Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	blood_n	body_n	lord_n	7,994	5	4.1792	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A56393	Reasons for abrogating the test imposed upon all members of Parliament, anno 1678, Octob. 30 in these words, I A.B. do solemnly and sincerely, in the presence of God, profess, testifie, and declare, that I do believe that in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper there is not any transubstantiation of the elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, at, or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever, and that the invocation or adoration of the Virgin Mary, or any other saint, and the sacrifice of the mass, as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are superstitious and idolatrous : first written for the author's own satisfaction, and now published for the benefit of all others whom it may concern.	Parker, Samuel, 1640-1688.	1688 (1688)	Wing P467; ESTC R5001	62,716	138

appeal_n to_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n if_o when_o they_o consider_v serious_o with_o themselves_o they_o have_v any_o distinct_a idea_n or_o notion_n in_o their_o mind_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o here_o so_o solemn_o renounce_v i_o fancy_n if_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v his_o own_o account_n of_o it_o whatever_o transubstantiation_n may_v be_v it_o will_v certain_o be_v babel_n the_o two_o father_n or_o rather_o midwives_n of_o the_o first_o transubstantiation_n test_n in_o the_o year_n 1673._o be_v the_o two_o famous_a burgess_n of_o oxon_n who_o bring_v it_o forth_o without_o so_o much_o as_o consult_v their_o learned_a university_n how_o much_o the_o gentleman_n burgess_n understand_v i_o can_v only_o guess_v but_o i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o his_o brother_n the_o alderman_n if_o the_o trial_n be_v make_v can_v so_o much_o as_o pronounce_v the_o word_n much_o less_o hammer_n out_o the_o notion_n in_o short_a there_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o profane_a levity_n in_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o a_o shameless_a abuse_n put_v upon_o god_n and_o religion_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o wicked_a design_n of_o a_o rebel_n faction_n as_o the_o event_n have_v prove_v but_o for_o the_o true_a state_n of_o this_o matter_n i_o find_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o brief_a historical_a account_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o this_o controversy_n of_o transubstantiation_n which_o when_o i_o have_v do_v the_o result_n and_o sum_n of_o the_o account_n will_v be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n in_o which_o christendom_n more_o both_o agree_v and_o disagree_v all_o party_n consent_v in_o the_o thing_n and_o differ_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o here_o the_o history_n will_v branch_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n i._o as_o the_o matter_n be_v state_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n ii_o as_o it_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o protestant_a church_n where_o the_o first_o part_n will_v sub-divide_a itself_o into_o two_o other_o branch_n one_a the_o ecclesiastical_a account_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o authoritative_a definition_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o church_n about_o it_o and_o 2_o the_o scholastical_a account_n or_o the_o various_a dispute_n of_o the_o schoolman_n among_o themselves_o in_o their_o cell_n and_o cloister_n none_o of_o which_o be_v ever_o vouch_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n and_o when_o i_o have_v represent_v the_o whole_a matter_n of_o fact_n i_o may_v safe_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o wisdom_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o judge_v whether_o of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n transubstantiation_n be_v not_o the_o unfit_a thing_n in_o it_o to_o set_v up_o for_o a_o state_n test_n in_o the_o first_o place_n than_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o man_n that_o be_v but_o ordinary_o conversant_a in_o ecclesiastical_a learning_n that_o the_o ancient_a father_n from_o age_n to_o age_n assert_v the_o real_a and_o substantial_a presence_n in_o very_o high_a and_o expressive_a term_n the_o greek_n style_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n agreeable_a with_o the_o greek_n conversion_n transmutation_n transformation_n transfiguration_n transelementation_n and_o at_o length_n transubstantiation_n by_o all_o which_o they_o express_v nothing_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o the_o real_a and_o substantial_a presence_n in_o the_o eucharist_n but_o to_o represent_v their_o assertion_n at_o large_a will_v require_v much_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n for_o this_o short_a essay_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o from_o the_o time_n that_o it_o first_o become_v a_o controversy_n and_o the_o first_o man_n that_o make_v it_o a_o public_a dispute_n be_v berengarius_fw-la archdeacon_n of_o anger_n be_v in_o the_o eleven_o century_n about_o the_o year_n 1047_o who_o plead_v in_o his_o own_o behalf_n the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n johannes_n scotus_n erigena_n who_o pass_v without_o censure_n in_o the_o nine_o century_n but_o to_o pass_v he_o by_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o berengarius_fw-la public_o deny_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o real_a and_o substantial_a presence_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o resolve_v the_o whole_a mystery_n into_o a_o mere_a type_n and_o figure_n for_o this_o he_o be_v condemn_v of_o heresy_n in_o the_o year_n 1050_o in_o a_o council_n at_o rome_n under_o leo_n the_o nine_o and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o a_o synod_n at_o verselles_n and_o another_o at_o paris_n and_o afterward_o by_o victor_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1055._o upon_o which_o berengarius_fw-la in_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o same_o year_n submit_v and_o solemn_o recant_v his_o opinion_n but_o soon_o relapse_v pope_n nicholas_n the_o second_o summon_v a_o council_n at_o rome_n of_o 113_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1059_o where_o berengarius_fw-la abjure_v his_o opinion_n in_o this_o form_n viz._n that_o he_o anathematize_n that_o opinion_n that_o assert_n that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n after_o the_o consecration_n upon_o the_o altar_n be_v only_o a_o sacrament_n and_o not_o the_o true_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o handle_v and_o break_v by_o the_o priest_n hand_n and_o so_o eat_v by_o the_o communicant_o and_o this_o declaration_n he_o seal_v with_o a_o oath_n to_o the_o bless_a trinity_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n nicholas_n or_o rather_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o france_n a_o vehement_a enemy_n of_o