together_o with_o bythinia_n which_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o glabrio_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v forthwith_o make_v war_n upon_o mithridates_n retain_v still_o the_o same_o naval_a force_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o before_o 100_o before_o cicero_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la maniliâ_fw-la plutarch_n in_o pomp._n eâ—rus_n epitome_n 100_o chap._n xxxiii_o de_fw-fr tutelis_fw-la or_o law_n concern_v wardship_n atilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n and_o time_n unknown_a prescribe_v that_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tribune_n shall_v appoint_v guardian_n to_o all_o such_o minor_n to_o who_o none_o have_v be_v otherwise_o assign_v 39_o assign_v livy_n lib._n 39_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n seem_v to_o have_v abrogate_a this_o law_n when_o as_o suetonius_n inform_v we_o he_o order_v that_o the_o assignment_n of_o guardian_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o consul_n 23._o consul_n sucton_n in_o claud._n cap._n 23._o laetoria_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o such_o person_n as_o be_v distract_v or_o prodigal_o squander_v away_o their_o estate_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o some_o proper_a person_n for_o the_o security_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o possession_n and_o that_o whoever_o be_v convict_v of_o defraud_v any_o in_o those_o circumstance_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o a_o high_a misdemeanour_n 3._o misdemeanour_n cicero_n de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o de_fw-fr nat._n dâ—or_n lib._n 3._o chap._n xxxiv_o law_n concern_v will_n heir_n and_o legacy_n furia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n furius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v give_v by_o way_n of_o legacy_n above_o a_o thousand_o ass_n unless_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o master_n who_o manumise_v he_o and_o to_o some_o other_o party_n there_o except_v bilbo_n except_v cicero_n pto_fw-la bilbo_n voconia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n q._n voconius_n saxa_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 584_o ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v leave_v heiress_n to_o a_o estate_n and_o that_o no_o census_n shall_v by_o his_o will_n give_v above_o four_o part_n of_o what_o he_o be_v worth_a to_o a_o woman_n this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v enact_v to_o prevent_v the_o decay_n and_o extinction_n of_o noble_a family_n finib_fw-la family_n cicero_n verr._n 3._o the_o senect_n de_fw-fr finib_fw-la by_o the_o word_n census_n be_v mean_v any_o rich_a person_n who_o be_v rate_v high_a in_o the_o censor_n book_n chap._n xxxv_o law_n concern_v money_n usury_n etc._n etc._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n sempronius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 560._o ordain_v that_o in_o lend_v money_n to_o the_o ally_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o latin_n the_o tenor_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n shall_v be_v still_o observe_v as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o citizen_n 2_o citizen_n lâ—u._n lib._n 35._o câ—â—â—â—_n de_fw-fr offic._n 2_o â—â—â—eria_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n valerius_n flaccus_n consui_n with_o l._n corâ—elius_n cinna_n ordain_v to_o oblige_v the_o poor_a part_n of_o the_o city_n that_o all_o creditor_n shall_v discharge_v their_o debtor_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o a_o four_o part_n for_o the_o whole_a sum._n this_o law_n as_o most_o unreasonable_a be_v censure_v by_o paterculus_n 23._o paterculus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 23._o gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n aul._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 685._o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o any_o money_n take_v up_o versurâ_fw-la factâ_fw-la i._n e._n first_o borrow_a upon_o a_o small_a use_n and_o then_o lend_v out_o again_o upon_o a_o great_a which_o practice_n be_v high_o unreasonable_a 2._o unreasonable_a cicero_n ad_fw-la attic._n lib._n 5._o epist_n ult_n lib._n 6._o epist_n 2._o claudia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n claudius_n caesar_n command_v that_o no_o usurer_n shall_v lend_v money_n to_o any_o person_n in_o his_o nonage_n to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o parent_n 11._o parent_n tacitus_n annal._n 11._o vespasian_n add_v a_o great_a strength_n to_o this_o law_n when_o he_o ordain_v that_o those_o usurer_n who_o lend_v money_n to_o any_o filius_fw-la familiae_fw-la or_o son_n under_o his_o father_n tuition_n shall_v have_v no_o right_a ever_o to_o claim_v it_o again_o not_o even_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o parent_n 11._o parent_n sueton_n in_o vespas_fw-la cap._n 11._o chap._n xxxvi_o law_n concern_v the_o judge_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o ordain_v that_o the_o right_n of_o judge_v which_o have_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o senatorian_a order_n by_o romulus_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o they_o to_o the_o equites_fw-la 2._o equites_fw-la asâ—oâ—nus_n in_o divinat_fw-la tacit._n ann._n 12._o vâ—ll_n patere_fw-la l._n 2._o servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n q._n servilius_n caepio_n consul_n with_o c._n atilius_n serranus_n a._n 647._o abrogate_a in_o part_n the_o former_a law_n and_o command_v that_o the_o privilege_n there_o mention_v shall_v be_v divide_v between_o both_o order_n of_o knight_n and_o senator_n scauro_fw-la senator_n cicero_n de_fw-fr art_n rhet._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la oratore_fw-la in_fw-la bruto_fw-la in_o orat._n pto_fw-la scauro_fw-la plutarch_n and_o florus_n make_v c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n to_o have_v appoint_v 300_o senator_n and_o 600_o equites_fw-la for_o the_o management_n of_o judgement_n but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o servilian_a law_n if_o not_o total_o a_o mistake_n 71._o mistake_n cicero_n de_fw-fr orat._n 3._o flora_n epit_a 71._o this_o law_n be_v soon_o after_o repeal_v livia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n livius_n drusus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 662._o ordain_v that_o the_o judiciary_n power_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o senator_n and_o knight_n câ—radian_n knight_n asâ—â—nius_n in_o câ—radian_n but_o this_o among_o other_o constitution_n of_o that_o author_n be_v abrogate_a the_o very_a same_o year_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v make_v inauspicious_o plautia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n plautius_n silvanus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 664._o ordain_v that_o every_o tribe_n shall_v choose_v out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n fifteen_o person_n to_o serve_v as_o judge_n every_o year_n by_o this_o mean_n make_v the_o honour_n common_a to_o all_o three_o order_n according_a as_o the_o vote_n carry_v it_o in_o every_o tribe_n 4._o tribe_n cicero_n pro_fw-la cernel_n &_o ad_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la 4._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n dictator_n a._n 673._o take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o judge_v entire_o from_o the_o knight_n and_o restore_v it_o full_o to_o the_o senator_n divinat_fw-la senator_n florus_n epitome_n 89._o ascan_n in_o divinat_fw-la aurelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n aurelius_n cotta_n praetor_n a._n 653._o ordain_v that_o the_o senatorian_n and_o equestrian_a order_n together_o with_o the_o tribuni_fw-la aerarii_fw-la shall_v share_v the_o judicial_a power_n between_o they_o 2._o they_o cicero_n in_o veâ—â—nis_n vell._n lib._n 2._o pompeia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n pompey_n the_o great_a consul_n with_o crassâ—â—_n a._n 698._o ordain_v that_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v otherwise_o than_o former_o out_o of_o the_o rich_a in_o every_o century_n yet_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o person_n mention_v in_o the_o aurelian_a law_n pisenem_fw-la law_n cicero_n in_o pisenem_fw-la julia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n julius_n caesar_n confirm_v the_o foresay_a privilege_n to_o the_o senator_n and_o knight_n but_o exclude_v the_o tribuni_fw-la aerarii_fw-la 41._o aerarii_fw-la suet._n in_o julia_n cap._n 41._o rosinus_n set_v this_o law_n before_o that_o of_o pompey_n but_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a it_o be_v not_o make_v till_o afterward_o antonia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n antony_n consul_n with_o julius_n caesar_n a._n 709._o ordain_v that_o a_o three_o decury_n of_o judge_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o two_o former_a to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o centurion_n 5._o centurion_n câ—â—ero_n in_o philipp_n 1._o &_o 5._o chap._n xxxvii_o law_n relate_v to_o judgement_n pompeia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n pompey_n the_o great_a sole_a consul_n a._n 701._o forbid_v the_o use_n of_o the_o landatores_fw-la in_o trial_n 2._o trial_n plutarch_n in_o pomp._n &_o in_o catone_n vticens_fw-la valer._n max._n lib._n 6._o cap._n 2._o memmia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o no_o person_n be_v name_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o roll_n of_o criminal_n who_o be_v absent_a upon_o the_o public_a account_n 7._o account_n cicero_n in_o vatin_n val._n max._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o remmia_fw-la lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o person_n convict_v of_o calumny_n shall_v be_v stigmatise_v roscio_n stigmatise_v cicero_n pro_fw-la sext._n roscio_n both_o these_o law_n sometime_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o memmiae_n and_o sometime_o of_o remmiae_n the_o distinction_n here_o observe_v be_v owe_v to_o p._n manutius_n cincia_n lex_fw-la the_o
anreliâ—â—â—_n but_o his_o noble_a exploit_n be_v the_o conquer_a the_o famous_a zenobia_n queen_n of_o the_o east_n as_o she_o style_v herself_o and_o the_o take_v her_o capital_a city_n palmyra_n at_o his_o return_n to_o rome_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o captive_n to_o grace_v his_o triumph_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v the_o indian_n arabian_n goth_n frank_n suevian_o saracen_n vandal_n and_o german_n ibid._n german_n ibid._n tacitus_n be_v content_v to_o show_v his_o moderation_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o quiet_a management_n of_o the_o empire_n without_o any_o hostile_a design_n or_o have_v he_o express_v any_o such_o inclination_n his_o short_a reign_n must_v necessary_o have_v hinder_v their_o effect_n probus_n to_o the_o wise_a government_n of_o his_o predecessor_n add_v the_o valour_n and_o conduct_n of_o a_o good_a commander_n it_o be_v he_o that_o oblige_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n to_o quit_v all_o their_o foot_n in_o gaul_n illyricum_n and_o several_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o very_a parthian_n send_v he_o flatter_a letter_n confess_v the_o dismal_a apprehension_n they_o entertain_v of_o his_o design_n against_o their_o country_n and_o beseech_v he_o to_o favour_v they_o with_o a_o peace_n probo_fw-la peace_n eâ—avius_n vopise_v in_o probo_fw-la there_o be_v scarce_o any_o enemy_n leave_v to_o his_o successor_n carus_n except_o the_o persian_n against_o who_o he_o according_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n but_o after_o two_o or_o three_o successful_a engagement_n die_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o thunderbolt_n caro._n thunderbolt_n idem_fw-la in_o caro._n his_o two_o son_n carinus_n and_o numerian_n be_v of_o so_o opposite_a a_o genius_n that_o one_o be_v general_o represent_v as_o the_o worst_a the_o other_o as_o the_o best_a of_o men._n numerian_n be_v soon_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o aper_n who_o together_o with_o the_o