he_o say_v that_o no_o body_n can_v do_v it_o but_o by_o a_o divine_a revelation_n but_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v as_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n that_o any_o one_o do_v it_o without_o that_o help_n nothing_o will_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o philosophy_n and_o although_o he_o can_v not_o defend_v himself_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o revelation_n truth_n will_v maintain_v itself_o only_o by_o its_o own_o light_n afterward_o he_o blame_v those_o who_o stick_v to_o one_o sect_n so_o as_o to_o embrace_v all_o its_o opinion_n and_o condemn_v all_o other_o sect_n be_v ready_a to_o dispute_v against_o all_o the_o doctrine_n which_o they_o have_v not_o learn_v of_o their_o master_n that_o design_n of_o collect_v whatever_o the_o philosopher_n say_v that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o gospel_n be_v undoubted_o a_o fine_a one_o and_o may_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n but_o to_o do_v it_o successful_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v both_o philosophy_n and_o the_o christian_a religion_n well_o and_o to_o confine_v one_o self_n to_o clear_a and_o undeniable_a article_n such_o as_o those_o that_o be_v practical_a and_o some_o few_o speculative_a one_o the_o heterodox_n of_o that_o time_n have_v introduce_v into_o the_o christian_a religion_n for_o want_v of_o consideration_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o philosophical_a doctrine_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n with_o those_o of_o the_o gospel_n thus_o the_o carpocratian_o 430._o carpocratian_o strom._n l._n 3._o p._n 430._o believe_v as_o clemens_n testify_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o lie_v promiscuous_o with_o all_o woman_n and_o do_v actual_o do_v it_o when_o they_o have_v sup_v in_o a_o great_a company_n and_o put_v out_o the_o candle_n they_o fall_v into_o this_o conceit_n because_o plato_n will_v have_v woman_n to_o be_v common_a in_o his_o commonwealth_n and_o because_o they_o have_v wrest_v several_a place_n of_o the_o scripture_n to_o make_v they_o agree_v with_o that_o opinion_n but_o clemens_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o understand_v neither_o the_o scripture_n nor_o plato_n well_o this_o latter_a mean_v only_o this_o he_o think_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o maid_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o to_o who_o all_o the_o citizen_n may_v indifferent_o pretend_v although_o if_o she_o have_v be_v betroth_v to_o any_o man_n other_o can_v no_o more_o hope_n to_o marry_v she_o i_o can_v easy_o show_v that_o clemens_n do_v not_o explain_v well_o plato_n mean_v if_o this_o be_v a_o fit_a place_n for_o it_o the_o marcionite_n seq_n marcionite_n ibid._n p._n 431_o &_o 465_o &_o seq_n who_o say_v that_o matter_n and_o nature_n be_v bad_a and_o condemn_a marriage_n come_v by_o their_o opinion_n so_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o carpocrates_n by_o explain_v some_o passage_n of_o scripture_n by_o the_o platonic_a principle_n because_o the_o scripture_n often_o describe_v the_o misery_n of_o this_o world_n and_o praise_n continency_n they_o fancy_v that_o the_o sacred_a writer_n have_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o this_o life_n and_o generation_n or_o birth_n that_o heraclitus_n and_o plato_n have_v those_o philosopher_n believe_v that_o the_o soul_n do_v exist_v before_o the_o body_n into_o which_o they_o be_v send_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o sin_n which_o they_o have_v commit_v in_o another_o life_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v proper_o birth_n shall_v be_v call_v death_n rather_o than_o a_o beginning_n of_o life_n and_o death_n life_n because_o when_o we_o be_v bear_v our_o soul_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o body_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n when_o we_o die_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o philosopher_n and_o many_o poet_n after_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v better_o not_o to_o be_v bear_v than_o to_o come_v into_o the_o world_n and_o to_o die_v in_o childhood_n than_o to_o live_v many_o year_n hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o some_o time_n they_o speak_v vehement_o enough_o against_o the_o use_n of_o marriage_n because_o in_o their_o opinion_n it_o do_v only_o conduce_v to_o build_v a_o prison_n for_o some_o unfortunate_a soul_n which_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o body_n that_o be_v produce_v the_o valentinian_o have_v also_o learn_v what_o they_o say_v concern_v the_o generation_n of_o their_o aeones_n of_o hesiod_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v the_o beginning_n of_o his_o theogonia_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o valentinian_o as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o st._n irenaeus_n and_o st._n epiphanius_n who_o do_v not_o fail_v to_o upbraid_v they_o with_o their_o have_v take_v their_o doctrine_n from_o that_o poet._n it_o be_v likely_a they_o confound_v hesiod_n doctrine_n with_o that_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n because_o of_o some_o small_a resemblance_n that_o be_v between_o '_o they_o i_o can_v easy_o show_v that_o hesiod_n by_o the_o marriage_n between_o the_o chaos_n darkness_n light_n heaven_n earth_n air_n etc._n etc._n mean_v only_o that_o there_o be_v some_o relation_n or_o connexion_n between_o the_o thing_n which_o he_o join_v and_o that_o it_o be_v this_o that_o give_v he_o occasion_n to_o marry_v they_o together_o but_o my_o business_n be_v only_o to_o show_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o ancient_a heretic_n that_o the_o primitive_a christian_n make_v a_o great_a use_n of_o the_o heathen_a philosophy_n and_o that_o many_o have_v pervert_v it_o as_o clemens_n have_v observe_v in_o several_a place_n as_o for_o he_o although_o he_o profess_v to_o follow_v the_o method_n of_o the_o eclectics_n and_o take_v out_o of_o every_o sect_n what_o he_o think_v fit_a yet_o he_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o the_o stoic_a philosophy_n because_o pantaenus_n his_o last_o master_n and_o who_o he_o esteem_v most_o as_o we_o have_v see_v prefer_v that_o sect_n before_o other_o wherefore_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o clemens_n have_v a_o close_a and_o harsh_a style_n and_o that_o he_o affect_v some_o paradox_n and_o to_o use_v new_a word_n character_n whereby_o the_o stoic_a and_o those_o that_o study_v in_o their_o school_n be_v know_v stoicorum_fw-la say_v 31._o say_v in_o bruto_fw-la c._n 31._o tully_n adstrictior_fw-la est_fw-la oratio_fw-la aliquantóque_fw-la contractior_fw-la quà m_fw-la aures_fw-la populi_fw-la requirunt_fw-la 4._o requirunt_fw-la de_fw-fr fin._n lib._n 4._o nova_fw-la verba_fw-la fingunt_fw-la deserunt_fw-la usitata_fw-la at_o quanta_fw-la conantur_fw-la mundum_fw-la hunc_fw-la omnem_fw-la oppidum_fw-la esse_fw-la unum_fw-la etc._n etc._n pungunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la aculeis_fw-la interrogatiunculis_fw-la angustis_fw-la those_o that_o understand_v greek_a and_o have_v read_v something_o of_o clemens_n may_v have_v easy_o observe_v all_o this_o in_o his_o style_n there_o be_v many_o paradox_n in_o his_o paedagogus_fw-la for_o instance_n he_o maintain_v book_n 3_o chap._n 6._o that_o none_o but_o a_o christian_a be_v rich._n a_o paradox_n much_o like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n who_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o their_o wise_a man._n those_o philosopher_n express_v themselves_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o wise_a man_n only_o be_v rich_a and_o clemens_n make_v no_o other_o alteration_n in_o it_o but_o that_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wise_a man_n into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o christian_n the_o reason_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n be_v not_o very_o different_a neither_o from_o those_o of_o the_o stoic_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o compare_v what_o he_o say_v with_o cicero_n explication_n of_o that_o stoical_a maxim_n in_o his_o paradox_n the_o study_n of_o heathen_a author_n produce_v in_o clemens_n mild_a thought_n with_o respect_n to_o they_o than_o those_o which_o christian_n have_v have_v since_o he_o observe_v in_o many_o place_n 314._o place_n strom._n l._n 1._o p._n 314._o that_o whatever_o they_o say_v be_v not_o false_a and_o cite_v to_o prove_v it_o st._n paul_n discourse_n to_o the_o athenian_n act._n 17._o where_o that_o apostle_n tell_v they_o that_o he_o preach_v to_o they_o the_o same_o god_n to_o who_o they_o have_v erect_v a_o altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n the_o same_o god_n of_o who_o aratus_n have_v say_v that_o we_o be_v his_o offspring_n clemens_n believe_v that_o st._n paul_n approve_v what_o be_v good_a in_o the_o inscription_n of_o that_o altar_n and_o in_o those_o word_n of_o aratus_n and_o give_v they_o only_o a_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n who_o they_o already_o perceive_v without_o know_v he_o well_o he_o elsewhere_o 635._o elsewhere_o strom._n l._n 6._o p._n 635._o quote_v a_o book_n which_o be_v ascribe_v to_o st._n peter_n and_o be_v entitle_v κηÏυγμα_n πετÏου_n the_o preach_v of_o st._n peter_n it_o appear_v that_o clemens_n make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o book_n be_v st._n peter_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v conjecture_v that_o there_o be_v
