Reprobation of sinners issues from the Sovereignty and Justice thereof The Reprobation of sin is universal and without any distinction of persons God hates sin where-ever it be be it in his own beloved Jedidiahs 't is an abominable thing such as his soul abhorrs but the Reprobation of sinners is particular Esau and not Jacob was hated Judas and not Peter was a Son of perdition Indeed he that denies particular Reprobation must by necessary consequence deny particular Election and he that asserts an Election of some individual persons doth in eodem rationis signo assert a Reprobation of others 2. What are they for Quality I answer in two particulars 1. Reprobation as to the first and second Acts thereof viz. Preterition and Permission of final sin respects them as lying in the corrupt Mass. This appears by those Names and Titles whereby Reprobation is set forth and described in Scripture there 't is hatred and God hates none but sinners 't is hardening and God hardens none but such as are in a corrupt estate 't is abjection or casting away and God doth not cast away an upright one or a man standing in integrity 't is not knowing and God knows and approves every sinless creature 't is not shewing mercy and that supposes men to lie in a state of misery or else they are not capable of mercy or the denial thereof Wherefore I conceive that in Preterition and Permission of final sin men are considered as lying in a corrupt and undone Condition 2. Reprobation as to its third Act viz. the decreeing of Damnation respects them as final sinners 'T is true every sin as sin is in it self intrinsecally meritorious of Damnation but through Gospel Grace in Jesus Christ no sin but such as is final doth actually produce Damnation God condemns none but for final sin and decrees to condemn none but for it Those vessels of wrath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fitted to destruction Rom. 9. 22. are as I take it final sinners only Great sinners may be vessels of Mercy and repent unto Life Eternal but final sinners are vessels of Wrath and fitted to destruction God swears by his life that he hath no pleasure in the death of the wicked Ezek. 33. 11. not unless he be a final sinner in whom there is no true turning or repenting not in such a way as to leave no place or room at all for Conversion for the sinners turn is in the Text opposed to his death and opposed as a thing more destrable to God than his death Should the Decree of Damnation objectively terminate on a sinner merely as a sinner there could be no place or room for Repentance but if it terminate on him as a final sinner there is no such obstruction at all Wherefore I conceive that as God condemns none but for final sin so he decrees to condemn none but for the same and by consequence that Decree respects them as final sinners that is they are first considered as final sinners and then the Decree of Damnation terminates on them Object But here an Objection meets me God condemns none but final sinners and decrees to condemn none but such yet hence it follows not that the Decree of Damnation respects them as final Sinners or that they were considered as such antecedently to that Decree for God saves none but final believers and decrees to save none but such yet from thence it follows not that the Decree of Salvation respects them as final Believers or that they were considered as such antecedently to that Decree for as hath been laid down before Faith and Salvation are comprized in one and the same Decree and therefore there is no antecedency of Faith to Salvation in the very Decree but only in the execution thereof Answ. To which Objection I answer That between the two Cases there is a triple difference which if considered will make it appear that the consequence which fails in the one case doth hold good in the other 1. These two Propositions God decrees to save none but final Believers and God decrees to damn none but final Sinners must be taken in a different meaning When we say God decrees to save none but final Believers the meaning is not final Believers so preconsidered antecedently to that Decree for Faith and Salvation are comprized in one Decree but final Believers so to be made by force of that Decree But when we say God decrees to damn none but final Sinners the meaning is not final Sinners so to be made by force of that Decree for God's Decree makes no man a final Sinner but final Sinners so preconsidered antecedently to that Decree Wherefore from that Proposition God decrees to save none but final Believers it cannot be concluded that the Decree of Salvation respects them as final Believers but because of the different meaning from that other Proposition God decrees to damn none but final Sinners it may be rightly concluded that the Decree of Damnation respects them as final Sinners 2. There is an immediate contact between Grace and Glory hence these two may very aptly be comprized in one Decree and if so final Faith is not preconsidered to the Decree of Salvation But between Preterition or Permission of sin and Damnation there is no immediate contact for the Act of the Creature even his final sin comes between hence Preterition or Permission and Damnation cannot according to our understanding be congruously comprized in one Decree but in distinct Decrees and if so final sin is preconsidered to the Decree of Damnation For no sooner doth the Decree of Preterition and Permission pass in the divine Will but therein as in a Glass there is a Prescience of final Sin and thereupon passes the Decree of Damnation But you 'l say Neither is there such an immediate contact between Grace and Glory as you assert for between the donation of Grace and Glory the act of the Creature viz. final Faith doth intervene I answer 'T is true it doth intervene but as a fruit or effect of that Donation it doth intervene but that Donation hath a Causal influence and attingency into the Creatures Act and its Perseverance wherefore it so intervenes as not to break the immediate contact in the least measure But between Preterition or Permission and Damnation the Creatures Act viz. final Sin doth intervene not as an effect of Preterition or Permission but as a fruit of man's corrupted and depraved Will and that intervention cannot stand with an immediate contact Wherefore there being distinct Decrees first Preterition and Permission are decreed and then upon the prescience of final Sin Damnation 3. The third difference is that of the Apostle The wages of sin is death but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord Rom. 6. 23. Eternal Life is a gift freely given therefore the consideration of final Faith is not a prerequisite to the Decree of Salvation But Death is wages exacted by the
it stands in the Law absolutely is Death punishment as it stands there in relation to a finite Creature is eternal Death the first was really suffered by Christ and the second could not be justly exacted of him for he paid down the whole sum of Sufferings all at once and so swallowed up Death in victory As to that of the Worm I answer the Worm attends not Sin imputed but Sin inherent 't is bred out of the putrefaction of Conscience and that putrefaction is from the in-being of Sin Now Christ being withot spot suffered punishment not as it follows Sin inherent but as it follows Sin imputed and so he suffered the same punishment for the main as was due to us 3. Christ suffered this punishment in our stead he died 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for us Rom. 5. 8. and which is more emphatical 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in stead of many Matth. 20. 28. the Particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth sometimes in Scripture signifie only the utility or benefit of another but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 properly imports a Subrogation or Substitution of one in the Room of another and so Christ as our Surety died in our room or stead Hence the Apostle argues thus If one died for all 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 then all died 2 Cor. 5. 15. all died in the death of one in as much as that one died as the Surety of all Hence our Sins were condemned in his flesh Rom. 8. 3. and so condemned there that upon Gospel terms they are remitted to us But unless he had stood in our room divine Justice could neither have adjudged him to punishment nor yet have admitted us to an absolution from Sin 4. Suffering thus in our stead he satisfied both God's vindictive Justice and minatory Law 1. He satisfied God's vindictive Justice God is a righteous God a God that loveth righteousness and hateth iniquity nay he so perfectly hateth it that his pure eyes cannot look upon it and his righteous hands cannot but punish it he will by no means clear the guilty Exod. 34. 7. not unless his Justice be satisfied for he is a righteous judge 2 Tim. 4. 8. so righteous that he cannot but do right Gen. 18. 25. his judgment is righteous judgment Rom. 3. 8. and every sin must have a righteous recompense Heb. 2. 2. and no wonder for Sin is an horrible Ataxy and God will not inordinatum dimittere the subjection of a rational Creature to its Creator is indispensable God whilest God must be above and the Creature whilest a Creature below and this dependance so far as it is broken off by Sin must be salved up by punishment or else God loses his dominion over his Creature This is that which the Apostle calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the righteousness of God Rom. 1. 32. and this is so naturally in him that the very Heathens knew it by the light of Nature The Viper upon Paul's hand made the Barbarians cry out of a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 28. 4. Now what doth this vindictive Justice require Not precisely that the Sinner himself should be punished for then Redemption should be impossible but that the Sin should be punished and so it was in Christ he for our debt was cast into Prison and paid every farthing of it The damned in Hell pay a little and a little and can never satisfie but he paid down the total sum of Sufferings all at once they are always striving with God's wrath but he wrastled with it and prevailed Hence in Isai. 49. Ver. 3. he is called Israel a Prince with God His Sufferings were so satisfactory to divine Justice that the pains of death could not hold him Acts 2. 24. neither could the Prison of Wrath detain him Isai. 53. 8. and all because there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a redemption of transgressions Heb. 9. 15. that is a compensation or satisfaction made to divine Justice for them I go to my Father saith he and ye shall see me no more Joh. 16. 10. Justice did not stop him in his passage to Heaven neither did his Father send him back again to mend his work You shall see me no more no more bleeding under the burthen of Sin no more paying down sufferings to divine Justice for all 's discharged and to assure us of it God who received the sum pawns Heaven and Earth in mortgage that he will forgive our Sins without any further satisfaction Jer. 31. 34 35 36. By all which it appears that Justice was fully satisfied But here 't will be objected That the innocent should suffer for the nocent is unjust that which is such cannot satisfie Justice I answer 'T is unjust if the innocent suffer compulsorily but not if he suffer freely 't is unjust if the innocent sink under his sufferings but not if he be able to bear them 't is unjust if there be no good in his sufferings commensurate to the evil but not if the evil be exceeded by the subsequent good 't is unjust if the innocent stand in no relation to the nocent for whom he suffers but not if he stand in relation to him Suppose a natural relation Saul's Sons were hanged up for Saul's sins 2 Sam. 21. 9. Suppose a political relation seventy thousand fall for David's sin 2 Sam. 24. 15. which makes him cry out Lo I have sinned but these sheep what have they done Suppose a voluntary relation Sureties must pay for their Principals and that not only in Money-matters but in Capital punishments thus the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 engaged life for life which the Apostle seems to insinuate in that passage Peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die Rom. 5. 7. and why then may not Christ who by all these ways is conjoin'd to us naturally as a Man legally as a Surety and mystically as a Head justly suffer for us Especially seeing there was free Action in his Passion victorious Strength under his Burthen and the penal Evil crowned by such a grand Good as Redemption is why may not he justly suffer for us The Scriptures are positive in it Christ died for the ungodly Rom. 5. 6 the just for the unjust 1 Pet. 3. 18. and one for all 2 Cor. 5. 14. Wherefore if humane Reason will not subscribe it fights against God himself 2. He satisfied the Minatory Law for this is no other than the voice of vindictive Justice uttering Death and a Curse against Sinners and to satisfie this he died and died an accursed Death in their room But you 'l say though he died for us yet the Law is not satisfied because it requires that the Sinner himself should die thou shalt die the death Gen. 2. 17. and cursed is he that doth not all the words of this Law Deut. 27. 26. in which places he and thou relate to the person of the Sinner and therefore though Vindictive Justice as in it self might have been satisfied with punishing Sin
