Atarne Zena rais'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt abdicates his Kingdom and flyes to Aethiopia 499 Chap. 10. Philip takes Olynthus and other Cities in the Hellespont The Athenians jealous of Philip and instigated by Demosthenes Philip's Policies The value of the Riches taken out of the Temple at Delphos Dionysius sent presents to Delphos and were taken by the Athenians His Letter to the Athenians The Temple burnt The end of the Phocian War The Punishments decreed by the Amphâ—tyons against the Phocians The Miseries of the Sacrilegers Timoleon sent to Syracuse 502 Chap. 11. Timoleons Expedition into Sicily The Carthaginians Army in Sicily Dionysius returns to Syracuse is beaten by Hircelas Hircelas gains Syracuse Timoleon's escape from Rhegium Timoleon routs Hircelas and gains Syracuse Philip invades the Illyrians Dionysius expell'd Timoleon makes good Laws Philip invades Thrace 508 Chap. 12. The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Preparations of the Carthaginians against Timoleon The remarkable Siege of Perinthus by Philip. Pexodorus expells his Brother Adam from the Principality in Cana. Byzantium suddenly besieg'd by Philip. 510 Chap. 13. The Athenians aid Byzantium Philip raises his Siege The Carthaginians transport Forces into Sicily The remarkable Victory of Timoleon over the Carthaginians The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Works of Hiero in Sicily 512 Chap. 14. Elata taken by Philip great Consternation in Athens for fear of Philip. The Boetians join with the Athenians through the Solicitation of Demosthenes Python a famous Orator The Battel at Cheronea between Philip and the Athenians Lycides the Athenian General put to death Philip rebuk'd by Demades made General of Greece Timoleon dyes 515 Chap. 15. Philip consults the Oracle at Delphos Philip Marries his Daughter Cleopatra to the King of Epirus Encourag'd to the Persian War by Neoptolemus his Verses Philip's Pride His Murder The Cause of it and how it was done and by whom 517 BOOK XVII Chap 1. COnspiracies of the Cities against Alexander The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander to beg Pardon He 's made General by the Amphictyons Attalus kill'd by Alexander's Command The Wickedness of of Bagoas Darius commended Raises Forces A Description of Mount Ida. Alexander invades the Illyrians and others Thebes besieg'd by Alexander and raz'd The Miseries of Thebes Prodigies Alexander demands Demosthenes and others to be deliver'd up to him by the Athenians their Answer He returns into Macedonia and Feasts his Soldiers 521 Chap. 2. Alexander lands his Army in Asia The Battel at Granicum The Forces of the Persians and of Alexander Alexander kills Spithrodates near being kill'd by Rosaces Miletus besieg'd and taken Ada Queen of Caria meets Alexander Halicarnassus Besieg'd Taken and Sack'd The strange Act of the Macedonians 528 Chap. 3. Mytelene taken by Memnon Darius his General his Successes He dyes Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The Memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble carriage towards them Darius his Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army 533 Chap. 4. Alexander marches towards Aegypt Besieges Tyre Prodigies at Tyre The Tyrians bind Apollo with golden chains The Inventions of the Tyrians to defend themselves The advancement of Ballomynus a poor Man to be King of Tyre The Acts of Agis and Amyntas Amyntas kill'd and all his Soldiers Alexander takes Gaza by Storm presented by the Grecians 538 Chap. 5 Alexander makes a Journey to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon He 's presented by the Cyreneans The Description of the place about the Temple The wonderful Properties of the Fountain Solis The Building of Alexandria Alexander's Answer to Darius his Ambassadors Alexander passes over the River Tygris with great Hazard The Preparations on both sides for Battel The Persians routed at that famous Battel at Arbela 542 Chap. 6. The Grecians conspire to Revolt Memnon rebels in Thrace Antipater marches against him The Lacedemonians raise an Army are routed by Antipater and Agis their King kill'd 547 Chap. 7. Alexander comes to Babylon The wealth found there Views his Troops at Sitacana Enters Susa The Riches there Thence goes in the Country of the Uxians Marches towards Persepolis A Company of maim'd Greeks met Alexander His Bounty to them He takes Persepolis gives it up to the Plunder of the Soldiers The Riches of the Citadel of Persepolis Alexander his Feast at Persepolis Persepolis burnt at the Instigation of Thais Darius murder'd 548 Chap. 8. Bessus stirs up the Bactrians Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries with Rewards The River Stidoetes He enters Hircania Its Richness Enters the Mardis Country Loses his brave Horse but is restor'd Thalestris the Amazon Queen meets him He falls into the Effeminacy of the Persians Enters Drangina A Plot against Alexander Philotas and others put to Death Marches against the Arimispi Subdues Arachosia 552 Chap. 9. Alexander marches against the Paromisades His troublesom March. Comes to Mount Caucasus A Battel in Area by Alexander's Officers against Satibarzanes who is kill'd in a single Combat by Erigyus Bessus brought to Alexander his Punishment Alexander kills some Barbarians unexpectedly after they had surrender'd their City He marches to the River Indus Mophis his remarkable delivery up of himself and his Army 556 Chap 10. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venom Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sopithes The Custom of them under Sopithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicaea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalasians In Danger in the River Indus by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Mastanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the Main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savages of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at High-Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd 561 Chap. 11. Alexander mixes Twenty thousand Persian Darters with his Army-Marches from Susa Bagistames breeds abundance of Horses Hephestion dies at Ecbatana The Lamian War He invades the Cosscans Marches towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers disswade him from coming thither He enters Babylon 569 Chap. 12. Ambassadors come to Alexander from all Parts He buries Hephestion with great State The Prodigies before Alexander's Death His Death Darius his Mother starves her self 570 BOOK XVIII Chap. 1. QUarrels about a Successor to Alexander Aridaus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books
clear himself of all those Crimes and Miscarriages that were laid to his charge However he was afterwards kill'd by Hecateus according to the King's Command upon which the Macedonian Army in Asia laid aside all Thoughts of a Defection for that Attalus was now gone and Parmenio greatly lov'd Alexander But being we are now about to write of the Kingdom of Persia it 's necessary that we begin our Relation a little higher Lately in the Reign of Philip * Darius Ochus Ochus poison'd by Bagoas Ochus rul'd over the Persians hated by all for his Ill Nature and Cruelty towards his Subjects Bagoas therefore a Colonel in the Army and an Eunuch but a wicked and beastly Fellow poison'd the King by the help of his Physician and plac'd the King's youngest Son Arses upon the Throne He likewise murder'd the New King's Brothers who were yet very young that being thus bereft of his Relations he might be more observant to himself But the Young Man abhorring the Wickedness of this Wretch and plainly by many Tokens discovering his Design to punish him Bagoas smelling it out murther'd Arses and Arses murder'd by Bagoas all his Children in the Third Year of his Reign The Royal Family being thus extinct and none of that Race left who could make any Title to the Crown he advanc'd one of his Friends call'd Darius to the Kingdom He Ant. Ch. 333. was the Son of Arsanus the Brother of Artaxerxes King of Persia But the Fate of Bagoas was very remarkable for having habituated himself to Cruelty he resolv'd likewise to poison Darius in a medicinal Potion But this Treason being discover'd the King sent Bagoas justly punish'd by Darius friendly to speak with him and when he came deliver'd to him the Cup and forc'd him to drink it off And indeed Darius was judg'd worthy to enjoy the Kingdom being look'd upon as the most Valiant Man among the Persians For heretofore when Artaxerxes was engag'd in a Battel against the Cadusians one of the Enemy of a strong Body and couragious Spirit challeng'd any of the Persians there present to a single Combat which when none would dare to undertake this Darius enter'd the List and kill'd the Cadusian For which he was highly rewarded by the King and gain'd the chiefest Reputation for Valour among the Persians And for this reason also he was accounted worthy of the Crown of Persia and began to Reign about the same time that Philip dy'd and Alexander succeeded in the Kingdom The Valour therefore of Alexander meeting with such a Man as this for his Adversary to cope with was the occasion so many Battels were fought for the Empire with that Resolution as they were But these Matters will appear more clear hereafter when things come to be distinctly and particularly related For the present we shall return to the Ant. Ch. 333. orderly course of the History * Darius Codomannus conquer'd by Alexander Darius being advanc'd to the Throne of Persia a little before the Death of Philip he was contriving how to avert the War threatned and bring it over to Macedonia it self But when he was dead and so the King freed from that Fear he slighted and despis'd the Youth of Alexander But being for his Valour and Activeness of Spirit in dispatch of Business at length created General of all Greece the Fame and Valour of the Young Man was * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in every Man's mouth And Darius now began to look about him and employ'd his chief Care to raise Forces and fitted out a great Fleet and made choice of the best Officers he could procure to Command his Army which was now very great and numerous among whom Memnon the Rhodian was one a Brave man both for Valour and Discipline Him the King Commanded to march to * Cyzicus an Island in the Propontis and a City there Cyzicus with Five thousand men and to endeavour to take in that City Who in order thereto march'd his Army over the Mountain Ida. Some fabulously report that this Mountain was so call'd from Ida of Meliseus It is the highest Mountain of any about the Hellespont In the middle is a Cave as if it A Description of Mount Ida. were made of purpose to entertain the Gods in which it is reported That * This was Paris the Son of Pâ—iam called Alexander who decided the Controversy between Juno Minerva and Venus by giving the Golden Apple to Venus as the fairest Paus l. 5. c. 19. Alexander gave Judgment concerning the Goddesses Here it 's said the * The Sons of Minerva and Apollo Idei Dactyli were born who were the first that were taught to work in Iron †Cybele by the Mother of the Gods A thing also very Wonderful and Remarkable is ascrib'd to this Place For at the rising of the * In August Dog-Star there is such a Serenity and Calmness of the Air upon the Top of the Mount as if it were there above all Storms and Winds and then even at Midnight the Sun seems to rise so as that its Rays appear not in a Circular Form but casts abroad Flames of Fire here and there at a great distance so that it seems as if Flakes of Fire in several Places overspread the Earth which within a little while after are contracted into one Body till they come to the quantity of Three * Three hundred Foot Plethras At length when the Day is at hand there appears as it were the compleat Body of the Sun inlightning the Air as it uses to do at other times But to proceed Memnon having pass'd over this Mountain assaults Cyzicum on a sudden Ant. Ch. 333. Memnon and was very near surprizing of it But failing in his Design he harrass'd the Country and return'd loaden with a rich Booty In the mean time Parmenio took Grynnius by Storm and sold all the Inhabitants for Parmenio takes Grynnius Slaves Then he besieg'd Pitane but Memnon approaching the Macedonians in a Fright quitted the Siege Afterwards Callas with a Body of Macedonians and other Mercenaries fought with the Persians in the Country of Troas and being overpower'd with Number was beaten and forc'd to retire to Rhetium And in this Condition was Asia at that time Alexander having quieted all the Commotions in Greece march'd with his Army into Thrace which struck such Terror into those People that had caus'd Tumults and Disorders there that he forc'd them to submit to his Government Then he invaded Peonia and * Now Dalmatia or Sclavonia Illyria and the People bordering upon them and having subdu'd those that had Revolted he likewise brought under his Dominion the Barbarians next adjoyning While he was engag'd in these Wars he receiv'd Intelligence that many of the Graecians were about to Revolt and that a considerable Number of the Greek Cities particularly Thebes had already actually rejected his Sovereignty He was hereupon in a great Rage
by Instruments hoist up and so let down into these Vaults In this Citadel were many stately Lodgings both for the King and his Soldiers of excellent Workmanship and Treasury Chambers most commodiously contriv'd for the laying up of Money Here Alexander made a sumptuous Feast for the Entertainment of his Friends in Commemoration Alexander Feasts at Persepolis of his Victory and offer'd magnificent Sacrifices to the Gods At this Feast were entertain'd Whores who prostituted their Bodies for Hire where the Cups went so high and the Reins so let loose to Drunkenness and Debauchery that many were both drunk and mad Among the rest at that time there was a Curtesan call'd Thais an Athenian that said Alexander would perform the most glorious Act of any that ever he did if while he was Feasting with them he would burn the Palace and so the Glory and Renown of Persia might be said to be brought to nothing in a moment by the Hands of Women This spreading abroad and coming to the Ears of the young Men who commonly make little use of Reason when Drink is in their Heads presently one crys Ant. Ch. 328. out Come on bring us Fire-brands and so incites the rest to Fire the Citadel to revenge that Impiety the Persians had committed in destroying the Temples of the Grecians At this others with joy set up a shout but said That so brave an Exploit belong'd only to Alexander to perform The King stirr'd up at these Words embrac'd the Motion upon which as many as were present left their Cups and leap'd from the Table and said That they would now celebrate a victorious Festival to Bacchus Hereupon multitudes of Firebrands were presently got together and all the Women that play'd on Musical Instruments which were at the Feast were call'd for and then the King with Songs Pipes and Flutes bravely led the way to this noble Expedition contriv'd and manag'd by this Whore Thais who next after the King threw the first Firebrand into the Palace This President was presently follow'd by the rest so that in a very short time the whole Fabrick by the Violence of the Fire was consum'd to Ashes Persepolis burnt It 's very observable and not without just admiration that the Sacrilege and Impiety of Xerxes King of Persia exercised in his destroying the Citadel of Athens should so many years after be reveng'd in the same kind by one Curtesan only of that City that was so injur'd After these things thus done Alexander marches against the rest of the Persian Cities and having taken in some by Force and others surrender'd upon the Fame and Report of his Lâ—nity and Moderation he made after Darius who had begun to raise Forces out Ant. Ch. 328. of Bactria and other Provinces but being prevented by the March of the Enemy he made away with all speed out of Bactria with Thirty thousand Persians and Mercenary Greeks and in his return was treacherously Murther'd by Bessus the Lord-Lieutenant of Bactria He was scarce dead when Alexander with a Party of Light Horse came up to Darius murder'd the Place where he lay and there finding him caus'd him to be honourably interr'd But some do report that Alexander finding him yet alive Darius complain'd of his sad Misfortune and desir'd him that he would see his Death reveng'd which Alexander faithfully promis'd He forthwith indeed pursu'd Bessus but he being a long way before him escap'd into Bactria so that considering it was not possible to overtake him he march'd back This was the State of Affairs in Asia In Europe the Lacedaemonians being routed in a great Battel by Antipater were forc'd to send Ambassadors to him who put them off till the meeting of the General Assembly of Greece which afterwards met at Corinth where after many things were Banded and Disputed on both sides the Matter was at length left to the Decision of Alexander Hereupon Antipater receiv'd the chiefest of the Nobility of Sparta as Hostages and the Lacedaemonians sent Ambassadors into Asia to beg Pardon for their late Revolt CHAP. VIII Bessus stirs up the Bactrians Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries with Rewards The River Stiboetes He enters Hircania Its Richness Enters the Mardis Country Loses his brave Horse but is restor'd Thalestris the Amazon Queen meets him He falls into the Effeminacy of the Persians Enters Drangina A Plot against Alexander Philotas and others put to Death Marches against the Arimispi Subdues Arachosia WHen this Year ended Cephisophon executed the Office of Chief Magistrate at Olymp p. 112. 4. Ant. Ch. 327. An. M. 3621. Athens and Caius Valerius and Marcus Claudius were created Roman Consuls At that time Bessus with Naâ—arzanes and Barxaentes and many others after the Death of Darius having escap'd the hands of Alexander came into Bactria And in regard he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of this Country by Darius and upon that account was Bessus stirs up the Bactrians 〈◊〉 is own'd as King well known by the Inhabitants he persuaded the People to stand up for their Liberty and told them That the Situation and Condition of their Country was such being full of difficult Passes and very Populous that they had an extraordinary advantage to succeed in the Attempt and promised that he himself would take upon him the whole Management of the War Hereupon he so far prevail'd that he got a considerable Number to join with him and to own him for King Then he Listed Men prepar'd Arms and procur'd whatever was necessary for the present State of his Affairs In the mean time Alexander perceiving that the Macedonians had a design to end the War with the Death of Darius and to return to their own Country he call'd them together and so courted them by an Oration fitted for the purpose that he prevail'd with them readily to go on with the Expeditions that then yet remain'd Then he call'd together all the Greek Auxiliaries and having highly commended them for their Valour bestow'd upon every Horseman as a Reward a Talent and every Footman Ten * Ten Minas 31 l. 5 s. Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries and rewards them Ant. Ch. 327. Minas and discharg'd them from further Service in the Army And over and besides he paid to every one of them what was due to them for their common Pay and gave them likewise sufficient Provision to carry them into their own Country and to every one that was willing still to continue in the Army he gave Three Talents He gave indeed large Rewards to the Soldiers being naturally of a generous Disposition and besides in pursuing Darius had possess'd himself of a vast Treasure For he had receiv'd Eight thousand Talents out of the Treasures and besides what he gave to the Soldiers he rais'd Thirteen thousand Talents by sale of the Cups Flaggons and Furniture And it was believ'd that what was stollen and taken away by force was much more Having done this he march'd with his
Death was anointing himself and his Royal Robes and Crown that while laid upon the Throne the Fetters of one of the Natural Inhabitants that was then in Chains fell off and unloos'd of their own accord and the Person not being discern'd by any of the Watch pass'd through the Court-Gates without any Opposition and made streight to the Throne and put on the Royal Robes and Crown upon his Head and sate upon the Throne without any disturbance Which Fact being nois'd abroad the King was amaz'd at the strangeness of the Thing and went to the place and without any Rebuke calmly ask'd the Man Who he was and who advis'd him to do so Who plainly and simply answer'd He knew nothing at all This strange Accident was referr'd to the Consideration of the Augurs by whose Advice the poor Wretch was put to death that the Evil portended if any were might fall upon his own Head The King having now got his Robes again sacrific'd to the Gods his Protectors But however he continu'd much disturb'd and perplex'd in his Mind and then began to reflect upon what the Caldeans had foretold and fretted against those Philosophers that persuaded him to enter into Babylon but admir'd the Art and profound Wisdom of the Ant. Ch. 322. Caldeans To conclude he curst those who by subtil Arguments had disputed against the Necessity of Fate Not long after God shew'd another Prodigy concerning the Change of the Kingdom The King had a desire to see the * This he had newly made Haven at Babylon and being come there they went on board with some of his Nobles that attended him and while they were sailing the King's Ship was separated from the rest and tossed to and fro for several Days together so as that he wholly despair'd of his Life and being at length carry'd through a narrow Creek where Bushes and Trees grew thick upon both sides his Turbant or Diadem by one of the Boughs was pluck'd off from his Head and hurl'd into the Water which one of the Mariners spying swam to it and for the better securing of it clapt it upon his own Head and swam back to the Ship After he had wander'd up and down three Days and three Nights he return'd at length safe with his Diadem to his Friends and again consulted the Soothsayers concerning this Prodigy who advis'd him immediately with all diligence to offer splendid Sacrifices to the Gods But at the time of these Sacrifices he was invited by one Medius a Thessalian one of his Friends to a Banquet where when he was in his Cups and even drunk with Wine he quaft off the Great Bowl call'd Hercules his Cup Whereupon as if he had been struck with a Thunder-bolt he fetch'd a deep Sigh and was then presently led out by his Ant. Ch. 322. Nobles and so left the place Those who had him in their Charge forthwith laid him upon his Bed and there diligently attended him His Distemper increasing his Physicians were call'd in but they were not able to administer any thing for his Relief At length his Sickness was so violent and his Pains so great that he himself despair'd of Life and in that Condition drew off his Ring from his Finger and deliver'd it to Perdiccas His Commanders then ask'd him To whom Sir do you leave the Kingdom He answer'd To the most Deserving And when he utter'd his last Words he told them That the Chiefest of his Friends and Commanders would solemnize his Funeral when he was gone with Blood and Contention And thus died Alexander when he had reign'd Twelve Years and Seven Months having perform'd such Mighty Acts as no King ever did before him Alexander's Death nor any since to this day But because some Writers differ as to the Cause and Manner of his Death affirming that he was poison'd by a deadly Potion given him it 's necessary to relate what they have reported concerning this matter They say that Antipater whom Alexander had made his Viceroy in Europe fell out with Olympias the King's Mother of which at first no great matter was made because the King would not hear any of the Accusations against him But afterwards the Quarrels and Heart-burnings growing higher and higher the King out of his Piety and Awe to the Gods conceiv'd it his Duty to gratifie his Mother whereupon he gave many apparent Signs and Tokens of the Alienation of his Affections from Antipater And as further Fuel to the Flame the putting to death Parmenio and Philotas Ant. Ch. 322. did not a little terrifie and afright the Nobility And therefore it 's said he order'd his Son who was Alexander's Cupbearer to put Poison into his Wine But because he was a Man of great Power in Europe after the Death of Alexander and that Cassander his Son succeeded him in the Kingdom many Historians durst not say any thing in their Writings of Poison However it 's very apparent that Cassander was a great Enemy to the Concerns of Alexander For he suffer'd the Body of Olympias after she was murder'd to lie with Disdain unbury'd and he made it his great Business to re-edifie Thebes which Alexander had raz'd to the Ground When the King was dead Sisigambris the Mother of Darius with abundance of Tears bewail'd the Death of Alexander and her own desolate Condition upon that account insomuch as to the last Minute she would neither eat nor see the Light and so the Fifth Day after died of Hunger in extream Sorrow but with as much Glory and Reputation Having now brought down our History to the Death of Alexander as we design'd in the Beginning of this we shall proceed to give an Account of the Acts of his Successors in the following Books BOOK XVIII PYthagoras the Samian and some others of the ancient Natural Philosophers PREFACE held that the Souls of Men were immortal and that to foretell future Events at the very point of Death when the Soul is even parting with the Body is the Effect and Consequent of this Truth To which Homer witnesses when he brings in Hector when he was even breathing his last telling Achilles that he should die within a very short time afterwards The same is attested of many others of later Times and confirm'd especially by the Death of Alexander the Macedonian who dying at Babylon and being ask'd by his Commanders and those about him at the time he was giving up his last Breath Who should succeed him he answer'd The most Worthy * Or The Best For I foresee says he that great and grievous Quarrels amongst my Friends will be the Sacrifices to me after my Funeral Which hapend accordingly for the Chiefest of his Commanders fell together by the Ears about the Principality and great Wars after the Death of Alexander broke forth amongst them Whose Actions are contain'd in this Book which will clearly evidence to the studious Reader the Truth of what is now said The former comprehended all
his Answer Page 303 Chap. 3. Diocles instituted Laws for Sicily Suffer'd by one of his own Laws Three hundred appointed to Govern in Athens Athenians beaten at Sea by the Lacedemonians at Oropus Alcibiades recall'd from Banishment 315 Chap. 4. The Government by Four hundred abrogated in Athens The Victory by the Athenians over the Lacedemonians at Sea between Sestus and Abydos The Persian Garrison driven out of Antandris by the help of the Lacedemonians Twenty two years of the Peloponnesian War ended Here Thucydides ends his History 317 Chap. 5. Commotions in Sicily Carthaginians invited thither by the Aegistines A Sea-Fight at Dardanum between the Athenians and Lacedemonians A Sedition in Corcyra The Sea-Fight at Cyzicum and at Cleros by Land wherein the Athenians were Victors 320 Chap. 6. The Spartans seek for Peace The Speech of Endius The Athenians refuse 325 Chap. 7. Hannibal the Carthaginian invades Sicily The miserable Destruction of Selinunte The Ruin likewise of Himera The Acts of Hermocrates in Sicily 326 Chap. 8. Thrasybulus assaults Ephesus The Lacedemonians besiege Pylus and surrendred Calcedon besieg'd by Theramenes and afterwards Byzantium which was betray'd to Alcibiades 331 Chap. 9 Theramenes and Alcibiades return to Athens are admir'd by the People Lysander made General by the Lacedemonians Antiochus one of the Athenian Generals beaten at Ephesus in a Sea-Fight Agis surprizes part of the Walls at Athens but was beaten off Alcibiades accus'd for assaulting Cuma a Confederate City Conon made Admiral in his Place 333 Chap. 10. Hermocrates kill'd at Syracuse attempting to surprize it 336 Chap. 11. The Acts of Callicrates the Lacedemonian General The Fight at Sea in the Harbour at Mitylene between Conon and Callicratides 337 Chap. 12. Therma built in Sicily by the Carthaginians They raise Forces to invade Italy They land in Sicily The noble Temple in Agrigentum The ancient Grandeur of that City The Riches of Gellias a Citizen there and some others Agrigentum besiege'd The Syracusians under Daphneus rout the Carthaginians near Agrigentum Imilcar seizes the Syracusian Fleet and takes all the Provision going to Agrigentum which was afterwards quit by the Inhabitants Their miserable Condition The Phalarian Bull. 339 Chap. 13. The Syracusian Officers accus'd Dionysius made General of the Syracusians He moves to have the Exiles recall'd He 's invested with the sole Command At length by several Artifices gains the Sovereignty 345 Chap. 14. The famous Battel of Argineuse at Sea wherein the Athenians were Victors The Officers accus'd for not burying the Dead The Speech of Diomedon The Death of Sophocles and Euripides 348 Chap. 15. Lysander made sole Admiral of the Lacedemonian Fleet He takes Caramium The Ruin of the Athenian Fleet at Aegos Potamos Athens taken by Lisander The end of the Peloponnesian War 352. Chap. 16. Agrigentum sack'd by Imilcar the Carthaginian The Carthaginians besiege Gela. Dionysius goes to the Aid of Gela. The Skirmishes before Gela. Camarina deserted by order of Dionysius The Soldiers enrag'd at Dionysius He hastens to Syracuse Imilcar makes Peace with Dionysius and returns to Carthage The end of the first Carthaginian War with Dionysius 354 BOOK XIV Chap. 1. A Peace between the Athenians and Lacedemonians The Athenians disagree about the manner of their Government The Government by 30 The Cruelty of the 30 Tyrants and especially towards Theramenes Page 358 Chap. 2. Dionysius his Project to strengthen himself in the Sovereignty of Sicily Syracusians revolt are dispersed 360 Chap. 3. Lacedemonians establish an Oligarchy in every City Dionysius disarms the Syracusians Alcibiades kill'd manner of his Death Clearchus his Tyranny in Bizantium the Battel at Porus by him against his Countrymen the Lacedemonians Lysander's Project to out the Heraclidae of the Sovereign Power 361 Chap. 4. Dionysius his Actions in Sicily The Oropians subdu'd by the Thebans The Lacedemonians quarrel with the Elians Dionysius fortifies the Epipodae 364 Chap. 5. The War between Cyrus and his Brother Artaxerxes King of Persia Cyrus Routed The Grecian Forces in Straits their brave Behaviour and long and troublesome March out of Persia into Greece 366 Chap. 6. Thrasybulus opposes the 30 Tyrants The cruelty of Psamnificus King of Aegypt towards his old friend Tamos that fled to him for succour from the Persians Darcyllidas sent General against the Persians into Asia Conon made Admiral of the Persian Fleet. 373 Chap. 7. The War between the Rhegians and Dionysius He prepares to make War upon the Carthaginians Most of the Cities submit to Dionysius He returns to the Siege of Motya Taken Forces sent from Carthage against Dionysius A Sea-fight between the Carthaginians and the Sicilians Syracuse besieg'd The Speech of Theodorus against Dionysius A greivous Plague in the Carthaginian Army A great Destruction of the Carthaginian Fleet in the Harbour of Syracuse The miserable Condition of Imilco in his own Country The Troubles of the Carthaginians 376 Chap. 8. Agesilaus made General against the Persians by the Lacedemonians goes to Ephesus They send to the King of Egypt for Assistance The Persians routed at Sipylus by Agesilaus Tissaphernes his head cut off in a Bath at Larissa The War between the Phoceans and Boetians 392 Chap. 9. The Confederate War by the Argives and others against the Lacedemonians The Battel at Aricas The fight at Nemea Pisander the Lacedemonian Admiral routed in a Sea-fight at Cnidus by the Persian Fleet commanded by Conon the Athenian The Corinthian War against the Lacedemonians and the great Sedition there 394 Chap. 10. The Quarrel between the Rhegians and Dionysius Mago the Carthaginian settles Affairs in Sicily Routed at Abacena by Dionysius Rhegium near surpriz'd by Dionysius The Acts of Iphicrates at Corinth Plias and Sicyon Amyntas lost his Kingdom of Macedonia but was restor'd The Romans take Veii Dedicate a Golden Cup to Apollo Their Ambassadors are taken by the Pyrats of the Lipari Islands but discharg'd by Timastheus 396 Chap. 11. The Acts of Thrasybulus the Athenian General The Carthaginians under Mago begin a new War in Sicily against Dionysius A Peace concluded Rodes falls off from the Athenians Evagoras becomes King of Salamis in Cyprus makes War against the Persians The Acts of Thimbro the Lacedemonian General in Asia 398 Chap. 12. Dionysius his Expedition against Rhegium The War between the Lucanians and Thurians in Italy The Thurians cut off by their own Rashness Leptines generously sav'd those that swam to his ships tho' he was a Friend to their Enemies Dionysius his second Expedition into Italy besieges Caulonia and routs Heloris Makes Peace with the Rhegians Razes Caulonia to the ground and transplants the Inhabitants to Syracuse Watches an occasion to be reveng'd on them of Rhegium Besieges it He sends rich Chariots to the Olympick Games His Poetry ridicul'd 401 Chap. 13. The Peace of Antalcidas The War by the Persians against Evagoras in Cyprus The miserable Condition of Rhegium Surrendred The cruel Usage of Philo the Governor of Rhegium and of his Son The