met_z to_z condemn_v nestorius_n in_o the_o year_n 431._o cyril_n of_o alexandria_n preside_v in_o it_o and_o whilst_o it_o sit_v john_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n meet_v with_o thirty_o other_o bishop_n who_o make_v some_o canon_n opposite_a to_o those_o of_o that_o council_n what_o be_v singular_a in_o it_o be_v that_o the_o party_n of_o cyril_n and_o that_o of_o john_n accuse_v each_o other_o of_o pelagianism_n but_o the_o great_a party_n approve_v the_o deposal_n of_o julian_n and_o the_o other_o italian_a bishop_n who_o nestorius_n have_v treat_v more_o mild_o he_o be_v accuse_v of_o have_v be_v of_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o have_v maintain_v that_o christ_n become_v the_o son_n of_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o good_a use_n he_o make_v of_o his_o freewill_n for_o a_o reward_n whereof_o god_n have_v unite_v he_o to_o the_o eternal_a word_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o pelagianism_n and_o nestorianism_n be_v condemn_v together_o in_o that_o council_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o and_o the_o care_n of_o three_o pope_n celestinus_fw-la xystus_fw-la iii_o and_o leo_fw-la i._n semipelagianism_a maintain_v itself_o in_o the_o gaul_n perhaps_o the_o manner_n after_o which_o celestinus_fw-la write_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o france_n contribute_v towards_o it_o because_o although_o he_o condemn_v pelagius_n with_o heat_n and_o praise_v much_o st._n augustine_n yet_o he_o say_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o letter_n that_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o profound_a and_o difficult_a question_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o that_o controversy_n and_o have_v be_v handle_v at_o large_a by_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o heretic_n as_o he_o dare_v not_o despise_v they_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v neither_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v one_o self_n thereupon_o one_o may_v see_v in_o 12._o in_o vbi_fw-la sup_n c._n 12._o bishop_n usher_n how_o much_o st._n prosper_n and_o the_o pope_n xystus_n and_o leo_n labour_v to_o confute_v or_o destroy_v pelagianism_n and_o semipelagianism_a about_o the_o same_o time_n vincentius_n lirinensis_n write_v his_o commonitorium_fw-la that_o be_v three_o year_n after_o the_o council_n of_o ephesus_n he_o be_v suspect_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o objection_n which_o st._n prosper_n confute_v under_o the_o title_n of_o objectiones_fw-la vincentianae_fw-la his_o commonitory_n be_v reprint_v last_o year_n 1687._o in_o twelves_o at_o cambridge_n with_o balusius_n note_n and_o sr._n augustine_n book_n de_fw-la haeresibus_fw-la one_o may_v also_o see_v in_o ibid._n in_o ibid._n bishop_n usher_n the_o devastation_n which_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n make_v in_o england_n in_o that_o century_n the_o arrival_n of_o the_o saxon_n into_o that_o island_n after_o what_o manner_n they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o event_n of_o that_o time_n before_o 13._o before_o vid._n vsser_n ubi_fw-la sup_n c._n 13._o those_o misfortune_n happen_v in_o england_n a_o monk_n who_o name_n be_v faustus_n go_v from_o that_o country_n into_o gallia_n narbonensis_n where_o he_o become_v abbot_n of_o lerin_n and_o afterward_o bishop_n of_o riez_n after_o maximus_n to_o who_o he_o have_v also_o succeed_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o lerin_n he_o assist_v at_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o rome_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 462_o wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o a_o council_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n in_o the_o gaul_n which_o shall_v be_v convocate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o arles_n there_o be_v one_o hold_v a_o little_a while_n after_o in_o that_o city_n which_o order_v faustus_n to_o declare_v his_o opinion_n concern_v the_o matter_n of_o grace_n and_o another_o at_o lion_n by_o the_o order_n of_o which_o he_o add_v something_o to_o what_o he_o have_v already_o write_v because_o some_o new_a error_n have_v be_v discover_v those_o error_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o divine_n of_o marseilles_n give_v the_o name_n of_o predestinarian_a heresy_n which_o some_o maintain_v to_o have_v be_v a_o true_a heresy_n and_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o st._n augustine_n we_o have_v no_o more_o the_o act_n of_o those_o two_o synod_n but_o faustus_n work_n be_v still_o extant_a it_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-fr gratia_n &_o libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la direct_v to_o leontius_n bishop_n of_o arles_n and_o contain_v very_o clear_o the_o semipelagianism_a erasmus_n print_v it_o for_o the_o first_o time_n at_o basil_n in_o 1528_o and_o it_o be_v since_o insert_v into_o the_o eight_o tome_n of_o the_o bibliotheca_fw-la patrum_fw-la faustus_n send_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o arles_n to_o a_o predestinarian_a priest_n named_z lucidus_fw-la to_o oblige_v he_o to_o retract_v his_o error_n and_o subscribe_v to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o that_o council_n we_o have_v still_o his_o letter_n to_o lucidus_fw-la and_o the_o answer_n of_o that_o priest_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n who_o meet_v at_o arles_n wherein_o he_o declare_v that_o he_o condemn_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o believe_v that_o freewill_n be_v altogether_o lose_v after_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o first_o man_n that_o christ_n die_v not_o for_o all_o man_n that_o some_o be_v design_v for_o death_n and_o other_o for_o life_n that_o from_o adam_n to_o christ_n no_o heathen_a be_v save_v by_o the_o first_o grace_n of_o god_n that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o they_o have_v lose_v freewill_n in_o our_o first_o father_n that_o the_o patriarch_n prophet_n and_o great_a saint_n have_v be_v in_o paradise_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o redemption_n this_o be_v almost_o a_o abridgement_n of_o faustus_n book_n some_o learned_a man_n have_v maintain_v that_o faustus_n do_v more_o than_o he_o be_v order_v and_o that_o many_o of_o those_o who_o assist_v at_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n and_o lion_n will_v not_o have_v subscribe_v to_o his_o book_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o apprehend_v how_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v very_o much_o esteem_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n of_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n bishop_n of_o clermont_n in_o auvergne_n who_o make_v his_o encomium_n in_o many_o place_n and_o by_o gennadius_n who_o praise_v that_o work_n it_o be_v i_o say_v somewhat_o hard_o to_o apprehend_v how_o he_o can_v have_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o ascribe_v to_o a_o council_n some_o opinion_n which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v have_v abhor_v and_o that_o the_o member_n of_o that_o council_n shall_v show_v no_o resentment_n of_o it_o indeed_o those_o who_o say_v that_o faustus_n do_v more_o than_o he_o be_v bid_v