full of mercy as he is he could not forgive in a way opposite either to his Justice which in its nature calls for satisfaction for Sin or to his Truth which in the Law pronounces death on the Sinner but Justice and Truth being satisfied by Christ's death he is ready to forgive The mercy-seat was covered with a cloud of incense Levit. 16. 13. and the reason there rendred is very remarkable lest he that was before it should die What die before the Mercy-seat Yes even there unless the Merits of Christ be as a Cloud round about it Mercy as of it self alone would not save us but every Sinner must have died before it had it not been surrounded with the Incense of Christ's Merits God out of Christ is a consuming Fire to Sinners but in Christ he is reconciling them to himself The second is wrought by Christ's death as applied by Faith therefore 't is called propitiation through faith in his blood Rom. 3. 25. and both these were typified by the sprinkling of the blood of the Sacrifice under the Law That blood was sprinkled on the mercy-seat Levit. 16. 15. prefiguring the first degree of Reconciliation by Christ's death in it self and it was sprinkled on the people Exod. 24. 8. prefiguring the second degree of Reconciliation by Christ's death as applied to us by Faith But you 'l say If God be first angry and then reconciled and reconciled by degrees there must be a change in God and his Will which cannot be admitted I answer that Reconciliation is not an immanent Act but a transient not so properly abiding in God as passing from him upon the Creature As when the Scripture saith the Wrath of God at such a time was kindled or arose 't is not meant that the Will of God was novelly inflamed but that the flame of wrath then broke forth in transient effects from thence so when it saith God is reconciled it imports not a cooling alteration in the Will of God but a gracious effluxion of Love breaking out from thence As in punishment wrath goes out from the Lord against sinners Num. 16. 46. and is upon them 2 Chron. 29. 8. So in reconciliation Love goes out from the Lord towards Believers and is upon them so that the change is not in God but in the Creature Proportionably to the nature of Reconciliation as a transient Act Christ reconcileth us unto God not by making a new Will in God but by doing his Will for so he himself saith when he came about the work Loe I come to do thy will O God God's Will as to this point may be considered under a double notion either as naturally pregnant with Vindictive Justice and decretively issuing out the Minatory Law both requiring that Sin if committed should be punished or else as decreeing within it self the way and manner how this Justice Law should be satisfied by a Surety in order to the Redemption of sinners Now Christ perfectly fulfilled God's Will in all these respects in him our Sins were punished according to the exaction of Justice and the equitable interpretation of the Law and that in such a way as was preordained by God's Will for our Redemption This Will being thus satisfied God is truly reconciled not only as the Socinian would have it we reconciled to him but he to us and this appears in three things 1. In that Sin is not objected before God's Will as it would have been had not Christ satisfied it would have been objected before it as that just cause for which God might nay according to the naturality of his Justice and veracity of his Law must have punished us Sinners to all Eternity But now it is not so objected before it for albeit there be an intrinsecal and inseparable desert of wrath in the nature of it yet now its obligation or redundancy upon the Sinner appears not because expiated in the Surety this the Apostle calls the reconciling of sin Heb. 2. 17. Without Christ's death Sin like a fury would have cried and clamoured for wrath and vengeance to be poured down on the Sinner but through his death Sin as one reconciled hath nothing to say against him but that he may have Life and Salvation on Gospel-terms 2. In that the effects of wrath do not issue out from God's Will against the Sinner as they would have done God who is infinite Holiness and essential Rectitude cannot but hate Sin and in this hatred there is nothing less than a velle punire and from thence condign punishment must have poured down upon the Sinner if it had not by the Will of God been derived upon the Surety but being derived thither that righteous Will is satisfied and the merited Wrath comes not forth against the Sinner but instead thereof 3. Effects of Love break forth from God's Will towards him Grace appears to all men Tit. 2. 11. to all men in a gracious Reconciliability and to Believers in actual Reconciliation Believers are actually accepted or ingratiated in the beloved Eph. 1. 6. and so shall all others as soon as they become Believers Thus God is truly reconciled yet without any change in his Will only Sin doth not cry to that Will against the Sinner punishment doth not break out of that Will upon him and Grace beams and sparkles out of that Will towards him whilest in all these his Will remains unchangeable Hence in Scripture we are rather said to be reconciled to God than God to us not as the Socinian would have it because we only are reconciled to God and not God to us but because God is reconciled to us in such a way as is not alterative but perfective and completive of his unchangeable Will Thus Christ bore our Sins and God's Wrath in a way so satisfactory to God's Justice and Law that thereby God is reconciled to us and we are redeemed from Sin and Wrath. But here I am obviated by an Objection If there be such a compensatory Price paid for Sin where is free Remission Free Remission cannot stand with plenary Satisfaction what is fully paid cannot be at all remitted I answer It cannot if there be a solution by the Debtor but it may if there be a satisfaction by a Surety it cannot if that Surety were of the Debtors own providing but it may if he were of the Creditour's procuring it cannot if the Suretie's paiment be irrecusable but it may if the Creditor's acceptance be free it cannot if the remission were to the same person who makes satisfaction but it may if one person make satisfaction and another find remission And thus it is in this case our debts were paid to God but by a Surety Jesus Christ and this Surety was of God's own sending and that his payment went for ours was of God's own Grace and hence it comes to pass that God hath full satisfaction and we free remission and this without any repugnancy for Christ who satisfied had no remission
ascended up into heaven he blessed them to shew that the Curse was gone and ascended up into heaven to possess the purchase of Glory and being there he sate down at God's right hand his work was now done and therefore he sate down and his work was now accepted and therefore he sate down at God's right hand there he received gifts for men and from thence he gave them out again he gave out what he received and received what he purchased Christ's Sacrifice was so sweet a favour to God that the Minister who preaches it is a sweet savour to him 2 Cor. 2. 15. and the Believer who accepts it is accepted of him Eph. 1. 6. nay so far accepted that he becomes a Priest Revel 1. 6. and his good works pleasing sacrifices Heb. 13. 16. his prayers are turned into odours Revel 5. 8. and his charity into a sweet smell Phil. 4. 18. and all this by a perfuming touch from Christ's Merits In a word all the Proclamations of Mercy in the Scripture all the Pardons of sin in the Conscience all the Influences of Grace on the Heart and all the Openings of Heaven in the Promises are as so many pregnant proofs unto us that God accepted the Price Thus having shewed what manner of Price this is viz. redemptive from Evil procurative of Good and sufficient for both I pass on to the last Question 3. For whom was this Price paid and this I shall cleave asunder into two Quaeries 1. Whether Christ died for all men 2. Whether he died equally for all men In both which whilest I name the Death of Christ only according to the usual language of Divines I comprehend his whole Obedience Active and Passive whereof his Death was the complement and extreme Act. 1. As to the first Quaere Whether Christ died for all men I answer affirmatively that he did and here I shall do two things 1. I shall lay down the Reasons of my Opinion 2. I shall answer the Objections made against it and in both it will appear how far or in what sence I assert that Christ died for all men 1. I shall lay down my Reasons for it and these are drawn 1. From the Will of God as the Fountain of Redemption 2. From the Covenant of Grace as the Charter of it and the Promises comprized therein 3. From the Ministers Commission who publish it 4. From certain blessings which are the fruits of it 5. From the Unbelief of men which is the denial of it 6. From the fulness and glorious Redundance of Merit in Christ's Death which paid for it 7. From the large and general Expressions in Scripture concerning the same 1. I argue from the Will of God God's Will of salvation as the fontal Cause thereof and Christ's Death as the meritorious Cause thereof are of equal latitude God's Will of Salvation doth not extend beyond Christ's Death for then he should intend to save some extra Christum Neither doth Christ's Death extend beyond God's Will of Salvation for then he should die for some whom God would upon no terms save but these two are exactly coextensive Hence 't is observable that when the Apostle speaks of Christ's Love to the Church he speaks also of his giving himself for it Eph. 5. 25. and when he saith God will have all men to be saved 1 Tim. 2. 4. he saith withal Christ gave himself a ransom for all Ver. 6. Therefore there cannot be a truer Measure of the extent of Christ's Death than God's Will of Salvation out of which the same did issue so far forth as that Will of Salvation extends to all men so far forth the Death of Christ doth extend to all men Now then how far doth God will the Salvation of all Surely thus far that if they believe they shall be saved No Divine can deny it especially seeing Christ himself hath laid it down so positively This is the will of him that sent me saith he that every one which seeth the Son and believeth on him may have everlasting life Joh. 6. 40. Wherefore if God will the Salvation of all men thus far that if they believe they shall be saved then Christ died for all men thus far that if they believe they shall be saved But you 'l say that Promise Whosoever believes shall be saved is but Voluntas signi and not Voluntas beneplaciti which is the adequate Measure of Christ's Death Unto which I answer If that Promise be Voluntas signi what doth it signifie What but God's Will What Will but that good pleasure of his that whosoever believes shall be saved How else is the Sign of the true God a true Sign Whence is that universal connexion betwixt Faith Salvation Is it not a plain efflux or product from the Decree of God Doth not that evidently import a Decree that whosoever believes shall be saved Surely it cannot be a false Sign wherefore so far God's Will of Salvation extends to all men and consequently so far Christ's Death extends to them 2. I argue from the Covenant of Grace and the Promises comprized therein Christ is the Mediatour of the Covenant and the Covenant is the New-testament in his blood Christ's Death doth not extend beyond the Covenant for then there should be less in the Charter than in the Purchase neither doth the Covenant extend beyond Christ's Death for then there should be more in the Charter than in the Purchase but both these run parallel in extent Therefore so far forth as the Covenant extends to all men so far forth the Death of Christ extends to all men Now then for the extent of the Covenant Are not those Promises Whosoever believes shall be saved whosoever will let him take of the water of life freely with the like a part of the Covenant and are they not extensive to all men Both are as plain as if they were written with a Sun-beam Wherefore so far doth Christ's Death extend to all men as the Covenant in any part thereof doth extend unto them Moreover these general Promises undeniably extend to all men and in that extent are infallibly true they are all faithful sayings and words of truth and their truth is sealed up by Christ's Blood wherefore as these Promises extend to all men so the Death of Christ in which they are founded doth extend to all men If Christ did no way die for all men which way shall the truth of these general Promises be made out Whosoever will may take the water of life What though Christ never bought it for him Whosoever believes shall be saved What though there were no 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 no Price paid for him Surely the Gospel knows no Water of Life but what Christ purchased nor no way of Salvation but by a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Price paid But you 'l say that albeit Christ died not for all men yet are those general Promises very true and that because their truth is founded
