Masters seeing it is the desire of you all to bee cast away I can but loose one life and therwith desperately he sayled towards the shore and was on that side of the Island where there was nothing els but hard stones and rockes as high as Mountaines most terrible to behold where some of the Inhabitantes stood with long ropes and corke bound at the end thereof to throw them downe vnto the men that they might lay hold vpon them and saue their liues but few of them got so neere most of them being cast away and smitten in péeces before they could get to the wall The ship sayling in this manner as I said before towards the Island approching to the shore the master being an old man and ful of yeres called his sonne that was in the shippe with him and hauing imbraced one another and taken their last farewell the good old Father willed his sonne not to take care for him but seeke to saue himselfe for said he sonne thou art yong and may haue some hope to saue thy life but as for me it is no great matter I am old what become of me and therewith each of these shedding many teares as euerie louing father and kinde childe may well consider the ship sell vpon the Cliffes brake in peeces the father on the one side the sonne on the other side falling into the sea each laying hold vpon that which came next to hand but to no purpose for the sea was so high and furious that they were all drowned and onelie fourteene or fifteene saued theÌ„selues by swimming with their legges and armes halfe broken and out of ioint among the which was the Masters son and soure other dutch boâ—es the rest of the Spaniards and Saylers with the Captaine and Master were drowned whose heart would not melt with teares to behold so grieuous a sight specially considering with himselfe that the greatest cause thereof was y e beastlines and insolencie of the Spaniards as in this only example may wel bee seene whereby may be considered how the other ships sped as wee our selues did in part behold and by men that were saued did heare more aâ— laâ—â—e as also some others of our Countrimen that as then were in the like danger â—an well witnes On the other Islandes the losse was no lessâ— then in Terâ—eâ—â— for on the Island of Saint Georgâ— there were two ships cast away on the Island of 〈◊〉 two shippes on the Island Graâ—o three ships and besides those there came euerie where round about diuers peeces of brokâ— ships and other things fleeting towards the Islands wherewith the sea was all couered most pittifull to behold On the Island of S. Michaell there were foure â—hips cast away and betweene Tercera and S. Michaelâ— three more were sunke which were seene and heard to crie out wherof not one man was saued The rest put into the sea without Masts all torne and rent so that of the whole Fleete and Armado being 140. ships in al there were but 3â— or 33. ariued in Spaine and Portingall yea and those few with so great miserie paine labor that not two of them ariued there together but this day oâ—e and to morrow another next day the third and so one after the other to y e number aforesaid All the rest were cast away vpon the Islands and ouerwhelmed in the sea whereby may bee considered what great losâ—e and hinderance they receaued at that time for by many mens iudgementes it was esâ—â—med to be much more then was left by their armie that came for England and it may well bee thought and presumed that it was no other but a iust plague purposely sent by God vpon the Spaniards that it might truely bee said the taking of the Reuenge was iustlie reuenged vppon them and not by the might or force of man but by the power of God as some of them openly saâ— in the Isle of Tercera that they beleeueâ— verily God would consume them and that hee tooke part with Lutheranes and Heretickes saying further y t so soone as they had throwne the dead bodie of the Viceadmirall Sir Richard Greenfield ouer borde they verily thought that as he had a deuilish faith and religion and therefore y e deuils loued him so hee presently sunke into the bottome of the sea downe into Hell where he raysed vp all the deuilles to the reuenge of his death and that they brought so great stormes and tormentes vpon the Spaniardes because they onely maintained the Catholike and Romish religion such and the like blasphemies against God they ceased not openly to vtter without that any man reproued them therein â—or for their false opinions but the most part of them rather said and affirmed that of truth it must needes be so As one of those Indian Fleetes put out of Noua Spaigna there were â—â— of them by storme and tempest cast away and drowned in the sea being 5â— in all so that but 〈◊〉 escaped Of the fléete that came from Santo Domingo there were 14. cast away comming out of the channell of Hauana whereof the Admirall and Viceadmirall were two of them and from Terra Fiâ—ma in India there came two shippes laden with gold and siluer that were taken by the Englishmen and before the Spanish Armie came to â—oruâ— the Englishmen at time had taken at the least 20. shippes that came from S. Domingo India Brasilia c. and al sent into 〈◊〉 Whereby it plainly appareth that mâ—y end God wil assuredly plague the Spaniards hauing already blinded them so that they haue not the sence to perceiue it but still to remain in their obstinate opinions but it is lost labour to strâ—ue against God and to trust in man as being foundations created vppon the sands which with the wind are blome down and ouerthrowen as we dayly see before out eyes and now not long since in many places haue euidently obserued and therefore let euery man but â—ooke into his owne actions take our Low countries for an example wherein we can but blame our owne sinnes and wickednesse which doth so blind vs that wee wholly forget and reiect the benefites of God continuing the seruantes yoke slaues of Sathan God of his mercie euen our eyes and hearts that wee may know our onely health and sauiour Iesus Christ who 〈◊〉 can helpe gouerne and pâ—ue vs and â—e vs a happie ende in all our assures By this destruction of the Spaniardes and their euill successe the lading and shipping of the goods that were saued out of the shippe that came from Maâ—aâ— to â—ercera was againe put off and therefore we must haue patience till it please God to send a fitter time that