give_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o only_o they_o can_v believe_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o semipelagian_n in_o the_o gaul_n one_o may_v see_v in_o bishop_n usher_n the_o judgement_n of_o several_a learned_a man_n concern_v faustus_n and_o whereof_o the_o great_a part_n do_v not_o much_o favour_n he_o baronius_n himself_o speak_v ill_a of_o he_o so_o that_o what_o happen_v former_o to_o the_o pelagian_o happen_v nowadays_o to_o the_o semipelagian_n viz._n those_o who_o maintain_v their_o chief_a doctrine_n condemn_v they_o only_o because_o some_o man_n who_o be_v more_o esteem_v than_o they_o have_v former_o condemn_v they_o faustus_n his_o book_n 14._o book_n vsser_n ubi_fw-la sup_n c._n 14._o do_v not_o remain_v unknown_a see_v they_o bring_v it_o to_o constantinople_n where_o the_o mind_n be_v divide_v concern_v the_o doctrine_n which_o it_o contain_v some_o affirm_v it_o be_v orthodox_n and_o other_o heretical_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o possâ—â—â—_n a_o african_a bishop_n who_o be_v then_o at_o â—â—â—â—tantinople_n and_o write_v from_o thence_o to_o pope_n hormisda_n in_o the_o year_n 520_o to_o know_v what_o he_o think_v of_o it_o some_o person_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n among_o which_o be_v vitalian_n and_o justinian_n who_o be_v since_o emperor_n desire_v to_o know_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n thereupon_o hormisda_v disapproved_a faustus_n his_o book_n and_o refer_v they_o to_o those_o of_o st._n augustine_n of_o predestination_n and_o perseverance_n there_o be_v then_o at_o constantinople_n a_o monk_n who_o name_n be_v john_n maxentius_n who_o write_v a_o answer_n col._n answer_n tom._n 6._o bibl._n p._n p._n ed._n col._n to_o hormisda_n letter_n wherein_o he_o compare_v the_o opinion_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o faustus_n and_o sharp_o censure_v possessor_n and_o those_o who_o maintain_v that_o faustus_n his_o book_n be_v orthodox_n it_o appear_v from_o thence_o that_o possessor_n be_v a_o semi-pelagian_a and_o consequent_o that_o the_o council_n of_o africa_n have_v not_o be_v yet_o able_a to_o bring_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o church_n to_o their_o decision_n the_o vandal_n have_v invade_v africa_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o pelagian_a controversy_n â—nd_v because_o they_o be_v arian_n they_o turn_v out_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n who_o follow_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n 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leontius_n favour_v what_o the_o divine_n of_o marseilles_n call_v predestinatianism_n that_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o st._n augustine_n the_o second_o council_n of_o orange_n be_v hold_v under_o his_o direction_n in_o the_o year_n 529_o which_o approve_a st._n augustine_n opinion_n and_o whereof_o the_o act_n may_v be_v see_v entire_a in_o 262._o in_o vb._n sup_v p._n 262._o bishop_n usher_n a_o little_a while_n after_o another_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o valence_n concern_v the_o same_o matter_n which_o do_v also_o condemn_v semipelagianism_a boniface_n ii_o approve_a the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n by_o a_o letter_n which_o he_o write_v to_o caesarius_n in_o the_o year_n 531_o which_o the_o same_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n have_v insert_v in_o his_o work_n here_o end_v the_o history_n of_o pelagianism_n and_o semipelagianism_a which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o extinguish_v in_o the_o gaul_n and_o england_n by_o so_o many_o endeavour_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o defender_n of_o grace_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o history_n of_o godescale_n write_v by_o the_o same_o bishop_n what_o can_v one_o conclude_v from_o thence_o according_a to_o st._n augustine_n principle_n but_o that_o god_n be_v not_o please_v to_o bestow_v his_o grace_n upon_o anathema_n confiscation_n deposal_n and_o banishment_n which_o the_o godly_a emperor_n and_o holy_a council_n make_v use_v of_o against_o the_o unfortunate_a pelagian_o finis_fw-la
he_o wherein_o he_o criticize_v his_o work_n and_o three_o other_o which_o he_o entitle_v of_o ecclesiastic_a theology_n wherein_o he_o establish_v the_o opinion_n which_o he_o think_v orthodox_n touch_v the_o divinity_n and_o refute_v those_o of_o marcellus_n and_o divers_a other_o heretic_n marcellus_n be_v afterward_o 29._o afterward_o socrat._v l._n 2.20_o &_o sozom._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o re-establish_v in_o the_o synod_n of_o sardica_n because_o he_o affirm_v his_o expression_n have_v be_v misunderstand_a and_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o arian_n he_o insinuate_v himself_o into_o the_o friendship_n of_o athanasius_n who_o perhaps_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o equivocal_a expression_n use_v by_o marcellus_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o he_o by_o the_o fragment_n which_o eusebius_n cite_v he_o scarce_o know_v what_o he_o will_v say_v himself_o or_o else_o he_o conceal_v his_o opinion_n under_o obscure_a term_n lest_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o trouble_n 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history_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o a_o church_n call_v peace_n and_o set_v himself_o very_o devoutful_o to_o pray_v to_o god_n not_o that_o he_o will_v convert_v arius_n or_o that_o he_o will_v discover_v to_o himself_o the_o truth_n but_o that_o if_o the_o opinion_n of_o arius_n be_v true_a he_o himself_o may_v not_o see_v the_o day_n set_v apart_o to_o discourse_n of_o it_o or_o that_o if_o his_o own_o belief_n be_v true_a arius_n who_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a mischief_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o his_o infidelity_n a_o prayer_n so_o little_a charitable_a and_o whence_o may_v be_v see_v that_o this_o bishop_n be_v more_o concern_v for_o his_o reputation_n than_o the_o truth_n fail_v not_o of_o be_v hear_v see_v that_o the_o next_o morning_n which_o be_v sunday_n or_o the_o same_o day_n at_o night_n as_o arius_n go_v to_o the_o church_n accompany_v by_o those_o of_o his_o party_n or_o in_o some_o other_o place_n for_o the_o historian_n vary_v in_o 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emperor_n and_o swear_v that_o he_o do_v not_o believe_v any_o thing_n after_o which_o those_o that_o protect_v he_o will_v introduce_v he_o into_o the_o church_n at_o his_o go_v out_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n but_o that_o he_o die_v as_o have_v be_v say_v without_o have_v be_v receive_v into_o communion_n a_o valesius_fw-la a_o valesius_fw-la learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n that_o the_o arius_n who_o be_v receive_v into_o communion_n at_o jerusalem_n be_v a_o priest_n of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o famous_a arius_n and_o not_o he_o himself_o who_o have_v already_o die_v out_o of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n because_o without_o this_o it_o must_v be_v say_v that_o athanasius_n have_v be_v mistake_v but_o be_v it_o grant_v he_o that_o this_o bishop_n be_v mistake_v in_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n who_o he_o every_o moment_n overwhelm_v with_o injury_n it_o can_v be_v find_v strange_a especial_o not_o have_v be_v at_o constantinople_n then_o when_o what_o he_o relate_v must_v have_v happen_v one_o may_v further_o say_v that_o athanasius_n have_v relate_v by_o way_n of_o abridgement_n and_o little_a exact_o what_o he_o have_v hear_v say_v of_o arius_n and_o that_o he_o regard_v he_o as_o a_o excommunicate_v person_n have_v be_v only_o receive_v by_o a_o council_n who_o authority_n athanasius_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v it_o consist_v principal_o of_o person_n who_o opinion_n have_v be_v anathematise_v at_o nice_a it_o be_v far_o more_o natural_a thus_o to_o interpret_v this_o passage_n of_o athanasius_n than_o to_o reject_v whole_o as_o false_a a_o history_n so_o circumstance_v as_o that_o of_o the_o late_a year_n of_o the_o life_n of_o arius_n in_o respect_n of_o certain_a fact_n which_o the_o historian_n we_o have_v already_o cite_v have_v no_o interest_n to_o alter_v arius_n be_v dead_a apparent_o of_o a_o sudden_a death_n which_o may_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o tragical_a