the same to their own destruction Oh! what rare Perfections did he set up in the Angels and yet he eternally foresaw a great part of them apostatizing and dropping to Hell What an excellent Image of Holiness did he stamp upon Adam and yet he eternally foresaw him falling and breaking all his Glory by the the Fall what waitings of Patience wooings of the Gospel and touches of the holy Spirit doth he dispense to such men as he eternally foresaw would abuse all these and yet in all this God's Wisdom suffers not The very same I may say of Christ's dying for such as abuse this great blessing neither is there here any failing in the efficacious Will of God for he wills that the Elect shall believe and be saved and he wills that the rest shall be saved if they believe and both these Wills are accomplished the first in the Event of Faith and Salvation and the latter in the Connexion between Faith and Salvation even as to all men God may be said to will the Salvation of men through Christ's Death two ways either because he wills that Christ's Death should be a Price infallibly procuring their Faith and Salvation or else because he wills that there should be in Christ's Death an aptness and sufficiency to save them on Gospel-terms the former Will points only at the Elect and is fulfilled in their Grace and Glory the latter extends to all men and is fulfilled in the aptness and sufficiency of Christ's Death to save them on Gospel-terms in both God's Will hath its effect Neither lastly is there any loss in Christ's purchase for what did he purchase As for the Elect he purchased Faith and Salvation and as for the rest he purchased Salvation on Gospel-terms in both he hath what he paid for for the Elect believe and are saved and the rest may be saved if they believe therefore when men by their Unbelief barr themselves of the benefit of Christ's Death and make him in that respect cry out I have laboured in vain yet he adds surely my judgment is with the Lord Isai. 49. 4. as if he had said For all this never a drop of my Blood is irrationally shed for God with whom my judgment is knows that I purchased Salvation for them on Gospel-terms although they by their Unbelief deprive themselves of the benefit of the Purchase If final Unbelievers should be saved Christ should have more than his Purchase but if they are not saved he hath no less for he purchased Salvation for them on Gospel-terms which they do not perform through their own voluntary Unbelief Object 6. If Christ died for all men then he loves all with the greatest degree of Love for greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends Joh. 15. 13. and this must needs be the greatest degree of love because it draws all other things after it If God gave his own Son for us how shall he not with him freely give us all things Rom. 8. 32 But Christ doth not love all with the greatest degree of love neither doth God give all things to them therefore Christ did not die for all I confess that Christ doth not love all men with the greatest degree of love neither doth God bestow all blessings on them wherefore we must examine these places from whence these Inferences are made As for the first place greater love hath no man than this that a man lay down his life for his friends it doth import one of these two things either it doth import that he that dieth for his friends hath the greatest degree or height of internal love towards them or else it imports that a mans death for his friends is the greatest external effect and proof of his love the first cannot be the meaning of the place for if it be the greatest and most intense degree of love to die for our friends what is it to die for our enemies as Christ did If it be the height and top of love to lay down our lives how can that be done without any love at all as the Apostle supposeth 1 Cor. 13. 3 The Apostle commands us to lay down our lives for the brethren 1 Joh. 3. 16. but when a man doth it he is not to have the same degree of love towards all the Brethren for he is to love those most in whom there is most of God and to whom he is nearest in Nature Jesus Christ laid down his life for all the Elect yet without doubt his love was greater to his Apostles than to ordinary Christians nay and among the Apostles there was one dearly beloved one who lay in his bosom Joh. 13. 23. Wherefore the meaning of the words is not that he that dieth for his friends hath the greatest degree or height of internal love towards them but that such a death is the greatest effect and proof of his love Christ in the 12. Verse exhorted his Disciples to love one another and in this 13. Verse he shews what is the greatest outward evidence of love viz. to die for our friends Now albeit Christ died for all men and that Death was a great and high proof of his Love nothing hinders but that Christ over and besides his common Philanthropy to all may bear a special affection to the Elect the Universality of his Death infers not a Parity in his Love If Jacob had died for all his Sons yet he might have loved Joseph and Benjamin above the rest and left them some special Legacies If Christ died for all men yet he may and doth love his Elect above others and leave some secret Love-tokens upon their hearts As for the second place If God delivered up his Son for us how shall he not with him freely give us all things Rom. 8. 32. the Key to unlock this Text is the word Us Who are the Us in the Text Who but the Elect of God Ver. 33. who according to Election are effectually called Ver. 28. and upon their Callings are justified and glorified Ver. 30 These are the Us in the Text wherefore the plain meaning of it is not that if God gave his Son for all men he would give them all things but that if God gave his Son for the Elect he would give them all things viz. all things necessary to Salvation the Text extends not to all men But you 'l say though the Text extend not to all men yet the Argument doth for if the Argument be good that if God gave his Son for the Elect he would give them all things then the Argument is as good that if God gave his Son for all men he would give them all things I answer that if God's Intention and Love in giving his Son for all were one and the same towards all the consequence were undeniable but seeing God in giving his Son had towards the Elect a special Love and Intention to bestow Grace and Glory on them
through thy truth Joh. 17. 17. for their Perseverance Keep them through thine own name Ver. 11. and for their Glory I will that they be with me where I am to behold my glory Ver. 24. And what he spake for them by his oral Intercession on Earth that he speaks for them by his real Intercession in Heaven Thus Christ doth in a special manner intercede for the Elect which proves that he died for them in a special manner because his Intercession is but the presenting of the Merits of his Death to his Father in Heaven 7. I argue from the Event following upon Christ's Death some men do believe when others draw back and whence comes this distinguishing Faith either it comes merely of Man's Free-will or of God's free Grace if we say the first 't is the very mire and dirt of Pelagianism 't is to set up Free-will as an Idol to cast lots upon Christ's Blood whether any one person in the World shall be saved thereby or not If we say the latter then God and Christ had a special eye upon some above others for God ordained that Christ should be the grand Medium to Salvation and that Faith should be the only way to Christ If then he gave Christ for all and Faith but to some it is because he did in a special way intend their Salvation and consequently Christ who came to do his Fathers Will had in his Death a special respect to them 8. I argue from the special Expressions in Scripture As the Death of Christ is set out there in words of universality so it is set out there in words of special peculiarity Christ died for the elect Rom. 8. 33 34. died for the children of God scattered abroad Joh. 11. 52. gave himself for the Church Eph. 5. 25. gave himself for a peculiar people Tit. 2. 14. laid down his life for the sheep Joh. 10. 15. sanctified himself for the given ones Joh. 17. 9. and 19. purchased the church with his own blood Acts 20. 28. redeemed a people from among men Rev. 14. 4. is a Jesus to his own people Matth. 1. 21. and a saviour to his own body Eph. 5. 23. And is there no Emphasis of Love Are there no strains of free Grace Is there no import of singular respect and affection in all these Expressions We cannot say so without dispiriting the Scripture Experience it self tells us that all are not Christ's Elect Children Church peculiar People Sheep given Ones Body redeemed Ones from among men wherefore when the Scripture saith that he died for these it imports that he died for them in a peculiar manner But you 'l say These Scriptures speak rather of the Application of Christ's Death than the Impetration and though the Impetration be equally for all yet the Application is proper to Believers only I answer that if those Phrases of dying for the elect or children of God giving himself for a church or peculiar People laying down his life for his sheep purchasing the Church with his blood and sanctifying himself for the given ones do not import Impetration I know not what can import it You will reply that these Expressions import not Impetration as it is barely and nakedly in it self but as it hath Application following upon it and this is the Emphasis of them But if these Expressions import Impetration with Application following upon it whether doth that Application follow upon Impetration as a fruit thereof or not if so then Christ merited that Application for the Elect and consequently died in a special manner for them if not then there is no Emphasis of special Love Grace in all those expressions of his dying giving himself sanctifying himself and laying down his life for them for there was no Merit in all this to procure the Application of his Death unto them But let us further enquire what these Elect Children Church peculiar People Sheep given ones and redeemed ones from among men were before or without the Purchase made by Christ were these Elect called and justified without Christ or not If so why did he die for them If not then he died for them that they might be so called and justified Were these children meritoriously begotten by Christ's Blood or not If so then that Blood did more for them than for others if not then they were not the Seed of Christ. Was that Church an actual Church before or without Christ's purchase or was it a Church in his Intention If an actual Church what need he purchase it If a Church in intention then the special design of his Death was to make it an actual Church Was that peculiar People such without the Merit of Christ's Death or not If so why did he give himself for it If not then he gave himself for it that it might be such Were those Sheep brought into Christs fold without his Death or not If so why did he lay down his life for them If not he laid it down to bring them thither Were those given Ones actually sanctified without the virtue of Christs Sacrifice or not If so then why did he sanctifie himself for them If not then he sanctified himself for them that they might be sanctified Were those redeemed from among men redeemed by Christ or not If so then he redeemed them in a special manner if not then they are the redeemed ones of their own Free-will But let the Texts themselves breath forth their own native strains of Love and Grace he so died for the Elect as to effectually call and actually justifie them Rom. 8. 30 33. he so died for his Children as to gather them together into one one Faith on Earth and one fruition in Heaven Joh. 11. 52. he so gave himself for the Church as to make it a glorious Church without spot or wrinkle Eph. 5. 25 27. he so gave himself for his People as to make them his peculiar ones Tit. 2. 14. he so laid down his life for his Sheep as to bring them into his fold and make them hear his voice Joh. 10. 15 16. he so sanctified himself for the given ones as to sanctifie them through the truth Joh. 17. 19. he so redeemed his chosen Ones from among men as to make them first fruits to God and the Lamb Rev. 14. 4. In all these special Scriptures it evidently appears that Christ in his Death had a special respect to his Elect. Wherefore I will shut up all with that of an Ancient Etsi Christus pro omnibus mortuus est pro nobis tamen specialiter passus est quia pro Ecclesia passus est CHAP. IX Of the Work of Conversion HAving passed over Redemption I come to Conversion there we had Christ formed in the Womb here we have him formed in the Heart there we had Christ coming in the Flesh and working miracles on mens Bodies here we have him coming in the Spirit and working miracles in mens Souls there we had Christ
