and twentie Talagrepos assistants austere Religious men as Capuchines amongst vs which reuiew the cases of the poore which prohibited the Chaem to proceed and granted an appeale to the Aitau of Aitaus in Pequim to moderate the Sentence which the two Procurers brought vs. Wee and thirtie others were embarked chained with long chaines the two Procurers procuring vs some clothing and Rice and commending vs to Chifu the Officer or Captaine appointed to carrie vs with a Certificate in our behalfe to procure vs almes The Riuers being then high swollen hindred our iourney Three dayes wee stayed at a Village called Mincaâ—utem where Chifu dwelt and embarked his wife and children wee were tyed to the seats where wee rowed and could not haue perfect sight of the Cities yet thus much wee obserued Nanquim is in 39. degrees and a third washed by the Riuer Batampina which signifieth The flower of fish which Riuer as I was then told and after saw comes from Tartaria out of the Lake Fanostir nine leagues from the Citie Lançame where Tamerlane King of the Tartars resided This Lake is eight and twentie leagues long and twelue broad very deepe and yeelds fiue Riuers first this of Batampina running thorow the midst of China three hundred and sixtie leagues and entring the Bay of Nanquin in 36. degrees The second Lechune which goeth alongst the Hills of Pancruum diuiding the Land of Cauchim and Catebenan which within the Countrey confines with the Kingdome of Champaa in 16. degrees The third is Tauquiday that is The mother of waters passing West North-west by the Kingdome of Nacataas a Land whence China was peopled and falls into the Sea in the Kingdome of Sornau or Siam by the Barre of Cuy an hundred and thirtie leagues beneath Patane The fourth Riuer is Batobasoy which passing by the Prouince of Sansim which was drowned An. 1556. goeth into the Sea by the Barre of Cosmim in the Kingdome of Pegù Leysacotay is the fifth runneth Eastward to the Archipelagus as the Chinois say of Xinxinpou which confineth the Moscouites entring into a Sea innauigable as being in 70. degrees of latitude The Chinois affirme that in Nanquin are eight hundred thousand housholds foure and twentie thousand houses of Mandarines sixtie two great market places one hundred and thirtie shambles each hauing eightie blockes eight thousand streets of which the sixe hundred principall haue grates of Latten on both sides all alongst two thousand three hundred Pagodes or Temples one thousand of which are Monasteries of Religious persons richly built with Towres of sixtie or seuentie Bells of Metall and Iron which make a noise horrible to heare thirtie Prisons great and strong each hauing two or three thousand Prisoners and an Hospitall The houses of the Mandarines are of earth encompassed with Walls and Ditches with faire Bridges and rich Arches The principall Magistrates haue high Towers with gilded pinacles where are their Armories and Treasures The Street-arches with their night shut Gates their new and full Moone feasts incredible fishings their ten thousand Silke-loomes one hundred and thirtie Gates in the strong wall with as many Bridges ouer the ditch a Porter and two Halbardiers in each to see what goeth in or out twelue Fortresses with Bulwarkes and Towers but without Artillerie the value to the King three thousand Cruzados a day or two thousand Taeis I can but touch The rarities of China compared with the things seene at home seeme doubtfull or incredible In the first two dayes wee saw in our iourney by the Riuer no notable Citie or Towne but of Villages a great quantitie which seemed to be of Fisher-men and Labourers and within Land as farre as we saw appeared woods of Pines and other trees Orange groues fields of Wheat Rice Millet Panike Barley Rie Pulse Flaxe Cotton and Gardens with houses for the Grandes Cattell appeared alongst the Riuer as much as in Preâ—e Iohns Countrey On the tops of Hills were seene Temples with gilded Steeples shining farre off On the fourth day we came to a good Citie called Pocasser twice as big as Cantan well walled with Townes and Bulwarkes in manner like ours with a Hauen before the wall of two Falcon shots long fastned with Iron grates in two rewes with Gates for the entrance and vnlading of ships which come thither from all parts In the end of the Towne on a Mount stood a Castle with three Bulwarkes and fiue Towers in one of which the Chinois told vs that the Father of this King held Prisoner nine yeeres a King of Tartaria poisoned at last by his owne vassals vnwilling to giue so much to redeeme him as was demanded In this Citie Chifu gaue leaue to three of vs nine to goe with foure Halbardiers to guard vs and begge Almes which in sixe or seuen streets gat the worth of twentie Cruzados in clothes and money besides Flesh Rice Fruits and Meale halfe of which our Guard had according to the custome They carried vs to a Temple where was great concurse of people that day being solemne to that Sect of Tauhinarel one of their 32. Gentile Sects That House they said had beene the Kings and that this Kings Grand-father was borne there his Mother dying in child-birth in honour of whose death and buriall in the same chamber he had dedicated this Temple in that Palace All the Building with the Offices Gardens and all the appurtenances are founded in the aire on three hundred and sixtie Pillars each of one stone seuen and twentie spannes high bearing the names of the three hundred and sixtie dayes of the yeere and in each of them is a feast with much almes bloody Sacrifices and dances to the Idoll of that day and Pillar which stands therein richly enshrined with a Siluer Lampe before him Beneath goe eight streets or wayes enclosed on both sides with Latten grates with doores for the people which come to those feasts Ouer the house where the Queene was buried was a round Chappell all lined with Siluer seeming richer in the worke then matter In the midst was a siluer Throne of fifteene steps round to the top encompassed with sixe rewes of siluer grates with the tops gilded On the highest of them was a great Globe and thereon a Lion of siluer bearing vp a chist of Gold three spans square in which they said were her bones by the blind people worshipped as great Relikes There hung on foure siluer tyres which crossed the House fortie three siluer Lampes so many yeares she liued and seuen of Gold in memory of her seuen Sonnes Without at the entry were two hundred fiftie three siluer Lampes great and rich which the Chaens and great mens Wiues presented in her honour Without the doores were in sixe rewes round about Statues of Giants fifteene spans high well proportioned of Brasse with Halberds and Maces in their hands which the Chinois said were twelue hundred Amongst them were foure and twentie Serpents of Brasse
they blessed the annointed King and sprinkled him foure times with a certaine holy water that was made at the time of consecration of the God made of dowe or paste with a sprinkle made of bowes of Cane leaues Cedar and Willow leaues Then they put vpon his head cloth painted with the bones and souls of dead men and next they cloathed him with a blacke garment vpon that another blew and both were painted with the figures of dead mens sculs and bones Then they put about his necke certaine laces whereat did hang the armes of the Crowne And behinde his back they did hang certain little bottels full of powders by vertue wherof he was deliuered from pestilence and diseases according to their opinion yea and thereby Witches nor Witchcrafts could not hurt him nor yet euill men deceiue him In fine with those relicks he was sure from all perill and danger Vpon his left arme they bound a little bagge of Incense and then brought vnto him a chaffing-dish of imbers made of the barke of an Oke tree Then the King arose and with his owne hand threw of the same Incense into the chaffing-dish and with great reuerence brought the same to the god Vitzilopuchtli and after he had smoaked him therewith he sat him downe then came the high Priest and tooke his oath to maintaine the religion of the gods to keepe also all the lawes and customes of his predecessours to maintaine iustice and not to aggrauate any of his vassals or subiects and that he should be valiant in the warres that he should cause the Sunne to giue his light the clouds to yeelde raine the riuers to runne and the earth to bring forth all kinde of graine fruites and other needefull hearbs and trees These and many other impossible things the new King did sweare to performe and then he gaue thankes to the high Priest and commended himselfe to the gods and to the lookers on and they who brought him vp in the same order carrieth him downe againe Then all the people cried the Gods preserue the new King and that he may raigne many yeares in health with all his people But then some began to dance other to play on their instruments shewing outwardly their inward ioyes of heart And before the King came to the foote of the steps all the Noblemen came to yeelde their obedience and in token of louing and faithfull subiects they presented vnto him Feathers strings of Snaile-shels Collers and other Iewels of Gold and Siluer also Mantels painted with death and bare him company vnto a great hall within the compasse of the Temple and there left him The King sitteth downe vnder his cloath of estate called Tlacatecco and in foure dayes departeth not out of the circuit of the Temple the which hee spends in prayers sacrifice and penance he eates then but once a day and euery day he bathes himselfe and againe in the night in a great pond of water and then lets himselfe bloud in his eares and senseth therewith the god of water called Tlaloc he likewise senseth the other Idols vnto whom he offereth Bread Flowers Papers and little Canes died in the bloud of his owne tongue nose hands and other parts of his body After the foure dayes expired then come all the Noblemen to beare him company to his Pallace with great triumph and pleasure of all the Citie but after his consecration few or none dare looke him in the face And now with the declaration of the Acts and Ceremonies that the Mexican Kings are crowned I shall not neede to rehearse of other Kings for generally they all doe vse the same order sauing that other Princes goe not vp to the top of the Temple but abide at the foote of the steps to be crowned and after their Coronation they come to Mexico for their confirmation and then at their returne to their Countrey they made many drunken feasts and banquets The Mexicans did beleeue that the Soule was immortall and that they receiued either ioy or paine according to their deserts and liuing in this world vnto which opinion all their religion did attaine and chiefly appeare at their burials They held for an assured faith that there were nine places appointed for soules and the chiefest place of glory to be neere vnto the Sunne where the soules of those which were good men slaine in the warres and those which were sacrificed were placed and that all other sorts of euill persons their soules abode on the earth and were deuided after this sort children that were dead borne went to one place those which died of age or other disease went to another those which died of sudden death to another those which died of wounds or contagious diseases went to another place those which were drowned went to another those which were put to death for offence by order of Iustice as for robbery and adultery to another Those which slew their Fathers Mothers Wiues or Children to another place by themselues also those who slew their Masters or any religious person went to another place The common sort of people were buried but Lords and rich men had their bodies burned and their ashes buried In their shrowdes they had a great difference for many dead bodies were buried better apparelled then when they were on liue Women were shrowded after another sort And hee that suffered death for adultery was shrowded like vnto the God of lecherie called Tlazoulteutl he that was drowned like vnto the god of water named Tlacoc and he that died with drunkennesse was shrowded like vnto the god of wine called Ometochtli But the Souldier had an honorable shrowde like vnto the attire of Vitzilopuchtli and the like order in all other sorts of deaths When any King of Mexico happened to fall sicke they vsed forthwith to put a visor vpon the face of Tezcatlipaca or Vitzilopuchtli or some other Idoll which Visor was not taken away vntill they saw whether the King did amend or else dye But if he chanced to dye then word was sent throughout all his Dominions to bewaile his death and also other postes were sent is call the Noblemen that were his nighest kinsmen and to warne them within foure daies to come vnto his buriall The dead body was laid vpon a faire Mat and was watched foure nights with great lamentation and mourning then the body was washed and a locke of haire cut from the crowne of his head which was preserued as a great relicke saying that therein remained the remembrance of his soule This done a fine Emerald was put in his mouth and his body shrowded in seuenteene rich Mantels of colours both rich and costly wrought Vpon the vpper Mantle was set the deuise or armes of Vitzilopuchtli or Tezcalipuca or some other Idoll in whom the King had great confidence in his life time and in his Temple should the body be buried Vpon his face they put a visor painted with foule and Deuillish
