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A69248 The elements of logick by Peter Du Moulin. Translated out of the French copie by Nathanael De-lavvne, Bachelour of Arts in Cambridge. With the authors approbation; Elementa logica. English Du Moulin, Pierre, 1568-1658.; De Lawne, Nathaniel. 1624 (1624) STC 7323; ESTC S111073 60,322 228

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and more probable be not much lesse shall that be which is lesse probable and possible The conclusion of such arguments must alwayes be negatiue Lastly 3. Lesse probable we may proue a thing in question by bringing in another thing that is lesse probable saying thus If a thing lesse probable and harder to be beleeved is notwithstanding or hath beene much more ought we to beleeue that which is more probable and easier to be done So if one at twelue yeares of age can carry a waight of a hundred pound by a stronger reason one may carry the same weight at the age of twentie yeares And if Alexander tooke Tyre much more easily might he haue taken Ierusalem which was weaker then Tyre if he had besieged it This is called arguing from the lesse probable to the greater grounded vpon this Maxime Maxime If that which is lesse probable and lesse possible may be much more shall that be which is more probable and more possible The conclusion of such arguments must alwaies be affirmatiue Wee must warily distinguish between the greatnesse of the thing and the greatnesse of the probabilitie For greatest things are oft lesse probable and more difficult For it were no good argument to say thus If birds can flie how much more bulls And if a threed can goe through the eie of a needle how much more a cable And if Michael Angell could paint very excellently how much more the Emperour Charles the fift The seventeenth Chapter Of Testimony TEstimonies are often vsed to argue and proue a thing Testimonies are of force and doe perswade when they be such as may not be denied by reason of the qualitie authoritie sufficiencie or multitude of persons Testimonies are either divine or humane Divine testimonies are Oracles and all that is called the Word of GOD likewise dreames visions miracles be they true or false if they be delivered as true Also rules to liue well derived from nature Humane testimonies if the question be about matter of right are humane lawes customes the testimonies of Ancestours or such as are skilfull in their owne art the consent of nations But if the question be of fact then are to be produced schedules acquittances confessions eye or eare witnesses Such witnesses Maxime as doe not affirme or denie a thing to be or not to be are of no force For there is a great difference between these two sayings God saith not that such a thing is and God saith that such a thing is not The latter is a good proofe but the former hath no consequence or sequel And likewise this proofe is of no effect Aristotle hath not said so therefore it is not so Or the Word of God saith not that man is a reasonable creature and therefore man is not a reasonable creature Notwithstanding if it be a thing which cannot be knowne but by the testimonie of one alone then this kinde of arguing is good and firme Such a one said not ●o and therefore you cannot maintaine that it is so For example if we had no knowledge of China but by the report of one man onely whosoever would affirme any thing without the warrant of such a one without question would be prooved a lyar or i● he spake the truth it were but by chance and not knowing himselfe whether he spake true or no. So likewise seeing that nothing that is necessary to salvation can be knowne without warrant from the Word of God whosoever in things necessarie to salvation affirmeth any thing not contained in the said word of GOD ought not to be beleeved affirmes that which he knowes not The eighteenth Chapter Of the vse or Practice of the precedent Doctrine THis Doctrine contained in the sixteene precedent Chapters is called the doctrine of Places because it shewes the places whence matter is drawne for argument and furniture for proofes For example if wee vndertake to proue that Death is not to be feared of a vertuous man wee must runne over these sixteene places and take notice of such as will best furnish vs with matter To make this plaine we will runne over the said places and apply them to this example The Genus of Death Death is the end of mans life Now the end is to be desired when it is not onely the end but also the scope that wee must ayme at such is death vnto which a wise man ought to prepare himselfe every day as being the end of his hope The difference This death comes by the separation of the soule from the bodie now wee must not feare the separation of such things as being ioyned doe hurt one another the soule consumeth the bodie with cares like vnto a knife that cuts its sheath the bodie is to the soule as a burden or a prison God separateth them to reioyne them againe in a better estate and condition The Species There be two kindes of death the one naturall caused through age the other violent which happens by sicknesse or when a man is killed Philosophers say that death which comes through age is without paine because it is without combate or resistance and who would liue when all his strength is spent violent death is not also to be feared of a vertuous man for what matter is it whether I dye of an ague or by the sword Whether by the distemper of humors or by the distemper or commotion of people Whether I yeeld vp my soule by the mouth or by a wound so it may goe to God The properties and accidents of Death Death makes all alike both great and small It dismasketh and discovereth thoughts then dissimulation hath no more place The words of the dying are serious and of great weight their prayers are fervent their confession humble their admonitions to their children are received with attention the spirit of God comforteth them within the Angels guard and assist them without and Iesus Christ reacheth them out the crowne Of things conjoyned with Death If we must not bewaile the dead why should we then feare death The causes of Death The efficient cause of death is the will of God which wee were better to yeeld vnto willingly then by compulsion why should we resist Gods will seeing it is iust and vnevitable Againe the law of nature vnder the which we are borne is the cause of death plead not therefore against your owne hand writing Wouldst thou haue the lawes of the world changed for thee The finall cause of death in regard of the world is that we may giue place one to another thy father hath given place to thee giue thou place to thy children The finall cause of death in regard of every vertuous man is to put an end to all his miseries and to bring him home to God For all these causes of death a vertuous man ought not to feare it Causes wherefore a thing ought not to be fea●ed A thing is not to be feared first if it is vnevitable secondly