disobedient perjured and enemies both in word and deed hauing followed men that were not well borne nor esteemed for any vertue but rascals to whom they had giuen full power and commaund ouer them such as Atrius Vmber and Calenus Albius I do not thinke that you haue all runne willingly into this furie Scipio makes a notable inuectiue against the seditious souldiors but that some were the motiues and beginners and the rest were infected by their acquaintance as with the plague when I consider that the brute of my death hath beene receiued beleeued and hoped for among my souldiours who haue so carried my selfe as I need not feare that any one in Spaine the Carthaginians being chased away should hate my life no not our enemies themselues I beleeue then that our whole armie is not so ill affected but if it were so I would willingly dye here in your presence I beleeue rather that this mischiefe hath proceeded from the malice of some few But I will forbeare to speake of my selfe and suppose you haue my name in detestation and disdaine my commaund thinke of your offences and consider how great they are against your countrey your parents and children against the gods witnesses of your oathes and promises against your commaunders and captaines against all order and martiall discipline and against the manners of your auncestors What offence had your countrey done you that you should take armes against it and betray it in conferring your counsels with Mandonius and Indibilis What had the commonweale of Rome committed whose maiestie you haue troden vnder foot wresting the authoritie out of the Tribunes hands who were created by the peoples voyces to giue it vnto priuat men and not content to haue them for Tribunes you haue giuen them the markes of a Generall to them I say who neuer yet commaunded ouer a poore slaue Albius and Atrius haue beene lodged in the Generals tent by you Romanes the trumpet hath sounded before them they haue giuen you the word they haue set in the Proconsull Scipioes chayre they haue had an officer to make place when as they had the rods and axes carried before them What more monstrous and detestable crimes can you imagine the which in trueth cannot bee purged but by the bloud of such as haue committed them But what frenzie made you presume being but eight thousand men better without doubt than Albius and Atrius to whom you haue subiected your selues to be able to take the prouince of Spaine from the Romanes by force I being dead or aliue the rest of the Romane forces being safe with the which I haue in one day taken new Carthage by assault defeated foure great captaines and chased foure Carthaginian armies out of Spaine Thinke you that the greatnesse and strength of the Romane commonweale consists in the life or death of any captaine whatsoeuer What am I more than Flaminius Paulus Gracchus Posthumus Albinus M. Marcellus T. Crispinus C. Fuluius the two of our house and so many other braue and valiant captaines which haue died in this warre and yet the people of Rome stand firme and would still although there should dye a thousand more either by sword or sicknesse much lesse can the Romane state shrinke or decay by my death After that my father and vncle who were your captaines had beene slaine in these countries you your selues did chuse L. Septimius Martius to bee your head against the pride and insolencie of the Carthaginians I speake of him as if Spaine wanted other captaines M. Syllanus is not he here also with equall authoritie to myselfe L. Scipio my brother and C. Lelius lieutenants are not they here also Would not these men haue maintained and defended the maiestie of the Romane Empire What comparison can you make betwixt the armies the commaunders and the causes And admit you had all aduantages should you therefore take armes against your countrey and fellow citizens renounce the countrey which hath bred you with your wiues and children to adhere vnto the enemie and to chuse your abode at Succron And what was the reason for that your pay was a little protracted by reason of your Generals sickenesse O worthie cause to make you violate all diuine and humane lawes O Romanes you haue wonderfully erred beleeue me you haue lost all reason and iudgement and the infirmitie of your minds hath beene worse than that which afflicted my bodie My words seeme sharpe vnto you but your actions haue beene farre more sharpe which if you repent I desire there should bee no more mention made of them but remaine buried in forgetfulnesse holding the repentance of such detestable acts to bee a sufficient chastisement for as much as concernes you all in generall But as for Albius Calenus Atrius Vmber and others which haue beene the authors of this wicked sedition they shall expiate their follies with their bloud the which should not be displeasing vnto you but rather desired and applauded seeing they sought to ruine you and haue offended none more than you In this manner Scipio spake vnto the seditious souldiours and presently execution was done of these fiue and thirtie men with horrour and great feare to all the rest of the offendors For the armed souldiours which stood about the assembly began to beat their targuets the names of them that were condemned were openly pronounced by the crier The punishmâ—â— of the chiefe offendors they were drawne naked tied to posts vnto the place beaten and torne with rods and then beheaded all the assistants being so amazed with feare as there was not a sigh heard among them The bodies being carried away and the place cleansed after the accustomed manner Scipio made the souldiours to take a new oathe and they were paied what was due vnto them calling them by name one after another This was the end of the mutinie and sedition made at Succron vertuously and yet mildly chastised by Scipio Sedition is a mischiefe which doth much import estates considering the qualitie of the crime which was of such consequence for great estates as many haue not spared innocents themselues to terrifie others At the same time Hanno had bin sent by Mago to the mouth of Betis which is now Guadalquiber with a small number of Africanes who gathered together some 4000 men vpon those marches but he was charged by L. Martius and forced in his campe and most of his souldiors slain some at the assault of his rampars and the rest in the field being pursued by the horsemen as they fled and he with a small number saued himselfe Whilest this was doing about that riuer Lelius arriued with his sea armie at Carteia hauing past the strait at the entrie whereof this towne is situated in the Ocean The practise of the Gaditans discouered and supprest The Romanes thought they should haue meanes to surprise the towne of Gadiz by intelligence as they had contriued it with some of the inhabitants but this
same night he called Don Manuell her other sonne into her presence who was more wise and discreet then his brother vnto whom hauing told the Dukes death and the causes wherefore he died hee gaue all that his brother did possesse and more and conferring with him with a fatherly affection hee promised to cause him to be sworne and acknowledged for Prince and heire to the crowne of Portugall after his death and Don Alphonso his sonne but hee would not permit him to name himselfe Duke of Viseo as his brother had done but Duke of Beja Lord of Viseo and Maister of the Order de Christus and hee made him Lord of the Isle of Madera and gaue him other lands The Duke was at the same time onely seauenteene yeeres of age A Spheare vpon the armes of Portugall and the King gaue him a Sphere for a diuise to beare in his armes the which the Kings of Portugall doe yet at this day beare in their armes and royall scutcheon the same was a lucky presage vnto him of the conquests and discoueries which were afterward made in his reigne and name vnder both the Poles the same was likewise fore-told by the Bishop of La Garde a great Mathematicien in regard of his Horoscope and position of the heauens at his Natiuity being in the yeere 1468. albeit that such iudgments are deceiuable and vnlawfull for the actions of Kings and the euents of all other matters depend vpon Gods onely Ordonance Now when the confederates vnderstood of the Duke of Viseos death and that their practizes were discouered each of them thought to saue one but all of them were not quicke enough for Don Pedro d' Albuquerque was taken as he fled towards Lisbone and Don Pedro d'Atayde at Saint Iren who were brought to the Court The like happened to the Bishop of Ebora and to Don Fernand de Meneses his brother and to Don Gutierre Coutino As for D' Aluaro D'Atayde who remained at Saint Iren accompanied with men at armes attending the successe of their businesse meaning to haue taken Donna Ioane surnamed the Excellent who was a Nunne from the Monastery of Saint Clare at Coimbra and to haue lodged her in the castle he fled away into Spaine and so did Don Lopes d'Albuquerque Earle of Pennamaçor with all his family D. Fernand de Silueyra hauing beene hidden by one of his father seruants A Seruants faithfulnesse who neither for grieuous threatnings nor for promises of reward from the King could euer be drawne to disclose him did likewise escape and fled into Spaine The King to iustifie the Duke of Viseos death and to giue notice thereof to all men caused his processe to be made after that he had slaine him and condemned the rest D. Fernand de Menses and D. Pedro were beheaded and quartered as traitors As for D. Guttiere Coutino he was committed to the tower of Auis The Duke of Viseos complices and conseâ—derates are executed for D. Vasco his brother who had reuealed much of the conspiracy to the King did a while prolong his life neuerthelesse hee did not escape nor is it certainely knowne how he died D. Garcia de Meneses Bishop of Ebora beeing prisoner in the castle of Palmela was found dead vpon the cesterne of the said fort and there is great presumption that his daies were violently shortned At the same time the Kings of Castile were at Siuill where receiuing newes that the conspiracy was discouered and imagining that the Duke of Viseo should bee committed to prison and that King Iohn would not haue proceeded against him so indiscreetly they hauing no notice of his sodaine death did send D. Inigo Manriques Bishop of Leon and Gaspar Fabro a Knight of Arragon Ambassadors into Portugall with instruction to entreate the King to saue the Duke of Viseos life if he were yet liuing and if he were dead to comfort the Dutchesse his mother who had beene the cause of the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall The Ambassadors perceiuing the Duke of Viseo to bee dead did their best to comfort the sorrowfull mother and so returned into Spaine without speaking to King Iohn who neuer ceassed to pursue Don Fernand de Silueyra vntill hee had driuen him out of Spaine He was afterward slaine in Auignon by an Earle of Cattalonia who was likewise banished from his country but the French King had like to haue taken his head from his shoulders in requitall of his paines This Earle was afterward liberally rewarded by king Iohn for that he had rid him of an enemy The Earle of Pegnamaçor died in Castile D. Aluaro of Atayde liued a banished man during the life of King Iohn and in King Manuels time returned into Portugall By these seuerities King Iohn was feared of all his subiects in regard he had not spared those two great Lords who were of the greatest parentage in Portugall The yere 1485. the commons of Castile sent their Deputies and Commissioners to Orgas where D. Alphonso of Arragon An. 1485. Duke of Villahermosa lay Castile who was captaine generall of their Hermandades or brotherhoods and with him D. Alphonso de Burgos Bishop of Cuenca president of the royall Councel and Alphonso de Quintanilla who hauing propounded the great costs and charges which the Kings were at in following the Moorish wars did demaÌ„d a subsidy the which was very readily graated in regard they did see that it should be emploied in matters so worthy and proffitable for the commonwealth The Gouernors and captaines on the frontiers of Andaluzia would lose no fit occasion that might anoy the Moores who did all of them in a manner follow King Muley Albohacen Moores and had almost restored him to all his lands in Granado reuolting from Mahumet the Little because he had beene aided by Christian Kings so that they left him no other place of retreat but only the city of Almery from whence hee made cruell warre vpon the Moores which tooke his fathers part they meaning altogether to despoyle him of all rule and gouernment in Granado and perceiuing King Muley Albohacen to bee already old and vnfit for warre did elect a brother of his one of King Ismaels sonnes for their gouernour in Granado who was likewise called Muley Boabdalin who thinking it most necessary for the establishing of his Kingdome to ridde his Nephew Mahomet out of the world hee had secret intelligences with the chiefe men of his faction which were neere in credit about his person in Almery whom he induced by promises to deliuer their Prince and City into his hands at a certaine time appointed before which place Muley Boabdellin shewing himselfe they failed not to open him the gates they let him in vpon such a sodain as Mahumet hardly escaped with life but God gaue him meanes to escape leauing a young brother of his behinde him who was cruelly murthered by his enemies after the taking of which towne Muley Boabdellin openly and without
summoned and solicited That he should not disdaine to submit himselfe to the Emperour Charles as his vassall and to pay him tribute and moreouer to make himselfe a Christian else they threatened him that the Pope would depriue him of his realme and would giue it wholly vnto the Emperour the which he might well doe sayed they for hee was Gods lieutenant on earth of God who had made all the world of nothing and who to deliuer and saue men from the slauerie of the euill spirit had made himselfe man had died vpon the crosse and was called Christ Iesus Father Vincent a Iacobine Monke was messenger of this summons To whom Atabalipa answered That hee did much esteeme and desire the Emperours friendship and would send him presents as to his friend but to pay him tribute he would not doe it the kings of Cusco being accustomed to make others tributarie That as for the Pope whose power hee did alledge hee held him for some madde man seeing he presumed to giue vnto another that which was not in his power and where he had no right And in regard of Iesus Christ and of his seruice he saied that he had no knowledge of it and therefore he would not leaue the auncient gods of Cusco and especially for that he vnderstood by him that Christ was alreadie dead He would therefore adhere rather to the Sonne and the Moone which died not And touching that which he did assure him that the Christians God had made heauen and earth of nothing and finally all the world he demaunded of him where he had learned it for he thought that the world had euer beene or at the least many thousands of yeares wondering much that the Monke who was not yet much aduanced in the first hundred of the course of his life did speake so confidently of such ancient things Frier Vincent replied That the Emperour Charles was a great Monarch whom many kings as mightie as the king of Cusco obeyed and therefore he should not make triall of his force nor compare himselfe vnto him and holding in the one had a Crucifix and in the other a Bible he told Atabalipa that that Image had instructed him what the creation of the world had beene and the booke contained the certaine historie The king taking this booke in his hand opened it and turned it ouer he smelt to it and layed his eare to it hearkening if it spake any thing vnto him but seeing there was no feeling in it and that it spake not any thing he cast it to the ground saying That both the booke and Monke mockt him Wherefore Frier Vincent hauing taken vp his booke returned to Picarro to whom hauing related all he persuaded him to take some cruell reuenge of the impietie of that Infidell king The two armies therefore being so neere as one might say they were mingled within the circuit of the great citie of Caxamalcan the Spaniards ran vpon the Indians with a great thunder of muskets and artillerie and the sound of drums and trumpets wherewith the Indians being not acquainted were daunted and confounded Atabalipa himselfe was so amazed as forgetting the duetie of a generall not giuing them any signe nor commaunding to fight he saw them slaine by heapes neere vnto the place where he was set vpon an high seat of gold carried on his gards shoulders who sought to retire him out of the prease Atabalipa defeated taken and to flie away with him but they were staied and their king ouerthrowne and taken being abandoned by all his people most of them escaping by flight By this victorie and the taking of the king of Cusco the Spaniards made themselues easily masters of all the townes of that great and rich kingdome and the souldiers were instantly made rich with the spoyle of the kings mouables and of the noblemen of his traine with a wonderfull quantitie of gold siluer and slaues among the which there were found fiue hundred maids and wiues which did serue king Atabalipa who for a time was honourably garded in hope to be set at libertie for the which he promised to glut the couetousnesse of the Spaniards whom he saw to be verie greedie after gold and siluer yea he offered to goe into Spaine or whereas the Emperour should be and was persuaded to be baptised But notwithstanding all this they strangled him cruelly and hauing halfe burnt him they caused his bodie to be laid in a chappell built to that end in the market place of Caximalcan for that they would haue all men honor his funerall excusing themselues of the execution vnder colour of justice for that said they hee had treacherously made secret leuies of souldiers in the realme of Quito to surprise the Spaniards and to free himselfe by force out of their hands and also for that he had put his brother Guascar to death after the same maner being their allie The which he dissembled not for that said he he had attempted to take away his life to raigne In the place of him that was dead there was set vp by Francis Picarro the gouernor for a shew another brother of his called Mangan others name him also Atabalipa who discouered vnto them part of the treasures so as the present fruits of this victorie amounted to many millions drawne as well out of the kings houses as out of the Indians tombes being accustomed to burie with the dead bodie the most precious things they had and in like maner from their temples in the towne of Pauca Canu in that of Cusco which is the chiefe of the realme This great citie of Cusco is situated 17 degrees beyond the Equinoctiall line towards the South sea in a temperat region yet their Winters are somewhat sharp in their season that is when we haue Summer for those people are almost Antipodes to vs the cold continues and is the greater for that the high mountaines of that countrey are most part of the yeare couered with snow Soone after this conquest of Picarro Iames of Almagra who had a good share in the honor thereof went and inuaded the region of Chile or Chiliane but he found more difficultie than he expected for besides that his men were in daunger of death through cold hee found stronger resistance the people being more warlike than they of Cusco Discipline of them of Peru at the warre whom notwithstanding the Spaniards do not represent vnto vs without dexteritie or martial discipline for they witnes that in their armies they did obserue a foreward a battel a rereward that they had scours and forlorne hopes which were excellent casters in slings as in old time they of Majorca were who furiously began the fight casting a showre of hard polished stones as big as an egge carrying a a targuet on the left arme Their chiefe battalion where their king was did consist of men richly armed with cuerasses quilted with cotton bonets of the same reasonably strong to resist
that estate least that his recouerie should alter that good happy disposition The continuall feuer whereof he had languished three yeres and the violent torments of the gout had prepared him for death long before he was ready to take him He gaue no eare to any discourse but touching his departure A gentleman of his chamber seeing him to haue some intermission of his pains aduised him to remoue into some other chamber that was more chearefull the Physitians warranting that hee might liue two yeares longer Giue said hee this picture of our Ladie to the Infanta it was the Empresse my Mothers and I haue worne it fifty yeares He spake of his departure as of a royall entrie into goodliest Cities vnder his obedience and of his funeral as of a Coronation I will said hee haue this Crucifix hung at my neck and resting vpon my breast I will haue that in my hand with the which my father dyed Hold a candle of Mont Sarrat readie and giue it me when I am in the Agonie Goe said hee to two Religious men and measure my fathers Herse obserue how hee is laid I will be so and with no more ceremonie than the poorest Monke in this Monasterie They that were about him spake of his constancie as Saint Augustin did of the admirable resolution of a holy Spaniard The violence of his paine was great but the force of his courage was greater the one suffered and the other sung the flesh suffered and the spirit spake Nothing liued more in him than a feeling of his sinnes the which toucht him so neere as after that they had made an incision in his knee and the Prince his Sonne asking him if he felt not the paine of his greene wound I feele said the king the wounds of my sinnes much more Approaching towards his end hee commaunded that the Marquesse of Mondejar should bee set at libertie but restrained from comming to court and that the wife of Anthony Perez sometimes his Secretarie should bee set at libertie vpon condition that hee should retire himselfe into some Monasterie Hee receiued the extreme vnctions from the Archbishop of Toledo after that hee had demaunded the manner of the administration thereof for that hee had neuer seene it giuen Hee had resolued to send the Prince and the Infanta â—o Madrid for that they should not bee present at the pitifull spectacle of the ruine of his bodie but hee changed his opinion and would haue the Prince present when they gaue him the extreme vnction after which hee commanded them to leaue him alone with his Sonne King Philips last speech vnto his Sonne to whome hee spake these words I was desirous my son you shold assist at this last actioÌ„ to the end you shold not liue in ignorance as I haue done how this holy Sacrament is administred that you might see the end of kings and whereunto their Crownes and Scepters are reduced Death is readie to snatch the Crowne from my head and to set it vpon yours Therein I recommend two things vnto you the one is that you remaine alwaies obedient vnto the Church the other that you doe justice to your subiects The time will come when this Crowne shall fall from your head as it doth now from mine you are young I haue beene so my daies are numbred and are ended God keepes the accompt of yours and they shall likewise end They say that hee did enioyne him with passion to make warre against Heretikes and to entertaine peace with France The Prince thinking that his end approached demaunded the golden key of the Cabinet from D. Christopher de Mora meaning to grace the Marquesse of Denia his fauourite therewith but hee desired the Prince to pardon him saying that hee might not leaue it whilest the king was liuing but by his expresse commandement whereat the Prince was offended D. Christopher complained hereof vnto the king who neither commended the demaund being too sudden nor allowed of his refusall commanding D. Christopher to carrie it vnto the Prince and to craue his pardon who returning to visit his father D. Christopher de Mora kneeling downe 〈◊〉 the key and deliuered it vnto him the which the Prince tooke and gaue to the Marquesse of Denia And as the prince and the Infanta stood before his bed hee said vnto them I recommend vnto you D. Christopher de Mora the best seruant I euer had with all my other seruants And so giuing them his last farewell and imbracing them his speech fayled him continuing two daies in that estate vntill hee died being seuenty and one yeares old and hauing raigned fifty He was borne at Vailledolit the fiue and twentieth of Aprill Birth and â—â—ature of the king of Spaine in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred twenty and six and dyed the thirteenth of September 1598. He was but little of stature yet of a pleasing aspect but no goodlie man by reason of his great nether lip which is hereditarie in the house of Austria otherwise he was faire of complexion rather resembling a Fleming than a Spaniard of so found a constitution of body as he was sildome or neuer sicke He was sometimes troubled with faintings and did neuer eat any fish he was of a constant resolution and of a great spirit apprehending presently the ends of things and foreseeing them with an admirable wisdome and iudgement Pope Clement the eight hearing newes of his death assembled the Consistorie where after audience giuen vnto the Cardinalls hee told them in a graue speech full of passion Popes iudgment vpon the death of king Philip. That if euer the holy Sea had cause of greefe and affliction it was for the death of that Prince the Church hauing lost a great Protector and her persecutors a mightie enemie That his whole life had beene nothing but a warfaâ—e against infidelities heresies and errors That two things did comfort them in this losse the one that being dead with an admirable conformitie in the will of God an incredible patience in his paines and an vnchangeable constancie in his Religion he held him rewarded in heauen with immortall glorie the other that hee had left a Sonne which made them hope that it was rather a resurrection of the father than a succession of the Sonne In the end hee recommended them both to their praiers paying thereby for what the one had done and what the other offered to doe by his letters for the good of the Church To speake of his vertues Vertues of king Philip. it is said that all good Princes may bee written in a ring Philip had great vertues it were a rare thing to haue all The seedes of such princes as haue no defects are in heauen Hee was great in pietie Religion justice liberalitie and constancy His pietie As for his pietie and religion hee hath beene heard to say that if the prince his Sonne became an Hereâ—ike or a Schismaticke hee would bring fagots himselfe to
greatnesse made a generall league of many Communalties against them whereupon they of Gades finding themselues too weake to make head against so great a multitude they resolued to call in to their succour and to the spoyle of Spaine the Carthaginians of Africke The Gaditanes call the Carthaginians into Spaine their brethren comming from the same race and towne The citie of Carthage was then a great Commonweale the which had a great jurisdiction among the Africanes and sought onely to enlarge their Empire so as they were readie to run into Spaine with this honest and religious pretext to succour the oppressed whereas they not onely freed the Gaditanes from all feare of the Spaniards but did also subdue the people of Spaine setled themselues there Carthaginians desire more to be great than iust and gouerned it as their Prouince from whence they drew afterwards so great treasure and other commodities as they presumed to assayle the greatest Potentates in the world The name of Spaniards before this warre had beene great among other nations onely in regard that they serued as a prey to all strangers which were they only which held the lower countrey and the coast of the Mediterranean sea and part of the Ocean South and West among the which some nations of Europe and Asia had built and peopled some townes As for those which liued in the heart of the countrey and in the mountains their fame was more obscure being for the most part rough and barbarous hauing scarce any commerce with strangers but to rob and steale which was their best practise and therefore vntill the comming of the Carthaginians they had beene as it were free and assured both from inuasion and trade doing wrong rather than taking any but afterwards they did all in generall learne to manage armes with discipline they vndertooke parties contracted alliances among themselues and with other nations growing by little and little more politicke ciuile and courteous The Celtes were alreadie mingled with the Iberians about the riuer of Ebro and passing on they obtained lands and habitations in Lusitania and in a corner of Betica which was neere vnto them then passing the riuer of Duero they planted themselues betwixt it and Minio and consequently to the mountains in the countrey which from them tooke the name of Gallicia and doth still hold it whereas they built the towne of Porto vpon the confines of the Lusitanians which is at this time a Bishopricke retaining the name of Portugall and so goes on to the Westerne sea 2 The Celtes Iberians and other Spaniards farre from the sea as they were almost like in manners had as is sayd maintained their reputation free and vnited vntill this descent of the Carthaginians who hauing resolued to settle themselues in Spaine seized first vpon the Island of Iuisa Masee the first Generall of the Carthaginian arme in Spaine 562 yeres before Christ. and fortified it Masee being Generall of this Armie This was fiue hundred sixtie two yeares before the comming of Christ and an hundred eightie nine yeares after the foundation of Rome After which time watching their opportunitie eight and fortie yeares after they sent a great fleet of shippes into Spaine led by one Maherbal vnder colour to relieue the Gaditanes who had beene vanquished by Baucius Capis then reigning ouer the Turditanians their neighbours The name of the protection and support of this puissant Commonweale of Carthage purchased the Gaditanes a peace and free trade the which drew so manie families from Carthage into the Island and Citie as exceeding the rest they got the absolute commaund thereof Maherbal yet liuing The Carthaginians continued for a time without any care of the affaires of Spaine beeing very much afflicted with drought and other discommodities they hauing great warre in Sicile and Sardinia but about the yeare 255 they vndertooke againe the conquest of Spaine whither they sent Asdrubal and Amilcar sonnes to Mago Passing by Sardinia Asdrubal was slaine there leauing three children Hanniball the eldest Asdrubal and Psappho Amilcar was diuerted from Spaine by the warres of Sicile where he was also slaine and had three sonnes in like manner Himilco Hanno and Gisgo The yeare 272 after the foundation of Rome they sent a small supplie of nine hundred souldiors into Spaine whom they would haue land in the Islands of the Baleares but they were repulsed and soon after Psappho sonne to Asdrubal had charge to keepe the Spaniards in awe who were sollicited by the Africane Moores their neighbours to joyne with them against the Carthaginians who by his wisedome restrained them and moreouer got sufficient forces from them to force the Moores to sue for peace and to giue ouer their enterprises against the citie of Carthage In this warre the vertue of Saruc of Barce a towne neere vnto Carthage author of the Barcinian faction was very famous Psappho liued in great reputation who after his death was by opinion receiued into the number of the gods the which he had procured during his life For he had caused certaine birds to be taught to speake and made them learne to say That Psappho was a great god Which birds being let flye they chattered out those words in the fields to the great admiration of the people After his decease the Prouince of Spaine was committed to Himilco and Hanno the sonnes of Amilcar his cousins who tried by faire and plausible means to draw the inhabitants of the Baleares to liue in amitie with their Commonweale Hanno being arriued at Gades and desiring to discouer the country and the coast of Spaine without the strait he sayled vnto the holy Promontorie or Cap S. Vincent and hauing giuen aduice vnto the Senat of that which he had seene and vnderstood he obtained leaue to continue his discouerie as well vpon the coast of Spaine as Africke in the Ocean sea whereupon he prepared two fleets the one for the coast of Europe and to passe vnto the Gaules and farther if he might the charge whereof he gaue vnto his brother Himilco and of the other he would be captaine and conductor himselfe and sayle towards Africke so in the beginning of the yeare 307 of the foundation of Rome they set sayle either of them taking his course Himilco parting from the port of Heraclee which was in the strait coasted the Mesenians and Selbitians passed the Promontorie of Iuno and the mouth of the riuer Cylbis which runneth betwixt Barbarie and Huelua neere vnto the which in old time was the Island of Erythrea which is not to be seene at this day vnlesse it be that of Gades it selfe and then he discouered the Tartessian forrests and did see the Turditanes coast whereas the riuer Betis fell into the sea at that time by foure mouthes afterwards reduced to two but now there is but one Passing on there came into his sight Mont Cassius rich in veines of Tynne from whence it is likely it tooke his name beyond the which