bones and Iewels was gathered and laid vpon a rich Mantle the which was carried to the Temple gate where the Priests attended to blesse those deuellish relickes whereof they made a dough or paste and thereof an Image which was apparelled like a man with a visor on his face and all other sorts of Iewels that the deaâ— King was wont to weare so that it seemed a gallant I doll At the foote of the Temple staires they opened a graue ready made which was square large and two fadom deepe it was also hanged with new Mats round about and a farre bed therein in the which a religious man placed the Idol made of aâ—hes with his eyes toward the East part and hung round about the wals Targets of Gold and Siluer with Bowe and Arrowes and many gallant tuffes of Feathers with earthen vessels as Pots Dishes and Platters so that the graue was filled vp with houshold stuffe Chests couered with Leather Apparell Iewels Meate Drinke and Armor This done the graue was shut vp and made sure with beâ—mes boords and flored with earth on the top All those Gentlemen which had serued or touched any thing in the buriall washed themselues and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the Kings house without any table and hauing dined they wiped their hands vpon certaine locks of Cotten woll hanging downe their heads and not speaking any word except it were to aske for drinke This Ceremonie endured fiue dayes and in all that time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the Citie except in the Kings house and Temples nor yet any Corne was ground or Market kept nor none durst goe out of their houses shewing all the sorrow that might be possible for the death of their King In Mexico were twelue Iudges who were all Noblemen graue and well learned in the Mexican Lawes These men liued onely by the rents that properly appertaine to the maintenance of Iustice and in any cause iudged by them it was lawfull for the parties to appeale vnto other twelue Iudges who were of the Princes bloud and alwayes abode in the Court and were maintained at the Kings owne cost and charges The inferiour Iudges came ordinarily once euery moneth to consult with the higher And in euery fourescore dayes came the Iudges of euery Prouince within the Mexican Empire to consult with the Iudges of Mexico but all doubtfull causes were reserued to the King onely to passe by his order and determination The Painters serued for notaries to paint all the cases which were to be resolued but no suite passed aboue fourescore dayes without finall end and determination There were in that Citie twelue Sergeants whose office was to arrest and to call parties before the Iudges Their garments were painted Mantels whereby they were knowne a farre off The Prisons were vnder ground moist and darke the cause whereof was to put the people in feare to offend If any witnesse were called to take an oath the order was that he should touch the ground with one of his fingers and then to touch his tongue with the same which signified that he had sworne and promised to speake the troth with his tongue taking witnesse thereof of the earth which did maintaine him But some doe interprete the oath that if the paâ—tie sware not true that then he might come to such extremitie as to eate earth Sometime they name and call vpon the God of the crime whose cause the matter touched The Iudge that taketh bribes or gifts is forthwith put out of his office which was accounted a most vile aâ—d 〈◊〉 reproach The Indians did affirme that Necauâ—lpincintâ— did hang a Iudge in Tezâ—â—â—o for 〈…〉 sentence be himselfe knowing the contrary The Murtherer is executed without exception The woman with childe that wilfully casteth her creature suffereth death for the same The Theefe for the first offence was made a slaue and hanged for the second The Traitor to the King and Common-weale was put to death with extreame torments The Woman taken in Mans apparell died for the same and likewise the Man taken in Womans attire Euery one that challengeth another to fight except in the warres was condemned to dye In Tezcuco the sinne of Sodomie was punished with death and that Law was instituted by Necaualpincinth and Necaualcoio who were Iudges which abhorred that filthy sinne and therefore they deserued great praise for in other Prouinces that abhominable sinne was not punished although they haue in those places common Stewes as in Panuco The end of the fift Booke AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPALL THINGS CONTAINED IN THE FIVE BOOKES of the third Part of PVRCHAS his Pilgrims The first Number notes the Page the second Number directs you to the number noted in the back-margent of the Pages Right against which or betwixt that and the next number the note is to bee found Obserue that whereas many words may bee well written with I. or with Y. the Reader is to looke to both Obserue also that Name of Saints or Knights are not set vnder S. but in the Alphabet of their proper Names A ABaccu is the Caspian Sea 69.60 The largenesse of it 70.1 Abaseia or Habassia is India media 106.50 in Marg. Rich in Gold ibid. Abedalcuria 252.60 Abortion caused by an Herbe 991.40 Acapulco the Prouince and Port in the West Indies the Latitude 871.60 Acias or Akas so the Tartars call the Alanian Christians 10.10 Enemies to the Tartars 12.40 Achbaluch Mangi which in Tartars Language is the White Citie of the Mangi 90.1 Acornes as big as Apples 520 50 Accents the Chinois haue fiue seuerall 384.20 Accounts cast by graines of Corne 1053.50 Accord betweene Poles and Russes about chusing their Emperour 788.789 Acquaintance the Ceremony of beginning it 374 Acacron the Armenian Prophet 49.50 Acon the Citie Arabicke and Syriack vnderstood there 13.50 Adams Sepulcher in Zeilan 106.1 More of that Fable ibid. Adams-Apples grow in Persia 71.10 Adders of India their seuerall sorts and natures 976.1 Adem the Soldan of it discomfited 106.50 Admirals Iland 474.40 Sea horses there 512 Adoration the manner of it in Mexico 1027.30 1028.1 1046.60 Adoption practised in Russia 740.40 Adulterie punished with Death in Peru 1058.40 Adultresses Dowries giuen to poore Girles 276.10 Adulterie Witaldrie the punishment 182.40 Adulterers how punished in China 204.10 Aedgar the King his mightie Nauie 619.40 Emperour of the Ocean ibid. Aegeland and Halgeland discouered 212.1 Aequinoctiall vnder it moyst and raynie and why 918.40 Not so hoâ— as the Antients held it very cold in March causes of the temperature though the Sunne bee very hote the dayes and nights equall 920. No Calmes vnder the Lane 923.60.926 The Ayre vnder or neere it swifter then the Ayre about the Poles and why 925.30 Easterne and Westerne windes continuall vnder the Lino 925.40 See Torride Zone Aequinoctiall whither healthfull liuing vnder it 889.10 Aethiopian Patriarch 327.30
wonderfull to see assuredly wee were amazed to behold the manner of their prouision Their Fish is chiefly nourished with the dung of Bufles and Oxen that greatly fatteth it Although I sayd their fishing to bee in March and Aprill at what time wee saw them doe it neuerthelesse they told vs that they fished at all times for that vsually they doe feed on Fish wherefore it behooueth them to make their prouision continually When wee had passed Fuquien we went into Quicen-shire where the fine Clay vessell is made as I sayd before and we came to a Citie the one side whereof is built vpon the foote of a hill whereby passeth a Riuer nauigable there we tooke Boate and went by water toward the Sea on each side of the Riuer we found many Cities Townes and Villages wherein we saw great store of Merchandise but specially of fine clay there did we land by the way to buy victuals and other necessaries Going downe this riuer Southward wee were glad that we drew neere vnto a warmer Countrey from whence we had beene farre distant this Countrey wee passed through in eight dayes for our iourney lay downe the streame Before that I doe say any thing of that Shire wee came into I will first speake of the great Citie of Quicin wherein alwayes remayneth a Tutan that is a Gouernour as you haue seene though some Tutans doe gouerne two or three Shires That Tutan that was condemned for our cause of whom I spake before was borne in this Countrey but hee gouerned Fuquien-Shire nothing it auayled him to bee so great an Officer This Countrey is so great that in many places where wee went there had beene as yet no talke of his death although he were executed a whole yeere before At the Citie Quanche whither wee came the riuer was so great that it seemed a sea though it were so little where we tooke water that wee needed small Boates. One day about nine of the clocke beginning to row neare the walls with the streame wee came at noone to a bridge made of many Barges ouer-linked all together with two mightie chaynes There stayed we vntill it was late but wee saw not one goe either vp thereon or downe except two Louthia's that about the going downe of the Sunne came and set them downe there the one in one side the other on the other side Then was the bridge opened in many places and Barges both great and small to the number of sixe hundred began to passe those that went vp the streame at one place such as came downe at an other When all had thus shot the Bridge then was it shut vp againe Wee heard say that euery day they take this order in all principall places of Merchandise for paying of the custome vnto the King specially for Salt whereof the greatest reuenues are made that the King hath in this Countrey The passages of the bridge where it is opened bee so neere the shore that nothing can passe without touching the same To stay the Barges at their pleasure that they goe no farther forward are vsed certaine yron instruments The Bridge consisteth of one hundred and twelue Barges there stayed we vntill the Eeuening that they were opened lothsomly oppressed by the multitude of people that came to see vs so many in number that we were enforced to goe aside from the banke vntill such time as the bridge was opened howbeit wee were neuerthelesse thronged about with many