in God's Eternity which is Nunc stans it is sure in God's Immutability which is ever the same and the seal upon all this is God's unerrable and infallible Knowledge including within it unvariable and unchangeable Love to his people God is the Father of lights with whom there is no variableness nor shadow of turning James 1. 17. The visible corporeal Sun rides circuit round the World but whilest he salutes one Hemisphear in the turn he leaves a dark shadow on the other but God is an immutable and supercelestial Sun there can be no shadow in his eternal and unconvertible Light Neither are the various changes among the Creatures shadows cast by any turn in God or his Will but events ordered and disposed by him And because the Apostle speaks in this Verse of perfect gifts and in the next of Regeneration by God's Will therefore there is a further sence in it That if the Father of Lights purpose to make the Day-star arise in any poor Soul his gracious purpose never turns away from that Soul nor leaves it in the dark shadow of Death The Names of the Elect are all indelibly written in God's Book and if the Scripture cannot be dissolved Joh. 10. 35. surely the Book of life must be irrasible Saint Austin on those words Deleantur de libro viventium cum justis non scribantur Psal. 69. 28. raises an Objection si homo dixit Quod scripsi scripsi Deus quemquam scribit delet quomodo isti inde delentur ubi nunquam scripti sunt To which he answers Hoc dictum est secundùm spem ipsorum quia ibi se scriptos putabant Quid est deleantur de libro viventium ipsis constet non illos ibi esse Deleantur ergo secundùm spem ipsorum secundùm autem aequitatem tuam non scribantur In a word whatsoever God doth in his Decrees is immutably the same his Decrees are as Mountains of Brass Zach. 6. 1. unremoveable by any Creature because situate in the Eternal Will The strength or eternity of Israel will not lye or repent 2 Sam. 15. 29. If God's Time cannot lye but will infallibly shew forth the Verity of his Promises and Prophecies surely God's Eternity cannot lye wherein he decrees and knows all The World is full of Vicissitudes Matter is in a perpetual Flux the Glass of Time is running out and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Wheel of Nature is running round but all the while God's Will is immoveable it doth not rowl about with the Heavens rise or set with the Sun or ebb and flow with the Sea but sits King for ever and ever upon the Throne of its own Immobility Apud te Domine rerum omnium instabilium stant causae rerum omnium mutabilium immutabiles manent origines omnium irrationalium temporalium sempiternae vivunt rationes Now besides what hath been said out of Scripture to prove the Immutability of his Decrees these Reasons may be offered 1. The Decrees of God are Immanent and Eternal Acts in God therefore cannot but be Unchangeable God in framing his Decrees non egreditur extra seipsum goes not out from his own Eternity 2. As the Eternity of Futures proves an Eternity in God's Decrees so the Immutability of Futures proves an Immutability in his Decrees If the Decrees which are the Basis of Futurition may be changed then that which was future by the Decree may yet cease to be future sine positione ejus in esse actuali which is impossible If a new Decree be made in succession after a former then the thing decreed begins to be future which is also impossible 3. If the divine Decrees should change Oh! what amazing Changes what an horrible Tempest must needs ensue Must not God's own dwelling-house even his glorious Eternity sink and fall to the ground Non enim est vera Aeternitas ubi oritur nova voluntas nec est immortalis Voluntas quae alia alia est Must not God's eternal Prescience fall a doubting and faltring about every Future Seeing God cannot now know his own works no not a moment before their actual Existence because even then their being may be prevented by a Change in his Will May not eternal Grace and Truth lose their glorious light and Jesus Christ the Sun of Righteousness drop out of the Gospel-orb and all the Starry Promises in the Word and lightsom Comforts in the Saints go out in a moment leaving all in darkness and confusion May not the Evangelical Banquet let down to poor Worms be called back again into Heaven and the precious Blood of Christ return again into its Veins and his Humane Nature be cast away into nothing and every Saint instead of Grace and Peace in his heart may have a Lye in his right hand and lie down in sorrow Nay in such a case must there not fall a Change upon the very Being of God himself And seeing every Change is a kind of Death must not the Deity suffer and as it were die in this Mutation All which astonishing Catastrophes being to be for ever abhorred I conclude that God's Decrees must needs be Immutable as long as there is any Stability in his Eternity Infallibility in his Prescience Sureness in his Grace and Truth or Immortality in his Life or Essence 4. The Decrees of God are crowned with Infallibility as to the Event the Event is so certain that the Spirit of God in Scripture speaks of future things as if they were already done Behold saith Enoch in the morning of the World the Lord cometh with ten thousand of his Saints as if he had been then in the Clouds coming to Judgment Jesus Christ cries out of God forsaking and men piercing him Psal. 22. 1. and 16. as if he had then been upon the Cross with all the wrath of God and fury of men upon him Whom he did predestinate saith St. Paul Rom. 8. 30. them he called whom he called them he justified whom he justified them he glorified he speaks as if all the Elect were already in Heaven Hence God is said to be Isai. 45. 11. as the Sept. there hath it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Maker of things to come the Event is as certain as if it were already done Now for the understanding of this point we must distinguish of Events either they are good things or else evil viz. sins Touching the first the Decree of God is Effective touching the last the Decree of God is Permissive The first come to pass Deo efficiente the last Deo permittente but both do fall out infallibly 1. Those Events which fall under his Effective Decree do fall out infallibly This is clear upon a double Account 1. The Will of God is Causa Causarum an Universal Supreme Cause having all things under it It reigns over all the armies in heaven and the inhabitants of the earth Dan. 4. 35. The poor Sparrow is no more forgotten by it than
of Holiness burning with zeal for God melting in compassions over Men bowing it self down in miraculous humility and in a rape of love doing all the Will of God even to the last gasp upon the Cross. His thoughts were all births of Holiness his words oracles of Truth his works a fulfilling all Righteousness and his meat and drink was to do his Father's Will He ascended up to the top or pinacle of the Moral Law in the sweetest strains of Love and fetched about the breadth or vast compass of it in the largeness of his Obedience and passed down to the very hemm or border of it in the lowness of his Humility Rather than fail he would be subject to his own Creature Luk. 2. 51. pay tribute to his own Subject Matth. 17. 27. and wash his Disciples feet with those very hands which had all the power in Heaven and Earth in them Joh. 13. 3 4 5. Nay he stooped down as low as the fringe of the Ceremonial Law his sinless flesh was circumcised Luke 2. 21. his holy Mother purified Luk. 2. 22. the true Passeover kept the typical one Matth. 26. 20 21. and so obedientially stood under his own shadow In every respect he was obedient unto death His Obedience was a fair Commentary on the whole Law written in glorious Characters of Holiness and Righteousness all his life long and at his death clasped and sealed up with his precious Blood Thus the Mandatory part of the Law was answered now for the Minatory 2. He gave up himself in his passive obedience he was in some sence crucifyed in the womb in that he was made of his creature and coming forth into the world all his life was a perpetual passion The Gospel shews us the immense God in swadling clouts the builder of all things working as a Carpenter the holy one hurried up and down by a tempting Devil the filler of all things hungry the fountain of living water thirsty the power of God weary the eternal joy of the Father weeping the owner of all things extreme poor and not knowing where to lay his head in his own world Thus as a man of sorrows he passes on towards his Cross one of his own Apostles betraying him another denying him the rest forsaking him the chief Priests bloodily conspiring against him false witnesses unjustly accusing him the tumultuous rabble crying out crucify crucify and Pilate first confessing his innocency and then condemning his person And now arriving at his Cross sorrows break in upon every part his head raked with thorns his face besmeared with spittle his eyes afflicted with the tears of friends his ears filled with the blasphemies of enemies his lips of grace wet with vinegar and gall his hands and feet nailed to the Cross and his sacred body hanging between thieves racked and tortured to death in a Golgotha of stench and rottenness But all this is but the outside of his passion at the same time hell was let loose and from thence the Devils as so many roaring Lyons came with open mouth to devour him and which is much more Heaven thundred over his head and the righteous God as angry as our sins could make him fell a smiting of him Isai. 53. 4. and smote him in his Soul too verse 10. and with smiting wounded and bruised him verse 5. the smart and anguish whereof was so great that he was afraid Hebr 5. 7. and his fear was so high that he began 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to faint away and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be sore amazed Mark 14. 33. and in this amazement the Eclipse was so dark that he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 surrounded with sorrows even unto death verse 34. and in this spiritual Siege he falls a praying Father if it be possible let this cup pass from me nevertheless not as I will but as thou wilt Matth. 26. 39. and in prayer he sinks into an agnony His soul became like that poor ship that fell into a place where two seas met the fore-part sticking fast and remaining unmoveable and the hinder-part broken with the violence of the waves Acts 27. 41. Even so here were two seas met a sea of wrath storming against him as our Surety and a sea of love breathing in him after our Redemption His humane will as nature shrunk at the sense of Gods wrath but as reason it stedfastly pointed at the work of our Salvation Redemption stood fast and unmoveable in his heart yet the same heart though without the least spot of sinful contrariety was broken with the waves of amazing horrors and so dreadful was this agony that it cast this grand Heroe the strength of all the Martyrs into a bloody sweat there fell from him great drops of blood Luke 22. 44. The sins of the world ascending up as a vast cloud before Gods Tribunal now came dashing down upon him in an horrible tempest of incomprehensible wrath and this makes him cry nay as the Psalmist hath it Psal. 22. 1. roar out upon the Cross My God! my God! Why hast thou forsaken me Mat. 27. 46. One would have thought at the first blush that the humane nature had been dropt out of his divine person but though that were not yet the sense of Gods favour was for a time suspended from his humane nature Never was sorrow like to his sorrow In all the legal sacrifices there was destructio rei oblatae and all those destructions were summed up in his sufferings As the corn he was bruised as the wine and oil poured out as the Lamb slain and rosted in the fire of Gods wrath and as the scape-goat driven into the dismal wilderness of desertion He did as it were sport in Creation but in Redemption he sweats suffers bleeds and dyes Now his humane nature thus made under the Law both in his active and passive obedience is the complete and integral price of our Redemption I say both in his active and passive obedience for these were not sundred either in existence or merit 1. Not in existence for there was passion in his actions and action in his passions from first to last his obedience was with suffering and his suffering with obedience There was passion in his actions 't was a great suffering for the great Law-giver to be under the Law for the Lord of the Sabbath to observe it The noblest and purest piece of the Law is the knowing and loving of God and yet even in that there was a great suffering for he who eternally knew the Father in an infinity of light now knew him as it were by candle-light in a finite reason he who eternally embraced the Father in an infinity of love now loved him in the narrow compass of a finite will and therefore even in these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he emptied himself as the Apostle speaks Phil. 2. 7. And on the other side there was action in his passion his passions were with knowledge he shut not
