Thee Hast thou been honour'd by my sacred Breath 'Mongst rude Arcadians thus to beg a Death What greater glory can thy ashes haue Then in my flowry groues to dig thy graue Although the least among my learned sonnes Thy fortunes told thee that I lou'd thee once And so doe still although my haplesse Baies Taught thy despaire to spinne out carelesse dayes And to compose thy discontented Head To slumber softly on the Muses Bed Be rul'd by me my poore yet loued Son Trust not their smiles whose wrongs haue thee vndone Thy faire Hopes grounded on thy place of birth Will fly in Atomes or consume in Earth Before within that Hemispheare of thine Thy Deuons Sunne on thee shall euer shine Then trust vnto my bounty turne thy sight From thy darke Confines to my golden light All thy endowments owed to my wombe Returne them back and there erect thy tombe If no Mecenas crowne thee with his Rayes Teach thy content to sleepe out quiet dayes Let Contemplation with transpiercing eyes Mount thee a pitch beyond the starry skyes And there present thee that eternall glasse Wherein the greatnesse of this wondrous masse Shrinkes to an Aâ—ome where my Astrolube Shall shew thee starres beyond thy painted Globe Where thou aloft as from a mountaine steepe Shalt see the greatest men like Antes to creepe Thy dayes shall minister thee choicest Theames Which night shall render in delicious dreames And thy seuere Philosophy the whiles In amourous kinde shall courte thee with her smiles Or if thy nature with constraint descends Below her owne delight to practick endes Rise with my morning Phaebus slight the West Till furrowed Age inuite thee to rest And then perchance thy Earth which seldome gaue Thee Aire to breath will lend thy Corps a graue Soone the last trumpet will be heard to sound And of thy load Ease the Deâ—oâ—ian ground Meane time if any gentle swaine come by To view the marble where thy ashes ly He may vpon that stone in fewer yeeres Engraue an â—â—iâ—â—ph with fretâ—ing teares Then make mens frozen hearts with all his cries Drink in a drop from his distilling eyes Yet will I promise thy neglected bones A firmer monument then speachles stones And when I pinâ— with age and wits with rust Seraphick Angells shall dreserue thy dust And all good men acknowledge shall with me Thou lou'st thy Countrey when she hateth thee This strange reproofe of an indulgent mother I could not entertaine without passion In so much as without feare or wit I aduentured in this sort to answer her in her owne language Ad Matrem Academiam 〈…〉 haue my former yeeres So much 〈…〉 on thy hate or these my teares Thus to diuorce me from my place of birth To be a stranger to my natiue Earth Wilt thou expose him on thy common stage To striue and struggle in an Iron age Whose low ambition neuer learn'd of thee The curious Artes of thriuing policy Thy golden tongue from which my yonger dayes Suckt the sweet musick of thy learned layes Was better taught thy office then my fate To make me thine yet most vnfortunate Why was I fostred in thy learned schooles To study with for the reward of fooles That while I sate to heâ—re the Muses sing The Winter suddenly ore-took my Spring Haue I so played the truant with my howres Or with base riot stained thy sacred Bowres Or as a Viper did I euer striue To gnaw a passage through thy wombe to thriue To pluck me thus from Deuons brest to try What thou canst doe when as thy dugges are dry When my short thread of life is almost spunne Thou biddst me rise vp with thy morning Sun And like a Heliotrope adore the East When my care-hastened Age arriues at West Could I encounter as I once did hope The God of learning in the Horoscope My Phâ—buâ— would auspicious lookes incline On my hard fate and discontents to shine Now lodged in a luckles house reiects My former suites and frownes with sad aspects Had I been borne when that eternall hand Wrapt the infant world in her first swadling band Before Philosophy was taught the way To rock the cradle in which Nature lay My Learning had been Husbandry My Birth Had ow'd no toll but to the virgine Earth Noâ— haâ— I courted for these thiâ—â—y yeeres Thy seuen proud minions with officious teares To liue had been my industry no tongue Had taxt thy honours guilty of my wrong Had I been shepheard on our Westerne plaines I might haue sung amongst those happy swaines Some shepheardesse hearing my melody Might haue been charmed kind as charity And taught me those sad minutes to repriue Which I haue lost in studying how to thriue Had I aduetur'd on the brinish fome And sworne my selfe a stranger to my home Till time the Haruest reapt my youth did owe And Ages winter had spent all her snow Vpon my haires