Boates full of people And though in other Cities and places where we went the people came so importunate vpon vs that it was needfull to withdraw our selues yet were wee heere much more molested for the number of people and this bridge the principall way out of the Citie vnto another place so well inhabited that were it walled about it might bee compared to the Citie When we had shot the bridge we kept along the Citie vntill that it was night then met wee with another riuer that ioyned with this we rowed vp that by the walls vntill we came to another bridge gallantly made of Barges but lesser a great deale then that other bridge ouer the greater streame heere stayed we that night and other two dayes with more quiet being out of the prease of the people These riuers doe meete without at one corner-point of the Citie In either of them were so many Barges great and small that wee all thought them at the least to bee aboue three thousand the greater number thereof was in the lesser riuer where we were Amongst the rest heere lay certaine greater vessels called in their language Parai that serue for the Tutan when hee taketh his voyage by other riuers that ioyne with this towards Pachin where the King maketh his abode Desirous to see those Parai we got into some of them where we found some chambers set foorth with gilded Beds very richly other furnished with tables and seates and all other things so neate and in perfection that it was wonderfull Quiacim-Shire as farre as I can perceiue lyeth vpon the South On that side we kept at our first entrie thereinto trauelling not farre from the high mountaines we saw there Asking what people dwelleth beyond those mountaines it was told me that they bee Theeues and men of a strange language And because that vnto sundry places neere this Riuer the mountaines doe approach whence the people issuing downe doe many times great harme this order is taken at the entrie into Quiacim-Shire To guard this Riuer whereon continually goe to and fro Parai great and small fraught with Salt Fish powdered with pepper and other necessaries for that Countrey they doe lay in diuers places certaine Parai and great Barges armed wherein watch and ward is kept day and night in both sides of the Riuer for the safetie of the passage and securitie of such Parai as doe remayne there though the trauellers neuer goe but many in company In euery rode there bee at the least thirtie in some two hundred men as the passage requireth This guard is kept vsually vntill you come to the Citie Onchio where continually the Tutan of this Shire and eke of Cantan maketh his abode From that Citie vpward where the riuer waxeth more narrow and the passage more dangerous there be alwayes armed one hundred and fiftie Parai to accompany other vessels fraught with merchandise and all this at the Kings charges This seemed vnto me one of the strangest things I did see in this Countrey When wee lay at Fuquien we did see certaine Moores who knew so little of their sect that they could say nothing else but that Mahomet was a Moore my father was a Moore and I am a Moore with some other words of their Alcoran wherewithall in abstinence from Swines flesh they liue vntill the Deuill take them all This when I saw and being sure that in many Chinish Cities the reliques of Mahomet are kept as soone as wee came to the
Citie where these fellowes bee I informed my selfe of them and learned the truth These Moores as they told me in times past came in great Ships fraught with merchandise from Pachin ward to a Port granted vnto them by the King as hee is wont to all them that trafficke into this Countrey where they being arriued at a little Towne standing in the hauens mouth in time conuerted vnto their Sect the greatest Loutea there When that Loutea with all his family was become Moorish the rest began likewise to doe the same In this part of China the people bee at libertie euery one to worship and follow what him liketh best Wherefore no bodie tooke heed thereto vntill such time as the Moores perceiuing that many followed them in superstition and that the Loutea fauoured them they began to forbid wholly the eating of Swines-flesh But all this Countrey men and women choosing rather to forsake Father and Mother then to leaue off eating of Porke by no meanes would yeeld to that proclamation For besides the great desire they all haue to eate that kind of meate many of them doe hue thereby and therefore the people complained vnto the Magistrates accusing the Moores of a conspiracie pretended betwixt them and the Loutea against their King In this Countrey as no suspition no not one trayterous word is long borne withall so was the King speedily aduertised thereof who gaue commandement out of hand that the aforesaid Loutea should bee put to death and with him the Moores of most importance the other to be layd first in Prison and afterward to bee sent abroad into certaine Cities where they remayned perpetuall slaues vnto the King To this Citie came by hap men and women threescore and odde who at this day are brought to fiue men and foure women for it is now twentie yeeres agoe this happened Their off-spring passeth the number of two hundred and they in this Citie as the rest in other Cities whither they were sent haue their Moscheas whereunto they all resort euery Friday to keepe their Holiday But as I thinke that will no longer endure then whiles they doe liue that came from thence for their posteritie is so confused that they haue nothing of a Moore in them but abstinence from Swines-flesh and yet many of them doe eate thereof priuily They tell me that their natiue Countrey hath name Camarian a firme land wherein bee many Kings and the Indish Countrey well knowne vnto them It may so be for as soone as they did see our seruants our seruants were Preuzaretes they iudged them to bee Indians many of their words sounded vpon the Persicke tongue but none of vs could vnderstand them I asked them whither they conuerted any of the Chinish Nation vnto their Sect they answered me that with much adoe they conuerted the women with whom they doe marrie yeelding me no other cause thereof but the difficultie they finde in them to bee brought from eating Swines-flesh and drinking of Wine I haue learned morâ—ouer that the Sea whereby these Moores that came to China were wont to trauell is a very great gulfe that falleth into this Countrey out from Tartaria and Persia leauing on the other side all the Countrey of China and land of the Mogorites drawing alwayes toward the South and of all likelyhood it is euen so because that these Moores the which wee haue seene bee rather browne then white whereby they shew themselues to come from some warmer Countrey then China is neere to Pachin where the Riuers are frozen in the winter for cold and many of them so vehemently that Carts may passe oâ—er them Wee did see in this Citie many Tartars Mogorites Bremes and Laoynes both men and women The Tartars are men very white good Horse-men and Archers confining with China on that side where Pachin standeth separated from thence by great Mountaines that are betwixt these Kingdomes Ouer them bee certaine wayes to passe and for both sides Castles continually kâ—pt with Souldiers in time past the Tartars were wont alwayes to haue warres with the Chineans but these fourescore yeeres past they were quiet vntill the second yeere of our Imprisonment The Mogores bee in like manner white and Heathen wee are aduertised that of one side they border vpon these Tartars and confine with the Persicke Tartares on the other side whereof wee saw in them some tokens as their manner of cloathes and that kinde of Hat the Saracens doe weare The Mooresâ—ffirmed â—ffirmed that where the King lyeth there bee many Tartars and Mogorites â—hat brought into China certaine Blewes of great value As for the Bremes wee haue seene â—n this Citie Chenchi certaine men and women amongst whom there was one that came not long since hauing as yet her hayre tyed vp after the Pegues fashion this woman and other moe with whom a blacke Moore damosell in our company had conference and did vnderstand them well enough had dwelt in Peghu This new come woman imagining that wee meant to make our abode in that Citie bid vs to bee of good comfort for that her Countrey was not distant from thence aboue fiue dayes iourney and that out of her Countrey there lay a high way for vs home into our owne Being asked the way shee answered that the first three dayes the way lyeth ouer certaine great mountaines and wildernesse afterward people to bee met withall againe Thence two dayes iourney more to the Bremes Countrey Wherefore I doe conclude that Chenchi is one of the confines of this Kingdome separated by certaine huge Mountaines as it hath beene already sayd that lye out towards the South In the residue of these mountaines standeth the Prouince Sian the Laoyns Countrey Cambaia Chinapa and Cochinchina This Citie chiefe of other sixteene is situated in a pleasant Playne abounding in things necessarie Sea-fish onely excepted for it standeth farre from the Sea of fresh Fish so much store that the Market-places are neuer emptie The walls of this Citie are very strong and high one day did I see the Louteas thereof goe vpon the walls to take the view thereof borne in their seates I spake of before accompanied with a troupe of Horse-men that went two and two It was told me they might haue gone three and three Wee haue seene moreouer that within this aforesaid Citie the King hath more than a thousand of his kindred lodged in great Palaces in diuers parts of the Citie their gates bee red and the entrie into their houses that they may be knowne for that is the Kings colour These Gentlemen according to their nearnesse in bloud vnto the King as soone as they bee married receiue their place in Honour this place neither encreaseth nor diminisheth in any respect as long as the King liueth the King appointeth them their Wiues and Familie allowing them by the moneth all things necessarie abundantly as hee doth to his Gouernours of Shires and Cities howbeit