other_o emperor_n carinus_n in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n give_v way_n to_o the_o happy_a fortune_n of_o dioclesian_n the_o most_o successful_a of_o the_o latter_a emperor_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o prodigious_a exploit_n in_o egypt_n persia_n and_o armenia_n that_o a_o roman_a author_n ejus_fw-la author_n pomponius_n latus_fw-la in_o vitâ_fw-la ejus_fw-la have_v not_o stick_v to_o compare_v he_o with_o jupiter_n as_o he_o do_v his_o son_n maximian_n with_o hercules_n constantius_n clorus_n and_o galerius_n be_v happy_a than_o most_o of_o their_o predecessor_n by_o die_v as_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n live_v in_o peace_n nor_o be_v severus_n and_o maximinian_n on_o any_o account_n very_o remarkable_a except_o for_o leave_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n as_o the_o famous_a constantine_n who_o rid_v himself_o of_o his_o two_o competitor_n licinius_n and_o maxentius_n advance_v the_o empire_n to_o its_o ancient_a grandeur_n his_o happy_a war_n and_o wise_a administration_n in_o peace_n have_v gain_v he_o the_o surname_n of_o the_o great_a a_o honour_n unknown_a to_o former_a emperor_n yet_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v just_o repute_v unfortunate_a that_o by_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n he_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o utter_a ruin_n of_o italy_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o constantine_n the_o great_a to_o the_o take_n of_o rome_n by_o odoacer_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n though_o the_o three_o son_n of_o constantine_n at_o first_o divide_v the_o empire_n into_o three_o distinct_a principality_n yet_o it_o be_v afterward_o reunite_v under_o the_o long_a survivor_n constantius_n the_o war_n between_o he_o and_o magnentius_n as_o they_o prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o tyrant_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o whole_a state_n which_o aâ—_n this_o time_n be_v involve_v in_o such_o unhappy_a difficulty_n as_o to_o be_v very_o unable_a to_o bear_v so_o excessive_a a_o loss_n of_o man_n no_o less_o than_o 54000_o be_v kill_v on_o both_o side_n laetus_n side_n pompon_n laetus_n and_o perhaps_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n of_o the_o ill_a success_n which_o constant_o attend_v that_o emperor_n in_o the_o eastern_a war_n for_o the_o persian_n be_v all_o along_o his_o superior_n and_o when_o at_o last_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o condition_n lay_v on_o their_o side_n julian_n as_o he_o take_v effectual_a care_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o other_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o his_o design_n against_o the_o most_o formidable_a enemy_n the_o persian_n have_v all_o appearance_n of_o success_n but_o that_o he_o lose_v his_o life_n before_o they_o can_v be_v full_o put_v in_o execution_n jovian_a be_v no_o soon_o elect_v emperor_n but_o be_v under_o some_o apprehension_n of_o a_o rival_n in_o the_o west_n he_o immediate_o strike_v up_o a_o most_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o persian_n at_o the_o price_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n nisibis_n and_o all_o mesopotamia_n for_o which_o base_a action_n as_o he_o do_v not_o fail_v of_o a_o invective_n from_o every_o historian_n so_o particular_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 25._o marcellinus_n lib._n 25._o and_o zozimus_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o roman_a governor_n who_o resign_v up_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n upon_o any_o account_n valentinian_n the_o first_o have_v general_o the_o character_n of_o a_o excellent_a prince_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v more_o studious_a of_o oblige_v his_o subject_n by_o a_o easy_a and_o quiet_a government_n than_o desirous_a of_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o encroach_a enemy_n gratian_n too_o though_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o experience_n in_o war_n be_v able_a to_o do_v no_o more_o than_o to_o settle_v the_o single_a province_n of_o gaul_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_o applaud_v by_o historian_n for_o take_v such_o extraordinary_a care_n in_o the_o business_n of_o a_o successor_n for_o be_v very_o sensible_a how_o every_o day_n produce_v worse_a effect_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o that_o the_o state_n if_o not_o at_o the_o last_o gasp_n yet_o be_v very_o nigh_o beyond_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o make_v it_o his_o whole_a study_n to_o sin_v out_o a_o person_n that_o shall_v in_o all_o respect_n be_v capacitate_v for_o the_o noble_a work_n of_o the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o country_n the_o man_n he_o pitch_v upon_o be_v theodosius_n a_o native_a of_o spain_n who_o be_v now_o invest_v with_o the_o command_n of_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o gratian_n remain_v sole_a emperor_n and_o indeed_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n he_o answer_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o world_n prove_v the_o most_o resolute_a defender_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o its_o decline_a age._n but_o for_o his_o colleague_n valentinian_n the_o second_o he_o be_v cut_v off_o without_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v our_o notice_n under_o honorius_n thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a desperate_a state_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n get_v ground_n on_o all_o side_n and_o make_v every_o day_n some_o diminution_n in_o the_o empire_n till_o at_o last_o alaric_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n waste_v all_o italy_n proceed_v to_o rome_n itself_o and_o be_v content_v to_o set_v a_o few_o building_n on_o fire_n and_o rifle_v the_o treasury_n retire_v with_o his_o army_n lat._n army_n paul_n diacon_n &_o pompon_n lat._n so_o that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o disgrace_n than_o a_o destruction_n of_o the_o city_n and_o nero_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v do_v more_o mischief_n when_o he_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n in_o jest_n than_o it_o now_o suffer_v from_o the_o barbarous_a conqueror_n valentinian_n the_o three_o at_o his_o first_o accession_n to_o the_o empire_n give_v great_a hope_n of_o his_o prove_v the_o author_n of_o a_o happy_a revolution_n lat._n revolution_n pompon_n lat._n and_o he_o be_v very_o fortunate_a in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o famous_a attila_n the_o hun_n but_o his_o imprudence_n in_o put_v to_o death_n his_o best_a commander_n aetius_n hasten_v very_o much_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n now_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n by_o this_o time_n the_o state_n be_v give_v over_o as_o desperate_a and_o what_o prince_n follow_v till_o the_o take_n of_o the_o city_n by_o odoacer_n be_v only_o a_o company_n of_o miserable_a short-lived_a tyrant_n remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o the_o meanness_n of_o their_o extraction_n and_o the_o poorness_n of_o their_o government_n so_o that_o historian_n general_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n or_o at_o most_o with_o the_o bare_a mention_n of_o their_o name_n the_o best_a account_n of_o they_o we_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v as_o follow_v maximus_n who_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o promotion_n have_v procure_v the_o murder_n oâ—_n
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its_o full_a perfection_n and_o lucretius_n who_o write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o jugurthine_n war_n as_o he_o excel_v even_o the_o grecian_a disciple_n of_o epicurus_n in_o explain_v and_o defend_v his_o doctrine_n so_o he_o direct_v we_o where_o to_o begin_v in_o fix_v the_o height_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o roman_a poesy_n and_o style_n 1._o style_n sir_n will._n temple_n miscell_n p._n 2._o essay_n 1._o philosopher_n be_v now_o in_o universal_a honour_n and_o request_n be_v invite_v from_o all_o part_n for_o the_o education_n and_o instruction_n of_o young_a nobleman_n and_o for_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n and_o what_o be_v most_o surprise_v art_n and_o civility_n be_v rather_o encourage_v than_o fright_v away_o by_o the_o war_n and_o the_o muse_n like_o their_o patroness_n minerva_n have_v very_o often_o their_o residence_n in_o the_o camp_n sylla_n himself_o write_v two_o and_o twenty_o book_n of_o
manager_n of_o the_o discourse_n in_o tully_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la be_v represent_v as_o very_a opposiâ—â—_n in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a improvement_n of_o a_o accomplish_a orator_n the_o former_a deny_v any_o person_n the_o honour_n of_o this_o name_n who_o do_v not_o possess_v in_o some_o degree_n all_o the_o quality_n both_o native_a and_o acquire_v that_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o general_a scholar_n the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o a_o orator_n ought_v to_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v himself_o copious_o on_o all_o manner_n of_o subject_n and_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o one_o can_v answer_v this_o character_n without_o some_o excellency_n in_o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o happy_a endowment_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v these_o acquisition_n set_v so_o loose_a about_o he_o as_o to_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o bottom_n 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believe_v that_o oratory_n do_v not_o require_v the_o necessary_a attendance_n of_o its_o sister_n arts._n but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o prosecute_v a_o theme_n of_o any_o kind_a without_o a_o train_n of_o science_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o learned_a institution_n that_o as_o few_o person_n be_v to_o seek_v in_o the_o cultivate_a of_o their_o land_n or_o the_o contrivance_n and_o elegance_n of_o their_o garden_n though_o they_o never_o read_v cato_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rusticâ_fw-la or_o mago_n the_o carthaginian_a so_o a_o orator_n may_v harangue_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n on_o a_o subject_a take_v from_o any_o part_n of_o knowledge_n without_o any_o far_a acquaintance_n with_o the_o nice_a speculation_n than_o his_o common_a sense_n and_o understanding_n improve_v by_o experience_n and_o conversation_n shall_v lead_v he_o for_o who_o ever_o say_v he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o move_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o people_n stop_v at_o this_o that_o he_o have_v not_o philosophy_n enough_o to_o dive_v into_o the_o first_o spring_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o to_o discover_v their_o various_a nature_n and_o operation_n beside_o at_o this_o rate_n we_o must_v quite_o lay_v aside_o the_o way_n of_o raise_v pity_n in_o the_o audience_n by_o represent_v the_o misery_n of_o a_o distress_a party_n or_o describe_v perhaps_o the_o slavery_n which_o he_o endure_v when_o philosophy_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o good_a man_n can_v never_o be_v miserable_a and_o that_o virtue_n be_v be_v always_o absolute_o free_a now_o as_o cicero_n without_o doubt_n sit_v himself_o for_o the_o picture_n which_o in_o crassu_n his_o name_n he_o there_o draw_v of_o a_o orator_n and_o therefore_o strengthen_v his_o argument_n by_o his_o own_o example_n as_o well_o as_o his_o judgement_n so_o antonius_n in_o the_o next_o dialogue_n do_v not_o stick_v to_o own_o that_o his_o former_a assertion_n be_v rather_o take_v up_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o dispute_v and_o of_o encounter_v his_o rival_n than_o to_o deliver_v the_o just_a sentiment_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o therefore_o the_o gentile_a education_n in_o the_o polite_a age_n of_o rome_n be_v whole_o direct_v to_o the_o bar_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o