berengarius_fw-la his_o doctrine_n who_o therefore_o have_v summon_v the_o forementioned_a several_a french_a council_n against_o he_o berengarius_fw-la return_v to_o his_o old_a principle_n and_o public_o justify_v they_o in_o write_v to_z the_o world._n for_o which_o he_o be_v censure_v by_o several_a provincial_a council_n but_o then_o gregory_n the_o seven_o succeed_v in_o the_o apostolic_a see_v call_v a_o council_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1078_o in_o which_o berengarius_fw-la abjure_v again_o much_o after_o the_o same_o form_n with_o the_o former_a abjuration_n but_o pope_n gregory_n not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o same_o general_a confession_n of_o the_o substantial_a presence_n that_o he_o have_v already_o elude_v in_o a_o second_o council_n hold_v the_o year_n follow_v he_o impose_v this_o from_o of_o recantation_n upon_o he_o i_o berengarius_fw-la believe_v in_o my_o heart_n and_o confess_v with_o my_o mouth_n that_o the_o thing_n upon_o the_o altar_n by_o virtue_n of_o prayer_n and_o consecration_n be_v change_v into_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o be_v the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o virgin_n and_o sacrifice_v upon_o the_o cross_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o sit_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o father_n and_o the_o true_a blood_n of_o christ_n that_o be_v shed_v out_o of_o his_o side_n not_o only_o as_o a_o sacramental_a sign_n but_o in_o propriety_n of_o nature_n and_o reality_n of_o substance_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o pretty_a bold_a assertion_n of_o the_o substantial_a presence_n but_o as_o to_o the_o modus_fw-la of_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o desine_fw-la it_z as_o himself_o declare_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o gospel_n where_o after_o have_v recite_v several_a opinion_n about_o it_o he_o conclude_v but_o these_o several_a surmise_n i_o shall_v not_o pursue_v it_o be_v enough_o that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n but_o as_o to_o the_o modus_fw-la of_o the_o conversion_n i_o be_o not_o ashamed_a to_o confess_v my_o ignorance_n and_o so_o end_v this_o controversy_n at_o that_o time_n berengarius_fw-la ever_o after_o live_v peaceable_o and_o about_o eight_o year_n after_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n but_o about_o this_o time_n aristotle_n philosophy_n be_v bring_v into_o europe_n out_o of_o arabia_n as_o it_o be_v translate_v into_o the_o arabic_a tongue_n by_o averro_n avicenna_n and_o other_o and_o out_o of_o they_o translate_v into_o latin_a for_o the_o greek_a language_n be_v at_o that_o time_n utter_o lose_v in_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world._n this_o be_v then_o a_o mighty_a novelty_n the_o schoolman_n that_o be_v the_o only_a pretender_n to_o learning_n at_o that_o time_n embrace_v it_o with_o a_o greedy_a and_o implicit_a faith_n suppose_v it_o the_o very_a gospel_n of_o all_o philosophic_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o set_v themselves_o to_o mix_v and_o blend_v it_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o christian_a school_n and_o by_o its_o rule_n and_o maxim_n to_o explain_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith._n among_o the_o rest_n he_o have_v one_o very_o odd_a

the_o learned_a patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n in_o his_o declaration_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o lutheran_n divine_n affirm_v that_o the_o catholic_n church_n believe_v that_o after_o the_o consecration_n the_o bread_n be_v change_v into_o the_o very_a body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o wine_n into_o the_o very_a blood_n by_o the_o holy_a spirit_n in_o the_o year_n 1570._o be_v hold_v a_o council_n in_o poland_n of_o the_o divine_n of_o the_o ausburg_n the_o helvetian_a and_o the_o bohemian_a confession_n in_o which_o they_o agree_v in_o this_o declaration_n as_o to_o that_o unhappy_a controversy_n of_o the_o supper_n of_o our_o lord_n we_o agree_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n as_o they_o be_v right_o understand_v by_o the_o father_n particular_o by_o irenaeus_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o mystery_n consist_v of_o two_o thing_n one_o earthly_a and_o another_o heavenly_a neither_o do_v we_o affirm_v that_o the_o element_n and_o sign_n be_v mere_a naked_a and_o empty_a thing_n signify_v to_o believer_n but_o to_o speak_v more_o clear_o and_o distinct_o we_o agree_v that_o we_o believe_v and_o confess_v the_o substantial_a presence_n of_o christ_n be_v not_o only_o signify_v to_o believer_n but_o be_v real_o hold_v forth_o distribute_v and_o exhibit_v the_o symbol_n be_v join_v with_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o not_o mere_o naked_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o sacrament_n this_o confession_n be_v confirm_v at_o several_a time_n by_o several_a follow_a synod_n in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n at_o cracow_n 1573._o at_o peterkaw_n 1578._o at_o walhoff_n 1583._o the_o first_o man_n that_o oppose_v the_o real_a and_o substantial_a presence_n be_v carolostadius_fw-la archdeacon_n of_o wirtenberg_n of_o who_o the_o candid_a and_o ingenious_a melancthon_n give_v this_o character_n that_o he_o be_v a_o furious_a man_n void_a both_o of_o wit_n learning_n and_o common_a sense_n not_o capable_a of_o any_o act_n of_o civility_n or_o good_a manner_n so_o far_o from_o any_o appearance_n of_o piety_n that_o there_o be_v most_o manifest_a footstep_n of_o his_o wickedness_n he_o condemn_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o heathen_a nation_n as_o unlawful_a and_o will_v now_o have_v all_o nation_n govern_v by_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o embrace_v the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o the_o anabaptist_n he_o set_v up_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o sacrament_n against_o luther_n mere_o out_o of_o envy_n and_o emulation_n not_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o religion_n and_o much_o more_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o which_o he_o say_v a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n both_o can_v and_o will_v attest_v though_o the_o great_a proof_n of_o his_o levity_n be_v his_o own_o write_n when_o all_o that_o disorder_n and_o schism_n that_o he_o make_v in_o the_o church_n of_o which_o he_o profess_v himself_o a_o member_n be_v found_v upon_o no_o better_a bottom_n than_o this_o slender_a nicety_n that_o when_o our_o saviour_n say_v this_o be_v my_o body_n he_o point_v not_o to_o the_o bread_n but_o to_o himself_o but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v vehement_o oppose_v by_o his_o master_n luther_n in_o behalf_n of_o a_o true_a corporeal_a presence_n especial_o in_o his_o book_n contra_fw-la coelestes_fw-la prophetas_fw-la seu_fw-la fanaticos_fw-la wherein_o he_o lay_v down_o this_o assertion_n that_o by_o the_o demonstrative_a pronoun_n hoc_fw-la