what worser could I haue Then loose thy frownes to find a wished graue The Scythian hewne from Caucasus would aske â—efore my slaughter why a needles taske Of Trauaile I should vndertâ—ke to see Their Countreyes bounds and my sad misery But hearing my harsh bondage vnder thee Would thine vnkindnesse hate and piâ—ty me To see thy Child far seuer'd from thy wombe The Canniball would make himselfe my tombe And till his owne were spent preserue my dust In his deere vrne which thou hast sleightly lost Canst thou neglected see his Age to freeze Whose youth thou dandl'st on indulgent knees The fowle aspersions on my Deuon throwne Thou mightst in right acknowledge for thine owne Only this difference to men wanting worth They sell preferments and thou sends them forth Canst thou be brib'd to honour with a kisse Thy guilded folly which deserues the hisse If thy foâ—'d wants and flattery conspire To sell thy Scarlet to a worthles Squire Or grace with miniuere some proselite Who nere knew artes or reade the Stagirite Yet should thy hand be frugall to preserue That stock for want of which thy sonnes may starue Haue I seru'd out three prentiships yet find Thy trade inferiour to the humblest mind And that outstript by vnthrifts which were sent Free with indentures ere their yeeres were spent Then cease yee sisters of the Thespian springs Thalia burne thy books and breake thy strings And mother make thy selfe a second Tombe For all thy ofspring and so shut thy wombe Accuse not my iust anger but the cause Nature may vrge but fury scornes her lawes I fawn'd too long on Iustice Sith that failes Storme Indignation and blow vp my sailes Ingenious choller arm'd with Scorpions stings Which whipp'st on Pesants and commandest Kings And giu'st each milky soule a penne to write Though all the world turned a parasite O Temper my braines thy bitternesse infuse Descend and dictate to my angry Muse. O pardon mother something checkes my spleene And from thy face takes off my angry teene Reuolted Nature by the same degrees Goes and returnes begges
it will euer prosper 4 Why our Mastiffes a seruiceable kinde of creature against the molestation of Wolues and such hurtfull beasts transported into France should after a litter or two degenerate into Curres and proue altogether vnseruiceable 5 Why with vs in England some places produce Sheep of great stature but course wooll other places small Sheep but of very fine wooll which being naturally transplanted will in a generation or two so degenerate the one into the others nature that the greater sheep loose somewhat of their greatnesse yet improue their fleeces as the other increase their stature but loose much in the finenesse of their wooll 6 Why many places at the ridge of the mountaines Andi in America cannot bee passed ouer without extreame vomitting and griping euen vnto death 7 Why a Riuer in the Indies should haue such a nature to breed a great long worme in a mans leg which oftentimes proues mortall vnto the patient with infinite the like examples found in Geographers concerning the nature and accidents of Fountaines Hearbs Trees Beasts and Men themselues as wee shall shew hereafter so much varied according to the disposition of the soyle what wiser answer can an ingenious man expect then silence or admiration for to make recourse to Sympathies Antipathies and such hidden qualities with the current of our Philosophers is no other then in such sort to confesse our owne ignorance as if notwithstanding wee desired to bee accounted learned for beside the difference of the termes wherein euery Mountebanke may talke downe a iudicious Scholler I see no aduantage betwixt a Clowne which sayes he is ignorant of the cause of such an effect or of a iuggling Scholler which assignes the cause to bee a sympathie antipathie or some occult quality I speake not this to countenance supine blockishnesse or to cast a blocke in the way of curious industrie The former disposition I haue alwayes hated and the latter still wished in my selfe and admitted in others All which I can in this matter propose to a curious wit to bee sought must bee reduced to one of these two heads for either such admirable effects as we haue mentioned must arise from some Formall and Specificall vertue in the soyle or from some extraordinary Temperament made of a rare combination of the Elements and their secondary mixtures as of Hearbs Stones Mineralls and vapours arising from such and affecting the Aire of both which wee shall haue some occasion to treat in the particular Adiuncts of places yet so as I feare I shall neither giue my selfe content or my Reader any sufficient satisfaction But In magnis voluisse sat est 11 