is made of Quinces and cakes with other such kinds of deuises At this time there are many of them in Spaine whence they are likewise brought into our countries Those that are desirous to reade more hereof let them peruse the Writers of the new World or the bookes of the learned doctor Carolus Clusius which writeth therof at large from whence this is taken In S. Martha is great traffike for fish cotten feathers their houses are of earth hanged with mattes made of â—esen and of diuers colours they haue many couerlets of cotten wherin are wouen the figures of Tigers Lions Eagles and such like From Saint Martha to the Cape de la Vela that is the cape of the saile are 50. miles this cape lieth vnder 12. degrees is 100. miles from S. Dominico betweene S. Martha and the cape de la Vela lie these places Cape de la Guia the point of the needle or of the compasse Ancon de Gacha an open hauen of Gacha Rio de Palominas the riuer of Palominas Rio de la Hacha the riuer of the Tocrtse Rio de Pâ—edras the riuer of Stones Laguna de S. Iuan the lake of S. Iohn From the Cape de la Vela to Coquiâ—ocoa are fortie miles in our Carde it is placed with twoo words diuided which should be but one Thâ—s is another point lying on the same corner behinde the which beginneth the gulte of Venâ—zâ—elâ— which in compasse and breadth is from the cape of S. Roman eightie miles Porete Venezuela little Venice THe whole coast from the Cape de la Vela to the gulfe of â—arâ—â— was discouered by Christophero Coâ—anâ—o in An. 149â— and the first gouernour of Venezuela was a hâ—gh Duchman called Andâ—â— sius Aâ—mgâ— who in the name of Welâ—ren trauaâ—â—ed into those countries the Emperour hauing besieged their towne in the yeare of our Lorde 1518. and died of a wound giuen him by a poysoned arrow and most of his men dyed for hunger after they had eaten dogs and some Indians flesh it is a Bâ—shoprâ—cite the towne being called Venezuela because it is binlded in the water vpon an euen rocke which water and lake is called Mâ—â—acaâ—â—o and by the Spaniards Lagâ— di Nostra Dâ—nna the women of this place are preuder better mannered then others of the prouâ—ces thereabouts they painte their brests and armes al the rest of their bodies are naked only their priuities which they couer with certain deaths which to leaue off were great shame vnto theÌ„ likewise if any man should lift it vp he shuld do them great 〈◊〉 dishouor The maides are knowne by their colour the greatnes of their girdles that they weare which is a certaine signe oâ— their maidenhead The men carrte theyr members in a shell they prâ—â— to Idols and to the diuel whom they paint in such a â—riue as he instructeth them or as hee the â—â—d himselfe vnto them In warres they vse poysoned arrowes pikes of fiue and 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—ful long kniues of reedes great tâ—â—â—â—s made of barks of trees and also of 〈◊〉 Their priests which also are Phâ—â—â—tions aske the sicke person by whom they are sent for if they certainly beleeue that they 〈◊〉 help them and then lay their hands vpon the place where they say theyr paines â—â—postumes or swellings are crying or calling out and if it fortune that they heale not they put the fault either in the sicke person or in their gods and in thâ—s sort their Phâ—â—tions deale with them In the â—â—â—ht time they mourne for theyr Lords which is singing certaine songs in their commendations that done they roast them and beate them to smal pouder which them drink in wine which among them is a great honour From Venezuela to Câ—â— S. Roman is eighty miles and from S. Roâ—â—n to Golfo Triste are fiftie miles wherein lyeth Curiana Curiana CVriana hath a hauen like that of Callice in Spaine where on the shore there are about eight houses but not farre from thence within the land there was a vâ—llage full of people that went naked but very friendly for ple innocent and familar and receiued the Spaniards wâ—th great ioy and for pinnes néedles Lels glasses and beads they gaue them many strings of pearles receiuing them into their houses seruing them with al kinds of meates and for foure pinnes gaue them a peacocke for two pins a phesant for one pinne a turtle doue or house pigeon for a stone gâ—â—sse or a pin or two a gooâ—â— they asking them what they would do with the pinnes seeing they were naked they said they were good to pick their teeth and for the belles they tooke great delight to heare them ring the country is very ful of the birdes before rehearsed also of hartes wilde swine and cennies of colour and greatnesse like our hares which birdes and deeres flesh is their meate as also the pearle oysters whereof thereabouts are great aboundance and much eaten they are al very sâ—â—ful in shooting at wild beasts and birds their beates are hewed out of a peece of hard wood but not so well proportioned as those of the Canniballes and in Hâ—spaniâ—lâ— which they call Gallâ—â—s their houses are made of wood and couered with palme 〈◊〉 â—â—ues wherein when they are at resâ— thâ—â— may easily heare the fearefull cries of wilde beasts which hurt not any man for 〈◊〉 inhabitants go al naked and without campany into the wooddes onely with their beâ—â—s and arrowes and not it was neuer heard that any of them was euer slaine or deuoured by wild beasts They likewise brought the Spaniardes as many hartes and wilde swine as they desired all killed with theyr arrowes their breade is of rootes or Maiz like other Indians the people haue blacke and halfe curled hayre and somewhat long they make their teeth white with an hearb which all the day they chawe in their mouthes which hauing chawed they spâ—tte out againe washing their mouthes The women are better for keeping of a house than to labour in the fieldes and the men vse to worke in the groundes and to hunt also to goe to warres to dance and to play In their houses they haue many earthen vessels as cups pots such like which are brought them from other places They keepe certayne yéerely fayres euery one carrying to ech other such things as they want They weare strings of pearles about their necks as common as the countrey women in Italie weare cristall beades whereon hangeth many beastes and birdes made of base gold like Rheins gold which is brought vnto them from Carichieta sixe dayes iourney from thence towardes the south and when the Spaniardes asked of them where they had the golde they made signes which way shewing them it was in an other countrey beyond them but counselled them not to go thither saying they were Canniballes and such as eate mans flesh The men bore a goard which they weare for a codpeece and tie about their middles with a