christ_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v true_o and_o carnal_o present_a with_o his_o body_n in_o the_o supper_n and_o that_o the_o communication_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n of_o which_o st._n paul_n speak_v be_v to_o eat_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o bread_n neither_o be_v that_o communication_n spiritual_n only_o but_o corporeal_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o personal_a union_n of_o christ_n so_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v of_o the_o sacrament_n in_o which_o the_o bread_n and_o the_o body_n make_v up_o one_o thing_n and_o after_o a_o incomprehensible_a manner_n which_o no_o reason_n can_v fathom_n become_v one_o essence_n or_o mass_n from_o whence_o as_o man_n become_v god_n so_o the_o bread_n become_v the_o body_n and_o in_o a_o sermon_n preach_v by_o he_o the_o same_o year_n at_o wirtemberg_n against_o the_o sacramentarian_a heretic_n as_o he_o call_v they_o the_o devil_n oppose_v we_o by_o his_o fanatic_a emissary_n in_o the_o blaspheme_v the_o supper_n of_o our_o lord_n that_o dream_v the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v there_o only_o give_v as_o a_o sign_n or_o symbol_n of_o our_o christian_a profession_n nor_o will_v allow_v that_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v there_o present_v themselves_o though_o the_o word_n be_v express_v and_o perspicuous_a take_v eat_v this_o be_v my_o body_n in_o this_o controversy_n he_o be_v engage_v all_o his_o life_n against_o carolostadius_fw-la and_o other_o apostate_n from_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n give_v they_o no_o better_a title_n than_o of_o fanatic_n heretic_n betrayer_n of_o christ_n blasphemer_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o seducer_n of_o the_o world._n and_o in_o his_o last_o book_n against_o the_o divine_n of_o louvain_n in_o the_o year_n 1545_o the_o year_n before_o his_o death_n he_o make_v this_o solemn_a declaration_n we_o serious_o believe_v the_o zwinglians_n and_o all_o sacramentarian_o that_o deny_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n to_o be_v receive_v over_o carnali_fw-la in_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n to_o be_v heretic_n and_o no_o member_n of_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n so_o that_o hitherto_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o true_a old_a protestant_n both_o in_o their_o public_a confession_n and_o private_a write_n unanimous_o assert_v the_o corporeal_a and_o substantial_a presence_n as_o they_o use_v the_o word_n promiscuous_o as_o for_o the_o calvinian_a church_n grotius_n have_v observe_v very_o true_o that_o the_o calvinist_n express_v themselves_o in_o a_o quite_o different_a language_n in_o their_o confession_n from_o what_o they_o do_v in_o their_o disputation_n where_o they_o declare_v themselves_o more_o frank_o in_o their_o confession_n they_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v take_v real_o substantial_o essential_o but_o when_o you_o come_v to_o discourse'em_v close_o the_o whole_a business_n be_v spiritual_a without_o substance_n only_o with_o a_o signify_v mystery_n and_o all_o the_o reality_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o receive_n by_o faith_n which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o whole_a catholic_n church_n so_o they_o declare_v in_o the_o conference_n at_o presburg_n with_o the_o lutheran_n that_o in_o the_o sacrament_n christ_n indeed_o give_v the_o substance_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o when_o luther_n signify_v to_o bucer_n his_o jealous_o of_o the_o divine_n of_o strasburgh_n and_o bazil_n as_o if_o they_o believe_v nothing_o to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o sacrament_n but_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n bucer_n return_v this_o answer_n in_o the_o name_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o his_o brethren_n this_o be_v their_o faith_n and_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n that_o in_o it_o by_o the_o institution_n and_o power_n of_o our_o lord_n his_o true_a body_n and_o his_o true_a blood_n be_v indeed_o exhibit_v give_v and_o take_v together_o with_o the_o visible_a sign_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n as_o his_o own_o word_n declare_v this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n not_o only_o of_o zuinglius_fw-la and_o oecolampadius_n but_o the_o divine_n of_o upper_a germany_n have_v declare_v the_o same_o in_o their_o public_a confession_n and_o write_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v rather_o about_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o absence_n and_o presence_n than_o about_o the_o presence_n or_o absence_n themselves_o and_o the_o reform_a french_a church_n in_o the_o year_n 1557._o declare_v themselves_o much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o a_o synod_n of_o reform_a german_a divine_n hold_v at_o worm_n we_o confess_v that_o in_o the_o supper_n of_o our_o lord_n not_o only_o all_o the_o benefit_n of_o christ_n but_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n the_o very_a flesh_n and_o the_o very_a blood_n that_o he_o shed_v for_o we_o to_o be_v there_o not_o mere_o signify_v or_o symbolical_o typical_o or_o figurative_o as_o a_o memorial_n of_o a_o thing_n absent_a but_o true_o hold_v forth_o exhibit_v and_o offer_v to_o be_v receive_v together_o with_o the_o symbol_n that_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v think_v naked_a which_o by_o virtue_n of_o god_n promise_n always_o have_v the_o thing_n itself_o true_o and_o certain_o conjoin_v with_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o good_a or_o to_o the_o bad_a but_o what_o need_v of_o more_o witness_n when_o calvin_n himself_o the_o very_a urim_n and_o thummim_v of_o the_o calvinian_a

design_v against_o themselves_o but_o the_o high_a declaration_n of_o the_o french_a protestant_n be_v that_o send_v by_o their_o ambassador_n to_o the_o german_a divine_n assemble_v at_o worm_n anno_fw-la 1557._o in_o which_o business_n beza_n be_v chief_a manager_n we_o confess_v say_v they_o that_o in_o the_o supper_n of_o our_o lord_n not_o only_o all_o the_o benefit_n of_o christ_n but_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n the_o very_a real_a flesh_n the_o very_a blood_n that_o he_o shed_v for_o we_o not_o only_o to_o be_v signify_v or_o symbolical_o typical_o or_o figurative_o to_o be_v propose_v as_o the_o memorial_n of_o a_o thing_n absent_a but_o to_o be_v true_o represent_v exhibit_v and_o offer_v to_o be_v receive_v the_o symbol_n by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v think_v naked_a be_v annex_v which_o because_o of_o the_o promise_n and_o engagement_n of_o god_n always_o have_v the_o thing_n itself_o true_o and_o certain_o conjoin_v whether_o give_v to_o the_o good_a or_o to_o the_o bad._n but_o these_o civility_n and_o condescension_n be_v make_v in_o their_o low_a ebb_n of_o fortune_n for_o whenever_o they_o can_v flatter_v themselves_o with_o