appointed to second these footmen with some bands of horse who arriued fitly for the combat was doubtfull The Spaniards were repulst by these succours with great slaughter yet they fainted not for all this but presented themselues the next day in order of battel vpon the same place and for that the vallie was not able to containe all their forces they brought forth some two third parts of their foot and all their horse The Romans held the straitnesse of the place to bee an aduantage for them for that their souldiours did fight better close than in an open field who kept their rankes and did not run vp and downe like vnto the Spaniards besides they saw that they should haue to deale but with two third parts of the enemies armie And Scipio resolued of a stratagem for seeing that he could not flanke his footmen with his horse by reason of the straitnesse of the place and that by the same reason the enemies horse were also vnprofitable he commaunded Lelius to lead all his horsemen about the hills and to seeke some passage to charge the Spanish horsemen vpon the backe and to draw them from their foot A battell betwixt the Romans and naturall Spaniards And to the end the enemie should not discouer what Lelius intended he presently went against the enemie with his footmen placing foure companies onely in front for that he could not do otherwise so the battell began in two seuerall places betwixt two battailons of foot and two of horse whereas one could not succour another till in the end the Spanish foot being put to rout their horsemen being prest before by the legions and behind by the Roman horse were all presently slaine so as of all the horse and foot which fought in the vallie there escaped not any one The other third part of the Spanish army which came not to fight but had only been spectators in a safe place on the top of the hils had all means to flie away among whom there escaped Mandonius Indibilis The campe and all their baggage was taken with 3000 prisoners and of the Romans there were slaine about 1200 about 3000 hurt The Spaniards defeated There is no doubt but they had gotten this victorie with lesse bloud if the field had beene larger and that the Spaniards might haue fled more easily Mandonius and Indibilis yeeld to Scipiors mercy After this rout Indibilis resolued to lay aside armes and as the safest way to submit himselfe to Scipioes faith and clemencie the which hee had tried and therefore he sent Mandonius his brother vnto him who did prostrate himselfe at his feet confessing their fault which seemed said he to be as a fatall disease in that season hauing not onely run among the Ilergetes and Lacetanes but also infected the campe and Romane armie finally that both he and his brother were come thither being readie either to yeeld vp their liues to Scipio from whom they had receiued them if it were his pleasure or in taking them againe from him to be for euer bound vnto him It was an auntient custome with the Romanes not to capitulate nor to haue any peace with them with whom they had no allyance nor friendship before they did yeeld into their hands whatsoeuer they held were it holy or prophane giuen hostages deliuered vp their armes and receiued garrisons into their townes Scipio was content to receiue Mandonius present and Indibilis being absent at that time Scipio pardons the rebellious Spaniards with some bitter speeches giuing them to vnderstand that they had deserued death but they receiued their liues by the grace of the people of Rome Moreouer that hee would not disarme them which was the assurance they did vsually take of rebels but would they should hold them freely and to be void from feare but if they reuolted againe they should know he would not be reuenged of innocent hostages but vpon such as had offended and that he would punish those that should present themselues in armes and not the disarmed Wherefore they should chuse whether they would haue the Romanes fauourable vnto them or incensed against them Thus was Mandonius sent away without any other punishment than money which they commaunded him to furnish to pay the armie Scipio hauing sent L. Martius before to passe the riuer of Ebro and Syllanus to Tarracone he staied some time vntil the Ilergetes had paid their money and then he followed after Martius who approached neere vnto the Ocean with some few men and no baggage 25 The treatie begun with Massinissa had beene delaied for diuers reasons for this Numidian would treat with Scipio himselfe and make his promises to him This made Scipio to vndertake a long voiage Massinissa was in the island of Gades where hauing intelligence by Marius that Scipio approached he told the Gouernour Mago That the horses and horsmen were spoiled in the island where they caused a dearth of all things to the hurt of others desiring him to giue them leaue to passe into the firme land to make some courses into the enemies countrey Being past he presently sent three of the chiefe among the Numidians to Scipio two of the which should remaine for hostages and the third returne to bring him notice of the day and place where the enteruiew should be A parley betwixt Massinissa and Scipio to the preiudice of the Romans where they met with a small companie Massinissa first of all thanked Scipio That he had sent him his nephew his brothers sonne then he said vnto him That he had long desired to see that day and that hee desired much to doe something that might be acceptable vnto him and profitable to the Romans wherein hee would imploy himselfe more willingly than any stranger whatsoeuer the effects whereof he could not yet shew in Spain a country vnknowne vnto him but in place where he was borne and bred hoping to succeed his father in the kingdome and that if the Romanes did send Scipio into Africke he did hope to worke so as the estate of Carthage should not stand long Massinissa was welcome vnto Scipio who heard his words with great content knowing that whatsoeuer had beene valiantly performed in Spaine by the horsemen was done vnder the onely leading of Massinissa who shewed by his carriage and countenance that he was a yong prince of great hope So hauing plighted their faith one vnto another they parted Scipio towards Tarracone and Massinissa to Gades and to the end hee would not seeme to haue passed into the firme land in vaine he spoyled some of the neighbour countrey neere the shore with Scipioes consent 26 Mago being made frustrat of his conceiued hope to repaire the Carthaginians affairs in Spaine by the Spaniards rebellion vnder Mandonius and Indibilis and the sedition of the Romane souldiours resolued to goe into Africke when as being readie to depart he receiued order from the Senat of Carthage by the which he was
himselfe to be carried to Tarracona The Cantabrians assailed both by land and sea towards Gaule Aquitaine came to fight with Antistius and Firmius by whom they were defeated in many encounters and their townes taken A great number of Gallicians hauing fortified themselues on a mountaine then called Medullius neere vnto the riuer of Minio Cruell 〈◊〉 of Barbarians they were besieged and so pressed as they must of necessitie either fight or yeeld but hauing not the courage to defend themselues and being loath to fall into seruitude they all slew themselues The Asturians being camped neere vnto the riuer which giues the name vnto their countrey thought to surprise the Romane armie and without doubt had defeated them if their enterprise had not beene discouered They were afterwards put to rout by P. Carisius but not without great slaughter of his men Hee also tooke Lancia the chiefe towne of Asturia being abandoned So the warre ended and at the same instant Augustus hauing dismissed the old souldiours hee gaue them leaue to build the towne of Emerita in Lusitania Emerita sounded by Augustus Saragâ—sse at this day it is Merida in Portugall Then also the towne of Salduba was first called Cesar Augusta in honor of Octauius Augustus it is now Saragosse the which he did much enlarge with buildings Fiue and twentie yeares before the birth of our Sauiour the way was paued from Cordoua to Astigi vpon the Ocean It appeares by this inscription which is at Cordoua on a pillar of greene stone whereon Augustus name is grauen and the number of twelue miles which is the distance from Cordoua to the sea Imp. Caesar. Diui. F. Augustus Cos. VIII Trib. Potest XXI Pont. Max. A. Baete Iano Augusto Ad. Oceanum C. XXI This Temple of Ianus was by all conjectures built by Augustus at Cordoua in signe of a perpetuall peace After Caesars returne Sextus Apuleius Proconsull shewed some proofes of his valour in Spaine for the which he triumphed and afterwards L. Aemilius suppressed the Cantabrians Gouernment of Spaine vnder the emperours and Asturians who rebelled againe After which time Spaine was gouerned by Pretors and Proconsuls the which are sometimes called in Latine Praesides vnto the time of Dioclesian and Maximin Strabo saith That in his time which was during the empires of Augustus and Tiberius the prouince of Betica was giuen vnto the people of Rome who appointed a Gouernour or Pretor hauing a Lieutenant and a Treasurer the rest of Spaine remaining at the emperours disposition who sent two lieutenants the one in qualitie of Vice-Pretor the other as Vice-Consull The Vice-Pretor with the helpe of a lieutenant or legat did justice and had jurisdiction ouer all Lusitania from the riuer of Betis vnto Duero the other part being Taracconese did obey the Vice-Consull who had a great armie entertained with three lieutenants the one commaunded the Cantabrians Asturians and the country of Gallicia the other gouerned along the Mediterranean sea and the third had charge of the inner countries The Generals place of residence was at Carthagene or Tarracone The emperours which came after made first two and then one Gouernour of Spaine and not alwayes of one sort About the time of Maximinian and Dioclesian the Gouernours were called Earles Earles and Vicars gouerning Spaine and their lieutenants Vicars and when as the Gothes began to erect a kingdome that small portion which held for the Romanes along the shore of the prouince of Carthagene and the mountains of the Cantabrians and Asturians Dukes called Prâ—fecti were gouerned by Dukes whom they called Praefecti Octauius Caesar surnamed Augustus The fiâ—st yere of Christ. 752 of Rome had held the empire about two and fortie yeares when our Sauiour Iesus Christ the eternall sonne of God was borne God and man of the virgine Marie of the tribe of Iuda in the citie of Beth-leem of Iuda which was in the yere 757 of the foundation of Rome The night when as the Lord of peace came vpon the earth was as some write as bright and cleere in Spaine as the noone day The computation of times shall hereafter be taken from the birth of our Sauiour An. 16 of Christ in the 16 yeare of whose life Augustus died Then Sextilius Hena a Poet of Cordoua flourished in Spaine being now brought wholly to the manners of the Romans 21 The Spaniards being much affected to Augustus did obtaine of C. Tiberius Nero his successour leaue to build a goodly temple in honour of him in the towne of Tarracone This emperour kept the Gallicians Asturians and Cantabrians vnder with strong garrisons hauing beene formerly subdued by Augustus In his time they of Lisbone gaue it out That they had seene and heard Triton in certaine hollow rockes Triton a diuelish illusion singing and playing vpon a comet as they painted him And Plinie reports that vpon the sea shore a Nereide had beene seene couered with scales yea whereas she caried a humane shape and that they had heard the grones and complaints she made dying Vibius Serenus a tyrannous gouernor punished Vnder Tiberius Vibius Serenus Proconsull of the further Spaine accused by his owne sonne and conuicted was condemned as a tyrant and banished into the island Amorgos one of the Cyclades Iunius Gallio brother to Seneca the Senator was also banished for that he had propounded in Senat to honour the old souldiours which had beene dismist with higher seats in the Theatre and at publique shewes hauing not first spoken thereof vnto the emperour Tiberius The Spanish flatterers doing idolatrie vnto princes would also haue made a temple vnto Tiberius and to his mother the which was prohibited Tiberius saying Tiberius doth madesâ—ly refuse diuine honours Anno 16. That he was a man and no god demaunding no other thing of them but that they would retaine a good and commendable memorie of him after his death The six and twentieth yeare of our saluation L. Piso a great oppressor of the people was slaine in the hither Spaine where he was Pretor An exacting gouernour slaine by a peasant by a peasant of Termes who being taken and tortured would neuer confesse who had made him to commit this murther This man slipping out of the officers hands which led him to the racke againe beat his own head so violently against a stone as instantly he lost both sence and life In those times one of the richest men of Spaine called Sextus Marius was accused to haue accompanied with his owne daughter carnally for the which he was cast downe headlong from the rocke Tarpeien but his great wealth was the cause of his death more than his crime Tiberius had raigned seuenteene yeares Anno 34. when as our Sauiour Iesus Christ suffered death for the redemption of mankind hauing finished the three and thirtieth yeare of his life 22 The healthfull doctrine of our redemption by him The Gospel preached in Spain in Tiberius time was
the yeare 194. Rome lost two emperours in lesse than a yeare Pertinax and Didius Iulian so as in the yeare 195 Anno 195. L. Septimius Seuerus a great personage borne in Africke he who had gouerned Spaine in the time of M. Aurelius tooke the gouernment of the empire Vnder him was the fift persecution of the Church especially in Spaine whereas Cornelius was gouernor who put Felix a priest The fift persecution vnder Fortunatus and Archilochus to death at Valence for that they had preached the Gospell Vnder his sonne Caracalla Opilius Macrinus Heliogabalus and Alexander Seuerus who raigned from the yeare two hundred and thirteene vnto two hundred thirtie and eight the Spanish historie doth not furnish anything memorable although those times did not passe without great exploits whereof there remaine some obscure markes among the stones and medailles At Gades there is the basis of the image of Mammea mother to Alexander Seuerus where this inscription is to be seene Iuliae Mammeae Aug. Matri Impe. Caesaris M. Aurelij Seueri Alexandri Pij F. Aug. M. Castrorum Col. Iul. Gem. Accitana Deuot. Numini M. Q. Eius But Maximin being come to the empire the sixt persecution began of the Christians in the which Maximus and many other faithfull were slaine neere vnto Tarracone After Maximin vnto Decius the empire of Rome was in great combustion by reason of the ordinary murthers of such as did affect the soueraigntie for the space of fifteen yeres in the which there perished by a violent death Maximin Balbinus Puienus Gordian and Philip during which time we find not any thing of Spaine worth the writing Anno 241. but that about the yeare 241 Antherus bishop of Rome did write vnto the bishops of the prouinces of Betica and Toledo admonishing them among other things to be graue and constant and not to fleet from church to church if necessitie and the publique good did not presse them whereby it wil appeare by this history that their successors had small regard vnto this aduertisement but haue rather sought their priuat commoditie Many other epistles of holy men are found written to the bishops of Spaine and to their churches among others an epistle decretall of S. Ciprian and other bishops assembled at the Councell of Africk Basilides and Martiall condemned by the Councell of Africke The seuenth persecution by the which Basilides and Martiall Idolaters and infected with many vices were declared vnworthie of all Episcopall dignities and it seemes that the one was bishop of Legio Gemina and the other of Emerita Whilest that Decius gouerned the empire vnder whom began the 7 persecution of the Church the first Councel of Spaine was held at Toledo whereas Xyste a Grecian was present who soone after was bishop of Rome yet there is no mention made of this Councell but by Spaniards The Spanish histories write nothing of his time nor of Gallus Volusianus nor Aemilianus which succeeded him As for Valerian Anno 256. who came to the empire in the yeare 256 he was verie cruel against the Christians and his persecution is accounted the eight The eight persecution vnder Valorian Vnder him and Decius S. Laurence borne at Osca in Catelognia was martyred whom Xiste who as we haue said was come to the Councell of Toledo had led with him to Rome passing by Sarragossa whereas this holy man spent his time in studie Vnder the same Valerian by the commandement of Emylian the gouernor there were also put to death for the faith of Christ Fructuosus bishop of Tarracone with Augurius and Eulogia two deacons of whom Prudentius a Christian Poet did write hymnes Parmenius was also put to death at Cordoua Valerian author of these wicked persecutions did soone after receiue a worthy reward for his impietie for he was taken by Sapor king of Persia and kept all his life time ignominiously in chains the which it seemes did moue Galien his son and companion to leaue the Churches in quiet although he were the most corrupted prince vpon the earth whose basenesse caused many tyrants to vsurpe the title of Soueraigne in diuers prouinces of the empire and encouraged barbarous nations to inuade them for in his time Spaine was full of great troups of Germans Saxons and French inuade Spaine Saxons and French vnder the conduct of Anthaire and Lothaire princes who ruined Tarracone and spoyled the country almost for the space of 12 yeares To the former martyres we will adde Narcissus who came to Girone to preach the Gospell 30 After Galien Claudius was emperor vpon whom Tetricus vsurped Spaine and Gaule being the chiefe strength and sinewes of the empire The ninth persecution vnder Aurelian During the raigne of Aurelian vnder whom was the ninth persecution of the Church and of Tacitus and Florian which were from the yeare 273 vnto 280 there is no mention made of Spaine But Probus gaue leaue to the Spaniards and Gaules to plant vines for good husbands held it not profitable for the commonweale that the land should be too much imploied to this kind of plant but Probus was much affected to it and therefore he caused the mountaines of Almus and Aureus in Hungarie and Mysia to be planted at his owne charge In his time the Spaniards did mutine but Saturninus did pacifie them One called Bonosius borne and bred in Spaine whose father was a Britan and his mother a Gauloise a great drinker caused himselfe to be proclaimed emperour in Germanie and with one Proculus would haue seized vpon Spaine Gaule and other prouinces but they were defeated by Probus The short empire of Carus Numerianus and Carinus make no mention of any thing that belongs to Spaine Dioclesianus Iouius who succeeded them in the yere 288 Maximianus Herculeius Anno 288. made companion of the same dignity the yere after haue left by their great crueltie against the faithful an infamous memory of them in Spain throughout all the world Ann. 306. They made an edict in the yere 306 That all the Christians temples should be beaten downe Edict to ruine the Christian churches The tenth persecution and all those that confessed Iesus Christ tormented and massacred This was the 10 the cruellest persecution of the Church of God for during the space of 10 yeres there was nothing to be seene but burning of temples running away of poore innocents murthers and executions of martyres wherof Spaine it may be did furnish as many as any nation in the world to their great commendation The names of these constant witnesses of the truth of Christ Martyres as Sarragosse should not be suppresâ— In Sarragosse there were 18 at one time of whom the Christian Poet Prudentius made a goodly hymne These were Optatus Successus Vrbanus Pubius Felix Euentius Lupercus Martialis Iulius Fronto Caecilianus Primitiuus Quintilianus Apodemius and foure Saturnines Encratia a noble virgine daughter to a great nobleman of Lusitania
miserable death of his mother otherwise he was wise and valiant and a great louer of his nobilitie to whom he gaue great priuiledges and exemptions yea he dispensed with them from going to the warre without pay and entertainment and that they should not be taxed for any imposition which should be leuied vpon the publike And as he was verie deuour after the manner of those times he made manie reparations and orders to make the wayes more easie for them that went in pilgrimage to S. Iaques of Compostella for in the beginning The auncient way from France to S. Iaques the ordinarie and most vsuall way was by the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Biscaye to the mountaine countrey then to the Asturies of Sentillana then to Ouiedo from whence they entred into Gallicia and since the way being mountainous although it were short being left by reason of the difficult and hard passages they came from France by Nauarre into Alaua and then through the Asturies a longer but a farre more easie voyage than the other but the Earle D. Sancho caused a way to be made euen from Nauarre by Rioje and Bureua to the citie of Burgos the which is frequented at this day to the great ease of such as make this voyage to S. Iaques They call this the French way This Earle gaue Quintanilla to the Monasterie of S. Emylian and did many other works for the redemption of his soule as appeares by the letters and titles of that age D. Bermond third of that name 23. King of Leon. DON Bermond 〈◊〉 sonne to D. Alphonso succeeded his father in the Realme of Leon in the yeare 1028. beeing but a young Prince at his first entry to the Crown A religious king and louer of iustice he began to follow the religious steps of his father causing churches monasteries other buildings which had bene ruined by the Arabians in the former wars to be repaired And moreouer was very carefull to maintaine good orders among his subiects and to do them iustice punishing the disordered with great seuerity An argument that he had good and vertuous men in his Court and of his Councell who honored both themselues and their Prince in the due execution of their charges and discharging of their consciences so as it followed that all the subiects gouerned thēselues by their kings example yea the Noblemen and Knights of his Court The beginning of which raigne could not but be held most happie Hee married with D. Theresa second daughter to D. Sancho last earle of Castile by whom he had one son called D. Alphonso by his grandfathers name who died before his father 27 By the same treatie of marriage with the yongest daughter of Castile after the decease of D. Sancho Earle of Castile by the aduice of the country there was a marriage propounded betwixt D. Garcia successor to the sayd earle and D. Sancha sister to the K. D. Bermond D. Garcia 4. Earle of Casti◠Both parties being agreed D. Garcia went to Leon to consumate this mariage being accompanied by D. Sancho k. of Nauarre his brother-in-law who had married D. Nugna the eldest daughter of Castile The Court being full of Noblemen and Ladies to honor this marriage which should be performed with state and the Earle D. Garcia hauing no other thoughts but to court his mistris there came vnto him the 3 brethren of Bela aboue-mentioned who were banished out of Castile fled into Leō D. Roderigo D. Diego and D. Inigo who making a shew to desire the Earles fauor came to kisse his hand offering him all seruice homage as his naturall vassals crauing pardon for that was past to whom D. Garcia being courteous gaue good reception and presuming they had nothing hidden in their hearts but what their countenances shewed and their tong vttered D. Garcia Earle of castille murthered by the thr◠brethren of Bela. he assured himselfe of them going without any guard like a priuate man that had no quarrell so as these traitours found oportunitie to murther him in reuenge that the Earle his father had banished them out of Castile and confiscated their goods so the innocent suffered for the offendor if we may call it an offence to do iustice vpon rebels He that gaue him the first blow with his sword was D. Ruys or Roderigo his god-father Such excesses did the Christians then commit The murtherers did then escape but afterwards they fell into the hands of D. Sancho King of Nauarre who tooke a worthy reuenge There was great heauinesse in Court for this wretched murther but D. Sancha lamented more than all the rest to see her selfe a widow before she was a wife who seeing her spouse interred at S. Iohn Baptist in Leon intreated them that they would burne her aliue with him Castile vnited to Nauarre By the death of D. Garcia the Earledome of Castile fell to the k. of Nauarre D. Sancho who had maried D. Nugna the eldest sister or D. Garcia and tooke peaceable possession thereof in the same yeare 1028. 28 After the death of D. Cattelogne Raymond Borel Earle of Barcelone which was in the yeare 1017. D. Berenger his son gouerned this principality as proprietarie vnder the Soueraigntie of France being the sixt in number and was surnamed Borel as his father but of a contrary disposition to his father for by his idlenes he gaue entry to all vices into his Court war and all exercises of chiualrie were contemned by him which bred him great troubles We find that this Earle had three sonnes the first called D. Raymond Berenger succeeded him the second D. Guillen or Guillaume Berenger was Earle of Manrese Genealogie of Barcelone and the third sonne Don Sancho Berenger Prior of the Monasterie of Saint Benoist of Bages Who after the decease of D. Guillen the 2. brother which died without children left his habit and succeeded him in the Conty of Manrese died also without children In the yeare 1020. D. Bernard Brisefer cousin to the Earle Berenger riding through Prouence was drowned in the riuer of Rosne And for that hee was a braue Knight the Moores hauing notice of his death grew so hardie and couragious as they did ouer-runne the countrey of Cattelogne entring by Cerdagne but they were repulsed and chased by D. Geoffrey Earle of that place brother to D. Bernard This D. Geoffrey was founder of the Monasterie of Saint Martin of Canigo and mention is made of fiue sonnes issued from him D. Raymond Geoffrey who was Earle of Cerdagne and Besalu after the father D. Geoffrey Guinar Archbishop of Narbon D. Berenger Geoffrey Bishop of Girone D. Guillen Geoffrey Bishop of Vrgel and the last D. Geoffrey Earle of Bergada Hauing so goodly an issue he dyed in the yere 1025. and was interred at Saint Martin of Canigo which hee had built His eldest sonne and heire in the Countie of Cerdagne did little enioy it for hee dyed two
Nauarre at his pleasure were it either right or wrong In the meane time the King D. Fernand Castille to purge and expiat these outrages gaue bountifully to the Cathedral churches colledges parishes and monasteries of his realme and to others without it for they say hee gaue euery yeere to the Abbay of Clugny The almes deeds of the King of Castille a thousand peeces of gold out his treasury and infinite almes deeds to the poore in particular The tribute which hee demaunded of the King of Toledo was denied him a little before his death but hee went in person against him forced him to acknowledge him for his Lord and to doe him homage and in like manner the other Moores who after his example had rebelled and they hold that hee also led his army along the riuer of Ebro by the confines of Cattelogne to Valence where hauing taken great spoiles from the Moores which raigned in those Marches hee returned victorious into his country His residence was for the most part at Leon for certaine reasons And although that homebred examples did warne him to keepe his Estates vnited in one bodie to haue the more power and authority to withstand the attempts of all enemies yet hee was resolued to assigne his children their portions in his life time To D. Sancho hee appointed the realme of Castille vnto the riuer of Pisuerga D. Fernand 〈…〉 towards Leon and towards Nauarre limited by the riuer of Ebro as hee had augmented it on that side with the preiudice of his Nephew D. Sancho Garcia To D. Alphonso his second sonne he assigned the Kingdome of Leon in the Asturies and Tramsiera vnto the riuer Deua which passeth by Ouiedo and moreouer hee gaue him part of Campos and the towne of Astorga and other lands in Galicia with the towne of Zebrero To D. Garcia the youngest the realme of Galicia withall that hee had conquered in Portugall Hee did also indowe his two daughters assigning to D. Vrraca the eldest the city of Zamora and to D. Eluira the yongest the city of Toro but this diuision was not allowed nor kept by his sonne D. Sancho after his death the which many say was in the yeere of our Lord 1059. A remarkable yeere by the credit which was giuen to the Cardinals of Rome An. 1059. by the dilligence of Pope Nicholas the second a Sauoyard borne who hauing called a councell at Saint Iean de Latran in Rome prouided that from thence forth the Pope should not be chosen but by the suffrages of the Cardinalls 〈…〉 grounding this decree vpon the corruptions troubles and seditions which grew ordinarily vpon the election of Popes holding it lesse dangerous to haue these indirect courses practised by few then by the whole Clergy or the people of Rome This Decree is inserted in the three and twenty distinction and begins In nomine domini c. The writers of the Spanish History are not very certaine of the time of D. Fernands death for those which seeme most exact prolong his life vnto the yeere of our Lord 1067. The place where he died is also very doubtfull but all agree that he was interred at Saint Isidore of Leon dying so full of contrition and repentance for his sinnes as they hold his body for a holy relike in the Kings chappel in that church By this computation he should haue raigned two and thirty yeeres in Castille and thirty or thereabouts in Leon. Wee finde no other thing touching the affaires of this King with forraine Princes but only a contention betwixt his Ambassadors and those of the Emperor Henry at the councell of Florence vnder Victor the second the Emperor pretending that the Kings of Spaine should acknowledge his Maiesty and doe him homage as to their souergaine but this question was decided by the councell where it was sayd that seeing the Kings of Spaine had defended and conquered their Realmes by armes without any aide from the Emperors they were free and exempt from al acknowledgment or subiection to the Empire The Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Empire whereof wee may read the glosse vpon the Chap. Adrianus Papa Distinc. 63. the like preuiledge haue the Kings of France the State of Venice the Kings of England and some others D. Raymond Berenger the elder Earle of Barcelone a wise and valiant Knight of whom we haue made mention Cattelogne defended his country by his armes and wisdome and inlarged his limits to the preiudice of the Moores by the fauour of the other Christian Potentates of Spaine which maee warre against them and the diuisions which were among these Arabian Mahumetists At that time was Seneshall in Cattelogne which was a dignity equal to that of the Constable or Mareshals in France one called Raymond Myron In his time D. Guillen the fat was Earle of Besalu sonne to Bernard Brisefer who dying in the yeere 1052. D. Bernard Guillen his second sonne succeeded him at the same time was Earle of Cerdagne D Guillen Raymond son to Cont Raymond Geoffry who held it long and had two sonnes D. Guillen Iordain who was Earle after him and D. Bernard Guillen who was also Earle of Cerdagne and to make cleere the alliances of this house of Cattelogne we finde that D. Almodis wife to Count Raymond Berenger was issued from the house of the Earles of Carcassone beeing strongly allied especially with the Lords of Bearne and Narbone and the Earles of Tolouse Bigorre and other great houses of France From the same house of Carcassone was issued Emengarde married to the Vicont of Besiers both which in the yeere of our Lord 1068. yeelded vnto Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone all the interest and right which they might pretend vnto the Earldomes of Carcassone Tolouse Cominges Rodes and Minerue by meanes whereof this house of Barcelone had great Siegneuries and pretensions in France and from that time did enioy the towne of Carcassone◠about which time the towne of Perpignan was built D. Sancho Fernandes the second of that name and the second King of Castille 6. Castille IN the yeere of our redemption 1067. An. 1067. the realmes of Castille Leon and Galicia were diuided betwixt the children of D. Ferdnand deceased and Castille fell to D. Sancho Fernandes surnamed the valiant Leon to Alphonso Fernandes the second whom they called the Braue and Galicia to D. Garcia with that which hee had conquered in Portugal Adding vnto these D. Sancho Garcia who held the Kingdome of Nauarre and D. Sancho Ramires raigning in Arragon wee finde that at one instant there were raigning in Spaine fiue grand-children to D. Sancho the Great King of Nauarre The Kings of Nauarre and Arragon last named made a league against D. Sancho King of Castille but their quarrels and exploits are obscure and vncertaine at the least they did him no great harme Whilest that D. Sancha the mother of D. Fernands three children liued they continued in reasonable