Hitherto of the common imbred Adiuncts of the Earth Topographically taken Next we will speake somewhat of the Magneticall Affections of a place These are in number two viz Variation and Declination We haue in our former Treatise of the Magneticall nature of the Earth handled diuerse other affections growing from the Magneticall Temper and disposition of the terrestriall Globe whence some man might here collect this repetition to bee altogether needlesse or at the least imperfect omitting many other of the Magneticall Affections To this I answer that it is one thing to speake of these Affections as they agree to the whole Spheare of the Earth Another thing to consider them as they are particular proprieties and markes of particular places and Regions In the former sort haue we besides the Variation and Declination handled many other affections of the Earth magnetically considered Wee here onely speake of these two as they are speciall markes and proprieties of sqeciall places which it behooues a Topographer to obserue as a matter worthy of obseruation in the description of any place The vse shall be commended vnto vs in these two Theoremes 1. The Magneticall Variation is of no vse for the first finding out of the Longitude yet may it serue to good purpose for the Recognition of a place heretofore discouered The reason of this wee haue shewne in our former booke because the variation seldome or neuer answeres proportionally to the Longitude as some of the ancients on false grounds haue surmised whence no true consequence can bee drawne from the variation of a place to the finding out of the Longitude yet may it bee of speciall vse for the new finding out of such places as haue formerly by others beene first discouered so the variation were first by them diligently and faithfully noted and obserued first because few places in the Earth can exactly and precisely agree in the selfe-same variation but in some Degree or minute will bee found to varie Secondly if any two places should bee found to accord in the same Degree of Variation yet comparing the variation with the degree of Declination wee shall commonly finde a difference for as much as places agreeing in variation may notwithstanding varie in the Declination Thirdly if two places should be equalized in both as wee cannot deny it to bee possible yet the comparing of these two Magneticall motions with other affections as well in respect of the Earth it selfe as of the Heauens will giue at least a probable distinction of which cases it is not hard out of the obseruations of our new writers and Nauigatours to giue particular instances Concerning the first we finde the variation of the compasse at Cape Verde to bee iust 7 Degrees about the Ilands neere to Cape Verde to amount only to 4 Degrees whence a Sea-man if other helpes failed may hereafter as he passeth distinguish the one from the other and if occasion serue correct this errour In the like sort might a man otherwise altogether ignorant of the place out of former obseruations in the same Iland of Cuba distinguish betwixt Cape Corientes and Cape S. Anthony In that the one hath only 3 degrees of variatiō wheras the other hath 13 for an instance of the second case we will take the coasts of Brasill 100 leagues distant from the shoare Cape Corientes beyond Cape bonae spei which agree in the same variation to wit amounting to 7 Degrees 30 minutes which notwithstanding are distinguisht by their seuerall declination for howsoeuer the magneticall motion of variation being of late inuented hath not so particularly beene traced out in all or most places yet must the declination of each place needs be different for as much as the former hath 23 degrees of South Latitude the other none at all lying iust vnder the Equinoctiall since the Latitude as wee haue formerly taught is in some measure proportionall to the Declination For the third if any two places bee found agreeing both in Variation and Declination as may bee probably guessed of Cape Rosse in S. Iohns Iland and the west end of S. Iohn de Porto Rico the Latitude being all one as of 17 degrees 44 minutes and the variation admitting perhaps insensible difference to wit of a little more then one degree yet might this helpe conioyned with former