any_o advantage_n of_o interest_n no_o accommodation_n will_v serve_v their_o turn_n thus_o at_o the_o famous_a conference_n at_o poissy_n before_o charles_n the_o nine_o anno_fw-la 1561_o where_o they_o suppose_v themselves_o warm_a and_o powerful_a enough_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o queen-mother_n who_o support_v they_o for_o her_o own_o end_n of_o state_n and_o some_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n who_o by_o the_o way_n soon_o after_o prove_v rebel_n i_o mean_v coligny_n and_o his_o faction_n beza_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a manager_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o protestant_n run_v high_a in_o his_o demand_n as_o to_o the_o eucharist_n say_v he_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v as_o far_o distant_a from_o it_o as_o the_o high_a heaven_n from_o the_o earth_n for_o ourselves_o and_o the_o sacrament_n 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the_o calvinist_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o their_o share_n in_o it_o because_o they_o own_a the_o ausburg_n confession_n and_o it_o be_v subscribe_v by_o calvin_n himself_o notwithstanding_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o hold_v contradictory_n opinion_n but_o in_o the_o conference_n at_o poissy_n when_o they_o presume_v that_o they_o have_v strength_n and_o force_n enough_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o doctrine_n they_o open_o reject_v the_o ausburg_n confession_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v they_o by_o the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n to_o subscribe_v as_o the_o only_a article_n of_o pacification_n and_o yet_o after_o this_o when_o they_o have_v not_o obtain_v their_o end_n they_o again_o in_o affront_n to_o their_o own_o conscience_n cry_v up_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n as_o their_o only_a standard_n of_o faith_n not_o that_o they_o approve_v it_o but_o under_o that_o false_a guise_n to_o impose_v calvinism_n upon_o the_o plain_a meaning_n lutheran_n so_o far_o the_o historian_n though_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v its_o own_o best_a proof_n this_o be_v the_o short_a account_n of_o this_o controversy_n in_o all_o foreign_a church_n all_o party_n of_o christendom_n agree_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n even_o the_o calvinist_n themselves_o who_o though_o they_o sometime_o attempt_v to_o deny_v it_o have_v not_o confidence_n enough_o to_o be_v steady_a to_o their_o own_o opinion_n but_o be_v often_o force_v to_o submit_v it_o to_o the_o consent_n of_o christendom_n from_o all_o these_o premise_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o no_o one_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o unfit_a to_o be_v set_v up_o for_o a_o test_n than_o transubstantiation_n see_v all_o party_n agree_v in_o the_o thing_n though_o not_o in_o the_o word_n and_o yet_o though_o they_o do_v they_o again_o disagree_v in_o numberless_a speculation_n about_o it_o and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v all_o party_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o the_o modus_fw-la be_v a_o thing_n utter_o unknown_a and_o incomprehensible_a so_o that_o take_v it_o one_o way_n i._n e._n as_o to_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o real_a presence_n the_o test_n be_v a_o defiance_n to_o all_o christendom_n take_v it_o the_o other_o way_n as_o to_o the_o modus_fw-la it_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o but_o only_o impose_v a_o unintelligible_a thing_n upon_o the_o wisdom_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o nation_n under_o the_o severe_a penalty_n as_o for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n she_o agree_v with_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n both_o roman_a and_o reform_a in_o assert_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o real_a presence_n and_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o though_o the_o true_a account_n of_o it_o have_v be_v miserable_o perplex_v and_o disturb_v by_o the_o oblique_a practice_n of_o the_o sacramentarian_o the_o first_o account_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v in_o our_o celebrate_a church-historian_n out_o of_o dr._n stillingfleet_n famous_a invisible_a manuscript_n whereby_o as_o he_o have_v before_o make_v archbishop_n cranmer_n a_o mere_a erastian_n as_o to_o discipline_n so_o now_o here_o he_o make_v he_o a_o mere_a sacramentarian_n as_o to_o doctrine_n a_o committee_n of_o select_a bishop_n and_o divine_n be_v appoint_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n for_o examine_v and_o reform_v the_o office_n of_o the_o church_n the_o first_o because_o most_o material_a point_n be_v the_o eucharist_n concern_v which_o all_o thing_n be_v put_v into_o certain_a query_n to_o which_o every_o commissioner_n give_v in_o his_o answer_n in_o write_v and_o to_o the_o question_n concern_v the_o eucharist_n what_o be_v the_o oblation_n and_o sacrifice_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o mass_n cranmer_n answer_n be_v the_o oblation_n and_o sacrifice_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o mass_n be_v not_o so_o call_v because_o christ_n indeed_o be_v there_o offer_a and_o sacrifice_v by_o the_o priest_n and_o the_o people_n for_o that_o be_v do_v but_o once_o by_o himself_o upon_o the_o cross_n but_o it_o so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v a_o memory_n and_o representation_n of_o that_o very_a true_a sacrifice_n and_o immolation_n which_o before_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o cross._n this_o be_v pure_a zuinglianism_n and_o in_o opposition_n to_o it_o it_o be_v assert_v by_o six_o bishop_n in_o a_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v the_o presentation_n of_o the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v real_o present_a in_o the_o sacrament_n which_o presentation_n the_o priest_n make_v at_o the_o mass_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o church_n unto_o god_n the_o father_n and_o in_o memory_n of_o christ_n passion_n and_o death_n upon_o the_o cross_n with_o thanksgiving_n therefore_o and_o devout_a prayer_n that_o all_o christian_a people_n and_o namely_o they_o who_o spiritual_o join_v with_o the_o priest_n in_o the_o say_a oblation_n and_o of_o who_o he_o make_v special_a remembrance_n may_v attain_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a passion_n and_o to_o these_o agree_v the_o several_a answer_n of_o carlisle_n and_o coventry_n and_o litchfield_n by_o which_o as_o the_o historian_n well_o observe_v the_o reader_n will_v perceive_v how_o general_o the_o bishop_n be_v addict_v to_o the_o old_a superstition_n and_o how_o few_o do_v agree_v in_o all_o thing_n with_o cranmer_n now_o this_o old_a superstition_n that_o he_o find_v in_o this_o passage_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o true_a old_a protestant_a doctrine_n of_o the_o real_a presence_n in_o opposition_n to_o mere_a figure_n and_o representation_n which_o be_v all_o that_o be_v here_o assert_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o this_o be_v the_o bold_a practice_n of_o this_o bold_a writer_n to_o make_v cranmer_z the_o standard_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o this_o unknown_a manuscript_n the_o standard_n of_o cranmer_n opinion_n and_o these_o two_o grand_a forgery_n concern_v no_o church_n government_n and_o the_o mere_a commemorative_n presence_n in_o the_o eucharist_n be_v the_o