hornes and a shorter neck long hanging eares smaller and longer legs a whole foot like an asse so that it is not wrong named to be called a cow asse yet different from both first because it hath a short taile as many beasts in America haue no tailes at al sharpe téeth yet without any corage for it runs from a man the Brasilians shoot at this beast with their arrowes or else take them in pits which they dig for the purpose esteeme much of it because of the skin they hauing fleyed it off they cutte the hide in rounde péeces which they drie in the Sunne whereof they make buklers wherwith they defend them selues from the enemies arrowes for that by reason of the heate of the sunne they become so harde that no arrow will pierce them be they neuer so fiercely drawne The flesh of the beast tasteth much like our bores flesh and by the Brasilians it is rosted vpon the coales and so kept for that because they haue no salt they al broyle theyr meat vpon woodden gardirons and so kéepe it in euery village you finde such girdirons which oftentimes he ful of mens flesh Secondly they haue a certaine kinde of Hart by them called Seouaslous yet lesse then ours and with shorter hornes with long haire like goates and wilde American Swine by them called â—aroslou which is as bigge of bodye eares head and feete as ours are as also the like teeth which are verie dangerous but because it is leaner and ranker and grinneth fearefully therefore it is mis-shapen This beast by nature hath a hole in the backe as the sea Swine haue in theyr heades whereat they receiue and cast foorth theyr breath There is likewise a fine coloured beast called Agouti which is a kind of hart with clouen feete a shorte taile with a nose and cares much like a hare very pleasant and sauorie of taste there are also two or thrée kindes of beasts called Tapitis not much vnlike our hares red of haire in the woods are great rats of body and haire like Ekehornes in tast not much vnlike our conies Pag. or Pague a beast of the height and greater theÌ„ an indifferent Grayhound with an euil fauored head a faire skin speckled white and blacke of taste much like veale There is likewise another beast called Sarigoy which because it stinketh y e Barbarians wil not eate yet it is good sauory flesh specially when the fat of the kidnies wherin the stinke lieth is taken away There are also Tatous or Armadillen wherof in other places I haue spoken which are of very white good and sauorie flesh also there are certaine Crocadiles which they cal Iacare as big as a mans leg and indifferent long not hurtfull they come into their houses where the children play with them without any danger The Crocadiles in those countries haue a wider mouth high feet y e taile neither round nor sharp but very thin at the end ther are likewise diuers kinds of Easts speckled like our little ones of foure or fiue foot long in thicknes correspondent feareful to behold but keepe in riuers moores like frogs doing no hurt they cal them Touous being sleyed soddeÌ„ they surpasse al meates for taste goodnes their flesh being as white as a capons flesh sweet short excelleÌ„t good They haue great toades which the Toupinambauiltu eate whole being rosted so that they are not poyson like our toades they eat likewise snakes of the bignesse of a mans arme fiue foote long but of no great taste ther are also many other snakes specially in the riuers that are as gréen as grasse long thin whose sting is very dangerous there are also in some meeres of woods diuers great and dangerous Easts Iohanes Lerus writeth that passing through a wood he met an East as bigge as a mans bodye of fiue or six foot long al couered with white scales like oyster shels which lifted vp one of her forefeete and casting vp her head looked vpon him with staring eyes breathing at the mouth most feareful to beholde and after he and his companie had stayed a quarter of an houre to behold it it clome vp y e hil with such a noise ouer and through the trées that not any Hart running through the wood could make a greater noyse There is yet in this countrey another kind of strange beast caled Ian-ouare feeding only vpon the pray this beast for length of legs and swiftnes is like the Grayhound but vnder the chinne it hath a beard or certain long haire a speckled skin like a Linx and in other parts not vnlike the Linx this beast is much feared by the Brasilians for that whatsoeuer it taketh it teareth it in peeces and spoyleth it like a Lion feeding therof the Indians take this beast in pits to reuenge themselues they cause her therin to pine to death wherby they double her paine Méerecats are there in great aboundance that are small blacke by them called Cay and among the rest one kind of Méerecat called Sagouin of a verie fayre coloured haire as big and of haire as an Ekehorne but as touching the forme of the chaps breast and necke other parts altogither like a lion being one of the airest little beastes in al that country but for the tendernes therof it cannot be brought ouer sea There is yet another very strange beast by the Indians caled Hay as big as a dog with a face like a Méerecat a hanging belly like a sow that hath new farrowed of haire dark white al black with a long taile with rough feet like a beare long clawes when it lieth in y e woods it is very wild but if they take it it will be tamed the naked Tououpinambaultiers play not willingly with it because it hath verie sharpe clawes no man as the Indians say did euer sée this beast wild or tame to eate any thing but as they think it liueth by y e aire wherof I haue spokeÌ„ in other places Lastly there is yet another strange beast called Coaty as high as a Hare with short speckled haire smal sharpe eies a head very smal downe from the eies a snout that riseth vp of a foote long more round like a stick somewhat smal at the end in such maner that it is al of one bignesse with so narrow a mouth that a man can hardly thrust his little finger therein very strange to behold and being taken it pulleth all his foure feete together and falleth either vppon the one side or the other and wil not rise vnlesse they giue it mice whereof it liueth in the wood this countrey aboundeth with al kinde of foule whereof some are to be eaten and some not as Indian Hens by them called Arignow Oussou and common hennes of these countryes first brought thither by the Portingales and among them the white hens are much esteemed to pull out their feathers and