Expedition of the Galls against Italy The Romans routed by the Galls at the river Allia Rome taken by the Galls Romans besieg'd in the Capitol The Volsci revolt from the Romans The Galls routed by Marcus Furius in their Return All cut off afterwards in the Plains of Trausium 404 BOOK XV. Chap. 1. THE Preface Artaxerxes Expedition against Evagoras in Cyprus The Actions there at Sea and Land The Lacedemonians begin new Quarrels in Greece As first with Mantinea Dionysius gives himself to Poetry Peace concluded with Evagoras by Orontes the Persian General Terabazus brought to his Trial. Judgment upon corrupt Judges Terabazus acquitted 409 410 Chap. 2. Mantinea besieg'd by the Lacedemonians Dionysius aims to gain the Islands of the Adriatick Sea The Parii built Pharos Dionysius his Expedition into Hetruria Prepares for War against the Carthaginians The Sicilians routed at Cronion The Quarrel between the Clazomenians and them of Cuma about Leuca The War between Amyntas and the Olynthians The Lacedemonians seize the Citadel Cadmea at Thebes Eudamidas breaks into the Olynthians Country 414 Chap. 3. Polypidas sent General by the Lacedemonians against the Olynthians A great Plague in Carthage The Boetian War Cadmea retaken A Confederacy of the Cities against the Lacedemonians Cleombrotus attempts to surprize the Pyreum at Athens The Athenians seize Actea in Eubaea Agesilaus enters Boetia The Sea-fight at Naxus 418 Chap. 4. The Treballians make Incursions into Thrace Chabrias the Athenian General assassinated The Thebans rout the Spartans at Orchomena Artaxerxes seeks to make Peace among the Grecians Peace concluded Thebans only disagreed The Commendation of Epaminondas Seditions in several Cities of Greece 423 Chap. 5. The Persians send an Army into Aegypt to reduce the Revolters Iphicrates a skilful Commander Sedition at Zacynthus Platea raz'd by the Thebans The Lacedemonians seize upon the Island Corcyra The Siege of Corcyra rais'd by the Athenians under Cresides Evagoras in Cyprus murther'd by an Eunuch Dreadful Earthquakes and Inundations in Peloponnesus A great Comet seen in Greece 425 Chap. 6. Artaxerxes sends again to make Peace among the Grecians All comply'd but the Thebans The Spartans raise an Army against the Thebans Epaminondas made the Theban General The famous Battel of Leuctra The terrible Seditions and Cruelites in Argos Jason of Pherae stirs up the Thessalians to gain the Soveraignty of Greece Polydore Prince of Pherea in Thessaly poyson'd by his Brother Alexander Plots to depose Alexander King of Macedonia treated with to that purpose 429 Chap. 7. The Lacedemonians send Politropus into Arcadia who is slain and his Party routed by Lycomedes An Invasion by Epaminondas and Pelopidas into Peloponnesus Sparta besieg'd The Antiquity and History of Messena in Greece Pallane taken by Arcadians A wall drawn between Cenchrea and Lechcum to hinder the Thebans inroad into Peloponnesus Epaminondas breaks through into Peloponnesus Assaults Corinth 434 Chap. 8. Dionysius sends Galls and Spaniards to the assistance of the Lacedemonians Pelopidas and Ismenias clapt up by Alexander Tyrant of Pherea The Boetians pursu'd by the Phereans brought off by Epaminondas then a private Soldier The Fight between the Arcadians and Lacedemonians Dionysius falls upon the Carthaginian Territories in Sicily Dionysius dyes The cause of his death The cruelty of Alexander the Pherean at Schotusa Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Coos peopled and Wall'd The end of the Laconick and Boetick War by the Mediation of the Persian King 438 Chap. 9. New Stirs in Greece The Battel between the Eleans and Arcadians near Lassion The Quarrel between the Pisate and them of Elis about the Olympick Games A Fight at the Time and Place of the Games The Thebans prepare a Fleet in order to gain the Dominion at Sea Rhodes Chios and Byzantium brought in to the Thebans by Epaminondas The Thebans make War upon Orchomenon The Reason Orchomenon raz'd The Thessalians War with Alexander the Pherean Pelopidas kill'd His Praises 441 Chap. 10. The War between the Tegeans and Mantineans Boetians side with the Tegeans Epaminondas made General The Battel at Mantinca where Epaminondas was kill'd but the Lacedemonians routed The Commendation of Epaminondas 443 Chap. 11. A Defection from the Persians in Asia Tachos King of Aegypt declares War against the Persians The War between Tachos and his Son Nectabanus The death of Artaxerxes Mnemon Agesilaus routs the Aegyptians that pursu'd him and restores Tachos to his Kingdom Stirs again in Greece after the Battel of Mantinea between the Megalopolitans and the neighbouring Towns Peparethos besieg'd by Alexander of Pherea He routs Leostenes at Sea Charietes the Athenian Admiral his Villanies 473 BOOK XVI Chap. 1. PHilip an Hostage at Thebes makes his Escape beats the Athenians after makes Peace with them subdues the Peons and routs the Illyrians and makes Peace with them 477 Chap. 2. The Actions of Dionysius the younger in Sicily and other parts Dion's Flight to Corinth and his Return to Sicily Andromachus peoples Tauromenum The Civil Wars in Eubea The Social War between the Athenians and other Nations Philip takes Amphipolis and other Cities His Policies to gain the Olynthians and other Places in Greece 479 Chap. 3. Dion's March and Entring into Syracuse Dionysius comes to the Island part of Syracuse Assaults the Wall erected from Sea to Sea is beaten by Dion Alexander of Pherea murdered by his Wife and his two Brothers Philip relieves the Thessalonians from the two Brothers 481 Chap. 4. The first rise of the Brutii in Italy Dionysius his Admiral invades the Leontines A Fight at Sea between Heraclides and Philistus Admirals one of Dionysius the other of Dion A Faction in Syracuse Dion leaves the Syracusians Their sad Condition Reliev'd by Dion 484 Chap. 5. A Continuance of the Social War Iphicrates and Timotheus join'd Admirals with Chrates by the Athenians Iphicrates and Timotheus accus'd by Chrates and fin'd and remov'd Chrates joins with Pharnabasus and routs the Persians The end of the Social War Philip subdues the Confederates 487 Chap. 6. The Beginning of the Sacred War or Phocian War Philomelus seizes the Temple at Delphos after he had routed the Locrians How the Oracle at Delphos was first discover'd and the beginning of the Tripode The Athenians and others join with Philomelus 488 Chap. 7. The Battel at Phoedra between Philomelus and the Locrians The Parties ingag'd in the Phocian War The Battel between the Beotians and Phocians Philomelus kill'd Onomarchus made General His Dream Successes and Death 490 Chap 8. Phayllus continues the Phocian War Aryca raz'd Phayllus dyes of a Consumption War between the Lacedemonians and Megapolitans Chaeronea taken by Phalecus War between the Persians Aegyptians and Phenicians Salamis in Cyprus besieg'd The cruelty of Artaxerxes Ochus towards the Sidonians The Calamity of Sidon 494 Chap. 9. Evagoras beheaded in Cyprus Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt and gains all Aegypt by the Policy of Mentor Lost many of his Men at the Lake Sorbonis Mentor advanc'd Mentor's Stratagem to subdue Hemias Prince of
by the Romans Polemon sent by Antigonus into Greece to set the Cities at liberty The Acts of Antigonus and Cassander Polemon's Acts in Greece for Antigonus Ptolemy goes against Cyrene and Cyprus then against Demetrius The Battel with Demetrius at Gaza Ptolemy takes Tyre The Acts of Antigonus his Commanders in Greece The Epirots make Alcetas King who is beaten by Lysiscus Cassander's General and he 's beaten again by the other Cassander goes against the Apolloniats Seleucus recovers Babylon with a small Army Demetrius routs Cilles Ptolemy's General Ptolemy returns to Egypt first wasts Samaria Gaza Joppa c. Athaneus sent against the Nabatheans by Antigonus The Customs of the Arabians Athaneus kill'd and most of his Men. Demetrius sent against them Description of the Asphaltes or Lake of Sodom Demetrius sent against Seleucus in Babylon The Wars between the Romans and Samnites in Italy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily 641 Chap. 7. Cassander Ptolemy and Lysimachus make Peace with Antigonus Cassander murders Rhoxana and her Son The Governors take the Stile of Kings upon them The Carthaginians raise Forces against Agathocles Four thousand Geloans murder'd by Agathocles The Battel between Agathocles and Amilcar the Carthaginian at Himera Agathocles routed Several Cities revolt from Agathocles 654 BOOK XX. Chap. 1. AGathocles designs to invade Africa His Cruelty Pursu'd in his Voyage An Eclipse of the Sun very great Lands in Africa Burns his Ships His Successes in Africa Hanno and Bomilcar made Generals in Africa Battel between them and Agathocles who routs them Kills Hanno His Stratagem by Owls The cruel Superstition of the Carthaginians in sacrificing their Children The Actions at Syracuse Actions of Agathocles in Africa The Acts of Cassander in Macedonia Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules Alexander's Son The miserable Destruction of Nichocles and his Family in Cyprus The Wars of Parysidas his Sons King of the Cimerean Bosphorus The Valour of Satyrus one of his Sons His Death The sad Death of Eumelus another Son Page 658 Chap. 2. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander's Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The things done in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles Son kills Lysiscus He and his Son in great Danger by the Army Affairs of Italy The Works of Appius Claudius The Appian way Ptolemy comes to Corinth His Acts there Cleopatra Alexander's Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamia's Cruelty and Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse Most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy 668 Chap. 3. Demetrius frees all the Grecian Cities takes the Pireum at Athens Demetrius Phalerius flies to Ptolemy Honours given to Demetrius in Athens He sails to Cyprus His Acts there Besieges Salamis His great Engines Ptolemy sails to Cyprus Sea-Fight between Ptolemy and Demetrius wherein Ptolemy is routed Antigonus takes the Title of King and the like several other Captains Agathocles his Acts at Utica in Africk Ty'd Prisoners to a great Engine The sorts of People in Africa Xenodocus routed in Sicily by Agathocles his Captains Agathocles his Acts in Sicily What was done by Archagathus in Africa Mascala inhabited by some Greeks that came from Troy Apes their Custom among the Pithecusae The Carthaginians draw out Thirty thousand Men out of Carthage Misfortunes to Agathocles his Captains in Africa The Army block'd up and almost starv'd Agathocles beats the Carthaginians at Sea near Syracuse His Captain Leptines Harrasses the Agrigentines Agathocles Feasts the Syracusians His jocund Temper His Cruelty Routed in Africa Carthaginian Camp burnt The Misfortune afterwards to both Armies by one Cause Agathocles in Chains by his own Men. Steals out of Africa The Soldiers kill his two Sons They make Peace with the Carthaginians Agathocles his exceeding Cruelty at Aegista and afterwards at Syracuse 676 Chap. 4. Antigonus his March into Aegypt A Tempest near Raphia where he lost some of his Ships He returns into Syria Dinocrates prevails in Sicily Agathocles is willing to resign his Government but Dinocrates stands off What was done in Italy Antigonus his War with the Rhodians Rhodes besieg'd by Demetrius Agathocles routs Dinocrates his great Army with a few Men. His Cruelty to those that submitted upon Terms where he But chers Seven thousand Dinocrates in favour with Agathocles and betrays all the Confederates What was done in Italy 688 Chap. 5. The Siege of Rhodes continu'd The Acts of the Sea-Captains of the Rhodians Peace made with the Rhodians The Acts of Agathocles in the Lipari Islands The Acts of Demetrius in Greece The War between the Tarentines and Lucanians The Acts of Cleonymus the Spartan Cassander sends to Antigonus to make Peace who refuses Lysimachus joins with Cassander and so does Ptolemy and Seleucus against Antigonus He marches against Lysimachus Demetrius's further Acts in Greece The Armies of Cassander and Demetrius Demetrius leaves Greece and goes with his Army to his Father in Asia after Peace made with Cassander The Misfortunes of Pleistarchus at Sea Ptolemy besieges Sidon but returns to Aegypt upon a false Report Seleucus marches from Babylon with a great Army Page 695 THE PREFACE ALL Mankind are under a great Obligation of Gratitude to those that have written Universal Histories forasmuch as there has been an honourable Contest amongst them by their Labours and Pains to be helpful to others in the due Conduct and Management of the common Affairs and Concerns of this present Life For whereas they usher in a sort of wholsom Instruction without any hazard to the Person so they thereby also procure to their Readers Art and Skill in Politicks above the ordinary Rate with great Ease and Security For Knowledge gain'd by Experience though it brings a Man to an Aptness to be quick in discerning what is most advisable in every particular case yet such Knowledge is attended with many Toyls and Hazards And thus he that was Ulysses the most experienc'd Man among the Heroes view'd many Cities and came well to understand and prie into the Minds and Tempers of Men yet it was with many Troubles and Misfortunes But Knowledge of what was well or ill done by others gain'd by History carries along with it Instructions freed from those Misfortunes that others have before experienc'd Besides these Historians have us'd their utmost Diligence to reduce all Men in their Consideration of them who are united and related one to another in the same common Nature and Original though far distant each from other as to Place and Time under one and the same Head and common Order as if they were Servants herein to the Divine Providence For as Providence having marshall'd the Stars visible to us in a most
Turns of Messina The Thebans having dispatch'd all these things in the space of Eighty five Days leaving a strong Garrison for the defence of Messina return'd to their own Country And the Lacedemonians having now unexpectedly rid themselves of the Enemy sent some of the greatest men of their City to Athens and upon a Treaty concerning the Principality it was agreed that the Athenians should be Masters at Sea and the Lacedemonians have the chief Command at Land But afterwards both Cities executed the Sovereignty in Common About the same time the Arcadians Created Lycomedes General and sent him away Pallene taken by Sterm by the Arcadians with five thousand strong and lusty young Men to Besiege Pallene in Laconia who took it by Storm and put above Three hundred Lacedemonians there in Garrison to the Sword And having plunder'd the City and wasted and spoil'd the Country return'd home before the Lacedemonians could send them any Relief The Beotians likewise being desir'd by the Thessalians to Free them from the Tyranny of Alexander the Pherean then but feeble and almost broken sent Pelopidas with a Pelopidas sent into Thessaly strong Army into Thessaly with Orders to Manage affairs there to the advantage of the Beotians When he came to Larissa he possessed himself of the Castle then Garrison'd by Alexander thence he March'd into Macedonia and made a League with King Alexander and receiv'd Philip his Brother as an Hostage and sent him to Thebes And having perfected whatever he thought might be for the Service of the Beotians he return'd into his own Country Things standing thus the Arcadians Argives and Eleans unanimously agreed to make Several Countrys Confederate against Sparta P. 493. War upon the Lacedaemonians and to that end to send Ambassadors to the Beotians to persuade them to join with them in the War They accordingly Consented and sent forth an Army of Seven thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse under the Command of Epaminondas and the other Beotarchs The Athenians hearing of the preparations of the Beotians against Peloponnesus sent an Army against them under the Command of Ant. Ch. 367. Chabrias their General who when he arriv'd at Corinth rais'd Men out of Megera Pellene and Corinth and made up an Army of Ten thousand Men who being join'd with the Lacedaemonians and other Confederates at Corinth their whole Forces were no less than Twenty thousand They made it first their Business to guard all the Passages and to do all they could to prevent the Beotians from breaking into Peloponnesus To this The narrow Pass of Peloponnesus between two Seas Lechaeum lying on the West and Cenchrea on the East end they drew a Wall with a deep Trench from * Cenchrea to * Lechaeum to block up the entrance that Way The thing was done with that quickness and expedition through multitude of Hands and diligence of those Employ'd that the Place was Fortifi'd before the Beotians could reach thither As soon as Epaminondas came up to the Place upon diligent view of the Fortification he discern'd that that part kept by the Lacedaemonians was the Weakest and therefore did all he could to draw them out to a fair Field Battle tho' they were almost three times his Number But when he saw they would not stir but kept themselves within their Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Fortifications and Trenches he made a fierce Assault upon them Storming them in every Part But the Action was Hottest and Sharpest on both sides where the Lacedemonians were Posted for there the place was of easiest Entrance and most difficult to be kept But Epaminondas having with him the flower of Thebes with much ado beat off the Lacedaemonians and so clearing the Way broke in with his Forces and laid the passage plainly open into Peloponnesus which was an Action nothing Inferior to any he had done before Hereupon he forthwith March'd to Trezene and Epidaurus and Wasted Ant. Ch. 367. and Harrass'd the Country round about but could not take the Cities being very strongly Garrison'd but Sicyon * Pheâ— in Elis. Pheunte and some others submitted to him Then he March'd with his Army against Corinth And having routed the Townsmen in an Encounter he pursu'd them to the very Walls Where some of the Beotians puffed up with their good Success Rashly broke through the Gates into the City upon which the Corinthians in a great Fright shut themselves up in their Houses But Chabrias the Athenian General both Cordially and Faithfully made Head against the Beotians and Drove some of them out of the City making a great slaughter of the rest In the heat of this Action the Beotians approach'd to Corinth with their whole Army in Battalia to the great Terror of the Inhabitants Upon which Chabrias with his Athenians forthwith made a Sally out of the City and having possessed himself of the Hills Adjoyning there bore the brunt of the Enemies Charge On the other side the Beotians encourag'd being strong of Body and of long experience in Feats of Arms doubted not but to Rout the Athenians But the Chabrians by the advantage of the higer Ground and continual Succours coming in to them out of the City so defended themselves that they Kill'd and grievously Gall'd their Assailants and beat them off So that the Beotians after the Loss of a great Number of their Men not being able to do any thing drew off their Forces But Chabrias having thus Baffl'd the Enemy for his Valour Faithfulness and Military Conduct was Cry'd up and greatly Admir'd CHAP. VIII Dionysius sends Gauls and Spaniards to the assistance of the Lacedemonians Pelopidas and Istmenias clapt up by Alexander Tyrant of Pherea The Boeotians pursu'd by the Phereans brought off by Epaminondas then a private Soldier The Fight between the Arcadians and Lacedemonians Dionysius falls upon the Carthaginian Territories in Sicily Dionysius dyes The cause of his death The cruelty of Alexander the Pherean at Scotusa Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Coos Peopled and Wall'd The end of the Laconick and Beotick War by the Mediation of the Persian King ABout this time arriv'd at Corinth Two thousand Gauls and Spaniards sent by Dionysius the Tyrant to the Lacedemonians from Sicily who had Five Months Pay advance Olymp. 102. 4. Ant. Ch. 366. The Grecians to try their Valour drew them out against the Enemy who so far approv'd themselves stout and valiant Men as that they routed and kill'd many of the Beotians and their Confederates And after they had been very useful in the War and purchas'd Aids arriv'd at Corinth from Dionysius to themselves Praise and Esteem both for their Courage and Service and had been rewarded according to their Merits by the Lacedemonians they were sent back into Sicily at the end of the Summer After these things Philiscus Ambassador from Artaxerxes King of Persia came into Greece P. 494. Artaxerxes sends again to compose Matters in Greece but in
prodigie perplex'd many for there were some of the Soothsayers who declar'd that by this Marching out of the Army the Sun of the City should be Ecclips'd meaning nothing else but the death of Pelopidas However Pelopidas nothing mov'd with what was said but led on by his inevitable destiny March'd forward When he came into Thessaly he found that Alexander with above Twenty thousand Men had possess'd himself of the higer Grounds Upon this he Encamp'd in the Face of the Enemy and being afterwards join'd with the Thessalians he Fought the Phereans But Alexander prevailing by the advantage of the Ground Pelopidas desiring to Ant. Ch. 362. put an end to the dispute by his own personal Valour Charges up to Alexander himself who with those select Bands that were about him valiantly stood his Ground upon which the Battle grew very hot in which Pelopidas acting the part both of a good Soldier and skilful Commander cover'd the Place with the Bodies of his Enemies At length he put the Enemy to flight and gain'd the Victory but he himself through many Wounds he had receiv'd fell down Dead and so Heroically ended his Days And now Alexander being Conquer'd in another Battle and thereby having all his Forces broken in pieces he was forc'd upon Terms of Peace to restore to the Thessalians all the Towns he had before taken And to deliver Magnetes and Phithiodis Cities of Achaia Alexander beaten makes Peace and restores the Cities to the Beotians and be their Confederates and for the future to be content only with Pherea However tho' the Thebans gain'd a glorious Victory yet they declar'd every where that they were Conquer'd because of the death of Pelopidas For they lookt upon the Victory not to Compensate the loss of so brave a Man For he had often done many great and worthy Services for the advantage of his Country and much enlarg'd the Bounds and Territories of the Theban Commonwealth As in freeing the City by the Exiles when they recover'd the Citadel of Cadmea all generally ascrib'd that noble The brave Acts of Pelopidas Action to Pelopidas which was the chief cause of all the advantages and happy success that hapned to the Thebans afterwards Then at the Fight of Tegea Pelopidas was the only Man of the Boeotarchs that overcame the Lacedemonians the most potent People of all the Grecians Which was the first time the Thebans erected a Trophy for the greatness of the Victory over the Lacedemonians Afterwards at the Battle at Leuctra he was Colonel of the sacred Band and was the first that broke in upon the Lacedemonians Ant. Ch. 364. and so became the immediate Author and Instrument of the Victory Besides in the Expeditions against the Lacedemonians being General of Seventy thousand Men he erected a Trophy for his Victory over them in the very Face of Sparta who never knew before what it meant to be Besieg'd Being sent Ambassador to the King of Persia to Negotiate the affair of the common Pacification he gain'd in that Treaty Messena for his own Country Which the Thebans rebuilt after it had lain desolate Three hundred Years And now at last in the Battle against Alexander notwithstanding he far exceeded him in the number of his Forces he not only obtain'd a glorious Victory but became famous for his extraordinary Valour tho' with the loss of his Life And during these Wars he was in that reputation among the People that from the return of the Exiles to the time of his Death he was always one of the Boeotarchs Never none before being ever thought worthy of so great an honour In as much therefore as Pelopidas P. 500. was thus highly Esteem'd and gain'd the reputation of all for his Courage and Conduct its fit he should have his due Commendation from us likewise in this our History About the same time Clearchus of the City of Heraclea aspir'd to the Sovereignty of Pontus and prevailing in his Enterprize made it his whole business to imitate Dionysius the Tyrant and govern'd the Heracleans in great Splendor for the space of Twelve Years During these Affairs Timotheus the Athenian General having with him both Sea and Land Forces Besieg'd Torone and Potidea and took them by Storm and Rais'd the Siege of Cyzicum CHAP. X. The War between the Tegeans and Mantineans The Beotians side with the Tegeans Epaminondas made General The Battle of Mantinea where Epaminondas was kill'd but the Lacedemonians routed The commendation of Epaminondas AT the end of the Yea Chariclides was created Lord Chancelor of Athens and Olymp. 104. 2. Ant. Ch. 361. Lucius Aemilius Mamercus and Lucius Sextius Lateranus Roman Consuls At which time the Arcadians and Piseans by compact joining together celebrated the Olympian Games at Olympia and possess'd themselves both of the Temple and all the Riches that were there And because the Mantineans carry'd away and converted to prophane uses many of the Dedicated things these Sacrilegious Persons made it their business to promote and carry on the War against the Eleans lest if Peace were made they should be call'd to account for their ill gotten Goods And therefore when the rest of the Arcadians War between the Tegeans and Mantineans would have compromiz'd Matters they stirr'd up Sedition against their own Countrymen Being therefore divided into Two Factions one headed by the Tegeans the other by the Mantineans the Feud grew to that height that at last they came to decide the Controversie by force of Arms and they of Tegea sent an Ambassador to the Beotians to desire their assistance Whereupon the Beotians without delay made Epaminondas General and sent him with a strong Army to the aid of the Tegeans But the Mantineans being terrify'd with the Beotian Army and the Great Name of Epaminondas The Thebans join with the Tegeans under Epaminondas sent their Ambassadors to the Capital Enemies of the Beotians the Athenians and Lacedemonians to sollicite them to join with the Mantineans in the War Great Forces therefore being rais'd on both sides many great Battles were fought in Peloponnesus And the Lacedemonians as soon as they could broke into Arcadia lying next to them About Lacedemonians join with the Mantineans the same time Epaminondas was marching forward with his Army and being come near to Mantinea he heard that the Lacedemonians with all their Forces were wasting and spoiling the Territories of Tegea Conceiving therefore that Sparta was left naked he undertook a weighty Affair but Fortune favour'd not his Enterprize For he march'd with his Army in the night against Sparta But Agis King of Lacedemon suspecting the Craft and Subtilty of Epaminondas prudently conjectur'd what possibly might be design'd therefore to prevent Epaminondas he dispatch'd away some Cretian Couriers to Sparta to acquaint them that the Boectians were just then upon their march in order to surprize the The design of Epaminondas to surprize Sparta prevented City and that he himself would
Aegypt had prepar'd all things necessary for the War But he P. 506. Tacho's Forces in Aegypt Agesilaus sent to Aid the King of Aegypt Chabrias Tacho's Admiral had a Fleet of Two hundred Sail Ten thousand Grecian Mercenaries and Fourscore thousand Aegyptian Foot He gave the Command of the Ten thousand Mercenaries to Agesilaus who was sent from the Lacedemonians with a Thousand Men to the Aid of the Aegyptians because he was counted the best Soldier of any among them and had the repute of a most expert Commander Chabrias was made Admiral of the Fleet who was not sent there by publick Authority but upon the persuasion of Tachos serv'd him as a private Man The King reserv'd to himself the Generalship of all the Army But Agesilaus would have persuaded him to continue in Aegypt and to manage the War by his Lieutenants but he would not hearken to it tho he advis'd him to the best For when the Army was far distant from Aegypt and now encamp'd in Phenicia the Governour of Aegypt whom he had deputed in his absence revolted and sent to Nectanabus the * Or rather his Brother or Sisters Son Ant. Ch. 360. Tacho submits to the King of Persia The death of Artaxerxes Mnemon Ant. Ch. 360. King's Son to take upon him the Kingdom of Aegypt which kindled Nectanabus the King of Aegypts Son Rebels the Sparks which afterward broke forth into a most cruel and bloody War For Nectanabus being made General of the Aegyptian Forces and before sent out of Phenicia to take in some Cities in Syria being privy and consenting to the Treason against his Father drew the Commanders of the Army by large Gifts and the Soldiers by as large promises to join with him in the War Aegypt therefore being now possessed by the Rebels Tachos was so terrifi'd at the thing that he fled through Arabia to the King of Persia and beg'd his pardon for what he had done whom Artaxerxes not only forgave but made him General of the Army he had rais'd against the Egyptians Not long after the King of Persia dy'd having Reign'd Three and fourty Years Ochus succeeded him and govern'd Three and twenty Years and took upon him the sirname of Artaxerxes For Artaxerxes ruling the Kingdom with great Justice and Integrity and being an earnest promoter and lover of Peace and prosperous in all his Affairs the Persians decreed that all the succeeding Kings should be call'd by his Name And now Tacho the King of Egypt return'd to Agesilaus and presently Nectanabus led above Tacho returns to Agesilaus an Hundred thousand Men against his Father and dar'd him to try his Title to the Kingdom by the Sword When Agesilaus discern'd that the King was fearful not daring to Engage he heartned him up all he could and bid him be of good Courage for it was not Number but Valour that carry'd away the Victory But not being able to prevail he was forc'd to go back with him into a certain large City there to shelter himself where they were presently Besieg'd by the Egyptians who after the loss Ant. Ch. 360. Tacho and Agesilaus besieg'd of a great number of their Men in assaulting the Town drew a Trench and a Wall round the City which was suddenly finish'd by having many hands at Work At length when Provision fail'd Tacho gave up all for gone But Agesilaus encouraging the Soldiers telling 'em all would be well in the Night broke through the Enemies Guards and to admiration got off safe with all his Men But the Egyptians pursuing close at their Heels and being in an open Champion Country purpos'd by their great Numbers to inclose them round and so to Cut them off every Man But Agesilaus in the mean time having possess'd himself of a place secur'd on both sides by Water from the River convey'd through Sluces and Trenches made by Art waited there for the Enemy And having drawn up his Men in such Order as best suted with the Ground and being defended by the Arms of the River so as he could not be hem'd in he there fought with the Egyptians Whose numbers were of so little advantage Agesilaus routs the Aegyptians P. 570. Tacho restor'd Agesilaus's death to them in that Place and the Grecians Valour so far before them that Agesilaus made a great slaughter amongst 'em and put the rest to flight After which Tacho was easily and with little ado restor'd to his Kingdom And he rewarded Agesilaus the only Instrument of his Restauration by many honourable Gifts and so dismiss'd him who in his return Homewards fell Sick in Cyrene and there Dy'd His Body was made up with Honey and brought back to Sparta where he was royally Interr'd Hitherto things proceeded this Year in Asia But in Peloponnesus tho' after the Battle at Ant. Ch. 360. New troubles in Peloponnesus Mantinea a general Peace was made among the Arcadians yet they scarce observ'd the League for one Year but fell into new Broyls and Wars one with another It was one of the Articles of the League that every one should return from the Battle into their several Countries Therefore those neighbouring Cities that had been Translated and forc'd to Seat themselves in Megalopolis which then they bore very grievously now of their own accord return'd to their old Habitations But the other Megalopolitans endeavour'd to force them to leave their ancient Seats again Hence arose a great Contest they of the old Towns crav'd the Assistance of the Mantineans and the rest of the Arcadians and likewise of the Eleans and other Confederates of Mantinea On the other Hand they of Megalopolis address'd themselves to the Athenians for their Aid and Assistance who without delay order'd Three thousand heavy Arm'd Men and Three hundred Horse under the Command of Pammenes Whereupon he March'd to Megalopolis and afterwards by Storming some of the Towns and Terrifying others he forc'd them all at length to return to Megalopolis And thus were these Towns reduc'd into one City and the Tumult which came to this height appeas'd and compos'd Among the Historians of this time Athenas of Syracuse began his History of Dion with this Year compriz'd in Twenty three Books He continu'd likewise the History of Philistus seven Years further in one Book and handling matters summarily made it one intire and perfect History Afterwards when Nicophemus was chief Magistrate of Athens and Caius Sulpitius and Olymp. 1â—4 4. Ant. Ch. 359. Caius Licinius Executed the Consular Authority at Rome Alexander Tyrant of Pherea Mann'd forth several Privateers to the Cyclade Islands and having taken some of them by force carry'd away a great number of Captives Then he landed his Soldiers in * A Port of Achaia Alexander of Pherea routs the Athenian Fleet at Panormus Leosthenes Condemn'd to Death by the Athenians Peparethos and Besieg'd the * One of the Cyclade Islands now Lemene call'd Peparethos City But the Peparethians