enough_o in_o the_o cause_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n upon_o these_o two_o loud_a engine_n they_o can_v at_o pleasure_n drown_v the_o dispute_n now_o ever_o since_o this_o alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o two_o church_n we_o hear_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o real_a presence_n in_o the_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v become_v as_o great_a a_o stranger_n to_o the_o i.e._n their_o church_n of_o england_n as_o transubstantiation_n itself_o but_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v resolve_v into_o a_o mere_a sacramental_a figure_n and_o representation_n and_o a_o participation_n only_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n by_o faith._n i_o know_v not_o any_o one_o writer_n of_o that_o party_n of_o man_n that_o have_v ever_o own_a any_o high_a mystery_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o state_n all_o the_o dispute_n about_o the_o eucharist_n upon_o sacramentarian_a principle_n and_o with_o they_o to_o assert_v the_o true_a 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believe_v that_o determine_v the_o case_n without_o any_o further_a enquiry_n and_o if_o any_o man_n will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o that_o authority_n he_o make_v very_o bold_a with_o his_o maker_n and_o man_n of_o those_o principle_n will_v no_o doubt_v make_v admirable_a work_n with_o the_o definition_n of_o article_n of_o faith_n by_o the_o four_o first_o general_a council_n but_o to_o let_v their_o new_a way_n of_o argue_v pass_n it_o be_v these_o man_n that_o first_o set_v up_o sacramentarian_a principle_n in_o this_o church_n and_o then_o blow_v they_o into_o the_o parliament_n house_n raise_v there_o every_o session_n continual_a tumult_n about_o religion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o their_o cabal_n with_o the_o member_n that_o we_o owe_v these_o new_a and_o unpresidented_a test_n perhaps_o to_o have_v their_o own_o decree_n and_o write_n establish_v by_o law_n and_o impose_v upon_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o gospel_n in_o short_a if_o they_o own_o a_o real_a presence_n we_o see_v from_o the_o premise_n how_o little_a the_o controversy_n be_v between_o that_o and_o transubstantiation_n as_o it_o be_v true_o and_o ingenious_o understand_v by_o all_o reform_a church_n if_o they_o do_v not_o they_o disow_v the_o doctrine_n both_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o church_n catholic_n and_o then_o if_o they_o own_o only_a a_o figurative_a presence_n and_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o own_v no_o other_o they_o stand_v condemn_v of_o heresy_n by_o almost_o all_o church_n in_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o thing_n intend_v to_o be_v set_v up_o as_o it_o certain_o be_v by_o the_o author_n and_o contriver_n of_o it_o by_o renounce_v transubstantiation_n than_o the_o result_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o law_n be_v under_o this_o pretence_n to_o bring_v a_o new_a heresy_n by_o law_n into_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o upon_o this_o foot_n i_o find_v the_o controversy_n stand_v at_o this_o present_a day_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n or_o the_o bishop_n of_o condom_n on_o one_o part_n and_o little_a julian_n in_o the_o back-shop_n with_o his_o dragoon_n on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o bishop_n establish_v the_o real_a presence_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o figurative_a his_o answerer_n turn_v the_o whole_a mystery_n into_o mere_a type_n and_o figure_n by_o set_v up_o a_o figurative_a interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n of_o institution_n and_o yet_o confess_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o figure_n to_o this_o it_o be_v reply_v i_o will_v glad_o know_v what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o yet_o be_v more_o than_o a_o mere_a figure_n of_o it_o to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o presence_n be_v spiritual_a but_o yet_o real_a but_o how_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n shall_v have_v a_o real_a spiritual_a presence_n be_v a_o thing_n that_o require_v more_o philosophy_n to_o clear_v it_o up_o than_o transubstantiation_n or_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o author_n himself_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o plain_a contradiction_n that_o body_n shall_v have_v any_o existence_n but_o what_o alone_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o body_n that_o be_v corporeal_a this_o be_v their_o last_o resolution_n of_o this_o controversy_n that_o a_o true_a real_a presence_n be_v a_o contradiction_n and_o so_o i_o think_v be_v a_o real_a spiritual_a presence_n of_o a_o bodily_a substance_n this_o scent_n the_o whole_a chase_n follow_v and_o unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o cry_n that_o there_o be_v no_o presence_n but_o either_o mere_o figurative_a and_o that_o shut_v out_o all_o reality_n and_o be_v universal_o condemn_v by_o all_o the_o reformation_n or_o mere_o spiritual_a i.e._n the_o present_a effect_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o absent_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n which_o have_v be_v all_o along_o equal_o cashier_v by_o all_o other_o reform_a church_n as_o the_o other_o grand_a scandal_n of_o zuinglianism_n thus_o the_o london_n answerer_n to_o the_o oxford_n discourse_n there_o can_v be_v no_o real_a presence_n but_o either_o figurative_o in_o the_o element_n or_o spiritual_o in_o the_o soul_n of_o those_o who_o worthy_o receive_v they_o 66._o so_o dr._n st._n all_o which_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n imply_v by_o this_o phrase_n be_v only_o a_o real_a presence_n of_o christ_n invisible_a power_n and_o grace_n so_o in_o and_o with_o the_o element_n as_o by_o the_o faithful_a receive_n of_o they_o to_o convey_v real_a and_o spiritual_a effect_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n the_o oxford_n answerer_n to_o the_o oxford_n discourse_n allow_v no_o other_o real_a presence_n but_o the_o virtual_a presence_n that_o be_v the_o mere_a effect_n so_o the_o popular_a author_n of_o the_o discourse_n against_o transubstantiation_n make_v no_o medium_fw-la between_o the_o mere_a figurative_a presence_n and_o transubstantiation_n so_o that_o all_o other_o presence_n that_o be_v not_o mere_o figurative_a come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o transubstantiation_n now_o the_o gentle_a character_n he_o