bodies as bigge as akornes hauing deepe rootes worse and more deformed than por and must be wroong off by binding a threed about them when they are ripe they paynt their mouthes and boare holes in theyr eares nose lippes and cheekes vpon their festiuall dayes wearing iewels and pearles therein the scutes by them vsed in those countries to fish as also to saile in are like drifts made of thrée fiue seuen nine and eleuen light quarters or rafters of wood laid or bound together as men binde mastes and let them driue vppon the water and their manner is to binde the longest in the middle and the rest on both sides shorter than other and as their driftes are long or short so are their sailes proportioned and when they haue brought their drift a good way forwarâ— they throwe bread fruit and such like things into the sea praying for a good winde as being weary and wholly without strength to rowe any more The doores of the Churches in that Countrey stand Eastward hanged with certaine cotton linnen and in euery church there standeth two grauen Images of forme like blacke Buckes and before them there is a fire made of swéete wood which groweth in that countrey which fire burneth continually out of the which wood the barke being taken away there issueth a certaine sweet gumme I thinke it to be Cedar from whence the gumme Elemi is taken which is accounted for the life of the dead and the death of the liuing because it preserueth the dead body from putrifaction There are also in those temples certain Images of great serpents which they pray vnto and besides these common idolles euery man hath his seuerall Idoll each man according to the trade he vseth as the Fishermen a greate fish and the Hunters a hart or the Image of some wilde beast by the Cape Passao in some churches vpon euery piller thereof were placed the bodies of men women and children crucified that were so well kept and dried that by no meanes they could rot or cast foorth any vnswéete sauour there were likewise the heads of Indians set vpon nailes which with some certaine substaunce they had so closed and knitte together that they were no bigger in compasse than a mans fist their houses are made of great thicke réedes which growe in that countrey but for fruite they haue very little Procéeding further to the description of the coast and folowing on south and southweast to Cape saint Elena before you come to that poynt there are two hauens one called Colao the other Calemgo where the shippes anker to take in fresh water and woodde to burne and from the poynt saint Laurence to Cape saint Elena are full nine miles and lieth vnder twoo degrees and from the point towardes the north it maketh a hooke of land which is a very good Hauen about a bowe shoote from thence there standeth a fountayne which by certaine veines runneth into the sea from whence there issueth a certayne Bitumen altogether like pitch and by the Spaniardes is vsed about their shippes insteede of tarre and the Peruuians say that about that point in times past there dwelt great men like Giants but they knew not from whence they came and fedde vppon such meate as their neighbours vsed specially fish Those Giauntes fished likewise vppon drifts and manye times came on foote to land through the water where they had at the least two fadome déepe and somewhat more They went naked and were most cruell killing many of the people thereabouts When the Spaniardes arriued at Porto Vero they found therein two Images of those Giantes a man and a woman and the Peruuians say likewise that the destruction of those Giauntes was done by a boy that came downe from heauen shining like the Sunne that fought against them with fiery flames in such manner that where the flames touched they tare and rent the stones the rents and holes whereof are at this day to be seene and by that meanes the Giauntes ranne into certayne holes to hide themselues where they were all destroyed This tale was not greatly beléeued by the Spaniardes vntill one Iohn de Helmos borne in Truxillio Gouernour of Porto Vero in the yeare of our Lorde God euerlasting one thousand fiue hundred fourtie and thrée caused certayne places to bee digged vppe where they found so great bones and ribbes that it was incredible to bee mens bones but that they found the heads lying by them the teeth thereof being three fingers broad and foure fingers long and fiue quarters square which were sent into diuers places of Peru and from that time the Peruuians tale thereof was beleeued to be true The Spaniards opinions are that because the Giantes were giuen to sinne against the lawes of nature that the most righteous God had destroyed them by his Angel with fire from heauen as he did the Citties of Sodome and Gomorrha Yet is this not certainely to be credited because the Americans haue no histories bookes nor other writings to record the same onely the memories and rehearsalles of menne from time to time and by some tokens and memorialles there made of all sortes of painted cotten ropes which they call Quippos signifying by the number of knottes made of diuers fashions that which they would remember beginning from the bottome and so telling vpwardes from one to tenne and so forth painting the ropes of the same colour that the things were of which they woulde thereby signifie or haue in memorie whereof the Spaniardes by their Barbarian crueltie and negligence haue spoyled great numbers in euery prouince there were menne appoynted for the purpose in that manner to register such things as had happened as you may reade more at large in the Historie of Mexico those that did it were caled Quippo camayos of which cordes there were whole houses full which by such as were acquainted with them could easily be tolde although the things had béene done many yeeres before but returning againe to the description of the coast from the point of saint Elena you saile to the riuer of Tumbez which lieth almost nineteene miles off and from thence about foure miles lieth the Islande Pâ—na otherwise called the Island of Saint Iacob which is more than seuen miles and one half in compasse very rich and inhabited with so many people that they warred continually with the men of Tumbez and the people of the firme land betweene them hauing had many battells in open field but by continuaunce of tune and power of the Spaniardes they were in the ende wholely subdued This Island is very fruitful and ful of al sorts of trees abounding both with wilde beastes and fish also of fresh water for their apparel they vsed shirts and other clothes they fish with drifts of light wood bound vpon two other peeces of woodde as their neighbors do of the which drifts some of them are so great that at the least fiftie men and three horses might sit vpon them