no_o part_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n be_v omit_v for_o the_o improve_n and_o adorn_v of_o the_o main_a study_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o art_n be_v court_v though_o not_o with_o a_o equal_a passion_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a it_o appear_v that_o a_o strange_a assiduity_n and_o unwearied_a application_n be_v the_o very_a life_n and_o soul_n of_o their_o design_n when_o their_o historian_n deseribe_v a_o extraordinary_a man_n this_o always_o enter_v into_o his_o character_n as_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o that_o he_o be_v incredibili_fw-la industriâ_fw-la diligentia_fw-la singulari_fw-la of_o incredible_a industry_n of_o singular_a diligence_n eduâ—_n diligence_n archbishop_n tâ—ias_n seur_fw-fr of_o eduâ—_n and_o caâ—o_o in_o sallust_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o arm_n so_o much_o as_o the_o industry_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o advance_v the_o grandeur_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o the_o founder_n and_o regulator_n of_o this_o state_n in_o make_v diligence_n and_o labour_n necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o citizen_n take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o the_o poet_n will_v have_v jupiter_n to_o have_v think_v on_o when_o he_o succeed_v to_o the_o government_n over_o the_o primitive_a mortal_n pater_fw-la ipse_fw-la colondi_fw-la â—iaud_n sacilem_fw-la esse_fw-la viam_fw-la voluit_fw-la primusque_fw-la per_fw-la artem_fw-la movit_fw-la agros_fw-la curis_fw-la acuens_fw-la mortalia_fw-la corda_fw-la neo_fw-la torpere_fw-la gravi_fw-la passus_fw-la sva_fw-la regna_fw-la veterno_fw-la 1._o veterno_fw-la virg._n georg._n 1._o to_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o extreme_a industry_n and_o perpetual_a study_n and_o labour_n it_o may_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o instance_n in_o the_o three_o common_a exercise_n of_o translate_n declaim_v and_o recite_v translation_n the_o ancient_a orator_n of_o rome_n look_v on_o as_o a_o most_o useful_a though_o a_o most_o laborious_a employment_n all_o person_n that_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o bar_n propose_v common_o some_o one_o orator_n of_o greece_n for_o their_o constant_a pattern_n either_o lysias_n hyperides_n demosthenes_n or_o aeschines_n as_o their_o genius_n be_v incline_v he_o they_o continual_o study_v and_o to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_o master_n of_o his_o excellency_n be_v always_o make_v he_o speak_v their_o own_o tongue_n this_o cicero_n quinctilian_n and_o pliny_n junior_n enjoin_v as_o a_o indispensible_a duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o acquire_v any_o talon_n in_o eloquence_n and_o the_o first_o of_o these_o great_a man_n beside_o his_o many_o version_n of_o the_o orator_n for_o his_o private_a use_n oblige_v the_o public_a with_o the_o translation_n of_o several_a part_n of_o plato_n and_o zenophon_n in_o prose_n and_o homer_n and_o aratas_fw-la in_o verse_n as_o to_o declaim_n this_o be_v not_o only_o the_o main_a thing_n at_o which_o they_o labour_v under_o the_o master_n of_o rhetoric_n but_o what_o they_o practise_v long_o after_o they_o undertake_v real_a cause_n and_o have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a name_n in_o the_o forum_n suetonius_n in_o his_o book_n of_o famous_a rhetorician_n tell_v we_o that_o cicero_n declaim_v in_o greek_a till_o he_o be_v elect_v praetor_n and_o in_o latin_a till_o near_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n that_o pompey_n the_o great_a just_a at_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n resume_v his_o old_a exercise_n of_o declaim_v that_o he_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v able_a to_o deal_v with_o curio_n who_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o caesar_n cause_n in_o his_o public_a harangue_n that_o marc_n antony_n and_o augustus_n do_v not_o lay_v aside_o this_o custom_n even_o when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o mutina_n and_o that_o nero_n be_v not_o only_o constant_a at_o his_o declamation_n while_o in_o a_o private_a station_n but_o for_o the_o first_o year_n after_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v worth_a remark_n that_o the_o subject_a of_o these_o old_a declamation_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a fanciful_a thesis_n but_o a_o case_n which_o may_v probable_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o contrary_a practice_n which_o creep_v into_o some_o school_n after_o the_o augustan_n age_n to_o the_o great_a debase_v of_o eloquence_n be_v what_o petronius_n inveigh_v so_o severe_o against_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o satyricon_n in_o a_o strain_n so_o elegant_a that_o it_o will_v lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o grace_n and_o spirit_n in_o any_o translation_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o recitation_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o public_a performance_n of_o the_o poet_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o common_o borrow_a the_o house_n
the_o command_n of_o the_o continent_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o roman_a courage_n especial_o while_o they_o see_v so_o delicious_a a_o isle_n as_o sicily_n almost_o within_o their_o reach_n they_o only_o wait_v a_o occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n when_o fortune_n present_v as_o fair_a a_o one_o as_o they_o can_v wish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o messina_n a_o sicilian_a city_n make_v grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o people_n of_o vast_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o have_v the_o same_o design_n on_o sicily_n as_o the_o roman_n 2._o roman_n florus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o a_o fleet_n be_v soon_o man_v out_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o city_n be_v bring_v over_o 2._o over_o eutrop._n lib._n 2._o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o island_n quick_o follow_v and_o sardinia_n and_o corfica_n be_v take_v in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o 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but_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o scipio_n he_o have_v before_o reduce_v all_o spain_n into_o subjection_n and_o now_o take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o hannibal_n at_o first_o have_v do_v he_o march_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n into_o africa_n and_o carry_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n oblige_v the_o enemy_n to_o call_v home_o their_o general_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n hannibal_n obey_v and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o a_o engagement_n after_o a_o long_a dispute_n wherein_o the_o commander_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v report_v to_o have_v outdo_v themselves_o the_o victory_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_n whereupon_o the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v once_o more_o to_o suâ—â—_n for_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v again_o grant_v they_o though_o upon_o much_o hard_a condition_n than_o before_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n have_v so_o high_o advance_v themselves_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a state_n that_o the_o athenian_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n be_v at_o this_o time_n miserable_o enslave_v by_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n unanimous_o petition_v the_o senate_n for_o assistance_n a_o fleet_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n be_v present_o dispatch_v to_o their_o relief_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o tyrant_n after_o several_a defeat_n be_v compel_v to_o restore_v all_o greece_n to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n 4._o conqueror_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o hannibal_n after_o his_o late_a defeat_n have_v apply_v himself_o to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o roman_n acilius_n glabrio_n be_v first_o send_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o give_v he_o several_a defeat_n when_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o roman_a admiral_n engage_v with_o the_o king_n force_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n entire_o ruin_v the_o whole_a fleet._n which_o victory_n be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o another_o as_o signal_n at_o land_n the_o effeminate_a prince_n be_v content_v to_o purchase_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o almost_o half_o his_o kingdom_n 8._o kingdom_n florus_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 8._o the_o victorious_a roman_n have_v scarce_o conclude_v the_o public_a rejoice_n on_o account_n of_o the_o late_a success_n when_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n present_v they_o with_o a_o occasion_n of_o a_o more_o glorious_a triumph_n his_o son_n perseus_n that_o succeed_v resolve_v to_o break_v with_o the_o senate_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o procure_v other_o necessary_n for_o a_o war._n never_o be_v great_a appearance_n in_o the_o field_n than_o on_o both_o side_n most_o of_o the_o considerable_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n but_o fortune_n still_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o perseus_n prodigious_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o consul_n aemylius_fw-la and_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n 1._o conqueror_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 1._o author_n that_o write_v of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n here_o fix_v the_o end_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n but_o rome_n can_v not_o think_v herself_o secure_a among_o all_o these_o conquest_n while_o her_o old_a rival_n carthage_n be_v yet_o stand_v so_o that_o upon_o a_o slight_a provocation_n the_o city_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n be_v take_v and_o utter_o raze_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o publius_n scipio_n grandson_n by_o adoption_n to_o he_o that_o conquer_v hannibal_n ibid._n hannibal_n ibid._n not_o long_o after_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n die_v without_o issue_n leave_v his_o vast_a territory_n