be_v please_v to_o give_v of_o this_o monsieur_n be_v this_o that_o the_o business_n of_o transubstantiation_n be_v not_o a_o controversy_n of_o scripture_n against_o scripture_n or_o of_o reason_n against_o reason_n but_o of_o downright_a impudence_n against_o the_o plain_a meaning_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o all_o the_o sense_n and_o reason_n of_o all_o mankind_n but_o beside_o the_o intolerable_a rudeness_n of_o the_o charge_n against_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o worst_a of_o sot_n and_o idiot_n if_o there_o be_v no_o middle_a real_a presence_n between_o transubstantiation_n and_o the_o figure_n he_o have_v cast_v all_o the_o protestant_a church_n into_o the_o same_o condemnation_n of_o sot_n and_o fool_n but_o howsoever_o rash_a and_o preposterous_a it_o may_v be_v for_o preson_n that_o believe_v the_o real_a presence_n to_o abjure_v the_o word_n transubstantiation_n you_o to_o determine_v any_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n to_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n idolatry_n be_v inhuman_a and_o barbarous_a idolatry_n be_v a_o stab_v and_o cutthroat_n word_n its_o least_o punishment_n be_v the_o great_a that_o can_v be_v both_o death_n and_o damnation_n and_o good_a reason_n too_o when_o the_o crime_n be_v no_o less_o than_o renounce_v the_o true_a god_n that_o make_v heaven_n and_o earth_n thus_o exod._n 22._o 20._o he_o that_o sacrifice_v unto_o any_o god_n save_v unto_o the_o lord_n or_o jehovah_n only_o he_o shall_v be_v utter_o destroy_v deut._n 13._o 6._o if_o thy_o brother_n the_o son_n of_o thy_o mother_n or_o thy_o son_n or_o thy_o daughter_n or_o the_o wife_n of_o thy_o bosom_n or_o thy_o friend_n which_o be_v as_o thy_o own_o soul_n entice_v thou_o secret_o say_v let_v we_o go_v and_o serve_v other_o god_n which_o thou_o have_v not_o know_v thou_o nor_o thy_o father_n namely_o

of_o the_o god_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v round_o about_o you_o nigh_o unto_o thou_o or_o far_o off_o from_o thou_o from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o the_o other_o thou_o shall_v not_o consent_v unto_o he_o nor_o hearken_v unto_o he_o neither_o shall_v thy_o eye_n pity_v he_o neither_o shall_v thou_o spare_v neither_o shall_v thou_o conceal_v he_o but_o thou_o shall_v sure_o kill_v he_o thy_o hand_n shall_v be_v first_o upon_o he_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o afterward_o the_o hand_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o thou_o shall_v stone_n he_o with_o stone_n that_o he_o die_v because_o he_o have_v seek_v to_o thrust_v thou_o away_o from_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n which_o bring_v thou_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n from_o the_o house_n of_o bondage_n this_o be_v the_o crime_n and_o this_o the_o punishment_n of_o idolatry_n and_o the_o sentence_n be_v so_o severe_o execute_v that_o for_o the_o set_n up_o the_o golden_a calf_n or_o symbol_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o egyptian_n worship_v as_o the_o supreme_a deity_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n three_o thousand_o of_o the_o ringleader_n be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n by_o the_o command_n of_o moses_n exod._n 32._o 27._o and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o please_v god_n to_o destroy_v the_o canaanite_n from_o off_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n i.e._n for_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o false_a and_o create_v deity_n in_o defiance_n to_o the_o eternal_a creator_n of_o it_o so_o black_a a_o crime_n as_o this_o that_o be_v no_o less_o than_o renounce_v god_n be_v not_o light_o to_o be_v charge_v upon_o any_o party_n of_o christian_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o foulness_n of_o the_o calumny_n but_o the_o barbarous_a consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v upon_o it_o to_o invite_v and_o warrant_v the_o rabble_n when_o ever_o opportunity_n favour_n to_o destroy_v the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o their_o image_n as_o the_o israelite_n be_v command_v to_o destroy_v the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o idol_n but_o before_o so_o bloody_a a_o indictment_n be_v prefer_v against_o the_o great_a part_n of_o christendom_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o understand_v the_o charge_n be_v too_o big_a for_o a_o scold_a word_n and_o how_o inconsistent_a soever_o idolatry_n may_v be_v with_o salvation_n i_o fear_v so_o uncharitable_a a_o calumny_n if_o it_o prove_v one_o can_v be_v of_o no_o less_o damnable_a consequence_n it_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o inhumanity_n that_o outdo_v the_o salvageness_n of_o the_o cannibal_n themselves_o and_o damn_v at_o once_o both_o body_n and_o soul._n and_o yet_o after_o all_o we_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o the_o bold_a conceit_n than_o the_o crude_a and_o rash_a assertion_n of_o some_o popular_a divine_n who_o have_v no_o other_o measure_n of_o truth_n or_o zeal_n but_o hatred_n to_o popery_n and_o therefore_o never_o spare_v for_o hard_a word_n against_o that_o church_n and_o run_v up_o all_o objection_n against_o it_o into_o nothing_o less_o than_o atheism_n and_o blasphemy_n of_o which_o idolatry_n be_v the_o great_a instance_n but_o if_o they_o will_v lay_v aside_o their_o indecent_a heat_n and_o sober_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o original_a of_o idolatry_n they_o will_v be_v as_o much_o ashamed_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o their_o accusation_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o its_o malice_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o a_o plain_a and_o brief_a account_n of_o that_o argument_n that_o when_o we_o understand_v the_o easy_a obvious_a and_o natural_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o expose_v the_o vanity_n of_o these_o man_n fanatique_a pretence_n i_o pray_v god_n there_o be_v nothing_o worse_o at_o bottom_n see_v it_o have_v ever_o be_v set_v up_o as_o the_o standard_n against_o monarchy_n it_o be_v a_o subject_a that_o have_v entertain_v the_o most_o able_a pen_n in_o the_o world_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o presume_v or_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o learned_a but_o shall_v confine_v all_o my_o knowledge_n to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n chief_o to_o the_o mosaic_a write_n for_o there_o it_o be_v full_o and_o clear_o state_v the_o mosaic_a law_n be_v enact_v pure_o in_o opposition_n to_o idolatry_n now_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o obvious_a than_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o there_o be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o this_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n or_o any_o other_o visible_a and_o corporeal_a deity_n as_o the_o supreme_a god_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v all_o sense_n and_o apprehension_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o