grounded on sufficient deliberation yet if we compare the two extreames wee shall find the Spanish delayes to haue ouercome the French hastinesse being farre lesse subiect to errour then the other Another difference betwixt the Northerne and Southerne man is discouered in the Affection of Anger and Reuenge The Northerne man though quickly moued to anger and very furious prouokes his enemy to the open field and after a little time is quickly pacified forgetting the iniury The Southerne man contrarywise is not so quickly inâ—aged but being once prouoked pursueth his reuenge by secret stratagemes rather then open fury and will neuer or very hardly be drawne to reconciliation which base and brutish disposition ariseth not so much out of their euill education as some haue imagined as out of melancholy ill tempered A proofe whereof wee haue in most men amongst vs of a melancholy disposition which according to our common prouerbe threaten danger and hatred implacable of this disposition were Aiax and M. Coriolanus whereof the former for want of reuenge in a distracted fury fell on the heards of cattle the other would by no meanes be reconciled to his Countreymen till he saw all their Cities in flames Of the cruelty of the Africans many histories haue giuen testimonies especially Leo Afer speaking of the Carthaginian dissention and with later Writers most memorable is the story of miserable Mulleasses deposed of his Crowne his eyes burnt out and his face disfigured tendring his complaint to the Emperour Charles This cruelty hath no lesse been obserued in the most Southerne Ameriâ—ans with whom it is â— custome to â—athe their children in the bloud of their slaughtered enemies o drinke their bloud and banquet with their carcases And if we examine the originall of tortures and seuere lawes we shall find them originally deriued from the Southerne people which the Northerne Man hath seldome vsed but vnwillingly in matters of horrible treason And not without good reason haue our Lawes taken other courses for the conuiction of malefactors in cases of fellony and murther then the extortion of confession by extreame tortures a thing common with the Italian because as some of our Statists haue obserued our Nation is by nature more apt to confession without torture and so fearefull of torment that they will more willingly be brought to the blocke or gallowes then the racke whereas the Southerne people by their melancholy temper more fearefull of death and obstinate in their opinion will yeeld rather to the greatest torture then confession Thirdly we shall find as great a disparity betwixt the Northerne and Southerne man in the sluttish carelesnesse of the one and the cleanly neatnesse of the other Tacitus reports of the old Germans that they liued at home in their houses in sordide manner almost naked and that they vsed the same roomes as receptacles as well of their beasts as of themselues which custome we shall not find much changed amongst some if we read Lipsius speaking of the Westphalians or haue so much patience elsewhere to make experiment It is also reported that the Scythians whensoeuer they found themselues oppressed on the way or in the wars by hunger or thirst were wont to open a veine vnder their horses eares and to sucke out their bloud and to banquet with the flesh as we read of Tamerlanes Army on the like occasion but the Southerne people are of a neat and cleanly disposition abhorring all sordide and vncleanly action vsing often bathings washings not only in sacred and Ecclesiasticall matters but also in priuate And therefore no wonder if as Xenophon among the Ancients reports that amongst the Persians it were accompted a very vnmannerly thing to spit or that amongst the Abyssines as Aluarez writes it should bee deemed a most hainous and flagitious crime to drop any filth or spittle in any of their temples An argument of this may be their extraordinary affection of neat dainty delicates which as Athenâ—us relates is most noted in the Asiatickes and Aegyptians by which meanes M. Anthony a luxurious spend-thrift finding himselfe by Cleopatra surmounted he smiled at his owne ambition in that kinde and laughed at the Romans his owne Nation as ignorant and barbarous Of the Persian Theophrastus writes that by a certaine Law certaine great rewards were promised to such men as had inuented any new kindes of Delicates or pleasures which is a great argument of the licorous affection of this Nation A fourth difference may be discouered in the conuersation of the Northerne and Southerne Man For the Scythian and Northerne man is naturally addicted to company and society as may appeare by the communion of many men in one place in the fields who amongst the ancients were â—earmed Nomades and are now called Hordes in which manner the Tartars liue at this day also it is well knowne how much the Germans Brittaines Danes are addicted to company in so much as they can hardly liue long without companions But the Southerne man being as we haue proued of a melancholy disposition chuseth rather to liue solitary and to lurke