they_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o confirm_v the_o election_n of_o the_o soldier_n especial_o since_o they_o have_v pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o easy_a prince_n as_o will_v be_v whole_o at_o their_o command_n and_o disposal_n caligula_n disposal_n aurelius_n victer_n de_fw-fr casâ—ribus_fw-la in_o caligula_n the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n be_v the_o most_o memorable_a in_o his_o time_n owe_v partly_o to_o a_o expedition_n that_o he_o make_v in_o person_n but_o chief_o to_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o lieutenant_n ostorius_n scapula_n aulus_n plautius_n and_o veâ—pasâ—an_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o his_o reign_n as_o follow_v mesopotamia_n in_o the_o east_n rhine_n and_o damebe_n in_o the_o north_n mauritania_n in_o the_o south_n and_o britain_n in_o the_o west_n claud._n west_n aurelius_n victer_n deâ—â—saribâ—s_n â—â—saribâ—s_z in_o claud._n the_o roman_a arm_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n under_o nero_n especial_o when_o suctonius_n tell_v we_o he_o neither_o hope_v nor_o desire_v the_o enlargement_n of_o the_o empire_n 18._o empire_n sucton_n in_o nerone_n cap._n 18._o however_o two_o country_n be_v in_o his_o time_n reduce_v into_o roman_a province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o pontus_n and_o the_o cottian_a alps_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o divide_v dauphine_n and_o piedmont_n brâ—tain_n and_o aâ—menia_n be_v once_o both_o lose_v 40._o lose_v idem_fw-la cap._n 40._o and_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n recover_v and_o indeed_o his_o averseness_n to_o the_o camp_n make_v he_o far_o more_o odious_a to_o the_o soldier_n than_o all_o his_o other_o vice_n to_o the_o people_n so_o that_o when_o the_o citizen_n have_v the_o patience_n to_o endure_v he_o for_o fourteen_o year_n the_o army_n under_o galba_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o spain_n be_v constrain_v to_o undertake_v his_o removal_n galba_n be_v acknowledge_v on_o all_o hand_n for_o the_o great_a reformer_n of_o martial_a discipline_n and_o though_o before_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o empire_n he_o have_v be_v famous_a for_o his_o exploit_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o part_n 8._o part_n sucton_n in_o galb_n cap._n 8._o yet_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o advancement_n afterward_o his_o age_n and_o severity_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o his_o ruin_n the_o first_o of_o which_o render_v he_o contemptible_a and_o the_o other_o odious_a and_o the_o remedy_n he_o use_v to_o appease_v the_o dissatisfaction_n do_v but_o ripen_v they_o for_o revenge_n for_o immediate_o upon_o his_o adopt_v piso_n by_o which_o he_o hope_v to_o have_v pacisied_a the_o people_n otho_n who_o have_v ever_o expect_v that_o honour_n and_o be_v now_o enrage_v at_o his_o disappointment_n 17._o disappointment_n idem_fw-la cap._n 17._o upon_o application_n make_v to_o the_o soldier_n easy_o procure_v the_o murder_n of_o the_o old_a prince_n and_o his_o adopt_a son_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v himself_o advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o german_a army_n under_o vitellius_n have_v a_o equal_a aversion_n to_o the_o old_a emperor_n with_o those_o at_o rome_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o own_o commander_n otho_n upon_o the_o first_o notice_n of_o their_o design_n have_v send_v to_o proffer_n vitellius_n a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o government_n with_o himself_o 8._o himself_o suet._n in_o othon_n cap._n 8._o but_o all_o proposal_n for_o a_o accommodation_n be_v refuse_v and_o himself_o compel_v as_o it_o be_v to_o march_v against_o the_o force_n that_o be_v send_v towards_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o defeat_v they_o in_o three_o small_a engagement_n but_o have_v be_v worsted_n in_o a_o great_a fight_n at_o bebriacum_n though_o he_o have_v still_o sufficient_a strength_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o expect_v daily_o a_o reinforcement_n from_o several_a part_n 9_o part_n ibid._n cap._n 9_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o by_o all_o the_o argument_n in_o the_o world_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o hazard_v another_o battle_n but_o to_o end_v the_o contention_n kill_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n on_o this_o account_n historian_n though_o they_o represent_v his_o life_n as_o the_o most_o exact_a picture_n of_o unmanly_a softness_n yet_o they_o general_o confess_v his_o death_n equal_a to_o the_o noble_a of_o antiquity_n and_o the_o same_o author_n martial_a author_n martial_a that_o have_v give_v he_o the_o last_a title_n of_o mollis_fw-la otho_fw-la have_v yet_o set_v he_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o famous_a cato_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o last_o action_n of_o his_o life_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o vitellius_n that_o he_o obtain_v the_o empire_n by_o the_o sole_a valour_n of_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o lose_v it_o pure_o on_o his_o own_o account_n his_o extreme_a luxury_n and_o cruelty_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n the_o more_o detestable_a because_o he_o have_v be_v advance_v to_o that_o dignity_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o patron_n of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o restorer_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n within_o eight_o month_n time_n the_o provincial_a army_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v on_o vespasian_n 15._o vespasian_n sueton._n in_o vitel._n cap._n 15._o for_o their_o emperor_n and_o the_o tyrant_n after_o he_o have_v be_v strange_o mangle_v by_o the_o extreme_a fury_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o rabble_n be_v at_o last_o drag_v into_o the_o river_n tiber_n 17._o tiber_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 17._o the_o republic_n be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o advancement_n under_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o three_o last_o reign_n that_o she_o must_v necessary_o have_v feel_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o they_o have_v she_o not_o be_v seasonable_o relieve_v by_o the_o happy_a management_n of_o vespasian_n it_o be_v a_o handsome_a turn_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n when_o by_o order_n of_o caligula_n his_o bosom_n have_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n be_v stuff_v with_o dirt_n to_o put_v this_o interpretation_n on_o the_o accident_n that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v miserable_o abuse_v and_o even_o tread_v under_o foot_n shall_v hereafter_o fly_v to_o his_o bosom_n for_o protection_n 5._o protection_n sueton._n in_o vespas_fw-la cap._n 5._o and_o indeed_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v make_v it_o his_o whole_a care_n and_o design_n to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o city_n and_o state_n occasion_v by_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o the_o late_a time_n nine_o province_n he_o add_v to_o the_o empire_n 7._o empire_n eutrop._n lib._n 7._o and_o be_v so_o very_o exact_a in_o all_o circumstance_n of_o his_o life_n and_o conduct_n that_o one_o who_o have_v examine_v they_o both_o with_o all_o the_o niceness_n imaginable_a can_v find_v nothing_o in_o either_o that_o deserve_v reprehension_n except_o a_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o riches_n 16._o riches_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 16._o and_o he_o covert_o excuse_v he_o for_o this_o by_o extol_v at_o the_o same_o time_n hâ—s_v extraordinary_a magnificence_n and_o liberality_n 18._o liberality_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 17_o 18._o but_o perhaps_o he_o do_v not_o more_o oblige_v the_o world_n by_o his_o own_o reign_n than_o by_o leave_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n as_o his_o son_n titus_n the_o only_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v the_o character_n of_o never_o do_v a_o ill_a action_n he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o courage_n in_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o may_v have_v meet_v with_o as_o good_a success_n in_o other_o part_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o untimely_a death_n to_o the_o universal_a grief_n of_o mankind_n but_o then_o domitian_n so_o far_o degenerate_v from_o the_o two_o excellent_a example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n as_o to_o seem_v more_o emulous_a of_o copy_v nero_n or_o caligula_n however_o as_o to_o martial_a affair_n he_o be_v as_o happy_a as_o most_o of_o his_o predecessor_n have_v in_o four_o expedition_n subdue_v the_o catti_n daci_n and_o the_o sarmatian_n and_o extinguish_v a_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o first_o beginning_n 6._o beginning_n sucton_n in_o demit_fw-la cap._n 6._o by_o this_o mean_n he_o have_v so_o entire_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o his_o near_a relation_n and_o even_o his_o very_a wife_n engage_v in_o his_o murder_n 14._o murder_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 14._o yet_o we_o find_v the_o army_n so_o extreme_o dissatisfy_v as_o to_o have_v want_v only_o a_o leader_n to_o revenge_v his_o death_n 23._o death_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 23._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o domitian_n to_o the_o end_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a the_o two_o follow_a emperor_n have_v be_v deserve_o style_v the_o restorer_n of_o the_o roman_a grandeur_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o viciousness_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o former_a prince_n have_v be_v extreme_o impair_v nerva_n
and_o crimen_fw-la ambitûs_fw-la the_o next_o in_o the_o crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la and_o the_o last_o in_o case_n of_o murder_n cicero_n have_v give_v we_o a_o excellent_a example_n in_o every_o kind_n of_o the_o first_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o fonteius_n flaccus_n muraena_fw-la and_o plancius_n of_o the_o second_o in_o that_o for_o cornelius_n and_o of_o the_o three_o in_o his_o admirable_a defence_n of_o milo_n laudatio_fw-la be_v a_o custom_n like_o that_o in_o our_o trial_n of_o bring_v in_o person_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v their_o testimony_n of_o the_o accuse_v person_n be_v good_a behaviour_n and_o integrity_n of_o life_n the_o least_o number_n of_o these_o laudatores_fw-la use_v to_o be_v ten._n in_o the_o latio_fw-la sententiae_fw-la or_o pronounce_v sentence_n they_o proceed_v thus_o after_o the_o orator_n on_o both_o side_n have_v say_v all_o they_o design_v the_o crier_n give_v notice_n of_o it_o according_o and_o then_o the_o praetor_n send_v out_o the_o jury_n to_o consult_v mittebat_fw-la judices_fw-la in_o consilium_fw-la deliver_v to_o every_o one_o three_o tablet_n cover_v with_o wax_n one_o of_o absolution_n another_o of_o condemnation_n and_o a_o three_o of_o ampliation_n or_o adjournment_n of_o the_o trial_n the_o first_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o the_o second_o with_o c_o the_o other_o with_o n_n l._n or_o non_fw-la liquet_fw-la in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o jury_n withdraw_v be_v set_v a_o proper_a number_n of_o urn_n or_o box_n into_o which_o they_o throw_v what_o tablet_n they_o please_v the_o accuse_a person_n prostrate_v himself_o all_o this_o while_n at_o their_o foot_n to_o move_v their_o compassion_n the_o tablet_n be_v draw_v and_o the_o great_a number_n know_v the_o praetor_n pronounce_v sentence_n according_o the_o form_n of_o condemnation_n be_v usual_o videntur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la or_o non_fw-la jure_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o absolution_n non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fecisse_fw-la of_o ampliation_n amplius_fw-la cognoscendum_fw-la sometime_o he_o mention_v the_o punishment_n and_o sometime_o leave_v it_o out_o as_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n on_o which_o the_o indictment_n be_v ground_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o trial_n in_o criminal_a matter_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o four_o head_n aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la animadversio_fw-la judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la and_o judicium_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la litis_fw-la or_o the_o rate_v of_o the_o damage_n be_v in_o use_n only_o in_o case_n of_o bribery_n and_o abuse_v of_o the_o public_a money_n animadversio_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praetor_n but_o in_o case_n the_o party_n be_v absolve_v there_o lay_v two_o action_n against_o the_o accuser_n one_o of_o calumny_n the_o common_a punishment_n of_o which_o be_v frontis_fw-la inustio_fw-la burn_v in_o the_o forehead_n and_o the_o other_o of_o prevarication_n when_o the_o accuser_n instead_o of_o urge_v the_o crime_n home_o seem_v rather_o to_o hide_v or_o extenuate_v the_o gild_n hence_o the_o civilian_n define_v a_o prevaricator_n to_o be_v one_o that_o betray_v his_o cause_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o turn_v on_o the_o criminal_n side_n whâ—n_v be_v aught_o to_o prosecute_v chap._n xix_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n the_o people_n be_v sometime_o the_o judge_n both_o in_o private_a and_o public_a cause_n though_o of_o the_o first_o we_o have_v only_o one_o example_n in_o livy_n 3._o livy_n lib._n 3._o the_o other_o we_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n these_o judgement_n be_v make_v first_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la