invisible_a godhead_n this_o evident_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o almighty_n several_a revelation_n that_o he_o make_v of_o himself_o to_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o it_o and_o from_o the_o several_a character_n and_o description_n that_o himself_o have_v upon_o numberless_a occasion_n make_v of_o it_o most_o learned_a man_n will_v trace_v its_o original_a from_o before_o the_o flood_n but_o they_o follow_v their_o chase_n without_o any_o scent_n as_o general_o all_o antiquary_n do_v when_o they_o pursue_v into_o the_o first_o source_n and_o original_a of_o thing_n the_o jewish_a robby_n that_o be_v of_o too_o late_a a_o stand_v to_o pretend_v to_o any_o authority_n in_o such_o ancient_a matter_n for_o as_o they_o live_v not_o above_o six_o age_n before_o we_o so_o they_o have_v no_o other_o record_n than_o what_o we_o have_v the_o write_n of_o moses_n and_o the_o prophet_n derive_v its_o original_a from_o the_o age_n of_o enos_n but_o as_o their_o conjecture_n be_v found_v upon_o a_o ambiguous_a word_n so_o it_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n at_o that_o time_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a life_n of_o the_o patriarch_n from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o flood_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o memory_n and_o tradition_n of_o the_o late_a creation_n of_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v wear_v out_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n enos_n be_v adams_n granchild_n and_o live_v in_o the_o same_o age_n with_o he_o for_o some_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o impiety_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v that_o moses_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o cause_n that_o provoke_v god_n to_o bring_v that_o judgement_n upon_o the_o world_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o idolatry_n of_o which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v guilty_a as_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n so_o it_o will_v have_v hold_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o indictment_n other_o make_v cham_n the_o father_n of_o this_o monster_n as_o they_o do_v of_o all_o other_o crime_n but_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n beside_o his_o ill_a name_n other_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o tower_n of_o babel_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o have_v be_v build_v for_o a_o altar_n to_o the_o sun_n after_o the_o custom_n of_o aftertime_n when_o they_o worship_v he_o upon_o high_a tower_n for_o altar_n maimonides_n and_o his_o follower_n find_v deep_a footstep_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o ur_fw-la of_o the_o chaldee_n that_o be_v say_v they_o the_o country_n of_o the_o ancient_n zabii_n the_o founder_n of_o idolatry_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o be_v command_v out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god._n but_o this_o dream_n of_o the_o zabii_n be_v so_o modern_a and_o so_o void_a of_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o ancient_a record_n that_o it_o prove_v itself_o a_o fond_a imposture_n though_o in_o abraham_n time_n and_o that_o be_v many_o century_n after_o the_o flood_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o first_o trace_n of_o this_o apostasy_n for_o that_o extraordinary_a discovery_n that_o god_n be_v please_v to_o make_v of_o himself_o as_o supreme_a lord_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v to_o abraham_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o idolatry_n of_o his_o own_o country_n i.e._n chaldea_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o it_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n god_n command_v he_o to_o leave_v his_o country_n 1._o his_o kindred_n and_o his_o father_n house_n and_o sojourn_v in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n where_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v much_o better_a preserve_v so_o that_o though_o there_o be_v some_o decay_n from_o the_o true_a old_a religion_n yet_o they_o be_v as_o yet_o very_o far_o from_o a_o universal_a apostasy_n that_o the_o plague_n be_v then_o break_v out_o in_o chaldea_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o joshua_n 24._o 2._o your_o father_n dwell_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n in_o old_a time_n even_o terah_n

the_o egyptian_n assyrian_n and_o chaldean_n and_o that_o be_v my_o second_o head_n of_o discourse_n that_o the_o god_n that_o they_o worship_v at_o that_o time_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o heavenly_a body_n or_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o supreme_a deity_n this_o be_v evident_a enough_o from_o what_o have_v already_o be_v discourse_v idolatry_n in_o general_a be_v every_o where_o describe_v in_o scripture_n by_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n or_o heavenly_a body_n thus_o deut._n 4._o 19_o lest_o thou_o lift_v up_o thy_o eye_n to_o heaven_n and_o when_o thou_o see_v the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n even_o all_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n shall_v be_v drive_v tempt_v to_o worship_v they_o which_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n create_v for_o the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o all_o nation_n under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n so_o chap._n 17._o v._n 2_o 3._o if_o there_o be_v find_v any_o among_o you_o that_o have_v wrought_v wickedness_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n your_o god_n in_o transgress_v his_o covenant_n and_o have_v go_v and_o serve_v other_o god_n and_o worship_v they_o either_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n or_o any_o of_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n you_o shall_v stone_n he_o to_o death_n 2_o king._n 17._o 16._o they_o leave_v all_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n their_o god_n and_o make_v they_o molten_n image_n two_o calf_n and_o make_v a_o grove_n and_o worship_v all_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n and_o serve_v baal_n so_o manasseh_n erect_v altar_n to_o ball_n and_o worship_v the_o host_n of_o heaven_n chap._n 21._o 3._o so_o josiah_n when_o he_o destroy_v idolatry_n bring_v out_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n and_o the_o jew_n when_o after_o their_o return_n from_o captivity_n they_o will_v enter_v their_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o idolatry_n they_o do_v it_o in_o this_o form_n thou_o even_o thou_o be_v lord_n alone_o thou_o have_v make_v heaven_n the_o heaven_n of_o heaven_n with_o all_o their_o host_n etc._n etc._n nehemiah_n 9_o 6._o so_o jeremiah_n 19_o 13._o jerusalem_n and_o judah_n shall_v be_v destroy_v because_o they_o have_v burn_v incense_n unto_o all_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n and_o have_v pour_v out_o drink_a offering_n unto_o other_o gods._n so_o zephaniah_n 1._o 