some things out of our Philosophers For they hold foure Elements and manifold Worlds and transmigration of Soules and other things Somewhat it seemes to acknowledge the Trinitie fabling of three Gods becomming one it acknowledgeth iust rewards to the good in Heauen to the bad in Hell It extols Single life so as it may seeme to reject Marriage They leaue house and friends and trauell into diuers places Begging The Rites of this prophane Sect haue great affinitie with our Romish Ecclesiasticall the Singings of men saying their seruice may seeme nothing to differ from our Gregorian they haue Images also in their Churches their Priests Garments are altogether like ours which with an Ecclesiasticall terme wee call Pluuialia In their Seruice they often recite the name Tolome which themselues confesse to be ignorant of But they denie eternitie in their Heauen and Hell ascribing a new birth after I know not what reuolutions of time in some other of their conceited Worlds then and there to be penitentially purged with other fooleries They prohibite to eate of liuing creatures but few impose on themselues this abstinence and they finde easie absolution from this and other sinnes if they giue to the Priests who professe to deliuer from Hell by their Prayers or Recitations whom they will This Sect came in at first with great applause as clearely professing the Soules immortalitie but nothing more disgraced it then that that King and these Princes which first embraced it which the Literate often obiect died miserably with violent death and publike losse and misfortune followed By writing of many Bookes they haue entangled it in inextricable Labyrinths The notes of Antiquity appeare in the multitude of their Temples and most of them sumptuous in which huge Monsters of Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are seene with Steeples adioyned of Stone or Bricke and in them huge Bells and other ornaments of great price The Priests of this Sect are called Osciami they shaue their head and beard against the fashion of the Countrey some trauell as is said some leade a very austere life in Mountaines and Caues but the greatest part which amount to two or three millions liue in Monasteries sustayned with their antiently-giuen Reuenues and Almes and also by their owne industry These Priests are accounted and iustly the most vile and vicious in the whole Kingdome sprung of the basest plebeians sold in their childhood to the elder Osciami and of Slaues made Disciples succeed their Masters in Office and Benefice a course which they haue found for their propagation For few are found which voluntarily by desire of sanctitie doe adioyne themselues to those Monkes Ignorance also and illiberall education makes them liker their Masters few of them learning Letters or ciuill rites and daily growing worse And although they haue no wiues they are much addicted to women and cannot but by grieuous penalties be kept from them The Colledges of the Osciami are diuided into diuers Stations in euery of which is one perpetuall Administrator to whom his seruants or as many as he brings vp succeed They acknowledge no Superior in those Cells but euery one in his owne Station builds as many Lodgings as he can most of all places in the Court which after they let to strangers so that they are rather Innes then Monasteries as full of tumults as empty of deuotion Although they bee of base esteeme yet are they employed to Funerals and other Rites by which wilde beasts and fowles and fishes are set at liberty by the professors of this Sect with opinion of great merit In this our age this Sect hath much reuiued and many Temples are built and repaired by Eunuches Women and the rude vulgar and especially by the Ciaicum or Fasters which all their liues abstayne from Flesh Fish Egges and Milke and worship a multitude of Idols with set prayers at home and are by hire to be called to any other mans Nunnes also obserue the same Monasticall rules being single and shaued they call them Nunnes nothing so many as the Monkes The third Sect is called Lauzu deriued from a Philosopher which liued at the same time with Confutius whom they fable to haue beene carried 80. yeeres in his parents wombe before he was borne and therefore called Lauzu that is the Old Philosopher He left no Bookes of his Opinion nor seemes to haue intended any new Sect but certaine Sectaries called Tausa made him the head of their Sect after his death and wrote diuers elegant Bookes gathered out of diuers Sects These also liue single in their Monasteries and buy disciples base and wicked as the former They weare their haire as the Lay-men differing herein that where they weare their haire tyed on a knot these haue a Cap on the crowne of Wood. Some also are married and say ouer their Holies in their owne houses They say that with other Idols they worship also the Lord of Heauen whom yet they imagine Corporeall and to haue suffered many things They tell that the King of Heauen which now raigneth is called Ciam and he which before ruled was named Leu. This Leu came one day to the Earth riding on a white Dragon and Ciam a Wizard entertayned him with a Feast where whiles Leu was eating Ciam gat vp on the white Dragon and was carried to Heauen and excluded Leu from that soueraignty only he obtayned of this new King that he might rule ouer a certaine Mountaine in his Kingdome where they say he still liueth thus confessing as the Greekes of Ioue themselues to worship an Vsurper and Traitor Besides this Deity of Heauen they acknowledge three others one of which they say Lauzu is hauing some dreame also as the former of the Trinitie They also speake of places of rewards and punishments but differing from the former for they promise a Paradise for soule and body together and haue Images of some in their Temples which haue so gone thither To obtayne this they prescribe certaine exercises of sitting in diuers postures set Prayers Medicines by which the life is lengthned if not made immortall Their Priests exorcise Deuils and driue them out of houses by painting horrible shapes of them in yellow Paper on the walls and making horrible cryes as if themselues were become Deuils They arrogate also to bring downe or to stay Raines and other publike and priuate fortunes most impudent impostors either Lyars or Magicians They assist the Kings sacrifices in those Temples of Heauen and Earth thereby acquiring much authority being Masters of the Musike therein and are called to Funerals to which they goe in precious vestments with diuers musicall Instruments making a pompous-procession showe thorow the streets The like pompes they vse at the streets ends on certaine times hired by the dwellers They haue a Prelate called Ciam which dignity he transmitted to his posterity 1000. yeeres since by hereditary successions and seemeth to haue taken
XX. A briefe Memoriall of the great Trauells by Sea and Land of Master GEORGE BARKLEY Merchant of London in Europe Asia Africa and America and their Ilands BEing a childe he was transported into the East Countries and the first place of his landing was Schagen from thence vnto Elsenâ—re a Towne as bigge as Brentwood where the Danish Custome is taken and where he hath seene at one time the Dane making stay of all shipping fourteene dayes for ostentation to a forreigne Nobleman seuen hundred sayle From thence to Coppenhagen thence to Bornholme thence to Danske a Towne subject to the Pole being in continuall buildings if by any meanes they may fortifie themselues against the Hilles ouer-looking the Towne a Rill running betweene whence they haue their fresh water they spare no time Sunday nor other There lyeth here in the Sea by casting vp of sands a long Iland called Frishnering where alongst as on Samaiden is gathered by the Danske Officers there and here by the Iewes that farme it of the Pole Amber cast vp by the Sea in great abundance pieces as bigge as a pecke more or lesse The Bores that find it and gather haue so many firkins of some other meane commoditie and if they keepe and sell it they dye for it Hee hath seene one piece of Amber taken vp in the middest whereof was to be seene through the transparent Amber a Frog in similitude and full proportion Master Vassall his brother a friend of mine told me of a piece of Timber in the keele of a ship where by occasion of a sliuer one cutting nine inches within the Timber euery way he found a great liuing Tode in the hollow thereof at Woolwich betwixt this Frishnering and the Land is a great water Frisbhâ—ff where at Saint Georges day they begin to fish of which there is exceeding plentie and for three halfe pence one may buy a cast as much as they shall draw the next time One here in his Net drew vp a company or heape of Swallowes as bigge as a bushell fastned by the legs and bills in one which being carried to their stoues quickned and slew and comming againe suddenly in the cold Aire dyed From Danske he went to Marienberg a Towne also standing on the Vistle whereby it runneâ—h in another channell and betwixt both these makes an Iland wherein stands Nerdeich which Iland is compassed with a wall to fortifie it against the comming downe of the Vistle in the Spring at the thaw of the snowes c. This wall seemeth in some places as high as Paules Steeple and other-where as high as Paules Church where yet it hath sometime beene ouerflowne full it is of Hoffes and Villages belonging to the Lords of Danske HONDIVS his Map of BORVSSIA or PRVSSIA PRUSSIA Thence he went to Elbing a faire Towne where our Trade is now for Flaxe which was before at Danske thence remoued for their insolencies Here our men only pay Custome others are free and this they did voluntarily and haue in this respect very much authoritie amongst the Lords there the Towne still flourisheth with buildings c. HONDIVS his Map of LIVONIA or LIEFLAND LIVONIA The Momeses are almost Saluadoes retaining still their old superstitions as to worship the Sun or the first Beast they meet with and especially they haue in religious reckoning their Leaue This which they call Se-leaue or the Groues is a company of Trees which it is religious to touch and he knew a Dutchman Martin Yekell of Derpt who breaking a bough was swelled a yeere together as big as his skinne would hold Heere at Marriages and Burialls they pray but without Image Their marriage is thus The man and his Bride are set stridling on a Horse and blinded and so led into Se-leaue there taken downe and married by their Rites then set vp againe blinded as before and conueyed with their company and Musicke to their house singing Kosoku Kosoku Coniku seamoha there taken downe and had to bed still blinded till the next morrow in the meane while they rest drinking c. They mourne when one is borne reioyce and make merry at death Their mourning in Curland is then and when they walke alone or fetch wood Yerow yerou yerou masculine babe the words themselues vnderstand not but thinke it to haue remained since that Babylonish Towre When the Momeses die they are buried in their Leaues with their knife vnder their arme and their coate hanging ouer the graue The Momeses are very ignorant and aske who learne the Hares in the woods their prayers At Rie the women haue a thing of Red veluet on their heads made like a Ship with the keele vpward at each end a lock of hayre The women of the Sacs differ in their fashion of attire each City from other a pleted Petticote with a damaske Vpper body a veluet Square on their heads and thereon a Cloke c. The maid vncouered if she haue had a child and refuse to goe couered she is brought to the Pillory her haire cut off and there nayled and a Kerchiefe put on Here and in Norway and in White Russia c. strangers pay nothing for entertainment but salute sit downe and expect the Hosts expences Their bed they must bring with them which is commonly a Beares skin or else they there haue a locke of straw To offer money is a disgrace which yet might seeme to arise of the basenesse of the coyne Their houses are all of Timber beames laid square and others laid on them in notches so till they come to the roofe which they couer with straw diuided in two roomes the inner being the Parlour or stoue where they haue as it were one Ouen ouer another the middle hearth being of stones set grate-wise the fire is put in on the Back-side or Hal-side there also the Sinke issueth Before that mouth in the Stoue is set a vessell of water which when they wil haue the heat exceeding they besprinkle on those hot stones A fire lasteth a day at night they renew it Sometimes the old Prusees on the borders of Curland according to their old heathenish Rites do sacrifice their Priest in fire HONDIVS his Map of LITHVANIA LITHUANIA HONDIVS his Map of POLONIA POLONIA et SILESIA The Polanders had a great murraine of beasts attributed to the Iewes two Iewes comming to a woman offered her mony for some of her milke she answered her child but then sucked they left their glasse there promising to fetch it anon and to satisfie her her husband meane while comming home and seeing so strange a thing as a glasse asked from whence it came and why being answered two Iewes had left it there for milke for a medicine bid her fleet Cowes milke and fill the glasse which the Iewes receiuing and hauing entertained a Boy caused him to climbe vp one of the Ladders which there stand together with their three square