his eyes when he drunk off the cup of wrath his passions were free-will offerings Loe I come saith he to do thy will O God Hebr. 10. 7. Gods will was that he should suffer and his will runs before and as it it were anticipates his sufferings Loe I come nay in his passage he breaks out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How am I straitned till it be accomplished Luke 12. 50. He was as it were in pangs of forward obedience to be baptized in his own blood and posted on towards an agony of wrath in an agony of love and when he arrived at his extremest sufferings his signal willingness turned his suffering into doing and his Cross into a triumphant Chariot he triumphed in it saith the Apostle Col. 2. 15. even there his obedience and love rode in triumph triumphant obedience spread out his hands upon the Cross and triumphant love opened his naked heart to the wrath of God His Soul was not snatched away but poured out Isai. 53. 12. his life was not meerly taken away but laid down Joh. 10. 18. He was willing to be forsaken of God himself for a time that thereby he might fulfil the will of God and before the fire of Gods wrath could fall on him he was all in a flame with his own love Thus the active and passive obedience of Christ were not severed in their existence but like his seamless coat were interwoven from the top throughout even to his last gasp upon the Cross. 2. Neither were these severed in merit Christ is not so to be divided as if his sufferings apart by themselves were the price of Remission and his righteousness apart by it self the price of Glory If the active obedience of Christ apart make us perfectly righteous where is the glory of the passive if the passive obedience of Christ apart purchase all for us where is the glory of the active But if both together make up the total sum the glory of both is preserved Our Redeemer was made under the Law that he might redeem us now as he was under the whole Law as to the command and as to the curse of it so his active and passive obedience adequately answering both is the entire price of our Redemption But here I am obviated by 2 Objections 1. Saith the Socinian there is no price at all 2. Say some of our Divines the passive obedience of Christ is all the price and the active no part at all of it As to the first I shall not need spend many words about it because the Scripture is so pregnant in it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ye are bought with a price saith S. Paul 1 Cor. 6. 20. and this price as S. Peter tells us is not corruptible things as Silver and Gold but the precious blood of Christ 1 Pet. 1. 18 19. a transcendent price able to purchase as much nay far more in the spiritual world than silver and gold can in the material and 't is not meerly a price of emption but of Redemption Christ gave his life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a price of Redemption Matth. 20. 28. and which is more emphatical he gave himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a counterprice of Redemption 1 Tim. 2. 6. doing and suffering in the room of poor captives and this price was paid into the right hand viz. into Gods Eph. 5. 2. and hence issues out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proper Redemption the prison doors are opened and the poor captives may go out 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 free indeed John 8. 36. That then there is a price is as clear in Scripture as if it were written with a Sun-beam But yet the Socinian shuts his eyes and cryes out all is but a Metaphor God redeemed saith he Israel out of Egypt and Moses is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 7. 35. and yet there was no price at all paid But alas that ever such vain consequences should drop from the masters of Reason Redemption in some Scriptures is metaphorical therefore 't is so in all Moses was but a naked deliverer therefore Christ is not a proper Redeemer Moses's Redemption was a Redemption by power only therefore Chists Redemption is no Redemption by price Redemption out of the hands of an unjust Pharaoh was without price therefore Redemption out of the hands of a righteous God was so too But on the other side how cogent is the argument If Moses paying down no price was but a naked deliverer then Christ paying down one was a proper Redeemer If I believe that to be but a Metaphorical Redemption because the Scriptures speak of no Price paid for the same pari ratione I must believe this to be a proper Redemption because the Scriptures tell us of a Price If there must be Power to redeem a Captive from humane Oppression surely theremust be a Price to redeem him from divine Justice We were all as Captives locked up under the Curse of the Law and Wrath of God and Christ was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both a Redeemer and a Ransom for us Wherefore concluding that there was a Price I pass on 2. As to the second Objection I conceive that the Active and Passive Obedience of Christ do both together make up the perfect Price of our Redemption I say both together The Active is part of the Sum And this I shall demonstrate 1. In general by those Scriptures which set out the Managery of Redemption Long before our Saviour Christ came about it the Father calls him his servant Isai. 42. 1. and one part of his service was his Active Obedience and just at his entrance into the World he expresses himself Loe I come to do thy will O God Heb. 10. 7. He came in his Incarnation his errand was Redemption and the way to compass it was by doing God's Will and that he did partly in his Active Obedience being come his state was subjection he was made under the Law to redeem us Gal. 4. 4 5. His humane Nature was so far a Price as 't was made under the Law in part as to his Active Obedience this being his state his ear was bored Psal. 40. 6. which the Apostle renders a body was prepared Heb. 10. 5. His humane Nature was as I may so say all Ear to the Commands of God among which one was that he should fulfil Active Obedience this Obedience he fulfilled all along even unto Death nay and in Death and by this entire Obedience accomplished in doing and suffering we are made righteous Rom. 5. 19. and so righteous that the righteousness of the Law is fulfilled in us Rom. 8. 4. and so fulfilled that the Law hath its end Rom. 10. 4. and this so accurately that one jot or tittle doth not pass from the Law but all is fulfilled Matth. 5. 18. In all which series of Scriptures his Active Obedience concurrs as part of the Price 2. In particular I evince this Truth by
had done all and omitted nothing and then by their Principles what need we obey in our own persons But 2. That Christ obeyed for us and therefore we need not obey is as vain a Consequence as to say Christ died for us and therefore we should not die But the different Ends reconcile all Christ died that there might be Satisfaction for Sin as to the Guilt of it and we die that there may be a Destruction of Sin as to the Being of it Also Christ obeyed that our Justification might be effected and we obey that our Sanctification may be promoted Christ obeyed that we might reign in life and we obey that we may be more and more meet for it Nay Christ obeyed that we might obey for one fruit of Redemption was that we might be a peculiar people zealous of good works Tit. 2. 14. and we obey that his Obedience may not be in vain as to us for he is the author of eternal redemption to them that obey him Heb. 5. 9. Hence it appears that Christ's Obedience and ours may as well consist together as Justification and Sanctification Life and the way to it Redemption and the fruit thereof 3. Because the Price of our Redemption is a thing of superexcellent fulness and superimaginable glory redeeming Captives in a way completive and perfective of the Law broken by them Do we make void the Law by Faith or by its Object our Redeemer and Redemption Nay we establish the Law Rom. 3. 31. When Man was in Innocency the Royal Law sate in Glory commanding upon its Throne holding forth in its right hand a Crown of Life in the Promise and in its left a Sword of Vengeance in the Threatning But when Monstrous Sin entred into the World the very Throne of the Law seemed to shake and the Crown in its right hand to wither only the Sword was glittering and fiery in the left the Minatory part of the Law stood fast captivating and cursing the Sinner but the Mandatory and Promissory parts thereof fell a trembling and staggering as if their natural and primary End viz. perfect Obedience and all the ensuing Bliss were utterly lost Now Jesus Christ our wonderful Redeemer redeemed us in such a way as that he established the Law in every respect by his Active Obedience he fastened and newpinned the very Throne of the Law and made the old Promise to bud again with Life and in his Passive Obedience the fiery Sword of God's wrath did awake against him Zach. 13. 7. and smote and wounded him for our iniquities he paid down his humane Nature in doing and suffering and what could the Law desire of him more Thus Jesus Christ became the end the fulness the perfection of the Law Rom. 10. 4. But if the Passive Obedience of Christ be only the Price then indeed the Curse or Wrath which is in the left hand of the Law and which comes accidentally by sin is satisfied But where is the primary and natural end of the Law Where is that perfect Obedience which is in the right hand and right eye of the Law You 'l say 't is in the Person of Christ our Redeemer But how is it there the Apostle says that Christ is the end of the Law to the believer now if it be there only personally as for himself then as to that he is the end of the Law only for himself but if it be there also fide jussorially as for us then 't is part of the Price and so he is the end of the Law to us also But you 'l reply that though Christ's Active Obedience be no part of the Price yet his Passive suffices for that takes away Sin and Death from us and Sin being removed Righteousness follows and Death being removed Life follows and so the Law hath its end I answer I might deny these consequences for Adam in Innocency was free from Sin and Death yet in that state had neither all the Righteousness performable nor all the Life attainable by him But if I admit that upon the remotion of Sin and Death Righteousness and Life do follow yet these may follow from Christ's whole Obedience as their total Principle and not only from the Passive If they follow from the Passive only the Glory of Redemption is much darkned for who sees not that the Law is not nor cannot be so completely accomplished by the mere Sufferings of Christ as if over and besides those he also performed perfect Obedience for us Who sees not more Glory shining out when perfect Righteousness is a part of the Price than if it be only an effect thereof issuing by consequential resultance from the remotion of Sin Wherefore the Messiah is set out to us in the Prophet not only as making an end of sin but as bringing in everlasting righteousness Dan. 9. 24. and in the Evangelist not only as giving his life but as fulfilling all righteousness Matth. 3. 15. and in the Apostle not only as made sin but as made righteousness too 1 Cor. 1. 30. and thus the Law hath its perfect accomplishment by our Redeemer Wherefore concluding that the humane Nature of Christ paid down in his Active and Passive Obedience is the entire and integral price of our Redemption I pass on to the second Quaere 2. What manner of Price this is and this I shall open in three things 1. 'T is a Price Redemptive from Evil. 2. 'T is a Price Procurative of Good 3. 'T is a Price Sufficient for both 1. 'T is a Price Redemptive from Evil even from all the evils of our Captivity viz. the Chains of Sin the bloody Jaylor Satan and the Prison of Wrath our great Redeemer by laying down this price hath hroke off our Chains vanquished the Jaylor and opened the Prison-doors for us only here is an observable difference for 1. As to the Guilt of Sin and the Wrath of God this Price is redemptive in a more immediate way by it self 2. As to the stain of Sin the power of Sin and the tyranny of Satan this Price is redemptive in a consequential way by procuring the holy Spirit for us 1. This Price is Redemptive from the Guilt of Sin and Wrath of God and this in a more immediate way by it self Now albeit the entire Price concurr herein yet because as to this there is a special relucency in some parts thereof I shall only insist on five things viz. 1. Our Sins were laid upon Christ. 2. He suffered the same punishment for the main that was due for these Sins 3. He suffered it in our stead 4. Suffering in our stead he satisfied God's Vindictive Justice and Minatory Law 5. These satisfied God is reconciled 1. Our sins were laid upon Christ. Whilest the Chains are upon the Captive Captivity is unavoidable whilest Sin is on the Sinner Redemption is impossible God therefore gave Sin a remove from its proper Ubi I will remove iniquity in one day saith he Zech. 3.