Church and keepe the rest for themselues and you must vnderstand that all the offerings must be wrought with golde and siluer and of such forme and fashion as the thing is which they desire to haue of their Guaca They offer also liuing men and all kindes of beastes looking in the hearts and intrailes of the men or beastes which they did offer for certaine secret tokens which if they founde not vpon the offerings they still offered newe men or beasts vntil they founde the tokens thinking the Idoll not to be pleased with such offrings as had them not When the priests should offer sacrifices then they abstaine from the company of their wiues and ceased not all night to doo nothing but crie out and pray to the diuell running into the fieldes and to the places where the Guacas stande whereof there were so many that euerie man hadde one before his dore and the day before they should speake with the diuell they fasted some binding a thing before their eies and some thrust them cleane out and it hath often bene seene that some of them haue done it of meere deuotion The kinges and noble menne enterprise not any thing before they haue consulted with the Priestes and the Priests with the Idoles in their sacrifices they vse not onely beastes but menne and children but they eate not mans flesh as the Caniballes do When the Spaniardes spoyled their Temples they founde therein many pottes full of the dried bones and flesh of dead children that had bin offered to their Idolles they offer likewise birdes and other beastes and with the bloud of their offerings they annoint the mouthes of their Idolles and the dores of their churches There was likewise among the golde that lay by their idolles certaine staues and myters for Bishops such as our Bishops vse when they are in their robes or as the Painters vse to set foorth Saint Nicholas with his Crosse and Myter and being asked what those things meant they knew not what to answere neyther from whence they came Besides those great temples of the Sunne and Guacas there were in all places of the countrey of Peru many other Churches and Cloysters for yong maides wherein some had one hundred some two hundred and some more al obseruing chastitie or at the least vowing to keepe it and to honour the Sunne like the Vastal virgins in Rome or our Nuns Those they called Mamacomas and were bound to stay in the cloyster during their liues and neuer to depart from thence dooing nothing but spinne weaue and sowe very fine cloth of cotten and wooll apparell and furnitures for their Idolles or as others affirme the clothes by them made were burnt with the bones of white sheepe the ashes whereof as a signe and token of godly honour they threw into the ayre against the Sunne Those maides were verye narrowely looked vnto by certaine Priestes and other men appoynted for the purpose wherof some were gelded because they should not seeke to defile them which if the maides once committed they were eyther put to death or buried quicke but if the maide with childe would take her othe that it was begotten by the Sunne then the childe was free from death and euerye yeere in the moneth of August when they had gathered in their corne or maiz the Perâ—uians that dwelt in the hilles made a great feast they set vp in the middle of their Market place two great hie trees like our Maie-poles and in the top of them they placed certaine Images made like men compassed about with flowers and so in roundes yet in good order comming thither they strike vp drummes throwing and showting one after the other with stones and arrowes at those Images making great noyse with whooping and hallowing and euery man hauing shott and thrown The Priests brought an other Image which was set belowe on the neather part of the trees whereunto they offered either a man or a sheepe annoynting the Image with the bloud thereof and after they perceiued the tokens in the heart or intrailes they certified it vnto the people and the tokens being found the feast was ended eyther with ioy or sadnes most part in drinking wherunto they are much addicted and so daunced turning and passing vnder each others armes each man hauing either a bill clubbe or some other weapon in his hand such as are desirous to know more of their ceremonies and false worshippings of Idoles let them reade the histories of the Spanish Indies The countrey of Peru was first ruled by Iudges which are Kings or Rulers that come from the great lake called Titicara or as some write Titicaca lying in Charcas being foure score miles in compasse which runneth westward through a great riuer which in some places is halfe a mile broad and then runneth into an other small lake fortie miles distant and it is to be wondered at how the abundaunce of water that runneth out of the great lake is comprehended in so small a place where it is not once perceiued to increase The lake beeing so small and the water so great but it is reported that in that lake there is no botome or ground and that the water runneth vnder the ground thorow the earth into another sea or riuer as it is saide of the riuer Alpheus that it runneth from Peioponces or Moica to Cicilia vnder the ground and from this lake or thereabouts the kings of Peru had their originall the petegree of which kings is by Iacob Fernando a Spaniard declared in this manner Frst Mango Capa who according to the Indians report was not borne of a woman but sprang out of a stone which vntill this day is yet shewne by them about the towne of Cusco hee by his wife Mama Guaco had issue one sonne called Sicheroca that ruled after his father and was the second Ingen or king you must vnderstand that the inheritance of the kingdome continueth in the issue sons successiuely and not vnto the children of the sonnes before all the brothers haue raigned one after another but first the eldest sonne is King then after his death his second brother succeedeth in the kingdome and not the eldest brothers sonnes and the second brother dying there being no more brethren the crowne falleth vnto the eldest brothers sonnes without alteration or change this Sicheroca was a valiant souldier like his father and broght many of his neighbours to subiection and by Mama Cura he had issue a sonne called Locuco Pangue the third king who studied rather to holde those landes he had vnder his subiection then to win or increase more vnto them and being aged he married a wife Mama Anauerque by whom he had a sonne called Maita Capa that augmented his kingdome and thervnto ioyned the prouince of Cusco and by his wife Mama Iacchi Dela he had issue a sonne called Capa Cyupangu of whom there is nothing worthy memory onely that he left a sonne by his wife Mama Cagna called Inga