in woods and desarts then amongst people Neere to which nature come the Italians and Spaniards who affect rather a retired Grauity then an open Society and conuerse but at a distance rather for formality the friendship 5ly no lesse disparity in the disposition of these nations shall we find aswel in the Languages they ordinarily vse as the kinds of musicke which they affects for the former we may generally obserue in the Northerne Languages a rough collision of consonants and aspirations as in the German and Bohemian Tongues Neither is this obserued only in their natiue Tongues but also in their vse of the Latin Tongue in pronunciation of which they cannot but mixe rough aspirations as I haue obserued oftentimes in the Northerne Germans who commonly pronounce firum for virum fulgus for vulgus Pipi for bibi with diuerse other of the like nature as vnable they are on the other side to giue any soft aspiration his due sound but commonly leaue it out altogether or pronounce either the vocales media for vocales tenues and aspiratae for mediae which proceedes altogether from the immoderate strength of heaâ— and force of the spirits But the Southerne people contrariwise wanting that degree of heat in their pronunciation abstaine from these hard aspirations and collision of many consonant together without vâ—wels to mollify the harshnes as we find in the Greeke Latin Spanish and Iâ—alian tongues which lyâ— neerer to the South Also the Turkish Arabian and Persian tongues are by such as are experienced in them sayd to bee sweet and elegant Also it is to bee noted that as often as the Colonies of the North haue inuaded the South although retaining the same foote steps and originall haue notwithstanding much altered their pronunciation not onely through the mixture and impression of other languages but also through the nature of the place as wee find
time or incertainty of tradition neglected and obliterated they fell backe into such wayes as their owne depraued nature dictated or the diuell malitiously suggested 2 By Discipline nations become moâ—e wise and politicke in the preseruations of states yet lesse stout and couragious As Discipline hath been the chiefe cause of the establishment of all states so hath it on the other side been occasion to soften and weaken the courage of many nations For it hath beene many times seene that such people who haue beene commended for wit haue yeelded to such who are of a ruder disposition as at this day the Greeks and Macedons to the Turkes the ancient Gaules to the French the Egyptians to the Persians the Chaldeans to the Saracens Hence some giue a reason why the French did inuade and runne ouer Italy without controle vnder Charles the 5 because the Italian Princes at that time were giuen to study and learning and it is obserued that the ancient courage of the Turke is much abated since the time that they grew more ciuill and more strictly imbraced discipline And this some thinke to haue giuen occasion to Alexander the great to conquer the Persian Monarchie the Persians hauing beene before reduced to ciuility and lost their hardnesse And we daily see by experience that no men are more desperate and aduenturous then those which are rude and barbarous wanting all good manners and education None more fearefull and many times more cowardlike then such as are most wise and politick an example of the former we haue in Aiax of the other in Vlisses wherevpon the wisest lâ—aders and commanders haue not been esteemed the most valiant A certaine English gentleman writing military obseruations affirmes the French nobility to bee more valorous and coragious then the English Because of the loosenesse of their discipline and the strictnesse of ours But I will neither grant him the one or the other neither can I auerre their courage to be greater or our discipline stricter If their valour bee more it must needs follow their wit is lesse out of this ground But how soeuer it be I am sure that Caesar and Tacitus giue the cause of the great stature and courage of the Germans to be their loosenesse and liberty which howbeit it bee not the sole cause it must needs bee a great helpe For wee plainely finde by experience that those countries which be most mountanous where is lesse discipline are found to produce men for the most part most warlicke Such as the Suitzers in Germany and Biscaynâ—s and Arragonians in Spainâ— Whence as some obserue such countries as are partly Mountanous partly plaine are seldome at quiet the one part willingly submitting themselues to gouernment the other affecting warre and rebellion Which hath been the cause of the troubles of Naples and in England before Henry