and_o afterward_o at_o the_o centuriata_fw-la and_o tributa_fw-la the_o proceed_n in_o all_o which_o assembly_n have_v be_v already_o show_v what_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v be_v this_o when_o any_o magistrate_n design_v to_o impeach_v a_o person_n of_o a_o crime_n before_o the_o whole_a people_n he_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o call_v the_o people_n together_o by_o a_o crier_n signify_v to_o they_o that_o upon_o such_o a_o day_n he_o intend_v to_o accuse_v such_o a_o person_n of_o such_o a_o crime_n this_o they_o term_v reo_fw-la diem_fw-la dicere_fw-la the_o suspect_a party_n be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o the_o day_n prefix_v and_o in_o default_n of_o bail_n be_v command_v to_o prison_n on_o the_o appoint_a day_n the_o magistrate_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o cite_v the_o party_n by_o the_o crier_n who_o unless_o some_o other_o magistrate_n of_o equal_a authority_n interpose_v or_o a_o sufficient_a excuse_n be_v offer_v be_v oblige_v to_o appear_v or_o may_v be_v punish_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o magistrate_n who_o accuse_v he_o if_o he_o appear_v the_o accuser_n begin_v his_o charge_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o every_o other_o day_n for_o six_o day_n together_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o indictment_n mention_v the_o particular_a punishment_n specify_v in_o the_o law_n for_o such_o a_o offence_n this_o intimation_n they_o term_v anquisitio_fw-la the_o same_o be_v immediate_o after_o express_v in_o write_v and_o then_o take_v the_o name_n of_o rogatio_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v to_o be_v ask_v or_o consult_v about_o it_o and_o irrogatio_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o criminal_a as_o it_o import_v the_o mulct_n or_o punishment_n assign_v he_o by_o the_o accuser_n this_o rogatio_fw-la be_v public_o expose_v three_o nundinae_fw-la or_o market-day_n together_o for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o people_n on_o the_o three_o market-day_n the_o accuser_n again_o ascend_v the_o rostra_fw-la and_o the_o people_n be_v call_v together_o undertake_v the_o four_o turn_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o have_v conclude_v give_v the_o other_o party_n leave_v to_o enter_v upon_o his_o defence_n either_o in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o advocate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o accuser_n finish_v his_o four_o charge_n he_o give_v notice_n what_o day_n he_o will_v have_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v to_o receive_v the_o bill_n the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la to_o consider_v of_o mulct_n and_o the_o centuriata_fw-la for_o capital_a punishment_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v several_a way_n by_o which_o the_o accuse_a party_n may_v be_v relieve_v as_o first_o if_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o interpose_v in_o his_o behalf_n or_o if_o he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o voluntary_a exile_n sickness_n or_o upon_o account_n of_o provide_v for_o a_o funeral_n or_o if_o he_o prevail_v with_o the_o accuser_n to_o relinquish_v his_o charge_n and_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v or_o if_o upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o augur_n discover_v any_o ill_a omen_n and_o so_o forbid_v the_o assembly_n if_o none_o of_o these_o happen_v the_o comitia_fw-la meet_v and_o proceed_v as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v and_o as_o for_o the_o animadversio_fw-la or_o put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o praetorian_a judgement_n the_o form_n of_o judgement_n which_o have_v be_v thus_o describe_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v prevail_v chief_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n for_o as_o the_o king_n before_o so_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o be_v themselves_o judge_n in_o what_o cause_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o please_v as_o suetonius_n particular_o inform_v we_o of_o almost_o all_o the_o twelve_o caesar_n it_o be_v this_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o mandatores_fw-la and_o delatores_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o wretch_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o every_o part_n of_o history_n the_o business_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o mark_v down_o such_o person_n as_o upon_o inquisition_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v find_v guilty_a of_o any_o misdemeanour_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v employ_v in_o accuse_v and_o prosecute_n they_o upon_o the_o other_o order_n this_o mischievous_a tribe_n as_o they_o be_v countenance_v and_o reward_v by_o ill_a prince_n so_o be_v they_o extreme_o detest_v by_o the_o good_a emperor_n titus_n prosecute_v all_o that_o can_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o most_o diligent_a search_n with_o death_n or_o perpetual_a banishment_n 8._o banishment_n sueton._n in_o tit._n cap._n 8._o and_o pliny_n reckon_v it_o among_o the_o great_a praise_n of_o trajan_n that_o he_o have_v clear_v the_o city_n from_o the_o perjure_a race_n of_o informer_n panegyric_n informer_n plin._n in_o panegyric_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o roman_a punishment_n the_o accurate_a sigonius_n have_v divide_v the_o punishment_n into_o eight_o sort_n damnum_fw-la vincula_fw-la verbera_fw-la talio_n ignominia_fw-la exilium_fw-la servitus_fw-la mors._n damnum_fw-la be_v a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n or_o fine_a set_v upon_o the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n vincula_fw-la signify_v the_o guilty_a person_n be_v being_n condemn_v to_o imprisonment_n and_o fetter_n of_o which_o they_o have_v many_o
call_v jus_fw-la â—onorarium_fw-la and_o last_o when_o the_o government_n be_v entrust_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o single_a person_n whatever_o he_o ordain_v have_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o law_n with_o the_o name_n of_o principalis_fw-la constitutio_fw-la most_o of_o these_o daily_a increase_n give_v so_o much_o scope_n to_o the_o lawyer_n for_o the_o compile_n of_o report_n and_o other_o labour_n that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o justinian_n there_o be_v extant_a two_o thousand_o distinct_a volume_n on_o this_o subject_a the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n be_v thus_o grow_v unwieldy_a and_o render_v almost_o useless_a by_o its_o excessive_a bulk_n that_o excellent_a emperor_n enter_v on_o a_o design_n to_o bring_v it_o into_o just_a dimension_n which_o be_v happy_o accomplish_v in_o the_o constitute_v those_o four_o tome_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v now_o extant_a and_o have_v contribute_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o the_o regulate_v of_o all_o the_o state_n in_o christendom_n so_o that_o the_o old_a fancy_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o the_o eternity_n of_o their_o command_n be_v not_o so_o ridiculous_a as_o at_o first_o sight_n it_o appear_v since_o by_o their_o admirable_a sanction_n they_o be_v still_o like_a to_o govern_v for_o ever_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o law_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o those_o relate_n to_o religion_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n and_o other_o more_o ancient_a institution_n as_o it_o will_v require_v no_o ordinary_a stock_n of_o criticism_n bare_o to_o explain_v their_o word_n so_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o almost_o useless_a since_o they_o be_v so_o seldom_o mention_v by_o the_o classicks_n those_o which_o we_o general_o meet_v with_o be_v such_o as_o be_v prefer_v by_o some_o particular_a magistrate_n from_o who_o they_o take_v their_o name_n these_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o frequent_a occurrence_n in_o the_o best_a writer_n deserve_v a_o short_a explication_n according_a to_o the_o common_a head_n lay_v down_o by_o those_o author_n who_o have_v hitherto_o manage_v this_o subject_a beginning_n with_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o public_a worship_n and_o the_o ceremony_n of_o religion_n sulpitia_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpitius_n saverrio_n and_o p._n sempronius_n sophus_n in_o their_o consulship_n a._n 449._o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v consecrate_v any_o temple_n or_o altar_n without_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tribune_n 9_o tribune_n livy_n lib._n 9_o papiria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n papirius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o command_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v have_v the_o liberty_n of_o consecrate_v any_o edifice_n place_n or_o thing_n without_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o commons_o suâ_fw-la commons_o cicero_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n silvius_n define_v the_o expense_n of_o funeral_n sylla_n funeral_n pâ—ut_fw-la in_o sylla_n sextia_n licinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n sextius_n and_o licinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 385._o command_a that_o instead_o of_o the_o duumviri_fw-la sacris_fw-la faciundis_fw-la a_o decemvirate_n shall_v be_v create_v part_v out_o of_o the_o patrician_n and_o part_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o 6._o commons_o livy_n lib._n 6._o ogulnia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n q._n and_o cn._n ogulnii_fw-la tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 453._o command_a that_o whereas_o there_o be_v then_o but_o four_o pontifices_fw-la and_o four_o augur_n five_o more_o shall_v be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o to_o each_o order_n 10._o order_n livy_n lib._n 10._o manlia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n manlius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 557._o enact_v for_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o tresviri_fw-la epulones_n a_o old_a institution_n of_o numa_n 3._o numa_n cic._n de_fw-fr orat._n lib._n 3._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n in_o his_o tribuneship_n a._n 695._o divest_v the_o priest_n of_o cybele_n or_o the_o great_a mother_n who_o come_v from_o pessinum_fw-la of_o his_o office_n and_o confer_v it_o on_o brotigarus_n a_o gallo-graecian_a respon_n gallo-graecian_a idem_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la s_n &_o the_o harusp_n respon_n papia_n lex_fw-la order_v the_o manner_n of_o choose_v the_o vestal_a virgin_n gellius_n virgin_n a_o gellius_n as_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v the_o punishment_n of_o those_o holy_a recluse_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o law_n of_o numa_n licinia_n lex_fw-la prefer_v by_o c._n licinius_n crassus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 608._o for_o the_o transfer_v the_o right_n of_o choose_v priest_n from_o the_o college_n to_o the_o people_n amicitiâ_fw-la people_n cic._n de_fw-fr amicitiâ_fw-la but_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v ibid._n pass_v ibid._n domitia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n cn._n domitius_n ahenobarbus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 650._o actual_o transfer_v the_o say_v right_o to_o the_o people_n 2._o people_n suet._n in_o ner._n patercul_fw-la lib._n 2._o cic._n agrar._n 2._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n silvius_n dictator_n and_o consul_n with_o q._n metellus_n a._n 677._o abrogate_a the_o former_a law_n of_o domitius_n and_o restore_v the_o privilege_n there_o mention_v to_o the_o commons_o divinationem_fw-la commons_o asconius_n in_o divinationem_fw-la atia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n t._n atius_n labienus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 690._o repeal_n the_o cornelian_a law_n and_o restore_v the_o domitian_n 37._o domitian_n dio_fw-mi lib._n 37._o antonia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n antony_n