Ruca who likwise did no speciall thing during his life but onely by his wife Mama Mâ—cay he had diuers sonnes and one among the rest called Iaguar Guacinga Iupangue of whome there is a strange history recited which is y t he being a child of y e age of thrée monthes was taken by certaine Caciquen that are likewise Lordes or kinges that thought to kil him and while they coÌ„sulted amongst themselues coÌ„cerning his death it chanced that as the childe cried certaine drops of blood issued out of his eyes whereby they were abashed estéeming it for a miracle they left the child and departed which being taken vp by a stranger was caried to the king and after that became great and proued a braue souldier so that he ouercam many of his neighbours and brought them in subiection vnder him he had to wife Mama Chipuia and by her had his eldest sonne named Viâ—a Cocham that succéeded him in his kingdome and much increased his dominions after him raigned Pachacoti his sonne borne of Mama Yunta Cayan this Prince was much valanter then al his predecessors whereby he ouercame many people and by him the foundation of the castle of Cusco was first begun and dying he left for heire and successor of his kingdome â—opa Inga Iupangue his sonne borne of Mama Anaberque that followed his fathers steppes and ouercame many people and brought them in subiection and finished the castle of Cusco begun by his father The prouinces by him won were Câ—iâ—e and Quito and he caused the kinges hie-waye so much wondered at of all the worlde to be made from Cusco through the prouince of Charcas vnto Chile in the which way from halfe mile to halfe mile he had placed postes by them called Chasquis which were Indians that went faster then any of our horses to the great ease and contentment of trauailers for by that means they might shorten their way and in three dayes trauaile 120 Lâ—uken that is 240 miles by reason of the swiftnes of the men that bare them and stoode for postes after the Aâ—trican manner in the kingdome of Congo as I haue already declared for that after the ariual of the Spaniardes there were neither horses asses nor mules within the country whereon men should ride or trauaile withal This king dying left issue aboue 150. sonnes among the which one of them named Guaynacapa begotten vpon Mama Oclo his wife succeeded him in his kingdom not any thing inferior for valour wisedom and councell both in peace and war much augmenting and increasing the limites of his countrie obseruing great order and equitie in all thinges both concerning the gouernment of the countrie and the people appointing better orders and manie olde and ancient lawes that were vnfit and not conuenient he caused to be abrogated and newe deuised in their place hee maried a wife called Coyam Pilico vaco by whom hauing no children he maried diuers other wiues so that the number of his children was much greater then his fathers who notwithstanding had 150 sonnes Among his children the eldest was called Guascar Inga his mother being called Raua Oclo and as I said before this king Guainacapa much increased in his kingdome and ouercame many people among the which hee helde so good gouernment and order as it séemed in manner vnpossible specially among such rude simple people that were wholy without learning wherein appeered a most manifest example of great subiection and loue in his subiects towards their naturall Lordes and herevpon to his great honour they made the two notable and costly hie-waies so much esteemed in al couÌ„tries and may well be accounted for one of the seauen wonders of the world for when Guainacapa was gon from Cusco with his armie to make warre against the prouince of Quito distant from thence at the least 500 miles he was forced to passe ouer high hills whereby both he and his people indured great trouble and miserie because 〈◊〉 war was full of hard and rough stones before his returne againe being victorious his subiects in token of great ioy as also for his further â—ase and comoditie because hee and his souldiers had indeed so hard and laboursome a â—ournâ—e cut downe and digged vp all the 〈◊〉 waies and stonie cliffes making the waye euen and plaine so that in some places there were vallyes of twentie or thirtie mens height that were filled vp and made euen with the hilles which way they made in that maner for y e length of fiue hundred miles so plaine and euen that any cart or wagon might trauell theron which way after the Spaniards ariual in the contrie was in diuers places spoiled and destroied to let the Indians from traueling that way and thinking this not sufficient when the saide Guainacapa went to visit his country of Quito and tooke his waie through the plain country they likewise made him another way to fill all the vallies and â—rish places therein and to make them euen which way they made about fortie foote broad on both sides with high walles and in the sandy waies they set great â—roughes with ropes tied vnto theÌ„ because men should not lose themselues in the waâ—e which stretched likewise 500 miles the walles as yet in some places are to be seene but by meanes of their warres the Banks for the most part are taken away and burnt and besides all this he him selfe caused many temples of the sunne and other Idoles and diuers Taâ—â—boâ— which are houses of munition and of pleasure for the benefit and commodity of his successors in time of warre to be made and builded as wel on the hils as in the plain countrie both on the riuer sides as in euery way the riuers whereof are at this day in many places to be seene whereby may be coniectured the greatnes and riches of those kings and the great care they had for the defence and safetie of their countries for that heereby when they trauailed through the countrie not only they and all their companie might lodge in those houses but the houses were still furnished and prouided by the people inhabiting about them not only with victuals sufficient for a whole armie but also with apparel and al kinde of weapons that were vsed in the warrs therewith presently to apparell their souldiers and to make them ready for the warres as bowes arrowes pikes halberds clubbes bils c. for 20000. or 30000 men presently to bee raised wherof there was no want and those houses were some 8 or 10 and some twentie miles at the furthest one from the other neuer further distaÌ„t then a days iourney As touching the ornaments of the kings of Peru which they in steed of crownes and princely septers vsed to weare therby to shew their power and maiestie they ware certaine tassels of red woole bound about their heads hanging downe vppon their shoulders almost couering their eies whereat there hung other threeds which they vsed when they would haue any thing