in another yet the Minatory Law which is the voice of Justice cannot be satisfied unless the punishment fall on the Sinner himself and the reason is because in this Minatory Law the Veracity of God is engaged which it was not before now Justice speaks out which it did not before and that which it speaks must be true For answer whereunto 1. Some as the Learned Grotius say that here was Dispensatio Legis quâ Legis manentis obligatio circa quasdam personas tollitur But I take it that God's Threatnings are indispensably Yea and Amen as well as his Promises for albeit God doth not dare aliquod jus creaturae in his Threatnings as he doth in his Promises yet is he debitor sibi-ipsi in both and not one jot or tittle of either can fail because of his infinite Veracity God will not call back his words of threatning Isai. 31. 2. neither will he himself turn back from them Jer. 4. 28. his words stand surely for evil Jer. 44. 29. That Threatning that Nineveh should be destroyed had a tacit Condition in it which had it been expressed the Threatning would have run thus It shall be destroyed except it repent therefore it repenting there was a remotion of the Judgment according to the tenour of the Threatning but no dispensatio Juris at all Wherefore 2. I answer that here God did interpret his Law 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in an equitable way equity is nothing else but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a filling up of a general Law by a benign interpretation in that part which was not precisely determinate The divine sanction was the sinner shall die but it was not precisely determinate that he should die in his own person for then God's unalterable truth should have barred out a Surety neither was it precisely determinate that he should die in his Surety for then the threatning should originally have been a promise and a promise unto sin such as God never made But the sanction was general the sinner shall die and two interpretations lay before God the first that the sinner shall die in his own person the latter that he shall die in his surety the first is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 just severity the latter is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 condescending mercy in the first there is more of the sound of the law-letter in the latter more of the sounding of the Law-givers bowels the first is much like the first delivery of the Law with thundrings and lightnings and devouring fire Exod. 19. 16 17 18. the latter is like the second delivery of it with a Proclamation of grace and goodness and pardoning mercy for thousands Exod. 34. 6 7. Now these two interpretations lying before God he as the Supreme Law-giver in order to redemption interpreted his Law according to a merciful equity the sinner shall die that is in his surety Christ. Oh the immense love of the Father and the Son the Fathers love fills up the Law by a gracious interpretation and then the Sons love fulfils it by a perfect satisfaction mercy and truth are met together mercy in a favourable construction of the Law and truth in the evident veracity of the Law-giver the person of the sinner may be saved and yet the truth of the threatning is salved through Christ's satisfaction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we are abrogated from the Law Rom. 7. 6. and yet we do not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 abrogate the Law but establish it Rom. 3. 31. because it is fulfilled in Christ. Neither doth this equitable interpretation suppose any defect in the divine Law as it doth in humane Laws for humane Laws are made general for want of providence in men to forsee all particular cases which fall out but this Law was made general out of the perfection of providence in God that there might be room for a surety to come in and satisfie it But you 'l say if God interpret the threatning in such an equitable way the sinner shall die in his surety then no sinner is in a state of wrath here nor can be condemned in hell hereafter for both these issue out from the first interpretation thou shalt die in thine own person and that is now waved by the Judge I answer that God doth not totally and absolutely either wave the first rigorous interpretation for the elect are under wrath till they believe and repent and the reprobate not believing and repenting are cast into hell and both by virtue of the first interpretation but he waves the first and makes the second interpretation in order to redemption and only so far forth as redemption requires it Now what doth that require It requires that all that embrace Christ should be saved from the death in the threatning and therefore thus far the first interpretation is waved and the second takes place but it requires not that any person should either be out of a state of wrath before faith or be saved without faith and therefore the equitable interpretation doth not go thus far and so far as that goeth not the rigorous interpretation takes place because pro tanto it is consistent with redemption redemption is the end and the all-wise God measures and proportions out the equitable interpretation in such a way as serves unto it and the rigorous interpretation in such a way as stands with it In a word according to this equitable interprepretation Christ hath so satisfied the threatning as that all believers shall be saved from it yet this satisfaction hinders not but that the rigorous interpretation should abide upon unbelievers whilst such for whilst such they embrace not that satisfaction and therefore are justly cursed by the Law till they receive the Gospel Fifthly God's vindictive Justice and minatory Law being thus satisfied he becomes reconciled There are two degrees of reconciliation the first is that whereby God is ready to receive men into grace and favour if they believe the second is that whereby God is actually reconciled to them upon their believing The Apostle mentions both these Col. 1. 20 21. for first he tells us ver 20. That God did reconcile all things to himself by the blood of his Cross and then it follows ver 21. Yet now hath he reconciled you you O believing Colossians All were reconciled in the first degree and believers in the second the first was done all at once upon the Cross and the second is yet now a doing and so will be till the Believers are all come in therefore the Apostle says God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself 2 Cor. 5. 19. Reconciling which imports a continued Act a carrying on the work of Reconciliation from one degree to another by particular applications Now both these degrees of Reconciliation are wrought by the Death of Christ the first was wrought by it ipso facto without it God would have breathed out nothing but wrath but through it he is ready to forgive Psal. 86. 5. As
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 8. 32. God did not spare or bate him a farthing and we who are remitted make no satisfaction all our Tears Prayers Sorrows Services pay not a mite to divine Justice Why should corrupt Reason mutter as if Satisfaction and Remission which are matches in Scripture were inconsistencies in Nature What saith God Levit. 4. 31. the Priest shall make an atonement there 's satisfaction and it shall be forgiven there 's remission What saith the great Apostle Rom. 3. 24. We are justified freely by his grace there 's remission through the redemption that is in Christ there 's satisfaction Take both in three words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you Eph. 4. 32. for Christ's sake there 's satisfaction hath forgiven you there 's remission and free remission for 't is not only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a dismission or discharge of Sin but 't is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a dismission or discharge of it in a gracious way In Christ our Surety there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 3. 25. but towards us there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tit. 2. 11. Christ may say totum exsolvi and God may say totum remisi there was nothing forgiven to Christ for he paid all but there was all forgiven to us for we paid nothing Thus this Price is Redemptive from the Guilt of Sin and Wrath of God but this is not all 2. This Price is Redemptive from the stain of Sin the power of Sin and the tyranny of Satan and that by procuring the holy Spirit for us We are saved by the renewing of the holy Ghost and that is shed on us through Jesus Christ Tit. 3. 5 6. and where it is shed there it redeems 1. From the stain of Sin Sin is the dross or rust of the Soul Isai. 1. 22. but the Spirit refines and purifies from it Sin is the wrinkle of the old man Eph. 5. 27. but the Spirit smooths and removes it Christ came by water and blood 1 Joh. 5. 6. and the water sprung out of the blood the Spirit is that clean water Ezek. 36. 25. which fetcheth out the spots and stains of Sin and that healing water coming out from the side of the Temple even the pierced side of Christ Ezek. 47. 1. which by degrees cures all the Ulcers and Plague-sores of the heart The Corinthians were all over mire and dirt but they were washed in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit of God 1 Cor. 6. 11. the Spirit washed them and washed them in the name of Jesus that is for his Merits sake The Soul in sinning runs to the Cabul of the Creature dirtying and fouling it self but the Spirit brings it back again to the holy one and as it approaches nearer and nearer to him the macula peccati goes off and the nitor animae appears 2. It redeems from the power of Sin Sin merited Christ's Crucifixion and Christ's Crucifixion merited the Crucifixion of Sin and upon this account out comes the holy Spirit and nullifies the Law of Sin batters down the strong holds of it plucks up the very Throne of it and crucifies the old Man with all his members by outward restriction nailing his hands and his feet and by inward circumcision cutting and piercing into his heart and from thence gradually letting out his vital blood even the love of Sin hence his motions wax feeble his members weak his natural heat of original lust spent and exhausted and his whole body drooping and languishing to his dying day and all this by a secret virtue from Christ's death We are planted together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith the Apostle Rom. 6. 5. he saith not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the conformity but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the conformation of his death because his death procured that conformity in us Hence Sin doth not reign in us as a Prince upon his Throne but die as a man upon the Cross Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory through Jesus Christ. 3. It redeems from the tyranny of Satan Christ in his own person spoiled principalities and powers on the cross Col. 2. 15. and Christ by his Spirit spoils them in the hearts of men Satan hath his Palace there but Christ hath bought him out and the Spirit will cast him out Satan would keep on our chains but Christ dissolves them 1 Joh. 3. 8. As he by his Spirit enlightens off go the chains of the Mind as he converts off go the chains of the Will as he spiritualizes off go the chains of the Affections and as he sprinkles his blood upon us off goes the weighty Guilt of all these Satan would keep us within the Prison but Christ comes with an Habeas Animam translating us from the power of darkness into his own kingdom Col. 1. 13. a Region of Grace and Light where Satan the Ruler of Sin and Darkness cannot have the Victory because Christ the Wisdom and Power of God fights against Him who is as I may so say the wisdom and power of Sin Hence he falls as lightning from heaven Luke 10. 18. falls and breaks his Serpents head even his design against poor souls the ruine of Souls is a heaven to him and in falling short of that he falls as it were from heaven The Prince of this world shall be cast out saith Christ Joh. 12. 31. and he adds as a reason If I be lifted up I will draw all men unto me Ver. 32. Lifted up upon the Cross he purchased the Spirit and lifted up into Heaven he sends down the Spirit which draws men out of Satans World into Christ's where the Gates of Hell can never prevail The God of peace bruises Satan underfoot Rom. 16. 20. the Apostle saith not the God of Mercy or Power shall do it but the God of Peace because unless Peace had been made through the blood of the Cross Satan would have kept us in everlasting Chains But now Justice being satisfied the Spirit comes forth with a Quo jure first rescuing the Captive-soul and then treading down Satan under its feet Thanks be unto God for this victory also through Jesus Christ. Thus this Price is redemptive from Evil but 2. This Price is procurative of Good Infinity is a boundless Ocean and may run over in effects as far as it pleaseth infinite Power might have run over in making millions of Worlds more and infinite Mercy might have run over in saving millions of Sinners more The Price of Redemption hath a kind of Infinity in it no wonder then if after remotion of Evils it run over by its transcendent excess of Value in the procuration of Good such was the glorious redundance and supereffluence of its Merit that it paid divine Justice to the last mite and over and besides made a purchase of three Worlds I mean the lower World of Nature the middle World of Grace and the upper World of