in_o his_o consulship_n with_o julius_n caesar_n a._n 709._o abrogate_a the_o atian_a law_n and_o restore_v the_o cornelian_a 44._o cornelian_a dio_fw-mi lib._n 44._o paulus_n manutius_n have_v conjecture_v from_o several_a reason_n that_o this_o law_n of_o antony_n be_v afterward_o repeal_v and_o the_o right_n of_o choose_v priest_n entrust_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o people_n to_o this_o head_n be_v common_o refer_v the_o law_n about_o the_o exemption_n from_o military_a service_n or_o the_o vacation_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o very_a remarkable_a clause_n nisi_fw-la bellum_fw-la gallum_fw-la exoriatur_fw-la unless_o in_o case_n of_o a_o gallic_a insurrection_n in_o which_o case_n no_o person_n not_o the_o priest_n themselves_o be_v excuse_v the_o roman_n apprehend_v more_o danger_n from_o the_o gaul_n than_o from_o any_o other_o nation_n because_o they_o have_v once_o take_v their_o city_n 8._o city_n plut._n in_o marcell_n cic._n pro_fw-la fonteio_fw-la &_o philipp_n 8._o as_o also_o the_o three_o law_n about_o the_o show_n licinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n licinius_n varus_n city_n praetor_n a._n 545._o settle_v the_o day_n for_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o ludi_fw-la apollinares_n which_o before_o be_v uncertain_a etc._n uncertain_a livy_n lib._n 27._o alex._n neopolitan_n etc._n etc._n roscia_n lex_fw-la theatralis_fw-la the_o author_n l._n roscius_n otho_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 685._o ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v sit_v in_o the_o first_o fourteen_o seat_n of_o the_o theatre_n unless_o they_o be_v worth_a four_o hundred_o sestertium_n which_o be_v then_o reckon_v the_o census_n equestris_n 1._o equestris_n cic._n philipp_n 2._o ascon_n in_o cornelian_a juven_n sat._n 3._o &_o 14._o horat._n epod._n 4._o epist_n 1._o augustus_n caesar_n after_o several_a of_o the_o equestrian_a family_n have_v impair_v their_o estate_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n interpret_v this_o law_n so_o as_o to_o take_v in_o all_o those_o who_o ancestor_n ever_o have_v possess_v the_o sum_n there_o specify_v chap._n xxiii_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n valeria_z lex_fw-la de_fw-fr provocatione_n the_o author_n p._n valerius_n poplicola_n sole_a consul_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n brutus_n a._n 243._o give_v liberty_n to_o appeal_v from_o any_o magistrate_n to_o the_o people_n and_o order_v that_o no_o magistrate_n shall_v punish_v a_o roman_a citizen_n in_o case_n of_o such_o a_o appeal_n etc._n appeal_n livy_n lib._n 9_o plut._n in_o pâ—plicel_n etc._n etc._n valeria_n horatia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n valerius_n and_o m._n horatius_n consul_n a._n 304._o revive_v the_o former_a law_n which_o have_v be_v of_o no_o force_n under_o the_o decemvirate_n 3._o decemvirate_n livy_n lib._n 3._o valeria_n lex_fw-la tertia_fw-la the_o author_n m._n valerius_n corvinus_n in_o his_o consulship_n with_o q._n apuleius_n pansa_n a._n 453._o no_o more_o than_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o first_o valerian_n law_n 10._o law_n livy_n lib._n 10._o porcia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n porcius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o former_a command_v that_o no_o magistrate_n shall_v execute_v or_o punish_v with_o rod_n a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n but_o upon_o the_o sentence_n of_o condemnation_n shall_v give_v he_o permission_n to_o go_v into_o exile_n etc._n exile_n lavy_n lib._n 10._o câ—c_fw-la pro_fw-la ralirio_n sallust_n in_o catilmar_n sueten_v in_o ner
etc._n etc._n semproniae_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o command_a that_o no_o capital_a judgement_n shall_v be_v make_v upon_o a_o citizen_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n and_o make_v several_a other_o regulation_n in_o this_o affair_n etc._n affair_n cic._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la pro_fw-la cluentio_fw-la etc._n etc._n papia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la peregrinis_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 688._o command_a that_o all_o stranger_n shall_v be_v expel_v rome_n balbo_n rome_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n junia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n junius_n pennus_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o a_o forbid_a that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n 3._o citizen_n cic._n offic._n lib._n 3._o servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n servilius_n glaucia_n ordain_v that_o if_o any_o latin_a accuse_v a_o roman_a senator_n so_o that_o he_o be_v convict_v the_o accuser_n shall_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n balbo_n rome_n ascon_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la scauro_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n licinia_n mutia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n licinius_n crassus_n and_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n in_o their_o consulship_n a._n 658._o order_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o italy_n to_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o list_n of_o citizen_n in_o their_o own_o proper_a city_n balbo_n city_n cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o &_o pro_fw-la balbo_n livia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la sociis_fw-la in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 662._o m._n livins_n drusus_n propose_v a_o law_n to_o make_v all_o the_o italian_n free_a denizen_n of_o rome_n but_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v vote_v he_o be_v find_v murder_v in_o his_o house_n the_o author_n unknown_a 3._o unknown_a flor._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 17._o cic._n the_o lag_a lib._n 3._o varia_n lex_fw-la upon_o the_o death_n of_o drusus_n the_o knight_n prevail_v with_o his_o colleague_n q._n varius_n hybrida_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o bill_n for_o the_o prosecute_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v assist_v the_o italian_a people_n in_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n 6._o city_n cic._n in_o bruto_fw-la val._n max._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 6._o julia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la the_o next_o year_n upon_o the_o revolt_n of_o several_a state_n in_o italy_n which_o they_o call_v the_o social_n war_n l._n julius_n caesar_n the_o consul_n make_v a_o law_n that_o all_o those_o people_n who_o have_v continue_v firm_a to_o the_o roman_a interest_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n balbo_n citizen_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o war_n all_o the_o italian_a people_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o roll_n of_o free_a denizen_n and_o divide_v into_o eight_o new_a tribe_n 1._o tribe_n appian_n lib._n 1._o sylvani_n &_o carbonis_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n sylvanus_n and_o carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o ordain_v that_o any_o person_n who_o have_v be_v admit_v free_a denizen_n of_o any_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n and_o have_v a_o dwelling_n in_o italy_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v this_o law_n and_o have_v carry_v in_o their_o name_n to_o the_o praetor_n in_o sixty_o day_n time_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n of_o rome_n archia_fw-la rome_n cic._n pro._n archia_fw-la sulpitia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpitius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o new_a citizen_n who_o compose_v the_o eight_o tribe_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o thirty_o five_o old_a tribe_n as_o a_o great_a honour_n 77._o honour_n plut._n in_o sylla_n epit._n liv._o 77._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n silvius_n a._n 670._o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n to_o please_v the_o italian_a confederate_n 86._o confederate_n epit._n liv._o 86._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la municipiis_fw-la the_o author_n the_o same_o silvius_n in_o hâ—s_n dictatorship_n take_v away_o the_o privilege_n former_o grant_v to_o the_o corporate_a town_n from_o as_o many_o as_o have_v assist_v marius_n cinna_n sulpicius_n or_o any_o of_o the_o contrary_a faction_n suâ_fw-la faction_n cic._n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la gellia_n cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n gellius_n poplicola_n and_o cn._n cornelius_n lentulus_n a._n 681._o ordain_v that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o pompey_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n have_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v actual_o keep_v that_o liberty_n balbo_n liberty_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n chap._n xxiv_o law_n concern_v meeting_n and_o assembly_n aelia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o in_o all_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n the_o augur_n shall_v make_v observation_n from_o the_o heaven_n and_o that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o declare_v against_o the_o proceed_n and_o of_o interpose_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o matter_n fusia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n though_o they_o be_v fasti_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a to_o transact_v any_o thing_n in_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o people_n the_o author_n of_o these_o two_o law_n be_v unknown_a but_o p._n manutius_n conjecture_n that_o the_o first_o be_v owe_v to_o q._n aelius_n paetus_n consul_n with_o m._n junius_n pennus_n a._n 586._o the_o other_o to_o p._n furius_n or_o fusius_fw-la consul_n with_o s._n attilius_n sâ—rranus_n a._n 617._o the_o law_n themselves_o occur_v frequent_o in_o writer_n clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o contain_v a_o abrogation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o former_a law_n and_o order_v that_o no_o observation_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la and_o that_o on_o any_o of_o the_o die_v fasti_fw-la law_n may_v be_v enact_v in_o a_o public_a assembly_n pâ—sâ—manars_n assembly_n asâ—â—_n in_o pâ—sâ—manars_n curia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n curius_n dentatus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 454._o ordain_v that_o not_o comitia_fw-la shall_v be_v convene_v for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n ut_fw-la ante_fw-la comitia_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la patres_fw-la anctores_fw-la fierent_fw-la oratoribuâ—_n fierent_fw-la cic._n the_o clarie_n oratoribuâ—_n claudia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n claudius_n marcellus_n consul_n with_o seru._n sulpitius_n rufus_n a._n 702._o order_v that_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n no_o account_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o the_o absent_a julio_n absent_a suet._n in_o julio_n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 614._o command_a that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n the_o people_n shall_v not_o give_v their_o suffrage_n viuà _fw-fr voce_fw-mi but_o by_o tablet_n for_o the_o great_a freedom_n and_o impartiality_n of_o the_o proceed_n 3._o proceed_n cic._n de_fw-fr amicit._n &_o pro_fw-la plancio_n &_o de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o cassia_n lex_n enact_v about_o two_o year_n after_o command_a that_o in_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v in_o a_o free_a manner_n that_o be_v by_o tabler_n laelio_n tabler_n cic._n in_o laelio_n papiria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papirius_n carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 621._o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la about_o the_o pass_a or_o reject_v of_o law_n the_o suffrage_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n 3._o tablet_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o celia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n coelius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 635_o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n before_o the_o people_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o have_v be_v except_v by_o the_o cassian_n law_n the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n ibid._n tablet_n id._n ibid._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o former_a order_v that_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o by_o lot_n to_o give_v their_o vote_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o class_n casarem_fw-la class_n sallust_n in_o orat._n 2._o ad_fw-la casarem_fw-la maria_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n marius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 634._o order_v the_o bridge_n or_o long_a plank_n on_o which_o the_o people_n stand_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n to_o be_v make_v narrow_a that_o no_o other_o person_n may_v stand_v there_o to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n by_o appeal_n or_o other_o disturbance_n mario_n disturbance_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o plut._n in_o mario_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 565._o ordain_v