by the way and being within one dayes march of the place to which wee were likewise going they set fire vpon three or foure Villages hard by the place where we lay at Grasse with our Horses for a token that they were comming And â—his was done vpon Midsummer day last in the morning by breake of day Then came they thundring wich shouts and cries to set vpon vs but no sooner was the Alarum giuen when the greatest part of those nineteene or twenty thousand Russes that were ioyned to vs as our aide fled most basely before any blow was giuen This sudden cowardize of theirs somewhat amazed vs but the houre being now come wherein we were not to talke of dangers but to goe meete them with our sixe companies of English horse we brauely resisted the Polanders and with great hurt to them but with little losse vpon our part charged them three seuerall times At last Pontus le Guard our chiefe Generall tooke his heeles and fled too leauing vs vtterly destitute of all direction which much astonished vs as not well vnderstanding what to doe for our greatest strength being by their slight taken from vs none but wee strangers were left in the field and of vs there was not in all aboue two thousand and of that number there were aboue six hundred French horsemen who seeing both the Generall gone and the Russes fled turned their backs vpon vs and ranne away too most valiantly yet not out of the field but to the enemy Then were wee not aboue twelue or foureteene hundred at the most left to resist eight thousand at the least vpon whom notwithstanding our six companies of English horsemen charged three seuerall times without any great loâ—se but with much honor And at the fourth time for want of powers to second them which the French should haue done all our six companies were scattered and ouerthrowne with the losse of few of our colours The Captaines ouer these sixe Companies of Horse were these Captaine Crale of whose company I was Captaine Kendricke Captaine Benson Captaine Carre Captaine Colbron Captaine Creyton Which six Captaines had not in all their companies aboue fiue hundred men In this battaile Captaine Creyton was slaine in the field Captaine Crale was shot in the knee and within a short time after dyed of that wound not aboue twelue of his companie escaping Captaine Kendrick was wounded in diuers places of the head and dyed Captaine Benson was shot in the hand and wounded in the head and yet escaped and liued onely Captaine Carre and his Cornet escaped but all his companie scattered and lost Diuers other Officers were slaine whose names I cannot remember Thus were all our English horse-men dispersed and ouerthrowne to the number of fiue hundred and vpwards Ouâ— Generall Euerhorne with his companies of Finland or Finscâ— blades were also put to retrait so that there was not left in the field aboue sixe or seuen hundred which were foot-men And of these one halfe was English one halfe Dutch who kept onely a certaine place by a wood side barricadoed about with wagons hauing with them foure field pieces with which they did great spoile to the Enemie But their number being but few neither durst they venture on the Enemie nor durst the Enemie enter vpon them but kept them still as it were besieged in that place onely because they could no wayes escape The inconuenience of which cooping vp in so narrow a roome being looked into and the dangers on euery side well considered it was held fittest for safetie to summon the Enemie to a parley In which parley the Enemie offered that if they would yeeld and fall to their sides they should haue good quarter kept And if any man had desire to goe for his owne Countrie hee should haue libertie to goe with a Pasporâ— from the King of Poland Or if any would serue the King of Poland hee should haue the allowance of very good meanes duly paid him Vpon these compositions they all yeelded and went to the Enemie onely Captaine Yorke and his Officers with some few of their Souldiers went backe into the Countrie and came not to the Enemie as the rest had done who from thence marched vp to the Polish Leaguer being ten miles distant from the place and there they continued But such as desired to trauell to their owne Countries were sent to the King of Polands Leaguer which lay at that time at a place called Smolensko and there accordingly had their Passe to the number of one hundred of which number I my selfe was one What became of the rest I know not but I with fiue more held together in trauell vntill we came to Dantzicke a great Towne in Prussia being distant from Smolensko one hundred leagues To make an end of this Storie of the Foxe and the Beare the pretending Demetrius and contending Suiskey it is reported that Demetrius seeing these perplexities of Suiskey raysed a great Armie of such Russes as voluntarily fell to him the Pole hauing now reiected him except some Voluntaries and againe laid siege to Mosco Zolkiewsky for Sigismund beleagred another part thereof with fortie thousand men whereof one thousand and fiue hundred were English Scottish and French Suiskey seeing no hope to withstand them his Empire renouncing him hee would seeme to renounce the Empire first betaking himselfe to a Monasterie But not the sanctitie of the place nor sacred name of an Emperour might protect or secure him The Muscouites yeelded vp their Citie and his Person to the Pole and the Castle was manned for Sigismund All ioyne against Demetrius who betaketh him to his heeles and by a Tartar as before is said was slaine in his campe Charles King of Sweden dyed Octob. 30. 1611. and Gustanus his sonne succeeded Sigismund obtayneth Smolensko also after two yeeres siege and more in which time the Defendants had held out so resolutely that the Polish Peeres and States which in that Kingdom beare great sway had called the King to their Parliament the rather in regard of the King of Denmarke warring vpon Sweden in which warre diuers thousands of our English voluntaries assisted the Dane but he first desiring to trie his fortune carried the Citie with two hundred pieces of Ordnance and other rich spoile Many were slaine and diuers great persons taken of which was the Archbishop Many were blowne vp as was thought by their owne voluntarie act by fire cast into the store-house in which is said to haue beene if our Author mistake not fifteene thousand vessels of poulder whereupon seemed to returne the very Chaos or in stead thereof a Hell into the World It is accounted one of the strongest Forts in Christendome the walls able to beare two Carts meeting in the breadth It was taken the twelfth of Iuly 1610. Suiskey was carried into Poland and there imprisoned in Waringborough Castle and after the lâ—sse of libertie and his Empire
Residencie with facultie to take the gouernment and by his death the Licenciate Marcus of Aguilar naturall of the Citie of Ezija was subrogated his Deputie and because of his death succeeded within two moneths hee substituted his authorities in the Treasurer Alonso of Estrada borne in Citie Royall and the death of Lewis Pance being knowne in Castile it was prouided that Marcus of Aguilar should gouerne and in defect of him Alonso of Estrada till the first Court came with order that Nunne of Guzman Knight of Guadalajara Gouernour of Panuco a President did come and because it was conuenient to take away those Iudges others were sent in their places and for President in the gouernment vniuersall of New Spaine Don Sebastian Ramirez of Fuenleal Bishop of Saint Dominicke and of the Conception late President of the Court of Saint Dominicke a man of great learning and that after many dignities died in Castile Bishop of Cuenca and then the charge of Captaine generall was giuen anew to the Marques Don Hernando Cortes that he might gouerne the matters of warre with the aduise of Don Sebastian Ramirez The first that had title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall of New Spaine was Don Antonie of Mendoça brother of the Marques of Mondejar Don Lewis of Velasco a Gentleman of the House of the high Constable of Castile Don Gaston of Peralta Marques of Falces Don Martine Enriquez of Almansa brother of the Marques of Alcannizes the Kings Steward Don Laurence Xuarez of Mendoça Earle of Corunya which deceased being prouided for Piru and by his death Don Peter Moya of Contreras Archbishop of Mexico gouerned in the meane while Don Aluaro Manrique of Zunniga Marques of Villamamuque brother of the Duke of Bojar Don Lewis of Velasco sonne to the abouesaid Don Lewis of Velasco which passed to gouerne the Kingdomes of Piru where at this present hee is Don Gaspar of Zunniga and Fonseca Earle of Monterrey which gouerneth at this day In the Kingdomes of Piru DOn Franciscus Piçarro Marques of the Charcas Gouernour chiefe Iustice and Captaine generall The Licenciate Vaca of Castro of the habit of Saint Iames of the supreme Councell of Castile carried Title of Gouernour generall Blasco Nunnez Vela a Gentleman of Auila was the first that carried the Title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall of the Kingdomes of Piru The Licenciate Iames de la Gasca of the Councell of the holy and generall Inquisition carried the Title of President of the new Court that was sent to the Citie of The Kings and of Gouernour generall with facultie to giue the gouernment of Armes to whom hee thought best He died Bishop of Siguença and his Funerall and Trophees are seene in Magdalene Church in Valladolid and in his absence the gouernment remayned to the Court of the Citie of The Kings The second that carried Title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall was Don Antonie of Mendoça that gouerned the Kingdoms of New Spaine Don Andrew Hâ—rtado of Mendoça Marques of Caâ—yete Don Iames of Zunyga and Velasco Earle of Nieua The Licenciate Lope Garcia of Castro of the Royall and supreme Councell of the Indies caried title of President and Gouernor general Don Franciscus of Toledo brother to the Earle of Oropesa Steward to the King Don Martin Enriquez from the charge of New Spaine passed to gouerne the Kingdomes of Piru Don Garcia of Mendoça Marques of Cauyete Don Lewis of Velasco from the charge of New Spaine passed to the Kingdomes of Piru where now he is and at the instant of the impression of this Worke is prouided for Vice-roy and Captaine generall of those Kingdomes Don Iohn Pacheco Duke of Escalona Printed at Madrid by Iuan Flamenco Aâ— 1601. CHAP. II. Obseruations gathered out of the First Second Third and Fourth bookes of IOSEPHVS ACOSTA a learned Iesuite touching the naturall historie of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth at the west Indies Also of their Beasts Fishes Fowles Plants and other remarkable rarities of Nature §. I. Of the fashion and forme of Heauen at the new-found World and of the Ayre and Windes MAny in Europe demand of what forme and fashion Heauen is in the Southerne parts for that there is no certaintie found in ancient Books who although they grant there is a Heauen on this other part of the World yet come they not to any knowledge of the forme thereof although in truth they make mention of a goodly great Starre seene in those parts which they call Canopus Those which of late dayes haue sayled into these parts haue accustomed to write strange things of this Heauen that it is very bright hauing many goodly Starres and in effect things which come farre are commonly described with encrease But it seemes contrarie vnto me holding it for certaine that in our Region of the North there is a greater number and bigger starres finding no starres in these parts which exceede the Fisher or the Chariot in bignesse It is true that the Crosse in these parts is very faire and pleasing to behold we call the Crosse foure notable and apparant starres which make the forme of a crosse set equally and with proportion The ignorant suppose this crosse to be the Southerne Pole for that they see the Nauigators take their heigth thereby as wee are accustomed to doe by the North starre But they are deceiued and the reason why Saylers doe it in this sort is for that in the South parts there is no fixed starre that markes the Pole as the North starre doth to our Pole And therefore they take their heigth by the starre at the foote of the Crosse distant from the true and fixed Pole Antarticke thirtie degrees as the North starre is distant from the Pole Articke three degrees or little more And so it is more difficult to take the heigth in those parts for that the said starre at the foote of the Crosse must be right the which chanceth but in one houre of the night which is in diuers seasons of the yeere in diuers houres and oftentimes it appeareth not in the whole night so as it is very difficult to take the height And therefore the most expert Pilots regard not the Crosse taking the height of the Sunne by the Astrolabe by which they know in what height they are wherein commonly the Portugals are more expert as a Nation that hath more discourse in the Arte of Nauigation then any other There are also other starres in these Southerne parts which in some sort resemble those of the North. That which they call the Milken way is larger and more resplendent in the South parts appearing therein those admirable blacke spots whereof we haue made mention Considering with my selfe oftentimes what should cause the Equinoctiall to bee so moist as I haue said to refute the opinion of the Ancients I finde no other reason but the great force of the Sunne in those parts whereby it drawes vnto it a great abundance of vapours