in Portugall These fruites did the two vnchast and lasciuious sisters reape beeing Daughters to king Alphonso the sixth and in a manner at the same time D. Alphonso the 7. left raigning in Castile where he had some places at his deuotion casfile held by a Nauarrois garison during whose raign dyed S. Dominike of Calçada in Rioje who was reputed a Saint hee was buried in the tombe which hee had made in his life time He had beene a Monke of the Order of Saint Benet at Valbanera and after in the Monasterie of Saint AEmylian where they did not much esteeme him wherefore he gaue himselfe to a solitariâ— life and to follow the doctrine of Gregorie bishop of Ostia for he was a man without any learning At the place of his Sepulcher there is at this present a towne built with a Cathedrall church and Episcopall see carrying his name vnited at this present to that of Calaorra He was much honoured in his life time and after his death his memorie was reuerenced Monkes beeing then admired which gaue themselues to a monasticke and solitarie life At that time there was giuen by the king D. Alphonso to the Monasterio of Saint Mary of Valbanera the church of Leuador to that of Saint Saluadour of Leyre halfe the towne of Arascues in imitation of whome other Noblemen gaue gifts vnto Churches where they had speciall deuotion euery one choosing for his Patron Aduocate and Protector that Saint of whom the churches and Monasteries were named This was the ordinarie doctrine of that age to win Paradise In the meane time the Bishops intruded themselues into the Councels of Kings to mannage affayres of State The exercise of Bishops of that age and to maintaine their Ecclesiasticall priuiledges rights and reuenues they led armies and were many times too forward to fight as wee reade of D. Pedro of Roda Bishop of Pampelone who about the yeare 1115. medling with the quarrels of some souldiers in the Towne of Tholousa receiued a blow on the head with a stone whereof he died a Martyr as the Spaniards say an aduertisement for the rest to containe themselues in their vocations D. Mayor Garcia daughter to the Earle D. Diego Ordognes and of D. Vrraca Garcia daughter to the king D. Garcia gaue vnto the Monasterie of Nagera about that time certaine possessions which she had in Calaorra D. Fortun Velez a knight at that time one of the most renowned in the Kingdome of Nauarre gaue vnto the same Monasterie the place of Aleçon to furnish lights at the Altar of the Virgin Mary so great and so constant was the opinion of men in that age that by gifts vnto the Clergie they might redeeme their soules from eternall damnation as they did not spare the principall townes of their Estates D. Raymond Arnold Earle of Barcelone at the same time gaue vnto D. Alderic the Archbishop the cittie it selfe of Tarragone The citty of farragone giuen in propriety to the Archbishop of that plaâ—e which the Archbishops did enioy in full proprietie for the space of foure and thirtie yeares The foundation of the Hospitall vppon the Pyrenee mountaines at the passage of Ronceual seemes to be a godly worke the which was done by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone about the yeare 1122. but it was onely for Pilgrimes going our of France to Saint Iames wherein King D. Alphonso assisted him with money This Hospitall was built neare vnto the place which was called Charlemagnegs Chappell a place which was much subiect to winds and continuall stormes whereupon it was afterwards built lower in Ronceuall where it is now As soone as D. Alphonso Raymond was crowned King of Castile and Leon by the meanes and direction of D. Pedro de Trauas a Nobleman who was allyed in Cattelogne to the Earles of Vrgel Accord betwixt the king of Castile and his mother and had bred and gouerned that Prince hee beganne to pursue his mother and D. Pedro de Laya her minion D. Vrraca fortified her selfe in the tower of Leon where he beseeged her but by the mediation of some Noblemen who were al of the new Kings partie a peace was made vpon condition that she should giue ouer all gouernement of affaires and be content to liue a priuate life hauing a pension fit for her estate and calling As for D. Pedxo de Lara after that hee had wandred long vp and downe in the end he left the countrie and beeing as coldly entertayned in Nauarre and Arragon as in Castile he made his retreate into Barcelone D. Alphonso the 8. of that name and the 27. King of Leon and the fifth of Castille 7. D. Vrraca being thus dispossessed An. 1122. D. Alphonso Raymond carryed himselfe for king of Castile and Leon. Castile and Leon. After which he thought vpon the recouerie of the forts of Castille which his father-in-law D. Alphonso King of Nauarre detayned from him wherefore he raysed a mightie armie to vse it if hee might not recouer that which hee pretended without armes with these forces he marched towards Nauarre and Arragon which were not vnprouided for the King had also taken armes to crosse him if he should proue insolent and was alreadie entred into Castile by Rioje when as the Prelates of both kingdomes foreseeing the great miseries which would insue if these two great Princes should once enter into warre they laboured to make a peace and vnitie betwixt them and they preuayled so as they perswaded the new king of Castile to make request vnto the king of Nauarre and Arragon Modestie of greater force then armes to restore him his townes and forts the which was of such force as without any difficulty King D. Alphonso beeing glad that he had taken â—o modest a course did louingly restore vnto him all that he held in Castile retayning onely the countrie which is from Villorado to Calaorra for that sayd he those lands were of the ancient patrimonie of Nauarre vsurped by king D. Alphonso his father-in-law since the decease of Don Sancho Garcia king of Nauarre and by the same reason the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Alaâ—a remained to the crown of Nauarre Thus they layed downe armes of â—ther side and retired into their countries Alphonso Raymond King of Castile seeing himselfe setled in peace he beganne to make warre against the Moores Exploits of K. D. Alphonso the 8. against the Moores his first enterprise was vpon Coria which towne had beene surprized during the inter-regne or absence of the king of Nauarre and Arragon after the decease of King D. Alphonso the Braue his grandfather This was a worke of few dayes for he easily recouered it but not content herewith hee past on into the countries of Extremadura and Portugal held by the Moores the which he wasted and brought away the spoyles not any Moore appearing to make head against him This good successe of his affaires gaue him courage to greater attempts and
marriage of D. Alphonso of Leon and of D. Theresa of Portugal was dissolued by the decree of Pope Innocent the third for that they were kinâ—â— folkes in a degree which was prohibited by the church of Rome 30 The house of Nauarre approching neere it's end for want of heires males Nauarre it is fit we should prepare the Readers to the accesse which the descendants from women which are issued from it haue had vnto that crowne speaking some thing of the house of Champagne into the which D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wife and sister to this King D. Sancho the strong was married Descendants of the house of Champagne The Earles of Champagne haue beene of great possessions in France of an ancient and noble familie as well of the house as by their alliances and marriages with the greatest houses of Europe In the nine hundred and ninth yeere mention is made of Odon first Earle of Champagne Brie Blois Chartres and Tourame who was a turbulent man and had great quarrels with Richard Duke of Normandy whose daughter notwithstanding he tooke in the end to his second wife he made warre against Rodolphe or Ralphe the last King of Bourgogne and was the cause why hee resigned his Scepter and crowne to Conrade the Emperour whose daughter Odon had taken to his first wife and had Stephen and others by her This Stephen was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1032. after the decease of his father and Lord of his other Estates by the succession of his brethren Hee died in the holie warre in Syria hauing begotten of his wife Alis or Adela daughter to William the conqueror Duke of Normandie and King of England Thybaâ—d and other children Thybaud surnamed the great was Earle of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1101. hee did also enioy the Earledomes of Brie Blois and Chartres and was called the father of the poore hee had to wife Mihault a Princesse of Germany of a great house by whom he had Henry who was Earle of Champagne and Bry after him in the yeere of our Lord 1151. besides other children This Henry surnamed the Big the fourth Earle of Champagne was in Asia with King Lewis the yong and afterwards with Philip Augustus where hee did great seruice to the cause hee married Mary of France daughter to Lewis the seuenth called the young by his first wife Elenor Dutchesse of Guienne and Contesse of Poictiers of this marriage issued Henry and Thibaud who were successiuely Earles of Champagne one after an other Henry went to the warre of Asia and marrying with the daughter of Almerit King of Ierusalem widow to Conrad Marquis of Montferrat was made King of Ierusalem but returning into France hee died without issue male Wherefore his brother Thibaud the second of that name seized vpon the country of Champagne in the yeere of our Lord 1196. to the preiudice of the two daughters of the deceased Cont Henry and was the sixth Cont Palatin thereof It was this Thibaud which married D. Blanche daughter to D. Sancho the wise King of Nauarre who had one sonne after the death of her husband about the yeere of our Lord 1201. called Thibaud as the father who was Earle of Champagne and Brie notwithstanding the pretensions of a sister which was borne in their fathers life time who contended for this succession but in vaine Moreouer by the death of D. Sancho the strong of whom wee now intreate without children hee came to the crowne of Nauarre by his mothers succession A Prince greatly allied to the houses of France and England whereof wee will treate more at large But let vs returne to D. Sancho the strong raigning at this time in Nauarre This Prince married with a French Lady daughter to Raymond Earle of Tolouse the fourth of that name who was called D. Clemence they hold that hee had not any children by her wherefore according vnto some Authors hee left her and married the daughter of the Emperour Frederic Barbarousse notwithstanding this second marriage is doubtful but as for the first Garcia d' Eugui bishop of Bayone hath left in writing that hee had one sonne named D. Ferdinand Calabasa vvho died in his fathers life time VVith a fall of a horse running after a Beare and vvas buried in the Collegial church of Tudele Hee had no other lavvfull children but mention is made of one bastard sonne called William 31 The ancient league of Castille and Arragon beeing renevved betvvixt the Kings D. Alphonso the Noble and D. Pedro they did arme to annoy the King of Nauarre aboat the yeere of our Lord 1200. the which he foreseeing he sought to be supported by forraine Princes and proceeded so farre as hee did sollicit Aben Ioseph Mazemut to breake the truce which he had made for ten yeeres A Mahumetan Prince keepes his faith religiously with the King of Castille some Authors affrming that D. Sancho went himselfe in person into Affrike to treat of the businesse with this Mahumetan Prince who notwithstanding that he would not breake his faith yet hee presented him with a great summe of money and many rich Iewels During his absence the confederate Kings entred by diuers waies into Nauarre where hee had left for his Lieutenant General a knight called Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulain and tooke Ayuar and the valley of Roncal which fell to the King of Arragon and on the other side Miranda and Insura or Inzula which places the King of Castille kept for himselfe these two confederate Kings hauing agreed to diuide the conquest of Nauarre betwixt them this was all they did for that yeere As for the King D. Sancho hee fel sicke on the waie of a pestilent feuer the which in the end fell to be a canker in one of his feete which continued with him all his life This indisposition beeing knowne in Spaine it gaue courage to the King of Castille to pursue his good fortune and to trie all meanes possible to ioyne that Estate to his presuming that the King D. Sancho who had no children could not liue long and that he beeing dead there should be no great opposition against him for that D. Ramir one of his brethren was of the church the other was young and absent and the Earle of Champaigne his brother in law was either dead or gone to the holy Land but howsoeuer hee was so farre off as before hee should returne into France to debate his title to the Kingdome of Nauarre wherevnto hee had right hee did hope to bee in possession Vpon this deseigne hee leauied a new army The King of Castille inuades Nauarre entred into Alaua and ouerrunne all that Prouince where in the end hee besieged the Towne of Victoria the which was valiantly defended by D. Alphonso Fernandes of Guendulayn who had put himselfe into it with many good souldiers of Alaua and Nauarre and maintained the siege long without any succors or newes from the
that she was the capitall city the ancient seat of the Princes of Castile which was the title their Kings carried that from Castile Leon did grow the conquests of the rest of the Realmes of Spaine and that shee was called the royal city but their chiefe ground was that time out of minde shee had had the first place and voice in such assemblies Vpon these differences the Noblemen fell into factions as their passions did transport them or as they had their Siegneuries and houses lying in the territory and iurisdiction of the one or the other citie King D. Alphonso vsing therein wise aduise hauing taken the knowledge of this cause vnto himselfe he pronounced thus I speake sayd he for them of Toledo and say the city of Toledo will doe as it shall please the King Let Burgos speake now This manner of decreeing contented both parties for it seemed to them of Toledo that the King hauing made himselfe as it were their Attorney had spoken first in the behalfe of their city And they of Burgos holding that the Kings words did nothing preiudice their pretensions seeing they spake before the other Deputies they surceased for the voice Concerning their ranke and precedence the King desyring to preserue the seate to Burgos and Toledo refusing to sit vnder he the King ordained that from thenceforth the Deputie of Toledo should not sit vpon the same banke with the other Deputies but opposite vnto them Order betwixt Toledo and Burgos for predence yet not in the same ranke which order is obserued at this day in the generall assemblies of the Estates of Castile The first voice kept for the city of Burgos was the cause the King obtained the subsidie of Alcauala which hee required of all his subiects for Burgos paied it already and therefore did not contradict it whereas if Toledo which had not borne this imposition had spoken first Alcauala an Imposition shee had opposed herselfe as she did and incourraged other townes to doe the like by her example All in the end yeelded vnto it hauing heard the reasons which mooued the King to demaund it and the neede hee had for the good of the Realme and the maintenance of the warre against the Moores The assembly at Alcala of Henares beeing dissolued and the King hauing gathered together great store of treasor by the speedie obedience of his subiects hee beganne to discharge some of his debts and to retire many precious iewels which had beene pawned hee ordred iustice and in the end applied his minde wholy to this seege which hee ment to lay to Gibraltar and to prouide for al things necessary both by sea and land seeing that the time and the opportunity of the Moores seditions of Affrike did inuite him The towne of Gibraltar had beene greatly fortefied by the Moores since the time they had taken it from the Christians so as the enterprise was no lesse difficulte then that of Algezire But there was this aduantage they did not so much feare any succors from Affrike as if the affaires of the Arabian Moories had beene quiet notwithstanding to prouide for all euents he sent Velasco Martenez Alcaide or Prouost of the court to the King of Arragon in Ambassage and with him Alphonso Gonçales of Gallego to confirme the alliance and friendship betwixt them and to reuine the treaty of marriage betwixt his sonne D. Henry and one of the Infants of Arragon but his chiefe deseigne was to demaund ten gallies to keepe the straight THe King D. Pedro answered the Ambassadors that he would send an Ambassador expresly vnto the King of Castile their maister the which he did King D. Alphonso was already before Gibralter Arragon when as the Ambassador came to him from Arragon There was an end made of the differences of the Queene D. Leonora and the Infants D. Fernand and D. Iohn whom the King Don Pedro should suffer peaceably to enioy that which had beene assigned him by the deceased King as well in dowry as in portion and if it should happen that after that time they should mooue any troubles in Arragon that King D. Alphonso should not giue them nor suffer to bee giuen them any aide or succors Nothing was concluded in regard of the marriage for that the King Don Pedro required that Don Henry should bee inuested in many Townes and Prouinces which was not conuenient for the King of Castile to giue For succors the King D. Pedro sent foure of his gallies to ioyne with them that were in the Straight whereof Raymond of Villanoua was captaine being manned with foure hundred crosbow men The towne of Gibraltar was furiously batred with all sorts of Engins and defended very valiantly Castile the garrison beeing very strong and consisting of the best souldiars that were amongst the Moores who made many sailles vpon the Christians in the which were slaine their best men of either side and moreouer King D. Alphonso's came was much annoyed by the courses of the Neighbour garrisons and by the King of Granados horse men who had the gard of those places which the Moores held in Spaine This seege hauing continued some monthes the plague fell into the Christians campe yet the King beeing obstinate in his resolution would not dislodge for hee knew that the Moores being destitute of succors could not long resist but must bee either forced or yeeld Beeing in this resolution it pleased God that hee himselfe was strooken with the plague whereof hee died in the campe in the yeere of our Lord 1350. the nine and thirtith yeere of his age and the eight and thirtith of his raigne Some haue written that hee died not of the plague Death of king D. Alphonso but of poyson the which was giuen him by the Moores practises This accident was the cause of remoouing the seege of Gibraltar A little before D. Ieanne Queene of Nauarre widow to King Philip of Eureux died at Conflans in France Nauarre who had gouerned her Realme whereof shee was proprietary after the decease of her husband Death of Iean Queene of Nauarre with good discretion and yet shee had some subiects not very tractable who sought nothing but quarrels There were still riots committed by them vpon the frontiers of Nauarre namely by the Inhabitants of Sanguesse and the Arragonois notwithstanding all which yet could shee wisely entertaine the alliance and peace with D. Pedro King of Arragon her sonne in law yea after the death of Queene Donna Maria her daughter so as during her life the King D. Pedro endured all the Insolencies of the Nauarrois who some times made roades farre into his countrie not seeming to take knowledge thereof for the honour and respect hee bare vnto his mother in law neither did hee make any complaints nor was mooued as hee ought to haue beene for that the Estates of Arragon and others beeing rebelled against him for the causes aboue mentioned many made their
retreat into Nauarre from whence they drew assistance of armes victuals and other things to make warre against him It is credible that the King of Arragon shewed himselfe patient in these things that he might not disapoint other desseignes of greater importance for knowing that Ieanne Queene of Nauarre was much honoured in France hee entertained her friendship to the end that by her meanes he might haue King Philip of Valois more fauourable vnto him who was incensed against him for D. Iames of Majorca This Lady laboured so as shee entertained peace betwixt them and confirmed againe the alliances past by a treatie of marriage which she propounded betwixt Charles Grand-child to King Philip and one of the daughters of the King don Pedro and of her daughter Donna Maria. This Princesse being come into France with Charles and Philip her sonnes to dispose of her lands and estates which she had there hauing left Iohn of Conflans Lord of Dampierre Marshal of Champagne for Gouernor in Nauarre she died at the end of the yeere 1349. fiue yeeres after the decease of her husband hauing held the Realme of Nauarre about two and twenty yeeres counting since the death of King Charles the Faire to whom succeeded her sonne Charles who was surnamed the Bad. The end of the foureteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Pedro first of that name the foureteenth King of Castile and fiue and thirty of Leon and his seuere beginning to raigne 2 House of Lara Lords of Biscay and the Siegneuries held by them 3 Vnfortunate marriage of D. Pedro King of Castile with Blanche of Bourbon Vnlawfull loue of this King with Donna Maria of Padilla persecutions and murthers of the Noblemen of Castile his second vnlawfull marriage and other excesse done by him 4 Refuge into France of D. Henry Earle of Transtamare bastard brother to the King of Castile 5 D. Charles called the bad the thirtith King of Nauarre and second of that name his sower disposition and rough proceedings in the pursuite of his pretended right to Brie and Champagne 6 Abolition of Caesars Aera in Arragon Girone made a Principality for the elder of Arragon warre of Sardinia 7 Cruel warre betwixt Castille and Arragon Cruelties of D. Pedro King of Castile against his subiects and against his owne bloud 8 D. Pedro the eight King of Portugal sole of that name 9 Vnfortunate loues of D. Pedro King of Portugal with D. Agnes Castro 10 Disposition of D. Pedro King of Portugal his equity and dilligence 11 Imprisonment of the King of Nauarre his escape and their proceeding against him in France 12 Proceedings of the warre of Castile and Arragon cruelties murthers and spoiles of D. Pedro King of Castile 13 Turbulent Estate of Granado treacheries and cruelties of D. Pedro of Castile against the Princes Moores 14 Practises betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre and continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Arragon 15 Disloyaltie of D. Pedro King of Arragon to D. Henry Earle of Transtamare 16 New accords betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Henry Earle of Transtamare continuation of the warre against Castile 17 Accords betwixt Nauarre and Arragon against Castile Vnworthy death of D. Bernard of Cabrera 18 Returne of the Popes Sea from Auignon to Rome 19 Expedition made by D. Henry Earle of Transtamare into Castile against the King D. Pedro his brother and the Earles victory 20 Returne of the King D. Pedro defeat of D. Henry cruelties against the vanquished pollicies of the King of Nauarre during these quarrels 21 Ingratitude of the King D. Pedro to the English who had restored him his impieties tyranies and cruelties 22 Second expedition of Count Henry into Castile conquest of that Realme with the helpe of the French death of the King D. Pedro the cruel 23. D. Fernand sole of that name and ninth King of Portugal Kings of Spaine mentioned in this fifteenth Booke CASTILE and LEON 14. D. Pedro. 1. 35. NAVARRE 30. D. Charles 2. PORTVGAL 8. D. Pedro. 1. 9. D. Fernand. 1. D. Pedro the first and sole of that name surnamed the cruel the foureteenth King of Castile and fiur and thirtith of Leon. THe beginning of the raigne of D. Pedro sonne to D. Alphonso of Castile was in the yeere 1350. An. 1350. in the which Pope Clement the sixth ordained that the Iubile which they had beene accustomed to celebrate yet without any ground euery hundred yeere amongst Christians should from that time be kept from fifty to fifty yeeres after the manner of the Iewes D. Pedro was at Seuile with the Queene his mother when the King his father died where his obsequies being made they consulted for the ordring the Estate of the new Kings house and the affaires of the Kingdome D. Leonora of Guzman her children kinsfolkes and friends being in great perplexity at the death of King D. Alphonso retired themselues into diuerse parts of the realme This yong King being but fifteene yeeres old began his raigne with cruelty D. Pedro King of Castile cruel in which vice he continued his whole life but to his cost D. Leonora being sollicited by some Knights to come to Seuile she came vpon their faith but she was presently apprehended and put in prison to satisfie the rage of iealousie of Queene Mary the Kings mother Leâ—nor of Guzman the deceased kings mâ—stres 〈…〉 by the widow Queene wherevpon D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and some of his brethren children to this Lady thought to fortefie themselues in Algezire but they were set vpon and forced to flie some into Portugal some else-where against whom the King was more incensed then before for the marriage which followed betwixt D. Henry Earle of Transtamare and D. Ieanne Manuel daughter to D. Iohn Manuel one of the mightiest Princes in Spaine next vnto the King to which marriage the King D. Pedro himselfe aspired This being accomplished the married couple were forced to flie into the Asturiâ—as to auoide the Kings fury Quarrels touching the successor to the crowne of Castile who the same first yeere being fallne into a great sicknesse and almost abandoned by the Physitions hee descouered the hearts and disposition of the Princes and Noblemen of his Realme by the quarrels they entred into for the successor to the crowne thinking the King would die Some being of opinion to call D. Fernand or Arragon Marquisse of Tortose Nephew to the deceased King sonne to D. Leonora his sister others giuing their voice to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara Lord of Biscay issued by the mothers line from the bloud royal Castile of which party were D. Alphonso Fernand Cornel and Garsilaço de la Vega the contrary party was held by D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque a Knight of great credit with the Queene mother The Kings recouery ended this controuersie touching him that should succeed to the crowne but it gaue beginning and force to