in_o any_o war_n without_o the_o express_a order_n of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n pâ—slâ—um_fw-la people_n ibid._n &_o pro_fw-la pâ—slâ—um_fw-la julia_n lex_fw-la secunda_fw-la the_o author_n the_o same_o julius_n caesar_n in_o his_o dictatorship_n ordain_v that_o no_o praetorian_a province_n shall_v be_v hold_v above_o a_o year_n and_o no_o consular_a province_n more_o than_o two_o year_n 3._o year_n cicero_n philipp_n 3._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o all_o syria_n babylon_n and_o persia_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o gabinius_n the_o consul_n and_o macedon_n achaia_n thessaly_n greece_n and_o boeotia_n to_o his_o colleague_n piso_n with_o the_o proconsular_a power_n and_o that_o a_o sum_n shall_v be_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o the_o treasury_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o march_n thither_o with_o a_o army_n sextio_fw-la army_n cicero_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la vatinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n vatinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 694._o ordain_v that_o the_o command_n of_o all_o gallia_n cisalpina_n and_o illyricum_n shall_v be_v confer_v on_o caesar_n for_o five_o year_n together_o without_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n and_o without_o the_o formality_n of_o cast_v lot_n that_o the_o particular_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n shall_v go_v with_o he_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o legati_fw-la without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o army_n to_o be_v send_v with_o he_o shall_v be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v transplant_v a_o colony_n into_o the_o town_n of_o novocomum_fw-la in_o gallia_n jugurth_n gallia_n cicero_n in_o vaâ—iaâ—um_n &_o pro_fw-la balbo_n sueton._n in_o jâ—lio_n sallust_n in_o jugurth_n clodia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-fr cypro_n the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o the_o island_n cyprus_n shall_v be_v reduce_v into_o a_o roman_a province_n that_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o cyprus_n shall_v be_v public_o expose_v to_o sale_n habit_v in_o all_o his_o regal_a ornament_n and_o his_o good_n in_o like_a manner_n sell_v by_o auction_n that_o m._n cato_n shall_v be_v send_v with_o the_o praetorian_a power_n into_o cyprus_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o sell_v the_o king_n effect_n and_o convey_v the_o money_n to_o rome_n consular_fw-la rome_n cicero_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la de_fw-fr provin_n consular_fw-la trebonia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n trebonius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 698._o decree_a the_o chief_a command_n in_o gallia_n to_o caesar_n five_o year_n long_o than_o have_v be_v order_v by_o the_o vatinian_a law_n and_o so_o deprive_v the_o senate_n of_o the_o power_n of_o recall_v he_o and_o substitute_v another_o general_n in_o his_o room_n 105._o room_n cicero_n lib._n 8_o 9_o 10._o epist_n ad_fw-la attic._n florus_n epit._n liv._o lib._n 105._o titia_n lex_fw-la bare_o mention_v by_o cicero_n muranâ_fw-la cicero_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la muranâ_fw-la and_o not_o explain_v by_o manutius_n or_o rosinus_n the_o purport_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n shall_v take_v their_o place_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o praetor_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o which_o we_o find_v it_o chap._n xxix_o leges_fw-la agrariae_n or_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o division_n of_o land_n among_o the_o people_n cassius_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n sp._n cassius_n viscellinus_n consul_n with_o proculus_n virginius_n a._n 267._o ordain_v that_o the_o land_n take_v from_o the_o hernici_n shall_v be_v divide_v half_a among_o the_o latin_n and_o half_a among_o the_o roman_a commons_o 8._o commons_o liv._o lib._n 2._o valer._n mex_n lib._n 9_o cap_n 8._o this_o law_n do_v not_o hold_v licinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n licinius_n stolo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 377._o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v possess_v above_o five_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o keep_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o head_n of_o great_a or_o five_o hundred_o head_n of_o small_a cattle_n etc._n cattle_n liv._o lib._n 6._o appian_n agellius_n pliny_n paâ—ercul_n plutarch_n etc._n etc._n flaminia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n flaminius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 525._o ordain_v that_o picenum_n a_o part_n of_o gallia_n whence_o the_o senones_n have_v be_v expel_v shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o roman_a soldier_n maj._n soldier_n cicero_n in_o cat._n maj._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la prima_fw-la the_o author_n t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 620._o confirm_v the_o licinian_n law_n and_o require_v all_o person_n who_o hold_v more_o land_n than_o that_o law_n allow_v immediate_o to_o resign_v it_o into_o the_o common_a to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o poor_a citizen_n constitute_v three_o officer_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o business_n etc._n business_n cicero_n pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la plutarch_n etc._n etc._n this_o law_n be_v level_v direct_o against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o rich_a man_n of_o the_o city_n who_o have_v by_o degree_n contrive_v to_o engross_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n to_o themselves_o after_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o cost_v the_o author_n his_o life_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la altera_fw-la prefer_v by_o the_o same_o person_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n attalus_n who_o leave_v the_o roman_a state_n his_o heir_n it_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n find_v in_o that_o king_n treasure_n shall_v be_v bestow_v on_o the_o poor_a citizen_n to_o supply_v they_o with_o instrument_n and_o other_o convenience_n require_v for_o agriculture_n and_o that_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v farm_a at_o a_o annual_a rent_n by_o the_o censor_n which_o rent_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o people_n etc._n people_n cicero_n verr._n 5._o plutarch_n etc._n etc._n thoria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n sp._n thorius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o ordain_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v pay_v any_o rent_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n which_o he_o possess_v and_o regulate_v the_o business_n about_o feed_v cattle_n bruto_fw-la cattle_n cicero_n de_fw-fr orat._n lib._n 2._o &_o in_o bruto_fw-la two_o large_a fragment_n of_o this_o law_n which_o be_v of_o a_o great_a length_n be_v copy_v from_o two_o old_a brazen_a table_n by_o sigonius_n 2._o sigonius_n de_fw-fr antiq._n jure_fw-la ital._n lib._n 2._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n dictator_n and_o consul_n with_o q._n metellus_n a._n 673._o ordain_v that_o the_o land_n of_o proscribe_a person_n shall_v be_v common_a this_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o land_n in_o tuscany_n about_o volaterrae_n and_o fesulae_n which_o sylla_n divide_v among_o his_o soldier_n catiline_n soldier_n cicero_n in_o rullum_fw-la pro_fw-la roscio_n sallust_n in_o catiline_n servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n servilius_n rullus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 690._o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o cicero_n and_o antony_n contain_v many_o particular_n about_o sell_v several_a house_n field_n etc._n etc._n that_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a for_o the_o purchase_n land_n in_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n about_o create_v ten_o man_n to_o be_v supervisor_n of_o the_o business_n and_o abundance_n of_o other_o head_n several_a of_o which_o be_v repeat_v by_o cicero_n in_o his_o three_o oration_n extant_a against_o this_o law_n by_o which_o he_o hinder_v it_o from_o pass_v flavia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n flavius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 693._o about_o divide_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o land_n among_o pompey_n soldier_n and_o the_o commons_o 1._o commons_o cicero_n ad_fw-la attic._n lib._n 1._o julia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n julius_n caesar_n consul_n with_o bibulus_n a._n 691_o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o land_n in_o campania_n which_o use_v former_o to_o be_v farm_a at_o a_o set_a rent_n of_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o commons_o as_o also_o that_o all_o member_n of_o senate_n shall_v swear_v to_o confirm_v this_o law_n and_o to_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o opposer_n cicero_n call_v this_o lex_n campana_n 18._o campana_n velleius_n patero_n lib._n 2._o plutarch_n in_o pâ—mp_n caes_n &_o cat._n uticens_fw-la ad_fw-la attic._n lib._n 2._o epist_n 18._o mamilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n mamilius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o jugurthan_a war_n ordain_v that_o in_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o land_n there_o shall_v be_v leave_v five_o or_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n which_o no_o person_n shall_v convert_v to_o his_o private_a use_n and_o that_o commissioner_n shall_v be_v appoint_v to_o regulate_v this_o affair_n leg._n affair_n cicero_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr leg._n from_o this_o law_n de_fw-fr limitibus_fw-la the_o author_n take_v the_o surname_n of_o limentanus_n as_o he_o be_v call_v by_o sallust_n jugurth_n sallust_n in_o bell._n