all such as had the vse of reason not to drinke any water which if they did the anger of God would come vpon them and they should die which they did obserue very carâ—fully and strictly The ceremonies dancing and sacrifice ended they went to vnclothe themselues and the Priests and Superiors of the Temple tooke the Idoll of paste which they spoyled of all the ornaments it had and made many pieces as well of the Idoll it selfe as of the Tronchons which were consecrated and then they gaue them to the Communion beginning with the greater and continuing vnto the rest both Men Women and little Children who receiued it with such teares feare and reuerence as it was an admirable thing saying that they did eate the flesh and bones of God wherewith they were grieued Such as had any sicke folkes demanded thereof for them and carried it with great reuerence and veneration All such as did communicate were bound to giue the tenth of this seede whereof the Idoll was made The solemnitie of the Idoll being ended an old man of great authoritie stept vp into a high place and with a loud voice preached their Law and Ceremonies THe father of lyes would like wise counterfait the Romish Sacrament of Confession and in his Idolatries seeke to be honored with ceremonies very like to the manner of Christians In Peru they held opinion that all diseases and aduersities came for the sinnes which they had committed for remedie whereof they vsed sacrifices moreouer they confessed themselues verbally almost in all Prouinces and had Confessors appointed by their Superiors to that end there were some sinnes reserued for the Superiors They receiued penance yea somtimes very sharply especially when the Offendor was a poore man and had nothing to giue his Confessor This office of Confessor was likewise exercised by Women The manner of these Confessors Sorcerers whom they call Ychuâ—ri or Ychuri hath beene most generall in the Prouinces of Collasuâ—â— They hold opinion that it is a haynous sinne to conceale any thing in confession The Ychuiri or Confessors discouered by lots or by the view of some beast Hides if any thing were concealed and punished them with many blowes with a stone vpon the shoulders vntill they had reuealed all then after they gaue him penance and did sacrifice They doe likewise vse this confession when their children wiues husbands or their Caciques be sicke or in any great exploit And when their Ingua was sicke all the Prouinces confessed themselues chiefly those of the Prouince of Collao The Confessor were bound to hold their Confessions secret but in certaine cases limited The sinnes that they chiefly confessed was first to kill one another out of warre then to steale to take another mans wife to giue poyson or sorcerie to doe any harme and they held it to be a grieuous sinne to be forgetfull in the reuerence of their Guacas or Oratories not to obserue the Feasts or to speake ill of the Ingua and to disobey him They accused not themselues of any secret acts and sinnes But according to the report of some Priests after the Christians came into that Country they accused themselues of their thoughts The Ingua confessed himselfe to no man but onely to the Sunne that hee might tell them to Virachoca and that hee might forgiue them After the Ingua had beene confessed he made a certaine bath to cleanse himselfe in a running Riuer saying these words I haue told my sinnes to the Sunne receiue them O thou Riuer and carry them to the Sea where they may neuer appeare more Others that confessed vsed likewise these baths with certaine ceremonies very like to those the Moores vse at this day which they call Guadoy and the Indians call them Opacuna When it chanced that any mans children dyed hee was held for a great sinner saying that it was for his sinnes that the sonne dyed before the father And therefore those to whom this had chanced after they were confessed were bathed in this bath called Opacuna as is said before Then some deâ—ormed Indian crooke-backt and counterfait by nature came to whip them with certaine Nettles If the Sorcerers or Inchanters by their lots and diuinations affirmed that any sicke body should die the sicke man makes no difficultie to kill his owne sonne though he had no other hoping by that meanes to escape death saying that in his place he offered his sonne in sacrifice And this crueltie hath beene practised in some places euen since the Christians came into that Country In truth it is strange that this custome of confessing their secret sinnes hath continued so long amongst them and to doe so strict penances as to fast to giue apparell gold and siluer to remaine in the Mountaynes and to receiue many stripes vpon the shoulders Our men say that in the Prouince of Chiquito euen at this day they meet with this plague of Confessors oâ— Ychuris where as many sicke persons repaire vnto them but now by the grace of God this people begins to see cleerly the effect and great benefit of our Confession whereunto they come with great deuotion I will report the manner of a strange confession the Deuill hath inuented at Iapon as appeares by a Letter that came from thence which saith thus There are in Ocaca very great and high and steepe Rocks which haue pricks or points on them aboue two hundred fathom high Amongst these Rocks there is one of these pikes or points so terribly high that when the Xamaâ—usis which be Pilgrimes doe but looke vp vnto it they tremble and their baire stares so fearfull and horrible is the place Vpon the top of this point there is a great rod of Iron of three fathom long placed there by a strange deuice at the end of this rod is a ballance â—yed whereof the scarles are so bigge as a man may sit in one of them and the Goquis which be Deuils in humane shape command these Pilgrimes to enter therein one after another not leauing one of them then with an engine or instrument which mooueth by meanes of a wheele they make this rod of Iron whereon the ballance is hanged to hang in the aire one of these Xamaâ—usis being set in one of the scales of the ballance And as that wherein the man is set hath no counterpoise on the other side it presently hangeth downe and the other riseth vntill it meets with and toucheth the rod then the Goquis telleth them from the Rocke that they must confesse themselues of all the sinnes they haue committed to their remembrance and that with a loud voyce to the end that all the rest may heare him Then presently hee beginneth to confesse whilest some of the standers by doe laugh at the sinnes they doe heare and others sigh and at euery sinne they confesse the other scale of the ballance falls a little vntill that hauing told all his sinnes it remaines equall with the other wherein the
with wildernesse for euerie sort To these places the Lords of Mexico vsed to goe and sport themselues such and so many were the houses of Mutezuma wherein few Kings were equall with him He had daily attending vpon him in his priuate Guard sixe hundred Noblemen and Gentlemen and each of them three or foure seruants and some had twentie seruants or moe according to his estate and in this manner he had three thousand men attendant in his Court and some affirme more all the which were fed in his house of the meate that came from his table The seruing men alwaies abode below in the Court all the day and went not from thence till after Supper It is to be thought that his Guard was the greater because the strangers were there although in effect of truth it is most certaine that all the Lords that are vnder the Mexicall Empire as they say are thirtie persons of high estate who are able to make each of them a hundred thousand men There are three thousand Lords of Townes who haue many vassals These Noblemen did abide in Mexico certaine times of the yeare in the Court of Mutezuma and could not depart from thence without especiall licence of the Emperour leauing each of them a sonne or brother behinde them for securitie of rebellion and for this cause they had generally houses in the Citie such and so great was the Court of Mutezuma There is not in all the Dominions of Mutezuma any subiect that paieth not tribute vnto him The Noblemen pay their tribute in personall seruice The Husbandmen called Maceualtin with body and goods In this sort they are either Tenants or else heires to their possessions Those which are heires doe pay one third part of all their fruite and commoditie that they doe reape or bring vp as Dogges Hennes Foule Conies Gold Siluer Stones Salt Waxe Honie Mantels Feathers Cotten and a certaine fruite called Cacao that serueth for money and also to eate Also all kinde of Graine and Garden Hearbes and Fruites whereof they doe maintaine themselues The Tenants doe pay monethly or yearely as they can agree and because their tribute is great they are called slaues for when they may haue licence to eate Egges they thinke it a great fauour It was reported that they were taxed what they should eate and all the residue was taken from them They went verie poorely cloathed yea and the most of their treasure was an earthen Pot wherein they boiled their Hearbes a couple of Milstones to grinde their Corne and a Mat to lye vpon They did not onely paie this Rent and Tribute but also serued with their bodies at all times when the great King should command They were in such great subiection to their Prince that they durst not speake one word although their daughters should be taken from them to be vsed at pleasure All the aforesaid rents they brought to Mexico vpon their backes and in Boates I meane so much as was necessarie for the prouision of the House and Court of Mutezuma all the rest was spent among Souldiers and bartred for Gold Plate Precious stones and other rich Iewels esteemed of Princes all the which was brought to the Treasurie In Mexico was large and great Barnes and Houses to receiue and keepe the Corne for prouision of the Citie with Officers and vnderofficers who did receiue the same and kept account thereof in Bookes of painted figures And in euery Towne was a Receiuer who bare in his hand a rod or a