the eight's time betwixt the Welsh and English Why discipline should in this sort mollifie and weaken the courage of men many causes may bee giuen The first and greatest is Religion then the which there is no greater curbe to the courage not meerely of it selfe but by accident Because Death being the greatest hazard of a souldier religion giues a more euident apprehension and sense of the immortality of the soule of man and sets before the eye of his vnderstanding as it were the images of Hell-paines and Caelestiall ioyes weighing in an aequall scale the danger of the one and the losse of the other Whereas ignorant people wanting all sense of religion lightly esteeme of either holding a temporall death the greatest danger Whence grew the vsuall Prouerbe amongst profane Ruffians that conscience makes cowards But this as I said is meerely accidentall For as much as nothing spurres on a true resolution more then a good conscience and a true touch of religion witnesse the holy Martyrs of the Church of all ages whose valour and constancy hath outgone all heathen presidents But because souldiers for the most part being a most dissolute kinde of people hauing either a false religion which can suggest no setled resolution or an ill conscience grounded vpon no assurance Religion must needs beget in them a more fearefull disposition Another cause may bee the seuerity of discipline which especially in the training vp of youth is mixed with a kind of slauery without which our yonger yeers are very vntractable to tast the bitter roots of knowledge This feare as it were stamped in our affections cannot but leaue behind it a continuall impression which cannot suddainly bee razed out Such as we find in vs of our masters and teachers whose friendship we rather imbrace then familiarity A third reason why discipline would weaken and mollifie a Nation may be the delight which men reape in Contemplatiue studies and morall or politicke duties whence followes a neglect of the other For people of knowledge must needs finde a greater felicity in giftes of the minde which is vsually seconded with a contempt of externall and military affaires The last cause may bee the want of vse and practise of military affaires in most common-wealths for many states well established continue a long time without warres neither molesting their neighbours nor dissenting amongst themselues except very seldome and that by a small army without troubling the whole state whence the generall practise being lesse knowne becomes more fearefull Notwithstanding all this it were brutish to imagine discipline any way vnnecessary or hurtfull either to a Captaine or Statesman For as much as it more strengthens the wit then abates the courage of a nation Neither is it properly said to breake and weaken but rather to temper and regulate our spirits For it is not valour but rather rashnesse or fiercenesse which is not managed with policy and discretion And although it hath sometimes beene attended with notable exploites as that of Alexander the great of the Gothes the ancient Gaules and many other Yet shall we obserue such conquests to bee of small continuance For what they atcheiued by strength they lost for want of policy So that it is well said by one that moderation is the mother of continuance to States and Kingdomes Thus haue we run ouer by Gods assistance the chiefe causes of diuersity of dispositions of Nations Wherein if any man will informe himselfe as hee should hee must compare one circumstance with another and make his iudgement not from a man but a nation and not censure any Nation out of one obseruation For practise in Art cannot alwayes come home to speculation So experience in this kinde will oftentimes crosse the most generall rules wee can imagine T is enough to iudge as wee finde and walke where the way is open If any man will desire more curiosity hee may spend more labour to lesse purpose Let euery man by beholding the nationall vices of other men praise Almighty God for his owne happinesse and by seeing their vertues learne to correct his owne vices So should our trauaile in this Terrestriall Globe bee our direct way to Heauen And that eternall guide should conduct vs which can neuer erre To whom be ascribed all Glory Prayse and Power for euermore Deo triuni Laus in aeternum FINIS Ptolom geogr l. 1. sec. 1. Seneca in Medeâ Act. 2. De gen cor 〈◊〉 de caelo cap. 4. L. de Sphaer Lib. 1 geog cap. 4. Lib. 2. c. 72. Lib. 1. De Mundi fabr part 3. cap. 2. Psal. 104. Fundauit Terram super bases suas ne dimoueatur in saeculum vers 5. Ptol. dict 1. cap. 5. Alph. 6. diff 6. Prop. 11. lib. 1. * Pag. 149. R. Ld. D. 1 Meteor Lib. 4. Sr Walter Rawleigh