Segobia in the beginning of the yeare 1355. and from thence to Burgos 1355. where hee called a generall assembly of the Estates in the which hee complayned greatly of the Queene his mother and of the Princes and Noblemen confederates saying that they had detayned him prisoner in the city of Toro and had forced him to do many things against his will and dignitie demanding mony from his subiects that hee might make war against them and punish them according to their merits the which he obtained After the end of the Estates he came to Medina del campo where he caused to bee slaine in his owne lodging one day in the holy weeke Murthers commited by Don 〈◊〉 king of Castile Peter Ruis of Villega Gouernor generall of he frontier of Castile and Sancho Ruis of Rojas and caused many to be put in prison Returning to Toro he had an incounter with Don Henries men who went to ioyne with Don Frederic his brother at Talauera from whence they after marched to Toledo and had meanes to enter although their comming was not pleasing to all the Cittizens beeing the meanes to draw a warre uppon them as it happened for that the king followed them soone after and entred as it were by force constrayning them to depart This was a meanes for him to haue the Queene his wife in his power who was poorely defended by the diuided Toledains so as shee was sent to the castle of Siguença The king caused about foure and twenty Burgesses to be executed in the cittie by Iustice who had taken the Queenes part too openly among the which a Gold-smith about 80. years old beeing condemned and ready to be executed Cruel executions the city of Toledo his soone a young man of eighteen yeares of age presented himselfe who mooued with pietie and a filiall loue besought the king to do him the grace not to suffer his father to end the dayes of his old age after that manner offering to suffer death for him The king who had no royall part in him accepted the condition and caused this young innocent man to be executed who in regard of his pietie did merit to saue his fathers life and to liue himselfe with honour and reward due to so great vertue the name of this yong man through the negligence of Writers is supprest Piety of a son ill rewarded by D. Pedro. After these dishonorable exploites the king went to Cuenca which held for Queene Blanche but he could not take it whereupon he marched against Toro and brought all the warre into the territories of Leon and Biscay where his men were twise defeated by D. Tello and Iohn of Abendagno with the death and imprisonment of many The K being before Toro he had newes of the death of Don Iohn Garcia of Padilla brother to Donna Maria his mistris being chosen master of S. Iames against his brother Don Frederic whereat he was much grieued During this heauines there came vnto the campe William Bishop of Bolonia Cardinall of Saint Marie in Cosmedin Legate to Pope Innocent the sixth beeing sent to pacifie the troubles of Castile and to reconcile the King and Queene but he lost his labor and obtayed nothing of him but that hee procured the deliuerance of Peter Barroso a Doctor of the Lawes and bishop of Siguença who was prisoner for that he had held the Queenes party The king wrought so partly by force and partly by parlees and promises he as hee was suffered to enter into Toro vppon condition that hee should not kill any man the which he promised and kept according to his faith for he was no sooner entred but he caused to be slaine within the castell in the presence of the Queene his mother Peter Stephen Carpinter Master of Calatraua Ruis Gonçales of Castagneda Martin Alphonso Tello and Alphonso Telles the which Queene Mary did so abhorre as shee swounded and was in danger of death and soone after not able to endure the sight of her sons cruelties Queen mother vnchast she demanded leaue to retire into Portugall to her father king D. Alphonso who caused her to be slayne soone after for that shee liued vnchast with Don Martin Telles The King Don Pedro did also cause to be slaine in Toro Gomes Manriques of Orihuela Diego Perez of Godoy Alphonso Gomes great Commander of Calatraua and many others The knights which defended the towne of Cuenca hearing of these bloudie executions left Castile and retired into Arragon others which held other places distrusting their strength abandoned them and past into France wherefore the king thinking himselfe now in a manner a conqueror transported with a tyrannous hatred against the Nobility of his Realme yea against his owne bloud he resolued to roote them out one after another not trusting in any one of them Hauing beseeged Palençcuela he watched an oportunity to kill the two Infants of Arragon his cousins Don Frederic his brother who was partly reconciled and Don Iohn de la Cerde but by reason of the absence of Doth Tello his brother whom he would catch in the same net he deferred it and the better to surprize him he made shew to pardon him and Don Iohn of Abendagno also and to remit all that was past This Don Iohn of Abendagno was one of the chiefe Knights of Biscay and without whose aduise Don Tello Lord of Biscay did not any thing Notwithstanding as the fauours of great men are vncertaine and wauering Don Tello enuying him for that he was rich D. Tello Lord of Biscay causeth D. Iohn of Abendagno to be murthered and welbeloued in the countrie caused him to bee slaine awhile after in the towne of Bilbora Palençuela being taken by composition the king Don Pedro made a tourney at Tordesillas whree he had resolued to murther Don Frederic his brother and others notwithstanding hauing by the same treason caused two other Knights to bee slaine the one of Toledo the other of Vailledolit he thought it sufficient for this time and deferred this execution vntill another oportunitie Don Henry who was in the Asturia's seeing that all were brought vnder and reconciled vnto the king he demanded leaue afarre off and obtained it for hee would not trust the king but vpon good termes and went to serue the French king Passing by the mountains of Asturia he escaped many ambushes which the king had layd for him notwithstanding his assurance giuen but he was ordayned to better fortune wherefore beeing come into Biscay and hauing there conferred with Don Tello his brother hee imbarked and landed at Rochel from whence he went to Paris to King Iohn then raigning who receiued him and honoured him much The king of Arragon was aduertised of all these troubles and alterations beeing then resident at Perpignan for the which he was not sorie At that time there raigned three bad kings in Spaine this Don Pedro king of Castile Don Pedro of Arragon and Don Charles of Nauarre violent Princes
which the seller demanded vpon great penalties yea death in some cases Hearing that aduocates did multiply sutes and that of one they often made many he discharged them all throughout his realme and imposed great punishments vpon Iudges that should suffer themselues to be corrupted with money or otherwise yea losse of life and confiscation of their goods he made in any lawes for the shortning of sutes appointing fit men for Iudges causing his ordonances to be executed with all rigor Hee appointed great punishments for light offences and if any one told him that he was to seuere he answered that it was the meanes to reforme vice and that it was pleasing vnto God for if the wicked were not kept in awe with the feare of death they would neuer bee restrained with lesser punishments Finally to haue the good liue in peace it was necessary to punish the bad seuerely As soone as the pleaders had made their demaunds and pertinent answeres giuen they were presently dispatched if it might be If by any trickes and deuises matters were delaied the offenders were punished that is the poore by the whip and the rich by great fines by reason whereof his realme florished in peace and aboundance of all things and he was honoured and beloued of his subiects as much as any Prince lyuing Hee had often in his mouth the saying of the Emperour Titus That he held that day lost wherein hee had not done good to some one Hee did not greeue to be himselfe in person at the deciding of causes and did often assist at the examination and torturing of criminal persons he did so hate malefactors as hee did often times rise from the table to haue them punished yea he tooke such pleasure to doe iustice as he caused to be borne before him or did carry himselfe a whip or rod wherewith offenders should be punished to the end he might cause himselfe to be feared and Iustice more respected so as to many this seuerity seemed to approch neere vnto cruelty Moreouer he was carefull to dispatch all sorts of businesse His dilligence and equity with great breuity especially if a stranger came into his court he commanded he should be presently dispatched to the end hee should not consume himselfe in charges With his royal vertues hee loued hunting His delights dauncing and Ladies and all other sports but not with such excesse as the other Kings of Spaine of his time neither was he free from desire of reuenge mixt with some infidelity for his father being once dead he affected nothing more then to reuenge the death of his best beloued D. Agnes of Castro wherefore knowing that Diego Lopes Pacheco Peter Cuello and Aluar Gonçales who had slaine her â—esiâ—e of reuenge moues the King of Portugal to betray them that were retired vnto his protection were in Castile hee made an accord with his Nephew D. Pedro King of Castile to deliuer vnto him in exchange some Castillan Knights who to flie the fury of this tyrant were retired into Portugal vnder his protection so as they made this dishonorable exchange when as these three men were brought to Saint Iren whereas the King was hee would insantly haue them put to sundry torments but the Noblemen which were about him disswaded him yet could he not forbeare to vse outragious speeches yea hee strooke Peter Cuellâ— on the face and notwithstanding that they excused themselues vpon the commaundement of the King his father yet hee condemned them to cruel deaths Peter Cuello and Aluar Gonçales were executed first before the court gate causing the one to bee opened by the brest and the other by the backe to pul out their hearts Diego Lopes Pacheco appointed to the same death had the hap to escape flying in a pilgrimes weed into Castile where he lay concealed vntil that Don Henry came vnto the crowne Family of Pacheco in Castile whom hee serued and was much beloued of him They say he was the stem of the house of Pacheco in Castille which gaue beginning to the Marquis of Villena and Dukes of Escalona This cruel example shal be followed by one more commendable this King D. Pedrâ— beeing in Lisbone where they had made him a stately entry and ordained a Tourney whereas many Knights both Portugals and strangers did runne hauing beene aduertised that a Knights wife of the city called Alphonso Andre abandoned her selfe to an other he watched that day which he held fit to execute such vnlawful loues these adulterers in such sort as he surprized them together the gentlewomans husband being in armes at the lists with the rest in the new street who without making bruit or suffring any to aduertise the husband of the wrong his wife had done him Adulterers punished hee caused her to bee burnt and her adulterer to be slaine If he descouered any baude namely of such as vnder collour of deuotion enter into houses to carry messages or which vse charmes or giue loue drinkes and such like he did punish them seuerely He was like to haue slaine his Admiral in that towne for that hee had imploied a woman of that trade but hee fled and so escaped his fury but hee caused the woman to be burnt In the country of Vera he caused a married man to bee hanged hauing children by his wife for that hee had forced her beeing a maide before hee had married her If he punished secular men seuerely hee did no more spare priests and monkes yea and prelats if they offended Wherevpon being giuen to vnderstand that hee should send them to their superior Iudges he answered that so he did for hauing once caused them to bee hanged they went directly before God who was the head Iudge of al and did the last Iustice. Knowing that the bishop of Porto were hee then was liued loosely with a married woman of that towne he sent for him seeming that he would confer with him of some businesses The bishop being come he caused euery one to depart the chamber hauing shut the doore he began to pursue the bishop handled him in such sort as if some which staied in the chamber had not taken him out of his hands he had slaine him He was more seuere to his houshold seruants then to any other he caused a Secretary to be slaine hauing taken money without the priuity of his Tresorer This we read of the maners and customes of this king who spared himselfe sometimes as for the stately buildings which he leâ—t they hold that the bridge and towne of Lima are of his foundation he caused Santa Maria of Charneça to be built he indowed the Monastery of Alcouaça with sixe Chaplains and appointed ordinary masses to which monastery his sonne Fernand did afterwards giue the towne of Paredes in the country of Leyra Hee was bountifull and courteous to them that did him seruice to whom hee gaue many guifts His liberty and was accustomed euery yeere to put
the King D. Pedro else it would be dangerous that being in his power he would doe him some affront being rash cruel and without respect besides the country of Nauarre being then vnfurnished and the forces of Castile round about them it was to be feared that if he seemed vnwilling to doe that which he required with his detention he would cause his men to ouerrunne his country to the great preiudice both of himselfe and the Nauarrois his subiects He beleeued them and made answer to the King of Castile that both himselfe and his meanes were at his commandment prouided that he yeelded the like vnto him if he receiued any discommodity by making himselfe an enemy to the King of Arragon his brother in law The allyance of Castile which he so much sought to make vse thereof against the French brought him into this error that he made no difficulty to put himselfe into the hands of the most disloyall Prince liuing In the peace made betwixt Castile and Arragon Castille there had beene propounded that D. Pedro King of Castile should marry D. Ieanne second daughter to the King of Arragon for D. Constance the eldest had beene married to D. Frederic of Sicile but the Ambassador of Castile by his maisters commandment made a motion for the marriage betwixt D. Alphonso son to D. Maria of Padilla and D. Leonora the yongest daughter of Arragon the which was concluded vpoÌ„ condition that the king of Castile should cause his son D. Alphonso to be declared lawful heire of the Realmes of Castile Leon c. and that he should giue him presently the Siegneury of Molina with the towns of Almaçan and Medina Celi whereof D. Garci Aluares of Toledo maister of S. t Iames and his high Steward should be put in possession and that the pretended marriage betwixt the king and D. Maria of Padilla shold be proued by him to haue bin done after the decease of Queen Blanche the King of Arragon promising for himself and his successors that if after the decease of Don Pedro King of Castile there should be any question made vnto D. Alphonso his sonne in law touching the succession he should aide and assist him with all the forces of Arragon Don Pedro King of Castile to haue this declaration made and his sonne Alphonso acknowledged for lawful heire had called the Estates to Seuile and there the fact being propounded by him it was receiued allowed future obedience sworn vnto the Infant by the Estates as heire after his father consenting that Donna Maria of Padilla deceased should be called Queene and her daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and Donna Izabella Infants of Castile but neither of the marriage nor of any thing thereon depending was there any accompt made after the interview of the kings of Nauarre and Castile at Soria but without all respect of accords promises or oathes assoon as these two kings were parted Peace broken by the Castâ—â—aâ— with Arragon he of Castile came with a great power into Arragon and tooke Ariça Ateça Terrer Mros Cerina and Alhama and layed seege to Calatajub the which he tooke and put to route many knights which came to succour it by reason whereof Aranda with other townes and castles yeelded Then hauing left Don Garci Aluares of Toledo Master of the knights of Saint Iames vppon the frontier he returned to Seuile On the other part the King of Nauarre because hee would not faile of his promise made at Soria sent to denounce warre against the king of Arragon his brother-in-law for that during his affaires and imprisonment in France he would not succor him VVar declare 〈◊〉 by the king 〈◊〉 Nauar against Arragon whereunto the king of Arragon offering to satisfie him with good reasons he would not heare any Hauing therefore assembled his forces he came to beseege the towne of Sos and tooke it then Saluaterra running by the vallies of the Pyrenees vnto the town of Iacca where as the king of Arragon had placed Peter of Pomar for Gouernor The king Don Charles being returned into his countrie he had soone after a supply of two thousand men at armes sent him out of Castile which he disposed with his Nauarrois vppon the frontiers of Arragon whereas they did spoyle burne and murther In the meane time the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile who should haue beene sonne-in-law to the king of Arragon dyed An. 1363. In the yeare 1363. the king of Castile doubting that the French would bee reuenged for the death of Queene Blanche of Bourbon whom he had caused to bee poysoned after that he had intreated her vnworthily many yeares seeing also a peace made betwixt them and the English he sent Ambassadors to Edward king of England and to the Prince of Wales his soone to demand their allyance and friendship the which they willingly granted The king of Arragon vnderstanding well that the warre which the king of Nauarre made against him was forced he sought by subtill meanes to diuide him from his allyance with Castile And knowing that king Charles had alwaies beene in quarrell with the French king for the Dutchie of Bourgogne and other lands he sent Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia in ambassage to King Iohn who being come into Auignon and hauing had many conferences with the Lords of the French kings Councell he preuailed so much as they were content to referre all controuersies to the arbitrement of the king of Arragon his Master and to sixe Cardinals for which cause the kings of Nauarre and Arragon began from that time to haue secret intelligence one with another to the preiudice of Castile Notwithstanding the army of Castile returning into Arragon the king of Nauarre sent his brother Lewis with many Nauarrois and Gascons among others Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra Standard-bearer of the Realme and Captal of Buch vnto them Siege was layed to Tarraçone and the place taken in the which was Albert a Knight of S. Iohn Boria was also taken and Iohn Ximenes of S. Piren with other Knights which were within it the castle of Vaguena was burnt with the Captiane which defended it called Michel Barnabas whose sonne carrying the same name was for this cause made noble by the king of Arragon with all his posteritie by a decree made by the Body of the State Cariniena was also taken where as Don Pedro King of Castile vsed horrible cruelties vppon the inhabitants for those that he left aliue were afflicted with torments more grieuous then death of some he cut off the hands of othes the feete and of some the noses and eares Magallon and the Vicount of Isle which defended it Teruel castle Habib Ademus Villel and the towne of Segorue were also made subiect to the king of Castile Don Pedro Maca was taken in the castle of Segorue and Ximen Doriz at Xerica After which the K. of Castile tooke Mormedro Almenara Bugnol Macasta Benaguazil Alpuche with many other places and
yet in the end he was receiued and saluted as king and after the example of this stately citie many other towns of that Realme yeelded vnto him The King D. Pedro seeing himselfe abandoned put a great quantitie of money and other treasure into a gally and retired into Portugal but fearing his cousin D. Fernand Infant of that Realme who loued him not he past in great doubt vnto S. Iames in Gallicia where he caused D. Suero of Toledo Archb. of that place and D. Pedro Aluarez of Toledo Deane of the same church to be slaine and adding sacriledge to this murther he spoiled their houses and caried away their goods which was the chiefe cause why he slue them Being doubtfull what to do he resolued in the end to go by sea to Bayone in France wherefore parting from the Groine with 22. ships and one gally carrying with him his three daughters Beatrix Constance and Izabel hee came to S. Subastians in Guipuscoa where he had some thousands of double ducats and other riches the which he took with him Flight of the king D. Pedro out of Spaine and set sayle towards Bayonne A gally which followed him in which was Martin Ianes his Treasurer with much mony other precious things was stayed by the Inhabitants of Seuile which cittie beeing greatly affected vnto D. Henry put themselues vnder his obedience soone after the kings departure and the cittie of Cordoua did the like So hatefull was the king D. Pedro and so pleasing was the mild disposition of Don Henry as in a short time hee found himselfe King of a great and mightie Kingdome almost without striking stroake the people striuing who should bee first receiued Don Henry being at Seuile he confirmed the peace with the Kings of Portugall and Granado but he was deceiued in this prosperitie being too confident of his new subiects so as although he knew well that his enemy was retired to the English with great store of treasure and that he might well coniecture that he would draw succors from thence to trouble him in the possession of this Realme newly conquered yet he dismist his strangers well satisfied which were all his force and retayned onely Bertrand of Guesclin and Bernard bastard of Foix with some 1500. horse French and English The country of Gallicia opposed it selfe most against D. Henry that being pacified and subdued he assembled the Estates at Burgos the which besides that they did sweare fidelitie vnto his son D. Iohn as heire vnto the Crowne did grant vnto him the tenth peny of all the merchandize they should sell within the Realme and so much the more willingly when as they vnderstood that the king D. Pedro prepared to returne into Spaine with a great power of English D. Henry to gratifie the cittie of Burgos gaue vnto it in that assembly the towne of Miranda of Ebro the which did belong to the Church of Burgos it did also serue to recompence the towne of Birbiesca belonging to the citie which he had giuen to D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco his great Chamberlaine To the Church of Burgos in recompence of Miranda he gaue a pension of sixtie thousand marauidis vppon the tenths due from the sea to bee employed in the ordinary distributions for the seruice which is done there day and night Don Dominicke was then Bishop of Burgos the eight and twentith Pastor in number who obtayned this Bishoppricke after a manner worthie to be related for the Chapter beeing diuided and at controuersie about the election of a new Bishoppe after the death of Don Fernand the third who had newly left and abandoned that seate and not able to agree and determine vppon two chiefe persons propounded in that assembly they concluded to referre the nomination to Dominick then Chanoine of that Church beeing held a man of a good and holy life This good Chanoine hauing accepted the nomination bethought himselfe of a meanes to displease neither party saying merily vnto them Bishop of Burgos chosen by himselfe that if it were their pleasures hee should name a Bishop hee was of opinion that himselfe should be the man the which he deliuered with so good a grace as the Chapter could not take it ill wherefore Dominick the Chanoine became presently Bishop hauing neuer before once dreamed to aspire to that dignitie and his election was soon after confirmed by the Pope This Bishop was a good seruant To D. Henry At that time D. Tello brother to Don Henry married a Gentle-woman which was called Donna Ieanne of Lara as his first wife who was Lady of Biscay by reason whereof many did beleeue it was the same that was daughter to Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara who they say had beene slain by the King Don Pedro and this perswasion continued among the people of Biscay some time being nourished by Don Tello Donna Ieanne Manuel wife to Don Henry was sent him into Castile by Don Pedro king of Arragon who would that Donna Leonora Infanta of Arragon future wife to Don Iohn the eldest sonne of D. Henry should accompanie her But before he dismissed them he caused Donna Ieanne Manuel who intitled her selfe Queene of Castile and Leon to sweare to do her best to cause Don Henry her husband to giue him the citties of Soria and Cuenca the townes of Molina and Medina Celi and the Realme of Murcia as they had agreed and hee had promised before this Conquest And moreouer he demanded rembursement of certaine summes of mony which hee had lent him whereunto Don Henry who had newes of the armie which was preparing by the English in fauour of Don Pedro his competitor made an honest answer for it was reasonable sayd he to attend the end of this great preparation which was made against him The King of Nauarre in this first warre had not shewed himselfe a fauourer to either of Nauarre these contending Princes but knowing that the King Don Pedro was retire to Bayone dispossessed of his Realme he came to see him and was there present at the accord and promises which past betwixt Edward Prince of Wales and him The Princes supping together held this order the King Don Pedro was on the right hand and next to him the Prince of Wales and on the other side was the king of Nauar alone who being returned into Nauar he was much sollicited by Don Henry to be of his partie but he was already ingaged by promise to Don Pedro king of Castile and to the Prince of Wales to giue them free passage through his countrie The k. of Arragon aduertised of all these things prest the French king by his ambassadors to make warre against the English and also against the king of Nauarre promising to ioyne for his part to diuert the storme which was comming vppon Don Henry the new king of Castile whom he ought to haue receiued into this league and in the meane time there was continuall war vppon the frontiers of Arragon and
need of any enemies for that he feared the King of Castile caused the trouble of Borja to cease and commanded the Brittons to deliuer the Infant D. Pedro who beeing carried to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny was also deliuered As for the marriage although the King of Arragon did much desire it yet the King of Nauarre hauing retired his sonne did not much care for it meaning first to see what should become of the broiles of Castile 21 The King D. Pedro the cruell Castile victorious but insolent and treacherous as of custome could not conteine himselfe within the bounds of modesty and reason neither to his subiects nor to strangers English French and others who had seated him in his Kingdome There were great controuersies amongst them for prisoners and ransomes D Pedro King of Castile discontents the English and other strangers and the souldiars pay yet after much disputing there was some kinde of agreement D. Pedro King of Castile sent D. Pedro Fernandes Peres of Ayala with the Deputies of the Prince of Wales to put them in possession of the Lordship of Biscay and Castro of Ordiales according vnto their accords but the Biscains beeing aduertised that what the King did was onely to content the Prince of Wales and to shew that hee had a will to performe his promise but not that he had any meaning to maintaine it besides that of their owne dispositions they did abhor the command of strangers they would neuer receiue these Deputies nor consent that they should be put in possession of their country which was the cause of great troubles The King seeming to bee much discontented at these difficulties made a sollemne oth in the chiefe Church of Burgos that hee would put the Prince of Wales in possession of the Siegneuries of Biscay D. Pedro seeing himselfe restored to his Realme he desired to know what the destynies did promise him and therefore he demanded aduice of a councellor to the King of Granado called Aben-Hatin a great and learned Astrologian and Phylosopher who sent him a letter full of learning saying that hee must looke vnto his owne carriage and how hee gouerned his subiects for thereon depended the continuance of his raigne Holy aduertisments of a Phylosopher Moore to D. Pedro. either long or short and the continuance of the scepter in his family adding many precepts the which if hee had duly obserued without doubt he had raigned securely in peace but hee fel into his frenezies and cruelties the which did so estrange the hearts of those which abhorred his forepassed tyranies as his fall must needes bee miserable Hee parted from Burgos and went to seeke meanes to content the English commanding that as soone as he should bee out of the city they should put to death Ruy Ponce Palomeque and some others whom hee had caused to be put into the castle of Burgos Being come nere vnto Toledo he would haue hostages of the Inhabitants for his assurance and there hee put to death seuenteene of the chiefe of the city then hee went to Cordoua from which place he sent to Seuile that they should put to death Gil Bocanegra D. Iohn Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchene and Alphonso Aluares of Quadros with an other called Alphonso Fernandes Hee caused many to be disparched at Cordoua before hee came to Seuile where beeing arriued hee caused Donna Vrraca Osorio mother to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman to bee slaine and Martin Iames his high treasorer taking great delight in his murthers and reuenges vpon these miserable creatures for that he had not found them ready to follow his fortune or for some other discontentment forgeting that for such inhumanities and tyranies he had beene once cast out of Spaine He caused D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua A Moore more kinde then D. Pedro a Christian King to be apprehended and would haue put him to death but the King of Granado demanded him in guift and did so much as he saued his life He had done more if time and meanes had permitted but God preuented him for D. Henry stayed not long to depriue him both of realme and life After the losse of the battaile D. Henry came into the country of Foix where beeing well entertained by the Earle and furnished with all things befitting such a knight hee went to Auignon whereas Pope Vrbain the fifth did raigne who did loue and esteeme him much and therefore he receiued him courteously and delt with Lewis Duke of Aniou brother to the French King and Gouernor of Languedoc to giue him meanes to raise a new army to returne into Spaine whether many friends recalled him assuring him that the cruelties which the King D. Pedro continued prepared him the way to recouer his good fortune and that now there was not any difficulty to settle him firmely neither need they feare that D. Pedro should finde fauour or succors with the English whom he had defrauded of their pay and recompences promise and sent home discontented D. Iranne wife to D. Henry and his children finding themselues not very safe in Arragon by reason of the friendship that was betwixt the King of Arragon and the Prince of Wales they had past into France whereas they remained in the castle of Perapertuse vnto the end of the warre such was the diligence of D. Henry and of his friends as hee obtained from the King fiue thousand pounds starling in ready money and liberty to leauy souldiars within his Realme D. Henry bastard of Castile aided againe by the French Hee had also succors both of money and men from the Duke of Aniou from Guy Cardinal of Bologne and other Noblemen of France beeing incensed against the King D. Pedro the murtherer of Queene Blanthe of Bourbon his wife notwithstanding D. Henry found many great difficulties an ordinary thing for those that are in aduersity for the French King feared least the English should take it ill that he gaue succors vnto their enemy and to make such a preparation for warre as was necessary he had neede of a great masse of money which was the greatest hindrance of his affaires Some therevpon write that in one day hee caused all the money to be seized on that was in Auignon in marchants and Banquers hands the Pope giuing his consent and hee promising vpon the faith of a Prince to restore it In the end he had meanes to raise a good army but before he began to march he had certaine newes that the Prince of Wales was returned into Guienne much discontented with the King D. Pedro and moreouer that all the Prouince of Guipuscoa except Saint Sebastien and Guetaria the townes of Biscay Segobia Vailledolit Palence Auila Guadalajara Salamanca Medina del Campo Toro Almedo Areualo Coca Madrigal Carrion Sepulueda Aillon Atiença Illescas with many other forts held his party Whilest that D. Arragon Henry ptopares to passe into Spaine some of the English and French souldiars returning