manner_n in_o which_o the_o historian_n mention_v it_o the_o dispute_v start_v on_o his_o occasion_n die_v not_o with_o he_o 31._o he_o sozom._n l._n 2._o c._n 31._o those_o who_o be_v of_o athanasius_n party_n at_o alexandria_n beseech_v of_o god_n his_o return_n in_o the_o public_a prayer_n and_o cease_v not_o to_o importune_v the_o emperor_n to_o make_v he_o be_v recall_v constantine_n be_v oblige_v to_o write_v to_o the_o people_n of_o that_o town_n a_o letter_n wherein_o he_o upbraid_v they_o for_o their_o lightness_n and_o folly_n and_o enjoin_v the_o ecclesiastic_n to_o remain_v quiet_a and_o wherein_o he_o declare_v he_o will_v not_o recall_v athanasius_n who_o he_o treat_v as_o a_o seditious_a person_n and_o one_o who_o have_v be_v condemn_v by_o a_o council_n he_o answer_v likewise_o to_o anthony_n the_o hermit_n that_o he_o can_v not_o slight_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o council_n of_o tyre_n because_o that_o suppose_v some_o among_o the_o bishop_n be_v passionate_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o wise_a and_o learned_a bishop_n shall_v all_o of_o they_o act_n by_o passion_n and_o that_o athanasius_n be_v a_o insolent_a proud_a troublesome_a follow_n constantine_n write_v these_o letter_n but_o a_o little_a time_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 337_o the_o circumstance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o life_n write_v by_o eusebius_n yet_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o panegyric_n than_o a_o uninterest_n history_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o wife_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o this_o emperor_n who_o he_o have_v put_v to_o death_n through_o jealousy_n or_o revenge_n eusebius_n live_v not_o long_o after_o he_o he_o die_v towards_o the_o year_n 340_o and_o leave_v in_o his_o place_n acacius_n his_o disciple_n 4._o disciple_n socrat._v l._n
his_o two_o son_n o_o happy_a father_n o_o unhappy_a child_n caesarius_n be_v either_o weary_a of_o julian_n solicitation_n or_o move_v with_o his_o brother_n advice_n return_v to_o nazianzum_fw-la when_o julian_n set_v out_o to_o go_v against_o the_o persian_n it_o seem_v that_o about_o the_o same_o time_n julian_n send_v a_o captain_n with_o some_o archer_n 308._o archer_n orat._n nineteeen_o p._n 308._o to_o nazianzum_fw-la to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v what_o he_o desire_v that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o speedy_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o the_o bishop_n or_o some_o other_o advice_n he_o must_v have_v retire_v with_o break_a leg_n laceâ—â—tis_fw-la leg_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pedibus_fw-la laceâ—â—tis_fw-la so_o great_a be_v the_o ardour_n of_o that_o priest_n gregory_n the_o father_n anger_n and_o zeal_n for_o that_o church_n those_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o his_o son_n which_o show_v that_o those_o good_a man_n do_v not_o always_o preach_v up_o passive_a obedience_n in_o the_o year_n 363_o julian_n be_v kill_v in_o his_o retreat_n before_o the_o persian_a army_n ibid._n army_n ibid._n a_o effect_n if_o we_o believe_v charitable_a gregory_n of_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o same_o bishop_n and_o people_n who_o design_v to_o break_v the_o leg_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o archer_n who_o i_o mention_v just_a now_o at_o that_o time_n gregory_n compose_v his_o two_o invective_n against_o julian_n wherein_o he_o omit_v nothing_o that_o can_v make_v he_o odious_a to_o all_o posterity_n those_o two_o oration_n be_v as_o full_a of_o resentment_n and_o passion_n as_o can_v be_v imagine_v against_o a_o man_n who_o abate_v of_o his_o paganism_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a emperor_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o those_o two_o oration_n be_v make_v public_a whilst_o julian_n be_v alive_a but_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n gregory_n mention_n his_o death_n in_o both_o of_o they_o the_o same_o juliani_n same_o p._n cunaeus_n praef._n in_o caesares_fw-la juliani_n author_n observe_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o we_o be_v extreme_o deceive_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v former_o illustrious_a in_o the_o church_n when_o we_o come_v to_o judge_v after_o they_o of_o some_o prince_n of_o their_o time_n prejudices_fw-la be_v so_o strong_a as_o he_o go_v on_o that_o most_o man_n examine_v nothing_o but_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o holiness_n of_o those_o great_a men._n the_o vulgar_a fancy_n that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a sin_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o piety_n of_o those_o man_n be_v not_o always_o attend_v with_o a_o great_a candour_n for_o my_o part_n as_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o they_o have_v great_a virtue_n so_o i_o do_v believe_v that_o they_o have_v commit_v some_o fault_n out_o of_o passion_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o they_o be_v very_o sharp_a to_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o those_o who_o have_v some_o reputation_n in_o greece_n be_v apt_a according_a to_o the_o ill_a custom_n of_o their_o nation_n to_o fall_v into_o extreme_n etc._n etc._n they_o cast_v into_o hell_n those_o with_o who_o they_o be_v angry_a although_o their_o virtue_n have_v raise_v they_o to_o heaven_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o have_v so_o much_o extol_v those_o who_o they_o undertake_v to_o praise_n that_o posterity_n admire_v nowadays_o their_o virtue_n which_o be_v scarce_o of_o the_o second_o order_n those_o who_o will_v judge_v sound_o of_o the_o panegyric_n and_o invective_n of_o the_o christian_a antiquity_n ought_v necessary_o to_o remember_v that_o genius_n of_o the_o greek_n 1._o gregory_n begin_v his_o 49._o his_o orat._n iii._o p._n 49._o first_o invective_n with_o opprobious_a word_n against_o julian_n to_o the_o hear_n of_o which_o he_o invite_v heaven_n and_o earth_n he_o addresses_z himself_o particular_o to_o the_o soul_n of_o 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of_o those_o who_o disposition_n make_v they_o not_o altogether_o unworthy_a of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a that_o 70._o that_o pag._n 70._o gregory_n say_v that_o some_o lie_n have_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o truth_n and_o relate_v only_o in_o a_o doubtful_a way_n what_o be_v report_v that_o julian_n as_o he_o be_v sacrifice_v see_v a_o a_o crown_a cross_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o a_o victim_n but_o he_o assure_v as_o certain_a some_o thing_n that_o be_v much_o more_o incredible_a in_o the_o follow_a oration_n 71._o oration_n pag._n 71._o and_o in_o this_o he_o say_v that_o julian_n have_v call_v out_o the_o daemon_n with_o certain_a sacrifice_n can_v not_o forbear_v be_v fright_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v the_o noise_n and_o that_o he_o see_v certain_a fire_n which_o common_o precede_v their_o apparition_n and_o that_o forasmuch_o as_o he_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n he_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n which_o present_o drive_v away_o all_o 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and_o for_o who_o solemn_a feast_n have_v be_v institute_v by_o who_o the_o daemon_n be_v drive_v away_o and_o disease_n cure_v who_o apparition_n and_o prediction_n be_v know_v the_o very_a body_n whereof_o have_v as_o much_o virtue_n as_o their_o holy_a soul_n whether_o they_o be_v touch_v or_o honour_v some_o drop_n of_o who_o blood_n only_o have_v the_o same_o virtue_n with_o their_o body_n it_o appear_v from_o those_o word_n and_o several_a other_o place_n out_o of_o gregory_n and_o other_o father_n in_o his_o time_n that_o they_o have_v already_o a_o great_a respect_n for_o the_o relic_n of_o saint_n and_o vent_v a_o great_a many_o miracle_n wrought_v at_o their_o grave_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v how_o gregory_n who_o love_v exaggeration_n say_v not_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n have_v a_o great_a virtue_n after_o their_o death_n than_o during_o their_o life_n for_o there_o be_v no_o comparison_n between_o the_o multitude_n of_o miracle_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v wrought_v at_o the_o grave_n of_o martyr_n and_o those_o which_o they_o wrought_v whilst_o they_o be_v alive_a several_a people_n believe_v that_o the_o want_n of_o sincerity_n of_o some_o christian_n and_o the_o credulity_n of_o some_o other_o do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o keep_n up_o of_o paganism_n 7._o our_o author_n 77._o author_n pag._n 77._o make_v afterward_o a_o encomium_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o despise_v socrates_n plato_n and_o all_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n gregory_n upbraid_v julian_n with_o his_o not_o esteem_v virtue_n in_o his_o enemy_n but_o certain_o his_o zeal_n make_v he_o on_o this_o occasion_n commit_v somewhat_o like_o it_o and_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o he_o have_v learn_v more_o by_o the_o read_n of_o plato_n and_o socrates_n discourse_n than_o by_o his_o conversation_n with_o all_o the_o monk_n he_o have_v see_v as_o for_o manner_n the_o continual_a sedition_n of_o those_o pious_a hermit_n and_o their_o implacable_a temper_n do_v plain_o enough_o show_v that_o they_o be_v infinite_o below_o those_o great_a pattern_n of_o the_o pagan_a antiquity_n 8._o he_o 80._o he_o pag._n 80._o right_o observe_v that_o to_o design_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o a_o time_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v full_a of_o christian_n be_v to_o undertake_v to_o ruin_v the_o empire_n itself_o when_o they_o be_v but_o a_o small_a number_n they_o may_v have_v be_v ill_o treat_v without_o any_o danger_n to_o the_o state_n but_o it_o can_v not_o then_o be_v do_v without_o cause_v great_a commotion_n and_o too_o great_a disorder_n in_o it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o the_o imitator_n of_o julian_n have_v well_o consider_v that_o advertisement_n of_o gregory_n who_o despise_v with_o great_a reason_n whatever_o may_v be_v good_a in_o julian_n government_n if_o compare_v with_o the_o mischief_n which_o so_o detestable_a a_o design_n will_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o if_o he_o have_v be_v able_a to_o execute_v it_o beside_o one_o can_v have_v wish_v that_o our_o age_n 84._o age_n pag._n 83_o 84._o have_v be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o horror_n the_o christian_n have_v for_o the_o snare_n which_o julian_n lay_v for_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n gregory_n say_v that_o some_o christian_a soldier_n have_v on_o one_o day_n wherein_o julian_n be_v distribute_v some_o liberality_n to_o his_o army_n throw_v incense_n into_o the_o fire_n in_o his_o presence_n according_a to_o a_o ancient_a custom_n it_o have_v be_v interpret_v as_o if_o they_o have_v incense_v the_o idol_n and_o have_v be_v tell_v of_o their_o fault_n as_o they_o be_v pray_v to_o christ_n by_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n after_o a_o meal_n by_o some_o who_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o have_v renounce_v he_o they_o present_o go_v into_o the_o public_a place_n and_o cry_v even_o in_o the_o emperor_n hear_v that_o they_o have_v be_v surprise_v and_o be_v christian_n julian_n be_v angry_a 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pagan_n may_v be_v upbraid_v with_o they_o forbid_v on_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o idol_n with_o the_o applause_n of_o all_o christian_n if_o we_o believe_v vincentium_fw-la believe_v ep._n 48._o ad_fw-la vincentium_fw-la st._n augustine_n i_o must_v not_o forget_v here_o to_o observe_v another_o effect_n of_o gregory_n rhetoric_n viz._n speak_v of_o the_o christian_a virgin_n of_o arethusa_n who_o have_v be_v so_o ill_o treat_v he_o do_v not_o only_o inveigh_v against_o the_o pagan_n but_o also_o address_v himself_o to_o our_o saviour_n by_o way_n of_o apostrophe_n in_o these_o word_n o_o jesus_n christ_n how_o shall_v i_o suffer_v the_o patience_n you_o show_v then_o 10._o julian_n add_v 94._o add_v pag._n 94._o insult_v to_o ill_a treatment_n and_o when_o he_o deprive_v the_o christian_n of_o their_o estate_n he_o say_v that_o he_o only_o help_v they_o to_o observe_v the_o gospel_n which_o command_v to_o despise_v they_o that_o raillery_n may_v be_v see_v in_o 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design_n of_o julian_n against_o the_o christian_n some_o of_o his_o action_n and_o his_o death_n 1_o he_o 111._o he_o orat._n four_o p._n 111._o will_v favour_v the_o jew_n to_o oppose_v they_o to_o the_o christian_n and_o rebuild_v the_o temple_n of_o jerusalem_n when_o the_o jew_n begin_v that_o work_n there_o happen_v as_o when_o julian_n himself_o be_v build_v with_o his_o brother_n gallus_n so_o great_a a_o earthquake_n that_o they_o all_o run_v away_o as_o they_o be_v go_v into_o a_o neighbour_a temple_n to_o secure_v themselves_o the_o gate_n shut_v themselves_o of_o their_o own_o motion_n as_o some_o report_v it_o but_o every_o body_n if_o we_o believe_v gregory_n affirm_v that_o as_o they_o intend_v to_o force_v their_o entrance_n into_o that_o temple_n some_o flame_n come_v out_o of_o it_o which_o consume_v part_n of_o they_o and_o lame_v the_o rest_n if_o any_o miraculous_a thing_n happen_v on_o this_o occasion_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o they_o take_v little_a 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himself_o or_o those_o who_o be_v by_o he_o he_o see_v it_o shine_v in_o his_o clothes_n or_o in_o those_o of_o other_o after_o a_o more_o artificial_a manner_n than_o the_o fine_a weave_v or_o the_o most_o exact_a picture_n can_v represent_v it_o that_o miracle_n together_o with_o the_o foregoing_a convert_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n if_o we_o believe_v gregory_n 2._o afterward_o he_o etc._n he_o pag._n 114_o etc._n etc._n describe_v julian_n march_n and_o behaviour_n against_o the_o persian_n and_o his_o death_n about_o which_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v some_o relate_v it_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o a_o variety_n to_o be_v observe_v not_o only_o among_o those_o who_o be_v not_o at_o the_o fight_n where_o he_o die_v but_o also_o among_o those_o who_o be_v in_o it_o gregory_n say_v what_o he_o hear_v concern_v it_o but_o he_o have_v not_o relate_v that_o be_v report_v about_o it_o as_o it_o
place_n which_o be_v so_o much_o envy_v he_o go_v to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o retire_v he_o obtain_v it_o with_o some_o difficulty_n and_o have_v obtain_v it_o his_o only_a thought_n be_v to_o take_v his_o leave_n public_o which_o he_o do_v in_o the_o cathedral_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o bishop_n and_o all_o the_o people_n the_o discourse_n he_o make_v be_v extant_a still_o and_o be_v the_o thirty_o second_o in_o order_n he_o describe_v the_o bad_a condition_n he_o find_v the_o orthodox_n church_n of_o constantinople_n in_o and_o the_o alteration_n he_o make_v in_o it_o he_o make_v a_o confession_n of_o his_o belief_n concern_v the_o holy_a trinity_n and_o show_v that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v censure_v he_o exhort_v the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n to_o choose_v a_o person_n worthy_a of_o the_o see_v of_o constantinople_n to_o succeed_v he_o and_o last_o take_v his_o leave_n of_o all_o those_o who_o hear_v he_o in_o that_o 523._o that_o pag._n 523._o oration_n he_o complain_v of_o his_o old_a age._n and_o in_o the_o poem_n concern_v his_o life_n 30._o life_n pag._n 30._o he_o say_v he_o be_v then_o but_o a_o dead_a man_n animate_v which_o he_o can_v not_o say_v have_v he_o be_v but_o fifty_o six_o or_o fifty_o seven_o year_n old_a according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a supputation_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v take_v his_o leave_n the_o people_n and_o general_o all_o those_o who_o hear_v he_o at_o constantinople_n show_v a_o great_a grief_n for_o it_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o council_n must_v needs_o have_v appear_v to_o they_o very_o inconstant_a and_o violent_a since_o after_o they_o have_v confirm_v gregory_n in_o the_o see_v of_o constantinople_n they_o oblige_v he_o to_o leave_v it_o when_o he_o be_v above_o fourscore_o year_n old_a without_o doubt_n so_o imprudent_a and_o unchristian_a a_o behaviour_n give_v matter_n of_o sport_n to_o the_o 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to_o the_o emperor_n some_o bishop_n 8._o bishop_n sozom._n l._n 7._o c._n 8._o put_v in_o nectarius_n a_o senator_n of_o constantinople_n a_o man_n of_o a_o exemplary_a life_n and_o good_a mien_n but_o be_v not_o baptise_a yet_o and_o have_v scarce_o any_o learning_n it_o be_v not_o know_v whether_o gregory_n set_v out_o for_o cappadocia_n before_o that_o election_n be_v make_v or_o whether_o he_o stay_v at_o constantinople_n till_o they_o have_v name_v he_o a_o successor_n however_o gregory_n write_v 46._o write_v orat._n 46._o a_o instruction_n for_o nectarius_n wherein_o he_o begin_v with_o say_v that_o it_o seem_v god_n providence_n which_o heretofore_o take_v care_n of_o the_o church_n have_v altogether_o give_v over_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o life_n he_o say_v that_o his_o private_a affliction_n though_o so_o great_a that_o they_o will_v seem_v intolerable_a to_o any_o body_n else_o induce_v he_o not_o to_o speak_v so_o he_o assure_v that_o the_o condition_n only_o the_o church_n be_v in_o extort_a those_o word_n from_o he_o afterward_o he_o describe_v to_o nectarius_n the_o boldness_n of_o the_o arian_n and_o macedonian_n who_o be_v at_o least_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o orthodox_n and_o dare_v to_o meet_v public_o a_o horrible_a undertake_n after_o the_o decision_n of_o a_o council_n so_o well_o regulate_v as_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v a_o little_a before_o gregory_n can_v not_o apprehend_v how_o his_o holiness_n and_o his_o gravity_n so_o the_o bishop_n be_v call_v suffer_v the_o apollinarist_n to_o meet_v he_o let_v he_o know_v that_o apollinaris_n assert_v that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n exi_v before_o the_o world_n that_o the_o divinity_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o that_o the_o body_n which_o descend_v from_o heaven_n and_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o son_n do_v notwithstanding_o die_v gregory_n fancy_v i_o know_v not_o why_o that_o to_o suffer_v those_o man_n to_o meet_v be_v to_o allow_v they_o that_o their_o doctrine_n be_v true_a than_o that_o of_o the_o council_n since_o there_o can_v be_v two_o truth_n as_o if_o to_o suffer_v some_o body_n be_v to_o denote_v that_o one_o believe_v their_o opinion_n to_o be_v true_a last_o he_o exhort_v nectarius_n to_o tell_v the_o emperor_n that_o what_o he_o have_v do_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o church_n will_v signify_v nothing_o if_o heretic_n be_v suffer_v to_o meet_v thus_o good_a gregory_n who_o whilst_o the_o arian_n be_v strong_a have_v the_o emperor_n on_o their_o side_n will_v not_o have_v that_o practise_v which_o be_v blame_v in_o they_o exhort_v his_o successor_n to_o forget_v that_o good_a lecture_n so_o difficult_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o to_o contradict_v one_o self_n when_o one_o do_v not_o take_v great_a care_n to_o be_v free_a from_o passion_n the_o next_o year_n 8._o year_n theod._n l._n 5._o c._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o assembly_n of_o bishop_n hold_v at_o constantinople_n to_o which_o gregory_n be_v invite_v but_o he_o refuse_v to_o go_v and_o he_o answer_v those_o who_o invite_v he_o to_o it_o thus_o 55._o thus_o ep._n 55._o if_o i_o must_v write_v the_o truth_n to_o you_o i_o be_o so_o affect_v that_o i_o will_v always_o avoid_v any_o assembly_n of_o bishop_n because_o i_o never_o see_v any_o synod_n that_o have_v good_a success_n or_o which_o do_v not_o rather_o increase_v the_o evil_a than_o lessen_v it_o without_o any_o exaggeration_n the_o spirit_n of_o dispute_n and_o ambition_n be_v so_o great_a in_o they_o that_o it_o can_v be_v express_v one_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v that_o our_o bishop_n say_v so_o without_o think_v well_o on_o it_o and_o in_o a_o fit_a of_o passion_n he_o repeat_v it_o in_o his_o sixty-fifth_a seventy_o first_o seventy_o second_o and_o seventy_o four_o letter_n and_o beside_o he_o divert_v himself_o by_o put_v in_o verse_n the_o same_o thought_n in_o his_o poetical_a piece_n 80._o piece_n carm._n 10._o p._n 80._o i_o will_v never_o go_v say_v he_o to_o any_o synod_n because_o gregory_n draw_v for_o example_n baronius_n 5._o baronius_n pagi_n ad_fw-la a_o 389._o a._n 5._o or_o some_o of_o his_o transcriber_n into_o a_o error_n since_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o gregory_n a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n caesarius_n and_o sister_n gorgonia_n say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o old_a man_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o premature_n old_a age_n because_o the_o translator_n make_v use_v of_o that_o term_n in_o translate_n the_o 363_o verse_n of_o the_o poem_n entitle_v carmen_fw-la i._o de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o original_a as_o for_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o work_v write_v in_o prose_n it_o be_v incomparable_o better_a and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o abbot_n de_fw-fr billy_n be_v as_o fit_v for_o prose_n as_o he_o be_v unfit_a for_o verse_n it_o be_v a_o surprise_a thing_n that_o a_o man_n of_o his_o learning_n take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o translate_v into_o bad_a verse_n what_o he_o may_v have_v better_o translate_v in_o prose_n however_o one_o may_v observe_v a_o thing_n in_o the_o translation_n both_o of_o gregory_n oration_n and_o letter_n which_o show_v that_o one_o ought_v always_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o original_a viz._n that_o the_o punctuation_n of_o the_o translation_n be_v often_o altogether_o different_a from_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o greek_a which_o make_v it_o appear_v neat_a this_o may_v arise_v partly_o from_o the_o fault_n of_o those_o who_o put_v the_o greek_a over_o against_o his_o translation_n for_o he_o publish_v it_o by_o itself_o and_o be_v not_o careful_a enough_o to_o correct_v it_o and_o partly_o from_o the_o liberty_n the_o translator_n take_v who_o cut_v several_a period_n that_o be_v too_o long_o and_o
modern_a schoolman_n and_o which_o f._n chamillard_n seem_v to_o follow_v in_o his_o paraphrase_n but_o other_o who_o have_v the_o same_o thought_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o word_n hades_n believe_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v still_o in_o a_o subterranean_a place_n which_o they_o call_v abraham_n bosom_n where_o they_o be_v to_o stay_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o resurrection_n justin_n martyr_n st._n irenaeus_n tertullian_n st._n hilary_n and_o st._n gregory_n nyssen_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n other_o who_o maintain_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o patriarch_n can_v not_o be_v in_o a_o place_n call_v hell_n which_o in_o their_o opinion_n denote_v only_o the_o place_n of_o torment_n in_o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o christ_n real_o descend_v into_o the_o place_n wherein_o the_o devil_n and_o wicked_a man_n be_v torment_v they_o believe_v he_o go_v thither_o to_o deliver_v the_o soul_n which_o be_v there_o to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n which_o their_o sin_n deserve_v some_o pretend_v that_o christ_n have_v only_o deliver_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o those_o soul_n and_o other_o that_o he_o have_v altogether_o empty_v hell_n st._n augustine_n 79._o augustine_n haeres_fw-la 79._o call_v this_o latter_a opinion_n a_o heresy_n and_o follow_v the_o former_a however_o it_o be_v st._n cyril_n opinion_n 7._o opinion_n hom._n pasch_fw-mi 7._o who_o assure_v we_o that_o when_o christ_n be_v rise_v he_o leave_v the_o devil_n alone_o in_o hell_n prudentius_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n too_o at_o least_o in_o his_o 133._o his_o verse_n 125._o &_o 133._o five_o hymn_n he_o say_v that_o every_o year_n on_o the_o night_n in_o which_o christ_n rise_v the_o damn_a feel_v no_o pain_n which_o suppose_v that_o christ_n descend_v into_o that_o place_n and_o take_v the_o damn_a out_o of_o it_o on_o that_o very_a night_n sunt_fw-la &_o spiritibus_fw-la saepè_fw-la nocentibus_fw-la paenarum_fw-la celebres_fw-la sub_fw-la styge_n feriae_fw-la illa_fw-la nocte_fw-la sacer_fw-la qua_fw-la rediit_fw-la deus_fw-la stagnis_fw-la ad_fw-la superos_fw-la ex_fw-la acheronticis_fw-la marcent_fw-la suppliciis_fw-la tartara_fw-la mitibus_fw-la exultatque_fw-la svi_fw-la carceris_fw-la otio_fw-la umbrarum_fw-la populus_fw-la libre_fw-la ab_fw-la ignibus_fw-la nec_fw-la fervent_a solito_fw-la flumina_fw-la sulphur_n the_o spirit_n of_o the_o wicked_a the_o night_n in_o which_o god_n come_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o acheron_n have_v some_o solemn_a release_v from_o their_o torment_n tartarus_n languish_v with_o mild_a punishment_n the_o people_n of_o the_o shade_n free_a from_o fire_n be_v glad_a to_o have_v some_o rest_n in_o their_o prison_n and_o the_o river_n of_o brimstone_n do_v boil_v as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v f._n chamillard_n observe_v that_o the_o poet_n be_v mistake_v in_o that_o respect_n although_o st._n augustine_n 12._o augustine_n enchir._n c._n 12._o believe_v also_o that_o the_o damn_a have_v sometime_o some_o release_n the_o schoolman_n and_o other_o divine_n who_o be_v so_o positive_a upon_o that_o matter_n shall_v produce_v a_o clear_a revelation_n or_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o place_n which_o they_o speak_v of_o but_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o variety_n of_o opinion_n that_o no_o body_n have_v any_o such_o proof_n and_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o it_o be_v better_a ingenious_o to_o confess_v that_o they_o know_v nothing_o of_o it_o no_o more_o than_o those_o who_o former_o speak_v of_o it_o so_o different_o we_o shall_v see_v again_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o work_n a_o thought_n of_o prudentius_n extraordinary_a enough_o concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o dead_a 7._o in_o the_o hymn_n 95._o hymn_n verse_n 95._o to_o be_v say_v before_o sleep_n speak_v of_o the_o divine_a justice_n which_o can_v kill_v the_o soul_n as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n he_o say_v idem_fw-la tamen_fw-la benignus_fw-la vltor_n retundit_fw-la iram_fw-la paucosque_fw-la non_fw-la piorum_fw-la patitur_fw-la perire_fw-la in_o aevum_fw-la notwithstanding_o that_o revenger_n full_a of_o goodness_n stop_v his_o wrath_n and_o only_o permit_v that_o some_o impious_a man_n perish_v for_o ever_o have_v prudentius_n read_v plato_n one_o may_v believe_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v that_o opinion_n from_o he_o for_o that_o philosopher_n introduce_v socrates_n in_o his_o phaedon_n divide_v man_n into_o three_o order_n the_o last_o whereof_o which_o contain_v but_o a_o small_a number_n of_o they_o be_v of_o those_o who_o be_v come_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o wickedness_n and_o who_o be_v past_o cure_v be_v precipitate_v into_o tartarus_n never_o to_o come_v out_o of_o it_o it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o our_o poet_n by_o perirae_n in_o aevum_fw-la mean_v not_o mere_o to_o be_v exclude_v from_o heaven_n or_o to_o be_v in_o hell_n but_o to_o suffer_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o punishment_n in_o it_o for_o he_o acknowledge_v several_a degree_n of_o it_o as_o he_o say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o harmartigeny_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o father_n have_v very_o different_o speak_v of_o the_o state_n of_o soul_n after_o death_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o prudentius_n shall_v have_v a_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o upon_o that_o subject_a we_o have_v see_v what_o they_o say_v concern_v the_o place_n into_o which_o christ_n descend_v whilst_o his_o body_n be_v in_o the_o grave_a and_o several_a of_o their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o wicked_a may_v be_v see_v in_o huetius_n his_o origeniana_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o q._n 11._o by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o justin_n martyr_n and_o st._n irenaeus_n believe_v that_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n they_o shall_v be_v annihilate_v but_o say_v that_o learned_a man_n the_o church_n have_v decide_v nothing_o then_o concern_v those_o question_n so_o that_o what_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o uncertain_a at_o that_o time_n become_v certain_a since_o some_o council_n be_v please_v to_o tell_v what_o be_v their_o opinion_n concern_v it_o which_o opinion_n can_v be_v ground_v upon_o a_o constant_a tradition_n see_v the_o ancient_n speak_v so_o different_o of_o it_o 8._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n when_o they_o go_v to_o bed_n think_v that_o that_o sign_n do_v drive_v away_o the_o devil_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n of_o 131._o of_o verse_n 131._o prudentius_n in_o the_o same_o hymn_n frontem_fw-la locumque_fw-la cordis_fw-la crucis_fw-la figura_fw-la signet_n crux_fw-la pellit_fw-la omne_fw-la crimen_fw-la fugiunt_fw-la crucem_fw-la tenebrae_fw-la etc._n etc._n make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n upon_o the_o forehead_n and_o heart_n the_o cross_n drive_v away_o all_o manner_n of_o crime_n and_o darkness_n fly_v from_o the_o cross_n etc._n etc._n the_o respect_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v for_o that_o figure_n give_v occasion_n to_o their_o be_v accuse_v of_o worship_v the_o cross_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o minutius_n fellix_fw-la who_o vindicate_v himself_o from_o it_o but_o at_o last_o the_o time_n come_v when_o man_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o maintain_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v worship_v thus_o outward_a practice_n which_o strike_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v perform_v without_o trouble_n be_v easy_o keep_v up_o and_o increase_v whilst_o the_o inward_a disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o can_v be_v acquire_v without_o pain_n and_o without_o renounce_v one_o passion_n be_v neglect_v 9_o in_o the_o 147._o the_o ver._n 147._o seven_o hymn_n which_o be_v for_o those_o who_o fast_o prudentius_n speak_v of_o the_o fast_a of_o the_o ninivites_n afford_v we_o a_o example_n of_o a_o manner_n of_o speak_v which_o may_v easy_o lead_v one_o into_o a_o error_n if_o he_o do_v not_o read_v with_o great_a attention_n he_o speak_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o time_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v in_o a_o very_a remote_a time_n and_o which_o those_o who_o do_v it_o will_v not_o have_v express_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n placet_fw-la frementem_fw-la publicis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la placare_fw-la christum_fw-la it_o be_v resolve_v to_o appease_v christ_n with_o public_a fast_n if_o the_o ninivites_n well_o know_v and_o if_o we_o know_v not_o the_o fast_a which_o prudentius_n mention_n be_v celebrate_v many_o age_n before_o christ_n we_o may_v conclude_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o people_n know_v christ_n but_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o our_o poet_n have_v no_o such_o thought_n but_o only_o speak_v as_o they_o do_v in_o his_o time_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n those_o who_o speak_v of_o the_o father_n be_v of_o the_o old_a testament_n in_o christian_a term_n do_v the_o same_o 10._o prudentius_n be_v not_o very_o exact_a in_o his_o expression_n as_o one_o may_v easy_o perceive_v by_o the_o read_n of_o some_o page_n with_o a_o little_a application_n here_o be_v
2._o c._n 4._o who_o write_v his_o master_n life_n which_o we_o have_v not_o i_o shall_v not_o relate_v what_o happen_v afterward_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o arian_n dispute_v because_o i_o only_o design_v to_o mention_v the_o event_n which_o happen_v during_o the_o life_n of_o eusebius_n or_o in_o which_o he_o be_v somewhat_o concern_v he_o be_v always_o of_o the_o arian_n side_n and_o st._n athanasius_n and_o st._n jerom_n have_v accuse_v he_o of_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n in_o effect_n it_o be_v scarce_o credible_a that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v orthodox_n he_o will_v have_v so_o much_o favour_v arianism_n and_o give_v his_o consent_n to_o the_o deposal_n of_o st._n athanasius_n yet_o 21._o yet_o ib._n c._n 21._o socrates_n have_v undertake_v to_o justify_v he_o by_o cite_v some_o passage_n wherein_o he_o speak_v as_o the_o orthodox_n do_v and_o several_a modern_a author_n have_v do_v the_o same_o as_o dr._n cave_n in_o the_o life_n of_o eusebius_n which_o he_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o english_a this_o latter_a seem_v to_o have_v think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o it_o through_o christian_a charity_n but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o christian_a charity_n that_o be_v the_o love_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v for_o all_o christian_n shall_v oblige_v all_o historian_n to_o mention_v such_o truth_n as_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o state_n of_o those_o that_o be_v dead_a and_o be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o live_n who_o learn_v thereby_o to_o judge_v sound_o of_o thing_n that_o pretend_a charity_n which_o extend_v itself_o only_o to_o the_o father_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o orthodox_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o we_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n only_a panegyric_n of_o the_o ancient_n wherein_o their_o defect_n be_v always_o suppress_v when_o they_o can_v be_v cover_v with_o the_o mask_n of_o some_o virtue_n eusebius_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o his_o conduct_n at_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v a_o dextrous_a person_n which_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o subscribe_v to_o term_n which_o he_o do_v not_o like_a provide_v he_o can_v expound_v they_o in_o a_o sense_n agreeable_a to_o his_o mind_n though_o little_a agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o those_o who_o set_v they_o up_o indeed_o a_o man_n must_v shut_v his_o eye_n who_o do_v not_o see_v by_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o caesarea_n that_o he_o understand_v otherwise_o the_o term_n of_o the_o creed_n than_o athanasius_n for_o example_n do_v so_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o mind_v the_o term_n which_o he_o use_v to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o such_o way_n of_o speak_v as_o be_v authorize_v and_o which_o he_o look_v upon_o as_o equivocal_a but_o only_o such_o place_n wherein_o he_o speak_v after_o a_o manner_n altogether_o opposite_a to_o the_o receive_a opinion_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr theologia_n ecclesiastica_fw-la he_o explain_v himself_o with_o so_o great_a clearness_n in_o several_a place_n that_o if_o some_o equivocal_a passage_n may_v be_v oppose_v to_o they_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o citation_n but_o what_o may_v be_v elude_v you_o be_v afraid_a say_v he_o to_o marcellus_n book_n 3._o chap._n 7._o lest_o by_o own_v two_o hypostasis_n you_o shall_v introduce_v two_o principle_n and_o destroy_v the_o unity_n of_o god_n learn_v therefore_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o god_n without_o generation_n and_o beginning_n who_o beget_v the_o son_n there_o be_v but_o one_o principle_n one_o only_a monarchy_n and_o one_o reign_n since_o the_o son_n acknowledge_v the_o reign_n of_o his_o father_n for_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o jesus_n christ_n as_o the_o apostle_n say_v but_o you_o very_o much_o fear_n say_v you_o lest_o those_o who_o confess_v that_o the_o father_n and_o son_n have_v two_o hypostasis_n be_v oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v two_o principle_n learn_v therefore_o that_o those_o who_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v two_o hypostasis_n in_o god_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v two_o father_n nor_o two_o son_n but_o they_o will_v only_o grant_v that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v father_n and_o the_o other_o son_n so_o those_o who_o admit_v of_o two_o hypostasis_n ought_v not_o necessary_o to_o own_o that_o there_o be_v two_o go_n for_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o they_o be_v equal_a in_o honour_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nor_o that_o both_o have_v no_o beginning_n or_o be_v not_o beget_v but_o that_o the_o one_o be_v without_o generation_n and_o beginning_n and_o the_o other_o be_v beget_v and_o have_v the_o father_n for_o his_o principle_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o son_n call_v his_o father_n his_o god_n when_o he_o say_v i_o go_v to_o my_o god_n and_o to_o your_o god_n etc._n etc._n wherefore_o the_o church_n teach_v only_o one_o who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o son_n etc._n etc._n he_o go_v on_o in_o the_o same_o strain_n and_o declare_v that_o that_o passage_n and_o the_o like_a can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o flesh_n or_o humane_a nature_n of_o christ_n these_o principle_n be_v very_o different_a from_o those_o of_o st._n athanasius_n who_o say_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o god_n though_o there_o be_v three_o person_n 1._o person_n in_o 1._o dial._n de_fw-fr trin._n tom._n 2._o p._n 160._o vid._n &_o curcellaei_n quaternion_n diss_n 1._o because_o those_o three_o person_n be_v altogether_o equal_a and_o there_o be_v but_o one_o deity_n in_o kind_a this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o read_v the_o write_n of_o eusebius_n to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v that_o he_o be_v a_o disciple_n of_o origen_n of_o who_o one_o may_v see_v several_a opinion_n in_o the_o life_n of_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n it_o remain_v only_o to_o give_v a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o work_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o the_o life_n of_o clemens_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o dr._n cave_n chartophylax_fw-la add_v to_o it_o what_o i_o shall_v think_v fit_a 1._o a_o chronicle_n or_o a_o universal_a history_n the_o first_o part_n whereof_o which_o be_v now_o very_o imperfect_a contain_v the_o antiquity_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o chaldaean_n assyrian_n mede_n persian_n lydian_n hebrew_n egyptian_n etc._n etc._n eusebius_n take_v it_o from_o africanus_n the_o second_o entitle_v a_o chronological_a canon_n be_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o first_o and_o reduce_v all_o the_o chronology_n into_o decade_n from_o abraham_n to_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o constantine_n which_o make_v one_o believe_v that_o that_o work_n be_v finish_v a_o little_a before_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a st._n jerom_n translate_v it_o into_o latin_a add_v several_a thing_n to_o it_o especial_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o roman_a history_n in_o which_o eusebius_n be_v not_o very_o well_o skilled_a the_o greek_a original_a be_v lose_v and_o joseph_n scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v it_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v by_o collect_v all_o the_o fragment_n he_o find_v in_o syncellus_n cedrenus_n and_o the_o chronicle_n of_o alexandria_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v print_v at_o leyden_n in_o 1606_o with_o his_o note_n but_o they_o have_v be_v reprint_v since_o at_o amsterdam_n in_o 1658_o with_o more_o note_n 2._o the_o evangelical_n preparation_n in_o fifteen_o book_n which_o he_o publish_v after_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a since_o he_o cite_v his_o chronological_a canon_n in_o they_o the_o design_n of_o eusebius_n in_o that_o work_n be_v to_o confute_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o pagan_n and_o to_o prove_v some_o principle_n of_o we_o by_o their_o philosopher_n to_o dispose_v they_o to_o embrace_v it_o more_o easy_o he_o show_v therefore_o one_a that_o the_o christian_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o renounce_v the_o heathenish_a religion_n and_o give_v some_o abridgement_n of_o the_o theology_n of_o the_o phoenician_n and_o egyptian_n and_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o grecian_n concern_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o of_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o world_n be_v not_o eternal_a 2_o that_o the_o grecian_n borrow_v their_o divinity_n from_o the_o eastern_a nation_n and_o that_o their_o god_n be_v only_o dead_a man_n who_o grave_n be_v turn_v into_o temple_n and_o who_o fabulous_a history_n be_v so_o ridiculous_a that_o plato_n laugh_v at_o it_o 3_o that_o to_o defend_v their_o fable_n they_o have_v in_o vain_a explain_v they_o after_o a_o allegorical_a manner_n a_o method_n whereof_o he_o show_v the_o vanity_n 4thly_a that_o the_o pagan_a oracle_n contain_v only_o the_o answer_n and_o cheat_n of_o bad_a daemon_n 5thly_a that_o nothing_o be_v so_o false_a as_o what_o the_o stoic_n say_v concern_v fate_n 6thly_a that_o the_o opinion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o most_o rational_a pagan_a philosopher_n especial_o to_o