redeem some from among men unless it merit for them that Faith which is the grand distinction between man and man in the matter of Salvation Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 purchased the church with his blood Acts 20. 28. and purchased it in a special manner hence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a purchased people is not a title common to all but proper to the Church 1 Pet. 2. 9. God's Children lay scattered up and down the wide World and Christ died that he might gather them all together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into one one Faith here and one Glory hereafter Joh. 11. 52. If Christ had died so for all all should have come into the same Unity We find in Scripture many signal distinctions made among men there are some on whom God will have mercy and others whom he will harden Rom. 9. 18. some written in the Lambs book of life and others left out of it Rev. 13. 8. some given unto Christ Joh. 6. 36. and others â—eft to themselves some are Gods own jewels Mal. 3. 17. and others but as dross Now how incredible is it that Jesus Christ who came to do his Father's Will should in his Death respect those whom God will harden as much as those whom he will have mercy on those that are out of the Book of Life as much as those that are in it those that are left to themselves as much as those that are given to him and those that are the dross of the World as much as God's own Jewels Believe it who can 't is a monstrous Opinion worthy of nothing but exile from Christians Seeing God's Will hath so distinguished men it is no more possible that Christ should die alike for all than that he should dissent from his Father's Will which to do was his great errand in the World Christ suffered between two Thieves a Type of the Elect and Reprobate World but who dare say that he had as much respect to the one as to the other 2. I argue from the Covenant of Grace Christ is the Mediator of the Covenant and the Covenant is the New-testament in his blood as then the Covenant is more or less respective of men so the Mediator's Death is more or less respective of them There are in the Covenant two sorts of Promises the one general and conditional such are those Whosoever believes shall be saved Whosoever will may take of the water of life If any man come to Christ he will not cast him out the other special and absolute such are those I will circumcise thy heart to love me I will put my fear in their hearts I will take away the heart of stone and give an heart of flesh I will put my Spirit within you and cause you to walk in my statutes I will put my Laws in their mind and write them in their hearts and I will be to them a God and they shall be to me a people there is a vast difference between these Promises For 1. The general and conditional Promises are as it were the hands of the Covenant pointing out the true way and path leading to Salvation but the special and absolute Promises are as it were the Veins of the Covenant carrying in them the blood and spirit of life and power to enable us to walk in that way Here God himself engages to work all saving Graces in us Are our hearts hard he 'l roll away the stone from them do our hearts resist holy impressions he 'l give us hearts of flesh capable thereof are our hearts void of God's Law he will write it there and turn them into the Epistles of Christ and for the effectual doing hereof he will put his Spirit into us and as a real proof of it he will cause us to walk in his ways and in this Walk Love shall be the Motive for he will circumcise the heart to love him and Fear the Bridle for he will put his Fear in the heart never to depart from him and which is the Crown of all he himself will be a God to us and we shall be a people to him in an everlasting Covenant Stand still O Saints and adore here loe here is the ministration of the Spirit indeed 2 Cor. 3. 8. here are words which are spirit and life Joh. 6. 63. here is the supernal Jerusalem the mother of spiritual freedom Gal. 4. 26. here is the immortal seed which begets all the Sons of God 1 Pet. 1. 23. here is that Vis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or formative Virtue which moulds us into the divine nature 2 Pet. 1. 4. here is the day of God's power which makes his people willing to serve him in the beauties of holiness Psal. 110. 3. Happy yea thrice happy they who dwell in this Land of Promise and drink of these Wells of Salvation 2. The general and conditional Promises are extensive to all men but the special and absolute Promises respect the Elect and them only for they are fulfilled in them and them only had these extended to all that God who cannot lye nor deny himself would have fulfilled them in all You will say He would have fulfilled them in all but that men themselves will not But what a strange word is this they will not Will they not if God give them a Will a new heart and a new spirit Will they not if God take away the nilling and resisting Principle the heart of stone Will they not if God write his Laws in their hearts and inward parts O what is this but by an absurd Blasphemy to change God's Truth into a lye his Omnipotence into weakness and his Glory into the old broken Idol of Creature-freedom Surely if God who is Truth and Power engage to make a new Heart the old one cannot hinder it if he promise to remove Hardness Hardness cannot resist it if he say that he will write the Law in the Heart the Heart will not say Nay to his Almighty Fingers Seeing then these Promises are not fulfilled in all but in the Elect only I may safely affirm that they respect not all but the Elect only These things being so it appears how in what manner Christ's Death respects men even more or less as the Promises of the Covenant founded on his Blood do more or less respect them As the general Promises extend to all men so the Death of Christ the Mediator proportionably extends to them all and as the special Promises point only at the Elect so the Death of Christ the Mediator hath a peculiar respect to them Christ by his Death over and besides the general Promises founded those special Promises for the Elect hence they come to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sons of promise Gal. 4. 28. begotten by it to spiritual life which others standing only under the general Promises are not All the saving Graces of the Elect suting to those special Promises are no other than the fruits of Christ's Merits they
in Sins Again the natural Will is turned away from God the holy One and so it 's become desperately wicked Jer. 17. 9. a Fountain of blood out of which evil thoughts murders adulteries fornications thefts false witness blasphemies naturally procede Matth. 15. 19. a Forge of iniquities 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 All the forming or framing of the heart every purpose and desire effigiated there is only evil continually Gen. 6. 5. all 's marred upon the Wheel of man's corrupt Will Nay further the natural Will is turned from God who is Being and so it 's become a Nullity in Spirituals What God says of Israel he mav well say of every Natural man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he hath no will to me Psal. 81. 11. the Object of the Will is Good and yet all the fontal Goodness in God moves it not Nay lastly there is an Enmity in the Will against God Every Natural man as a part of the corrupt World lies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Devil 1 Joh. 5. 19. and his heart as a hell sets his tongue on fire James 3. 6. Deum ipsum quantum in ipsâ est perimit voluntas propria saith one clearly it would if it could abrogate God's Holiness blindfold his Omniscience and chain up his Justice in order to the fruition of its lusts 3. As for the Affections there 's nothing but monstrous Ataxy in them Love in a Natural Man dotes upon abomination and Hatred breaks out against goodness it self Hope hangs upon a broken reed and Fear starts and trembles at its fellow-mortal Joy triumphs in the pleasures of sin and therein virtually sports it self with the flames of Hell and Sorrow which should wait upon Sin pours out it self over worldly Crosses all the Affections are out of frame and place At first they were born Subjects to the Kingdom of Reason but the Rational Faculties which are the man rebelling against God in the first Adam the Affections which are the brutal part mutin and rise up in Arms against Reason and by an unnatural violence depose it and so unman the man Hence he becomes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the unreasonable beasts that perish What Asaph was in his Envy at the foolish that is every man in his inordinate Affections he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a great beast before God Psal. 73. 22. Here Dinah that is the judgement is deflowred by the Son of Chamor that is an Ass as his Name imports A generation of bruitish Lusts ravish the Soul Here are the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the vile Affections which debase the Immortal Soul to the dust of the Earth Here the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dii Stercorei those dungy Gods of sensual Lusts carnal Profits and worldly Honours ascend up into the heart and as Gods assume the throne of it command the power of it and by a kind of omnipresence fill the whole circumference thereof Here is the troubled sea of passions and affections where Satan the great Leviathan raises up the winds and waves of all inordinate motions making the heart boil as a pot and sporting himself in the sinful tossings thereof 4. As for the members of the body they are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 weapons of unrighteousness Rom. 6. 13. The Law of Sin issues out its commands in the soul that speeds them to the members of the body and these are ready to put them in execution Thus deplorable is mans state before Conversion which if duly weighed is enough to make every one cry out Oh! what shall I do to be saved wherefore I proceed to consider the second Quaere 2. What is the nature of the Work And here I shall unfold two things 1. What are the preparatives to Conversion 2. What is the work of Conversion it self 1. What are the preparatives to Conversion For as God makes a way to his anger in punishing so he makes a way to his Mercy in converting sinners First the fallow-ground of the heart must be broken up before the Seed of God be cast into it first Moses must hew the Tables of the Heart and then God writes the Law upon them Manasseh will not humble and turn unto the Lord till he be in chains Every natural man is a Manasseh a forgetter of God as that name imports and will not remember and turn unto the Lord till the Spirit of bondage lay him up in chains under deep Convictions of Sin and Wrath. As when Christ came in the flesh John Baptist prepared his way by the doctrine of Repentance So when Christ is formed in the heart John that is Gods Grace prepares his way by legal humiliations Now the preparatory works to Conversion are these 1. There is a Conviction of Sin the Spirit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shall convince the world of sin Joh. 16. 8. not only of Sin in general but in particular The Law as 't is in the Letter only operates little but as 't is in the Spirits hand it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 7. 9. it comes home to the heart and gives it a full Charge as Nathan to David Thou art the Man These are Sins saith the Law and these hast thou done saith Conscience and from particular sins the Spirit leads up the Sinner to the fountain of blood in his Nature it shews him a Seminary of corruption in his own heart it makes him smell the sink of sin in his ownbosome neither is this conviction only rational and notional but real and intuitvie Sin with all its Hosts is as it were mustered and set in order before his eyes Psal. 50. 21. Nay it takes hold upon him and he is made to possess it as his own which forces him at last to cry out Guilty Guilty 1. There is a Conviction of Wrath. When Satan gave man his first fall he instilled this Principle into him thou shalt not surely dye Gen. 3. 4. No though thou eat the 〈◊〉 thou shalt not On the contrary when God comes to recover a Soul out of its Fall he speaks in the same language as to Abimelech Behold thou art but a dead man Gen. 20. 3. The wages of sin is death and because such sins are found in thee thou hast the sentence of death in thy self In conviction God sets up a Judgement-seat in the heart and there after Law-accusations and Conscience-proofs the Sinner is sentenced to death and after sentence he is drawn into the valley of Achor or trouble to be stoned with the curses of the Law and scourged with Scorpions of Wrath he hangs by the thred of his life over the bottomless gulph of perdition and out of the fiery Law Hell doth as it were flash in his face 3. Out of these convictions there ariseth legal fear Gods judgements which before were far above out of his sight now approach near unto him qualms come over Conscience and hell-pains begin to seize the Soul this fear hath torment a kind of hell in it and out of
in the Understanding 4. I argue from the consequent Absurdity If the Will do not follow the practical Judgment then although the practical Judgment be never so right yet may the Will transgress and by consequence a man may be a sinner and no fool which is impossible In Scripture Sin is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an aberration Isai. 5. 18. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a missing of the mark 1 Joh. 3. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an ignorance Heb. 9. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an error Rom. 1. 27. error in heart Heb. 3. 10. and error of way James 5. 20. and which is the fullest expression of all folly foolishness and madness Eccl. 7. 25. as if all words were too little to express the folly thereof Also sinners are straglers or wanderers Isai. 53. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without mind Tit. 3. 3. simple ones such as want heart Prov. 9. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 unreasonable men 2 Thess. 3. 2. fools nay madmen Acts 26. 11. nay as if there were nothing of Man in them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 brute heasts 2 Pet. 2. 12. Even in the first Sin of Man the Apostle tells us that the woman 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being deceived was in the transgression 1 Tim. 2. 14. First there was an Error a false End in her mind and then the forbidden fruit was embraced by her Will. But now after all this if the practical Judgment be right set and yet the Will may turn away unto Sin then that which is impossible in Scripture may be possible in Nature there may be a Sinner and no Fool Sin and no Folly Wandring without Error missing the Mark without any false End Transgression and nothing of Deception in it a Man and a Brute coupled together in the same Act the Understanding playing the Man in its right directions and the Will playing the Brute in its irrational aversation All which Absurdities are unavoidable by such as assert that the Will doth not follow the practical Judgment 2. Posit Leaving the first Position I procede to the second viz. That the Will of Man doth infallibly follow the practical Understanding in the matter of Conversion And here again I might reinforce the former Arguments with an Emphasis If the Will cannot stand alone and upon the bottom of its own independency in other matters much less can it do so in Conversion to which the working and drawing of Almighty Grace is requisite If in other matters the Will cannot go alone without the Torch of Reason surely in Conversion it cannot go alone without the Torch of supernatural Illumination If the Will by deserting a lesser good propoposed by the Understanding do appetere malum sub ratione mali then the Will by deserting God proposed as the summum bonum by the Understanding doth appetere summum malum so if the Will by rejecting an inferiour Good proposed by the practical Judgment must become bruitish and irrational how much more bruitish and irrational must it become by rejecting the summum bonum so proposed If the Will may be determined by the Understanding as to a lesser Good nay as to a false lying Good as in the Case of Sin how much rather may it be so determined as to the summum bonum If by the Wills turning away from the Understanding right set there may be Sin in the Will and no Folly in the Understanding which is impossible then by such turning away there may be no Charity in the Will and yet true Faith in the Understanding which is also impossible But pretermiâ—ting these I come more closely to the Thesis that is That the Will doth follow the Understanding in the business of Conversion Now whereas the Conversion of the Will is double either it is the production of gracious Principles in the Will or it is the actual Conversion of the Will in the first the Will is Passive in the other Active The Wills following the Understanding is double also as to the Principles of Grace in the Will the Understanding is as the Channel through which those Principles are infused into the Will as to the actual Conversion of the Will the Understanding is as a potent Perswader inducing the Will unto actual Conversion In the first the Will follows the Understanding passively only and by way of reception of Principles in the second the Will follows the Understanding Actively and by way of free Actuation of those Principles I shall speak somewhat to both these 1. As to the Principles of Grace in the Will the Understanding is as the Channel through which those Principles are transfused into the Will God doth not infuse the Principles of Grace into the Will 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but he puts in his hand by the hole of the door and so the churches bowels are moved for him Cant. 5. 