Isabell the kings sister the which this knight hauing effected beeing accompanied with the Bishop of Astorga by the Kings leaue hee passed on to Areuallo where the Infanta lay with Queene Isabell her Mother whom in the Princes name he visited and so returned but not long after Prince Charles languishing euer since his last imprisonment dyed not without suspition of beeing poysoned by the practises of his mother in lawe Queene Ioane as hath beene already declared The Barcelonois perceiuing the Princes and to draw on did entreate him to marry La Capa his concubine by whom hee had two sonnes Don Phillip and Don Iohn to the end that by the same marriage they might bee ligitimated and so consequently become capable to inherite after him the which tooke none effect There was no manner of vowes prayers or pilgrimages omitted for the recouery of the Princes health but there was no remedy natures debt must bee payed and so hee departed this life to the great griefe of the Cattelans It is reported that vpon his death bed he did confesse to haue greatly offended in banding himselfe against his father vnto whom hee owed his estate goods and his proper life crauing pardon of him before sundry witnesses forgiuing likewise all those which in any sort had offended him he died in the fortith yeare of his age and his body was interred in the monastery of Pobleta where the ancient Kings of Arragon were wont to be buried A little before his death by agreement made betwixt him and the King his father by the meanes of Queene Ioane his step-mother hee had obtayned the gouernment iurisdiction and reuenew of the principality of Cattalogna reseruing onely to the King the title of soueraigne and by the same agreement were deliuered out of prison by exchange Don Iohn of Beaumont on the one part and Don Lewis of Requesens on the other By the deceasse of Don Charles the Principallity of Viana with the right of succession in Nauarre returned backe againe to the Lady Blanch his sister the some time Queene of Castile diuorced from King Henry then reigning and his brother the Infant D. Fernand Duke of Membâ—ane sonne to King Iohn by his second wife Lady Ioane became heire apparant to the crowne of Arragon The King D. Henry being aduertized of the Princes death Castile made account to keepe still the towne of Viana and continuing the the warrer he went to beâ—eege the towne of Lerin which place by reason of the inexpugnable scituation thereiâ— he could not take wherefore he brought backe his army to Logâ—â—gâ—â— hauing ofâ— certaine of his troupes as they forraged the country who were incountred and defeated by D. Alphonso of Arragon and other captaines committed to the guard of Pampâ—â—lona and the country neere to 〈◊〉 â—rom Logrogâ—â— the King went to 〈◊〉 of Duero where the Queene lay vnto whom he gaue that towne theâ—â— he receiued letters from D. Iohn Pachico Marquis of Villena by the which he certified him that by his endeauor the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admirall were returned to his 〈◊〉 by reason whereof he aduised him to come backe to Madrid to which place D. Alphonso of Eoâ—seca Archbishop of Siuill came beeing weary of so long absence from the Court but finding his entertainment to bee cold hee returned much discontented to Valliodelit for the King had wholy abandoned himselfe as a prey to the Marquis at whose entreaty hee came to Ocagna whither the Archbishop of Toledo came first and kissed his hand bringing along with him all the Manriques These being gonne backe to Yespes the Admirall Don Frederic came likewise to salute the King who receiued them all very gratiously and promised them all fauour The Archbishop of Toledo returned to Court to be of the Kings Councell and it was decreed that once euery weeke vpon the Friday the councell for Iustice should be held in his house which was continued a while with great hope that Iustice would florish in Spaine more then euer but as these Courtiers intent were not iust and pure but onely shewes and maskes to couer their enuies and emulations this lasted not long and the Realme was as badly gouerned and troubled as before the Marquis of Villena and the Archbishop of Toledo practizing nothing more then to remooue him of Siuil Now the King being returned to Madrid hee sent Roderigo of Marchena to Arandâ— to accompany and bring thither the Queene to the end that she might there be deliuered of child whither she came with a great traine the King and the whole Court going forth to meet her of whom she was receiued with great ioy and loue of all those which knew not her behauiour which continued till by her vndiscreet and open carriage she discouered her filthy life The Infant Don Alphonso and the Infanta D. Isabella were likewise by the councell of the Marquis and the Archbishop brought to Court the gouernment and bringing vp of the Infant was giuen to Diego de Riuera and the Infanta remained in the palace in the company of the Queene the King making great shew of brotherly loue to them albeit that a little before he had continually placed a gard of two hundred horse about their persons In the beginning of the yeere 1462. 1462. the Queene was deliuered of a daughter with hard labour Queene Ioane deliuered of a daughter betweene the armes of Don Henry Earle of Alua de Lista the King the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena being present for ioy of whose birth great triumphes were made ouer all Spaine the eight day following shee was christned in the chappel of the Kings house by the Archbishop of Toledo accompanied with the Bishops of Calaorra Osma and Carthagena and shee was called Donna Ioane by her mothers name her Godfathers were the Earle of Armignac Ambassador at that time in the Court of Castile for the French King Lewis the eleuenth and the Marquis of Villena the Godmothers were the Infanta Donna Isabel and the Marquesse of Villena the child was carried and held at the font by the same Earle of Alua de Lista with great pompe and royall magnificence And the better to recompence Don Bertrand de la Cueua who acted the chiefe part in this Commedy D. Bertrand de la Cueua created Earle of Ledesma the king by the aduise of his councell who knew that it was his pleasure did create him Earle of Ledesma the office of great Maister which hee held was giuen to Andrew of Cabrera a young man very wise and discreet The new Earle was inuested and receiued into the number of the Lords of the councell with the fauour of all men The Infanta D. Ioane newly borne sworne and dâ—â—lâ—ed heire of the kingdome and being a noble and bountifull Knight he kept open Court for certaine daies with great feasting and pompous shewes The Infanta being scarce two moneths old the Kings pleasure was that she should be sworne and
practises the King said that he pardoned him with all his heart and prayed God to pardon him likewise and he enquired further of him who those were which sought his life and which did set him a worke he entreated the King to send away them that stood by and then in great secrecy he told their names which could neuer after be knowne for the King neuer told it to any man liuing the next day after Iohn Carillo died of his hurts The King being at Simancas his great and mighty army stretched it selfe euen to the gates of Valiadolit where the confederats did remaine neuerthelesse the affaires were drawne out at length without any matter of note Thither came the Queene Donna Ioane with the Infant Donna Isabella who were returned from Portugall where they had obtained nothing at all for the good of Castile for notwithstanding that they had endeauored for to renew the treatie of marriage mentioned at the enterview of the-Kings at the Archbishops bridge neuerthelesse the King Don Alphonso did abhorre to marry his sonne to Donna Ioane whoe was begotten in adultery of the Queene of Castile his cosin by the Duke of Albuquerque Don Bertrand dela Cueua These things standing at a stay the King and the Marquis of Villena did see one an other and by the aduice of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana and of Don Aluaro of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile called and chosen on both parts it was concluded that euery man should lay by his armes and returne to his owne house and that during the truce which should continue for the space of some fiue monthes following they should treate of a peace and of the meanes how to giue content to all men but chiefely to cause the Prince Don Alphonso to renounce his royalty This was proclaimed through the campe neere to Montejo in the territory of Areualo signed and sealed by the King the Archbishop of Toledo The King knowes not how to profit himselfe by his great forces and the Marquis of Villena and vnderneath by the secretrary Garcia de Arcareso de Montdragon The King had small reason to yeeld to these things hauing an army of a hundred thousand fighting men whereas his enemies were very weake in respect of him and vnprouided of money victuals munition and other things necessary for such an enterprise but God would haue it so The King being come backe to Simancas dismissed his souldiars with liberall payment then at Medina del Campo whether hee came soone after he recompenced the Lords after this manner He gaue to D. Peco Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra the thirds of Guadalajara with the reuenue thereof to his brother D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana he gaue the towne of Saint Andrew Recompences made by the King to the Lords that followed him ioyning to the lands of his Marquisat with a yeerely pention of seuen hundred thousand Marauedis to the other brother D. Inigo de Mendoça and to Don Lorenzo de Suares Vicont of Torreja and to D. Iohu Hurâ—ado de Mendoça pensions according to their degrees to D. Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi the City of Agreda with the territory to D. Garci Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua Carpia with sundry places nere to Salamanca to D. Aluar Peres Osorio Lord of Villalobos and Earle of Transtamara the City of Astorga with the title of Marquis to D. Iohn de Acugna Earle of Valencia the Earldome of Prauia and Gijon with the title of Duke of Valencia to D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan a yeerely pention of 300000. Marauedis assigned him on the hill of Mountagu to D. Aluaro de Mendoça captaine of his men at armes the City of Requegna with the reuenue and proffit of the port and hauen thereof Other guifts and recompences did the King make to his Knights the which or at least the most part of them haue euer since remained in their families The end of the twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ONE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 COntinuance of the troubles in Castile 2 The vnworthy marriage of the Infanta Donna Isabella Agreed vpon by her brother King Henry and hindred by the sodaine and vnlooked for death of Don Pedro Giron 3 Societies of Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice 4 Assembly at Madrid tumult in the same towne Behauiour of those of Mendoça The Marquis of Villena promoted to the Maistership of Saint Iames. Battaile of Olmedo 5 The Pope vseth all dilligence to procure the peace of Castile Censures the rebells appeale to a future Counsell The taking of Segobia The King D. Henry forsaken 6 Agreement betwixt the King and the confederate Lords Euil behauiour of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile 7 Strife for the Bishoprike of Siguença Murthers at Burgos 8 Seditions in Toledo magnanimity and equity of the Infant Don Alphonso chosen King 9 D. Alphonso de Primentel Earle of Benauent enterpriseth against his father in law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena 10 Practises of those of Toledo against the Infant Don Alphonso in the behalfe of King Henry Rashnesse of the Bishop of Badajos and of Donna Maria de Silua and of that which happened 11 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso wisedome of the Infanta Donna Isabella Peace betwixt the King and the confederate Lords 12 Infamous life of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile the Lords of Mendoça practice against the peace the Infanta Donna Isabella declared Princesse of the Asturis and presumptiue heire of Castile 13 Continuance of the warres of Barcelona Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon by the Barcelonois Exploits of the French in Cattalonia death of the Duke of Calabria 14 Gaston Earle of Foix desirous to reigne before his time stirreth vp troubles in the Kingdome of Nauarre 15 Queene Ioane of Arragon dies and confesseth her fault 16 Gaston of Foix the younger dies at Liborna Beginning and continuance of the house of Foix. 17 Couenants betwixt King Iohn of Arragon and his daughter the Countesse of Foix heire of Nauarre 18 Assembly at Ocagna New deseignes of King Henry of Castile 19 The King of Castiles iourney into Andaluzia 20 Marriage betwixt the Infanta Donna Isabella and the Prince D. Fernand heire of Arragon Sicill Naples c. Articles and couenants of the same 21 A rash act of D. Alphonso de Aguilar against the Lords of Cabra The taking of Simancas with other outrages 22 Spanish superstitions 23 Practices pursutes and quarrels betwixt the Lords of Castile Alua erected into a Dutchy 24 Muley Alboacen King of Granado whose posterity remaineth in Spaine till this day 25 Treaty of Marriage betwixt King Henry of Castiles supposed daughter and the Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King Lewis the eleuenth Lands of Infantasgo giuen to the house of Mendoça 26 Donna Isabella Princesse of Castile disinherited King
but to trie other meanes to draw them to his will The King perswaded thereunto An. 1470. Genealogie of Castile dissolued his armie These things passed in the yeare 1470. at which time the Princesse Donna Izabella was deliuered of hir first child in the Cittie of Duegnas the first day of October to wit of a daughter called Elizabeth or Izabella like the mother Then the Moores of Granado Moores proude because of their fore-passed prosperities forraged the Countrie belonging to the Master-shippe of Alcantara against whome was sent the new Marquis of Cales Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon Earle of Arcos who repressed these runnagates and tooke from them the Cittie of Cardela the which soone after was taken againe by the Moores neuerthelesse hee carried away with him great spoyles and many Moores prisoners In the meane space the Duke of Alua came to the Court at Medina del Campo who was kindly receyued and welcommed by the King Now the marriage of Donna Ioane beeing dashed by reason of the Duke of Guiens death Castile who departed this life at Bourdeaux the King by the aduise of the Master of Saint Iames sent Ambassadours to King Don Alphonso of Portugall to treate with him about a marriage betwixt him and her This King had no desire thereunto because of the common report which was that shee was borne in adulterie betwixt Don Bertrand de la Cueuâ— and the Queene of Castile and therefore he had wholy reiected it at such time as she should haue beene married to the Prince Don Iohn his sonne Genealogie of Portugal whome hee married about that time to Donna Leonora daughter to the Infant Don Fernand Duke of Viseo and of Donna Beatrix daughter to the Infant Don Iohn who had beene in former time Master of Saint Iames and the second Constable of Portugall of the which Don Fernand and Beatrix were borne Don Domingo who was Duke of Viseo after his father and Don Manuell who raigned in Portugall after this Don Iohn his brother in law Donna Beatrice had builded the Monastery of Nunnes called the conception of Veja where shee with her husband Don Ferdinand lye buried Now King Alphonso at such time as this Ambassage was making ready was busied with good successe about the Affrican expedition for hauing in person transported beyond the sea a very mighty armie being followed by the Prince Don Iohn his sonne and by many great Lords and experimented Captaines of his kingdome amongst whom the most renowmed were Don Iohn Coutin Earle of Marialua Don Aluaro de Castro Earle of Montesanto Arzilla and Tanger in Affrick taken by the King of Portugall and his sonne Don Iohn de Castro Don Henry de Meneses Earle of Valencia Ruy de Merlo Captaine of his guardes who afterward was Earle of Oliuença and Don Alphonso Vasconcello who was Earle of Penela hee tooke by force Arzilla and did so terrifie them of Tanger as they forsooke the Cittie and left it empty to the enemy so as King Don Alphonso hauing amply enlarged his Empire beyond the sea the Kings of Portugall haue since intituled themselues Kings on this side and beyond the Sea The Earles of Montesanto and Marialua dyed at the taking of Arzilla The gouernment of Tanger was giuen to Ruy de Merlo with a good garrison and the King and the Armie beeing returned to Lisbone Don Alphonso Basconcello was made Earle of Penela Mariage of the Prince D Ioan of Portugall with Donna Leonora of Vâ—sco and then was the marriage of the Prince celebrated beeing seuenteene yeares of age with Donna Leonora his cousin germaine with dispensation made since by Pope Sixtus the fourth who succeeded Paul the second in the Sea of Rome The Ambassadors of Castile agreed vpon an enterview of the the two Kings betwixt the townes of Badajos and Yelues but they departed one from an other discontented without any conclusion of the marriage the principall impediment was the small trust which the King of Portugall reposed in the Maister of Saint Iames whose inconstancie hee merueilously suspected together with the disordered life of the Queene who was detested of all men This marriage afterwards was thought vppon to bee renewed as shall bee heere-after declared The King of Castile wanted no troubles and discontents in this iourney by meanes of the insolency Castille wherein the Lords Prelates and Knights his subiects were nourished the one taking euill example from the other First of all the Bishop of Siguença refused to accompany the King and notwithstanding any entreaty he would not stirre forth of Guadalajara whether hee had with-drawne himselfe beeing highly displeased that hee had beene disappointed of a Cardinals Hatte wherevnto by the kings fauour hee had earnestly aspyred the Maister of Saint Iames hauing supplanted him who procured and obteined it for Don Lewis d' Aâ—ugna Bishop of Burgos his nephew the Bishop of Siguença beeing neuer satisfied with speaking euill of Donna Ioane and the Queene her mother The king with his traine beeing come to Badajos Insolency of the Maister of Saint Iames. hee was constrained to lodge in the suburbes and villages thereabouts for the Earle of Feria shutte the gates against him saying that hee was certaine that hee would vpon his entry giue the same towne to the Maister of Saint Iames to whom hee durst deny nothing for hee went about not long before to snatch the towne of Sepulued by force as it were from the king which was neere to the Earledome of Saint Steuens the which notwithstanding the request admonishment and resistance of the inhabitants who could not endure to bee alienated from the Crowne the king was constrained to grant vnto him by reason of his importunity but the townesmen not resolued to obey the Maister gaue themselues ouer to the Princesse who with Prince Ferdinand her husband came thither and remained for a certaine time in those quarters and in the territories of the Archbishop of Toledo who was alwayes their faithfull seruant At Siuill the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales were at great strife and ioyned battaile â—he one against the other by meanes whereof the Marquis was driuen forth of the citty and withdrew himselfe to Xeres where being fauoured by the knights of Saint Iames and those of Calatraua and the Duke by those of the Citty they made cruell warres one vpon another the Maister of Saint Iames vpholding the Marquis his sonne in law In an incounter made betwixt Seuile and Alcala of Guadiaira two bastard sonnes of the Duke of Medina were slayne and other disorders followed thereuppon for the redressing whereof the King sent Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla to Seuile who by his diligence and good counsell caused them to lay downe their armes and made those two Lords friends and the Duke had his towne of Medina Sidonia and the fortresse of the same restored vnto him At Toledo Pero Lopes of Ayala newly made Earle of Fuensalida was
discouered the plot tooke order for it standing on his guard and by punishing some of the Conspirators hee caused the rest to containe themselues within their bounds for feare of the like punishment The Arch-bishop who remayned at Alcala de Henares had inuited the King of Portugall to come vnto his house of Talauera assuring him that hee would put him into Toledo who was in a readinesse to haue come thither had not the Prince his sonne with his friends and seruants told him what small profite hee should receiue and how great danger hee should incurre by such an enterprise The Kings Don Fernand and Donna Izabella beeing aduertised of the Arch-bishops dealings were iustly incensed against him they caused all his temporalities to bee seized on sending the Duke of Villa-hermosa to Madrid to bridle that cittie commanding all his tenants and seruants to forsake him and no more to obey him vpon payne of depriuation of their goods and for a terrour to the rest they did cause the houses of diuers of the Rebels who had contemned their commaundement to bee razed downe to the ground Wherefore the Arch-bishoppe within a few dayes was left alone and his great friend Hernand Alarcon did forsake him and fled presently into France not daring any longer to tarrie in Spaine Don Tello de Buendia Arch-deacon of Toledo and a learned man did vndertake to bring the Arch-bishoppe to his dutie The Archb. enforced to his dutie he vanquished him by reason and perswaded him to humble himselfe to the King and Queene of whome by his meanes he obtayned pardon but hee gaue all the strong castles of his Arch-bishoppricke in hostage for his future fidelitie The Marquis of Villena on the other side hauing entred into the Marquisate began to picke quarrels with the Gouernor placed there by the Queen concerning the limits of his power and iurisdiction saying that he did vsurpe more then the couenants would permit him and would haue letted him from punishing those of Cinchilla with other rebellious and disobedient people so that a power was sent thither vnder the conduct of Don George Manrique and Pedro Ruis Alarcon Great was the King and Queenes toyle in ordering the peace and quiet of the countrey of Andalusia Offenders forsake the country to auoyde punishment for the people thereof were so giuen ouer to all manner of villanies as if they had not vsed their meekenesse and clemencie the citties and towns would haue beene voyd and empty of people for it is most certaine that this yeare and the former there went out of Seuile and Cordoua aboue eight thousand men tainted of notorious crimes who left he country for feare of punishment It happened about the same time that Don Rodrigo de Vergara Bishoppe of Leon borne at Logrogno it is not knowne vppon what occasions caused Pedro Vâ—â—a Treasurer of his Church A murtherous Bishop murthered to be slayne in the same Cittie beeing a Knight of a great parentage whose death his friends and kinsfolkes reuenged by the death of the Bishoppe who assayled him in his owne house and pursued him as he thought to haue fled for safetie to the house of Diego Fernandes Quignones Earle of Luna where they murthered him in the bosome of the Countesse who intreated them to spare the spilling of his bloud for her sake In the town of Fonteouejuna the Inhabitants did kill with stones D. Hernand Gomes de Guzman Petty tyrants stâ—ned to death by the common people great Commaunder of Calatraua for outrages and tyrannies which hee had done to them for the which fact the Iudges which were sent by the King to informe of the matter could neuer find any one witnesse which would charge any one particular man with that murther and they could haue no other answer than this that Fonteouejuna had slaine him which passed for a Prouerbe thorough Spaine This same yeare the inhabitants of Saint Helizes de los Galegos a place neere to Trugillo did in like maner stone their Lord Gratian de Sese to death who as it hath beene heretofore sayd had bene Captaine of Trugillo In the beginning of the yeare An. 1479. one thousand foure hundred seuenty nine the King and Queene left Cordoua and came with great deuotion to the Monasterie of Guadalupa and also to take order for the Portugall warre which they daily feared From Guadalupa they sent the duke of Villa-hermosa their brother to Almorox nere to Escalona in which place were Don Iohn de Luxan and Don Iohn de Pacheco the Marquis of Villena's brother who ranne vppe and downe burning and spoiling the countrey round about The Marquis on the other side remayning in Garcy Nugnos did violently resist the the Kings souldiers and defeated the troups of Don George Manâ—ique who within a few dayes after dyed of the hurts which he had receyued in that encounter By meanes wherof others of the Kings Captaines beeing iustly mooued against him did hang vp sixe of his seruants whome they had taken to serue for a terrour to the rest the Marquis in like manner would not be indebted to them for reuenge but caused as many heads to bee stricken off casting lots among the prisoners which fell vpon a souldier who dwelt at Villa-noua de Laxara Notable loue of one brother towards another neere to Alarcon who amongst others was to bee beheaded but a younger brother of his did beseech the Marquis that he might dye in his brothers stead who had wife and children and did so much importune the matter as hee redeemed him from death giuing his owne life for him a notable example of brotherly loue and well worthie to haue beene considered by those who did cause the execution if they had beene possessed with a noble and generous disposition The names of these two breethren are vniustly supprest by the negligence of the authors The Marquis yet notwithstanding sent Rodrigo of Castagneda to Court to excuse him to the King and Queen and to lay the fault vppon their Lieutenants and Officers whose pride and insolencie had prouoked him to those courses the King answered that the Marquis should be heard according to lawe but beeing aduertised that Don Roderigo had intelligence with the king of Portugall they sent him away prisoner to Talauera where hee quickely ended his dayes Whilest the King and Queene remayned at Guadalupa Donna Maria de Pacheco Countesse of Medelin the Marquis of Villena's bastard-sister beeing a proud and haughtie woman who held the towne of Merida and had driuen her owne son out of all his possessions presented a petition to the King and Queene the effect whereof was that shee might enioy the Earledome of Medellin during her life with the commandery of the same citty An other petition came from Don Alphonso de Montroy treasorer of Alcantara who called himselfe Maister of the same order and held most part of the fortresses belonging to the same Vsurpers in regard they might not be authorised
other honours belonging to a soueraigne Prince the which in the end bred his ruine After all these things the King being gon to visit the townes and fortresses vpon the frontiers of Galicia and countries neere adioyning D. Ramir Nugnes de Cuzman commeth into Portugal Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman arriued in Portugall of whose quarrell to the Admirall of Castile and his sonne we haue amply spoken heretofore This Lord came to the Court at Saint Iren where hauing a time appointed him to come into the Kings presence as hee was going to masse in Saint Iames his Church he kneeled downe at the great doore with his traine and seruants the King presented him his hand to kisse with his gloue vpon it but Don Ramir thinking that the King did either contemne or scorne him and being a knight of an high and couragious spirit he did plucke the Kings gloue off and so kist his bare hand then the King said I could haue done that my selfe if it had pleased me but Don Ramir did not heare him in regard he was some-what deafe for this cause he was called euer after in Portugall El de la luba which is as much to say as He of the gloue Yet neuerthelesse the King vsed him very graciously and did assure him that he was in a place of safety and therefore willed him to be merry and not to feare any daunger at all Don Ramir gaue him many humble thankes and excused his boldnesse in plucking off his gloue beseeching him not to take it as done vnreuerently in regard it was the custome of Spaine to kisse the Kings bare hand Not long after done Ramir had some iealousie of the Marquis of Villareall a friend and kinsman to the Admirall of Castile King Iohn hauing notice thereof called the Marquis before him and told him that his pleasure was that Don Ramir should liue safe and secure in Portugall free from feare either of the King of Castile or any else and therefore if any euill did happen to him his life should answere it the Marquis answered that for him Don Ramir should liue in all safety and that he neither had not would procure him any displeasure But the Duke of Bragançaes death did displease diuers great Lords of the Kingdome of Portugall in regard whereof new conspiracies were made against the Kings life The chiefe of the conspirators were Don Garcia Meneses Bishop of Ebora and Don Fernand de Meneses his brother Don Lope de Albuquerque Earle of Pegnamaçor and Don Pedro de Albuquerque his brother Don Aluaro de Atayde and Don Pedro d'Atayde the father and sonne Don Guttiere Coâ—tino Commaunder of Cezimbra sonne to the Marshall and Fernand Selueyra who againe did draw Don Domingo the Duke of Viseo into their practises determining to make him King and they watched for a fit time and occasion to kill King Iohn who being at Setuball did discouer the treason by the relation of one called Diego Tinoco who knew it by the meanes of a sister of his who was concubine to the aboue named Bishop no lesse secret then chast and faithfull and this Tinoco came of purpose disguised in a Friers habit to disclose it to the King who in recompence of his good seruice gaue him fiue thousand Cruzados in ready money and sixe hundred thousand Marauedis of yeerely rent the which hee did not long enioy for soone after he died Within few daies after the King receiued the same aduertizement from Don Vasco Coutino vnto whom Don Guttiere his brother one of the confederats had reuealed it thinking that without any danger he might haue spoken it to him by reason that he was in disgrace with the King and ment to haue fled into Castile but he was therein deceiued for Don Vasco by this meanes made his owne peace was created Earle of Barba with hereditary right and beside the Castle of Estremos hee receiued many other aduancements The same day that the confederats should meete the Duke of Viseo at the Court the King hauing visited a Church neere to Setuball he went a boord of a little fisher-boot to see them take fish hauing with him onely foure of his faithfull seruants namely Fernand Martines Mazearenas captaine of the genets or light-horse Diego d'Almeida Don Iohn de Meneses and Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman In the euening as he was returning to Setuball thirty of the confederates stood vpon the banke of the riuer with intent to haue executed their treason whereof the King being aduertized at his landing by a Groome of his Chamber named Anthony Faria who told him in his eare that it behooued him at that time to dissemble and to shew his Kingly courage expecting a fitter time and opportunity to punish them according to their deserts the King who could very well dissemble being leapt on horse-backe called the Duke of Viseo to him with a smiling and pleasing countenance and gaue him and the rest of the conspirators many gratious and louing words so as for that present they had not the hearts to proceed in their determinations in the meane time the King who was weakely accompanied went into a Church called Our Lady the Old wayting for his guardes arriuall and beganne to talke with them leaning his back against the wall the better to keepe his enemies from comming behinde him among whom was D. Vasco Coutino whom he called vnto him and made a shew to diuert him from going into Spaine the better thereby vnder collour of this talke to draw the whole conspiracy from him By these meanes it was Gods pleasure that the King should escape that daies daunger and returne in safety to his pallace Certaine daies after the King being more suffitiently aduertized of these Lords conspiracy against his person sent to commaund the Duke of Viseo who was then at Palmela with his mother the Infanta Beatrice to come to him to Setuball who forthwith did so not doubting any thing and he was no sooner arriued and come into King Iohns presence but hee was stabd to death with a poniard by the Kings owne hand The yong duke of Viseo slaine by King Iohns owne hand in the night in a Chamber in Don Nugno d'Acugnas house where the King then lay in the presence of Don Pedro Deça Diego d'Açambuya and Lopes Mendez with no other words but these You shall die and goe carry newes to the duke of Bragança in what state the treason stands which he beganne In this manner the Duke of Viseo died a young Prince of twenty yeeres old The Duke of Viseo seduced by Astrologians by following naughty counsell and giuing credit to the vaine predictions of Astrologers who had assured him that hee should bee King The Dutchesse his mother was by the King certified of what had happened who excused himselfe in regard that hee was constrained by necessity to commit so sodaine an execution and intreated her to beare it patiently and in some sort to comfort her the very