the_o field_n and_o combat_n for_o renown_n the_o chess-man_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v general_o of_o wax_n or_o glass_n their_o common_a name_n be_v calculi_fw-la or_o latrunculi_fw-la the_o poet_n sometime_o term_v they_o latrones_fw-la whence_o latrunculus_fw-la be_v at_o first_o derive_v for_o latro_n among_o the_o ancient_n signify_v at_o first_o a_o servant_n as_o the_o word_n knave_n in_o english_a and_o afterward_o a_o soldier_n seneca_n have_v mention_v this_o play_n often_o perhaps_o then_o any_o other_o roman_a author_n particular_o in_o one_o place_n he_o have_v a_o very_a remarkable_a story_n in_o which_o he_o design_n to_o give_v we_o a_o example_n of_o wonderful_a resolution_n and_o contempt_n of_o death_n though_o some_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o interpret_v it_o as_o on_o instance_n of_o insensible_a stupidity_n the_o story_n be_v this_o one_o canius_n julius_n who_o he_o extol_v very_o much_o on_o other_o account_n have_v be_v sentence_v to_o death_n by_o caligula_n the_o centurion_n come_v by_o with_o the_o tribe_n of_o malefactor_n and_o order_v he_o to_o bear_v they_o company_n to_o execution_n happen_v to_o find_v he_o engage_v at_o this_o game_n canius_n upon_o his_o first_o summons_n present_o fall_v to_o count_v his_o man_n and_o bid_v his_o antagonist_n be_v sure_a not_o to_o brag_v false_o of_o the_o victory_n after_o his_o death_n he_o only_o desire_v the_o centurion_n to_o bear_v witness_n that_o he_o have_v one_o man_n upon_o the_o board_n more_o than_o his_o companion_n and_o so_o very_o ready_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o poor_a wretch_n that_o be_v go_v to_o suffer_v 14._o suffer_v seneca_n de_fw-fr tranquill._n animi_fw-la cap_n 14._o but_o the_o large_a and_o most_o accurate_a account_n of_o the_o latrunculi_fw-la give_v we_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o poem_n to_o piso_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v ovid_n other_o lucan_n and_o many_o the_o work_n of_o a_o unknown_a author_n 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their_o near_a relation_n â—_o relation_n plin._n n._n h._n lib._n 35._o cap._n 2._o â—_o before_o the_o corpse_n of_o prince_n or_o some_o extraordinary_a person_n not_o only_o the_o effigy_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o the_o statue_n too_o of_o other_o great_a man_n be_v bear_v in_o state_n thus_o augustus_n order_v six_o hundred_o bed_n of_o image_n to_o be_v carry_v before_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o marcellus_n and_o sylla_n the_o dictator_n have_v no_o less_o than_o six_o thousand_o 11._o thousand_o servius_n in_o aen._n 11._o beside_o all_o this_o such_o as_o have_v be_v eminent_a for_o their_o achievement_n in_o war_n and_o gain_v any_o considerable_a conquest_n have_v the_o image_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o have_v subdue_v or_o the_o city_n they_o have_v take_v or_o the_o spoil_n win_v in_o battle_n as_o dionysius_n 8._o dionysius_n lib._n 8._o report_v in_o the_o funeral_n of_o coriolanus_n and_o dio_n 56._o dio_n lib._n 56._o in_o that_o of_o augustus_n this_o custom_n virgil_n allude_v to_o in_o the_o funeral_n of_o pallas_n multaque_fw-la praetereà _fw-la laurentis_fw-la
praemia_fw-la pugnae_fw-la aggerat_fw-la &_o longo_fw-la praedam_fw-la jubet_fw-la ordine_fw-la duci_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o indutosque_fw-la jubet_fw-la truncos_fw-la hostilibus_fw-la armis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la far_o deuce_n inimicaque_fw-la nomina_fw-la figi_fw-la the_o lictor_n too_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o procession_n go_v before_o the_o corpse_n to_o carry_v the_o fasces_fw-la and_o other_o ensign_n of_o honour_n which_o the_o decease_a have_v a_o right_a to_o in_o his_o life-time_n it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o the_o rod_n be_v not_o now_o carry_v in_o the_o ordinary_a posture_n but_o turn_v quite_o the_o contrary_a way_n as_o tacitus_n report_v in_o the_o funeral_n of_o germanicus_n 3._o germanicus_n annal_n 3._o hence_o albinovanus_n in_o the_o funeral_n of_o drusus_n quos_fw-la primùm_fw-la vidi_fw-la fasces_fw-la in_fw-la funere_fw-la vidi_fw-la et_fw-la vidi_fw-la versos_fw-la indiciumque_fw-la mali_fw-la we_o may_v now_o go_v on_o to_o the_o person_n who_o bear_v the_o bier_n or_o the_o funeral-bed_n and_o these_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o near_a relation_n or_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o decease_a hence_o horace_n book_n 2._o sat._n 5._o cadaver_n vnctum_fw-la oleo_fw-la largo_fw-la nudis_fw-la humeris_fw-la tulit_fw-la haeres_fw-la and_o juvenal_n sit_v 10._o incolumi_fw-la trojâ_fw-la priamus_n venisset_fw-la ad_fw-la umbras_fw-la assaraci_fw-la magnis_fw-la solemnibus_fw-la hectore_fw-la funus_fw-la portante_fw-la &_o reliquis_fw-la fratrum_fw-la cervicibus_fw-la thus_o they_o report_v of_o metellus_n who_o conquer_v macedon_n that_o ho_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o funeral-pile_n by_o his_o four_o son_n one_o of_o which_o be_v then_o praetor_n the_o other_o three_o have_v be_v all_o consul_n two_o have_v triumph_v and_o one_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o censor_n 7._o censor_n plin._n lib._n 7._o cap._n 44._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o sometime_o person_n who_o have_v deserve_v high_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v bear_v at_o their_o funeral_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o the_o senator_n or_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n thus_o plutarch_n relate_v of_o numa_n suetonius_n of_o julius_n caesar_n 84._o caesar_n cap._n 84._o and_o tacitus_n of_o augustus_n 1._o augustus_n annal._n 1._o and_o the_o very_a stranger_n and_o foreigner_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v at_o rome_n at_o the_o death_n of_o any_o worthy_a person_n be_v very_o desirous_a of_o signify_v their_o respect_n to_o his_o memory_n by_o the_o service_n of_o carry_v the_o funeral-bed_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v bury_v as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o funeral_n of_o paulus_n aemylius_fw-la that_o as_o many_o spaniard_n ligurian_o and_o macedonian_n as_o happen_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o solemnity_n that_o be_v young_a and_o of_o vigorous_a body_n take_v up_o the_o bed_n and_o bear_v it_o to_o the_o pile_n person_n of_o mean_a fortune_n and_o sometime_o great_a man_n too_o if_o they_o be_v hate_v by_o the_o people_n be_v carry_v to_o their_o burial_n by_o the_o vespillone_n or_o sandapilone_n who_o live_v by_o this_o employment_n thus_o suetonius_n 17_o suetonius_n cap._n 17_o and_o eutropius_n 7._o eutropius_n lib._n 7._o relate_v of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n therefore_o in_o this_o last_o way_n of_o bear_v out_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o to_o have_v use_v the_o sandapila_n or_o common_a bier_n as_o in_o the_o former_a the_o lecticae_fw-la or_o lecti_fw-la the_o litter_n or_o bed_n this_o bier_n be_v what_o horace_n and_o lucan_n call_v vilis_fw-la arca._n angustis_fw-la ejecta_fw-la cadavera_fw-la cellis_fw-la conservus_fw-la vili_fw-la portanda_fw-la locabat_fw-la in_o arcâ_fw-la hor._n l._n 1._o s._n 8._o dam_fw-la vilem_fw-la magno_fw-la plebeii_fw-la funeris_fw-la arcam_fw-la quae_fw-la lacerum_fw-la corpus_fw-la siccos_fw-la effundat_fw-la in_o ignes_fw-la luc._n lib._n 8._o it_o be_v worth_a observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o bier_n or_o bed_n be_v cover_v and_o sometime_o not_o it_o be_v expose_v open_a if_o the_o party_n have_v die_v a_o natural_a death_n and_o be_v not_o very_o much_o deform_v by_o the_o change_n and_o therefore_o now_o and_o then_o they_o use_v to_o paint_v the_o face_n especial_o of_o woman_n to_o make_v they_o appear_v with_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o sight_n dio_fw-mi tell_v we_o in_o the_o life_n of_o nero_n that_o he_o daub_v the_o body_n of_o britannicus_n over_o with_o a_o sort_n of_o whitewash_a to_o hinder_v the_o blueness_n of_o the_o flesh_n and_o such_o other_o mark_v of_o the_o poison_n from_o be_v discover_v but_o a_o great_a rain_n fall_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o procession_n wash_v off_o the_o paint_n and_o expose_v the_o fatal_a token_n to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n but_o in_o case_n the_o visage_n be_v very_o much_o distort_v or_o upon_o some_o other_o account_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v show_v they_o throw_v a_o cover_v over_o the_o bed_n thus_o paterculus_n report_v that_o scipio_n africanus_n be_v carry_v forth_o to_o burial_n velato_fw-la capite_fw-la 2._o capite_fw-la lib._n 2._o sometime_o too_o when_o the_o face_n or_o head_n have_v be_v miserable_o bruise_v as_o if_o the_o fall_n of_o a_o house_n or_o some_o such_o accident_n have_v occasion_v the_o party_n death_n they_o use_v to_o enclose_v the_o head_n and_o face_n in_o a_o masque_n to_o hinder_v they_o from_o appear_v and_o the_o funeral_n in_o which_o this_o be_v practise_v they_o term_v larvata_fw-la funera_fw-la but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n be_v those_o that_o follow_v the_o corpse_n these_o in_o private_a funeral_n be_v seldom_o many_o beside_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a in_o a_o will_v to_o bestow_v legacy_n upon_o such_o and_o such_o person_n upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v appear_v at_o the_o funeral_n and_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n but_o at_o the_o indictive_a or_o public_a funeral_n the_o whole_a city_n flock_v together_o upon_o the_o general_n invitation_n and_o summons_n the_o magistrate_n and_o senator_n be_v not_o want_v at_o the_o procession_n nor_o even_o the_o priest_n themselves_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o funeral_n of_o numa_n describe_v by_o plutarch_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o habit_n and_o gesture_n of_o the_o mourner_n or_o of_o the_o relation_n and_o other_o that_o follow_v the_o corpse_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n unnecessary_a for_o the_o weep_a the_o bitter_a complaint_n against_o the_o god_n the_o let_v loose_a the_o hair_n or_o sometime_o cut_v it_o off_o the_o change_v the_o habit_n and_o the_o lay_v aside_o the_o usual_a ornament_n be_v all_o too_o well_o know_v to_o need_v any_o explication_n yet_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n singular_a in_o these_o subject_n which_o deserve_v our_o far_a notice_n thus_o they_o do_v not_o only_o tear_v or_o cut_v off_o their_o hair_n but_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o breast_n or_o sometime_o on_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o decease_a friend_n hence_o ovid_n of_o the_o sister_n of_o narcissus_n planxere_fw-la sorores_fw-la naiades_n &_o sectos_fw-la fratri_fw-la imposuere_fw-la capillos_fw-la and_o statius_n theb._n 7._o tergoque_fw-la &_o pectore_fw-la fusam_fw-la caesariem_fw-la ferro_fw-la minuit_fw-la sectisque_fw-la jacentis_fw-la obnubit_fw-la tenuia_fw-la ora_fw-la comis_fw-la it_o be_v not_o less_o observable_a that_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o their_o parent_n the_o son_n go_v cover_v on_o their_o head_n and_o the_o daughter_n uncover_v perhaps_o only_o to_o recede_v as_o far_o as_o possible_a from_o their_o ordinary_a habit._n yet_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o in_o order_v the_o son_n to_o cover_v their_o head_n at_o such_o solemnity_n they_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o always_o wear_v something_o on_o their_o head_n when_o they_o worship_v the_o god_n and_o especial_o when_o they_o be_v present_a at_o a_o sacrifice_n the_o original_a and_o ground_n of_o this_o superstition_n be_v most_o admirable_o give_v by_o virgil_n in_o the_o prophet_n helenus_n his_o instruction_n to_o aeneas_n quin_fw-la ubi_fw-la transmissae_fw-la steterint_fw-la trans_fw-la aequora_fw-la class_n et_fw-la positis_fw-la aris_fw-la jam_fw-la vota_fw-la in_o littore_fw-la solve_v purpureo_n velare_fw-la comas_fw-la adopertus_fw-la amictu_fw-la nequa_n inter_fw-la sanctos_fw-la ignes_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la deorum_fw-la hostilis_fw-la facies_fw-la occurrat_fw-la &_o omina_fw-la turbet_fw-la hunc_fw-la socii_fw-la morem_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la hunc_fw-la ipse_fw-la teneto_fw-la hà c_fw-la casti_fw-la maneant_fw-la in_o relligione_fw-la nepotes_fw-la aen._n 3._o as_o to_o the_o mourn_a habit_n it_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v 7._o observe_v book_n 5._o chap._n 7._o that_o the_o senator_n sometime_o on_o these_o occasion_n go_v attire_v like_o knight_n the_o magistrate_n like_o senator_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o common_a where_fw-mi for_o mourn_a be_v black_n but_o we_o may_v far_o remark_n that_o though_o this_o be_v the_o ordinary_a colour_n to_o express_v their_o grief_n use_v alike_o by_o both_o sex_n yet_o after_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o abundance_n of_o party-colour_n come_v in_o