4. he puts in his Grace at the Understanding and so the Will and Affections are turned to him he purifies the heart by faith Acts 15. 9. that is through Faith in the Understanding he influences Holiness into the Will and this Holiness is called by the Apostle holiness of truth Eph. 4. 24. not only because 't is a real Holiness but especially because 't is wrought through the Truth first entring in at the Understanding and so passing on to the Will and that this is the Apostle's meaning appears because he opposes holiness of truth in the 24. Verse to the lusts of deceit in the 22. Verse As those are lusts of deceit because the lusting Will follows upon the erring Understanding so this is holiness of truth because the holy Will follows upon the true Understanding The practical Knowledge of God is stiled eternal life Joh. 17. 3. and a well-spring of life Prov. 16. 22. the reason is because through it all quickning Graces do as a River of Life flow into the Will Above all that of the Apostle is most pregnant Beholding as in a glass the glory of God we are changed into the same image from glory to glory as by the spirit of the Lord 2 Cor. 3. 18. The Glory of God is reflected from Christ upon the Gospel and from the Gospel upon the Understanding and from the Understanding upon the Will and so we are changed into his glorious Image In Man's first Transgression Death entred in at the Windows of the Mind and so got into the secret Closet of the Heart and in Man's first Conversion Life comes in at the Mind and so passes down into the Will All the Grace that a man hath saith Dr. Preston passes in through the Understanding and if it were not so how could the Word be an Instrument of the Wills Regeneration There is no passage for it into the Will but through the Understanding In Regeneration the Law is writ in the heart and how can that be but through the Understanding The appetitive Faculty is naturally crooked and if ever it be made right it must be through the
with it Such a Knowledge being really actuated can the Will turn aside to other Objects for its happiness The simple one may turn away Prov. 1. 32. but shall a man of understanding do so A deceived heart may turn aside Isai. 44. 20. but shall the wise in heart do so A heart of unbelief may depart from the living God Heb. 3. 12. but shall a man of precious faith do so But whither can he turn What to the Riches of the World 'T is but dross to the unsearchable Riches of Christ saith the Understanding What to Honours 'T is but a blast to the true Honour which cometh of God only saith the Understanding What to Pleasures These are muddy Puddles to the pure Rivers of Pleasure above saith the Understanding This Understanding doth as it were blast all the World crucifie the Universe and by a prospect of Faith see the Heavens on fire the Earth burnt up and the Elements melting with fervent heat and can the Will fall in love with the Dust and Cinders of it Surely it will not But if the Will cannot turn aside to such false Beatitudes yet may it not suspend its Act as to the true Suspend what from its own blessedness verily thoroughly believed What from God the all in all plainly powerfully demonstrated to be such And what for just nothing for a sic volo Can it be so brutishly free at so dear a rate as to be eternally miserable Will it hang off from perfect Blessedness or can it do so and the summū malū not fall into its embraces And may a Will renewed with the holy Ghost and right set by gracious Principles do thus Surely it cannot They that know thy name will trust in thee Psal. 9. 10. and which follows upon Trust will love thee and which streams from Love will obey thee and which is the Crown of Obedience will resign up themselves to thee for all their happiness Where such an excellent Understanding goes before there the Will doth infallibly follow after even in actual Conversion unto God as its supreme End 2. The Will doth follow the Understanding in its embracing of Christ as the only way and this appears 1. From several Sciptures To know JesusChrist is eternal life Joh. 17. 3. it quickens the Will to embrace him Christ told the Woman If thou hadst known the gift of God and who it is that saith unto thee Give me to drink thou wouldest have asked of him and he would have given thee living water Joh. 4. 10. A true Knowledge of Christ would have inflamed her desires after him and those desires would have breathed out prayers for the living Water Our Saviour quotes that in the Prophets And they shall be all taught of God and and what follows upon that teaching Every man therefore saith he that hath heard and learned of the Father cometh unto me Joh. 6. 45. True Knowledge makes a man come to Christ and that without fail for 't is so in every man that hears and learns of the Father not in one or two but in every man and how doth Knowledge do this How but by glorifying Christ unto the Will The Spirit saith Christ shall glorifie me how so He shall take of mine and shall shew unto you Joh. 16. 14 15. the holy Spirit takes Christ and shews him after a wonderful manner it glorifies him in the Understanding and through the Understanding it glorifies him before the Will and so the Will is sweetly and strongly drawn unto him 2. From the Will it self If the Will be determined by the Understanding unto God as its ultimate End then is it also determined by the Understanding unto Christ as the only way thereunto Indeed if the Understanding did propose an End and withal two distinct ways of equal tendency thereunto then the Will might be free to either of those ways But when the Understanding proposes God as the End and Christ as the only Way to that End then the Will must infallibly close in with Christ it must or lose its End or Blessedness it must or the summū malū will fall into its arms When the Understanding tells the Will in good earnest there is no other way but one there is no other Name under Heaven but Jesus only the Will is sweetly constrained into his embraces 3. From the Understanding which shews forth Christ to be the perfect Way sutable to all our wants in our passage to God the true End Thou wouldest come to God but for the weight of Sin and Wrath Loe here is an High-priest with Expiating Blood thou wouldst come to God but thou knowest not the way thither here 's a Prophet with words of Light and Life thou wouldst come to God but for the pressure of thy reigning Lusts here 's a King with a Sceptre of Righteousness to subdue them thou wouldst come to God but for want of a gracious Heart here 's a Treasury of all Grace and Holiness The Understanding still points at Christ Art thou in darkness he is a sun of righteousness Art thou in death he is the resurrection and the life Art thou a withered branch he is a root of fatness and sweetness Art thou a lost and half-damned Creature he is a Saviour able to save to the uttermost This Understanding glorifies Christ in all his Offices sings the sing of the Lamb and cries him up for altogether precious this is the Window or Lattess at which his all-fair Person looks in upon the Will the Conduit through which the sweet Ointment of his Name is poured out unto the Will and the Crucifix which shews forth his bloody Passion in lively colours before the Will This Understanding practically presses the Will to embrace him O my Soul now hear and live take him and everlasting Mercy meets thee leave him and devouring Justice overtakes thee catch hold on this Prince of Life or die for ever look up to this Brightness of Glory or be in utter Darkness wash in his Blood or bleed in eternal Flames put on his righteousness or be naked to all Eternity there is no way into the Holy of Holies but through the Veil of his Flesh enter and thou hast an ever-blessed God to make thee happy neglect and thou hast a righteous God to make thee for ever miserable When Christ through the Understanding thus pours out his precious Name as an Ointment unto the Will how can it chuse but love him When through this hole of the door he thus drops in his sweet-smelling Truths upon the Will how can it chuse but rise and open to him If it do not whither will it turn What to the Creatures they are all Blackamoors to this all-lovely Jesus What to repentant Tears those want washing in his Blood What to its good Works and Righteousness they are but a filthy Rag. There is such a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such a transcendent Excellency in the Knowledge of Christ that it makes all other things
intrinsecal merit of Sin and paid only to a final Sinner therefore the consideration of final sin is a prerequisite to the Decree of Damnation without that consideration I see not how it can be decreed as Wages But you 'l say Is not Eternal Life also a Reward of Faith and Holiness and how then can that be decreed as a Reward without a preconsideration of these I answer Eternal Life is a Reward but 't is a Reward of pure Grace 't is Grace upon Grace glorifying Grace upon sanctifying therefore to the Decreeing thereof as a Reward it suffices that it be decreed to Believers and Saints Not Believers and Saints so preconsidered to that Decree for Grace and Glory being both mere gifts and gifts of immediate contact are comprized in one Decree but Believers and Saints so to be made by force of that Decree and so to be made before they wear the Crown This is enough in the decreeing of a Reward so purely gratuitous But in Eternal Death there is nothing at all gratuitous all is mere wages and pay for Sin Sin doth really and intrinsecally merit it Wherefore Eternal death as such wages is decreed only to final Sinners Not final Sinners so to be made by force of God's Decree for that makes no man a final Sinner but final Sinners so preconsidered to the Decree of Damnation for without that preconsideration it is not as I conceive decreeable as wages or pay due unto them To shut up this point in a word Reprobation as to the Decree of Preterition and Permission respects men as lapsed Sinners and as to the Decree of Damnation respects them as final Sinnets 4. What is the Impulsive Cause of Reprobation To which I make answer 1. As for the Decree of Preterition and Permission of final Sin it is from God's Will as cloathed with supreme Sovereignty God passeth by and hardneth whom he will This appears in two particulars 1. First God doth not give so much as the Gospel-means unto some men He suffered all nations to walk in their own ways Acts 14. 16. Some sin and perish without Law or Gospel all the Law they have is the dark glimmering of Nature and all the Gospel they have is the patience and goodness of God leading to Repentance The Sun Moon and Stars are divided to all nations Dent. 4. 19. but Jesus Christ a Sun of infinite light and lustre shines in a narrower compass on the earth than the finite Sun the Moon is lesser than the Earth the visible Church than the World of Men. The Apostles those Stars of light must not shine in Asia and Bithynia Acts 16. 6 7. By what way is this Evangelical Light parted Surely by the divine Will alone the difference is not from the worthiness or unworthiness of men for those in Asia and Bithynia were as good as others Christ was manifested to a Thief and not to a Socrates or Plato Rebellious Israel hath the light of the Word in it and a more flexible Nation which would hearken thereunto wants it Ezek. 3. 6 7. Impenitent Corazin and Bethsaida have a visible Deity before them in Christ's Miracles when poor Tyre and Sidon much nearer to Repentance hath it not Matth. 11. 21. In all which the sovereign Will of God is to be adored for that is it which divideth between the Light and the Darkness 2. In the Visible Church the Orb of Gospel-light God doth not give saving Grace unto all 'T is true the mercy of God is so immense that all the sins of men are but as the drop of the bucket to it the Blood of God is so meritorious that all the crimson Crimes in the World are as nothing to it and the Spirit of God is so almighty that all the chains of hardness and unbelief fall off before his converting Grace Nevertheless this immense Mercy doth not pardon all this meritorious Blood doth not wash all nor this almighty Spirit doth not convert all unto God Oh the wonderful Abyss of the divine Counsel All men naturally lie in bloody pollution and God saith to one Live and not to another all are as it were one entire Rock of obstinacy against God and he calls Abraham's children out of one part of the Rock and leaves all the rest to be Rock still All are dead in sins and trespasses nay and sealed up in their Graves with a stone of hardness and unbelief and one Grave-stone is rolled away and the dead under it raised up by almighty Grace and not another External Revelation is all over the Church why is not the inward holy Unction so too The Gospel sounds in every Ear why do not all hear and learn of the Father The Gospel calls and knocks at every door why are not the Demonstrations of the Spirit and the drawings of the Father in every heart The Gospel says in general Whosoever will may take the Water of Life freely why doth not God work the Will in all Why are any dimissi libero arbitrio left to the miserable servitude of their own free Will Here there is no other resolution but that of the Apostle He will have mercy on whom he will have mercy and whom he will he hardneth and beyond this we can only wonder and in quodam mentis excessu cry out Oh the depth Cur hoc illi operetur saith St. Austin illi non operetur metuentem me trementem judicia ejus inscrutabilia incomprehensibilia nolo interroges quia quod lego ercdo revereor non autem discutio And Ne dicas Deo interrogando Quae est voluntas tua sed tremendo Fiat voluntas tua And again Posset Deus saith he of wicked men ipsorum voluntatem in bonum convertere quoniam Omnipotens est posset planè cur ergo non fecit quia noluit cur noluerit penès ipsum est If there were any thing extra Deum moving him to the Decree of Preterition and Permission it must needs be sin either Original or Actual or final Impenitency and Infidelity therein but none of all these moved God thereunto Not Original sin for this is the common blood wherein all men Elect as well as Reprobate lie by nature And this is St. Ambrose's Mirum touching Infants Ubi actio non offendit ubi arbitrium non resistit ubi eadem miseria similis imbecillitas causa communis est non unum esse de tanta parilitate judicem quales reprobat abdicatio tales adoptat Electio Indeed Original Sin makes all men reprobable for all are by nature Children of wrath Transgressors from the womb an unclean and corrupt Seed lying in bloody and abominable pollution fit and worthy to be put away from the holy One as dross and for ever to be cast out into utter darkness but it makes no man a Reprobate for the Elect are as deep in this filthy mire as others Nor yet doth Actual sin do it for Jacob was loved and Esau hated before they had