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he
way of Logrogno which made them thinke that it was a supply of 300. Castillan horse which the Duke of Negera had promised to send vnto the Constable wherefore they beganne to crie Beaumont Beaumont which gaue an alarme vnto the Towne The Duke of Valentinois hauing caused himselfe to be richly armed by a groome of his called Ianicot who had sometimes serued the Constable he went forth brauely mounted and followed by a thousand horse and a great troupe of foot and so hee went towards Mandauia saying Where is this pettie Count I vow to God I will this day kill him or take him prisoner I will not leaue him vntill he be quite ruined and will not pardon any one of his all shal be put to the sword euen the dogges and cattes Being thrust on with this violent passion he aduanced his troup folowing 60. horse which retired before him The Constable had sent forth some aswell to receiue those if need were which were gone to victuall the castle of Viana as to discouer what the enemy did who seeing the Duke whom they knew not come thus alone and with a great assurance doubting that he was followed by some great troupes they retired to the place where the Constable remayned who wondering what this Knight should be and at his hardinesse What saies hee is there no man here that dares affront this gallant which comes so neere vs Then there disbanded three gentlemen of his troupe who went to incounter him in a hollow way like vnto a ditch whereas the duke could not well vse his force and dexteritie nor mannage his horse who hauing charged their Lances against him one of them tooke him vnder the right arme pit where hee was vnarmed Death of the duke of Valentinois as hee did lift vp his arme to charge his lance and so ranne him through hee falling downe dead to the ground They saie that hee that gaue the blow was one of the Garceses of Agreda The bodie was presently stript by these three companions and left naked in the way hauing couered his priuie parts with a stone they carried these rich spoyles vnto the Constable who beganne to retire not knowing any thing of him that was slaine but that hee should be some great captaine vntill that the same morning Ianicot the groome of his chamber who had followed his master and mist his way was taken by some and led to the Constable by whom it was knowne after that he had seene his armes and habiliments that it was Cesar Borgia duke of Valentinois which had beene slaine whose bodie was found by the army which followed after King Iohn himselfe being in person in the rereward who lamented much for the death of his brother in lawe and couering him with a cloake of scarlet he caused him to be carried to Viana and to be buried in the great chappell of the parish church of Saint Mary where this epitaph is to be read A qui iaze en pâ—ca tierra El que toda le temia El que lapas y la guerra Por todo el mondo hazia O tu que vas à buscar Dignas cosas de loar Se tu loas lo mas digno A qui pare tu camino No cure de mas andar It is obserued in Spaine for a memorable thing that the death of the duke of Valentinois happened in Nauarre the like day that hee had in the same realme taken possession of the perpetuall administration of the church of Pampelome the chiefe of that realme which was the eleuenth day of March on the which God would shew some testimonie of his wrath against him who in contempt of all religion had quit his Ecclesiasticall estate and the Ministerie to follow the practise of armes The Constable would haue beene more ioyfull if hee had beene taken aliue to haue presented him to king Ferdinand The king of Nauarre by reason of this death fell into such a rage against the Constable and all his house as euen some of his kinsemen which followed the Kings armie were forced to retire not daring to present themselues before him against whom the castle of Viana did still make resistance notwithstanding that his armie was much increased by certaine troupes which had beene sent him out of Castille from D. Bernadin of Velasco Constable and Duke of Frias and the Earle of Nieua with whom and with the Earle of Aguilar the king had alwayes entertayned a strict friendship but hee past into the Constables lands where hee committed all the spoyles that an incensed enemy could deuise hee tooke the towne of Lerin where hee ouerthrew and ruined the sepulchre or monument of the house of Lerin and the Constables progenitours Warre against the Constable of Lerin which was a sumptuous and stately building hee rased his houses cut vp his vines and trees then taking the rest of his places and castles some by a voluntarie yeelding and some by force where hee caused the captaynes which made resistance to be hanged hee reduced him to that extremitie as hee was forced to retire himselfe into Castille to D. Ferdinand king of Arragon his brother in lawe being followed by many other knights of the faction of Beaumont which was then vnderfoote and that of Oramont aduaunced amongst whom was the Marshalles place and moreouer by the Constables retreat they obtayned that Office for D. Alphonso Carillo of Peralta Earle of Saint Stephen Then the castles of Viana and Larraga yeelded And in this exile the Constable beeing old and dispossest Death of D. Lewis of BeaumoÌ„t the constable died some moneths after in Arragon in the towne of Aranda His wife D. Leanora of Arragon dyed likewise at the same time in the citie of Tortosa in Cattelonia The Constables bodie hauing beene left for a time in the monasterie of Veruela was afterwards transported to Lerin where he lies his sonne D. Lewis of Beaumont succeeded him after the conquest of Nauarre made by D. Ferdinand king of Arragon 1508 in the office of Constable and of high Chancellour of the realme and in all his other estate and lands being by his mothers side nephew to the king D. Ferdinand and graundchilde to D. Iohn king of Arragon the second of that name There was a bruite that the Constable and his sonne had treated with Lewis the twelfth to dispossesse king Iohn of Albret of the realme of Nauarre and to inuest Gaston of Foix duke of Nemours his newphew and that Lewis of Beaumont the sonne of D. Francis of Beaumont and D. Pedro Menat of Beaumont went into France to sollicite the king in this businesse assuring him that all things should be easie for him and fauourable but that the king being then busied in other affaires especially to reduce the citie of Genoua which was then rebelled to his obedience would not hearken to it wherefore D. Lewis of Beaumont and D. Pedro Menat returned into Arragon leauing D. Francis in the French kings seruice
summes of money vpon the Clergie for two yeares His infirmity increasing hee had such continuall faintings as on the seuen and twentieth of Iune they thought hee would haue died wherefore finding himselfe neere his end he desired to make his will and caused it to be written Testament of king Ferdinand leauing his daughter Queene Ioane for his generall heire and the infant D. Ferdinand his grand child gouernour of Castille to whome he gaue for gouernour D. Gonsal of Guzman treasorer of Calatraua and for his Schoolemaster D. Aluaro Osorio bishop of Astorga hauing a great desire to cause the three masterships of Castille to fall into his hands after his death whereupon he made orders which hee thought might take place but afterwards he reuoked them He had some amendment and came to Aranda of Duero whether Anthony Augustine his Chancellor of Arragon came whom he caused to be apprehended Chancellor of Aâ—â—gon accused to haue sought to dishonor queen Germaine and committed being informed that he had presumed to attempt against the honor of the queene his wife for seeing her too desirous to haue children and the king her husband by reason of his age and infirmitie too weake he had offered her his seruice too familiarly This Chancellor remained in prison till after the kings death and then was set at liberty by the Cardinal Xtmenes who was gouernor of Spaine The same yeare there hauing been an enteruiew at Vienne in Austria betwixt the emperour Maximiliâ—â— and Ladislaus king of Hongarie and Bohemia the marriages were accorded of the infant Ferdinand with Anne Daughter to the said king of Hongarie and of Marie sister to prince Charles of Austria Infanta of Castille with Lewis sonne and heir to the said king Ladislaus 13 King Francis past into Lombardy with a great army what succeeded in those wars you may read at large in the French Historie The Pope seeing all things prosper for the French made an accord with the king they had an enteruiew at Bolonia with great shewes of friendship Enteruiew betwixt Pope Leo and king Franâ—â—â— there they confirmed their league and conferred long of the conquest of Naples for the French king but they resolued to deferre it till after the death of king Ferdinand which they knew to be neere the Pope hauing no desire of it for the quiet of Italie alleaging for excuse that the time of the league which hee had with the Catholike king did not yet expire of sixeteene months yet in shew he seemed verie willing to countenance that conquest so as the French king who was well content to haue it deferred vntil another time for that his treasur was exhausted was verie wel satisfied There the Pragmatike sanction was abolished Pragmatike sanction abolished the Pope granting liberty to the king to the preiudice of the clergy of France to name present men at his pleasure to ecclesiastical dignities and benefices being voide within his realme a priuiledge which belonged to Chapters and Colledge they made many other agreements to the contentment one of another In this estate stood the affaires of Italie towards the end of king Ferdinands daies whose disease did vndermine him by little little yet he would needs part from Segobia to goe into Arragon to the estates whether he had sent Queene Germaine his wife transporting himselfe to Calataiub but he was forced to returne into Castille as well for the affaires of the realme as to giue order to prouide men for Italie in fauour of the emperor Maximilian who made preparation to enter it in the Spring and also to care for the defence of that which he held in Afrike At that time was the marriage betwixt D. Alfonso Peres of Guzman or Aluaro duke of Medina Sydonia and D. Anna of Arragon daughter to D. Alfonso of Arragon the kings Neece to whom one of his Councel comming from visiting a certaine woman whom they held for a Saint in Spaine called the holie woman of Barca reported from her that hee should bee of a good courage for hee should not die before he had conquered Ierusalem but this good woman was deceiued This yeare dyed of a double quarten Ague the great Captaine Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua duke of Sessa Death of D. Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua called the great Captaine Terranoua of Saint Ange marquesse of Bitonto Prince of Squilaci and Constable of the realme of Naples Among the other vertues of this famous man hee is much commended for his great chastity a rare thing in a Spaniard his end was in the seuenty third yeare of his age leauing by his wife D. Maria Henrique one only daughter and heire named D. Eluira of Cordoua his bodie lies in the monastery of Saint Ierosme in that citie The king hearing of the death of this worthy man sent to comfort his widow and daughter 14 In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and sixeteene 1516 which was the last of king Ferdinands life there arriued in Castille at a place called the Sereine doctor Adrian Florent deane of Louuain embassador for Prince Charles of Austria and his Scholemaster who in time was made bishop of Tortosa then Cardinall and successiuely Pope His charge in shew was for matters of gouernement against the Lord of Cheures who was the princes gouernour but in effect he came into Spaine to prie and looke into the state of things and to aduertise the prince And the King dying which was held to bee verie neere hee had authoritie and commaundement to take possession in his name of the gouernement of the realmes of Castille Arragon and the rest The king parted from Plaisance with an intent to goe to Guadalupe there to performe a vow passing from one place to an other his infirmitâ—e still increasing hee stayed at Madrigalejo a borough neere vnto Trugillo where he had a kind of fluxe by reason whereof doctor Adrian who was verie vnpleasing vnto him transported himselfe thither yet shewing him a good countenaunce hee willed him to goe and attend him at Guadalupe his sickenesse encreasing they that were about him were constrayned to aduertise him that his end drew neere the which did much discontent him for hee thought hee had a longer time to liue neyther did hee giue credit to all that his Confessor Frier Thomas of Matienso said vnto him but when they had often reiterated this aduertisement that hee might dispose himselfe to die like a Christian he caused the Licenciat Zapate and doctor Caruaial who were of his chamber and of his Councell to bee called vnto him and with them the Licenciat Vergas his Treasurer who was also of his Councell a man in whom hee had great confidence whom he enioyned and coniured to giue him good and faithfull councell in that which hee should demaund of them hee told them that for the opinion hee had that prince Charles would not come in person to gouerne the realmes of Spaine hee had appoynted the Infant
how the people were affected and whether there were any men of authoritie of his faction to assist him notwithstanding that some Africanes came to visite him promising him by ceremonies othes setting their daggers against their throates according to their manner to aide him and to die with him if neede were whome the gouernour wisht him not to trust Notwithstanding all that Touar could say vnto the king and to Lofredo they would needs march towards the towne bâ—t before they came thither they knew that they had beene well aduised by Toâ—ar for they fell into an ambush which Amida had laâ—ed for them and were charged by so great a multitude of horse and foot as they had no meanes to saue themselues In this defeat there were slaine aboue thirteene hundred Christians vpon the place the rest with great difficulty recouered Goulette disarmed hauing cast them away and wounded Defeat of Christians Among the which the king had escaped had hee not beene discouered by the persumes wherewith hee was annointed according to his custome whereupon he was hotly pursued and taken Being deliuered to his wicked sonne hee caused his eyes to be presently put out the like crueltie hee vsed to Nahasar and Abdulas his younger brethren King of Tunes taken who were taken with the king to whome hee reproached that hee did him but justice for that he had in like maner made his Vncles blinde Crueltie of the sonne to his father and Bretheren and in the end had slaine them to raigne Which being done Amida renued with Francis of Touar all the conuentions and accords which his father had made with the emperor and did the same homage The which Touar thought good to accept by prouision applying himselfe to the time drawing for that hee would not seeme to carefull of that which had hapned a certaine number of ducats from the new tyrant who also deliuered twenty knights Rabatins of the blind kings gard who had been imprisoned for that they had shewed themselues too affectionat to his seruice yeelding vp also the ensignes which had beene taken from Lofredo and his body without a head that they might burie it after the maner of Christians And moreouer Amida deliuered into his hands for hostage a sonne of his called Seithen But notwithstanding all this Francis de Touar detesting the fact of Amida as vnworthie to bee tollerated by the emperour hee did aduertise Abdamelec one of the bretheren of Mâ—ley Hascen who had escaped with Araxid and liued then in exile with a Lord of Numidia called Aneniseba wishing him to come speedily to Tunes hauing wacht an opportunitie by the absence of Amida who was gone to Biserte to receiue that rich custome of fishing which was neere Abdamelec was not sloathfull but comming secretly to Goulette hee found meanes to enter into Tunes by night with a good number of horse which had accompained him going directly to the Castle with his head and his face couered and wrapt in a sheet after the maner of the Countrie where hee was receiued without any difficultie they thinking it to bee Amida who was returned from Biserte but they soone found their owne error and being amazed thought to fall 10 armes but they that were most forward were presently slaine and the rest so terrified Amida dispossest by Abdamelec his vncle as they yeelded Abdamelec being Master of the Castle hee caused many of the towne which did fauour him to come by whome hee was saluted and acknowledged for king of Tunes but hee raigned but thirtie and sixe daies dying of a pestilent burning feuer Before his death hee drew Muley Hascen out of prison who receiued this good from him whome hee had persecuted and retyred to Goulette where hee had left in the hands of Francis Touar many jewels and mooueables of great price whereof hee gaue him no verie good accompt The Tunesians in Abdamelecs place did choose for their king a Sonne of his called Mahumet being but twelue yeares old to whome they gaue foure cheefe men for Councellors and Gouernors of his youth which were Abdâ—lages who held the dignitie and office of Manufete Abdelchiriâ— Mesuar which is another dignitie and Xerife borne at Bugia Disloyaltie of the Regeâ—ts to the young king of Tunes a Moore learned in the law of Mahumet and with them one Iohn Perell of the order of the Rabatins Abdelchirin for that hee was an honest man was slaine by his companions who afterwards made a Friumuirat betwixt them committing all excesse and villanie contemning the kings youth and promising vnto themselues all impunitie Among other insolencies Perel hauing seised vpon the Serrail where the wiues and concubines of Amida were he rauisht them all which haply was the greatest displeasure Amida receiued for those people are wonderfull jealous of their wiues but he tooke a cruell reuenge Reuenge of Amida hauing soone after surprised the citie with the helpe of his friends and partisans so suddenly as the young king had scarce leasure to get into a little barke and flie to Goulette he caused Perel to be cruelly tortured and hauing cut off his priuie parts the instruments of his sinne he caused him to be burnt aliue in the market place He put them also to death which had adhered to Abdamelec and among others fortie Rabatines whose bodies were eaten with dogs a punishment which he vsed for them which had committed any haynous offence causing them to be torne in peeces aliue and denoured by his famished dogs Amida raigned aboue fifteene yeares after vntill that Aluch Ali whom they called Locciali gouernour of Alger depriued him surprising the towne in the yeare 1560 which hath euer since beene held by the Turke but for some short interruption whereof D. Iohn of Austria was the cause as we will shew As for the poore king Muley Hascen he caused himselfe to be conducted to Naples and from thence went to the Emperour to Ausburg where he reported his misfortunes and complained much of Francis de Touar who detained his jewels The Emperour ended this difference by a composition made betwixt the parties and he appointed that Muley Hascen should haue apention paid him during his life by the Sicilians and so he was sent back into Italie and Touar soone after called home from his gouernment ⧠THE 28 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 BIrth of D. Carlo prince of Spaine 2 Agreement betwixt Pope Paul the third and the Emperour Charles to make warre against the Protestants of Germanie 3 Warre betwixt the Portugals and Turkes at the East Indies 4 Mariage of Ioane of Albret heire of Nauarre with Anthonie duke of Bourbâ—n 5 D. Philip prince of Spaine goes into Flanders 6 Muley Basan a prince of the Moores demaunds succours in Spaine 7 Councell transferred from Trent to Bolonia 8 Sedition at Peru for the gouernment 9 Octauio Farnese excommunicated cause of new warre betwixt France and Spaine 10 League betwixt the princes of Germanie
first that obtained pardon 1547 paying an hundred thousand crownes and twelue peeces of ordnance with their furniture and receiuing a garrison of ten companies of foot Ausbourg did the like and paid an hundred and fiftie thousand crownes and twelue peeces of ordnance and receiued the like garrison Diuers other townes yeelded also 1546 and in the end the duke of Wittenberg would make triall of the Emperours clemencie so as being assured of high Germanie he began to follow the Protestants armie and came to Nuremberg The Prince Elector tooke some small townes in his way bending towards Francfort to draw money as well from his friends as from the Clergie and then he turned towards his countrey his armie decreasing much for that many seeing the Emperour to prosper abandoned him He being come into Turinga and Misnia Maurice dislodged hauing put good garrisons into Leipfie and Dresda which places he onely preserued for all the rest the Electors recouered and then he retyred to Ferdinand and they both together came and ioyned with the Emperours campe at Egre vpon the confines of Bohemia The earle of Bure was come towards Francfort with commaundement to enter into the Landgraues countrey for whom many princes and among them Maurice his sonne in law did sue vnto the Emperour for his pardon but to small effect for he had a great desire to haue him thinking him alone sufficient to raise the Protestant affaires Landgraue feared by the Emperour if they were ruined Bure tooke Darmast by composition and then Francfort where they were in great feare to loose their Faires which many of their neighbours did affect Strasbourg a great and rich citie did also compound The Emperour comming with great speed to the riuer of Elbe hauing found a foord where the Spaniards did him great seruice for the passage was defended by the Protestants armie he past his troupes and pursued the Elector who sought to recouer Wittenberg the chiefe towne of his Electorat being strong and well fortified but he stayed him neere vnto the forest of Lochane the Elector hauing scarce halfe his forces Defeat of the Elector of Saxony and his â—â—king for he had not leasure to gather them together being dispersed Being thus forced to fight with disaduantage he was vanquished and taken being wounded in the face Ernest of Brunswic sonne to Philip was taken with the Elector his eldest sonne recouered Wittenberg being hurt whither many others escaped from this conflict The Emperour hauing this prince his prisoner vsed him roughly in speech and king Ferdinand more He was giuen in gard to the duke of Alua who committed him to Alphonso Viues to keepe safely Within few dayes the Emperour gaue sentence of death against him the which notwithstanding was reuoked at the suit of the marquesse of Brandebourg but to redeem his life he was forced to vndergo hard conditions Among others he did quit the dignitie of Elector Conditions imposed vpon the Elector of Saxonie which was giuen to Maurice with all his lands by the Emperor who did confiscat them as being guiltie of high treason he and his children promising to obey the Imperiall chamber such as the Emperour should erect and for his entertainment Maurice was charged to pay him a yearely pention of fiftie thousand crownes The towne of Wittenberg and the castle of Goth were deliuered to Maurice leauing it to his discretion to suffer Frederics children to dwell in Goth and as for himselfe hee should remaine the Emperours prisoner There were many other sharpe conditions imposed vpon him all which he signed and refused but one article which was a promise to obey the decrees of the Councell of Trent the which hee constantly reiected saying That he had rather die than yeeld to it Constancie of the Elector Frederic wherefore the Emperour caused it to be rased out Duke Maurice being now Elector and hauing ioyned to his owne patrimonie the inheritance of prince Frederic of Saxonie he began to be a suitor for the Landgraue of Heâ—â—e his father in law imploying all his friends as the marquesse of Brandebourg did in like maner who in the end obtained a promise from the Emperour to pardon his life Conditions propounded by the Emperor to the Landgraue to remit all other punishments due to rebels to leaue him his country with one fort furnished with artillerie so as he did renounce all leagues to the preiudice of him or his brother Ferdinand obey the Imperial Chamber which the Emperor should establish giue him all the rest of his ordnance pay him within foure moneths 150000 crownes for the charges of the warre to deliuer the prisoners which he held and come and craue pardon of the Emperour The Landgraue hauing accepted these conditions by the aduice of his counsellors considering the present danger he came to Hale in Saxonie to the Emperor on the eight and twentieth of Iune where before he presented himselfe vnto him they brought him the former articles to signe but for that they had added many things which were not contained in those which the marquesse of Brandebourg and duke Maurice had sent him he would not doe any thing 1547 for the which there was great question betwixt betwixt him and the bishop of Arras who would needs haue him signe it Among other things they had added That the Emperour did reserue vnto himselfe the interpretation of euerie article and that the Landgraue did submit himselfe to the decrees of the Councell of Trent for the which he should giue caution The Landgraue being prest and threatened remembring that Brandebourg and the new Elector had promised to maintaine the confession of Ausbourg he signed That he would obey the decrees of a holy free and generall Councell where both head and members should be reformed as Maurice and Braâ—debourg would doe This done they led him into a hall Submission of the Landgraue whereas the Emperour was set vpon a throne where kneeling downe before him and confessing That he had offended his Maiestie and deserued punishment he craued pardon and implored his clemencie The Emperour made answer by George Selde That although he had deserued grieuous punishment yet vsing his clemencie and yeelding to the intreaties of many princes and noblemen whom he desired to gratifie he remitted the punishment which he had deserued either by losse of life and goods or by perpetuall imprisonment Which done the Landgraue was carried backe to the duke of Aluaes lodging where he supt where hauing plaied late at dice he was amazed when as offering to goe away he was staied and had a gard giuen him whereat the marquesse of Brandebourg and Maurice were much discontented but there was no remedie the duke of Alba and the bishop of Arâ—â—s saying That it was the Emperours pleasure This proceeding which the Emperour sought to justifie by glosses depriued him of the fruit which he pretended of his enterprises so easily are mans designes and imaginations ouerthrowne 3 We