Sacrifices and rejoicing and Men burnt Incense every one upon his own Altar thanking the Gods for what at present they enjoy'd and putting up Prayers for an happy Issue of Affairs for the time to come Then were heard many Shouts of Joy by the Women all over the City for their sudden and unexpected Happiness and the People rejoicing through all Corners of the Town There was then neither Freeman or Servant or any Stranger but all were earnest to see Dion who for his Valour and Courage was cry'd up by all above what was fitting for a Man Yet was it not altogether without some Reason the Change was so great and so unexpected For having liv'd Fifty Years as Slaves through so long a time they had almost forgotten what Liberty meant and now by the Valour of one Man they were on a sudden deliver'd from their Calamity About that time Dionysius staid at Caulonia in Italy but sent to Philistus his Admiral who was then with the Fleet about the Adriatick Coasts and commanded him to sail away streight for Syracuse And both of them speeding away to the same Place Dionysius came to Syracuse the seventh Day after the return of Dion And now thinking to put a Trick upon the Syracusians he sent Ambassadors to treat of Peace by whom he made use of Ant. Ch. 355. many Devices to persuade them that he would restore the Democracy if he might but have some remarkable Honours conferr'd upon him by the Government He desir'd therefore that Ambassadors might be sent to him with whom calling together a Senate he might put an end to the War The Syracusians having their Expectations rais'd to so high a Pitch sent some of the Chief of their Citizens to him as Ambassadors who had Guards presently put upon them and Dionysius one day after another put off their Audience In the mean time perceiving that the Syracusians in hopes of Peace neglected their Guards and were unprepar'd for an Encounter he opens the Gates of the * A Castle in a Place call'd the Part of Syracuse Acropolis in the Island and suddenly Sallies out with a strong well appointed Party The Syracusians had there drawn a Wall from Sea to Sea which the Dionysians terribly assaulted with a great Shout And having entred it with the Slaughter of many of the Guard they engag'd with the rest that came in to defend it Dion therefore being thus deluded against the Articles of the Truce comes down with a stout Party to oppose the Enemy engages them and makes a great Slaughter within a * Within a Stage small Compass of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ground For although the Fight was but a small distance from the Walls within the Town yet a vast Number of Men were got together within this little spot so that the stoutest Men on both sides were hotly Engag'd The large Promises egg'd on the Dionysians on one side and hopes of Liberty stirr'd up the Syracusians with a Resolution for Victory on the other The Obstinacy therefore on both sides being equal the Fight was a long time doubtful Many fell and as many were wounded receiving all their Wounds upon their Breasts For those that first led on courageously died to preserve those that follow'd those that were next cover'd the Heads of them that were tir'd out with their Shields and valiantly underwent all manner of Dangers and endur'd the Utmost that could befall them out of their Heat and Zeal to come off Conquerors But Dion resolving to do Ant. Ch. 355. something remarkable in this Engagement and that by his own Valour he might gain the Day broke violently into the thickest of his Enemies and laying about him Hero-like hew'd down multitudes and wholly broke in pieces the Body of the Mercenaries and was left alone standing in the midst of his Enemies Troops and though he was pelted with abundance of Darts receiv'd upon his Buckler and Helmet yet by the Strength and Goodness of his Arms he avoided the Danger but receiving a Wound upon his Right Arm through the Greatness and Extremity of the Pain he began to faint and was not far from falling into the Hands of the Enemy but that the Syracusians highly concern'd for the Preservation of their General charg'd in a full Body upon the Dionysians and rescuing Dion now almost spent put the Enemy to flight And the Citizens prevailing at another part of the Wall the Foreign Forces of the Tyrant were forced to fly into the Castle in the Island The Syracusians now having gain'd a glorious Victory and confirm'd their Liberty by Conquest set up a Trophy in defiance of the Tyrant who being thus beaten and now perceiving that all was lost and an End put to his Sovereignty fortify'd the Castle with a strong Garison then being permitted to carry off the dead Bodies of those that were slain to the number of Eight hundred he buried them honourably crowning them with Crowns of Gold and richly clothing them in Purple Robes By this extrarordinary Honour and Respect shewn to the Dead he hop'd to draw in others more readily and Chearfully to venture their Lives for the support of his Principality Then he bountifully rewarded them that had valiantly behav'd themselves in the late Engagement And sent some to the Syracusians to Treat upon Terms of Peace But Dion study'd excuses to delay Ant. Ch. 355. the Business And in the mean time finish'd the rest of the Wall without any interruption Thus having deceiv'd the Enemy with an Expectation of Peace as they had done him before he admitted the Ambassadors to Audience Upon which they making proposals for Peace Dion answer'd that there was only one way left for the obtaining of a Peace and that was for Dionysius to lay down his Government and be contented only with some Honours to be conferr'd upon him Which answer the Tyrant taking in disdain as Haughty and Peremptory he call'd a Council of War to consult with his Officers how he might be reveng'd of the Syracusians He abounded with all things except Corn and was likewise Master at Sea Therefore he infested the Country with Depredations and by Foraging for some time got Provisions but with great difficulty at length he sent forth Transport Ships and Money to buy Corn and other Provisions But the Syracusians tho' they had but few Gallies yet at fit Times and Places they surpriz'd the Merchants and a great Part of the Corn that they imported And thus stood the Affairs of Syracuse at this time But in Greece Alexander the Tyrant of Phaerea was murder'd by his Wife a Theban Alexander of Phaerea murder'd and his two Brothers Lycophrones and Tisiphonus They were at first in great repute for killing of the Tyrant but afterwards growing Ambitious and having hir'd many Foreign Soldiers they set up for themselves and put to death many that were averse from their Designs and having got together a strong Party they kept the Soverejgnty by
that the Name of the King was only chang'd but that the Government should not be manag'd a jot worse than it was when his Father was alive He courteously likewise gave Audience to the Ambassadors and desir'd the Grecians that they would have the same Kindness for him that they had for his Father which he so esteem'd as that he look'd upon it as part of his Inheritance Then he employ'd himself in the frequent Trainings of the Soldiers and in Martial Exercises and brought the Army readily to submit to his Commands Attalus the Uncle of Cleopatra Philip's other Wife conspir'd to gain the Kingdom and therefore he resolv'd to take him out of the way For Cleopatra was brought to bed of a Son a few Alexander â—n rives how to kill Attalus Days before the Death of Philip and Attalus was sent a little before as General with Parmenio his Colleague with an Army into Asia where by his Bribes and fair Tongue he so gain'd the Hearts of the Soldiers that the Army was wholly at his Devotion Therefore the King conceiv'd he had just cause to be jealous of him lest if he should side with the Grecians who he knew were his Enemies he should by that means gain the Kingdom to himself Therefore he made choice of Heccateus one of his Friends and sent him with a considerable Army into Asia with Command to bring over Attalus alive if Ant. Ch. 333. he could and if he could not effect that to take the first Opportunity to kill him When he came into Asia he join'd his Forces with Attalus and Parmenio and watch'd a fit Opportunity to execute what he was commanded In the mean time Alexander being inform'd that many of the Greciani were hatching some Mischief in order to new Commotions his Thoughts were greatly perplex'd and Conspiracies among the Grecians against Alexander disturb'd For the Athenians Demosthenes stirring them up against the Macedonians rejoyc'd at the News of Philip's Death and resolv'd that the Macedonians should no longer domineer over Greece To this end they sent over Ambassadors to Attalus and privately consulted with him concerning the Management of the whole Affair and stirr'd up many of the Cities to assert their Liberties The Etolians made a Decree to recall the Exiles of Acarnania whom Philip had driven out of their Country The Ambrociots by the Persuasion of Aristarchus drave outthe Garison that was there and restor'd the Democracy The Thebans likewise decreed to cast out the Garison that was in the Citadel of Cadmea and that Alexander should never with their Consent have Command in Greece The Arcadians Ant. Ch. 333. also as they were the only People that refus'd to give their Consent that Philip should be General of Greece so they now rejected Alexander The rest of the Peloponnesians as the Argives Eleans Lacedaemonians and some others were with all their might for their own Government To conclude many of the Nations beyond Macedonia waited for an Opportunity to rebell and great Commotions there were among the Barbarians in those Parts Notwithstanding all which and the Fears that were every where in the Kingdom and though he was but a Youth yet in a short time beyond all expectation he overcame all those Difficulties and made all plain and clear before him reducing some to their Duty by fair and smooth Words and others through fear and dread of Punishments and the rest he compell'd by force to stoop to his Sovereignty In the first place he so far gain'd upon the Thessalians both by Promises of large Rewards and by his smooth and courteous Language telling them how near of kin he was to them by his Descent from Hercules that they by a Publick Decree declar'd him General of Greece as that which descended to him from his Father Having gain'd this Point he brought over the bordering Nations to the same Good Opinion of him Then he went to Pyle and in the Senate of the Amphictyons he so manag'd his Matters that by the General Consent of all he was created Generalissimo of all Greece He assur'd the Ambrociots Alexander made General of Greece in a kind and smooth Oration made to them That he had that Kindness for them that he would presently restore them to that Liberty which they so lately sought to recover But to strike the greater Terror into those that regarded not his Words he came with a swift March with an Army of Macedonians in an hostile manner into Baeotia and encamping near Cadmea struck a Terror into the City of the Thebans About the same time the Athenians hearing of the King 's coming into Boeotia slighted Ant. Ch. 333. him no longer For the Quickness of the Youth and his diligent dispatch of Business greatly terrify'd the Revolters Hereupon the Athenians order'd every thing they had in the Country to be brought into the City and the Walls to be repair'd and guarded as well as they could and sent Ambassadors to Alexander to beg pardon that they had no The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander sooner own'd his Sovereignty and order'd Demosthenes to accompany the Ambassadors But he came not with the other to Alexander but return'd from Citherone to Athens either because he was afraid upon the account of the Speeches he had publickly made against the Macedonians or that he was not willing to displease the Persian King For it is reported that he had receiv'd great Sums of Money from the Persians to beat down the Interest of the Macedonians by his Orations Which was hinted they say by Eschines in one of his Speeches wherein he upbraids Demosthenes for taking of Bribes in these Words Now the King's Gold plentifully bears all his Charges But this will not serve his turn long for * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a debaucht Course Covetousness is never satisfy'd with Abundance But to proceed Alexander return'd a very courteous Answer to the Ambassadors which freed the Athenians from their Fears and he order'd all the Ambassadors and * Of the Amphictyons Members of the Council to meet him at Corinth where when those who were usually Members of the General Council were come the King by a gracious Speech so prevail'd with the Grecians that they created him General of all Greece and decreed him Aid and Assistance against the Persians in order to revenge the many Injuries the Greeks had receiv'd Ant. Ch. 333. from them Having gain'd the Honour he thus sought for he march'd back with his Army into Macedonia Having now given an Account of the Affairs of Greece we shall relate next what things were done in Asia For Attalus presently upon the death of Philip began to set up for himself and to that end made a League with the Athenians in order by their joint Concurrence to oppose Alexander But afterwards he chang'd his Mind and fent a Letter written to him by Demosthenes to Alexander and in many smooth and flattering Expressions endeavour'd to
themselves The Advancement of Ballominus a poor Man to be King of Tyre The Acts of Agis and Amyntas Amyntas kill'd and all his Soldiers Alexander takes Gaza by Storm Is presented by the Grecians NIceratus was Chief Governor of Athens and Marcus Atilius and Marcus Valerius were Consuls at Rome when the Hundred and Twelfth Olympiad was celebrated wherein Olymp. 112. 1. Ant. Ch. 330. An. M. 3618. Grylus of Chalcidon was Victor Alexander after the Battel of Issus caus'd both his own and those likewise of the Enemies that were of greatest Repute for Valour to be bury'd After he had sacrific'd and given Thanks to the Gods he bountifully rewarded all such as had valiantly behav'd themselves every one according to his Merit After which he gave liberty to his Soldiers for some days to recreate and refresh themselves Thence marching with his Army towards Egypt as he came into Phoenicia other Cities readily submitted to him and were receiv'd into his Protection But Tyre was the only City that obstinately deny'd him entrance when he desir'd it in order to Sacrifice to Hercules Tyrius at which Alexander Alexander demands entrance into Tyre was so enrag'd that he threatned to storm and take it by force of Arms. But the Tyrians resolv'd to stand it out because they thought thereby to ingratiate themselves with Darius and that for their Faithfulness and Loyalty to him they concluded he would bountifully reward them who by that means gain'd him more time to recruit his Army while Alexander was detain'd in a troublesome and dangerous Siege And besides they plac'd their Confidence in the Strength of the Island and their plentiful Provision of all Things necessary and in the Carthaginians from whom they were descended The King therefore though he foresaw that it would be a very difficult matter to carry on the Siege by reason of the Sea and that they were so well provided with all Things for the defence of the Walls and had a strong Navy and that the City was separated from the Continent so that nothing could be effectually put in execution Yet he judg'd Tyre but four Furlongs from the Continent Tyre besieg'd it more for his Honour to undergo all sorts of Hazards than for the Macedonians to be baffled with one City and that too not altogether so difficult to be gain'd He forthwith therefore demolish'd Old Tyre as it was then call'd and by the Stones carry'd by many Thousands of Men rais'd a Mole Two hundred Foot in breadth which by the Help of the Inhabitants of the Neighbouring Cities who were all call'd in for that purpose was presently dispatch'd The Tyrians in the mean time from their Ant. Ch. 330. Ships laugh'd and jeer'd at the King and ask'd him whether he suppos'd himself stronger than Neptune Afterwards when they perceiv'd beyond whatever they thought could be done that the Mole still increas'd and was in likelihood to be finish'd they decreed to transport their Wives Children and Old People to Carthage and those that were Young Men were kept some of them to guard the Walls and others for Sea-Service for they had a Fleet of Fourscore Sail. At length they sent away part of their Wives and Children in order to sail by the Enemy for Carthage but being prevented by the multitude of them that were at work and not in a fit posture to fight at Sea they were all forc'd to return and abide the Siege And tho' they were plentifully supply'd with Engines to shoot Arrows Darts and Stones and all other Machines and Instruments fit and necessary for the defence of the Walls against any Assault yet they readily furnish'd themselves as they had occasion with many more for that Tyre was full of Gun-smiths and Artificers of all sorts So that being supply'd by these Workmen with many new invented Engines every place round the Walls was fill'd with them especially towards that side where the Mole was rais'd And now the Work was brought by the Macedonians within the Cast of a Dart when presently a Prodigy from the Gods appear'd to them who were thus threatned for the working Prodigy of a Whale of the Sea cast a Whale of an incredible bigness to the side of the Mole and there it lay without doing any Harm but remain'd there a good while leaning one side of its Body to the Work which struck the Beholders with much Terror and Amazement After it was gone and return'd into the Sea both Parties went to their Divinations and each severally concluding as they would desire to have it made this Construction That by this Sign was portended that Neptune would aid and assist them There was another Prodigy likewise happen'd which greatly amaz'd the Common Prodigies at Tyre People For when the Macedonians were at Meat the Faces of those that broke the Bread seem'd to be all over bloudy and one of Tyre affirm'd that he saw a Vision by which Apollo told him that he would forsake the City And because the Common People suspected that he spoke this in favour of Alexander's Party the Young Men had ston'd him to death but that he was rescu'd by the Magistrates and fled into Hercules his Temple and so through his pious Supplication he escap'd so imminent a Danger Upon this the Tyrians to prevent Apollo's leaving the City fastned his Image to the The Tyrians fasten Apollo with Chains Pedestal with golden Chains But the Citizens being put into a great Fright through the increase of the Mole loaded many little Boats with Engines to shoot Arrows and Darts and with Slingers and Archers who setting upon them that were at work wounded and kill'd many of them For Showers of Arrows and Darts being discharg'd upon Throngs of naked Men none miss'd their Mark in regard all lay open and expos'd to every Shot without any defence for they were not only wounded with Darts before but through the narrowness of the Mole likewise gall'd at their Backs being not possible for any one to guard both sides at once Alexander therefore that he might repair the sudden and unexpected Loss with all the speed he could mann'd as many Ships as he had and went on board as Admiral himself and made it his Business to get into the Haven of Tyre in order to intercept the Phoenicians in their return Hereupon the Barbarians fearing if he gain'd the Haven he would take the City it self those who should defend it being now out made all the haste they could to return to the City And indeed both sides ply'd their Oars with all their might to prevent one another But the Macedonians just entring the Port before the other all the Phoenicians were every Man upon the point like to be cut off but forcing their way through their Enemies they return'd into the City with the loss of some of those Vessels that lagg'd behind However though the King mist of his Design yet he eagerly set to his Work again for the finishing of
likewise Purple Gowns upon his Friends and cloath'd all his Horsemen in the Persian Habit. He began likewise to carry his Concubines along with him from place to place as Darius us'd to do who had almost as many as the Days in the Year and were the greatest Beauties that could be found throughout all Asia These stood round the King's Bed every Night that he might take his choice of whom he pleas'd to lie with him However for the most part he follow'd the ancient Customs of his Ancestors and us'd the other but seldom lest he should offend the Macedonians and when some notwithstanding complain'd of the King he stopp'd their Mouths with Gifts and Bribes About this time Intelligence was brought him that Satibarzanes one of Darius his Lord Lieutenants had kill'd all the Soldiers he had committed to his Charge and was join'd in Conspiracy with Bessus to make War upon the Macedonians whereupon he march'd out against him Satibarzanes had got all his Forces together into Chrotacana a most Noble City in those Parts and naturally fortify'd but as soon as the King came in sight being terrify'd with the Greatness of the King's Army and the Valour of the Macedonians which was now cry'd up all the World over he hasted away with Two thousand Horse to Bessus to procure help from him with all speed The rest of his Forces he ordered to make to a Ant. Ch. 327. Mountain near at hand which was full of straight Passes and where they might lye close and secure when they durst not Engage with the Enemy in the open Field Upon this the King was so intent and diligent as he always was that though they had shelter'd themselves in a large Rock and naturally strong yet he reduc'd the Besieg'd to those streights as that he forc'd them to Surrender themselves Afterwards having reduc'd all the Cities in this Province in the space of Thirty days he left Hircania and came to the Royal City of * Drangina where he Encamp'd and refresh'd In the Province of Drangiana â—n Persia his Army About tâ—is time a most wicked Plot was laid against Alexander very unworthy the A Plot against Alexander Goodness of his Disposition For one of the King's Friends call'd Dimnus blaming the King for something he had done and thereupon become Enrag'd at him contriv'd to Assassinate him This Man had a Catamite call'd Nicomachus whom he dearly lov'd him he went about to persuade to join with him in this Wicked Design But being a very young Youth he discover'd the whole Business to his Brother Cebalinus who fearing lest some other should be before him in the Discovery resolv'd to make the first Discovery to the King Thereupon he goes to the Court and first meets Philotas and acquaints him with what he had heard and intreats him to inform the King what was hatching out of hand Philocas whether through Covetousness or that he was one of the Conspirators it 's not certain minded not to make the Discovery of what had been imparted to him For though he went in to the King and had a long Discourse with him of divers matters Ant. Ch 327. yet he told him nothing of what Cebalinus had related to him But when he came out told Cebalinus that he had not had as yet a fit Opportunity for opening of the Matter to the King but that the next Day he would take him aside by himself and discover all that Cebalinus had made known to him Philotas neglecting the Business the next Day also Cebalinus was afraid lest if it should be discover'd by some other Person and so he himself should be in great danger Therefore he wav'd Philotas and goes to one of the King's Pages and tells him the whole Plot wishing him forthwith to acquaint the King and then withdraws himself into the Armory and there lay private The Page took the Opportunity when the King was in the Bath and related to him the whole Matter told him by Cebalinus and that he then lay hid and secret in the Armory At this the King was greatly staâ—tled and forthwith order'd Dimnus to be seiz'd and now fully inform'd of the Conspiracy sent for Cebalinus and Philotas When every thing after strict Examination was fully discover'd Dimnus stabb'd himself Philotas confess'd his Neglect in not making the Discovery but utterly deny'd that he had any hand in the Conspiracy The King hereupon committed the Examination of the Business to the Judgment of the Macedonians who after many Arguments and Debates Pro and Con condemn'd Philotas and the rest of the Conspirators to die amongst whom was Parmenio who was ever thought to have been one of the King 's most faithful Friends And though he was not Ant. Ch. 327. then present himself yet it was suspected that he manag'd the Business by his Son Philotas Philotas therefore being put upon the Rack confess'd the whole Plot and so he and the other Conspirators were put to Death according to the manner of their Philotas put to Death own Country Alexander Lyncestes also who was before accus'd of a Conspiracy against the King suffer'd in the same manner He had been now three years in custody but his Trial was deferr'd to that time for the sake of Antigonus who had a great kindness for him and between whom there was a particular Friendship and Familiarity But being then brought before the Macedonian Senate and having nothing by way of Plea to say for himself he was Executed with the rest Then Alexander dispatch'd some away upon Dromadary Camels to prevent the Report of Philotas his Punishment and by that means caus'd Parmenio the Father of Philotas to be seiz'd unawares and put to Death he was then Governor of Media and was intrusted with the King's Treasures in Ecbatana which amounted to an Hundred and Fourscore thousand Talents About the same time he sever'd from the rest of his Army all such as had given out harsh Expressions against him and grumbl'd at the Death of Parmenio and all those who had written false and scandalous Letters to their Friends in Macedonia relating to the King's Affairs All these he cast into one Company or Regiment which he call'd the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Unruly Company lest by their unseasonable Jangling and Prating they should corrupt the rest of the Macedonians After these things thus done and that he had settl'd his Affairs in Drangina he march'd against the Arimaspi as they were anciently call'd but now * Benefactors Evergetae which Name was given them upon the following account Cyrus who was the first that translated the Empire from the Medes to the Persians in a certain Expedition he had undertaken being brought into great Extremity in a barren Country for want of Provision insomuch as the Ant Ch. 327. Soldiers to satisfy their Hunger were forc'd to eat the Flesh one of another the Arimispi at that time brought to his Army Thirty thousand Carts
and there away out of their Slings Here the History is broken off and lost viz. 1. Alexander's March through a dry Country 2. The Defection of the Sogdians Bactrians 3. The Hunting in Bahastis Peace being made upon these Conditions and ratify'd by mutual Oaths the * Queen of Massaca in India Queen mightily admir'd the Brave and Noble Spirit of Alexander and sent to him most rich Presents promising to do whatever he was pleas'd to Command Here the History is likewise lost 4. The Impiety against Bacchus 5. The Death of Clitus and Calisthenes 6. Wars with the Nauticae 7. His Marriage with Roxana 8. of Nysia These are wanting may be supply'd out of Archian Lib. 4. and Q. Curtius Lib. 7 8. Then the Mercenaries as they had agreed forthwith left the City and having march'd Eight hundred Furlongs Encamp'd without any Disturbance not in the least suspecting any thing of that which afterwards happen'd For Alexander hating them implacably pursu'd them with a considerable Body of Men and fell upon the Barbarians on the sudden Barbarians kill'd after surrender of their City and cut off Multitudes of them Upon which the Mercenaries first cry'd out that he had violated his Oath in falling upon them in that Hostile manner and call'd upon the Gods to revenge that Impious Cruelty executed upon them But the King with a loud Voice answer'd That he indeed did agree that they should quit the City but not Ant. Ch. 326. that they should ever be accounted as Friends to the Macedonians Hereupon the Barbarians not at all terrify'd with the desperate Condition they were in * These Mercenaries were the Massasenians Their stout Defence drew up in a Body in a round Ring placing their Wives Children and Women in the middle that they might receive the Enemy on every side with less Hazard and Prejudice Being therefore Desperate and of daring Spirits encourag'd by their Successes in former Conflicts they bravely receiv'd the Enemy The Macedonians on the other hand resolving to be in nothing inferior to them the Engagement was very sharp and terrible For fighting close hand to Hand Man to Man various kinds of Death and Wounds appear'd every where For the Macedonians by their * Sarissa a Macedonian Spear or Lanâ—â— Sarissas pierc'd through the short Shields of the Barbarians with that violence that the Points ran into their very Bodies The Mercenaries likewise on their part threw their Lances amongst the Thickest of their Enemies upon whom being so near they were sure not to fail in doing Execution When a great Number of them were wounded and as many kill'd the Women took up the Arms of those that were slain and join'd with the Men in the Engagement For the Desperateness of their Condition and the Greatness of the Work in hand forc'd them to the most resolute Resistance for the Defence of themselves Some of them therefore getting Arms defended their Husbands with Shields others that had no Arms rush'd in upon the Enemy and caught hold of their Bucklers so as they could scarce do any thing At length all the Men together Ant. Ch. 326. with their Wives who valiantly fought to the last being overpower'd by Multitude died upon the place preferring an honourable Death before a Life with Slavery and Disgrace The useless and unarm'd Rabble together with the Women that were left he gave to his Horsemen He took likewise several other Cities putting them to the Sword that oppos'd him * Here it falls in with the Index plac'd before the 17th Book in the Greek Edition of Rhodomanus Alexander at the Rock Aoâ—non Hence he mov'd forward to the Rock call'd Aornon for here those Inhabitants that surviv'd shelter'd themselves being a very strong Place It is reported that the ancient Hercules attempted the taking this Place but was forc'd to quit the Siege by reason of terrible Earthquakes and other Prodigies of the Gods that happen'd there at that time which coming to the Ears of Alexander it made him far more eager to assault the Place as if he glory'd to be the Gods Corival both in Might and Power The Rock was an hundred Furlongs round and sixteen high and seem'd to be even and steep and every where round At the foot of the Rock towards the South runs Indus the greatest River of India other Parts are inviron'd with unaccessible Rocks and dreadful Precipices Alexander upon view of the Place concluding that it was not possible for him to take it by force at that instant there came to him an Old Man with his two Sons who had a long time liv'd in those Places in a very poor and low Condition He had there a little Cell cut into the Rock wherein were three Beds He and his Sons lodging together in this place he was very well acquainted with all the Avenues and Passages round about When he came therefore to the King he told him his Condition and promis'd to lead the King through the Straits and craggy By-ways to such a Post where he might assault the Barbarians upon the Rock Hereupon Alexander promis'd him a large Reward made use of his Conduct and in the first place possess'd himself of the only Passage Ant. Ch. 326. that led up to the top of the Rock And because there was no other way to pass he so block'd up the Besieg'd that there was no Relief to be expected Then by the help of many hands he rais'd up a Mount from the bottom and foot of the Rock and advanc'd so close up to the Enemy that by that means he made a very sharp and vigorous Assault which continu'd without any interruption Night and Day for the space of seven Days and Nights At the beginning the Barbarians by advantage of the heighth of the Fort prevail'd and cut off many that too rashly forc'd in upon them But when the Battery was rais'd up to its due heighth and the Engines for shooting of Darts and other Warlike Instruments were brought up and that the Resolution of the King not to leave the Assault was discern'd the Besieg'd were in a great Consternation But Alexander wisely foreseeing what would be the Issue commanded the Guard that he had left at the Passage to withdraw that so the Enemy might have free liberty to be gone if they had a mind to it Upon which the Barbarians affrighted by the Valour of the Macedonians and the King 's brave Resolution in the Night left the Fort. The Indians being thus frighted with a Scarecrow the King gain'd the Rock without any considerable loss And then having rewarded his Guide march'd away with his Forces to other places About that time there was one Aphrices an Indian that lay in those parts with an Army Aphrices an Indian his Head brought to Alexander of Twenty thousand Men and Fifteen Elephants Him the Indians kill'd and brought his Head to Alexander and by that means gain'd his Favour He possess'd himself likewise
of all the Elephants in that Tract and receiv'd the Indians into his Protection Thence he mov'd to the River Indus where being furnish'd with some Ships of Thirty Oars a piece with them he made a Bridge over the River and continu'd in that place Ant. Ch. 326. for thirty days space to refresh his Army and there offer'd magnificent Sacrifices to the Gods After he had pass'd over his Forces there hapned something unusual and remarkable One Taxilis who formerly reign'd in that Country being lately dead his Son Mophis succeeded him this Mophis some time before had sent an Ambassador to Alexander when he was in Sogdiana to offer him his Assistance against the Indians that were then preparing to oppose him and likewise promis'd to deliver up his Kingdom into the King's hands When the King was Thirty Furlongs distant Mophis and his Friends march'd towards him with a well-appointed Army and Elephants adorn'd and fitted for Battel When Alexander saw so numerous an Army advance he believ'd the Indian had made a Cloak of his Promises to cover his Fraud by that means to surprize the Macedonians at unawares therefore he commanded the Trumpets to give the Sign of Battel and drew up his Army in Battalia and advanc'd towards the Indians But Mophis being inform'd of the sudden Commotion that was amongst the Macedonians easily judging what was the occasion commanded his Army to make an halt and he himself with a few in his Company posts away and presently undeceives the Macedonians by delivering up himself and his Army which was the Strength of the Kingdom into the Power of the King who was so well pleas'd with what the Barbarian had done that he restor'd him to his Kingdom and ever after found Taxiles for so he was call'd his constant and faithful Friend and Associate And these were the Transactions of this Year CHAP. X. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venem Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sophithes The Custom of them under Sophithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalassians In danger in the River Indas by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Massanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savageness of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at high Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd AT the time when Chremes was Lord Chancellor at Athens and Publius Cornelius and Olymp. 113. 2. Ant. Ch. 325. An. M. 3623. Aulus Posthumius executed the Consulship at Rome Alexander after he had refresh'd his Army in the Province of Taxilis march'd against Porus Prince of the Neighbouring Indians who had in his Army above Fifty thousand Foot Three thousand Horse above a Thousand Chariots and an Hundred and thirty Elephants and was confederated with another Neighbouring King call'd Embisarus not inferior in Power to Porus. Alexander's Battel with Porus. Alexander understanding that he was not above 400 Furlongs distant from Porus advanc'd with a Resolution to fight him before the other join'd him Porus perceiving him to approach drew up his Horse in two Wings His Elephants so accountred as to terrifie his Enemies he plac'd at equal distances one from another in the Front and lin'd them with his arm'd Men who were commanded to guard and defend them from Darts and Arrows in the Flank The whole Army drawn up thus in Battalia seem'd like a City For the Elephants stood like so many Towers and the Soldiers plac'd among them resembled the Walls Alexander on the other hand observing how his Enemies were drawn up so dispos'd and order'd his own Men as the present Circumstances of his Affairs then requir'd The Horse engag'd in the first place and thereupon almost all the Indians Chariots were presently broken in pieces Afterwards the Elephants being made use of by the mighty Bulk of their Bodies and their great Strength bore down and trod underfoot Ant. Ch. 325. many of the Macedonians others were catch'd up in their Trunks and toss'd into the Air and then fell down again with great violence upon the Earth and so miserably perish'd Many likewise were so rent and torn by their Teeth that they died forthwith However the Macedonians with invincible Courage indur'd all the Hardships wherewith they were press'd and with their * The Macedonian Pikes Sarissas kill'd the Soldiers that guarded the Elephants So that now they fought upon equal Terms and not long after the Beasts being ply'd with Darts on every side and not being able longer to endure the many Wounds they receiv'd their Riders were not able to rule them insomuch as they furiously rush'd backwards and broke in upon their own Regiments and trode many of them underfoot which caus'd great disturbance and consusion Upon which Porus mounted upon the Bravest Elephant seeing how things were like to be commanded Forty of those that were not as yet startled and affrighted to be plac'd round about him And with these he made so desperate and sierce a Charge that he made a sad Slaughter amongst the Macedonians especially being a Man of the strongest Body of all those that were with him for he was five Cubits high and in bulk proportionable so that his Breast-plate was twice as big as any of the rest of the most strongest Men amongst them and he threw a Dart with as great force as if it had been shot out of an Engine But this extraordinary Strength of Porus did not at all terrifie the Macedonians that were plac'd in the front against him Alexander therefore commanded the Archers and light-arm'd Men with all their Darts and Arrows to make at Porus himself who did as they were commanded So that such a multitude of Archers were got in one Body together and such Showers of Darts and Arrows pour'd out upon him that they could not possibly miss their Mark Porus overcome Porus at length having fought with great Valour and Resolution by multitude of Wounds lost so much Blood as that his Spirits fail'd him and he fell down from his Beast to the Ground Upon which it being presently spread abroad that the King was dead the rest of the Indians fled and thereupon a great Slaughter was made amongst ' em Thus Alexander having gain'd this glorious Victory at length commanded his Trumpets Ant. Ch. 325. to sound a Retreat But there were kill'd in this Battel above Twelve thousand Indians amongst whom were Two Sons of