bush of Feathers and those gaue vp their accounts in Mexico If any such had beene taken with deceit and falshood death was his reward yea and his kinred punished with penalties as of a linage of a traitour to his Prince The Husbandmen if they paid not well their Tribute were apprehended for the same and if they were found to be poore through sicknesse and infirmitie then they were borne withall but if they were found to be lazie and sloathfull they should be vsed accordingly but in conclusion if they paied it not at a day appointed then they should be sold for slaues to pay their debt or else be sacrificed There were many other Prouinces which paid a certaine portion and reknowledged seruice but this Tribute was more of honour then profit In this sort Mutezuma had more then suffitient to prouide his house and wars and to heape vp great store in his Treasury Moreouer he spent nothing in the building of his houses for of long time he had certaine Townes that paid no other Tribute but onely to worke and repaire continually his Houses at their owne proper cost and paid all kinde of workemen carrying vpon their backes or drawing in sleds Stone Lime Timber Water and all other necessaries for the worke Likewise they were bound to prouide all the firewood that should be spent in the Court which was a great thing and did amount to two hundred and thirty weight a day which was fiue hundred mens burdens and some dayes in the winter much more And for the Kings Chimneys they brought the barke of Oake trees which wes best esteemed for the light thereof for they were great Sorcerers Mutezuma had one hundred Cities with their Prouinces of whom he receiued Rents Tributes and Vâ—ssalage where he maintained Garrison of Souldiers and had Treasurers in each of them His dominion did extend from the North sea to the South sea and six hundred miles in longitude within the maine Land although in very deede there were some Townes as Tlaxcallon Mechuacan Panuco and Teocantepec which were his enemies and paid him neither Tribute nor Seruice but yet the Ransome was much when any of them was taken Also there were oâ—her Kings and Noblemen as of Texcuto and Tlacopan which were not in subiection vnto him but onely in homage and obedience for they were of his owne linage vnto whom Mutezuma married his Daughters Description of Mexico as it flourished in those times MExico at the time when Cortes entred was a Citie of sixtie thousand houses The Kings house and oâ—her Noblemens houses were great large and beautifull the other were small and meane without either doores or windowes and although they were small yet there dwelleth in some of them two three yea and ten persons by reason whereof the Citie was wonderfully replenished with people This Citie is built vpon the water euen in the same order as Venice is All the body of the Citie standeth in a great large Lake of water There are three sorts of streetes very broad and faire the one sort are onely water with many Bridges another sort of onely earth and the third of earth and water that is to say the one halfe earth to walke vpon and the other halfe for Boates to bring prouision of all sorts These streetes are kept alwayes cleane and the most part of the houses haue two doores the one towards the Cawsey and the other
Mexicans 1135.20 Argiron a Citie in Armenia 69.50 Argon a King of India 68.1 Sends for a Wife inâ—â— Cathaya ibid. Hee dyes before shee came 68.30 Arima the Kingdome 322.30 Arioua a Towne in Russia through which the Volga runnes the manner of Boates there 777 Aristocracie the old Gouernment of Island 668 Aristotles errour about the Torride Zone 920.10 Some of his Rules discussed 921.20 c. Armadillos a West Indian Beast with skales 966.30.977.30 Armes of the Russians Horse and Foote 437 Armes of the Prouince of Aucheo 301.1 Armes of the King reuerenced 392.40 Armes or Ensignes of the Kings of Peru 1027.30 Armes or Ensignes of Mexico 1004.50 1006.10 Armenia the Greater called Araxat of the Riuer Araxiâ— 49.10 Two Kings 19. Verses 45. 37. Expounded ibid. Armenia the Lesser is Cilicia 52.60 Armenia the Lesse described 69.30 Armenia harrassed by the Saracens 125.30 The Saracens ouerthrowne there ibid. Armenia spoyled by the Saracens 118.30 Armenia Haithoâ— the King goeth to make a League with Mangu Chan 115.1 His 〈◊〉 Propositions to the Tartars ibid. Their Answere ibid. Hee becomes a Monke 118.50 Armenia the bounds 110.20 They vse two â—orâ—s of 〈◊〉 ibid. Armenian Monkes change their names 118.50 Armenian Monkâ— his doings Mangu Chans Coâ—â—e 29 5â— 32.50.40 33. 34. His Manichâ—ean Blasphemie aboue the Creation of Man 34.1 Armenian Priest his vncharitablenesse to Ionas the dying Priest 38.10.40 Hee 〈◊〉 with Southsayers Armenian Bishops are all Monkes 49.50 Armenian Christians in Taurica â—36 20 Armenians 〈…〉 Fish in Leâ—â— 35.20 Armenians Fast of fiue dayes 31.1 Armenians put not off their Cups 34.50 Armenians vse Frankincense for Holy-water 50.30 Their honour to the Crosse ibid. Their Churches â—â—ke thâ—se in France ibid. Their chiefe Countries where they exercise their Religioâ— 50.30.50 Armenians know not extreamâ—â—â—nction nor Confession 28.20 Armenians their two chiefâ— Prophets 49.50 Their Prophecies of a Nation of Arches which should Conquer the Easterne World ibid. 50.1 Which is as firmely belieued as the Gospell ibid. Armenians Losse in a retreate from the Holy Land 119.50 Armories or Ensignes of honour in Mexico 1111 Arngrim Ionas his History of Isâ—land â—54 Arquico 253.1 Arse of the World where 614.30 Marg. Arsengan the Citie in Armenia The great Earthquake there 51.10 Arserum the Citie where 49.40 Art of memory first taught in China 339.10 Art learned by Accident 959.1 Artacke a Beast in Tartarie 6.10 Arthur Pet his Voyage 463.40 Arthur the King his Northerne Conquests 619 Artilerie none in China 200.1 Arzâ—na in Lapland 213.40 223 Arzuiga the chiefe Citie in Armenia the greater 69.50 Ascelinâ—â— the Friâ—r sent from the Pope to the Tartars 59.2 His Message and the Tartars Answere Letters to the Pope ibid. Ashe◠〈◊〉 in Iapan 326.20 Asia diuided into two parts 107.60 108.1 Asia the greater can bee assaulted but by three passages â—ot of Asia the lesse 126.40 And which their wayes bee ibid. Assans the Land 19.1 Assassini a people 16.1 Asses excellent 70.50 Assow or Asaph in Crim-Tartarie 633.30 Assumption Citie by the Riuer of Plate the Latitude 902.1 Assumption point the Latitude 558.20 Astracan wonne by the Russe 439.20 Furthest part Southward of their Dominions 442.50 Astracan and Casan Conquered by the Russe 740.1 Astracan the Citie described 233.20 The trade there 233.50 244 Astracan vpon Volga the Latitude of it â—48 in margine The variation of the Compasse there 244 Astrolabes in China 346.30 Astrologers consulted withal 99.20 Astrologie in China 346.10 A Mountaine where it is studyed ibid. Their Colledge ibid. Astronomie of the Chinois 384.50 c. Their Astrologers 385.10 A-trie a Sea terme what 583. Marg. Asher a Citie 311.40 Atlisoo the famous Valley in the West Indies 872.50 Aucheo the Citie 300. 301.50 Vnwholsome and subiect to inundations 302.1 How farre from Cinoheo 306.30 Auguries by Birds in China Auricular Confession in Russia 453. Auricular Confession imitated by the Deuill in his Idoll-Ceremonies 1041.50 Some cases reserued for Superiour Priests Women Confessours nothing to bee concealed ibid. When mostly vsed and for what sinnes the King confessed himselfe onely to the Sunne the Ceremony of that Penance after Confession 1042 Austria attempted by the Tartars 114.30 Their King drowned in Danubius ibid. Axalla workes a league betwixt the Greeke Emperour and Tamerlane against the Turkes 155.40 He ruines the Turkes 160.1 Is made Gouernour of Quinsay 10 Axe required by the Tartars for tribute 2.30 Axe solemnely carryed about in Iudicatures in Island 668.10 Axes the Iuitlanders weare at their girdles 77â— 1 Ayer held no Element in China 345. â—0 Ayer vnder or neerer to the Equinoctiall is lighter and swifter then that neere the Poles 925 Ayer suddenly changed the effectâ— of it 927.1.10 Ayer may be too subtle for mens bodyes and where it is so 927.40.50 Ayer of Chile that rottes off the Toes and kills Passengers c. 928.10 c. Aynâ—m or Hainam the Iland 254. The fortune of it 255.1 Azoâ—eâ— Iles their Latitude 859.40 The way and distances thence to S. Lucas in Spaine ibid. Azou 〈◊〉 by the Turke 441.20 vpon the Euxine or blacke Sea ibid. Azure gotten in the West Indies 875.20 Azure-stones the best in the world where 73.50 B B Seldome vsed by the Chinois 342 40â— The Tartars cannot pronounce it 18.60 Babes new borne hardned in the Snow 677 Babes enioyned so keepe Fasting-dayes in Russia 543.1 Baccasaray the Court of the Chan of the Crim Tartars 634.50 Described ibid. Bacchu the Medowes 49.20 Bachu the Port described 245.40 Badascian Tengi what 312.30 W. Baffins Death at Ormus 848.30 Bahama the Iland and Chanell in New Spaine 870.10 Baiazet turnes from Constantinople to fight with Tamerlane 157.1 He encampes nere him ibid. The manner of his March 157.50 Hee fights on foot in the middest of his Ianizaries 158.1 His force she charges is wounded and taken aliue by Axalla 158 30.40.50 His stout answere to Tamerlaine 195. â—0 His rage after hee was prisoner Vsed for Tamerlanes footstoole ibid. Carried in Chaines into Tartary 160.40 Bachaâ—na a riuer in Tartaria 791.1 Baked 〈◊〉 eaten first and broths last in Russia 457.40 459.1 Balâ—ams Science and the Learning amongst the Arabians what 140 60 Balâ—sses a precious stone where found 73.40 Balaxaim in Persia 73.40 Their Kings descended from Alexander ibid. They are called Zulcarnen ibid. Dulcaâ—â—â—m perchance that is two-horned for so is Alexander the Great called of 〈◊〉 supposed Father God Ammion who was worshipped in likenesse of a 〈◊〉 Balayes are precious stones found in Balaris 110.1 Balchia is Walachia 54.10 Baldwinâ— the Emperours Conquest of Constantinople 65.50 in marg Baldach 70.10 Clothes of Gold c. There ibid. Their Galisa taken by the Tartars 70.20 Balke or Bâ—â—gh the kingdom 241.10 Balme and Balme-trees of the West Indies the kindes colours and manner of getting Creame of Balme vsed in Church Ceremonies for Creame of Milke 959.30 Balsara and the 〈◊〉 Dates growing there 70.10 Banquetting-house a curious
encounters with Hils which are all Chanfred and made so that it is stronger then the wall it selfe the wall being only in the spaces twixt Hill and Hill the Hils themselues making vp the rest In all that way are but fiue entrances caused by the Tartarian Riuers which with impetuous force cut the Countrey aboue fiue hundred leagues entring the Sea of China and Cauchin-china And one of them more forcible then the others enters the Kingdome of Sornau commonly called Siam by the Barre of Cuy At euery of those fiue entrances the King of China hath one Fort and the Tartar another in euery of the China Forts there are seuen thousand men six thousand foot and one thousand Horse in continuall pay most of them Strangers Mogors Champaas Pancrus Coracones and Gizares of Persia the Chinois being but meane Souldiers In all the space of this wall are three hundred and twentie Regiments each of fiue hundred men in all one hundred sixty thousand besides Ministers Commanders and their retinue which the Chinois said made in all two hundred thousand men allowed by the King only sustenance all or most of them being condemned to that seruice and therefore receiuing no pay And in Pequim is a great and admirable Prison-house in which are Prisoners continually for the Fabricke of this wall of three hundred thousand men and vpwards most of them from eighteene to fiue and fortie yeares old whereof some are men of good qualitie which for their ill behauiours and enormities are hither sentenced expecting to be remoued hence to the seruice of the wall whence they may haue returne according to the Statutes thereof made and approoued by the Chaens which therin dispense the Regall power with meere and mixt Empire There are twelue of them which may pay to the King a Million of Gold for Rent §. IIII. Mindo Salt-pits Mines of Coretumbaga Copper-workes Idolatry and Christianitie China Trades and Riuer Faires their comming to Pequin tryall and sentence Rarities of Pequin TO returne to our Voyage from Pacan and Nacau wee passed vp the Riuer to Mindoo a greater Citie then either of the former which on the Land side had a great Lake of Salt-water with great store of Salt-pits therein which the Chinois said did ebbe and flow like the Sea from which it is aboue two hundred leagues distant and that this Citie Rents to the King yearely one hundred thousand Taeis of the thirds of the Salt and as much more of the Silkes Sugars Porcelane Camfire Vermillion Quick-siluer which are there in great quantitie Two leagues aboue this Citie were twelue long Houses in which many men were sounding and purifying Copper making such a noyse with the Hammers that this place if any on Earth may resemble Hell In each House were fortie Furnaces twentie on a side with fortie great Anuiles on each whereof eight men were hammering round with such quicknes as scarce permitted the eyes obseruance so that in each house there were three hundred and twentie continuall Labourers besides Workmen of other kinds Wee asked how much Copper they might make yearely and they answered betwixt one hundred and ten and one hundred and twentie thousand Pikes of which the King had two parts because the Mynes were his the Hill where the Mine was is called Coretumbaga that is Riuer of Copper which in two hundred yeares so long was since the Discouery was not emptied Aboue these Houses one league neere the Riuer wee saw on a Hill encompassed with three rewes of Iron Grates thirtie Houses in fiue rankes very long with great Towres of Bels of Metall and Cast-Iron with gilded Pillars and carued workes and artificiall Frontis-pieces of stone Here we went on Land by Chifus leaue because hee had so vowed to that Pagode which is called Bigaypotim that is the God of one hundred and ten thousand Gods Corchoo Fungane ginato ginaca strong great say they aboue all the rest For they hold euery thing hath a particular God which made it and preserues it in its nature that this Bigaypotim brought forth all of them at his arme-pits and that of him they all hold their being as of a father by filiall vnion which they call Bijaporentesay In Pegu where I haue beene sometimes there is a Pagode like this there called Ginocoginana the God of all greatnesse whose Temple was built by the Chinois when they ruled in India which was after their Computation accorded with ours from Anno Dom. 1013. till 1072. conquered by Oxiuagan whose Successor seeing how much bloud was payd for so little good voluntarily relinquished it In those thirtie Houses stood a great quantitie of Idols of gilded wood and as many more of Tinne Copper Latten Iron Porcelane so many that I dare not mention the number Wee had not gone thence sixe or seuen leagues when we saw a great Citie ruined with the houses and wals on the ground seeming a league in circuit The Chinois said that it had beene called Cohilouzaa that is Flowre of the field sometimes prosperous and that one hundred fortie two yeares since as is written in a Booke name Toxefalem there came in company of Merchants from the Port of Tanaçarini a man which wrought Miracles in a moneths space raising vp fiue dead persons the Bonzos saying he was a Witch and because they could not hold dispute with him prouoking the people against him saying that if they did not kill him God would punish them with fire from Heauen The inraged multitude killed one Iohn a Weauer where he sojourned and his two Sonnes in Law and his Sonne which sought to defend him and when they had gone about to burne him in vaine the fire being extinct the Bonzos stoned him preaching Christ vnto them which had come from Heauen to dye for Sinners and to giue life to all which professed his Law with Faith and Works They say that the bodie was cast into the Riuer which for the space of fiue dayes would not runne lower and thereby many were moued to professe that Religion and as wee doubled a point of Land we saw a Crosse of stone on a little Hill enuironed with Trees Chifus Wife falling into trauell of which she dyed we stayed there nine dayes and did our Deuotions thereto prostrate on the Earth The people of the Village called Xifangu maruelling came running to the place and falling on their knees kissed the Crosse often saying Christo Iesu Iesu Christo Maria Micau late impone Moudel that is was a Virgin in his Conception Birth and after it They asked if they were Christians and we affirming it had vs to their Houses and vsed vs kindly being all of that Weauers Posteritie and Christians They also confirmed that which the Chinois had told vs and shewed vs the Booke printed of his Miracles which they said was named Matthew Escandel an Hungarian by Nation an Heremite of Mount Sinay borne
at Buda That Booke tels that nine dayes after his death the Citie Cohilouza shooke so that the people ranne out into the fields and abode in Tents to whom the Bonzos came and bid them feare nothing for they would beseech Quiay Tiguarem The God of the night to command the Earth to doe so no more otherwise they would giue him no Almes Thus went the Priests alone in Procession to that Idols House and making their night-Sacrifices and Perfumes the Earth quaked about eleuen of the clocke at night and ouerthrew the whole Citie one only of about foure thousand Bonzos remayning aliue into a Lake more then one hundred fathomes deepe called after this Fiunganorsee that is punished from Heauen Hence we came to a great Citie called Iunquilinau very rich with many Iunkes and Barkes where we stayed fiue dayes Chifu there celebrating his Wiues Exequies and giuing vs food and rayment for her soule freeing vs from the Oare and giuing vs leaue to goe on Land when wee would without our Collers which was very great ease to vs. Thence we went vp the Riuer still seeing on both sides many and faire Cities and Townes and other very great populations strongly walled and Fortresses alongst the water with Towres and rich Houses of their Sects with innumerable cattell in the fields and shipping in the Riuer in some places fiue hundred six hundred yea one thousand sayle in which were sold all things could be named Many Chinois affirmed that there were as many liued in that Empire on the water as in Cities and Townes so many in both that were it not for the good gouernment of their Trades they would eate one an other As in Duckes one trades in buying and hatching the Egges and selling the young another in breeding them for sale when they are great others in the Feathers others in the heads and in wares others in the Egges c. none interloping the others Trade vnder paine of thirtie stripes In Hogs one trades in selling them together aliue others kill them and sell them by weight others in Bacon others in Pigges others in Souse So in fish hee which sels fresh may not sell salt some sell them aliue c. and so in Fruits and other things And none may change his Trade without license They haue also along this Riuer of Batampina in which wee went from Nanquin to Pequin the distance of one hundred and eightie leagues such a number of Ingenios for Sugar and Presses for Wines and Oyles made of diuers sorts of Pulse and Fruits that there are streets of them on both sides of the Riuer of two or three leagues in length In other parts are many huge store-houses of infinite prouisions of all sorts of flesh in which are salted and smoked Beefe tame and wilde Hogs Ducks Geese Cranes Bustards Emes Deere Buffals Ants Horse Tygres Dogs and all flesh which the Earth brings forth which amuzed and amâ—zed vs exceedingly it seeming impossible that there should bee people in the World to eate the same Wee saw also great store of Barkes fenced at Poupe and Prow with Reedes of Canes full of Ducks to sell in diuers lofts ouer one another which goe out at foure strokes of a Drumme sixe or seuen thousand together to feed where they set them at the sound of the Drumme returning againe with like exceeding crie In the like sort they let them out to lay on the grasse They that hatch them haue long houses with twentie Furnaces full of dung with some hundreds of Egges couered therein and hatched by that heate the mouth stopped till they thinke fit time then putting in a Capon halfe plucked and wounded on the brest they shut it againe and after two dayes the Capon hath drawne them all forth and they put them into holes prouided for them We saw along the Riuer in some places store of Swine wild and tame kept by men on Horsebacke in other places tame Deere kept by Footmen all maymed in the right foreleg that they should not runne away which they doe when they are young Wee saw Pennes full of little Dogges to sell Barkes full of Pigges others of Lizards Frogs Snakes Snailes all being meate with them In these being of small price they may fell many kinds Yea the dung of men is there sold and not the worse Merchandize that stinke yeelding sweet wealth to some who goe tabouring vp and downe the streets to signifie what they would buy Two or three hundred sayle are seene sometimes fraighted with this lading in some Port of the Sea whence the fatned soyle yeelds three Haruests in a yeare Wee came to a Faire of China where on the water 2000. Barkes besides small Boats which goe vp and downe and small Barkes were assembled in one place and made a Citie with streets in the water aboue a league long and a third part of a league broad These Faires are principally on the Holy day of some Pagode whose Temple is by the waters side In this Water-citie by the order of the Aitao of Bitampina who is chiefe President of the thirtie two Admirals of the thirtie two Kingdomes of this Monarchie are sixtie Captaynes appointed thirtie for the gouernment and ordering of the same in matters of Iustice and other thirtie to guard the Merchants in comming safely secured from Theeues Ouer all these is a Chaem which hath Mere and mixt Rule in Causes Ciuill and Criminall without Appeale These Faires last from the new Moon to the ful in which it is a goodly thing to see two thousand streets or ranks strait enclosed with Barkes most of them flourishing with Streamers and Banners and railes painted whereon are sold all things that can be desired in others Mechanike Trades in the midst Boats going vp and downe with people to trade without any confusion or tumult As soone as it is night the streets are enclosed with Cables In euery street is ten Lanthornes lighted on the Masts which yeelds a fairer lustre then the former sight by day to see who goeth by and what is his businesse In each of these streets is a Watch-bell and when that of the Chaems sounds all the rest answer with as strange an Object to the Eare as the former to the Eye In euery of these Vowes are Oratories built on Barkes with gilded Tents where the Idoll and Priests receiue the Deuotions and Offerings of the people Amongst other remarkable things we saw one rew or street of aboue one hundred Barkes laden with Idols of gilded wood of diuers sort which are sold to be offered in the Pagodes and besides feet legs armes and heads which sicke folkes offered for Deuotion Other Barkes there are with Tents of Silke in which Comedies and pastimes are represented In others are sold Letters of Exchange the Priests giuing them Bils to receiue in Heauen what their folly lay downe there with great increase Our Scriueners would scarsly grow rich