5._o god_n threaten_v to_o destroy_v the_o worshipper_n of_o baal_n and_o of_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n and_o last_o st._n stephen_n in_o his_o last_o speech_n upbraid_v the_o jew_n with_o their_o idolatry_n say_v that_o god_n give_v they_o up_o to_o worship_n the_o host_n of_o heaven_n so_o evident_a be_v the_o practical_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n through_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o scripture_n that_o it_o be_v the_o worship_v the_o heavenly_a body_n as_o the_o supreme_a deity_n or_o as_o job_n emphatical_o express_v it_o chap._n 31._o ver_fw-la 26._o if_o i_o behold_v the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v or_o the_o moon_n walk_v in_o brightness_n and_o my_o heart_n have_v be_v secret_o entice_v or_o my_o mouth_n have_v kiss_v my_o hand_n this_o also_o be_v a_o iniquity_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o judge_n for_o i_o shall_v have_v deny_v the_o most_o high_a god._n what_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o this_o definition_n of_o idolatry_n that_o it_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n because_o it_o will_v have_v exclude_v the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n and_o the_o very_a word_n that_o we_o common_o translate_v image_n in_o general_a signify_v proper_o image_n of_o the_o sun._n thus_o leviticus_n 26._o 30._o god_n threaten_v they_o i_o will_v destroy_v your_o image_n as_o we_o translate_v it_o but_o in_o the_o hebrew_n your_o chamanim_fw-la i.e._n image_n of_o the_o sun._n so_o the_o second_o of_o chronicle_n chap._n 34._o v._n 7._o and_o so_o it_o be_v set_v sometime_o in_o the_o margin_n even_o in_o the_o english_a translation_n or_o sun_n image_n as_o isaiah_n 17._o 8._o ezek._n 6._o 4._o and_o so_o all_o learned_a man_n of_o all_o nation_n all_o religion_n ever_o understand_v the_o old_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n till_o this_o last_o age_n when_o folly_n and_o passion_n cast_v it_o at_o any_o thing_n that_o peevish_a man_n be_v angry_a with_o 3._o so_o rabbi_n maimon_n the_o most_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n discourse_n at_o large_a that_o the_o ancient_a idolatry_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n who_o acnowledge_v no_o other_o deity_n but_o the_o star_n among_o who_o the_o sun_n be_v supreme_a in_o opposition_n to_o which_o false_a principle_n he_o say_v god_n enact_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o other_o old_a heathen_a nation_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o eusebius_n collection_n of_o their_o several_a opinion_n in_o his_o first_o and_o three_o book_n of_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o gospel_n where_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n worship_v only_o the_o star_n without_o any_o notion_n of_o hero_n and_o demon_n the_o same_o be_v attest_v by_o all_o the_o historian_n by_o diodorus_n siculus_n of_o the_o egyptian_n by_o herodotus_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o chaldean_n by_o strabo_n and_o justin_n of_o the_o arabian_n by_o caesar_n of_o the_o german_n so_o macrobius_n in_o his_o first_o book_n saturnal_a prove_v it_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_a idolater_n that_o it_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o supreme_a deity_n so_o in_o the_o ancient_a hymn_n to_o jupiter_n ascribe_v to_o orpheus_n it_o be_v the_o sun_n only_o that_o be_v all_o along_o adore_v in_o short_a so_o all_o learned_a man_n interpret_v all_o the_o several_a idol_n that_o we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n particular_o those_o two_o learned_a protestant_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o learned_a book_n de_fw-fr diis_fw-la syris_n and_o gerard_n vossius_fw-la de_fw-la idololatria_fw-la prove_v all_o the_o idol_n mention_v in_o scripture_n to_o have_v be_v only_o so_o many_o several_a appellation_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o the_o ancient_a idolater_n believe_v to_o have_v be_v the_o supreme_a god_n and_o creator_n of_o the_o world_n as_o baal_n baal_n peor_n bel_n moloch_n dagon_n baalzebub_n mythras_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o word_n the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o critic_n that_o agree_v in_o nothing_o else_o be_v unanimous_a here_o though_o indeed_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o evident_a in_o all_o the_o account_n history_n and_o description_n of_o the_o ancient_a idolatry_n that_o it_o be_v to_o i_o the_o great_a astonishment_n in_o the_o world_n that_o man_n shall_v apply_v it_o to_o any_o other_o purpose_n i_o know_v there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o idolatry_n introduce_v afterward_o the_o worship_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o practice_n in_o the_o scripture_n but_o take_v it_o to_o have_v be_v much_o more_o modern_a and_o a_o mere_a invention_n of_o the_o vain_a and_o lie_a greek_n but_o whensoever_o it_o come_v in_o it_o be_v graft_v upon_o the_o old_a stock_n of_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n not_o only_o to_o create_v but_o to_o mortal_a being_n here_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o wander_v into_o a_o large_a field_n of_o mythologick_n mystery_n but_o beside_o that_o i_o take_v all_o mythology_n to_o be_v much_o more_o fable_n than_o the_o literal_a fable_n itself_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o confine_v myself_o to_o the_o information_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n from_o whence_o as_o we_o have_v the_o most_o infallible_a testimony_n that_o can_v be_v have_v so_o in_o this_o case_n we_o can_v have_v no_o other_o all_o other_o write_n whatsoever_o be_v by_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n too_o modern_a to_o give_v any_o account_n from_o their_o own_o knowledge_n of_o those_o ancient_a time_n and_o for_o a_o more_o accurate_a account_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o that_o admirable_a book_n of_o dr._n spencer_n concern_v the_o jewish_a law_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o in_o which_o he_o prove_v every_o minute_n circumstance_n of_o the_o ritual_a and_o ceremonial_a law_n to_o have_v be_v enact_v only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o idolatry_n or_o sun-worship_n there_o any_o gentleman_n that_o delight_v in_o ancient_a learning_n may_v have_v his_o glut_n of_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n for_o beside_o the_o great_a compass_n and_o variety_n of_o polite_a literature_n he_o have_v bring_v wit_n sense_n reason_n and_o ingenuity_n into_o the_o synagogue_n i_o will_v only_o exemplify_v the_o thing_n in_o some_o few_o particular_n the_o first_o be_v the_o institution_n of_o some_o rite_n peculiar_a to_o god_n own_o worship_n both_o as_o a_o bar_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o any_o other_o worship_n in_o which_o those_o rite_n be_v not_o use_v and_o as_o a_o obligation_n to_o bind_v they_o the_o fast_o