done or executed giuing that thrid vnto one of the Lordes that attended on them and by that commandement gouerned the prouinces and by that token they commaunded al whatsoeuer they would desire which by their subiects was with so great diligeÌ„ce and dutiful obedience fulfilled that the like was neuer knowen in any place throughout the world and if hee chanced to command that a whole prouince shuld be clean destroyed and vtterly left desolate both of men and all liuing creatures whatsoeuer both yong old if he sent but one of his seruants to execute the same although he sent no other power or aide of men nor other commission then one of the theerds of his Quispell it was sufficient and they willingly yeelded themselues to all dangers of death or destruction whatsoeuer These kings were borne in chariots or seats made of beaten golde borne on the shoulders of 1000. Lordes and councelours at times thereunto appointed wherof if any of them vnaduisedly stumbled staggered he was presently put to death and no man spake vnto the king at any time but they brought him certaine presents and if they went to speake with him ten times in a daie so often must they preseÌ„t him with new gifts it was likewise accounted for a great fault so looke y e king in the face Being in the wars and hauing ouercome any countrie or prouince they obserued the ancient custom of Rome which was to take the people with them that they might not rise vp or rebell against them yet with great diffrence from the Romaines for that hauing won â—ame land or prouince they tooke many or â—â—we out of it according to the number of people that were therein if these whom they had conquered inhabited in a hot countrie they were placed in another warme country if theirs were cold they likewise went into a cold countrie where they had the lands deuided among theÌ„ that each man might liue vpon it And it the naturall countâ—â—men of any prouince or place wâ— to â—â—bel against their prince the kings Liâ—tenants and CoÌ„maunders vsed the 〈◊〉 as â—hat is the strange people to keep them in subiection and to the contrarie if the Mitimaes seemed once to stirre or rise vp they kept them in subiection by the naturall inhabitants and by this policie they maintained their countrie in great peace and quietnesse Besides this they vsed another meanes not to bee hated of their subiects for that they neuer tooke the rule or authoritie of any people that were subdued by them from the Caciquen or Lords that were nobly borne if any of them disliked thereof they punished him yet gaue his office either to his children or to his brethren commaunding them to bee obedient when they went to hunt and take their pleasures which they call Chico they assembled many men together according to the scituation of the countrey some times foure or 5000. men whom they placed in a ring together that many times compassed at the least two or three miles and so singing a certain song they followed each other foote by foote vntil they were so neare togither that they might reach hands and yet nearer till they could imbrace each other the nerer they went together the closer they made the ring by which meanes al the beasts by them inclosed they killed as they thought good with so great a noyse and crie as seemed incredible not much vnlike the maner of the Duch Princes in their general huntings specially of the Wolues onely that they haue not so many men nor sing not yet make a great noyse The beasts that they take are wild Sheepe Rheen Foxes Lions blacke Beares Cattes many Hogges and other beasts foules as Turtle doues Quailes Spetchten Parrots Hawkes c. The tributes and talages that the kings receiued of their subiects were things of their owne increase out of the countreyes that were vnfruitfull they brought him Hoopwik of Crocadiles by them called Caymans and many other wormes This Guaynacapa renewed the temple of the sunne in the Citie of Cusco couering the wals and ruffes with plates of gold and siluer and as I said before the prouince and countrey of Quito was woon by him which countrey pleased him so well that for a time hee continued therein meane time leauing his eldest son Guascar Iuga Mango and other of his children in Cusco to gouerne the countrey and in Quito hee married another Wife daughter to the Lord of the same prouince and by hir he had Atabalipam a son whom he greatly loued and when he trauailed to Cusco hee left him and others in Quito yet before he dyed he went once againe to Quito partly because the country liked him so well and partly to sée his sonne Atabalipam and there before he dyed hee ordained that the countrey and towne of Quito shuld remaine to his sonne Atabalipam and his heires for euer as beeing taken from his forefathers which his sonne Guascar after his fathers death would not permitte and for the same cause raised warres against his brother which in the ende was the ouerthrow and subiection of Peru whereof as in the life of Gualcaâ— that after his fathers death ruled all the countrey vnto Quito it appeareth Guascar signifieth a cord or cable for that at the time of his birth the king caused a cable of gold to be made as great as two hundred Indians could carry hee vsed likewise a plate of golde whereon hee sate worth at the least 25000. duckets which after fell into the hands of Francisco Pizarro first gouernour of Peru and all his vessel was of golde whereby it appeareth that golde was likewise much esteemed by them The Kings in Cusco had many goldesmiths shoppes therein to make and worke al kinde of vessels Iewels and images of men beastes foules and hearbes of golde al in good proportion and although theyr Goldsmithes vsed not any iron tooles yet they make most excellent workmanshippe although somewhat groser and plainer then ours The manner of working was in this sort first they tooke the siluer or golde that they would melt and put it in rounde or long melting vessels made of cloath pasted about with earth and beaten colours which being drie they set it in the fire with as much golde and siluer therein as they would melt or as it would hold and so with fiue or sixe reedes blowe so long about it vntill the mettall melted and became redde hot and the skimme being taken off it being taken out of the melting vessell euerie man had his part which they sitting vppon the earth with blacke Keâ—ciâ—ick stones made in form like hammers they forged framed theyr images of Gods vessels and Iewels of gold chaines and formes of all kinde of beastes birdes and hearbes with all manner of things But to returne vnto our former matter the Sonnes of Guaynacaâ—a called Guascar and Atabalipa were the cause of the destruction ruine and ouerthrowe of the countrey of Peru by reason
the battaile by him erected hee wonne the Castle and towne of Septa from the Mores in Barbaria or Affrica and was Father to the Infant Don Ferdinand that is Canonized for a Saint After him raigned his sonne Don Duarte or Eduart and was the 11. king of Portingale he liued 42. yeares whereof he raigned 5. yeares king hee died in the Pallace of the couent of Thomar in Anno 1438. he lieth buried in the Cloyster of the battaile Don Alfonso his sonne was borne in S. Arein in the yeare of our Lord 1432. and because he was but 6. yeares of age wheÌ„ his Father died his vncle the Infant Don Pedro raigned in his place vntill the yeare of our Lord 1448. Then the said Don Afonso was himselfe crowned king was the 12 king of Portingale he died in S. Arein in y e same chamber where he was borne the 28 of August 1481. and lieth buried by his Ancestors in the Cloyster of the battaile After his death raigned his sonne Don Ioan the great called the seconde of that name being the 13. King of Portingal he was borne in Lisbone the 4. of May anno 1455. hee did openly himselfe being present cause Don Fernando Duke of Beâ—ganca vpon the market place of the towne of Euora to be beheaded on the 22. of Iune in An. 1483. with his owne hand with a Poynyard slew Don Domingos Duke of Begia brother to his wife Dona Lianor presently calling Don Manoel the said Dukes brother gaue him the same Dukedome with all that belonged therunto he liued 40. yeres and died at Aluor in the bath the 25. of October An. 1495. lieth buried in the Cloister of the battaile by his Ancestors died without issue By his last Wil and Testament he gaue the Crowne of Portingale vnto Don Manoel Duke of Viseu who was crowned king of Portingale was the 14. king hée was crowned in Alcacer do Sal the 27. of October An. 1495. he caused all the Iewes in his land eyther willingly or by force to such as refused it to be christened in the yere of our Lord 1499. and caused all the Mores that dwelt at Lisbone without the gate of Moreria to be banished whereof the gate to this day holdeth the name In the â—â—me of this king there happened an insurrection of Portingales in Lisbone against the new Christened Iewes whereby they slew certaine hundereths of them both men women and children burning some of them with a thousand other mischiefes robbing their houses shops and goods for the which the king did great Iustice and finding out the principall beginners of the same caused them to bée punished This king did first discouer and by his captaines souldiers conquered y e Countries and passages into the East Indies and y e orientall countries for spices also the hauens passages in Prester Iohns land hee likewise conquered the towns fortresses of Saffâ—in Azamor in Affrica he died in an 1521. vpon S. Luces day lieth buried in the Cloyster of Bethlehem by the dutchmeÌ„ called Roysters After his death raigned his son Don Ioan the 3. was the 15. king of Portingale he was borne in the month of Iune in Anno 1502. in the citie of Lisbone where he was crowned in anno 1521. he was simple curteous mild and a great friend vnto all religious persons as also to all students he fouÌ„ded the vniuersitie of Coymbra and other colledges died the 11. of Iune An. 1557. lieth buried in the Cloyster of Bethelem or Roysters After his death was crowned Don Sebastian and was the 16. king of Portingale he was son to the Prince of Portingale eldest sonne to the aforesaid Don Ioan that maried with Dona Ioana daughter to the Emperour Charles the fift and Sister to Phillip king of Spaine which Prince dying before his father left his wife great with childe of this Don Sebastian who after the death of his Grandfather was Crowned king of Portingale he was born on Sebastians day in the yeare of our Lord 1553. hee passed with a great armie into Africa to conquere the countrie in the yeare 1578. where hee with most of his Armie was slaine the rest taken prisoners and so died without issue After this ouerthrow and death of the said king Don Sabastian was Crowned Don Henricke a Cardinall vncle vnto the saide Don Sabastian and was the 17. King of Portingale and died without issue in Anno 1580. leauing by his last will and testament for heire of the Crowne of Portingale Don Phillip king of Spaine as lawfull successor vnto the same for that his Father Charles the 5. maried the eldest daughter of the king Don Manoel which was mother to Don Phillip king of Spaine and sister to the grandfather of Don Sebastian and of the aforesaid Don Henrick although there had bin another brother of the said don Henrick named Don Luiis who dying left a son called Don Antonio that was Prior de Ocrato of the order of the knightes of the Crosse of S. Iohns whome the Portingales chose for their king but by meanes of the great power and might of the king of Spaine who by monie had gotten the greatest part of the nobilitie of Portingale to hold with him partly by monie and partly by force he got the kingdome into his hands and subiection driuing Don Antonio out of the countrie so in anno 1581. he came into Portingale in Lisbon was crowned king in the cloyster of Thomar by all the 3 estates of the countrie that is the nobility spiritualtie and commons is the 18. king of Portingale who as yet liueth raigneth ouer the same countrie whereby the Crowne of Portingale is now fallen into the handes of the kinges of Spaine hauing continued in the handes of the kinges of Portingales for the space of 442. yeares which their successors till then inioyed being of the race and progenie of the house of Loraine Thus endeth the fourth Booke FINIS TYPVS ORBIS TERRARVM QVID EI POTEST VIDERI MAGNVM IN REBVS HVMANIS CVI AETERNITAS OMNIS TOTIVSQVE MVNDI NOTA SIT MAGNI TV DO CICERO Exacta acurata deliucatio cum orarum maritimarum tum etiam sororum terrestrium quae in regionibus China Cauchinchinâ— Cambojn siue Câ—ampa Syao Malaca Aracan Pegu una cum omnium vicinarum iusu latum descriptione ut sunt Samatra Java utraque Timora Molucca Philippinâ— Luconja de Leqveos dicta nec non insulae Japan Corece reliquaeque omnes adsacentes ubj etiam adnotauimus scopulos â—reviâ—i omniaque Vadosa loca siquce alia a quibus periculum navigantibus Qvemadmodum singula hoc aeâ—o à Lusitanis nauium gubernatoribus còmperta inaâ—â—gitata in tobulaâ— relaâ—a fuere Equoâ—um recentibus ac emen daâ—is tabulis perqà m studiose haec destribi ex primiâ— curavimus in eorum hominum coÌ„modum quibus ista usvi voluptatia