the low Countries attended to gard him it being dangerous sailing vpon that coast there came from Southampton a shippe royally appoynted being followed by tenne others which were sent by the Queene to receiue the princes person and his whole Court in the which were many noblemen of England sent to that end 1555 and to present vnto him the order of the Garter which he receiued with a ioyfull countenance and put the garter on his left leg Hee would not haue anie go into the ship with him but the duke of Alba Ruy Gomes de Silua Antonio de Toledo and Pedro Lopes the first was his lord steward the second lord chamberlain the third master of his horse and the last a steward also but afterwards other noblemen and the whole court landed with their furniture which continued three days During the princes stay there he was entertained with all the state that might be desired from thence he went to Winchester where the Queene attended him and where the marriage was celebrated On the 25 of that month Philippe made king of Naples there was first read the renunciation of the emperour his father by the which he resigned vnto him the realme of Naples then the articles of the capitulation made in regard of that marriage The Emperour would not neyther did the English thinke it fit their Queene should marrie with any one that had not the tittle of a King so as the realme of Naples was assigned vnto him and soone after the Duchie of Milan Whereupon the Marques of Pescara was sent to Naples to take possession in his name which ceremonie was done the 25 of Nouember with great solemnity in the presence of cardinall Pacheco then viceroy and of the prince of Bisignano who was created Sindic of the city to that end In the yeere 1555 died pope Iulio de Monte Death of pope Iulio the third hee was of a quiet disposition louing his people but irresolute in his greatest affaires which grew of a desire he had to be friend both to the French king and Emperour who hauing not that art that was requisite to reconcile their old quarrels hee found himselfe often deceiued in his designes and was not beloued of any of them Death of pope Marcel He was succeeded by Marcel Ceruin of Montepulciano cardinall of Sancta Croix a man of a verie good life giuing great hope of his good gouernment but hee died within three weekes after his election confirming a common opinion in the people of Rome that the Popes which change not their name die presently His successour Iohn Peter Caraffa cardinall of Ostia failed not to change his name whom they named Paul the fourth Pope Paul the fourth hee was called Chietin or Thietin of the name of an Order of religious men whereof hee had beene the Author at such time as hee was Bishop of Chieti or Thieti in Abruzzo he was also surnamed the Warrior 16 The same yeare Queene Ioane mother to the Emperour died in the towne of Tordesillas Death of queen Ioane the emperours mother hauing beene alwayes troubled in her sences and distracted since the death of king Philippe her husband vntill that she was threescore and fifteene yeeres old this princesse troubling her selfe infinitely for that she thought she was contemned and that they kept her as a prisoner this ambitious humour of commaund would not suffer her to take any rest so as this sharpe and violent humor of melancholie which she had as it were by inheritance from the Queene D. Isabella a Portugall wife to D. Iohn the second King of Castille her grandmother was continued and augmented in her 17 Henry of Albret king of Nauarre died about that time at Pau Death of Henry of Albret king Nauarre in the fiftieth yeare of his age He ordayned as the Kings his predecessours had done that he would be buried in Pampelone whose bodie was layd at Lescar in Bearne To whose possessions and right to the realme of Nauarre Ioane of Albret his onely daughter succeeded beeing married to Anthonie of Burbon duke of Vendosme Gouernors of Nauarre This realme detained by the Emperour was in the meane time gouerned by Viceroyes about the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and fiftie by D. Barnardin Cardenas duke of Magueda in whose time D. Philippe prince of the Asturies and heire of Castille Arragon c. was sworne prince of Viana and in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and two D. Bertrand de la Cuenâ— duke of Albuquerque took vpon him the gouernement it is hee that was in Guipuscoa whenas the French held Fontarrabie By him there were certaine light enterprises made vpon the frontires of France and vpon the towne of Saint Iohn de Lus in the precedent warres and by the diligence of the said Duke of Albuquerque the prince D. Philip was declared king of Nauarre with the emperours consent by the Estates of the Countrey beeing assembled at Pampelone Death of D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and sixe About this time D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes and Marshall of the realme of Nauarre died at Toledo leauing for heire to his possessions D. Ieronima of Nauarre in fauour of whom her husband D. Iohn de Benauides was made marshall The warre had beene verie hot these last yeares betwixt the French and the imperials vpon the frontiers of Artois and Picardie and in Piedmont the which had extended into Tuscaine whereas Peter Strossy who commanded the French forces was defeated in battell by the Marquesse of Marignan Generall for the emperour Sienna had beene long beseeged by the Imperials Sienna loseth her libertie and defended by the French but in the end it was yeelded and made subiect to the duke of Florence But the French notwithstandingh this bad successe in Tuscaine began to grow strong in Piedmont and seemed to threaten the duchie of Milan where there wanted a Gouernour D. Ferdinand Gonzague being called in Flaunders to iustifie himselfe as hee did of the slaunders wherewith hee was taxed by D. Iohn de Luna a Spaniard Castellan of Milan and the Chaunceller Tauerne Ruy Gomez de Silua imbraced this occasion who beeing much beloued by king Philip and finding the duke of Alba to be a great competitor in his Maiesties fauour hee had practised long by all the policies of a Courteour to send him from Court besides hee was suspected to fauour them that did molest Fernand Gonzague to the end that being called thence the duke might haue meanes to bee sent thither with a large authoritie the which succeeded according to his desire for the warre increasing in Piedment and ill mannaged by them that commanded the king resolued the emperours Councell being also of that minde to send the duke of Alba to reduce it into some better estate But he would not accept of that charge which indeed was great and weighty
if hee might not haue such authoritie giuen him as hee might gouerne with honour and hope of good successe Wherefore hee obtained a title Duke of Alba sent Viceroy into Italie which was neuer before graunted to any of the emperours Ministers passing with full power and authoritie to gouerne the realme of Naples and the duchie of Milan as well in peace as in warre and to gouerne all as if his Majestie were there in person And for that hee knew how weake the forces were in Italie for want of money before his departure he would haue great prouision made both from the lowe countries Spaine and Italie so as with an opinion to doe great matters not onely by the same of his authoritie and valour but by the great sum of money which was assigned him he gaue order for his speedy passage beyond the Alpes Hee sent Commissions before to haue men artillerie munition victuals and pioners in a readinesse and himselfe came in post the twelfth of Iune to Milan the successe of that warre you may read in its proper historie The duke of Alba hearing of some alteration intended vpon the confines of the realmes of Naples was inuited to goe thither notwithstanding that the king had already sent Bernardine of Mendosa thither with the title of Lieutenant in the place of Cardinall Pacecco who went away hearing of the dukes arriuall in Italie making Iohn Baptista Castaldo his Lieutenant in the state of Milan 18 The emperour this yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and fiue Emperour Charles resignes the Gouernment to his son broken with toyles of the world and willing to free himselfe of so great a burthen and to satisfie the desire of his sonne king Philip to whom although he had giuen the title of King of Naples and afterwards of duke of Milan yet the gouernment remained at the disposition of the emperors councell he resolued to renounce the absolute gouernment with the titles of al those realmes states except the empire to the which his brother Ferdinand should succeed So calling his sonne into Flaunders he made this renunciation with great ceremonies in the town of Brussels the fiue and twentieth day of October in a great assemblie of the Nobilitie Prelates and deputies of towns the Queene of Hungarie and Meximilian the emperours sonne in law with some other princes being present but all Spaniards officers others of what qualitie soeuer were put out of the hall and not any suffered to stay but such as had business or had beene called So as from that time all matters were handled by the said kings Councell and he was called both king of Spaine and Catholike But before the resignation of all his realmes and estates in this honourable assemblie he gaue these instructions vnto his Sonne for the better gouernment of his estate The instructions of the emperour Charles when hee resigned his estates vnto his Sonne Philip. I Haue resolued most deare son to come now to the point of resigning into your hands the full administration and absolute gouernment of al my estates realms as I haue often told you wherefore my pleasure is that against the morning you giue order for the performance of this act with all due ceremonies you shall also giue order with speed by sending messengers into euery part that both gouernors inferior magistrates and people acknowledge you as in duty they are boūd for their superior yeelding you due obediēce that al persons except such as are subiect to the empire take the oth of allegeance The like oth I wil haue the generals of armies al the commanders of martial forces take that they may from henceforth in the point of loyalty depend vpon your selfe no other The more rare this president is of princes which haue bin content to resigne their estates vnto their successors the greater are the signs not only of my loue to you but of the assurance I haue of your good inclination my great care to see your estate setled I could defer this act as most princes doe vntill my death but hauing a desire rather to imitate the smaller number of fathers in this point I haue chosen willingly by this act in my life time to make my self a superior rather than a cōpanion to any It is a weak trial of the valor resolution of a prince to subdue kingdoms by force in comparison of conquering himself being thus far cōtent not only to bridle al ambition desire of rule but to submit himselfe to a certain kind of obedience Against this course sensuality doth striue with all her force and in exchange of al worldlie satisfactiōs which are enioyed by the prerogatiue of absolute authoritie setteth before our eies the rigor of the laws to which as to a common bounder princes setting their authoritie aside must leuell all their actions as well as priuat men To blind our vnderstanding farther with like vailes the same sensuall consideration stirreth vp by way of admonition a prouident forecast of diuers inconueniences whereinto many fall that haue made themselues subiect to the will of other men by the diuersitie of their conceits and censures the which by the corruption of the care of priuat interest are apt to swarue from the right rule of integritie It may be that some wil be terrified with this common supposition that princes which are once possessed of authoritie may resigne it at their owne pleasures but they must resume it at the pleasures of other men Yet fatherly affection hath preuailed in me more than all these zealous considerations and duetie also in some part for finding my selfe now aged which may bee accompted greater in regard of my sickely estate my satietie of glory in this world and wearinesse of toile finding moreouer that by my continuall trauell vnto this day I could not satisfie in any part the duetie which belongeth vnto the profession of a Christian I find my selfe inflamed with a most earnest desire to free my selfe from so manie troublesome incombrances and then retire my selfe to a meere religious kind of life and more fit for a Christian. On the other side the consideration of your age being now ripe and fit for gouernment together with the expectation which you haue gotten in the world by managing the greatest affaires of Spaine with great judgement do moue me the rather to proceed in my resolution Being moued by all these good considerations I haue thought it fit to lay this weighty burthen vpon your shoulders and to ease mine owne which time and trauell haue now weakened and disabled I do confidently hope that the subiects of al my prouinces shal haue cause to thanke God first and then me for this resolution in respect of the gratious vsage they shall receiue at your hands succeeding in my place neither is it hurtfull vnto your selfe that by his occasion during my life you shall settle your selfe more firmely in my dominions It remaineth then
these there were as some write other secret articles concluded betwixt Caraffa and the duke of Alba concerning Palieno and that duke During these broiles betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the warre was as violent vpon the frontiers of Artois Picardie where the duke of Sauoy being general for the king of Spain S. Quentin taken entred with an armie of 40000 men he beseeged S. Quentin defeated and tooke the Constable which came for to relieue it and then tooke the towne after which the duke of Guise was called home out of Italie The duke of Sauoy hauing taken Castelet and some other places in Picardie dissolued his armie after which the French king hauing raised a great armie commaunded by the duke of Guise Calis taken hee tooke Calis Guines and all the land of Oye from the English in the heart of winter 1558 Soone after the Marshall of Termes went with an armie into Flaunders where hauing taken Bergues and Dunkerke and beseeged Grauelin hee was charged by the earle of Egmont his armie defeated and hee himselfe taken Marshall of Termes defeated After which rout the French king leuied new forces and came and camped about Amiens And king Philip on the other side being nothing inferiour in forces lodged neere vnto Dourlans Whilest that these two mightie armies which lay so neere one vnto another held all the world in expectation of some bloudie battell God inspired the hearts of these two great Princes with a desire to quench this warre without effusion of bloud and to preferre an accord before a doubtfull victorie wherefore their Deputies being assembled in the Abbaie of Cercampe vpon the Marches of Artois hauing propounded certaine Articles a peace was more easily concluded at Castell Cambresis Peace betwixt France and Spaine vpon the newes of the death of Marie queene of England The conditions were 1 That king Philip being a widower should marrie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Henrie 2 That Marguerite of Fraunce the kings Sister should bee giuen in marriage to Emanuel Philibert duke of Sauoy and that in consideration thereof all his country townes Castles and iurisdictions of Sauoy and Piedmont should bee restored except the towns of Turin Quier Pignerol Chiuas and Villanoua of Ast which should continue three yeares in the French kings hands and that in the meane time the king of Spain should retaine Ast and Verceil 3 That all the Townes and forts which had beene taken in these last warres should bee restored on either part whether they did belong to those kings or to others which had followed their parties and namely the Island of Corsica to the Genouois Montferrat to the duke of Mantoua and the towne and castle of Bouillon to the bishop of Leege 4 That they of the house of Longueuille should bee put in possession of the countie of Saint Paul and the king D. Philip of the country of Charalois the Soueraigntie referued but there was no mention made of the Siennois 5 That the two kings should doe their best endeuours to entertaine the peace of Christendome and should procure the continuance and ending of the generall councell begun at Trent This yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight Death of Queen Leonora queene Leonora sister to the Emperour Charles the fift died in Februarie at Talaberuela three leagues from Badajos shee was first wife to Emanuell king of Portugall and then to Francis the French king she was honoured with a royall funerall pompe And in September following the emperour Charles ended all his toiles Death of the Emperour Charles the fift and past to a better life in the monasterie of Saint Iust where hee had remained two yeares his bodie was left there to bee afterwards buried in the monasterie of Saint Laurence which king Philip his sonne did since build with great charge and state in remembrance of the victorie gotten against the French and the taking of the Constable on Saint Laurence day the tenth of August Hee left an immortall fame of his valour Praises of the Emperour Charles more than any of his predecessors had done in many hundred yeares before for that in him all those vertues might be seene which are to bee desired in one that shold gouerne his people iustly and commaund armes and manage warre iuditiously He was verie religious and pitifull to the poore wherein he seemed rather prodigal than liberall In his eating drinking apparel he was very temperate modest so as he might wel be a president to any priuat mā as wel as to great princes in the practise of that vertue He had a care of justice to haue it duly administred although the continual wars wherewith he was afflicted made him to endure many defects He not only spake the language of euery nation on where hee commaunded in Europe but also those that were not vnder his gouernment for hee spake the French and Sclauon tongues readily In other things hee was not learned but eloquent shewing great grauitie in his speech It seemed that his good fortune did strue with vertue to fauour him Hee was prompt in execution and constant against any apparent daunger little esteeming death Hee was so accustomed to the toyles of warre that vntill hee grew aged it seemed no trouble vnto him Hee liued eight and fiftie yeares sixe moneths and sixe and twentie daies his funerals were celebrated with great pompe throughout all the cities of his realme yea throughout Christendome euerie one seeming both in publike in and in priuate to be partakers of this generall losse In December after king Philip his Sonne caused his funerall to bee made at Brussells with great state and pompe where all his most glorious enterprises were represented Spaine this yeare besides the losse of two such great Princes was not a little annoyed by the Turkes army which going from Prouence landed some men in the Island of Minorca beyond the port of Maone and there after some difficultie and losse Armie of Turks in Minorca they tooke Cittadella where there were not aboue fiue hundred men to defend it of whome there were aboue foure hundred slaine the Turkes disdaining that they were forced to batter it and to giue some assaults before they could take it And so valour which is wont to bee admired and respected of the enemie did now cause a contrarie effect in the hearts of these barbarous and cruell men and hauing spoyled the towne and the whole island they returned with many prisoners into Prouence 22 A little before the emperours death Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal D. Iohn the third of that name king of Portugall died at Lisbone to the great griefe of his subiects by reason of the infancie wherein hee left D. Sebastian the heire of the Crowne Hee was stately and beautifull Prince and of hautie enterprise hee continued the Nauigation of the Indes with great happinesse and reputation and made the name
in Iulie some say he was poisoned Death of the Prince of Spain others write that he was strangled by foure slaues He was buried in the Monasterie of S. Dominike the royall at Madrid whereas the king D. Pedro the cruel had beene interred Peter Mathew in his French Historie writing of the life and death of king Philip the second he sets downe a formall proceeding of the father against his Sonne in this action the which for that this subiect is so rare and memorable I haue thoght good also to insert After the Princes restra int◠Mathews vpon the death of Prince Charles as wee haue saied the king saith hee propounded to his Councel of conscience what punishment a kings son deserued that had made leagues against his estates and conspired against his fathers life and whether hee might be called in question His Councell laied two remedies before him both iust and possible the one of grace and the other of Iustice and punishment shewing him the difference betwixt the mercie of a father and the sinceritie of a king saying that if by his clemencie he did pardon them which loued him not hee must of force pardon that creature which should be most deare vnto him They desired him to imitate the emperour Charlemaigne who imputed the first conspiracie of his Sonne Pepin against him to the follies of youth for the second he confined him into a Monasterie protesting that he was a father not a king nor a iudge against his Sonne The king answered that by the law of nature he loued his Son better than himselfe but by the law of God the good and safetie of his subiects was to be preferred Moreouer hee demanded if knowing the miseries which the impunitie of his Sonnes offences would breed whether he might with a safe conscience pardon him and not be guiltie of these miseries Whereat his Diuines shrunke in their shoulders and with teares in their eies said that the safetie and health of his subiects ought to be dearer vnto him than his sonnes and that hee ought to pardon offences but such crimes should bee supprest as abhominable monsters Hereupon the king committed his Sonne to the censure of the Inquisitors commending them not to respect his authoritie no more than the meanest within his kingdome and to regard the qualitie of his Sonne as if he were borne a king making no distinction thereof with the partie accused vntill they found that the excesse of his offence would no more admit of this consideration remembring that they carried in their soules a liuelie image of the king which had iudged Angels and should without distinction iudge kings and the Sonnes of kings like vnto other men referring al vnto their consciences and discharging his owne The Inquisitors Iudgement of the inquisitors against the Prince of Spain for that he was charged to haue practised with Castillion Admirall of France the prince of Orange and other enemies of the Romish◠Religion declared him an heretike and for that hee had conspired against his fathers life they condemned him to die The king was his accuser and the Inquisitors his iudges but the sentence was signed by the king which done they presented many kinds of death in picture vnto the prince to make choise of the easiest In the end he demanded if there were no pitie in his father to pardon him no fauour in his Councell for a Prince of Spaine nor any wisdome to excuse the follies of his youth when as they told him that his death was determined could not be reuoked and that all the fauour was in the choise of the easiest death hee said that they might put him to what death they pleased that there was no choise of any death seeing that they could not giue him that which Caesar held to be the best These words deliuered with passion were followed with a thousand imprecations against his fortune against the inhumanity of his father and the crueltie of the Inquisition repeating these words often O miserable Sonne of a more miserable father He had some daies giuen him to prepare himselfe for death 1568 One morning foure slaues entred into his chamber who awaking him put him in mind of his last houre and gaue him some time to prepare himselfe vnto God He start vp suddenly and fled to the bed post but two of them held his armes and the third his feet and the fourth strangled him with a cord of silk Many hold that he died of letting blod his feet being put in warm water But Campana in the life of Philip 2 writes that being in prison he fel verie sick by reason of his disordred diet and drinking too much cold water wherewith his stomack grew so weake as he could not digest any meat which the Phisitions could not helpe so as hee died as he affirms of this sicknes verie religiously and penitenly to the great griefe of the king the whol state moreouer he writes that the king being much perplexed for this great losse retired himselfe into his chamber with two seruants wold not giue any audience then for many daies into the monasterie of S. Ierosme a mile without the town sequestring himself of al affairs writing only to princes potentates causing his secretaries to write vnto all his realms states of the death of his deare only son Thus writers discourse diuersly of the death of this Prince the which I leaue to the iuditious Reader to beleeue what he shall thinke most probable Within foure months after the death of the Prince D. Carlo Death of the queen of Spain the Queene D. Isabella his mother in law died also being broght in bed of her third child before her time the Phisitiōs hauing ignorātly caused her to take too much Phisick fering some other infirmitie this was the brute of the court of Spain But in France they had reason to think that the life of this princesse was shortned like vnto that of D. Charles by some notable malice by the same instruments For they to whom D. Isabella did belong in bloud had been verie carefull to auer the causes maner of her death but not so resolute to call it in question as Clouis sons were to reuenge the iniurie done vnto their Sister in Spaine where she also had beene maried As for the Prince Turkett it was verie cōmon in Spain that the great hatred the king bate him grew rather from the suggestions and reports of others than from his own misdeeds for by nature he was neither giuen to any odious vices Disposition of the prince D. Charles neither was he of so harsh and sower a disposition as commonly great men of that coūtrie be It is true that D. Charles kept his grauitie to courtiers that he shewed himselfe verie ambitious too desirous to mannage affaires and to be imploied and was giuen to some kindes of pleasures Such as would excuse him said
choosing in his place Diego Lopes Aben Aboo to raigne ouer them Aben Aboo chosen king of the Râ—bels a cruell man but hee had more iudgement and gouernment than the other so as D. Iohn de Austria had more cause to thinke seriously of the affaires of the war Hee gaue the charge of the Riuers of Almerie Bolodui Almansora Sierra de Basa and Filabres and of the Marquisate of Zenete to Ierome Malech and to Xoabi and Sierra Neuada the land of Velez the Alpuxarres and the Valley of Montojo of Granado to Hascien de Gueiar Hee sent presents to Vluccialy and to the Moâ—ti of Constantinople to keepe him in grace with the great Turke and to bee a meanes for some succours he made a regiment of foure thousand men for his gard whereof a thousand should be alwaies in gard At his election he found tenne thousand men in the armie and among them six hundred Turkes The Marquesse of Mondejar at that time left the affairs of Granado went to Valentia where he was appointed viceroy in which charge he continued not long but past to Naples to gouern there with like dignitie The duke of Sesse was chief of the army which the marquesse was wont to lead who releeued the Garrison of Orgiba which Aben Aboo the new king beseeged and kept the pace of Lantjaron where there was a great skirmish the which continued long through the Turkes valour in the which there were many slaine of either part Orgiba was abandoned by the commandement of D. Iohn who sent the Captaine of that place with his men to Motrill In the Dukes armie there were many Noble men of marke as Pagan Doria brother to Iohn Andrew D. Gabriel and Lewis de Cordoâ—a D. Lewis de Cardone and others which armie was appointed to clense the Alpuxarra In the other part whereas the marquesse of Veles made warre D. Iohn would commaund in person hauing Malech and Xoabi to make head against him In these Christian armies there were certaine couragious Monkes marching in the head of the troupes who held a Crucifex in one hand and a naked sword in the other The Moores attempted Galere Galere taken by the Moores a strong place of situation belonging to Eurigue a league from Guescar and tooke it They went to beseege Oria but they of Lorca their neightbours who were alwaies good souldiers came thither 〈…〉 foure hundred Moores Moores defeated raised the seege and carried away fiue Ensignes 〈◊〉 with the bodie of his armie by the riuer of Almansora D. Iohn led his by that of Xenil this Riuer runnes by Piuillos and enters into an other called Aguasblancas which together passing by the village of Cene runne towards Granado and betwixt these two riuers is the Mountaine of Guejar one of the descents of Sierra Neuada in the which there kept about foure thousand Moores vnder the Captaines Xoabi Choconcillo Macox and Moxixar who ranne euen to the gates of Granado D. Iohn made them dislodge and retire farther into the mountaines of Sierra Neuada Farrax Aben Farrax was among the Moores that were at Guejar Farrax Aben Farrax his miserable estate in poore and miserable estate of whose aduentutur it is fit to make some little mention Being in disgrace with king Aben Humeia and put from all affaires his miserie had brought him to that despaire as hee was ready to yeeld himselfe to the Marquesse of Mondejar who without doubt had put him to an exemplarie death being in suspence and hauing changed his minde hee thought it better to yeeld himselfe vnto the Inquisition thinking that making his accustomed submissions he should haue his life saued at the least There was a Moore with him which had beene his companion in the art of dying to whom hauing imparted this his designe exhorting him to doe the like for hee was no lesse culpable than he he liked well of it and was content to go before to treat with them of the Inquisition for them both Farrax hauing instructed him being to depart that night and therefore they were retired into a valley couered with wood to keepe their businesse more secret after that he had discoursed long reiterated his instructions to this Moor he fel a sleep in the wood the other seeing him fast thoght that he should make his peace better if hee slue him and being resolued hee tooke a great stone wherewith he gaue him so many blowes vpon the head face and bodie as hee left him for dead and then he went as it is to bee coniectured to Granado Farrax being thus pittifully handled remained two daies neither dead nor aliue in that Vallie whereas two Moores passing by found him whilest hee yet breathed and not knowing what hee was but onely finding that hee was a Moore they laied him for pittie sake vpon one of their horses and carried him to Guejar where hee was lookt vnto and cured but hee remained so disfigured as his visage had scarce any shape of a mans and in this estate hee followed the troupes liuing of almes being known of few men This was the reward of the chiefe authour of the Moores rebellion Returning to Aben Aboo he had a intent to gather the Oliues vpon the riuer of Boldni hauing sent a number of Moorish women thither with a gard of eight hundred souldiers Defeat of Moores but they were no good gardians for being charged by the Marquesse of Velez they fled with the losse of two hundred of their men slain vpon the place and all their women were taken Guescar was also relieued by the Marquesse who slue about fiue hundred of the Moors Winter broght many discommodities both to the one and the other yet the Marquesse of Velez held Galeres alwaies inuested but seeing in the Spring that D. Iohn would come and beseege it himselfe he retyred for he was so ambitious as he would haue the honor of euerie thing that was done where he was The body of D. Iohns armie which was inteÌ„ded against the fort of Galere was made at Guescar D. Iohn being at Basa which is 7 leagues off where he prouided for all things necessarie Galere was but a borough without any wall but seated among rockes which couered it being enuironed with deep precipices the which the Moors by trauerses and barracadoes had made in a maner impenetrable and in thâ—se deep bottomes the riuer ran wheras they of the Borogh were forced to fetch their water and to the end they might goe thither without danger the Moores had made a way like a wall Galere beseeged and taken and by this meanes they did water safely There were three thousand Moores and Turkes to defend this fort The church without the borogh had a high Tower which serued them both for a watch and a Citadell D. Iohn brought his armie thither and hauing made there batteries he presently took this church by one of them But when he came to the Borough there was great