place with dead Carcasses In the mean time while the King lay ill of his Wound the Grecians that were distributed into several Colonies throughout Bactria and Sogdiana having for a considerable Grecians in Bactria rebell time before grudg'd their Plantations amongst the Barbarians and now encourag'd upon the Report that Alexander was dead of his Wound rebell'd against the Macedonians and got together to the number of about Three thousand and endeavour'd with all their Might to return into their own Country but were every Man cut off after the Death of Alexander The King after he was recover'd of his Wound appointed a solemn Sacrifice to the Gods in order to give Thanks for his Recovery and sumptuously feasted all his Friends In his Feasting and Drinking there happen'd a Passage very remarkable and fit to be taken notice of Amongst other Friends there was one Coragus a Macedonian invited a strong body'd Man and one that had often behav'd himself with great Gallantry in several Encounters This Man in his Cups challeng'd one Dioxippus an Athenian to fight a Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus See Plin. Nat. Hist. l. 35. c. 11. Aelian Var. Hist. l. 10. c. 22. l. 12. c. 58. Ant. Ch. 325. Duel who was a Champion and had won many Noble Prizes and Victories The matter was push'd on forward by the Guests as is usual at such times Dioxippus accepted the Challenge and the King appointed the Day As soon as it was day many thousands of People slock'd together to see the Combat The King with his Macedonians favour'd Coragus the Grecians wish'd well to Dioxippus The Macedonian came into the List neatly accoutred glittering in his Arms. The Athenian presented himself stark naked all over anointed with Oil with a Cap upon his Head Their Persons were both so admirable for Strength of Body and Presence of Mind that it seem'd as if two of the Gods were to fight a Duel For the Macedonian for his Stature and Brightness of his Arms look'd like Mars Dioxippus besides his being the stronger Man in his carrying of a great Club and Activity in Feats of Arms resembled Hercules And now both advanc'd one towards another The Macedonian when he came near cast his Javelin at Dioxippus which he declin'd by a little motion of his Body Then Coragus presently made at him with his Macedonian * Pike Sarissa which the other advancing forward broke in pieces with his Truncheon The Macedonian thus twice defeated betook to his Sword but while he was drawing it his Adversary made a Sally up to him and prevented him catching hold on his Arm with his left hand and gave him such a Blow with the other as that he laid him at his feet When he had him upon the Ground he set his Foot upon his Neck and lifting up himself he turn'd about to the Spectators Upon which all the People set up a great Shout in admiration of what was done and at the Strength and Valour of the Man But the King order'd him that was foil'd to be let go and then Broke up the Assembly and departed not very well pleas'd at the Misfortune of his Country-man But Doxippus having now discharg'd his Adversary went off the Ground and for his famous and remarkable Victory his Country-men set a Coronet upon his Head as One that had advanc'd the Honour and Reputation of the Grecians But Fortune suffer'd not the Man to rejoice long in his Victory for the King ever after bore a Grudge to him and the King's Friends and all the Courtiers envy'd him Therefore they persuaded one that waited at the Table to put a golden Cup under his Cushion and in the middle of the Feast a Complaint was made that the Cup was stollen whereupon search was made and the Cup pretended to be found with Dioxippus By which he was greatly disgrac'd and put out of Countenance And seeing the Macedonians came â—locking about him he Ant. Ch. 325. arose from the Table and left the place and went to his Lodging But shortly after he wrote a Letter to Alexander complaining of the foul Contrivances of his Enemies against him and after he had deliver'd it to his Servants to be handed carefully to the King he Dioxippus murthers himself murder'd himself It was certainly an imprudent Act in him to fight with a Macedonian but far more Folly in him to destroy himself Therefore many who blam'd him for this piece of Madness added this to his further Disgrace That a great Body and a great Wit seldom meet together When the King read the Letter he was exceedingly troubled at his Death and would often commend him for his Valour And he who undervalu'd him when he was alive now in vain wish'd for him when he was dead and came perfectly to understand the Honesty of the Man by the Knavery of his Accusers and Slanderers And now the King order'd his Army to march along the Bank of the * Indus River over against his Fleet and began again to sail down into the Ocean and in his Passage arriv'd at the Country of the Sambestans These People for Number and Courage are nothing Sambestanâ— Curtius lib. 9. c. 15. inferior to any of the Indians and their Cities are Democratical in their Government Having intelligence of the approach of the Macedonians they brought into the Field Threescore thousand Foot Six thousand Horse and Five hundred Chariots But when the Fleet drew near they were so terrify'd with the strangeness of the Sight and the Fame and Glory of the Macedonians which was nois'd abroad in all Places that the Old Ant. Ch. 325. Men among them dissuaded them from vent'ring a Battel whereupon they sent Fifty of the best Quaâ—ity as Ambassadors to Alexander to pray his Favour The King upon the Address made to him granted them Peace as they desir'd and receiv'd large and honourable Presents becoming a Demy-god from the Inhabitants Then he receiv'd the Submission of the Sodrans and Massanians who border'd on both sides the River Here Sodians Massanians Alexander built another City call'd Alexandria near the * On the Bank of the River Indus River and furnish'd it with a Thousand Inhabitants Afterwards he arriv'd at the Kingdom of ** Musicanus Strabo lib. 15. p. 694. 701. says he submitted where see much more but after revolted and Crucify'd Musicanus whom he took and kill'd and subdu'd his Country Then he came to the †This Territory belongs to the Bastans See Strabo b. Sambus Territory of Porticanus and took two Cities upon the first Assault and gave the Spoil of them to his Soldiers and then burnt them Porticanus who had fled for shelter into the Castle was kill'd fighting in his own Defence Then he took all the Cities within his Dominion by Assault and raz'd them to the Ground which struck a great Terror into the Neighbouring Inhabitants Next he wasted the * The Country of the Brachmans who
Dead of all his burying Clothes and other Ornaments and leave the Body to be Food for the Wild Beasts Then they divide his Garments and Sacrifice to the Subterraneous Heroes and Feast all their Friends Alexander afterwards marched into Gedrosia all along the Sea Coast and came at length among a most rude and savage People From their very Birth to their old Age they never Marches into Gedrosia cut their Nails but suffer them still to grow and the Hair of their Heads all grow in Locks never comb'd out They 're of a swarthy Complexion through the parching Heat of the Sun and cloath themselves with the Skins of Wild Beasts They feed upon the Flesh of Whales cast up by the Sea In building of their Houses and Cottages they raise up their Walls as is usual but the Roofs are laid with the Rib-bones of Whales of which they have Summers and Beams eighteen Cubits in length and for Tiles they use the Whales Scales When Alexander with great Toil had march'd through this Country he came into a Alexander's Army near Perishing in Gedrosia desolate Wilderness where nothing at all was to be had for the support of Man's Life So that many dying for want of Food the whole Army was not only altogether discourag'd but the King himself was then over-whelm'd with unusual Sorrow and Anxiety of Mind For he look'd upon it as a most Miserable thing that those who by the Valour of their Arms had conquer'd all where ever they came should now ingloriously Perish for want Ant. Ch. 325. of Bread in a Barren Wilderness Therefore he sent away the swiftest Courriers he could find into Parthia Drangina Aria and other bordering Countries with order that with all speed they should meet him upon the Border of Carmania with Dromedary Camels and other Beasts of Burden loaden with Bread and all other necessary Provisions who hasted away as they were commanded and procur'd the Governors of the Provinces to dispatch abundance of Provision to the Place appointed By this extream Scarcity Alexander lost many of his Men and this was the first Mischief he met with in this Expedition Afterwards as they were marching some of the Mountaineers fell upon Leonatus his Squadron and cut off many of them and then made back to their Countrymen and this was another Loss When they had at length with very great Difficulties and Hardships past through this Desart they came into a Rich and Populous Country * In Carmania Vid. Curtius Lib. 9. ad finâ—m Here he randezvous'd his whole Army and after they had refresh'd themselves celebrated a Feast to Bacchus and dress'd up to make a shew like a Pageant he led the Darice before his Army who march'd likewise in great Pomp and State for the space of Seven days together spending all that time in Revelling and Drunkenness all along the way as he went When this was over hearing that many of his Officers and Governors of Provinces had The King punishes the Governors of Provinces Ant. Ch. 325. abus'd their Power to the Oppression and Injury of many he punish'd them according to their Demerits Which Severity of the King 's being spread abroad many who were conscious of being guilty of the same Crimes began to fear the same Punishment and therefore some who commanded the Mercenaries made a Defection others pick'd up what Moneys they could and fled Of which the King receiving intelligence he writ to all the Governors and Lord-Lieutenants of Asia that as soon as they had read his Letters they should without further delay disband all the Mercenaries About the same time while the King was at * Salmuntes in Harmozia now Ormus in the Gulf of Persia Nearchus returns Salmuntes a Sea port Town busie in making Stage Plays Those who were sent to examine all the Sea Coasts arriv'd with the Fleet who forthwith went into the Theatre and address'd themselves to the King and after they had made their Obeysance they acquainted him with what they had done The Macedonians so rejoic'd at their Return that as a Testimony of their joy they set up a great Acclamation and fill'd the whole Theatre with Exultations Those that return'd from the Voyage told him There were wonderful Tides of Ebbing and Flowing in the Ocean and that at low Water in the furthest Parts of the Sea Coasts there appear'd very Islands over-flow'd many great Islands which at the return of the Tide are all again laid under Water while a most Fierce and violent Wind comes off from them to the Continent and causes the Water to be all over on a Foam And as the greatest Wonder of all they declar'd they met with Whales of an incredible Magnitude which at the first so terrify'd them that Whales they look'd upon themselves as lost and that they and all their Ships must in a Moment perish together But all of them at once setting up a great shout and making a Noise by striking upon their Arms and sounding of Trumpets the monstrous Creatures were so terrify'd with a thing so unusual that they made to the Bottom of the Deep After the King had heard the Relation he order'd the Sea Officers to sail with the Ant. Ch. 325. Fleet to Euphrates And he himself in the mean time marching through many Countries with his Army came at last to the Borders of Susiana At which time Calanus an Indian a great Philosopher and much honour'd by the King ended his days in a wonderful manner Having now liv'd to be Seventy three years old and during all that The strange Death of Calanus Aelian Var. Hist lib. 5. c. 6. Plut. in Alexander time never knew what Sickness or the least Distemper meant he purpos'd to put an end to his own Life supposing that now both Nature and Fortune had brought him to the utmost Bounds of his Felicity and well-being in the World Being seiz'd upon therefore with Sickness which grew upon him more and more every day he desir'd the King that he would order a great Funeral Pile to be made and that when he had plac'd himself upon it some of his Servants should set it on fire The King at first endeavour'd to dissuade him from this Purpose but when he saw he would not be mov'd he promis'd it should be done as he had desir'd The thing presently spread abroad and when the Pile was finish'd multitudes of People flock'd to see this strange Sight And there Calanus according to the Rules and Dictates of his own Opinion with great Courage ascended the Pile and both he and it were consum'd together Some that were present judg'd this Act to be an effect of Madness others nothing else but a piece of Vain-glory Though some there were that admir'd his Noble Spirit and Contempt of Death And the King caus'd him to be honourably bury'd When Alexander came to Susa he marry'd Statira Darius his Eldest Daughter Drypetis the Younger he marry'd
breeds and pastures an innumerable Company of Horses for they say That there had been here an Hundred and sixty thousand Horses that ran at Pasture up and down in the Country but at the coming of Alexander there were only Sixty thousand He encamp'd herefor the space of Thirty Days Thence in seven Encampments he came to Echatana in Media This City is * About 30 Mile Hephestion dies Aelian Var. Hist l. 7. c. 8. Two hundred and Ecbatana fifty Furlongs in compass and is the Metropolis of all Media where abundance of Treasure was laid up Here he staid some time and refresh'd his Army and spent his time in Feasting Drinking and Stage-Plays at which time Hephestion one that he lov'd above all others fell sick of a Surfeit and died Whose death the King bore very grievously and committed his Body to Perdiccas to be carry'd to Babylon because he intended to bury him with great Pomp and State While these things were acting in Asia Greece was full of Tumults and Seditions whence broke out the War call'd the Lamian War upon this occasion After the King's Order The Lamian War to the Lords Lieutenants of the Provinces to disband all Mercenary Soldiers and the execution of those Commands many Foreiguers that were cashier'd went stragling over all Asia and for want of Subsistence robb'd and spoil'd the Country till they all came into one Body at Tenarus in Laconia So likewise all the Governors and Commanders of the Persians that were left got together what Men and Money they could and came all to Tenarus and there join'd their Forces together There they created Leostenes an Athenian Ant. Ch. 324. a brave Spirited Man General of the Army who then call'd a Council of War and after Consultation had concerning the Management of the War dispos'd of Fifty Talents to pay the Mercenaries and provided Arms sufficient for the present occasion He sent likewise Ambassadors to the Aetolians who were disaffected to the King to join with them in Arms. And thus Leostenes was altogether taken up in necessary Preparations for a War of the greatness of which he had then a clear and evident Prospect Alexander now march'd against the Cosseans who refus'd to submit to his Government This People are a very Warlike Nation and inhabit the hilly and mountainous Parts of The Cosseans invaded Media and therefore confiding in their own Valour and the Fastnesses of their Coun-Country never would be brought of admit to any foreign Prince to reign over them and were never subdu'd during all the time of the Persian Empire And at that time they were so very high that they slighted the Valour of the Macedonians The King first gain'd the Passes and then wasted a great part of the Country of Cosea and getting the better in every Engagement kill'd many of the Barbarians and took many more Prisoners At length the Cosseans being worsted and beaten in every place and greatly concern'd at the multitude of the Captives were forc'd to redeem their Country by the loss of their own Liberty and so giving up themselves to the Will of the Conqueror they obtain'd Peace upon condition they should be Loyal and Obedient for the time to come Thus Alexander conquer'd this Nation in the space of forty Days and after he hadbuilt some Cities atthe most difficult Passes in the Country he march'd away Socicles was now Archon at Athens and Cornelius Lentulus and Quintus †Publius Popilius Roman Consuls when Alexander after the Conquest of the Cosseans march'd thence towards Babylon Olymp. 113. 4. Ant. Ch. 233. An. M. 3625. He always rested a while between every Decampment and to ease his Army mov'd very slowly When he was about Three hundred Furlongs from Babylon the * Caldean Priests Marches towards Babylon Caldean Astrologers Caldeans as they are call'd who were famous for Astrology and us'd to prognosticate future Events by the Observation of the Stars and by that means knew that the King would die presently after he enter'd into Babylon pick'd out some of the most ancient and expert of those of their Profession and order'd them to signifie the Danger to the King and with all the Arguments they could use to dissuade him from entring into the City and to let him know that he might avoid the Danger if he would rebuild the Sepulchre of Belus which the Persians had destroy'd and alter his Purpose and pass by the City Belephentes was the leading Man of the Caldeans that were sent away but he was afraid to address himself to the King and therefore privately imparted all to Nearchus one of the King 's familiar Friends and desir'd him that with all speed he would acquaint the King with the whole Business Alexander was much concern'd when Nearchus told him what the Caldeans had prognosticated and more and more considering and pondering in his Thoughts the Skill and Reputation of the Man was in no small Consternation At length he sent away many of his Friends to the City but he himself turn'd aside another way and pass'd by Babylon and encamping Two hundred Furlongs distant from the place he there rested At this all were in admiration whereupon many Philosophers came to him Ant. Ch. 323 as well those that were Followers of Anaxagoras as other Grecians When they came to understand the cause of his Fear they earnestly oppos'd what was said with many Philosophical Arguments by which he was so convinc'd and chang'd that he contemn'd all sorts of Divination whatsoever and especially that of the Caldeans that was every where so famous Therefore now as if his Spirit before wounded had been cur'd by the Arguments of Philosophers he entred Babylon with his Army where as before the Soldiers were kindly entertain'd by the Citizens and the Plenty of Provision was such that all Enters Babylon gave up themselves to Ease and Voluptuousness And these were the things acted this Year CHAP. XII Ambassadors come to Alexander from all Parts He buries Hephestion with great State The Prodigies before Alexander's Death His Death Darius's Mother starves her self AGesias was now Chief Magistrate of Athens and Caius Poetelius and Lucius Papirius Olymp. 114. 1. Ant. Ch. 322. An. M. 3625. Ambassadors comâ— to Alexander from all parts Thâ— African â—â—â—ar at far as Cadiâ— Consuls at Rome when the Hundred and fourteenth Olympiad was celebrated in which Micinas of Rhodes was Victor At this time Ambassadors came to Alexander almost from all Parts of the World some to congratulate his Victories others to tender him Crowns others to make Leagues and Alliances with him and many brought him very Rich and Noble Presents And some there were that came to clear themselves from false Accusations For besides those sent from the Cities States and Princes of Asia many Ambassadors addrest themselves to the King from Europe and Africa Out of Africa the Carthaginians and the Phoenicians of Lybia and all bordering upon the Sea
the things done by Alexander to the time of his Death This present Book relating the Actions of those who succeeded ends with the Year next before the Reign of Agathocles which makes an History of Seven Years CHAP. I. Quarrels about a Successor to Alexander Arideus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books Meleager executed by Perdiccas The Grecians revolt A Description of Asia Pithon sent against the revolting Grecians who were all cut off The Lamian War The cause of it Alexander's Epistle to the Exiles Leosthenes the Athenian General Lamia besieg'd Leosthenes kill'd Antiphilus plac'd in his room WHen Cephisodorus was Chief Magistrate of Athens the Romans created Olymp. 114. 2. Ant. Ch. 321. Lucius Furius and Decius Jovius Consuls About which time Alexander being now dead without Issue and so the Government without a Head there arose great Dissentions and Differences about the Empire For the * The Macedonian Phalanx Foot were for setting up of †Arideus the Son of Philip by one Philima of Larissa a Strumpet Justin l. 13. c. 2. Plut. Arideus the Son of Philip a weak-spirited Man labouring under many natural Infirmities But the Chiefest of the Nobility and Esquires of the Body met together in Council and being join'd with the Squadron of Horse call'd the Social they resolv'd to try it out with the Macedonian Phalanx Therefore they sent the most eminent Commanders among whom Meleager was the Chief to the Foot to require them to observe Commands But Meleager who was the most Eminent Man of the Phalanx as soon as he came to the Battalion which was of the greatest Account and Esteem in the Army he said nothing at all of the Business for which they were sent but on the contrary highly commended them for their Choice and stirr'd them up against the Opposers Whereupon the Macedonians created Meleager their Captain and with their Arms made out against the contrary Party Ant. Ch. 321. Those of the King's Life-guard and Esquires of the Body march'd likewise out of Babylon in order to fight but the most Interested and Popular Men amongst them endeavour'd all they could to make Peace on both sides Upon which it was presently agreed Arideus made King that Arideus the Son of Philip should be made King and call'd Philip and that Perdiccas to whom the late King when he was upon the point of death deliver'd his Ring should be invested with the * Lord Protecter Executive Power of the Kingdom and order'd that the Esquires of the Body and the Chief Commanders should govern the Provinces and all be observant to the Commands of the King and Perdiccas Arideus being thus made King he call'd together a General Council of the chief Commanders The Provinces divided and to Ptolomeus Lagus he committed the Government of Aegypt to Laomedon of Mitylene Syria to Philotas Cilicia to Python Media to Eumenes Cappadocia and Paphlagonia and the bordering Countries which were never entred by Alexander all the time of his Wars with Darius through want of convenient Opportunity To Antigonus he assign'd the Command of Lycia and the greater Phrygia to Cassander Caria to * Meleager for Menander Ush Ann 290 Arrian lib. 3. p. 56. Meleager Lydia to Leonatus Phrygia all along the Coast of the Hellespont And in this manner were the Provinces divided In Europe Thrace with the Nations bordering upon the Sea of Pontus were committed to Lysimachus and Macedonia with those bordering upon it to Antipater As for the rest of the Asian Provinces it was thought most adviseable not to alter but to leave them under the Government of the former Lord Lieutenants The Province next adjoining was intrusted with Taxilis and the Kings bordering upon him But the Province adjoining to Mount Caucasus call'd Parapamisus was assign'd to Oxiertes Ant. Ch. 321. King of the Bactrians whose Daughter Rhoxana Alexander had marry'd Arachesia and Gedrosia to Sybirtius Ariana and Drangina to Stasanoris of Solos Bactriana and * Sardiana for Sogdiana Sardiana were allotted to Philip Parthia and Hyrcania to Phrataphernes Persia to Peucestes Carmania to Tlepolemus Media to Atrapas The Province of Babylon to Archon and Mesopotamia to Arcesilaus Seleucus he created General of the brave Brigade of the Social Horse Hephestion was the first Commander of that Brigade then Perdiccas and the third was this Seleucus He order'd that Taxiles and Porus should enjoy the absolute Authority within their own Kingdoms as Alexander himself had before appointed The care of the * The laying of the Body to sleep at rest Funeral and of preparing a Chariot to convey the King's Body to Hammon was committed to Arideus But as for Craterus the most Noble of Alexander's Captains he was some time before sent by Alexander with Ten thousand of the old Soldiers that were discharg'd from further Service in the Persian War into Cilicia to put in Execution some Instructions in writing given him by the King which after the King's Death his Successors determin'd should be no further proceeded in For Perdiccas finding in the King's Commentaries not only the vast Sums of Money intended to be expended in the Funeral of Hephestion but likewise many other things of extraordinary Cost and Charge design'd by the King he judg'd it far more advisable to let them alone But lest he should seem to take too much upon him Ant. Ch. 321. and by his private Judgment to detract from Alexander's Wisdom and Discretion he referr'd all these Matters to the determination of a General Council of the Macedonians The Chief and the most considerable Heads of the King's purposes contain'd in his * Commentaries Books of Remembrance were these That a Thousand long Ships larger than those of three Tire of Oars should be built in Phaenicia Syria Cilicia and Cyprus in order to an Invasion Things set down in Alexander's Commentaries upon the Carthaginians and others inhabiting the Sea Coasts of Africa and Spain with all Islands adjoyning as far as Sicily 2. That a Plain and Easie way should be made straight along through the Sea Coasts of Africa to Hercules his Pillars 3. That Six magnificent Temples should be built and that Fifteen hundred Talents should be expended in the Cost of each of them 4. That Arsenals and Ports should be made in Places convenient and fit for the Reception of so great a Navy 5. That the new Cities should be planted with Colonies and that People should be transplanted out of Asia into Europe and others out of Europe into Asia to the end that by Intermarriages and mutual Affinities he might establish Peace and Concord between the two main Continents of the World Some of the Temples before-mention'd were to be built in Delos Delphos and Dodona Some in Macedonia as the Temple of Jupiter in Dio Diana's Temple in Amphipolis another to Minerva in * Corsica Ant. Ch. 321. Cyrnus To which Goddess he
design'd likewise to build a Temple in Ilium inferior to none for Splendor and Magnificence Lastly To adorn his Father Philip's Sepulchre he design'd to erect a Monument equal to the biggest Pyramid in Aegypt seven of which were by some accounted the most stately and greatest Works in the World These things being laid before them the Macedonians though they highly commended and approved of Alexander's designs yet because they seem'd things beyond all measure impracticable they decreed all to be laid aside Then Perdiccas caus'd those Soldiers that were Turbulent and exceeding Inveterate against him to the number of Thirty to be put to Death Afterwards out of a private Grudge he executed Meleager who betray'd Meleager executed his Embassy and carry'd on the Mutiny as one that sought to undermine him About this time the Grecians in the upper Provinces revolted and got together a great The Grecians revolt Army Against whom he sent Pithon one of the chiefest Commanders But we conceive it much conducing to the better Understanding of the History of things that were afterwards done if in the first Place we declare the Cause of the Revolt and the Situation of Asia and the Nature and Extent of the Provinces For by this means laying before the Eyes of the Readers a Map of the Countries and the Distances of Places one from another the Relation will be more Plain and Easie From Taurus therefore in Cilicia to Caucasus and the Eastern Ocean a ridge of Mountains A Description of Asia stretch forth in a straight and continued Line throughout all Asia As distinguished by several Peaks and Risings of the Hills from them Mount Taurus has gain'd particular Names By this means Asia being divided into two parts one rises towards the North Ant. Ch. 321. the other descends towards the South and according to these several Climates the Rivers run contrary ways some take their Course into the Caspian Sea others into the Euxine and some into the Northern Ocean These Rivers lying thus opposite one to another part empty themselves into the Indian Sea and another Part into the Ocean adjoyning to this Continent some likewise fall into the Red Sea In this manner likewise are the Provinces divided For some lye towards the North and others bend to the South The first towards the North borders upon the River Tanais that is to say Sogdiana with Bactria Caspian Sea and next to them Area and Parthea This Province surrounds the * Or rather adjoins to the Hyrcanian Sea Hyrcanian Sea ** Not running into other Seas which lies within its Limits and Bounds The next is Media call'd by many Names from the Places included in it and is the greatest of all the Provinces Then follows Armenia Lycaonia and Cappadocia all of a very sharp and cold Air. Bordering upon these in a direct Line are Phrygia both the Greater and that lying to the Hellespont In an oblique Line lie Lydia and Caria Pisidia stretches sorth it self in length and in a Parrallel Line equal with Phrygia on the right Hand and to the side of Pisidia lies Lycia The Greek Cities are situated upon the Sea Coasts of these Provinces whose Names it is Ant. Ch. 321. not necessary for our purpose here to recite Thus situated as we have related are the Northern Provinces As to the Southern the first is India under Mount Caucosus a very large and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 populous Kingdom for it 's inhabited by many Indian Nations the greatest of which is that of the Gandarides against whom Alexander made no attempt by reason of the Multitude of their Elephants This Territory is divided from the further India by the greatest River in those parts being * About four Miles thirty Furlongs broad The rest of India conquer'd by Alexander a rich and fruitful Country and watered with many Rivers borders upon this of the Gandarides Within this Part besides many other Kingdoms were the Dominions of Porus and Taxilis The River Indus from which the Country takes its Name runs through it Separated from the Province of India next to it was Arachosia Gedrosia and Carmania and with these was join'd Persia wherein are situated the Provinces of Susiana and Sittacina Next follows the Province of Babylon extending it self as far as to Arabia the Desart On the other side where begins the * At the Foot of Mount Taurus Southward Descent you have †Mesopotamia signifies in the Greek Tongue a Place between two Rivers Mesopotamia lying between two Rivers Euphrates and Tigris from whence it had its Name The higher Syria and the Countries upon the * The Mediterranean Sea Sea Coasts adjoyning to it as Cilicia Pamphilia ** Or Caelo Syria Ant. Ch. 321. Syria Cava within which is Phaenicia lie close to the Province of Babylon Upon the Borders of Syria Cava and the Desart next adjoining to it through which runs the River Nile and so divides between Syria and Aegypt appears Aegypt it self the Best and Richest of all the Provinces All these Countries are scorching hot for the Southern Climate is contrary in its nature to the Northern These Provinces conquer'd by Alexander which we have thus describ'd were divided amongst the Chiefest of his Commanders But the Grecians that inhabited the Upper Provinces who through fear while Alexander was alive endur'd their being cast forth into the utmost Corner of the Kingdom Grecians revolt now when he was dead being touch'd with a Desire to return into their own Country Revolted and to that end unanimously chose Philo an Enean born to be their Captain and had got together a considerable Army of above Twenty thousand Foot and Three thousand Horse all old expert Soldiers and Brave and Valiant Men. Intelligence being brought of this Revolt Perdiccas chose by lot out of the Macedonian Squadrons Three thousand Foot and Eight hundred Horse Pitho one of the Squires of the Body to Alexander a Man of a high Spirit and a skiiful Commander was chose General by the Army and to him Perdiccas deliver'd the Soldiers chosen as is before declar'd and Letters likewise to the Lord-Lieutenants whereby they were order'd to furnish him with Ten thousand Foot and Eight thousand Horse against the Rebels Pitho being a Man of am ambitious Spirit was very ready to undertake this Expedition For he purpos'd to gain by all fair means possible these revolting Greeks and by joining their Forces to his own to set up for himself and reduce all those upper Provinces under his Ant. Ch. 321. own Subjection But Perdiccas smelling out his Design gave him express Order That having overcome those Rebels he should put them all to the Sword and divide the Spoil amongst the Soldiers Pithon therefore march'd away with these Men thus deliver'd and when he had receiv'd those that were to join him from the Lord Lieutenants he made towards the Rebels with the whole Army And having by a
certain Enean corrupted Lipodorus who commanded a Brigade of Three thousand Men among the Rebels he routed them all For in the height of the Engagement when the Victory was doubtful the Traytor withdrew from the rest of his fellow Soldiers and with his Three thousand Men march'd up to the top of a rising Ground whereupon the rest thinking that he had fled broke all their Ranks and took to their Heels Pithon being thus Victor sent a Trumpet to the Rebels ordering them to lay down their Arms and upon Capitulation licensed them to repair every Man to his own home It was no small joy to Pithon to see things brought to such a pass as suited directly to his designs for he had now all confirm'd by Oath and the Grecians intermixt among the Macedonians But the Macedonians remembring the Orders Perdiccas had given making nothing of their Oaths broke Faith with the Grecians For on a sudden they fell unexpectedly upon them and put every Man of The Revolters all cut off them to the Sword and seiz'd upon all they had And so Pithon being defeated in his design return'd with the Macedonians to Perdiccas And this was the state of Affairs in Asia at that time In the mean time in Europe the Rhodians cast out the Garison of the Macedonians and freed their City And the Athenians began a War against Antipater which was call'd the The Lamian War Ant. Ch. 321. Lamian War It 's in the first place necessary to declare the Causes of this War that the Progress of it may be the better understood Alexander a little before his Death had order'd all the Exiles and Out-law'd Persons of the Greek Cities to be recall'd as well to advance his own Honour and Esteem as to gain the Hearts of many in every City by his Clemency who might stand up for his Interest against the Innovations and Defections of the Grecians At the approach therefore of the time of Celebrating the Olympiads he sent away Nicanor a Native of the City Stagira with a Letter concerning the Restitution of the Bandities of Greece and commanded it to be proclaim'd by the Common Cryer who declar'd him that was Victor who executed the Command and read the Letter in these Words King Alexander to the Banditties of the Grecian Cities WE were not the Cause of your Banishment but will be of the Return of you all Alexander's Epistle into your own Country excepting such as are Banish'd for outrageous Crimes of which things we have written to Antipater requiring him to proceed by Force against all such as shall oppose your Restitution When these Orders were proclaim'd the People set up a great Shout testifying their approbation For those of them that were present at the Solemnity readily laid hold on the King's Mercy and return'd their Thanks with Expressions of their Joy and applauses of his Grace and Favour For all the Banish'd Men were then got together at the Olympiads above the Number of Twenty thousand Many there were who approv'd Ant. Ch. 321. of their Restitution as a prudent Act but the Aeolians and Athenians were much offended at it for the Aeolians expected that the Oenians who were banish'd out from among them should have undergone due punishment for their Crimes For the King had made a great Noise with his Threats that he would not only punish the Children of the Oenians but that he himself would execute Justice upon the Authors themselves Whereupon the Athenians would not yield by any means to part with Samos which they had divided by lot But because they were not at present able to cope with Alexander they judg'd it more adviseable to sit still and watch till they found a convenient Opportunity which Fortune presently offer'd them For Alexander dying in a short time afterwards and leaving no Children to succeed him they grew confident that they should be able not only to regain their Liberty but likewise the Sovereignty of all Greece The vast Treasure left by Harpalus of which we have particularly spoken in the preceding Book and the Soldiers that were disbanded by the Lord-Lieutenants of Asia were great Supports and Encouragements for the carrying on of this War for there were Eight thousand of them then about Tenarus in Peloponensus They sent therefore privately to Leosthenes Ant. Ch. 321. the Athenian wishing him that without taking notice of any Order by them of his own accord so to dispose of matters as to have those Soldiers in readiness when occasion serv'd Antipater likewise so contemn'd Leosthenes that he was Careless and Negligent in preparing for the War and so gave time to the Athenians to provide all things necessary for that Affair Hereupon Leosthenes very privately Listed these Soldiers and beyond all expectation had ready a brave Army For having been a long time in the Wars in Asia and often engag'd in many great Battles they were become very expert Soldiers These things were contriv'd when the Death of Alexander was not generally known But when a Messenger came from Babylon who was an Eye witness of his Death the People of Athens declar'd open War and sent part of the Money left by Harpalus with a great number of Arms to Leosthenes charging him no longer to conceal or palliate the Matrer but to do what was most conducible to the Service of the Common-wealth Whereupon having distributed the Money among the Soldiers as he was commanded and arm'd those that wanted he went into Aetolia in order to carry on the War with the joint Assistance of both Nations The Aetolians join'd very readily and deliver'd to him for the service Seven thousand Soldiers Then he stirr'd up his Messengers the Locrians and Phocians and other neighbouring Nations to stand up for their Liberties and to free Greece from the Macedonian Yoke But in the mean time the Wealthy Men among the Athenians Ant. Ch. 321. dissuaded them from the War but the Rabble were for carrying it on with all the Vigour imaginable Whence it came to pass that they who were for War and had nothing to live upon but their Pay were far the greater Number To which sort of Men Philip was us'd to say War was as Peace and Peace as War Forthwith therefore the Orators who were in a Body together and clos'd with the Humours of the People wrote down the Decree That the Athenians should take upon them the Care and Defence of the Common Liberty of Greece and should free all the Greek Cities from their several Garisons and that they should rig out a Fleet of Forty Gallies of Three Tire of Oars and Two hundred of Four Tire of Oars and that all Athenians under Forty years of Age should take up Arms That Three of the Tribes should keep Watch and Ward in Athens and the other Seven should be always ready to march abroad Moreover Ambassadors were sent to all the Cities of Greece to inform them That the People of Athens in the first
place look'd upon all Greece to be the common Country of every Grecian and that they had heretofore repuls'd the Barbarians at Sea who invaded them with a Design to Inslave Greece and that now they had determin'd to oppose the Macedonians for the common Good with their Navies Lives and Fortunes The Wiser sort of the Grecians judg'd the Athenians more forward than prudent in passing this Decree and what they had design'd seem'd to carry an honourable Aspect but Ant. Ch. 321. nothing of Profit and Advantage to the State For that they made a stir and bustle unseasonably and began a War against mighty and victorious Armies when there was no necessity for it and though they had the repute of a prudent People yet they consider'd not the notorious Ruine and Destruction of Thebes However notwithstanding the Ambassadors came to the Cities and by their usual florid way of address had heated and egg'd them on to the War yet many confederated in the League some in the Names of their several Cities and others in the Names of whole Countries As for the rest of the Grecians some sided with the Macedonians and others stood Neuter But all the Aetolians generally as is before said enter'd into the Confederacy and after them all the Thessalians except them of Pellena Likewise the Oetaeans except the Heracleans The Phthiotians amongst the Acheans except the Thebans The Elians except the Maleans Then generally all the Doreans Locrians and Phocians join'd in the League Also the Enians Clyzeans and Dolopeans To these join'd likewise the Athamanes Leucadians and Molossians under the Command of Arypteus But this Man play'd the Impostor in the Confederacy and afterwards underhand treacherously aided the Macedonians A small Part likewise of the Illyrians and Thracians out of hatred to the Macedonians came into the League together with the Carystines out of Euboea and at length out of Ant. Ch. 321. Peloponnesus the Argives Sicyonians Eleans Messenians and those that Inhabited * The Sea Coasts Acta All these before nam'd confederated with the Grecians The People of Athens also sent Auxiliaries to Leosthenes out of the Cities Five thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse and Two thousand Mercenaries who were oppos'd by the Boetians in their march through Boetia for the Reasons following Alexander when he raz'd Thebes granted the Territories of the City to the neighbouring Boetians who divided the Lands of those miserable People amongst themselves by Lot and thereby gain'd large Possessions who understanding that the Athenians if they prevail'd design'd to restore the Country and Lands to the Thebans sided with the Macedonians and while the Boetians were Encamp'd at Platea Leosthenes came with part of his Forces into Boetia and drawing up the Athenians into Battalia fell upon the Inhabitants routed them and set up a Trophy and then return'd to Pylas Here after he had block'd up all the Passages he Encamp'd for some time expecting the Macedonian Army But Antipater who was left Viceroy of Europe by Alexander as soon as he heard of his Death at Babylon and of the Divisions of the Provinces sent to Craterus in Cilicia to come to him with all the Force he had for his Assistance For he being sent away some time before into Cilicia had ready Thirty thousand Macedonians who were dismiss'd from the Service in Asia with which he was returning into Macedonia He likewise solicited Philotas Ant. Ch. 321. who had the Province of Phrygia near the Hellespont under his Command to assist him and promis'd to him one of his Daughters in Marriage For as soon as he heard of the Insurrection of the Grecians against him he left Sippas with a considerable Body of Men General in Macedonia with Orders to raise many more and he himself march'd out of Macedonia into Thessaly with Thirteen thousand Foot and Six hundred Horse For at that time there was great scarcity of Soldiers in Macedonia by reason of the Recruits sent into Asia With these Forces sail'd along the whole Fleet near at hand which Alexander had sent into Macedonia with a vast Treasure out of the King's Treasuries The Navy consisted of an Hundred and ten Gallies of three Tire of Oars The Thessalians indeed at the beginning joining with Antipater had sent to him many brave Horses but afterwards being brought over by the Athenians into the contrary Interest they turn'd off with their Horse to Leosthenes and join'd with the Athenians for the recovery of the Liberty of Greece The Athenians therefore growing very strong by many flocking thus in to them the Grecians Antipater routed Ant. Ch. 321. Lamia a City in Thessaly over power'd the Macedonians and overcame them in a Battel Antipater being routed not daring to abide in the Field nor judging it safe to return into Macedonia fled to Lamia where he drew in his Army into the City repair'd the Walls furnish'd himself with Arms Offensive and Defensive and with Corn and Provision waiting for supplies out of Asia Leosthenes with all his Forces coming up close to Lamia fortify'd his Camp with a Lamia besieg'd deep Trench and Rampire And first he drew up his Army in the face of the City to provoke the Macedonians to fight But they not daring to Engage he daily assaulted the Walls with fresh Men succeeding one another But the Macedonians made a stout Defence and many of the Grecians through their Rashness and Imprudence were cut off For having a strong Body of Men in the City and well furnish'd with all sorts of Weapons and the Walls of the City with great Expence being strong and well built the Besieg'd easily repuls'd the Enemy Leosthenes therefore perceiving he could not gain the Town by force of Arms block'd it up to hinder all supplies of Provision supposing the Besieg'd would be presently subdu'd by Famine and want of Bread To this end he rais'd a Wall and drew a deep Trench round about it and so penn'd them up Afterwards the Aetolians being call'd away upon the occasion of some Publick concerns got leave of Leosthenes to return home and so all of them march'd back into Aetolia But while Antipater with his Army was in these desperate Straights and the City near Ant. Ch. 321. lost for want of Provision Fortune on a sudden turn'd the Scale to the Advantage of the Macedonians For Antipater made a Sally upon them that were busy'd in opening the Trenches where Leosthenes coming in to their Relief receiv'd a Blow upon the Head with a Stone which fell'd him to the Ground and so was carry'd off half dead into the Camp and died the Third day after and was honourably Bury'd upon the account of Leosthenes kill'd the Noble Service he had perform'd in the War The Athenians commanded Hyperides to set forth his Praise in a Funeral Oration who was esteem'd the Chiefest of the Orators at that time both for his Eloquence and particular hatred of the Macedonians For Demosthenes the
320. fought like a Hero and gave an Example of Valour to all the rest In this sharp Dispute many fell on both Sides The Ptolemeans had the advantage in the Height of the Place and the Perdicceans in Greatness of their Number which far exceeded the other At length the whole Day being spent in the Assault Perdiccas rais'd his Siege and march'd back to his Camp and in the Night decamp'd and with a quiet and silent March came into a part of the Country over-against Memphis where Nile dividing it self into two Parts made an Island sufficient to receive and encamp the greatest Army Into this Place therefore he pass'd over part of his Army though the Passage was very difficult through the depth of the River for the Water reaching up to the Chin the Soldiers could not stand upon their Legs and were likewise cumber'd with their Arms. Perdicca therefore discerning the Unruliness of the River plac'd the Elephants on the Left to break the force of the Stream The Horse went on the Right by whose Help he took up them that were hurry'd down by the Current and set them safe on the Shoar on the other side But there happen'd in this Passage that which was strange and unusual For when the first were gotten over those that follow'd were in very great Hazard For the River rose Perdiccas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his Men in the River Nile Ant. Ch. 320. on a sudden without any apparent Cause and swept away whole Sholes of Bodies at a time which put all into a Consternation The Cause of this Inundation could not be found out though it was enquir'd into Some imputed it to a Dyke or Sluce in the higher Grounds whose Banks might be broken down and so all its Water ran into Nile by which means the Ford was so much the higher Others conceiv'd it was great Rains that fell in the Lands above that increas'd the Waters of the River But it was neither of these But the true Cause why the Passage at first was without danger was because the Sand then was firm and unmov'd but afterwards when by the treading of the Horses and Elephants and the Passage of the Army the Sand was stirr'd and carry'd away by the Force of the River the Ford by this means was as it were dug into and made into Holes and so the Passage was deeper in the middle of the River Perdiccas therefore not being able to pass the rest of his Army over fell into a great strait being those that were got to the other side were very unequal to the force of the Enemy and those on this side the River were not able to succour them Hereupon he commanded all those that were landed in the Island to return The Army thus forc'd to repass the River those that could swim and were strong-bodied Men with great difficulty recover'd the other side of the Nile but most of them lost their Arms. The rest who were not so skilful some of them were drown'd and others were carry'd down the Stream and Ant. Ch. 320. fell into the Hands of the Enemy Very many for a long time toss'd and tumbled hither and thither were at length devour'd by Crocodiles Above Two thousand having perish'd P 647. in this manner among whom were some eminent Commanders the Hearts of the Soldiers were much turn'd against Perdiccas But Ptolemy caus'd all those Bodies to be burnt that were brought dead down the River to him and having perform'd all Funeral Obsequies and Observances due to the Dead he sent their Ashes and Bones to their Kindred and Friends This far more inrag'd the Spirits of the Macedonians against Perdiccas and knit their Hearts in affection to Ptolemy When the Night came on the Camp was full of Cries and Lamentations that so many Men should miserably perish without a Stroke stricken amongst whom there were no fewer than a Thousand who were swallow'd by the monstrous Crocodiles Hereupon many of the Commanders rail'd against Perdiccas and the whole Phalanx of Foot being totally disaffected discover'd their Hatred by their Murmurings and Threats And a Hundred of the chief Commanders deserted him of whom the chiefest of them was Pithon who had conquer'd the Rebellious Greeks not inferiour in Valour and Reputation to any of Alexander's Commanders Afterwards some of the Horse enter'd into a Conspiracy and made to his Tent and in a Body fell upon him and kill'd Perdiccas kill'd him The next day when the Soldiers were in a Consult Ptolemy came to them and saluted the Macedonians and made an Apology for what he had done And seeing that they wanted Provision he furnish'd the Army with abundance of Bread and supply'd the Ant. Ch. 320. Camp with all other Things that were necessary But though he was upon this account in great Grace and Favour with the Soldiers and so able easily to gain the Protectorship of the Kings yet he demanded it not but bestowed the chief Command upon Python and Arrhideus to whom in Gratitude he was much oblig'd For when the Macedonians appointed a Consult concerning that honourable Trust and high Command by the Advice Ptolemy makes Arrhideus and Pytho Protectors of the Kings of Ptolemy they all unanimously created Python and Arrhideus who convey'd the the King's Body to be Protectors of the Kings investing them with Sovereign Authority And in this manner Perdiccas after he had enjoy'd the Sovereign Command for the space of Three Years lost both it and his Life together After his Death News was The two Kings were Arrihidaeus and Alexander a young Child brought that Eumenes had won the Day in Cappadocia and that Craeterus and Neoptolemus were both slain Which News if it had arriv'd the Day before Perdiccas his Death that prosperous Success would have been a Protection to his Person so as none durst have lifted up their Hands against him But the Macedonians now hearing how Eumenes had succeeded condemn'd him and all his Adherents to the number of Fifty Noble Lords amongst whom was Alcetas the Eumenes condemn'd to die Brother of Perdiccas to die And at that very time they put to Death those that were Perdiccas his chiefest Friends then in their Hands with his Sister Atalanta the Wife of Attalus the Admiral of the Fleet. For at and after the Death of Perdiccas Attalus the Ant. Ch. 320. Admiral lay with the Fleet before Pelusium and when News was brought him of the Death of Perdiccas and his Wife he loos'd from thence and arriv'd at Tyre where Archelaus a Macedonian Governor of the City kindly receiv'd him and deliver'd up to him the City and faithfully restor'd to him the Money intrusted in his Hands by Perdiccas to the Value of Eight hundred Talents And thus Attalus abiding at Tyre receiv'd all Perdiccas's Friends that fled to him from the Camp at Memphis After Antipater was gone over into Asia the Aetolians in pursuance of their League made with Perdiccas mach'd into
of Honesty and Integrity Ambassador to Antipater to desire him to draw out the Garison from Munichia as it was at first Articl'd and Agreed Antipater at the first was very kind to Demades but after the Death of Perdiccas when some Letters of Demades amongst others were found amongst the King's Papers wherein he press'd Perdiccas to hasten with all speed into Europe against Antipater though he suppress'd his Resentment for a time yet in Ant. Ch. 319. truth he bore him a Grudge Therefore when Demades had deliver'd his Message as he was Commanded and had something sharply debated the Matter concerning the Garison Antipater without giving any Answer committed his Son Demeas who was joint Ambassador with his Father to the * Our Sheriffs Executioners who presently carry'd him away to the Prison and for the Reasons before-mention'd †Antipater put one of the Athenian Ambassadors to Death cut off his Head Afterwards Antipater when he was very near his End appointed Polysperchon the Eldest almost of all Alexander's Captains and one in great Honour and Reputation with the Macedonians to be Protector of the Kings with chief and absolute Authority And his Son Cassander he created * 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 Polysperchon maâ—◠〈◊〉 Comm 〈…〉 Chiliarch next in Power and Authority to Polysperchon This Office was first made a Place of Honour and Credit by the Persian Kings and afterwards by Alexander when he grew great and began to imitate this and other the Customs of the Persians But Cassander relish'd not his Father's ordering of Matters and judg'd it very dishonourable to his Family to have one that was nothing related either in Blood or Affinity to succeed in the Sovereign Command when there was a Son who in Macedonia gave apparent and pregnant Evidences both of Valour and Parts sufficient to Govern the Affairs of the State in the room of his Father In the first place therefore he took a Journey into the Country with some of his Friends Cassander c 〈…〉 to gain the Sâ—verign Command in Macedonia where having both leisure and opportunity he discours'd with them about the Chief Command and dealt with every one of them privately apart by themselves to contrive Ways and Means for him to gain the Principality and by large Promises prevail'd with them to join together in their Assistance for the accomplishment of what he desir'd He likewise privately sent Ambassadors to Ptolemy to renew the League and pray his Assistance and that he would to that purpose help him with Shipping out of Phaenicia and Ant. Ch. 319. send them with all speed to the Hellespont In like manner he sent Ambassadors to the rest of the Cities and Captains to sollicit them to join with them in Arms. But the better to conceal his Design and that he might not be suspected he spent his time for many days together in Hunting But Polyspherchon having gain'd the Guardianship of the Kings call'd together a General Council of his Friends and by their advice sent for Olympias wishing that she would take into her Care Alexander's * Alexander one of the King Son who was then but a Child and reside for the future as Queen Regent in Macedonia For by reason of the Quarrels and Heart-burnings between her and Antipater she had withdrawn herself into Epirus When the Death of Antipater was nois'd abroad in Asia Stirs and Commotions began to change the face of Affairs there while they that were in Power and Authority made it their Business and sought every one how to advance his own particular Interest The Antigonus piets to be Sovereign P. 654. chief of whom was Antigonus who upon the account of his having conquer'd Eumenes in Cappadocia and was join'd with his Forces and Alcetas and Attalus in Pisidia and besides was appointed by Antipater Viceroy of Asia and had the Command of a great Army bore himself very high and swell'd with Pride in the Imagination of his own Greatness Ant. Ch. 319. And being now possess'd already in his own Conceit of the Sovereignty he resolv'd neither to regard the Kings nor their Guardians For in regard he had a greater Army he was confident he could possess himself of all the Treasures laid up in Asia being there was none able to oppose him He had then in his Army Threescore thousand Foot and Ten thousand Horse and Thirty Elephants And besides these he doubted not but to raise more whenever he had occasion for that there was Money enough in Asia for the listing of Soldiers abroad in any place where he pleas'd Pondering these things in his Head he sent for Hieronymus the Historian Eumenes the Cardian's special Friend and Fellow-Citizen he who fled to Nora and having brought him to him by many rich Gifts and Presents he sent him as an Agent to Eumenes with Instructions to desire him to forget the Battel in Cappadocia and to be his Friend and Confederate in the War and that he should have a far larger Province and much more Wealth than ever he enjoy'd before And to let him know That he should be Chiefest of his Friends and share with him in the Advantages and Successes of all his Designs Then without any further delay he call'd his Friends together and imparted to them his whole Design and to those who were of greatest account among them to some he allotted Provinces to others Commands in the Army and by raising the Hopes and Expectations of every one of them he made them all very forward to assist him in carrying on his Intrigues For he determin'd to pass through all Asia and to remove all the Governours Ant. Ch. 319. of the Provinces and bestow them upon his Friends While he was in execution of these Projects Arrideus the Governour of Phrygia 〈◊〉 the Hellespont understanding what he was contriving resolv'd to secure his own Province Arrideus secures himself in Phrygia against Antigonus and to that end put sufficient Garisons into the principal Cities and march'd against Cyzicum being the greatest and most important City of all others for his purpose He had with him above Ten thousand Foot of Mercenaries a Thousand Macedonians Five hundred Persian Darters and Slingers and Eight hundred Horse together with all sorts of Engines for Battery both for shooting of Darts and casting of Stones and all other things necessary for the carrying on of a Siege He came upon the City on a sudden and having surpriz'd most of the People when they were abroad in the open fields he prest on the Siege and endeavour'd to force the Inhabitants who were in a very great fright to Cyzicum be 〈…〉 by Arrideus receive a Garison The Cyzians though they were thus surpriz'd and that many were shut out that were in the Fields and those that remain'd were altogether unable to defend the Place looking upon it as their Duty to assert their Liberty cowardly sent forth Ambassadors to treat concerning the raising of
a Thousand Foot and Six hundred and ten Horse Androbazus likewise was sent from Parapamysus of which Province Oxyartes was Governor with Twelve hundred Foot and Four hundred Horse Stasander Governor of Aria and Dranginas being join'd with the Bactrians had with him Fifteen hundred Foot and a Thousand Horse Out of India came Eudamus with * 300 in the Margin Ush Ann. 307. Five hundred Horse and Three thousand Foot and a Hundred and twenty Elephants which he got after Alexander's Death when he treacherously slew Porus. There were in the whole with the Governors of the Provinces above * The Particulars make One and twenty thousand Eighteen thousand and Seven hundred Foot and Four thousand and Six hundred Horse When all these came into the Province of Susiana and join'd with Eumenes a publick Assembly was call'd where was a hot Dispute concerning the Choice of a General Peucestes upon the account of his bringing in most Men into the Field and his eminent Post under Alexander conceiv'd he had most Right to challenge the chief Command Antigenes Captain of the * Argyraspides Silver Targateers insisted upon it That the whole Power of Election ought to be committed to his Macedonians who under Alexander had conquer'd Asia and by their Valour had so signaliz'd themselves as to gain the Reputation of being Ant. Ch. 315. Unconquerable But Eumenes fearing lest by their Divisions they should become an easy Prey to Antigonus advis'd that they should not make only one General but that all who were before chosen Captains and Commanders should meet every day in the King's Pavilion and there consult of all the publick Affairs For a Tent had been before erected to Alexander and his Throne plac'd therein to which they us'd to resort offering Incense as to a God and there debate all Matters of Weight and special Concern This Advice being Approv'd and Applauded by all they met there every day as in a City govern'd by a Democracy Afterwards being come to Susa there Eumenes was supply'd with what Monies he had occasion for out of the King's Exchequer For the Kings by Eumenes come to Susa their Letters had order'd the Treasures that they should issue to Eumenes alone so much Money as he at any time requir'd Hereupon he gave the Macedonians Six Months Pay P. 679. before-hand and to Eudamus who brought the Elephants out of India he paid Two hundred Talents under colour to defray the Charge and Expence of the Elephants but in truth the more to engage him to his Interest For if Contests should arise that Party would have the greatest Advantage with whom he sided by reason of the Terror occasion'd by the use of these Beasts The rest of the Governors every one maintain'd their own Soldiers they brought with them This done Eumenes continu'd for some time in Ant. Ch. 315. Susa and there refresh'd his Army In the mean time Antigonus who Winter'd in Mesopotamia resolv'd forthwith to set upon Eumenes before he grew too strong But when he heard that the Provincial Governors with their Forces together with the Macedonians were join'd with him he let his Soldiers rest and made it his Business to raise more For he saw that he had need of a great Army and reason to make more than ordinary Preparations for the War In the midst of these Preparations Attalus Polemo Docimus Antipater and Philotas who before were Commanders in Alcetas his Army and were taken Prisoners and now kept Several Captains being Prisoners in a strong Castle seek to escape close Prisoners in an extraordinary strong Castle hearing of Antigonus his intended Expedition into the higher Provinces conceiving now they had gain'd a fair opportunity hir'd some of their Keepers to suffer them to escape Having therefore gotten Arms about Midnight they set upon the Guard They themselves were but Eight in Number surrounded with Four hundred Men yet Valiant and Expert Soldiers through their Experience in the War with Alexander Xenopithes the Governor of the Castle they Ant. Ch. 315. threw off from the Walls headlong down a steep Rock a Furlong high and as to the rest some they kill'd upon the place and others they hurl'd down and then set the Houses on fire Hereupon they took into the Castle Five hundred Men that were without expecting the Issue It was indeed very well stor'd with Provision and all other Things necessary But they consulted together whether it was better to stay there and trust to the Strength of the Place waiting for Relief from Eumenes or to get away and wander about in the Country making use of a Change and Turn of Fortune when it might happen Much Canvassing and Disputing there was on both sides Docimus was for leaving the Place but Attalus declar'd he was not able to endure Labour by reason of the Hardship of his late Imprisonment Whilst they were thus at Difference amongst themselves above Five hundred Foot and Four hundred Horse were drawn out of the Neighbouring Garisons and got together in a Body besides Three thousand of the natural Inhabitants and upwards gather'd from all Parts of the Country these created one from among themselves to be their General and laid close Siege to the Castle Being therefore thus unexpectedly again coop'd up Docimus acquainted with a Passage under-ground where no Guard was set by a private Messenger kept Correspondence with Stratonice the Wife of Antigonus who was not far distant from the Place And afterwards he with one other in his Company through this Pass slipt out to her but contrary Ant. Ch. 315. to her Promise he was seiz'd and secur'd And he that came out with him undertook to conduct the Enemy into the Castle and accordingly brought in a great Number and with them gain'd one of the highest Rocks within the Fort. And although Attalus and all those with him were far inferiour in Number yet they defended the Place couragiously fighting valiantly every day till at length they fell into the Enemies hands after a Siege of Sixteen Months CHAP. II. Antigonus marches after Eumenes to Tigris Eumenes cuts off many of his Men at Pasitigris Antigonus goes into Media Eumenes comes to Persepolis The Description of Persia Peucestes his great Feast Eumenes his Policy His Tale of the Lion A Battel in Pareteceni between Antigonus and Eumenes Antigonus returns into Media The Story of Ceteus his two Wives striving which should be burnt Eumenes marches to Galiene Cassander to Macedonia Olympias goes to Pydna is there besieg'd The Epirots forsake their King and join with Cassander Antigonus designs to surprize Eumenes who stops his March by a Stratagem The last Battel between them in Gabiene Eumenes basely deliver'd up Antigonus returns to Media The dreadful Earthquakes in the Country of Rhages AFterwards Democlides was chief Governor at Athens and Caius Junius and Quinius Olymp. 116. 1. Ant. Ch. 314. An. M. 3634. Antigonus marches after Eumenes to Tigris P.
City Bedys in Bisaltia and there besieg'd him took him and disarm'd him and then upon mutual Pledges of Faith given and taken discharg'd him Being encourag'd upon this account and knowing nothing but that Eumenes was still living and concluding he should be sure of Aid and Relief from Alexander and Polysperchon he refus'd to surrender Amphipolis But as soon as he receiv'd Letters from Olympias whereby she commanded him upon the Faith of his former Engagement to restore the City he observ'd her Commands and Amphipolis surender'd to Cassander deliver'd it up upon assurance of his own Preservation But Cassander perceiving that he was a Man of great Interest by reason of the Honours conferr'd upon him by Alexander and minding to take all such out of the way as might be in a Capacity to make any Disturbance by the help of Crateuas his Kindred he put him also to Death Then he incited the Relations of such as were put to Death by Olympias to prosecute her in the General Assembly of the Macedonians who thereupon very readily comply'd with what they were put on to do and though she her self was not then present nor had any Person there to plead her Cause yet the Macedonians condemn'd her to Die Cassander thereupon sent some of his Friends to Olympias and advis'd her to get out of the way and promis'd to procure for her a Ship and cause her to be convey'd safe to Athens And this he did not as any ways minding her Preservation but as one conscious of her own Guilt by her flight it might be judg'd a just Vengeance upon her if she perish'd and was cut off as she was in her Voyage For he was afraid as well of the Fickleness of the Macedonians as of the Dignity of her Person But Olympias refus'd to fly but said She was ready to defend her Cause before all the Macedonians Cassander therefore fearing lest the People calling to mind the worthy Acts and Kindnesses of Philip and Alexander towards the whole Nation should change their Minds and so take upon them to defend the Queen sent to her a Band of Two hundred Soldiers Ant. Ch. 314. well Arm'd and Accouter'd with Orders to dispatch her forthwith who rushing on a Cassander kills Olympias sudden into the Palace as soon as they saw her in Reverence to her Person drew back without executing what they were commanded But the Kindred of those she P. 699. had put to Death both to ingratiate themselves with Cassander and likewise to gratify their own Revenge for the Death of their Relations cut her Throat she not in the least crying out in any Womanish Terror or Fear to spare her In this manner died Olympias the greatest and most honourable Woman in the Age wherein she liv'd Daughter of Neoptolimus King of Epirus Sister of * Sister of Alexander that is Pyrrhus Alexander who made the Expedition into Italy Wife of Philip the greatest and most victorious Prince of all that ever were before in Europe and lastly the Mother of Alexander who never was exceeded by any for the many great and wonderful Things that were done by him Cassander now seeing all Things go on according to his Heart's Desire in his Hopes and Expectations was already possess'd of the Kingdom of Macedon He therefore now marries Thessalonices Daughter of Philip and Sister of Alexander by the same Father ambitious Marries Thessalonices to be related in Affinity and esteem'd as one of the Royal Family He built likewise Cassandria calling it after his own Name in †Builds Cassandria Pallene and Peopled it by Inhabitants Ant. Ch. 314. drawn out of the Cities of the * The Chersonesus of Pallene in Thrace Chersonesus and out of Potidea and many other neighbouring Cities and plac'd there likewise those Olynthians that were left of whom there were still a considerable Number To this City he laid a large and rich Territory and made it his earnest Care to advance the Glory and Splendour of this Place so that it grew up in a short time to that degree of Power as to excell all the Cities of Macedonia Cassander likewise minding to cut off all the Posterity of Alexander that there might be none of his Line left to succeed in the Kingdom purpos'd to kill the Son of Alexander and Roxana his Mother But for the present being willing first to observe what People's Discourses were concerning the cutting off of Olympias and having as yet no certain Account how Things went with Antigonus he committed Roxana and her Son close Prisoners to the Castle at Amphipolis under the Charge of Glaucias then by him made Imprisons Roxana and her Son Alexander Ant. Ch. 314. Governor and one of his Friends in whom he plac'd great Confidence He likewise took away from the young King those Children that were bred up with him as his Companions and order'd that he should be no longer attended as a King nor regarded otherwise than as a private Person And now Ruling the Kingdom in all Things as King he Royally and Sumptuously Interr'd at Aegis Eurydice and Philip the late King and Queen and Cinna whom Alcetas had put to Death gracing the Dead with the Solemnity of Funeral Sports and Plays Then he rais'd Soldiers out of Macedonia for the Expedition resolv'd upon into Peloponnesus While he was employ'd in these Affairs Polysperchon who was then besieg'd in Naxius in Perrebea when he heard of the Death of Olympias in despair of retrieving of his Affairs in Macedonia with a few in his Company broke out of the City and pass'd through Thessaly together with Aeacides and came into Aetolia where he judg'd he might safely abide and observe how Things went for that there was a good Understanding between him and this Nation But Cassander having now rais'd a considerable Army marches out of Macedonia with an Cassander's Expedition into Peloponnesus against Alexander the Son of Polysperchon Ant. Ch. 314. intent to drive Alexander the Son of Polysperchon out of Peloponnesus For he with his Army was the only Enemy left and had possess'd himself of many convenient Posts and Towns there Through Thessaly he march'd without any opposition but found the Pass at Pylas guarded by the Etolians whom having with much difficulty beaten off he came into Boeotia where getting all the Thebans together that were remaining from all Parts he set upon repeopling of Thebes conceiving now he had a fair opportunity put into his hands for the rebuilding of that City famous both for its renowned Actions and the ancient Stories concerning it And by so good a Work he concluded he should reap the Fruit of an Immortal Fame and Glory This City had felt very many Changes and Turns of Fortune and those to the utmost The History of Thebes Extremity being sometimes in danger of being raz'd to the Ground Of which to say something briefly will not be any foreign Digression After Deucolion's Flood
when Cadmus had built the Cittadel call'd Cadmea after his own P. 700. Name the People call'd Spartans or Sparsans flock'd thither in droves call'd so by some because they flock'd together from all Places others call'd them * Born at Thebes Thebigens because the Natives of Thebes were forc'd away by the Flood and dispers'd here and there up and down in the Country When these were again return'd they were afterwards expell'd by force of Arms by the Enchâ—lensians and then even Cadmus himself was forc'd to fly to the Illyrians After this when Amphion and Zethus rul'd and there first built the City as the * Homer Poet says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Who first Thebes Walls with Seven Gates did raise Ant. Ch. 314. The Inhabitants were again expuls'd when Polydorus the Son of Cadmus return'd into the Kingdom where all Things were then carelesly manag'd by reason of the sad Condition of * His 7 Sons and 7 Daughters by Niobe were kill'd by Jupiter and Diana with Arrows Paus in Boet. Diod. lib. 4. Amphion for the Loss of all his Children Then again in the time of the Reign of his †The Posterity of Polydorus Posterity when all the Country was call'd Boeotia from one Boeotus the Son of Melanippes and Neptune who reign'd there the Thebans were expell'd the third time by the ‖ The Posterity of the 7 Captains who besieg'd Thebes Epigoni of Argos when they took the City by force Those that escap'd of those that were expell'd fled to Alalcomenia and the Mountain Tilphosius but after the Death of these Argives they return'd into their own Country ‡ This Story of the Crows is That the Oracle said the Boeotians should be expell'd when they saw white Crows which happen'd afterward by playful Boys painting Crows white and then letting them go A little while after the Boeotians were ejected by the Aeolians See the Annot. upon Erasm Adag Ad Corvos p. 374. In the time of the Trojan War when the Thebans were in Asia those who stay'd at home together with other Boeotians were expell'd by the Pelasgians and after they had endur'd many and various Calamities in the course of near four Generations according to the Oracle relating to the Crows they return'd and inhabited Thebes From this time this City continu'd in a State of Prosperity near Eight hundred Years And the Thebans at the beginning had the chief Command over all the rest of their Country Afterwards when they attempted to be Sovereign Lords of all Greece Alexander the Son of Philip took it by Storm and raz'd it to the Ground In the Twentieth Year next after Cassander to make himself Famous and advance his own Reputation he so Ant. Ch 314. far prevaiâ—d with the Boeotians for their Concurrence as that he rebuilt the City and restor'd Cassander rebuilds Thebes it to those Thebans that were then remaining of the old Stock Many of the Greek Cities afforded their Assistance to the rebuilding of this Place out of Compassion to the distressed Condition of the Thebans and the ancient Fame and Glory of the City The Athenians built the greatest part of the Walls and others assisted according to their several Abilities and Contributions were sent not only from all Parts of Greece but from some both in Sicily and Italy And thus the Thebans came to be restor'd to the ancient Seat of their Ancestors Then Cassander mov'd with his Army towards Peloponnesus and when he found that Alexander the Son of Polysperchon had fortify'd the Isthmus with strong Guards he turn'd aside to Megara and there he fitted out some Boats and in them transported his Elephants to Epidaurus and the rest of his Army in other Ships Thence coming to Argos he forc'd them to quit their Confederacy with Alexander and join with him Afterwards he brought over to him all the Cities and Towns with the Territories of Messina except Ithom and Hermonides he took in upon Articles of Agreement But upon Alexander's marching down to fight he left Two thousand Men at * Geraneia a Hill near the Istmos in Megaris Geraneia near the Istmos under the Command of Molycus and and return'd into Macedonia CHAP. IV. Antigonus his Army feasted by Seleucus in Babylon Falls out with Seleucus who flies to Ptolemy and is kindly receiv'd Ptolemy Seleucus Cassander and Lysimachus join against Antigonus They send Ambassadors to him who Winters in Cilicia He goes into Phoenicia and there builds Ships besieges Tyre The Praise of Phyla Wife of Demetrius Aristodemus raises Forces for Antigonus in Peloponnesus The Acts of Ptolemy one of Antigonus his Captains Antigonus his Policy Tyre deliver'd The Agreement of Ptolemy's Captains and the rest at Cyprus The Acts of Seleucus A Fleet comes to Antigonus from the Hellespont and Rhodes Things done in Peloponnesus Cassander's Acts there and in Greece The great Victory by Sea and Land obtain'd by Polyclitus Seleucus his Lieutenant He 's rewarded by Ptolemy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily The Romans War with the Samnites AT the end of the former Year Praxibulus was created chief Magistrate at Athens P. 701. Olymp. 116. 2. Ant. Ch. 313. An. M. 3657. Antigonus comes to Babylon his whole Army feasted by Seleucus and Spurius Nautius and Marcus Popilius bore the Office of Consuls at Rome at which time Antigonus left one Aspisa a Native Governor of Susiana He himself resolving to carry away with him all the Monies prepar'd Carriages and Camels for that purpose to bring it down to the Sea-side and so having it along with him march'd with his Army towards Babylon which he reach'd in Two and twenty days March where Seleucus the Governor of the Provinces received him with Royal Presents and feasted the whole Army But when Antigonus demanded an Account of the Revenue he told them He was not bound to give any Account of that Province which the Macedonians had bestow'd upon him as a Reward of his Service in Alexander's Life-time The Difference growing wider and wider every day Seleucus remembring Pitho's fall was thereupon the more afraid lest Antigonus should catch an Opportunity to put him also to Death For he seem'd to have a Design to cut off as soon as possible he could all Men in Power and such as were in a Capacity to struggle for the chief Command Whereupon for fear of the worst he forthwith made away with Fifty Horse only in his Company intending to go into Egypt to Ptolemy For his Kindess and courteous Behaviour Falls out with Seleucus who flies to Ptolemy Ant. Ch. 313. towards all that came to him for Protection and Shelter was cry'd up in every Place When Antigonus came to understand this he rejoic'd exceedingly in that he was not forc'd to destroy his Friend and potent Confederate but that Seleucus by his own voluntary Banishment had seem'd to deliver up the Province of his own accord without a Stroke struck Afterwards the Caldeans came
to him and foretold That if Seleucus got absolutely away he should be Lord of all Asia and that in a Battel between them Antigonus himself Caldean South 〈◊〉 should be kill'd Whereupon being sorry that he had let him go he sent some away to pursue him but having follow'd him some little way they return'd as they went Antigonus was wont to slight these kind of Divinations in other Men but at this time he was so amaz'd and affrighted with the high Esteem and Reputation of these Men that he was very much disturb'd in his Thoughts For they were judg'd to be Men very expert and skilful through their exact and diligent Observation of the Stars And they affirm that they and their Predecessors have study'd this Art of Astrology for above Twenty thousand Years And what they had foretold concerning Alexander's Death if he enter'd into Babylon was found true by late Experience And in truth as those Predictions concerning Alexander came afterwards to pass so what they now said relating to Seleucus were likewise in due time accomplish'd Of which we shall treat particularly when we come to the Times proper for that purpose Seleucus when he was got safe into Egypt was entertain'd by Ptolemy with all the Expressions of Kindness and Affection that might be where he bitterly complain'd against Ant. Ch. 313. Seleucus kindly receiv'd by Ptolemy Antigonus affirming that his Design was to expel all Persons of eminent Quality out of their Provinces and especially such as were in Service under Alexander which he back'd with Arguments from Pitho's being put to Death and Peucestes being depriv'd of the Government of Persia and from the Usage he himself had lately met with and all these though they had never done any thing to deserve it but rather upon all Occasions perform'd all the Acts of Kindness and Service to him that was in their Power and this was the Reward of all they reap'd from their Service He reckon'd up likewise the Strength of his Forces his great Treasure and his late Successes which so puff'd him up that he was in hopes to gain the Sovereign Command over all the Macedonians Ptolemy Seleucus Cassander and Lysimachus join against Antigonus P. 702. Ant. Ch. 313. Having by these Arguments stirr'd up Ptolemy to make War against him he sent some of his Friends over into Europe to prevail with Cassander and Lysimachus with the like Arguments to appear in Arms against Antigonus Which Orders being forthwith executed Foundations were laid for a mighty War which afterwards follow'd Antigonus upon many probable Conjectures conceiving what was Seleucus his design sent Ambassadors to Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus to desire them that the ancient Friendship might be preserv'd and maintain'd amongst them And then having made Pithon who came out of India Lord-Lieutenant of the Province of Babylon he broke up Antigonus Winters in Cilicia his Camp and march'd towards Cilicia As soon as he came to * In Cilicia Mallos he distributed his Army into Winter-Quarters about the Month of †After the sâ—tting of Orion November And he receiv'd out of the Treasury in the City of Quindi Ten thousand Talents and Eleven thousand Talents out of the yearly Revenues of that Province So that he was very formidable both in respect of his great Forces and the vastness of his Treasure And now being remov'd into the Upper Syria Ambassadors came to him from Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus Ambassadors sent to him from Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus who being introduc'd as he sate in Council demanded all Cappadocia and Lycia to be be deliver'd up to Cassander Phrygia bordering upon the Hellespont to Lystmachus all Syria to Ptolemy and the Province of Babylon to Seleucus and all the common Stock of Moneys which he had incroach'd upon since the Battel with Eumenes to be shar'd equally amongst them which if he refus'd then they were to let him know that their Ant. Ch. 3â—3 Masters intended with their joint Forces to make War upon him Whereunto he answer'd roughly That he was now making a War upon Ptolemy and thereupon the Ambassadors return'd without any effect of their Embassy And upon this Answer Ptolemy Cassander and Lysimachus entred into a League amongst themselves and gathered their Forces together and made it their business to provide Arms and all other things necessary for the War And now Antigonus perceiving how many great and potent Adversaries had confederated against him and what a Storm was ready to fall upon him sought the Alliance and Confederacy of other Cities Nations and Princes and to this purpose dispatch'd away Agisilaus to the King of Cyprus Idomineus and Moschion to Rhodes and one Ptolemy his own Brother's Son with an Army to raise the Siege of Amisus in Cappadocia and to drive out those that were sent thither by Cassander He commanded him likewise to go to the Hellespont and fall upon Cassander if he attempted to pass over out of Europe into Asia He sent away likewise Aristodemus the Milesian with a thousand Talents with Orders to enter into a League of Amity with Alexander and Polysperchon and to hire Soldiers and make War upon Cassander And he himself dispos'd Becons and Courriers throughout all Asia which was wholly at his Command hereby to give and get Knowledge of all things that pass'd and to manage his Affairs with the greater Expedition Having taken this Order he marches into Phaenicia to provide a Fleet For at that He goes into Phenicia and there builds Ships Ant. Ch. 313. time the Enemy had the Command of the Sea being furnish'd with abundance of Shipping when he himself had not one Encamping near to Tyre with design to Besiege it he sent for the petty Kings of Phaenicia and Governors of Syria and dealt with them to join with him in the Building of Ships because all the Ships that belong'd to Phaenicia were then with Ptolemy in Aegypt He gave them likewise Order to bring him with all speed Four Millions and Five hundred thousand Bushels of Wheat for to so much came the yearly Expence of his Army Then he got together Hewers of Timber Sawers and Ship Carpenters from all Parts and caus'd Timber to be brought down from Mount Lebanon to the Sea-side employing therein Eight thousand Men to Work and a Thou-Beasts for Carriage This Mount runs through Tripolis Byblia and Sidonia and abounds in most beautiful tall Cedars and Cypress Trees He appointed three Arsenals in Phaenicia P. 703. one at Tripolis another at Byblia and the Third at Sidon a Fourth he had in Cilicia whither Timber was brought from Mount Taurus and a Fifth in Rhodes where the Inhabitants suffer'd him to build Ships of Timber convey'd thither at his own Charge While Antigonus was thus employ'd and lay Encamp'd by the Sea side Seleucus came with a Fleet of an Hundred Sail out of Aegypt quick Sailers and Royally furnish'd and in a scornful manner skirr'd under the
the Kings in Cyprus yet he hastned away Ptolemy sends Men into Cyprus many more to reduce those who had there sided against him Those sent were Ten thousand under the Command of Myrmidon an Athenian born and an Hundred sail of Ships Commanded by Polyclitus And the General over all he made his Brother Menelaus These coming into Cyprus join'd then with Seleucus and his Fleet and in a Council of War advis'd what course was fit to be taken The Result of which was that Polyclitus with Fifty sail should pass into Peloponnesus and there should make War upon Aristodemus Polysperchon and his Son Alexander That Myrmidon should go with an Army of Foreigners The Agreement of the Captains of Ptolemy and the rest at Cyprus P. 705. The Acts of Seleucus into Caria there to help Cassander against Ptolemy a Captain of Antigonus who pressed hard upon him and that Seleucus and Menelaus staying in Cyprus should bear up Nicocreon the King and the rest of their Confederates against their Enemies Having thus therefore divided their Forces Seleucus went and took Cyrinia and Lapithus and having drawn over Stasiecus King of the Malenses to his Party he forc'd the Prince of the Amathusians to give him Hostages for his Fealty for the time to come As for the City Citium seeing it would come to no Agreement with him he fell to besiege it with his whole Army About the same time came Forty Ships out of the Hellespont and Rhodes under the Command of one Themison their Admiral to Antigonus and after them came Dioscorides Ant. Ch. 313. A Fleet comes to antigonus from Hellespont and Rhodes with Fourscore more though Antigonus had already a Navy of his own new built in Phenicia to the Number of an Hundred and twenty Ships with those that he left at Tyre so that he had in the whole Two hundred and forty Men of War of which there were Ninety of four Tire of Oars Ten of Five Three of Nine Ten of Ten and Thirty open Gallies Antigonus dividing this Navy into Squadrons sent Fifty of them into Peloponnesus and the rest he committed to Dioscorides his own Brother's Son with this Charge That he should guard the Seas and help his Friends as their occasion requir'd and that he should gain unto his Party such of the Islands as hitherto stood out against him And in this Posture stood the Affairs of Antigonus And now having related the things done throughout all Asia we shall give a particular Account of the Affairs of Europe Apolenides being made Commander of the Argives by Cassander in the Night broke into Arcadia Things done in Peloponnesus and surpriz'd the * The City Stymphalus near the Stymphalian Lake City of the Stymphalions And while he was absent some of the Argives Enemies to Cassander corresponded with Alexander the Son of Polysperchon and promis'd to deliver up the †Argos City into his Hands But Alexander being too slow Apolonides comes to Argos before him and surpriz'd Five hundred of the Conspirators that were in a Senate in the * A public Place where the great Mâ—n us'd to Sacrifice or a Place where a Court was held belonging to the Senate The Acts of Cassander in Peloponnesus and elsewhere Prytaneum and kept them in and burnt them there alive most of the rest he banish'd and some few more he took and put to Death Cassander having intelligence that Aristodemus was arriv'd in Peloponnesus and that he had listed there great numbers of Soldiers in the first place sought to draw off Polysperchon from Antigonus but not being able to prevail he march'd with an Army through Thessaly and came into Boeotia where having assisted the Thebans in raising of their Walls he pass'd into Peloponnesus and first having taken Cencrea he Spoil'd and Harrass'd all the Territory of Corinth Then he took two Castles by Storm and upon future Faith and Allegiance dismiss'd all the Garison Soldiers that were plac'd there by Alexander Afterwards he besieg'd Orchomenon and being let into the Town by Alexander's Enemies he put a Garison into the City Those that sided with Alexander took Sanctuary in Diana's Temple whom he gave up to the Citizens to do with them as they thought fit whereupon the Orchomenians drew them all out of the Temple by Force and against the common Laws of Greece put them all to Death Cassander went thence into Messenia but finding the City strongly Garison'd by Polysperchon he thought not fit for the present to besiege it but march'd into Arcadia where he left Damides Governor of the * City Stamphalus Vid. p. 705. City and return'd to †Argia P. 706. Argolides and there celebrated the Nem'an Games and return'd into Macedonia When he was gone Alexander with Aristodemus lay before the Cities in Peloponnesus to expell the Garisons of Cassander and endeavour'd all he could to restore the Cities to their Liberties Which coming to the Ears of Cassander he sent to him Prepelaus to work upon him to desert Antigonus and enter into a League of Friendship and Amity with himself promising that if he would do so he would give him the Sovereign Command of all Peloponnesus and create him General of the Army and would advance him to high Places of Honour and Preferment Alexander seeing he was now like to attain that for which from the beginning he made War upon Cassander enters into a League with him and so is made General of all the Forces in Peloponnesus In the mean while Polyclitus Secleucus his Lieutenant sailing from Cyprus came to Cencrea where hearing of the Defection of Alexander and finding no Enemy there to The great Victory both by Sea and Land obtain'd by Polyclitus Seleucus his Lieutenant Encounter he chang'd his Course and set sail for Pamphylia and from thence arriving at Aphrodisiades in Cilicia he there understood that Theodotus Admiral of Antigonus his Navy pass'd by from Patara a Port in Lycia with the Rhodian Fleet furnish'd with Mariners out of Caria and that Perilaus with a Land-Army coasted along by the Shore for the defence of the Fleet if need should be In this case he out-witted them both for he Landed his Men in a Place out of view where the Land-Army must of necessity pass and himself with the Fleet went and lay behind a Foreland waiting for the coming of the Énemy there the Enemy's Foot fell into an Ambush and Perilaus himself being taken Prisoner and his Men all either kill'd or taken The Fleet at Sea seeing the Land-Army engag'd hasted to their Relief but then Polyclitus coming upon them in this Confusion with his Ships drawn up in a Line of Battel put them easily to flight so that Polyclitus took all their Ships and most part of the Men in them and amongst the rest Theodotus Ant. Ch. 313. himself their Admiral sorely martyr'd with Wounds of which he shortly after died Polyclitus having sped so well on all hands
sail'd back first to Cyprus and then to * In Aegypt Pelusium where Ptolemy richly rewarded him for so great a Service and withal promoted him to a far higher Dignity and Place of Honour than he was in before as the Author He 's highly rewarded by Ptolemy of so great a Victory But releas'd Perilaus and some other Prisoners which Antigonus desir'd by a Messenger sent to him for that purpose And then himself going to a Place call'd Ecregma came to a Parly with Antigonus but Antigonus refusing to grant him what he demanded he left him and return'd Having now given an account of the Affairs of the European Greeks both in Greece and Macedonia we shall run over to the Parts lying towards the West Agathocles Prince of Syracuse having possess'd himself of a Castle belonging to the Messenians promis'd to restore it upon receiving of Thirty Talents of Silver Which The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily when the Messenians had paid he not only broke his Faith but endeavour'd to have seiz'd upon Messina it self For being inform'd that part of the Walls were fallen down he sent a Party of Horse by Land from Syracuse and he himself in some Ships call'd * Barks or Frignts Hemiolias went by Sea and arriv'd in the Night close under the Walls of the City But they coming to understand his Design before-hand wholly defeated him in what he had contriv'd However He came to Mylas and upon laying Siege to the Castle had it Ant. Ch. 313. deliver'd up to him and then return'd to Syracuse In Harvest-time he made a second attempt upon Messina and Encamping near the City made continual Assaults but was not able to effect any thing considerable For many Exiles were flock'd into this Place from Syracuse who both for the sake of their own Preservation and out of Hatred to the Tyrant fought most Courageously About this time came Ambassadors from Carthage arguing the Case with Agathocles and complaining of the Breach of Articles and making Peace with the Messenians they forc'd the Tyrant to restore the * Mylas P. 707. Castle and then sail'd back into Africa After which Agathocles went to Abecenus one of his Confederate Cities and there he put to Death Forty whom he look'd upon to be his Enemies In these times the Romans were at War with the Samnites and took Ferentum by Storm and the Inhabitants of Nuceria call'd Alphatema were by the Persuasions of some Persons prevail'd with to desert the Romans and join in League with the Samnites CHAP. V. The Acts of Aristodemus Antigonus his General in Peloponnesus The Dimeans in Achaia seek to free themselves from Cassander's Garison They take the Cittadel Alexander Son of Polysperchon Assassinated The praise of Cratesipolis his Wife The Acts of Cassander in Etolia and other Parts of Greece The Cruelty of the Etolians Cassander sends an Army into Caria and Aristotle with a Fleet to Lemnos The Acts of Cassander's Army in Caria Antigonus Leaves his Son Demetrius in Syria to watch Ptolemy His troublesome March into Asia The Affairs of Sicily Acrotatus his Misgovernment and Cruelties in Sicily The Acts of Agathocles The Affairs of Italy WHEN the former year was ended Nichodorus was created Archon at Athens and Olymp. 116. 3. Ant. Ch. 312. An. M. 3658. Lucius Papirius chosen the Fourth and Quintus Publius the second time Consul at Rome At that time Aristodemus made General by Antigonus hearing of the Defection of Alexander the Son of Polysperchon after he had open'd the Justice of the Cause before the Senate of the Etolians sollicited them to be assistant to the Affairs of Antigonus Then passing into Peloponnesus with the Mercenaries found Alexander with the Eleans besieging Aristodemus raises the Siege of Cyllene The Acts of Aristodemus in Peloponnesus Cyllene and coming in nick of time rais'd the Siege and then leaving a Garison to defend the Place he mov'd towards Actria and frees Patras from the Garison of Cassander but Egeum he took by Force and being possess'd of the Place was ready to restore the Egeans to their Liberty according to the former Decree but that he was prevented by this Accident The Soldiers began to Plunder and upon that occasion many of the Citizens were kill'd and the greatest part of the Town was burnt down to the Ground After which he sail'd back into Etolia the Dymeans who were aw'd by a Garison Ant. Ch. 312. Of Dyme in Achaia The Dimeans seek to free themselves from Cassander's Garison of Cassander's in the Castle separated their City from the Cittadel by a Wall drawn round it and encouraging one another to stand up for their Liberties besieg'd the Castle and infested it with continual Assaults Of which Alexander receiving Intelligence he came upon them with his Army on a sudden and drave them within their Walls and enter'd pell-mell with them into the City and took it Some of the Dymeans he put to the Sword others he Imprison'd and many of them he Banish'd After Alexander went away the rest of them were quiet for a little while being both terrify'd with the greatness of the late Calamity and likewise wanting the Assistance of their Confederates But some time after they made application to Aristodemus his Mercenaries who march'd to them from Egeum Whereupon they again assaulted the Cittadel and took it and freed the City and put many of the Garison to the Sword and put to Death such of their own Citizens as favour'd Alexander's Party Amongst these Turns and Changes of Fortune while Alexander with his Army was Alexander Son of Polyspachon kill'd marching from Sycion he was kill'd by Alexion a Sycionian and some others who pretended themselves to be his Friends His Wife Cratesipolis after his Death took upon her the Management of Affairs and kept the Army in due Obedience Her obliging Carriage and Bounty was such as that she was greatly belov'd of the Soldiers for she The praise of Cratesipolis Wife of Alexander Son of Polysperchon was continually affording all the help she could to them that were in Distress and relieving and supporting many that were in Want Besides she was a Woman of admirable Prudence in managing Affairs and of Courage beyond the natural Temper of her Sex For when the Sycionians in contempt of her after the Death of her Husband rose up in Arms for the Recovery of their Liberty she executed her Revenge by cutting off Multitudes Ant. Ch. 312. of them in a Field-battel and crucify'd Thirty of those she had taken Prisoners and so having settled the Affairs of the City she reign'd over the Sycionians having under her Command multitudes of Soldiers ready upon all occasions for any Undertaking though never so hazardous And this was then the State and Condition of Peloponnesus Cassander perceiving that the Etolians assisted Antigonus and were then likewise engag'd in a War with their Neighbours the Acarnanians judg'd that the most probable way to
know the Issue of the Matters of Fact Yet it 's no ways to be disapprov'd for such as desire to be cry'd up for Eloquent Orators to compose publick Orations and Speeches made by Ambassadors and Panegyricks of Praise and Dispraise and such like For they that manage both Parts well and distinctly in a modest Stile are justly to be prais'd and commended in both kinds of the Discourse But there are some who so over-abound in Rhetorical Flourishes that they make their whole History but as an Appendix as it were to the other For such tedious manner of Writing is not only troublesome but in this respect likewise is to be condemn'd That although the Writer seem in other things to have hit the Mark yet by this kind of Writing he seems to straggle and wander from the due Course both of Time and Place And therefore they who read such sort of Writings partly pass over such artificial and fram'd Discourses though they are never so pat and fit to the Purpose and partly tir'd out with the tedious and unseasonable artificial Digression of the Author leave off reading altogether For the Nature of History is simple and in every part agreeable to it self like to the Body of a living Creature where the Cutting off of one Member is the Deformity of the whole On the other side that which is duly and orderly Compos'd keeps within its proper Bounds and the Coherence of the Whole affords a clear and pleasant View and Understanding of the Matter in the Reading However we do not altogether abandon Rhetorick and Oratorical Flourishes out of History For because it ought to be adorn'd with Variety it s absolutely necessary in some Places to insert these Speeches and Orations And I my self would not be depriv'd of making use of them upon such Occasions and therefore when the Circumstances of the Matter related are such as that the Speech of an Ambassador or the Harangue of a popular Senator or the like fall in naturally and easily he that does not then put himself forth to the utmost in this kind deserves justly to be Censur'd and Condemn'd A Man may be able to give many Reasons why Rhetorical Adornments are often to be made use of For amongst quaint and eloquent Discourses such asare worthy remark and bring Profit and Advantage along with them together with the History are by no means negligently to be pass'd over Or when the Subject treated of is high and lofty of things Famous and Remarkable then it 's very unbecoming and not in the least to be endur'd that the manner of Expression should sink meanly below the greatness of the Acts related It may be likewise necessary when some extraordinary Event happens so as that we are forc'd to make use of words adapted to the Occasion in order to clear up and make plain the dark and intricate Grounds and Reasons of such an Accident But what we have said of these things shall suffice and we shall now proceed to the Relation of those Affairs we before design'd first observing the Time where we are now fallen in the Course of our History In the former Books we have treated of the Affairs both of the Greeks and Barbarians from the most ancient Times till the Tear next preceding the Expedition of Agathocles into Africa From the Sacking of Troy to which time are P â—â—4 run up Eight hundred fourscore and three Years and something more In this Book we shall go on with things next in Course and coherent with the former Relation and begin with the Descent of Agathocles into Africa and end with that year wherein the Kings agreed to join together in a Common War against Antigonus the Son of Philip comprehending the Transactions of Nine years CHAP. I. Agathocles designs to invade Africa His Cruelty Pursu'd in his Voyage An Eclipse of the Sun very great Lands in Africa Burns his Ships His successes in Africa Hanno and Bomilcar made Generals in Africa Battel between them and Agathocles who routs them Kills Hanno His stratagem by Owls The Cruel Superstition of the Carthaginians in sacrificing their Children The Actions at Syracuse Actions of Agathocles in Africa The Acts of Cassander in Macedonia Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules Alexander's Son The miserable Destruction of Nichocles and his Family in Cyprus The Wars of Parysidas his Sons King of the Cimerean Bosphorus The Valour of Satyrus one of the Sons His Death The sad Death of Eumelus another Son IN the Chancellorship of Hieromnemones at Athens and the Consulship of Caius Julius Olymp. 117. 1. Ant. Ch. 308. and Quintus Aemilius at Rome Agathocles being routed at Himera in Sicily by the Carthaginians and having lost the greatest and best Part of his Army fled to Syracuse where perceiving that he was for saken of all his Consederates and that the Barbarians had got into their hands almost all Sicily except Syracuse and that they far over-power'd him by their Forces both by Sea and Land undertook a very Rash and desperate Adventure For when all were of Opinion that it was not adviseable for him in the least to endeavour to contend with the Carthaginians he even then resolv'd to leave a strong Garison Agathocles intends to invade Africa in the City and with the Choicest of the rest of his Forces to make a Descent into Africa and by that means he hop'd by his Old and and experienc'd Soldiers easily to vanquish the Carthaginians who through a long Peace were grown Soft and Delicate and unexpert in their Arms and besides hereby he thought that their Confederates who had been for a long time very uneasie under the Yoke of their Government would take an occasion to Revolt And which most induc'd him was That by this sudden and unexpected Invasion he should load himself with the Spoils of a Country that was never before harrass'd and that abounded in the Confluence of all forts of Worldly Blessings And to sum up all That he should by this Course draw the Barbarians not only out of his own Country but out of all Sicily and transfer the War entirely over into Africa which happen'd accordingly For without advising with any of his Friends he made Antandrus his Brother Governor of the City leaving with him a considerable Garrison he himself Listed what Soldiers he thought fit for his purpose ordering the Foot to be ready with Arms at Ant. Ch. 308. the first Call and commanded the Horsemen that besides Arms they should every one carry along with them a Saddle and Bridle that when ever he could get Horses he might have have those ready to mount them who were furnish'd with all things encessary for that purpose For in the late Battle most of his Foot were cut off but most of his Horse escap'd but their Horses he could not transport into Africa And to prevent all stirrs and commotions in order to a defection in Syracuse in his absence he divided Kindred and Relations
were sound But after that they came to understand that the Canopy plac'd upon the Chariot was the Occasion of his Death every one concluded that the Prophecy was fulfill'd But this shall suffice concerning the Affairs of the Bosphorus In Italy the Roman Consuls enter'd the Country of the * In the Greek Italy is for Samnium and Italium for Talium Samnites with an Army and P. 746. routed them in a Battel at Talius But the routed Party afterwards possessing themselves of an Hill and the Night drawing on the Romans retreated to their Camp but the next day the Fight was renew'd and great numbers of the Samnites were slain and above Two thousand and Two hundred were taken Prisoners The Romans being thus successful now quietly enjoy'd whatever they had in the open Field and brought under all the revolting Cities and plac'd Garisons in Cataracta and Ceraunia Places they had taken by Assault and others they reduc'd upon Terms and Conditions CHAP. II. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander ' s Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The Transactions in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles ' s Son kills Lysiscus he and his Son in in great Danger by the Army Affairs in Italy The Works of Appius Claudius the Appian Way Ptolemy comes to Corinth his Acts there Cleopatra Alexander ' s Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamias ' s Cruelty and the Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy WHen Demetrius Phalerius was Lord Chancellor of Athens Quintus Fabius the second Olymp. 117. 4. Ant. Ch. 307. time and Caius Martius were invested with the Consular Dignity at Rome At that time Ptolemy King of Egypt hearing that his Captains had lost all the Cities again in Cilicia put over with his Fleet to Phaselis and took that City by Force and from thence The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and other Places Ant. Ch. 307. passing into Lycia took Xanthus by Assault and the Garison of Antigonus that was therein Then sailing to Caunus took the City by Surrender and then set upon the Citadels and Forts that were in it and took them by Assaults As for Heracleum he utterly destroy'd it and the City Persicum came into his Hands by the Surrender of the Soldiers that were put to keep it Then sailing to Coos he sent for Ptolemy the Captain who was Antigonus his Brother's Son and had an Army committed to him by Antigonus But now forsaking his Uncle he clave to Ptolemy and join'd with him in all his Affairs Putting therefore from Cholcis and arriving at Coos Ptolemy the King at first receiv'd him very courteously yet after a while when he saw the Insolency of his Carriage and how he went to allure the Officers by Gifts and held secret Cabals with them for fear of the worst he clap'd him up in Prison and there poison'd him with a Draught of Hemlock As for the Soldiers that came with him he made them his own by large Promises and distributed them by small Parcels among his Army Whilst these Things were acting Polysperchon having rais'd a great Army restor'd Hercules the Son of Alexander begotten upon Barsinoe to his Father's Kingdom And while he lay encamp'd at Stymphalia Cassander came up with his Army and both encamp'd near one to another Neither did the Macedonians grudge to see the Restoration of their King Cassander therefore fearing lest the Macedonians who are naturally Inconstant should Revolt to Hercules sent an Agent to Polysperchon chiefly to advise him concerning the Business Ant. Ch. 307. of the King If the King was restor'd he told him he must be sure to be under the Commands of others but if he would assist him and kill the young Man he should enjoy the same Privileges and Honours in Macedonia that ever he had before And besides that he should have the Command of an Army that he should be declar'd Generalissimo of Peloponnesus and that he should share in the Principality and be in equal Honour with Cassander At length he so caught and ensnar'd Polysperchon with many large Promises that they enter'd into a secret Combination and Polysperchon undertook to murder the young King which he accordingly effected upon which Polysperchon openly Polysperchon betrays and murders Hercules by Cassander ' s Instigation join'd with Cassander in all his Concerns and was advanced in Macedonia and receiv'd according to the Compact Four thousand Macedonian Foot and Five hundred Thessalian Horse and having listed several other Voluntiers he attempted to pass through Boeotia into Peloponnesus But being oppos'd by the Boeotians and the Peloponnesians he was forc'd to retire and march into Locris where he took up his Winter-Quarters During these Transactions Lysimachus built a City in Chersonesus and call'd it after his own Name Lysimachia Cleomenes King of Lacedaemon now dy'd when he had reign'd Threescore Years and Ten Months and was succeeded by Aretas his Son who Rul'd P. 747. Forty Four Years About this time Amilcar General of the Forces in Sicily having reduc'd the rest of that Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians Ant. Ch. 307. Island marches with his Army to Syracuse as if he would presently gain that City by force of Arms and to that end hindred all Provision from the Town having been a long time Master at Sea and having wasted and destroy'd all the Corn and other Fruits of the Field attempted to possess himself of all the Places about * A strong Fort near the Temple of Jupiter Olympus Olympias lying before the Town Then he resolv'd forthwith to assault the Walls being incourag'd thereunto by the Augur who by viewing of the Intrals of the Sacrifice foretold that he should certainly sup the next day in Syracuse But the Townsmen smelling out the Enemies Design sent out in the night Three thousand Foot and about Four hundred Horse with Orders to possess themselves of * Or Euryalus a Fort upon the highest Point of the Hill over the City call'd the Epipole Euryclus who presently effected what they were commanded to do The Carthaginians thinking to surprize the Enemy fell on about midnight Amilcar commanded the whole Body and led them up having always a strong Party near to support him Dinocrates Master of the Horse follow'd him The Army was divided into two Battalions one of Barbarians and the other of Grecian Confederates A Rabble likewise of divers other Nations follow'd to get what Plunder they could which sort of People as they are of no use in an Army so they are many times the cause of sudden
Ch. 307. and fought and routed the Hetruscans and pursu'd them to their very Camp About ' the same time the Samnites when the Roman Army was abroad at a great distance without the least fear of an Enemy besieg'd the Japyges Allies to the Romans Therefore the Consuls were forc'd to divide their Forces Fabius continu'd in Hetruria but Marcius march'd against the Samnites and took the City of Allita by Storm and freed their Allies from the Siege of Japyges But Fabius while the Hetrurians flock'd in great multitudes to besiege Sutrium slipt secretly by the Enemy through the bordering Country and made an Incursion into the Higher Hetruria which had for a long time been free from all manner of Inroads and Invasions where breaking in upon the sudden he wasted and harass'd the Country up and down and routed those of the Inhabitants that made head against him and kill'd many of them and took a great number of Prisoners Afterwards he overcame and kill'd many of them in another Battel at a Place call'd Perusia and put that People into a great Consternation He was the first of the Romans that ever enter'd with an Army into those Parts But he made Peace with the Arretines and Crotoneans and them of Perusina and taking the City call'd Castula he forc'd the Hetrurians to raise their Siege before Sutrium This Year there were two Censors created at Rome the one of whom was Appius Claudius who with the concurrence of his Collegue Caius Plautius abrogated many of the ancient Laws For to gratifie the People he made no account of the Senate He brought Water which was from him call'd Appia into Rome from Places * About 10 miles fourscore Furlongs distant P. 751. and expended a vast Sum of Money in this Work receiv'd out of the Treasury by Consent of the Senate Then he laid a Causey of hard Stone the greatest part of that way which is from him call'd Appia extending from Rome to Capua a * About 120 miles Thousand Furlongs An 〈…〉 Ch. 307. The Appian 〈◊〉 and upwards and with great Costs and Expence levell'd all the rising Grounds and fill'd up all the Holes and hollow Places making all even and plain but hereby drain'd the Treasury almost of all the Money that was in it And by this his laying out of himself in promoting the Publick Good he left behind him an immortal Memorial He also made up the Senate not only of the Nobility as the ancient Custom was but likewise of the * Such as had been Slaves and were see free Libertines by chusing many of them and mixing them with the other which the Patritians took very heinously Moreover he gave liberty to the Citizens to incorporate themselves into what Tribe they thought fit and to be tax'd in what Rank soever they pleas'd At length perceiving how greatly he was envy'd by the Nobility he avoided the Storm by insinuating himself into the favour of the Common People and making use of them as a Bulwark against the Envy of the Patricians In must ' ring of the Horse he never took any Mans Horse from him neither ever remov'd any Person never so mean out of the Senate that was once chosen when he took an account of the Senators which the Censors us'd to do But the Consuls both out of Envy and to gratifie the Nobility conven'd a Senate of such as were inroll'd by the former Censors and not those that were allow'd by him But the People oppos'd them and sided with Appius and that he might confirm the Advancement of such as were but of mean and obscure Birth he preferr'd one Cains Flavius the Son of a Libertine to the Office of Aedilis and to the highest Place in that Office And this was the first Roman born of a Libertine that ever before was advanc'd to that Honourable Station Appius at length being remov'd out of his Office out of fear of the Senate's Malice kept his House under pretence of being blind Now Charinus was Chief Governor at Athens and the Romans created Publius Decius and Olym. 118. 1. Ant. Ch. 306. An. M. 3642. The Acts of Ptolemy in Corinth and other places Quintus Fabius Consuls And at Elis was celebrated the Hundred and eighteenth Olympiad in which Apollonides of Tegeata bore away the Prize At which time Ptolemy sailing from Myndus along the Islands which lay in his way came to Andros and putting out the Garison that was there restor'd it to her former Liberty Thence he sail'd to the Isthmus and receiv'd Sicyon and Corinth from Cratesipolis But for what reasons and upon what account he took these eminent Cities into his hands we have related in the former Books and therefore we shall forbear repetition He design'd also to restore the rest of the Greek Cities to their Liberties judging that by gaining the Hearts of the Grecians he should very much promote his own Interest But when the Peloponnesians were order'd to provide Money and Victuals but perform'd nothing of what they had agreed to he was so incens'd that he made Peace with Cassander upon this Condition That each of them should retain those Cities they had then in their hands Then having put Garisons into Sicyon and Corinth he return'd into Aegypt In the mean time * Alexander's 〈◊〉 Ant. Ch. 306. Cleopatra being incens'd against Antigonus of her own accord inclin'd to Ptolemy and left Sardis to go to him She was Sister of Alexander the Conqueror of the Persians the Daughter of Philip Son of Amyntas and the Wise of Alexander who undertook an Expedition into Italy And therefore upon the account of the Nobleness of her Birth Cassander Lysunachus Antigonus and Ptolemy and even the Chiefest of Alexander's Captains after his death were every one ambitious to marry her For every one hop'd by this Marriage to draw all the the Macedonians after them and therefore P. 752. each coveted to be related to the Royal Family looking upon that as the way to gain the Sovereign Power and Command over all the rest But the Governour of Sardis whom Antigonus had commanded to retain Cleopatra stopt her Journey and afterwards by Order from Antigonus with the help of some Women privily murther'd her But Antigonus Cleopatra kill'd by the Governour of Sardis who would no ways be thought guilty of her death struck off the Heads of some of those Women for having a hand in her Murder and bury'd her with all the Magnificence that might be And such was the end of Cleopatra before any Solemnization of Marriage who was earnestly coveted as a Wife by all the most Noble Captains and Generals of the Army Having now gone through the Affairs of Asia and Greece we shall pass over to other Parts of the World In Africa the Carthaginians sent an Army against the Numidians who had revolted from them in order to reduce them Upon which Agathocles left his Son Archagathus with Ant. Ch. 306. Agathocles
upon him the Government a Warlike Prince and in all respects accomplish'd for the Kingdom who joining Battle with the Persians and behaving himself with great Gallantry and Resolution was kill'd in the Fight and his Son Ariamnes succeeded him in the Kingdom To whom were born two Sons Ariarathes and Holophernes And after he had Reign'd 50 Years he dyed Holofernes having done nothing memorable and the Elder of his Sons Ariarathes succeeded him who it's said bore so great and tender a Love to his Brother that he advanc'd him to the highest degree of Honour and Preferment And sent him to join with the Persians in the War against the Aegyptians who after return'd loaden with many and large marks of Honour conferr'd upon him by Ochus for his Valour and dy'd in his own Country leaving behind him two Sons Ariarathes and Arysses And that his Brother the King of Cappadocia * Gr. having no legal Issue having no legal Issue adopted Ariarathes his Brother 's Eldest Son About this time Alexander the Macedonian King ruin'd the Persian Empire and presently after dy'd But Perdiccas who had the chief Command sent Eumenes as General into Cappadocia who subdu'd and kill'd Ariarathes and brought Cappadocia and all the bordering Territories into the the power of the Macedonians But Ariarathes the adopted Son of the former King despairing for the present to regain the Kingdom with a few followers fled into Armenia But Eumenes and Berdiccas both dying not long after and Antigonus and Seleucus imbroil'd in War one with another Ariarathes with the help of Arcloathus King of Armenia who furnish'd him with forces routed and kill'd Amyntas the Macedonian General and presently drave all the Macedonians out of the Country and recover'd his Kingdom He had 3 Sons the Eldest of which Ariamnes succeeded him who join'd in affinity with Antiochus Theos and Married his Eldest Son Ariarathes to Stratonice Antiochus his Daughter And for the great love he had to him above all his Children â—e set the Diadem upon his Head and made him Co-parther with him in the Kingdom and after the death of his Father he reign'd alone Then he dying Ariarathes his Son of a very tender Age succeeded He Marry'd Antiochide the Daughter of Antiochus the great a very subtile Woman Who because she bore no Children to make up that defect contriv'd unknown to her Husband a suppositious Birth as if she had Born two Sons which were call'd Ariarathes and Holofernes But not long after she conceiv'd in reality and unexpectedly was deliver'd of two Daughters and one Son call'd Mithridates Upon this she acquainted her Husband with the Imposture and so wrought with him that she prevail'd with him to send away the Eldest of the two Sons with a small Sum of Money to Rome and the other into Ionia lest they should challenge the Kingdom from him that was lawful Heir to the Crown who after he came to Man's Estate its said was call'd Ariarathes and was Educated in all the learning of Greece and was a Person accomplish'd with all manner of Virtuous Endowments That the Father who was wonderfully belov'd by the Son strove all he could to repay his Son's love again And their mutual endear'd affections one towards another went so far that the Father would have given up the whole Kingdom into the Hands of the Son but the Son on the other side told him he could not possibly accept of so great an advantage from living Parents After therefore his Father dy'd he succeeded spending the rest of his life very virtuously and in the study of Philosophy So that Cappadocia which was before little known to the Grecians was now a desireable place of Residence for all learned Men He renew'd the League of Peace and Friendship with the Romans And in this manner is the Pedegree of those that have hitherto reign'd in Cappadocia brought down from Cyrus 4. For Statues are made of such Romans as are of noble Families in near resemblance of the Persons and according to the whole proportion of their Bodies For all their life long they have some who observe their Mien and Deportment and the special remarks of every part exactly Likewise every Mans Ancestor * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stands in that Habit and in those Ornaments and is so clearly represented that every one knows the Person as soon as he looks upon him and to what degree of Honour every one was advanc'd and what Share and Interest they had in the Commonwealth 5. * Rather Fulvius Olymp. 156 4. Ant. Ch. 151. Memmius was sent General with an Army into Spain But the * Lusitanians now Portugals Lusitanians just upon his Landing fell upon him and routed him and cut off most of his Army When this success of the Iberians was nois'd abroad the Araucians who look'd upon themselves to be far better Soldiers than the Iberians slighted and contemn'd the Enemy and upon this ground and confidence chiefly it was that in their general Council they determined to make War upon the Romans * Araucians now of Aurang Out of the 32d BOOK Fragment 1. ALexander fled out of the Fight with 500 Men to a City in Arabia call'd This was Alexander Epiphanes King of Syria and this Battle was with Ptolometor near Antioch Olymp. 158. 3. Ant. Ch. 144. See Mac. 1. Mac. 10. c. Joseph lib. 13. c. 8. Abas to Diocles the Prince there with whom he had before entrusted his Son Antiochus a Child of very tender Age. Afterwards the Chief Commanders who were about Heliades and had been with Alexander plotting to assassinate Alexander sent away some Messengers privately from among themselves promising secretly to Murder him Demetrius consenting to what they propos'd they became both Traitors and Murderers of their Prince We might be justly condemn'd if we should pass in silence that which happen'd before the death of Alexander tho' for the strangeness of the thing it be scarce credible King Alexander a little before these times consulted with the Oracle in Silicia where they say is the Temple of Apollo of Sarpedon and it is reported that the Oracle made Answer that he should take heed of that place which should bring forth a God of two shapes This Divine Hint was then taken for a Riddle but after the King was dead the Truth was discover'd in this manner For in Abas a City of Arabia dwelt one Diophantus a Macedonian This Man Marry'd an Arabian Woman by whom he had a Strange Stories of Hermaphrodites Heraides became a Man Son call'd after his own Name and a Daughter call'd Heraides His Son dy'd while he was young But he gave a Portion to his Daughter when she was grown up and Marry'd her to one Semiades who after he had liv'd with his Bride one year undertook a long Journey In the mean time it is reported that Heraides fell into a strange and wonderful distemper such as is scarce credible For she had a
likewise the Son of Asclepâ—odorus Lord Lieutenant of Syria Epimenes the Son of Arseus and Anticles the Son of Theocritus together with Philotas the Son of Carsides the Thracian were all brought in by him to join in the same Treason The Night that it came to Antipater's turn to wait in the Bedchamber was the time pitch'd upon to kill Alexander when he was asleep But it hapned as some write that Alexander that very Night sate up Drinking till Morning But Aristobulus says That a certain Woman of Syria pretending to be divinely inspir'd still follow'd Alexander from place to place whom Alexander and his Courtiers at first ridicul'd but when what she had foretold was still verify'd by the Event she was no longer despis'd by Alexander but was freely admitted to the King both by night and by day and often was in his Bed-chamber when he was asleep 'T is said at that time this Prophetess by chance met the King as he came from his Cups and entreated him to return to his Companions and spend the whole Night in Drinking Alexander judging it might be a Divine Warning return'd and by that means disappointed the Traiterous Designs of the Pages The next day Epimenes the Son of Arseus one of the Conspirators discover'd the whole matter to his Friend Caricles the Son of Menander Caricles to Eurylochus the Brother of Epimeues Eurylochus going into Alexander's Tent reveal'd all to Ptolemy the Son of Lagus the Esquire of the King's Body and he to Alexander who forthwith order'd all that Eurylochus had nam'd to be seiz'd who being apprehended upon their Examination confess'd their Treason and discover'd some others Aristobulus indeed says that they declar'd Calisthenes stirr'd 'em up to undertake this piece of Villany which Ptolemy likewise confirms But there are some others that give another account of this matter viz. That Alexander perfectly hated Calisthenes and because there was a great Intimacy between him and Hermolaus he was easily wrought up on by the Informers to suspect Calisthenes Some likewise say That Hermolaus being brought beforethe Macedonians confess'd that he himself plotted the Treason and that it was not in the Power of any free-born Man to endure the Disgrace and Dishonour Alexander had brought upon him and then reckon'd up all that Alexander in that kind had done to wit the unjust Death of Philotas and with far more Injustice his putting to death Parmenio Philotas's Father and the rest that were then kill'd the Murder of Clitus through his Drunkenness his assuming the Habit of the Medes the Edict for his Adoration not yet recall'd his carousing and drunken Dozing which vile Courses he not able further to endure he was earnest to regain Liberty both to himself and the rest of the Macedonians Hereupon Hermolaus and the rest that were seiz'd were ston'd to death by the Standers-by But Aristobulus says That Calisthenes was carry'd about with the Army in Chains and died Ptolemy says he was first rack'd and afterwards hang'd So that these Authors though of great Credit and Repute and who were themselves present in the Army and attending upon Alexander at the very time when these things were acted yet cannot agree about a matter whereof there cou'd be no doubt at all at the time when it was done 10. The King's Expedition against those call'd Nauticans or Naurans and the Destruction of many of his Army by a great Snow Curtius lib. VIII c. 4. THese things being thus set in order the third Month he march'd * From Naura or Nautica out of his Winter-Quarters towards a Country call'd †In Sogdiana Gabaza The first day he had an easie March the next day was not as yet stormy or gloomy but something darker than the day before not without some threatning of a Storm at hand The third day the whole heaven flash'd with Lightning sometimes light then presently dark which not only amaz'd the Eyes but terrify'd the Hearts of the distracted Army The Air resounded with continual Thunder and Thunder-bolts up and down seem'd to be shot from the Clouds the Army even struck deaf with the Thunder as Men astonish'd durst neither march nor stand still Then on a sudden fell down a Storm of Hail like a violent Torrent At first they cover'd themselves with their Shields but presently their henumb'd and frozen Hands let fall their Arms neither did they know towards what Place or Country to move themselves the Violence of the Storm being greater than could possibly be avoided turn themselves which way soever they would Their Ranks and Order therefore being broke they wander'd through the * Oâ—r Forest Wood in Parties as they could and many fainting rather with Fear than through Weariness fell down upon the Ground although the Fierceness of the Cold had frozen the Hail others lean'd themselves to the Bodies of Trees which was to many both a Support and Defence Neither were they deceiv'd in chusing out a place to die in when their natural Heat overcome by the Cold left them immovable But it was a grateful Sloth to them that were tir'd out neither did they count it iâ—ksome to find Rest by Death for the Cold was not only vehement but also not likely to abate and the dark Shades of the Wood besides the Storm which was as the Night supprest and kept out the Light that common Comfort and Refreshment The King only was patient under this sad Misforttune and walk'd round his Camp and brought together the dispers'd and lifted up them that were down shewing them the Smoak that came from Chimneys afar off advising every one to take the highest Refuge Neither did any thing conduce more to their Safety than to see the King who had taken more Pains than they yet most unwearied of any and therefore were asham'd to leave him But Necessity more forcible than Reason in their Distresses found out a Remedy for the Cold For hewing down the Trees with their Axes they set the Heaps of Wood up and down on fire so that you would have thought all the Wood had been on a â—lame and scarce any place left for the Army to lodge This Heat presently enliven'd their benumb'd Limbs and by degrees their Spirits which the Cold had even clos'd up began freely to pass Some were entertain'd in the Houses of the Barbarians which hid from them in the late Wood but now their Necessity had discover'd others lodg'd in their Tents which though wet yet were more tolerable the Fury of the Storm being something abated This unhappy Accident swept away a thousand Soldiers and other mean * Scullions Horse-boys c. Attendants upon the Camp 'T is reported that some were found standing at the side of the Trees and seem'd not only as if they had been alive but as if they had been discoursing one with another in the same posture as they were in when they died 11. How Alexander falling in Love with Roxana marry'd her and induc'd many
War with the Ambrociats 287 r. 317 Achaians assist Phayllus 494 r. 529 Demetrius restores Liberty to their Cities 494 r. 786 Acimnestus his unfortunate aspiring to the Government at Enna 364 r. 402 Agrigentines their War with the Syracusians and their Rout 243 r. 269 Ada Princess of Caria Restor'd by Alexander the Great 531 r. 574 Adranum in Sicily built 375 r. 416 Aeacides King of Epirus endeavours to restore his Sister Olympias to the Kingdom of Macedon 612 r. 676 But in Vain 624 r. 690 Is expell'd his Kingdom ibid. Restor'd and afterwards kill'd in a Battel 642 r. 712 Aegestines their War with the Lilybaeans 259 r. 286 With the Selinuntians 297 r. 328 Burn the Tents of Dionysius 382 r. 425 The Cruelties Executed upon them by Agathocles 686 r. 769 Aegesta wholly Destroy'd and Raz'd 687 r. 770 Aegineans are Subdu'd by the Athenians 256 r. 283 Expell'd by the Athenians 281 r. 309 Aegium taken and raz'd by Aristodemus 637 r. 707 Aegppt their Defection from the Persians 252 r. 279 The two Persian Expeditions against them 254 255 r. 280 281 282 They assist Evagoras against Artaxerxes Mnemon 410 r. 460 King Acovis leagues with Gaius against the Perseans 413 462 King Tachus his War with Artaxerxes 473 r. 504 They revolt from Tachus and Tachus restor'd by Agesilaus 474 r. 506 Revolt from Artaxerxes Ocus 496 r. 531 Gain'd by Alexander M. 542 r. 588 Ptolemys Province 591 r. 628 648 Aequi Conquer'd by the Romans 289 r. 319 786 Aetna the City Aetna first call'd Eunesia 254 r. 281 Aetolians overcome the Athenians and Besieg'd Naupactus in vain 287 r. 317 Rebell against Alexander the Great 522 r. 563 Oppose Alexander's Edict 577 r. 632 Their War with Antipater 584 r. 641 Their Treachery against the Agrineans 638 r. 708 Africa dry and full of Serpents 674 r. 754 The Africans rebell against the Carthaginians 391 r. 437 Divided into four Sorts 681 r. 762 Agathocles his Original Increase and Cruelty 607 r. 670 Becomes King 610 r. 673 His Cruelty at Gela 655 r. 739 His Fight with the Carthaginians at Ecnomus unsuccessfull 655 r. 729 His Preparations for an Expedition into Africa 658 r. 734 Burns his Ships in Africa Beats the Africans 660 c. r. 738 739 740 His further Acts there 670 r. 749 r. 750 752 His treachery against Ophellas 673 c. r. 753 754 Takes Utica 680 r. 761 Flies back into Sicily 681 r. 762 His Acts there 682 683 c. r. 764 r. 765 766 Returns into Africa and is worsted by the Africans 685 r. 767 A mutiny in his Camp ibid. Flies out of Africa his Sons murder'd and his Army dispers'd and all made Slaves 686 687 r. 769 His Cruelty upon the Aegestines 687 r. 769 And the Syracusians idid His Sacrilege and Death 699 r. 785 Agesilaus General against the Persians 392 r. 438 His Praise 421 r. 473 His Acts in Egyyt 474 475 r. 505 506 His Death 475 r. 506 Agis King of Lacedemon 277 r. 306 Accus'd for making Peace wiuh the Argives 295 r. 326 His Valour at the Battel of Mantinea 295 r. 326 General against Antipater 547 r. 595 His Heroical Death ibid. Agrigentines overcome by the Syracusians 243 r. 269 A famous Pond there and other Works 228 r. 256 Their ancient Grandeur 340 r. 374 Besieg'd 341 r. 377 The Miserable destruction of the City 343 r. 379 They afterwards seek to free all the Cities of Sicily 670 681 r. 748 762 Agrinium a City of Acarnania the Cities put to the Sword by the Aetolians against terms agreed 638 r. 708 Alcetas Brother of Perdiccas overcome by Antigonus 593 r. 651 Betray'd by the Pisidians kills himself 594 r. 652 Alcibiades sent by the Athenians to Argos against the Lacedemonians 296 r. 327 His Praise 297 r. 329 Accus'd to be the â—â—thor cutting off the Nead of Mercury's Statues 301 r. 332 Is Condemn'd in his absence 301 r. 333 Flies to Sparta ibid. Restor'd to favour of the People 333 r. 367 368 Banishes himself 336 r. 370 Treacherously murder'd by Pharnabazus 362 r. 400 Alesa built by Archonides in Sicily 364 r. 403 Alexander the Son of Amyntas King of Macedon 433 r. 488 His Acts against Alexander Phereus 434 r. 489 Kill'd by Ptolemy Alorites 478 r. 510 Alexander M. a short History of him 521 r. 562 The Fight at Chaeronea 516 r. 555 His besieging and razing of Thebes 524 527 r. 568 His design against Persia his Passage into Asia and mustering of his Army 528 r. 570 The Battel at Granicum 529 r. 571 r. 572 573 His Acts in the lesser Asia 529 530 r. 574 576 His desperate Sickness 534 r. 578 The Battel at Issus 535 r. 579 Besieges Tyre 538 r. 583 Takes Gaza 541 r. 588 Gains Egypt ibid. Goes to Jupiter Hammon's Temple 542 r. 589 The Battel at Arbela 546 r. 591 Enters Susa 551 r. 598 His kindness to the Greeks maim'd by the Persians 550 r. 597 Persepolis burnt by him 552 r. 599 Thalestris Queen of the Amazons 554 r. 603 His other Acts in Persia 555 556 c r. 604 605 606 His Expedition into India 558 r. 608 His Acts there 560 c. r. 610 612 613 His War with the Oxydracans 563 r. 613 His desperate Case and Hazard there ibid. Marries Statira 567 r. 619 Enters into Babylon 570 r. 622 Prodigies before his Death 572 r. 624 His Intemperance Sickness and Death ibid. The Division of his Conquests among his Captains 574 591 r. 628 648 A Description of his Funeral Charriot 586 r. 642 The Captains join with Eumenes and presently fall from him 617 r. 682 The magnificent Feast of the Captains and Great Commanders in Persia 617 r. 682 The third division of the Provinces 628 r. 696 All the Captains join against Antigonus 633 r. 701 Great Captains take upon them the Stile of Kings 654 680 r. 728 761 Alexander King of Epirus 510 r. 548 Alexander Son of Alexander the Great together with his Mother murder'd by Cassander 654 r. 728 The Family of Alexander the Great Extinct 672 r. 752 Alexandria in Egypt built by Alexander the Great 543 r. 589 Another beyond Caucasus 568 r. 606 Another in India 556 r. 617 Alexander Pheraeus his War with the Thessalians and Macedonians 434 438 r. 489 494 His Cruelty 440 a. 466 His other Acts 442 475 r. 499 507 Is murder'd by his Wife 483 r. 517 Alexander Polysperchon his Acts 602 623 632 636 c. r. 662 689 700 706 c. Amazons the Queen lies with Alexander the Great r. 663 Amilcar the Carthaginian General besieges Himera 226 r. 253 His Death 227 r. 254 Amilcar the Carthaginian General against Agathocles 654 r. 728 Is taken attempting to surprize Syracuse in the night and his Punishment 669 r. 747 748 Amhictyons their decrees against the Spartans 491 r. 525 Against the Phocians 505 r. 542 Amphipolis an Athenian Colony their Slaughters 252 276 r. 278 304 279 Their various Changes 290 r. 321
Situation 578 r. 630 Cimon His Acts in Thrace Asia and Victories both by Sea and Land 246 247 248 264 r. 272 273 274 292 His Death 265 r. 293 Clearchus the Peloponnesian General his Acts 324 362 366 368 369 r. 357 401 406 408 409 Cleombrotus King of Sparta 430 r. 484 His Acts and Death at the Battel of Leuctra 432 r. 486 Cleomenes King of Sparta reign'd 60 years 10 months 668 r. 747 Cleon his Cruelty 285 r. 314 His Death 292 r. 323 Cleopatra the Sister of Alexander M. marry'd to Alexander King of Epirus 517 r. 557 Murder'd by Cassander 673 r. 753 Concubines how they were us'd to be convey'd to the Persian Kings 247 r. 271 Conon the Athenian General in Corcyra 323 r. 356 His Sea-Fight with the Spartans 337 375 392 394 r. 372 417 438 441 He builds the Walls of Athens and is cast into Prison 395 r. 442 Corcyrians their War with the Corinthians and Victory 275 r. 303 A dreadful Sedition amongst them 322 r. 355 Their other Acts 643 701 r. 714 787 Corinthians their unhappy War with the Me gareans 256 r. 283 With the Corcyreans 275 r. 303 Their Sedition 395 r. 442 Another Sedition ibid. Another Sedition 424 r. 477 They help Dion the Syracusian 513 r. 480 The Assembly of the Greeks at Corinth about the Persian War ibid. Cheronea A great Battel there between the Athenians and the Thebans 265 r. 293 Craterus Alexander M. his special Friend 570 r. 622 Assists Antipater at Lamia 581 r. 636 Against the Etolians 585 r. 641 His Expedition against Eumenes 578 r. 633 His Death 587 r. 644 His Burial 634 r. 703 Crotoniats they destroy the Sybarites 266 r. 294 Their War against Dionysius 397 r. 444 Crucifixion Daimenes crucifi'd by Dionysius 382 r. 425 Cruelty prevented by a prudent Speech 286 r. 315 Of the Spartans upon the Plataeans ibid. Of the Carthaginians in the Sacking of Selinunt 327 r. 361 Of the Persians towards the Grecians 550 r. 599 Of Antigonus upon the dead Body of Alcetas Of Olympias upon Arrhidaeus and Eurydices 612 r. 676 Ctesias the Historian Where he ends his History 379 r. 421 Cyprus the War with Evagoras by the Persians 399 r. 447 The War between Demetrius and Ptolemy for this Island 675 r. 757 Recover'd by Demetrius 680 r. 761 Cyreneans a lamentable Sedition at Cyrene 374 r. 415 Their War with Thimbro 582 r. 638 Are reduc'd by Ptolemy's General 644 r. 715 March to assist Agathocles 673 r. 753 Cyrus the Elder his courteous Behaviour 308 r. 341 Cyrus the Younger his War against his Brother Artaxerxes 362 365 366 r. 401 405 406 His Battel with the Persians and Death 368 r. 408 The Valour of his Captains after his Death 361 r. 400 D. Darius his Warlike Preparations against the Grecians 215 r. 242 Darius the Son of Xerxes murder'd by his Brother 251 r. 278 Darius King of Persia 291 r. 322 Darius the last made King by Bagoas 522 r 564 565 His Preparations against Alexander M. ibid. The Battel at Granicum 530 r. 573 His first Expedition against Alexander M. 534 r. 578 His second Expedition 544 r. 590 The Fight at Arbela 545 r. 592 Kill'd by Bissus 552 r. 601 Alexander M. marries his Daughter 568 r. 618 Decalia The Decalian War 303 r. 335 Delphos How the Oracle was first discover'd 488 r. 523 Why an old Woman was Priestess ibid. The vast Sum robb'd out of the Temple 402 r. 450 The Robbers punish'd by the Gods 505 r. 542 Demetrius Governor of Syria by his Father Antigonus 636 r. 709 His Expedition against Ptolemy 644 r. 715 His War with Ptolemy and Seleucus Fight and Flight 646 r. 717 His Beauty 644 r. 715 His Expedition against the Nabathaeans 652 r. 725 Into Babylonia 644 r. 715 Honour'd at Athens 646 r. 757 His Expedition against Cyprus 677 r. 757 His great Engines in Cyprus 677 r. 758 His Preparations to fight Ptolemy 678 r. 759 His Victory 679 r. 760 The great Damage of his Fleet at Gaza 640 r. 711 His War with the Rhodians 690 691 r. 774 775 A Description of his Engine Helepolis 694 r. 779 His War with Cassander 699 r. 785 His Acts in Asia 704 r. 791 Demosthenes the Athenian General his Acts 287 290 291 r. 317 321 322 General in Sicily 304 r. 336 Is taken 308 r. 341 Put to Death 314 r. 347 Demosthenes the Orator 503 515. r. 539 554 Stirs up the Athenians against Philip ibid. His Banishment 579 r. 634 Deucetius the Sicilian General 254 r. 281 Builds Menaeus His War with the Agragentines and Syracusians 353 r. 389 Builds Callatina 274 r. 302 Dimnus a Plotter to kill Alexander M. Kill'd by the King 's own hand 554 r. 604 Diocles. Vid. Laws Diodorus the Sicilian his History How many it comprehended from the Ruine of Troy to Agathocles 607 r. 670 And to the Death of Antigonus 657 r. 733 Diomedon the Athenian General his Speech when he was most unjustly led to Execution 305 r. 386 Dion his Preparations for War with Dionysius 479 480 481 r. 512 513 515 His Fight with Dionysius 482 r. 516 His Honours at Syracuse 485 r. 520 521 Dionysius the Tyrant of Sicily his Rise 344 345 346 r. 380 381 382 Declares himself Monarch 347 r. 383 His Horsemen rebel spoil the Palace and abuse his Wife 355 r. 392 Oppos'd by the Syracusians 359 r. 398 Disswaded from Abdicating the Government 360 r. 399 Restor'd to his Government in Syracuse 361 r. 400 Walls Epipole with wonderful Dispatch 365 366 r. 404 405 His Prepartions for the War against the Carthaginians 376 378 r. 418 420 Theodorus his Speech against Dionysius in his presence before the Syracusian Assembly 386 r. 431 His attempt upon Rhegium 397 400 r. 444 448 A new War with the Carthaginians 399 r. 446 His Poems exploded at the Olympick Games 404 r. 452 His Cruelty to the Rhegians 405 r. 453 He sells Plato 411 r. 461 His other Acts 413 414 415 437 r. 464 465 466 493 Dies of a Surfeit 439 440 r. 495 496 His Letter to the sacrilegious Athenians 504 r. 541 Dionysius the younger his War with Dion 481 532 r. 515 576 Is Conquer'd ibid. Reigns again in Syracuse 509 r. 546 Abdicates the Government and lives a private life ibid. Dioxippus the Athenian his famous Victory in a Duel over Charogus the Macedonian his sad Misfortune and miserable Death 566 r. 615 Drangina Conquer'd by Alexander M. 554 r. 704 The Province of Stasanor 574 r. 628 Duel between Coragus the Macedonian and Dioxippus the Athenian 566 568 r. 615 618 Of Darius with Cadusius E. Erygius's Combat with Sartibarzenes 556 r. 606 Eumenes with Neoptolemus 587 r. 644 Earthquakes at Sparta 244 r. 270 At Rhages 627 r. 695 God the Cause of Earthquakes 418 r. 48â— Eleans their Commigration 243 r. 269 Their War with the Lacedemonians 365 r. 404 With the Arcadians and Pisatae 440 r. 497 Join with the Athenians in the
r. 444 490 521 His Praise 516 r. 555 Issus the Battel at Issus by Alexander M. with the Persians 535 r. 579 Judges in Persia are flea'd alive 411 412 r. 462 463 L. Lacedemon the Earthquakes at Sparta 244 r. 270 Take Athens 353 r. 389 Their Quarrels with the Eleans 365 r. 404 Assist Cyrus against his Brother ib. 367 r. 405 407 Lose their Dominion at Sea 394 r. 441 Overcome by the Athenians in a Sea-fight at Naxus 422 r. 475 Their War with the Argives 493 r. 528 Lamia the Story of Lamia 674 r. 754 Lamia the Beginning and Cause of the Lamian War 490 576 r. 525 631 Laws Laws of Charondas 267 r. 295 Of Zeleucus 269 r. 298 Of Diocles the Syracusian and his Tragical End 314 r. 347 Of the Twelve Tables of Rome 271 272 r. 300 301 Confirm'd by the Death of the Legislator 270 314 r. 290 347 Leonides the Spartan General at Thermopyle 217 r. 244 His Heroick Death there 220 r. 247 Leosthines the Athenian General in the Lamian War 569 r. 621 Overcomes Antipater 579 r. 634 His Death and Praise ibid. Lesbians subdu'd by the Athenians 286 r. 315 Libanus a Description of Mount Libanus 367 r. 407 Long Life of Democritus 362 r. 401 Lucanians their War with the Thurians and remarkable Victory 400 r. 448 With Dionysius the younger 479 r. 512 With the Tarentines 701 r. 787 Lycaonia the Situation 576 r. 630 Lydia the Province of Meleager 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Lysander the Spartan General against the Athenians 333 r. 368 His Victory over the Athenians at Aegos Potamos 352 r. 388 His Death 393 r. 439 Lysimachus one of Alexander M. his Commanders Thrace his Province 574 r. 628 Relieves the Rhodians with Provision r. 782 Assists Cassander 702 r. 788 Stoops to Antigonus ibid. Lysimachia built 667 r. 746 M. Macedonians the Parricides amongst the Macedonian Kings 477 r. 510 Rout the Greeks at Charonea 516 r. 555 Mago the Carthaginian General fights with Dionysius and is kill'd 414 r. 465 Mantineans overcome by the Lacedemonians 295 r. 326 The City Mantinea besieg'd and taken by the Spartans 411 413 r. 460 464 The Battel with the Tageans describ'd 445 r. 502 503 Their War with the Megalopolites 449 r. 507 Marathon the Slaughter of the Persians there r. 242 Marmarensians being besieg'd burn their Houses Parents and Friends 532 r. 576 Megalopolis built 439 r. 495 Their War with the Mantineans 449 r. 507 With the Spartans 495 r. 530 Megara the Acts of the Megareans 231 256 265 r. 258 283 293 Their Sedition r. 478 Mentor the Rhodian betrays the Sidonians 496 r. 532 His other Acts 500 c. r. 536 c. Mesopotamia the Province of Arcesilas 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Messenians their War with the Spartans 248 r. 274 Are routed out of Greece by the Spartans 374 r. 415 Their Increase in Sicily 392 r. 438 The City Messina in Sicily sack'd by the Carthaginians 382 383 r. 426 427 Repair'd by Dionysius 392 r. 437 They assist Dion 481 r. 515 The City gain'd by Agathocles 652 r. 726 Messina in Peloponnesus rebuilt by Epaminondas 435 r. 491 Meteors an Astrological account of them 429 r. 483 Methon a City in Thrace Sack'd by Philip 493 r. 528 Meton the Circle of 19 years call'd Enneadeceterides 227 r. 305 Miletum their War with the Samians 273 r. 301 Their bloody Sedition 352 r. 388 Mitylene taken by the Athenians 285 286 r. 314 315 Their Goods sold ibid. The Port 340 r. 375 Motya a City of Sicily r. 359 Taken by Dionysius 373 379 r. 414 422 Recover'd by the Carthaginians 382 r. 426 Munychia Raz'd by Demetrius 676 r. 756 Muses the Games of the Muses in Macedonia 527 r. 570 Mycale a Description of the battel at Mycale 234 r. 261 Mycenas Raz'd to the ground by the Argives 249 r. 276 N. Nabathaeans Arabians their Laws and Manners 650 r. 722 Their War with Demetrius 651 r. 724 Naxus Raz'd by Dionysius 480 r. 513 Nectanabus King of Egypt his War with Artaxerxes 425 r. 478 Nectanabus revolts from his Father Tachos King of Egypt and is overcome by Agesilaus 448 r. 506 Rebells against Ochus 496 r. 531 Neptune the Causer of all Earthquakes and Innundations 429 r. 483 Priests drown'd in the Sea offer'd to him 305 r. 377 Niceas the Athenian General his Acts 485 r. 519 His Expedition into Peloponnesus 290 r. 320 His great misfortunes and lamentable Condition in Sicily 307 308 311 312 r. 340 341 344 345 Is put to death 314 r. 347 Nicocles the Cyprian the Tragical end of him and his whole Family 665 r. 743 Nicolaus the Syracusian his brave Speech for the saving the Athenian Captives from being put to death 200 r. 241 O. Ocean the Wonders found in it 568 569 r. 618 619 Ochus King of Persia succceeds Artaxerxes 448 r. 506 His Expedition against Egypt 491 r. 531 His Acts 498 534 Is destroyed with his whole Family 413 r. 564 Olympias the Mother of Alexander M. 598 r. 658 Her Return out of Epirus into Macedonia and Cruelty towards Archidoeus and Eurydice and others 612 r. 676 The terrible Famine in the Siege of Pydna 621 r. 697 Her Accusation and Death 629 630 r. 698 699 Olympus the Temple of Jupiter Olympus at Agrigentum 340 r. 375 Another at Syracuse 301 514 r. 333 553 Olynthians their War with Amyntas King of Macedon 416 r. 467 Demand their Land again 397. r. 444 War with the Lacedemonians 417 r. 468 Ophellas Subdues the Cyrenians 583 r. 639 Joins with Agathocles in Africa 673 r. 753 He with his Auxiliaries perfidiously slain by Agathocles 674 r. 754 His Cruelty ibid. Oracle of Dodona 439 r. 495 Of Hammon 543 r. 589 Oracles deliver'd to Alexander M. at Hammon ibid. To the Clazomeans and Cumeans concerning Leuca To Dionysius of his death 440 r. 496 To Eumelus King of Bosphoros of his death 667 r. 745 To the Helicenses 428 r. 482 To the Ionians ibid. To the Lacedemonians of expiating the murder of Pausanias 239 r. 266 To the Messinians in Sicily 399 r. 447 To Philip before his death 517 r. 557 To Philomelus 489 r. 524 To Satyrus King of Bosphorus of the manner of his death 667 r. 745 To Seleucus by the Caldeans 632 649 r. 701 720 To the Spartans of the Victory of the Thebans 241 430 r. 268 485 To the Thebans of the Victory at Leuctra Of their ruin 524 r. 566 To Timoleon of his success in Sicily from Ceres 508 r. 545 Orchomenos Raz'd by the Thebans 441 r. 498 The Thebans their old Enemies ibid. Ostracism the Law and manner of it at Athens 244 r. 270 P. Pallica a City in Sicily built by Ducetius 261 r. 288 It s Growth and Destruction ibid The strange boiling Pots call'd Craters in the Earth there ibid. Pamphilia the Province of Antigonus 574 r. 628 The Situation 576 r. 630 Paphlagonia with Cappadocia 574 628 The Provinces of Eumenes
581 r. 636 Parmenio his Acts in Phrygia 540 r. 586 Suspected of Treason and put to death 554 r. 604 Pausanias the Lacedemonian General at Platea against Mardonius 231 r. 258 His Treason against his Countrey 237238 r. 264 265 Discover'd how and punished ibid. Passes difficult Passes in Thermopyle 219 r. 246 In Uxiana 549 r. 597 In the Rock Aornus 557 r. 667 Peace Peace all over the World 273 r. 301 Pelopidas the Theban General 434 r. 489 Taken by Alexander Prince of Pherea 438 r. 494 Deliver'd 440 r. 496 His Acts and Death and Praise 442 r. 499 Peloponnesus Peloponnesus liable to Earthquakes 429 r. 483 The Peloponnesian War the Causes Renual c. 271 280 303 r. 300 308 325 Perdiccas One of Alexander M. Commanders 547 r. 592 At Arbela ibid. Divides the Conquer'd Provinces 574 r. 628 His other Acts 575 576 581 583 r. 629 631 636 639 The Captains conspire against him 585 r. 641 His Expedition into Egypt 588 r. 645 Pericles His Acts in Peloponnesus 259 260 r. 286 287 His other Acts 273 274 r. 301 302 His Arrears the publick Cause of the Peloponesian War 277 r. 306 His hot Speech 273 r. 301 His second Expedition into Peloponnesus 281 r. 310 His Death ibid. Persepolis Taken and burnt by the instigation of a Strumpet by Alexander M 550 r. 599 Persia The Province of Peucestas 574 r. 628 The description of a pleasant Tract there 616 r. 682 Petalisme 259 r. 286 Phalaecus The General of the Phoceans 495 r. 530 His Sacrilegious Covetousness 503 r. 540 Punish'd by the Gods 505 r. 542 Pharnabasus The Persian General 316 r. 349 Helps sometimes the Athenians and sometimes the Lacedemonions 321 324 375 r. 354 357 416 General of the War against the Aegyptians 446 r. 504 Phialensians Their seditian 424 r. 477 Philip King of Macedon The Epitome of his History 477 r. 510 His Acts and Wars 477 to 516 r. 510 to 556 His Feast and stately Games and ominous Verses 518 r. 558 The Plot against his life and the Cause ibid. His Murder c 519 r. 559 Philocles The Athenian General at Aegos-Potamos 352 r. 388 Is put to Death ibid. Philomelus stirs up the Phoceans 486 r. 522 Robs the Temple at Delphos 491 r. 526 Casts himself down from the top of a Rock ibid Phoceans Their War with the Doreans and Spartans 256 r. 283 With the Boetians 393 r. 439 With the Thebans 432 r. 487 They spoil the Temple at Delphos 488 491 r. 523 526 Their Fight with the Thebans 503 r. 539 Are burnt in the Temple 504 r. 541 Phocio the Athenian General 496 r. 532 The sentence upon him and his punishment 602 r. 663 Phoenicia the Situation 576 r. 630 Phrygia the Less the Situation ibid. The Greater ibid. Pindar When he flourish'd 200 r. 226 Pisidia The scituation 576 r. 630 Plague Grievous amongst the Carthaginians 418 r. 469 The first Plague at Athens 281 r. 310 The second 286 r. 316 And the Causes ibid In the Camp of Hanniball in Sicily for his Impiety 341 r. 377 In the Camp of Imilco and the Cause 389 r. 434 In Africa 358 r. 397 Plateans the Battel at Platea with the Persians 231 r. 258 Are besieg'd by the Spartans all put to Death and the City raz'd 282 286 r. 311 315 Their other misfortunes 427 r. 481 Plato Sold by Dionysius 411 r. 461 The most learn'd of the Greeks 263 r. 291 Porus His War with Alexander M. 561 r. 608 His Valour and Stature 562 r. 609 Princes strengthen themselves more with Gentleness than Arms 309 r. 342 Their Vices most notorious â—57 r. 395 Prodigies to Alexander M. before his Death 572 r. 624 To the Athenians before irreparable slaughter in Sicily 305 r. 337 To Epaminondas before his Victory at Leuctra 428 430 r. 482 484 To Hannibal after the violation of the Sepulchres in Sicily 341 r 377 To Pelopidas before his Death 442 r. 499 To the Spartans before their slaughter at Leuctra 428 430 r. 482 484 To the Thebans before the Sacking of their City 604 r. 566 To Timoleon before his Expedition into Sicily 508 r. 545 Before his Fight with the Carthaginians 513 r. 551 Ptolemy Alorites King of Macedonia kills his Brother and was kill'd by his Brother 440 477 r 497 550 Ptolomaeus Lagus was cur'd by a divine Power 567 r. 617 Governour of Egypt 574 r. 628 His stately preparations for the buying of Alexander M. 587 r. 643 Confirm'd in the Government of Egypt 590 r. 648 Subdues Phoenicia 592 r. 650 Opposes Antigonus in divers places His Expedition into Cyprus Silicia and Syria and his Successes 98 r. 115 His Battel and Victory 646 647 r. 717 718 His War with Antigonus 664 r. 742 His Sea Fight with Demetrius at Cyprus 678 r. 759 Is worsted and returns into Egypt 680 r. 761 Recovers Coelo-Syria 704 r. 791 Pylae the Gates or Entry into Cilicia 366 r. 406 Pyrrhus the famous Enemy to the Romans 623 r. 690 Pythagorean Philosopher the Master to Epaminondas and Philip King of Macedon 478 510 The last of his Sect when they liv'd 440 r. 497 Pythia why the Priestesses were no longer Virgins 489 r. 524 Q. Quinda a strong Castle where Alexander M. Treasures were laid up and carried away by Antigonus 633 r. 702 Quinquiremes or five Oars on a Bank when first us'd 376 377 r. 418 419 R. Race a Horse over-run by a Man 362 r. 401 Rhegion a pleasant and fruitful Country in Africa 659 r. 736 Religion Zeleucus his Law concerning it 270 r. 299 The Violation of Religion punish'd by publick Calamities 286 391 392 428 r. 316 436 437 482 Rhodes the miserable Inundation at Rhodes 627 r. 695 Their War with Demetrius 691 r. 775 Staightly Besieg'd 692 r. 776 Their Fight with Demetrius and Victory 693 r. 777 778 The repairing of the City 699 r. 785 Rhoxana Wife of Alexander M. murder'd with her son by Cassander 654 r. 728 Romans the first time they paid Wages to their Soldiers 364 r. 403 The first time the People disobey'd the Senate 404 r. 452 Their sad Overthrow by the Gauls at Allia 406 r. 454 Defend the Capital 406 407 r. 455 456 Their Wars with the Samnites 611 640 641 642 652 675 710 711 713 726 With the Marsians and Hetrurians 676 r. 756 S. Sacrifice a Butcherly Sacrifice of Captives punished by God 684 r. 767 Sacrilege in divers manners punished by the Gods 504 505 506 490 494 698 r. 541 542 543 526 529 784 Causes a War 443 r. 500 Check'd by an Earthquake 503 r. 540 Cast in the Teeth of the Athenians by a Tyrant ibid. Salamis the Sea-Fight at Salamis between the Grecians and Persians and the remarkable Victory of the Greeks 224 225 r. 251 252 Saturn a Boy offer'd up to him The Idol at Carthage 341 663 r. 377 740 Sciones besieg'd and taken by Storm and most cruelly dealt with by the Athenians 291 292 294 r. 322 323 325 Stytalisme
when it 's lost and taken from us 221 566 r. 248 615 Utica the memorable Siege and Defence at Utica in Africa by Agathocles 680 r. 761 The Captives of Utica hung at the Engines alive to be shot at by the Townsmen ibid. W. Wine-Cellars the stately Wine-Cellars of Gellias in Agrigentum 341 r. 376 X. Xenophon the Historian where he begins and ends his History 319 446 r. 352 504 Is created General over the Greeks that return'd out of Persia 374 r. 416 Xerxes his Expedition Armies c. into Greece 213 216 218 r. 242 243 245 The Sea-Fight at Artemisium 222 r. 249 The Fight with Leonidas at Thermopylae 218 219 r. 245 246 The Sea-Fight at Salamis 224 225 r. 251 252 His Flight to Ecbatana 234 r. 261 Is Assassinated 258 r. 278 Z. Zacynthus the Sedition and War at Zacynthus 416 r. 480 Zaleucus his Laws at Thurium in Italy 270 r. 299 A TABLE OF THE Eclogues or Fragments Note The Letter b in the Fragments stands for Book and the Letter e for Eclogue or Excerpt Likewise the Letter l stands for Lib. and the Letter s for Section The ECLOGUES or FRAGMENTS out of the First Six Books after the Twentieth of Diodorus the Sicilian A. ACra Leuca built in Spain by Amilcar Hannibal's Father Book 25. Eclogue 2. Page 720 Aemilius the Consul wast the Country of the Celte Galls b. 25. e. 3. ibid. Agathocles King of Syracuse his Acts and Death b. 21. e. 2 3 4 8 11 12. 709 Alexander the Son of Cassander murder'd by Demetrius b. 21. e. 7. ibid. Amesalus raz'd by Hiero b. 22. e. 15. 714 Amilcar his Acts in Sicily against the Romans b. 23. e. 9. 716 His Death b. 25. e. 2. 719 Antander the Sicilian Historian b. 21. e. 12. 710 Antigonus his Death b. 21. e. 1. 709 Appius Claudius his Acts in Sicily b. 23. e. 2. 715 Arâ—s none can please all in any Arts b. 26. e. 1. 721 Asdrubal unsuccessful in Sicily b. 25. e. 2. 719 B. Barcas the Carthaginian General his Acts in Sicily b. 24. e. 2. 719 Brennus the Gall his Inroad into Macedonia the Slaughter of his Army and his Death b. 22. e. 13. 713 Brutii they rout Agathocles b. 21. e. 3. 709 He wasts their Country e. 8. ibid. Cadmean Victory what b. 22. e. 4. 712 Calatinus routs the Carthaginians at Sea b. 24. e. 12. 719 Cantharides blinds the Sight b. 22. e. 2. 712 Carthaginians their War with Pyrrhus in Sicily b. 22. e. 11 14. 712 713 With the Romans b. 23. 715 Overcome by Appius Claudius b. 23. e. 4. 715 Their War with their Confederates b. 25. e. 1. 719 Carthalo his Successes in Sicily against the Romans b. 24. e. 1. 719 Celte routed in Sicily through their Intemperance b. 23. e. 12. 717 Slaughter'd in Spain by Amilcar b. 25. e. 2. 720 Cios the General of the Mamertines routed by Hiero kills himself b. 22. e. 15. 715 Covetousness the Evil of it b. 21. e. 1. 709 D. Demetrius his Acts b 21. e 1 7 10 11. 709 710 Decius his Cru 〈…〉 at Rhegium his Sight lost by a Physician wilfully by the use of Cantharides b 22. e 2. 712 E. Enna taken by the Romans b 23. e 9. 716 Eryx in Sicily taken by Pyrrhus b 22. e 14. 713 Raz'd by the Carthaginians b 22. e 9. 712 F. Fabius the Roman Consul slaughters the Hetruscans Galls and Samnites b 21. e 6. 702 G. Gades b 25. e 2. 719 Galls their Inroad into Greece b 22. e 13. 713 Their miserable Return ibid. H. Hannibal his Acts in Sicily b 22. e 15. 714 Hannibal Son of Amilcar chosen General in Spain by the Army b 25. e 5. 720 His taking of Sagunthum b 25. e 5. ibid. Hanno his Acts in Sicily b 23. e 2. 715 Hiero his Acts b 22. e 15. b 23. e 2 4 5 12. b 24. e 1. b 25. e 4. b 26. e 6. 714 715 718 720 721 I. Indortes the General of the Iberians taken and kill'd by Amilcar b 25. e 2. 720 Istolatius General of the Celte taken by Amilcar b 26. e 2. ibid. Julius the Consul is Shipwreck'd b 24. e 1. 719 L. Leontines receive Pyrrhus 713 Lilybeurn in Sicily besieg'd by Pyrrhus b 22. e 14. ibid. When built ibid. Besieg'd by the Romans b 24. e 1 3. 718 M. Maenon poisons his Master Agathocles b 21. e 12. 710 His other Acts b 21. e 13. 711 Mamertines their Cruelty at Messina b 21. e 12. ibid. Messina besieg'd by Hiero and the Carthaginians reliev'd by the Romans b 22. e 15. 714 N. Numidians Rebelling against the Carthaginians are destroy'd by Asdrubal b 25. e 2. 720 O. Orissus King of the Iberians routed by Asdrubal 720 P. Phintias Prince of Agragentum overcome of Hicetas b 22. e 2. 712 His Dream of his End e 5. ibid. Ptolemeus Ceraunus kill'd of the Galls e 3. ibid. Pyrrhus his Acts in Sicily e 10 11 14. ibid. R. Regulus the Proconsul his Successes in Africa b 23. e 12. 716 Rhodes torn by an Earthquake Romans their Slaughters of the Hetruscians Galls c. b 21. e 6. 709 Their ancient Shields and new b 23. e 3. 715 Their Acts in Sicily b 23. e 2. ibid. Their Shipwrecks b 23. e 12. 719 Are beaten at Sea by Cathalo b 24. e 1. 718 S. Sagunthum besieg'd b 25. e 5. 720 Their Heroick Acts ibid. The Women kill both themselves and their Children ibid. Sicily the bravest of Islands b 23. e 1. 715 Stilpo Agathocles his General Shipwreck'd b 21. e 8. 709 T. Thebes taken by Demetrius and demolish'd b 21. e 10. 710 X. Xanthippus the Spartan overcomes Regulus the Roman General in Africa b 23. e 12. 716 The FRAGMENTS out of the Lost Books of Diodorus the Sicilian gather'd by Photius A. ALexander Epiphanes King of Syria murder'd by his Subjects Book 32. Eclogue 1. Page 724 Antiochis Queen of Cappadocia cozens her Husband with a supposititious Birth b 31 e 3. 723 Antiochus Epiphanes prophanes the Temple at Jerusalem b 34. e 1. 726 Antiochus Eupator his War with the Jews b 34. e 1. ibid Ariamnes II. King of Cappadocia his great love to his Son and his Son to him b 31. e 3. 723 Ariarathes I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Kings of Cappadocia and the last a favourer of Learning b 31. e 3. And the pedegree of those Kings ibid. Athenio the Captain of the slaves in Sicily and that servile War b 36. e 1. 731 B. Battaces the Priest of Cybele in Phrygia comes in a strange Habit to Rome b 36. e 2. 733 Bocchus King of Africa overcome by Marius b 36. e 1. 729 C. Cadmus b 40. e 1. 736 Caesar his War with Pompey b 37. e 2. 735 His Murder ibid. Callo a young Wife afterwards she became a Man b 32. e 1. 724 Capadocia The Genealogy of their Kings b 31. e 3. 722 Carthage height of its Walls b 32. e 2. 725 Cattulus murders himself by the
Coasts as far as Hercules-Pillars Out of Europe the Grecian Cities The Macedonians The Illyrians many inhabiting Adria The Thracians and the Galatians a People that then first began to be known to the Grecians These all sent their Ambassadors of whom the King having a Catalogue in writing he appointed in what Order they should be severally admitted to their Audience And in the first place those were introduc'd that came about Matters of Religion then those who brought Presents next they that were at variance with the People bordering upon them Then those were admitted in the fourth place who came to treat upon Concerns relating to their own Country And lastly those whose Instructions were to oppose the Restauration of the Exiles And among the Religious he first The Banditti or Oat-Laws heard them of Elis after them the Hammonians Delphians and Corinthians the Epidaurians likewise and others giving to them the Preheminence out of Reverence and Veneration to the Temples He made it his great Business to return such grateful Answers to all the Ambassadors as that he might gain the Good-will and Affection of every one of them When all this was over he apply'd himself to the celebrating the Funerals of Hephestion Alexander prepares to bury Hephestion and contriv'd all that possibly he could so far to grace it with Funeral Pomp as that it should not only exceed all that were before it but likewise that it should never be exceeded by any that was to come For he most dearly lov'd him as much as the dearest Friends that we have heard of ever lov'd one another when he was alive and honour'd him beyond compare when he was dead He honour'd him more than any of his Friends Ant. Ch. 322. while he liv'd altho' Craterus seem'd to vie with him for Alexander's Affection For when one of the Servants said that Craterus lov'd Alexander as well as Hephestion did Alexander answer'd That Craterus was the * Or the King was lov'd by Craterus and Alexander by Hephestion King's Friend and Hephestion Alexander's And at that time when the Mother of Darius through a mistake upon the first view of the King prostrated her self at the Feet of Hephestion and coming to discern her Errour was much out of Countenance Be not troubled Mother says Alexander for even he is another Alexander To conclude Hephestion had such Interest in Alexander and such free access and liberty of Converse that when Olympias who envy'd him accus'd him and threatned him by her Letters he writ to her back again with severe Checks and added these Expressions Forbear your Slanders against me and bridle your Anger and surcease your Threats But if you will not I value them not of a pin for you are not ignorant that Alexander must be Judge of all The King therefore taken up with the Preparations for the Funeral commanded the Hephestion's Funeral Athenaeus lib 10. c. 11. neighbouring Cities to assist as much as possibly they could towards its Pomp and Splendor and commanded all the People of Asia that the Fire which the Persians call the Holy Fire should be put out till the Exequies of this Funeral were fully finish'd as was us'd to be done in the Funerals of the King 's of Persia which was taken to be an ill Omen to the King himself and that the Gods did thereby portend his Death There were likewise Ant. Ch. 322. other Prodigies happen'd that did clearly point out that Alexander's Life was near at an end which we shall presently give an account of when we have finish'd our Relation of the Funeral In order to this Funeral all his Chief Commanders and Noblemen in compliance to the King's Pleasure made Medals of Hephestion graven in Ivory and cast in Gold and other rich Metals Alexander himself call'd together a great number of the most exquisit Workmen that could be had and brake down the Wall of Babylon ten Furlongs in length and took away the Brick of it and then levelling the place where the Funeral Pile was to be rais'd built thereon a Foursquare Pile each Square taking a Furlong in length The Platform he divided into Thirty Apartments and cover'd the Rooss with the Trunks of Palm-Trees The whole Structure represented a Quadrangle Afterwards he beautify'd it round with curious Adornments The lower part was fill'd up with Two hundred and forty Prowes of Gallies of five Tire of Oars burnish'd with Gold upon whose Rafters stood two Darters one on each side the Beaks of four Cubits high kneeling upon one Knee and Statues of Men in Arms five Cubits high All the Divisions and open Parts were vail'd with Hangings of Purple That part next above this was set with Torches of fifteen Cubits high in the middle part of every one of which where they were us'd to be held were plac'd Crowns of Gold at the top whence the Flame ascended were fix'd Eagles with their Wings display'd and their Heads stooping downwards At the bottom of the Torches were Serpents facing and looking up at the Eagles In the third Range were expos'd all sorts of wild Beasts hunted In the fourth Centaurs all in Gold combating one with another The fifth presented alternately to the view Lions and Bulls in massie Gold In that part above these were plac'd the Arms both of the Macedonians and Barbarians the one signifying the Victories over the Conquer'd Nations and the other the Valour of the Conqueror In the highest and last part of all stood Sirenes contriv'd hollow wherein secretly were plac'd those who sang the Mourning Song to the Dead The heighth of the whole Structure mounted up above a hundred and thirty Cubits To conclude both Commanders and Common Soldiers Ambassadors and the natural Inhabitants so strove to outvy one another in contributing to this stately Funeral that the Charge and Cost amounted to above Twelve thousand Talents And to grace it more and make it more splendid he conâ—err'd several other Honours upon these Exequies At length he commanded all to sacrifice to him as a Tutelar God For it hapned that Philip one of his Nobility at that time return'd from the Temple of Haminon and brought word from the Oracle there That Hephestion might be sacrific'd unto as a Demi-God Whereat Alexander was wonderfully glad hearing that the Oracle it self was an Approver of his Opinion and thereupon he himself was the first that offer'd sacrificing Ten thousand Beasts of all kinds and making a magnificent Feast Ant. Ch. 322. for all the Multitude When all the Solemnity was over Alexander gave up himself to Ease and a Revelling Course of Life And now when he seem'd to be at the Heighth of Worldly Greatness and Prosperity that Time and Space of Life which he might have run through by the Course of Nature was cut short by the Determination of Fate and God himself by many Signs and Prodigies shewn in several Places foreshew'd his Death For when he Prodigies â—efore Alexander's