in the Spring and that his ministers at Rome should resolue in euerie occasion concerning the league as they should thinke best without expecting any new order from Spaine From thence he past into Portugall to treat in like manner with the king D. Sebastian concerning the league Disposition of Sebastian king of Portugall This young prince was bred vp in generous thoughts to purchase much glorie by making warre against Infidels and therein to exceed his predecessors hauing in himselfe a naturall disposition to warre an able bodie and practised in those painefull exercises which belong vnto warre hauing beene alwaies laid before him by the Iesuites which instructed him That all his enterprises should bee for the sole benefit of Christendome they had made his mind as religious as his owne nature and the exhortations of his noblemen had made him warlike so as hee did not thinke or reason of any thing but of warre And for that the example of his predecessors did represent vnto him in his sleepe the honourable victories and glorious conquests they had made in Afrike and the East Indies hee in like manner directed all his thoughts to that end The Legat Alexandrino finding him in this disposition did easily draw him to enter into this league against the Turke who not onely promised to send his gallies well appointed to the Christians armie but he would also annoy Selyâ— with another great nauie at Suez and other places held by the Turkes in the red sea and in the gulph of Persia and moreouer the Pope desiring to breake the marriage betwixt Marguerite of Valois and the king of Nauarre he gaue commission vnto the Cardinall to moue this marriage vnto the King of Portugall the which would haue beene somewhat difficult if the king had not beene much deuoted to the Pope who at his intreatie layed aside a strange resolution which was that he would not heare speake of a wife because he would not be held effeminate to the great griefe of his grandmother his vncle and the wisest of his Nobilitie who desired to see some issue of him and the succession of the realme assured In the end he was content to take this French ladie King of Portugal content to take Marguerit of Valois to wiâ—e neither desired he any other dowrie but a generous resolution in king Charles to enter in the league Matters beeing thus setled in Spaine the Cardinall according to his commission past thorough France for the league and marriage but he found no meanes to effect either whereupon he returned into Italy Don Iohn of Austria being much pleased with this honorable charge came from Spaine to Genoua where he stayed not long but arriued on the ninth of August at Naples bringing with him from the Court the great Commander of Castile with the title of his Lieutenant Noblemen with Don Iohn in the army and chiefe Councellor Fernando Cariglia Earle of Pliego his chiefe Steward D. Francisco d' Ibarra D. Pedro Velasco D. Michell Moncada Gil d' Andrada Carlo Spinelli who had followed him as an aduenturer against the Moores with many others With these there ioyned the Dukes of Parma and Vrbin Don Antonio Carrafa duke of Mondragon the Marquis of Carrara D. Pompee of Lanoy Vincentio Carrafa Prior of Hongary the Earle of Sarno the Marquis of Auila Paul Iourdâ—in Vrsin the Earle of S. Fleur Ascanio de la Corne and Paul Sforza Beeing in Naples Cardinall Granuell the Viceroy who in that action had the authoritie of Legat deliuered vnto D. Iohn the Standard as Generall of the Church the which the Pope had blest who solicited his departure towards Messina by many embassages where the whole fleete should ioyne and whether Marc Antonio Colonna was gone long before with twelue gallies of Florence armed by the Pope and three of the Order of S. Iohn But to returne to the seege of Famagosta Mustapha sought by all meanes possible to get the counterscarpe the which was valiantly defended by Marc Antonio Bragadino and Astor Baglioni the one hauing charge of the gouernement the other of the garrison but in the end the Turkes wonne it Batteries of Famagosta About the midst of May they planted fiue batteries and had made ten forts They had in the beginning aduertised the Seigneury of Venice in what state they stood who sent them a supply of seuenteene hundred men with victuals and munition by Marc Antonio Quirini who past valiantly through the Turkes gards and returned these succors were commanded by Lewis Martinengo The Turkes continued their batteries with great obstinacie and had giuen foure assaults where the beseeged repulst them valiantly but with great losse of either side the beseeged hauing held out till the 20 of Iuly beeing now prest with great hunger and want the number of their souldiers beeing diminished to eight hundred and those much tyred most of the Grecians beeing dead either with fighting or with the continuall toyle Beeing terrified with so great miseries and out of hope of any more succors some of the chiefe of the citie besought Bragadino Speech to Bragadino at Famagosta that he would incline to some accord seeing he had made so good proofe of their faith and constancie in that seege No man would euer hold them vnworthie of commendation if after they had endured so many assaults and suffered so much penurie with want of munition after the losse of so many souldiers and citizens and finally beeing without all hope of succours they had prouided at the least for the liues of their children which remayned and for the honour of poore miserable women that he would not in recompence of their deuotion which they had alwaies shewed to the common-weale of Venice be the cause of the totall ruine of their citie and suffer their wiues and children who had spent so much bloud and offered their bodies to death for their seruice to become a shamefull prey to their Turkish lust there remaining no hope of health but by the meanes of some accord That it was a thing worthie of a wise Noblemen as he was to choose the least of euils And last of all to remember that it was held a brutish crueltie and no valour to runne headlong to a certaine death where there is no hope of life Bragadino knew that their request was just and that their extremities were great yet forcing his owne nature and desiring to preserue the realme which depended wholly vpon the losse of that place he did not thinke it possible that the Senat would neglect so weightie a businesse and not send the succours which had beene promised Wherefore hee would not yeeld to their demaund but fed them with good words putting them in hope of present succours dispatching a fregat presently into Candie to aduertise the Seigniorie of their extremities In the end of Iulie the Turks gaue an assault which continued fiue houres but the besieged seeing there was no meanes to endure another Famagosta
yeelded to the Turkes hauing but seuen barrels of powder left they began to treat of an accord and hauing made a truce the first of August the next day they gaue hostages of either side The conditions were That the citie should be yeelded to the Turkes the persons armes and goods of souldiers and citizens being safe who might remaine there and liue in the laws of Christ and not be wronged in their honours nor substance That such as would depart might haue free passage into Candie and three yeares respite and that the souldiers should be garded by the Turkish gallies that no outrage should be done them and that they might carrie with them fiue peeces of ordnance and three of their best horses That they should not make any Mosques of their churches nor charge the citizens with any carriages or tenthes Mustafa signed these conditions and the souldiers began to imbarke in the gallies and other vessels which the Turks had sent into the port and on the fift day at night Bragadino hauing sent the keyes to Mustafa by cont Nestor Martinengo he went himselfe in person with Astor Baglioni Iohn Antonio Quirini Andrew Brigadino cont Lewis Martinengo with other Commaunders of great worth Mustafa receiued them in shew with great honour and causing them to sit downe hee discoursed with them of diuers things at last he said That the Christians which had imbarked to goe from Famagosta the night before they meant to passe into Candie and to other places belonging to the Venetians had cruelly and treacherously slaine all the Turkish slaues which they had and that three had escaped with great difficultie out of the citie to aduertise the Bassa thereof And therefore he had giuen order that the Turkes should not goe out of the hauen with their vessels before they had good caution for their securitie that they should not be slaine or made slaues in Candie or any other place Whereunto Bragadino answered That it was not in the accord to giue any hostages and therefore he meant not to doe it denying absolutely that there were any Turkes slaine as he had said Mustafa was much altered with this answer and made a signe with his hand that he should come neere him then he caused his interpreter to speake certaine words vnto him in his eare which were not heard nor yet Brigadinos answer but he seemed more furious than a Tigre and striking Marc Antonio vpon the head he and all the rest were presently taken being all vnarmed for it is a custome among the Turkes that no stranger comes vnto them with his armes Men of worth treacherously put to death by Mustafa Then causing them to be led out of the tent he caused Astor Baglioni Andrew Bragadino Iohn Antonio Quirini Lewis Martinengo and the knight del Haste to bee cut in peeces in his presence one after another Marc Antonio being reserued for a more horrible death Cont Hercoles Martinengo being there in hostage was saued by one of the Bassaes Eunuches who tooke him for his slaue The souldiers which were in the campe to the number of three hundred were all slaine and those that were imbarked were made slaues Two dayes after Mustafa entred into Famagosta Death of Marc Antonio Bragadino and hauing caused Bragadinos eares to bee cut off when hee was taken prisoner hee made him to bee set vpon the maine yard of the Admirals gallie of Rhodes to bee a spectacle to the Christians that were there in captiuitie In the end hee caused him to bee set vpon the pillorie in the market place and there to bee flayed aliue by a Iew this lord shewing still a noble resolution and full of Christian pietie neither did hee during all his torments and disgraces which they did vnto him shew any signe of feare or basenesse still reproaching that treacher with the breach of his faith euen vnto his death Then hee caused him to be quartered and one of them to bee set vpon either batterie his skinne was stuft with straw and hung at the yard of one of his galliots being first a miserable spectacle to all the coast of Soria and then to Selim in Constantinople Thus after threescore and fifteene dayes batterie and many assaults the Turkes hauing spent an hundred and fiftie thousand shot of great ordnance Famagosta was taken D. Iohn of Austria came the foure and twentieth of August to Messina D. Iohn d' Austria comes to Messina being receiued by the two other Generals Colonna and Veniero with great honour where all the forces of the league not being yet arriued he called the two Generals with some others of greatest judgement in martiall affaires to counsell to resolue what they had to doe but for that their opinions were diuers it was ordered that they should set them downe in writing with their reasons but the resolution was deferred vntill the arriuall of the rest of the gallies On the first of September Iohn Andrew Doria arriued with twelue gallies hauing imbarkt Germanes and Lombards at Spetie after whom came the marquesse of S. Crux with thirtie gallies from Naples and the next day Quirini and Canale with threescore from Candie soone after there came some ships from Naples laden with men and munition and some gallies from Palermo conducted by Cardona but some other vessels could not come so soone being left to imbarke three thousand Italian foot and 1000 Spaniards that were at Otranto Number of Christians fleet at Messina There were at Messina the eight of September twelue gallies of the Popes 81 of the king of Spaines with twentie ships of burthen some say twentie fiue one hundred and eight gallies of the Seigniorie of Venice six galleasses and two ships three gallies of Malta and three of the Order of S. Lazaro so as there were in the whole fleet two hundred and seuen gallies six gallnasses and two and twentie ships besides foists and other smaller vessels and in them at the least twentie thousand fighting men with victuals and munition sufficient Those that had chiefe charge in this armie besides the Generals were these Ascanio de la Corna was Campe-master generall for the king of Spaine the earle of S. Fiora was Generall of the Italians the Colonels were cont Paulo Sforza the earle of Sarno and Gasper Toraldi the Colonels of the Dutch were the earle of London and Vinciguerra of Arco And of the fleet Iohn Andrew Doria was Generall of his owne gallies which the king paied D. Aluaro de Bassan marquesse of S. Crux gouerned them of Naples with the like title D. Iohn of Cardona them of Sicile and D. Cesare d' Aualos the ships Gabrio Serbelloni was Generall of the ordnance The names of the rest of the Commaunders I omit to auoid tediousnesse The Pope sent Iohn Paulo Odescalco to Messina to hasten their departure and to inrich them with many indulgences being to fight against the enemies of the holy Church Then after a solemne procession they
sea by the Spaniards comming with other ships compassed her in round and id so batter her with musket shot as she was forced to yeeld hauing endured this last charge aboue an houre and being shot through in diuers places she beganne to sinke visibly There were aboue three hundred men slaine in her the rest were taken Philip Strossy was found sore wounded with a musket shot aboue the knee which made him fall who being drawne out of the presse Death of Philip Strossy to carry him into the galleon Saint Martin as they past with him from one vessell to an other an insolent souldier thrust his sword into his belly and in this Estate he was laied before the Marquis of Santa Cruz who made no account of him and seeming not to vnderstand them that said it was philip Strossy hee turned his head on the other side and made a signe that they should cast him into the sea yet breathing D. Francis of Portugal Earle of Vimioso who also fought valiantly with him died two daies after of his wouÌ„ds The Marquis seemed to lament his death for he was his kinsman This battaile continued aboue fiue houres betwixt two very vnequall parties for there were scarce ten French ships that fought by reason of the bad intelligence and disobedience that was among them as it happens often amongst a multitude of men which are either voluntaries or not experienced of the which this army did for the most part consist who were fauoured in their faults by their captaines whereas they should haue vsed seuerity especially at sea Before their comming out of France they had falne into quarrels and mutynies which were with some difficulty pacified most of the other French ships were idle spectators of the battaile Some at the first charge went to sea bending their course towards the Island of the Tecera's where they refused them the port as treacherous runne-awaies and if any one came neere vnto the enemy it was but to discharge their canon farre off which is held by good sea men to be idle and vnproffitable Thus the French army retired hauing lost their Commanders with about 2000. men and eight of their best ships in the conflict 〈◊〉 of the dead in the battaile in the which the Spaniards said they had not aboue 200. slaine and about 500. hurt wherein they flattred themselues strangely for in the Galleon Saint Mathew alone there were aboue 600. soldiers and maâ—riners who by their owne confession were reduced to 70. when as Strossy was opprest by the Marquis and the rest that came The Spanish fleet remained master at sea neither cared to pursue them that fled both for that night approched as also thinking that he had done ynough He was kept foure daies at sea by reason of the winde which did rise and could not get to the Island of Saint Michel where he afterwards landed his men to refresh them and to cure them that were hurt There D. Aluaro de Baçan Marquis of Santa Cruz did an act which was held barbarous discouering the pride and insolency of certaine Natures which cannot be pacified and which neuer take delight in their victories vnlesse they be seasoned with some new cruelties Crueltâ— of the Marquis of Santa Cruz to the French committed after the fact in cold bloud for the first day of August the army being landed Francis of Bouadilla hauing caused a great scaffold to be set vp in the market place of Villa Franca in the Island of Saint Michel he caused all the French prisoners to the number of 300. to be brought thether by foure companies of souldiers where he caused a sentence to be pronounced That whereas there being a peace betwixt the Catholike King and the most Christian they had presumed to come out of France in fauor of D. Antonio sometimes Prior of Crato in form of an army with an intent to spoile the King of Spaines ships comming from the Indies and seize vpon his Islands where they had already taken great booties he therefore declared them common enemies to the commerce and publike quiet and fauorers of his Maiesties rebels and that as pirats and theeues he condemned them to die commanding the Iudge of the army to cause that sentence to be put in execution vpon all those that exceeded the age of 17. yeeres for so the seruice of God and of the two King required The age of these prisoners which were exempted from death to vse them in the gallies was iudged after that they were carried backe to prison by their beards so as many which had little or no beards saued their liues hauing secretly pulled the haire off their chins There were found among those that were condemned foure score gentlemen who lost their heads or rather had their throats cut for want of a good hangman and the rest both soldiers and marriners were hanged within two foot of the ground This inhumaine and bloudy slaughter was detested by the Spanish souldiers and by many of their captaines saying that it did blemish the honour of armes and that they did wrong to those prisoners to terme them theeues beeing apparent that they were not come to that voiage for D. Antonio Spanish souldieâ—s detest the cruelty of the Marquis of Santa Cruz. but to doe seruice to the French Queene by reason of the pretensions she had to the realme of Portugal and that they should make them faire war hauing behaued themselues like valiant souldiers wherevpon they made many requests vnto the Generall seeking to diuert him from that cruel resolution but he was immouable After this vnworthy fact howsoeuer they may colour it the Marquis staied some daies about those IslaÌ„ds to receiue the IndiaÌ„ ships if any came so as he saued two which might haue somewhat repaired D. Antonios losse if they had falne into his hands whom he put in some feare and all them that were with him at Angra in the Island of Tercere that he would land there for he past and repast twise or thrice in view of the city but he had an other deseigne for seeing the season approch when as the seas grow high he gaue order for the gard of the Island of Saint Michel where he left Augustin Iâ—ygues with 2000. Spaniards and then sailed towards Lisbone The defeat of D. Antonios army and the death of Philip Strossy did much trouble the French King and the Queene-mother after which he could not procure any great means to anoy the King of Spaine Some of the ships of that fleet making hast to recouer the Ports of France their captaines were reproched with base cowardise and some of them were put in prison being charged to haue beene corrupted by the King of Spaine or his Agents before they parted from France and to haue failed of their duties in the day of battaile They had prepared for D. Antonio hauing newes of the comming of this army a stately entry in the city of Angra whether he came
not onely for Peres but also for their liberties that made them to stirre they went and intreated Giles de Meza to bee their head who hauing taken vpon him this charge with those men he had and such as came scattering vnto him hee charged the horsemen and the rest of the Gouernours souldiers whom he presently put to flight who were also set vpon by two hundred children armed according to their ages and strength and a poore naturall foole who played his part with stoanes Finally their fury was so great as they flew the Coche Moyles and burnt the Coches which should haue carried Peres and his companion into Castile they also set fire of the house whereas the Viceroy and other Noblemen had saued themselues There were slaine in this tumult the said Iohn Lewis Murano and Pedro Ieronimo of Baradix one of the chiefe Councellors of the towne This Combate happened for their liberties was done with such zeale and heate as a very old man would haue exposed sixe or seauen of his sonnes to sacrifice themselues for this cause commanding them to arme and rather to dye and a Gentlewoman of a good family sent her Nephew and onely heyre The furie being past by the death of fifty or sixtie persons and aboue a hundred and fifty hurt the people returned to the prison with an intent to haue Peres The Officers of the Inquisition seeing in what danger they were tooke off his fetters and by their Maisters commandement intreated him to goe out of prison fearing to be slaine there Peres demanded an Acte but for that by reason of the confusion hee could not haue it hee went forth to the great ioy and content of all the people who conducted him to the house of Don Diego of Eredia This done they went to retire Iohn Francisco Maiorini setting all the other prisoners at liberty The same night Peres went out of Saragoça with Giles de Meza remaining three dayes vpon a Mountaine during the which hee vnderstood that the Gouernour caused him to be pursued wherevpon hee returned back into the towne where he lay hid forty dayes to vnderstand what would become of this businesse which was that they prepared an Armie in Castile to come towards Saragoça and yet the Viceroy gaue out a brute of an Accord which was but to vnderstand where Peres remained as appeared by the letters of an Inquisitor who had feed men to that end hoping by such a seruice to get an Archbishopricke By reason whereof Peres retired the day before that Don Alonso de Vergas entred with his Armie into Saragoça hiding himselfe among the rocks vntill in the end hee came to Sala where hee rested himselfe some dayes vntill that hearing of the new and intollerable Accord hee sent Gilles de Maza vnto the Lady Catherine Princesse of Nauarre Peres escape◠out of Arragon and comes to Paris the French Kings onely sister intreating her to receiue them vnder her protection and safegard And hauing certaine intelligence that they pursued him and sought him in all places hee went by night from Sala and came to Pao Action of Arragon where hee found Giles de Meza with an answer from the Princesse which was that hee might come boldly where hee should find all freedom going comming or staying with liberty of his religion yea shee sent some horses to fetch him vnto her Where beeing arriued and hauing saluted the Princesse she gaue him as good a reception as he could expect of such a Lady Perez beeing thus vnder the protection of this Princesse the greedinesse of the Spaniard to shed his bloud did hunt after his death offering new Accords to entertaine him neere vnto them vntill they might finde some meanes to effect their desseignes to which end they bargained with diuerse persons for his life Beeing at Pao there was a very good agreement offred him by Don Martin de la Nuca in the behalfe of the Viceroy of Don Alonso de Vergas and of the Inquisitors but he durst not trust them Many letters haue discouered the treasons and practises to murther Perez and the names of the vnder-takers among others of one Bastamantes his owne kinsman of another Arragonois furnished with poyson and letters from the Viceroy found about him who being discouered hee was condemned to dye but at the request of Perez the Princesse pardoned him then there was another of Nauarre hired to that end who discouered himselfe to Iohn Francisco Maiorini to whom in the King of Spaines name hee promised pardon and great rewards But going about to perswade him by his reasons that in executing the Kings will to murther or poyson Perez was no treason Iohn Francisco hauing discouered the ground of his speech hee reuealed him and the Nauarrois was banished They would also haue suborned a naturall Foole to murther him but he was wiser then they that sought to corrupt him All these practises and attempts were the cause that Perez retired into England considering that in France hee should neuer bee safe from such practisers against his life Notwithstanding that hee was comprehended in the letters of Pardon granted to them that had offended the King of Spaine which were afterwards dispersed throughout the world Wherevnto hee would not trust taking example by Don Bernardo de Cabrera the Kings Secretarie who seeing how hee was enuied retired from Court and became a Priest yet the King called him back againe beeing loth to loose such a seruant beeing returned their enuie increased and he was so violently pursued as Don Pedro of Arragon caused him to loose his head like a traytor and yet afterwards this Don Pedro dying hee declared him an Innocent and to haue beene faithfull saying that hee had been abused by his houshold seruants who hated Cabrera commanding that all his lands and goods should bee restored to his Nephew which had beene confiscated In the meane time the Innocent man was dead and had suffered wrongfully The like was seene at Brussells in the Councell of the troubles who put to death during their greatest executions a poore innocent man that was a prisoner who had neuer beene called heard nor examined so as some three or foure moneths after his death when they came to call him to bee examined they found that hee had beene executed without any arraignment or sentence giuen Wherewith some of the Councellors that were borne in the countrey beeing troubled in conscience the Councellor Vergas a Spaniard sayd vnto them Trouble not your selues it imports not if he bee dead an Innocent his soule is the more happy and his body is freed from all miseries But returning to that which followed in the towne of Saragoça after the departure of Perez The King of Spaine to bee reuenged for this tumult gathered an armie together vpon the frontiers of Castile giuing it out that it was to bee sent into France to succour the League of the which Don Alonso de Vergas was Generall who hearing that Perez was
the royall galley of Naples and to be brought to Seuile in the galley of D. Pedro de Toledo the Generall there to be more safely kept But afterwards to take all knowledge from the world hee caused him to be shut vp in the castle of S. Lucar Gallerien put in the Castle of S. Lucar The Portugals hope that hee shall come forth in despight of all his enemies and fulfill all the prophecies that are made of him and recouer possession of his realmes It is in the power of the king of Spaine but it is not likely that hee will seeke to verifie the qualitie of this person by any other meanes for if hee causeth him to bee declared an impostor and to be punished the Portugals who had procured him to maintaine himselfe to be their king Policie of the Counsel of Spaine might hereafter suborne another to the same end whereas so long as they shall beleeue this man is aliue they will not attempt any thing infauour of another and this man beeing detained perpetually in prison or in the galleys shall daily feele the paines of death without dying And if he were duely proued to be such as he qualifies himselfe reason and equitie would require that he should bee restored to the iust and lawfull possession of his Estates which is the fairest rose of the Spaniards girland and the rarest pearle of his cabinet Whatsoeuer hee bee Donatus and Delphinus Procurators of Saint Marc at Venice beeing sent to congratulate the French kings victories and his mariage they were demanded by the Prince of Conde what iudgement the seigniorie of Venice made of him who called himselfe king of Portugall to whom they made no other answer but that the State had done what it might in his cause and that he had beene ill counselled and conducted This yeare the Queene of England was much troubled with her rebels in Ireland by reason of the aide and support they receiued from Spaine Spaniards sent into Ireland the king sending D. Iohn d' Aguilar vnto them with aboue two thousand old souldiers in sixe ships they came to Castel-hauen Baltemoore and Beer-hauen all three important places here they landed their men with an intent to fortifie them beeing then about the end of September Sir Richard Leuison who was Admiral of some of the Queens ships lying then in the hauen of Kinsale hearing of the Spaniards comming into the aboue named ports he drew forth his ships both against wind and weather went fought with the Spaniards within Castel-hauen where he did so batter them as he made 5 of their 6 shippes vnseruiceable most of their men were landed before he came by reason of the weather who played dangerously vpon him with their ordnance from the land whereof they were wel furnished with great store of munition Presently after D. Iohn d' Aguilar put himselfe into Kinsale with most of his Spaniards where he fortified himselfe whither in October after Kinsale besieged 〈◊〉 the Spaniards in it the Lord Montioy Lord Deputie of Ireland and Generall of her Maiesties forces in that kingdome came with an armie to besiege him the which continued long in a very vnseasonable time and was in shew very dangerous for the English for they within the towne were for the most part old souldiers well armed and in no want as was supposed and without the rebels were all in armes and had drawne their forces together which were the greatest that euer had bin seene together in Ireland being sixe thousand foot whereof there were sixe companies of the new arriued Spaniards and fiue hundred horse and began to march towards Kinsale with an assured hope to releeue the towne raise the siege and defeat the English if they of the towne did sallie forth when as Tâ—rone and Odonell should giue charge vnto the campe they had great reason to hope for good successe for the English were scarce so many in number all in a manner tyred with the miseries of a long winters siege their horses weake and decaied and likely to want victuals Notwithstanding continuing their approaches still towards the towne as if they regarded not the rebels on the twentieth of December at night the Lord Deputie had intelligence that Tyrone and the rebels would campe the next night within a mile and a halfe of them with all their forces and so on the 21 day at night he shewed himselfe with most of his horse and foot vpon the toppe of a hill within a mile of the English campe I must craue pardon if I make a relation of this battell and the ouerthrowe of the rebels armie in this historie of Spaine Reasen why this is inserted into the history both for that they were then relieued by the king of Spaine with money men and munition and supported in their rebellion and also for that the yeelding vp of Kinsale by the Spaniards depended wholly vpon this action Tyrone shewing himselfe as I said before and seeing two regiments of foot with some horse drawne out of the campe and marching towards him he retired to the other side of the hill where he camped that night beeing fortified both with woods and water One the three and twentieth day the Lord Deputie was aduertised Letters from D. Iohn de Aguilar to the L. Deputie and had also intercepted letters written from D. Iohn d' Aguilar Generall of the Spaniards and commaunder within the towne by which he did presse and importune Tyrone to make an attempt vpon the English campe intimating his wants and likelihood to be soone forced putting the rebels in mind of their faithfull promises to succour him and of the easinesse of the enterprise and vndoubted successe assuring them that the English were much decayed in numbers and that those which remained were much weakened with that long winters siege so as it was not possible they should be able to maintaine so much ground as they had taken when their strength was full if they on the one side and he on the other charged them at one instant which he for his part promised to doe whensoeuer they should giue the attempt It seemeth that vpon this aduice they resolued to put it in execution that night or the next following In the meane time they gaue the English continuall alarmes and made sallies from the towne keeping them still in action that they might be the lesse able to make resistance when they were charged But the Lord Deputie prouided for all inconueniences making forts barricadoes and trenches and fortifying all the approaches to the towne keeping good gards and his armie ready vpon all occasions On the 23 day at night hee was assured that the next day the rebels would charge his campe whereupon he commanded the whole armie to be in readinesse Tyrone had an intent early in the morning to put all his Spaniards into the towne with eight hundred of his best Irish vnder Tyrrell but seeing at the breake
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour