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A96648 Natures secrets. Or, The admirable and wonderfull history of the generation of meteors. Particularly describing, the temperatures and qualities of the four elements, the heights, magnitudes, and influences of the fixt and wandring stars: the efficient and finall causes of comets, earthquakes, deluges, epidemicall diseases, and prodigies of precedent times; registred by the students of nature. Their conjecturall presages of the weather, from the planets mutuall aspects, and sublunary bodies: with the proportions and observations on the weather-glass, with philosophicall paraphrases rendred explicitely, usefull at sea and land. / By the industry and observations of Thomas Willsford, Gent. Willsford, Thomas.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver. 1658 (1658) Wing W2875; Thomason E1775_2; ESTC R204119 105,190 225

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same account If Saint Paul 's day be fair and clear It does betide a happy year But if it chance to snow or rain Then will be dear all kind of grain If clouds or mists do dark the Skie Great store of birds and beasts shall die And if the winds do fly aloft Then wars shall vex that Kingdome oft A Conclusion with a Paraphrase upon the presages by sensitive Creatures in general SIgns both of the weather and the seasons I have hewn you yet have omitted many but such as are best known to those who are sensible of them and of these there be some who supprest with the heavy burden of many years are forced to stoop and strike sail to time their bodies almost worn out with old decrepit age scarcely tenentable to the vital parts which Nature can hardly inable for to keep possession being dayly in danger to be ejected by rigid Death who admits no bail such as these are sensible of the Airs alteration like an old ruined tenement that lies open unto the assaults of every little storm and may unhappily know the weather and seasons of the year Others there be in the glory and prime of their youth that do know all this and more certainly then can the dictates of old age deliver it having in every joynt a Calender that shews them the weather with the Spring and Fall as a Memorandum of their fond and licentious youth wherein they have incurred the displeasure of just Heaven and rewarded with the fruits of sin Yet in this I do not censure all for some knows it through the crimes of others and many by casualties fractures of bones bruises old sores aches cramps gouts corns of their feet agues and almost innumerable diseases and imperfections of Nature incident to frail man for excepting such like accidents or signs derived from experience or grounded upon some reason to be held weather-wise is an argument of folly The cause why Ideots can so well fore-know the weathers alteration is partly they being defective in their understandings as wanting the use of reason Nature does the more assist them or they being cold and phlegmatick as appears by their slavering they are the more sensible of the Airs change as it is agreeable or oppugnant to the temperature and constitution of their bodies whereas Man endowed with the use of reason and discourse contemplates of the cause and nature of things which so implies the senses that the Air infused into the poars of such bodies cannot have any powerful operation and besides their constitutions are composed with a better concord of the 4 Elements so that the Airs alteration cannot so soon and sensibly work those effects in such bodies being perfectly in health and reason of their counsel For 't is Natures care to provide best for those things which are in most danger of shortest life or can least help or shift for themselves as to some she gives strength in arms to others swiftnesse of feet or wings agility of body and the like some little creatures are made a prey by others or their lives but short to these she gives a fruitful offspring as for example what multitudes of little Birds more then Eagles or fowls of prey Herrings in number exceeding Whales with comparison behold also the providence of the immense Creator that all these several kinds do subsist and in such Springs or Sommers whose temperatures of heat shall produce cold Winters there Nature does commonly provide plenty before hand as Akorns Hipps Hawes and divers other sorts of Berries for the subsistance of sundry sorts of little birds animals that otherwise would have perished with cold and for want of meat which is armour of proof against the weather By Natures instinct from these Man as in a Calender may read the weather and the seasons of the year every body having small poars into which the Air does continually infuse it self and as it is rarified or condensed it alters the disposition of the body but more or lesse according to the constitution and as it is agreeable or oppugnant to the natural temperature thereof as for an instance Bees and Emmots being of a fiery nature as appears by their choler and industry the Air infused into their little members towards rain being moist and opposite to their natures stupifies their senses and makes them heavy and not apt to labour or go abroad This is the cause that Bees keep in their hives or will not go far from thence when the Air grows moist and the weather inclining to rain from hence is the motive that the laborious Emmots desire rest and withdraw themselves into the caverns of the earth carrying their eggs with them as by a natural instinct whereby to preserve their progeny for by the fervour of the Sun they must be disclosed and by a storm of rain they would be chill and perish the reason is generally the same in other sensitive creatures whose corps are sensible of the Airs change that alters them according to the natural temperature and disposition of their bodies some creatures requiring heat others moisture what pleases one distasts some other and so of all living things Salamanders love Fire Birds Air Fishes Water and Beasts Earth So these Elements as they are mixt and predominating do offend or please the natural disposition of the creature This Monarchy and Common-wealth I choose as for an explanation of the rest they being the most industrious the most sensible and most subject for to be prejudiced by the incursions or suddain assaults of the weather and so here I will conclude with Virgil Geor. lib. 1. Haud equidem credo quia sit divinitus illis Jngenium aut rerum fato prudentia major Verum ubi tempestas coeli mobilis humor Mutavere vias Jupiter humidas austris Densat erant quae rara modo quae densa relaxant Vertuntur species animorum pectora motus Nunc alios alios dum nubila ventus agebat Concipiunt Hinc ille avium concentus in agris Et laetae pecudes ovantes gutture corvi The Weather Glass or perpetual Kalender B● this artificial means you may at any time ●ither in the day or night discover certainly the Airs alteration as it does condense or rarifie and ●o from thence presage the future weather which the better and the more sensible to effect I will prescribe a proportion for the Glass the manner how to devide it and make a water that will not freez much more beautiful and conspicuous then ordinary water First provide a Bolts head of a cleer transparent Glasse in form as you see the figure the end at A like a Globe in content to the whole ¾ or ⅘ let the shanke be in circumference ¼ or ⅕ of the head at A then 1 ½ or 1 ¾ of the Globes circle the length unto B where must be a Glasse in content about half of the bolts head as for a cestern to
four continued days these were as Emblems in both places of their rebellion against Heaven and Earth which are the ways of the Divel For he that follows Christ walks not in darknesse The Romans were also thus benighted when the Prince of obscurity was adored by them which Virgil does apply to the death of Julius Cesar and the civil wars Lib. 1. Geor. Sol tibi signa dabit solem quis dicere falsum Audeat ille etiam coecos instare tumultus Saepe mones fraudemque operta tumescere bella Ille etiam extincto miseratus Caesare Romam Cum caput obscurâ nitidum ferrugine texit Impiaque aeternum timuerunt saecula noctem Portentious Stormes of Rain BEfore the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour 766 in the Raign of Rivallus a British King for three days space it rained bloud out of which corruption there ensued multitudes of venemous Flies which killed many men and bred a mortality with desolation almost unto the whole Island This is collected from the British antiquities A little before the death of Nero the Tyrant and Emperour of Rome it rained bloud with many other prodigies as you may read in Livy In the year since the Sacred Virgin was a Mother 1534 about the Feast celebrated for the Resurrection of the Son of God it rained bloud in Germany which falling upon Mens garments did describe the form of red Crosses to put us in mind peradventure of His cruel Passion a Sacrifice for the whole World In the Low Countries neer about this time the skins of men and women were signed in this manner in a shower of bloud In the year of our Redeemer 1571 at a place called Emden in Frisia there fell in the night time a great shower of bloud which discoloured the earth and all it fell upon for the space of 5 or 6 miles in compasse and in such plenty that divers cups were fill'd the next day with it about these times began cruel and bloudy wars by the Sacramentarians In the year 1601 the like of these prodigies began and continued the space of 3 years and then was seconded with a woeful plague Marcus Varro affirms how it rained Frogs in several parts and in divers Towns of Gallia Cardanus reports Anno Domini 1510 how that in Lombardy it rained hard Stones of a sulphurious taste in colour like to rusty Iron one Stone that fell in this Storm was presented to the King of France Avicenna affirms how that in Persia it rained Iron In the time of Augustus Cesar it rained Silver as Dion testifieth In Armenia there fell from the Clouds red Snow as if it had received a tincture of Vermilion And befides these as it is recorded there hath fallen from the Skies Flesh Milk Corn Wool and divers other prodigies over long to be rehearsed because they are doubtful and yet affirmed by Pliny Livy and divers other well approved Authors yet they upon report of others have inscribed many Errours so I will passe them over and proceed Of Deluges and portentious irruptions and courses of the Waters Besides many wonderful flouds in particular Countries there be three held stupendious above the rest the General Deluge in the time of Noah in the year from the Creation of the Stars 1656 this was 15 Cubits above the highest hills in this Deluge all the World perished but what was with Noah in his Arke as you may read in Gen. cap. 6 cap. 7 and cap. 8. The second great inundation is accounted that of Achaia in which floud that Province was submerg'd This Deluge was 540 years after that of Noah and by Computists affirmed to be about the 90 year of Jacob the Patriark Deucalion's was the third in the Country of Thessalia about 100 years after the building of Rome this Deucalion was son to Promethe us Prince of Greece who in a Boat saved himself and his Family from the fury of the floud on mount Parnassus this is that Deluge which Ovid mentions in his Metam Lib. 1. which swallow'd up the Atlantike and divers other parts and great Territories in Europe Yet it is a general received opinion that he had perused the old Testament by relating how the World in time to come should be destroyed with Fire as in these Verses Esse quoque in fatis reminiscitur affore tempus Quo mare quo tellus correptaque regia coeli Ardeat Mundi moles operosa laboret In the last year of Nero Cesar's raign new Rivers did spring out of the Earth and others did alter their courses and former channels as it is recorded by Pliny lib. 2. cap. 103 and about that time some Rivers were observed to run backward as if they would have returned contrary to course into the Earths bowels again or to shew the preposterous courses of the Tyrant that ript open his Mothers womb to see from whence he came Conimbricensis Tract 11. cap. 8. Mete writeth how that in the raign of Emanuel King of Lusitania the waters in the River Tagus did part themselves running with two streams on either side and the middle of the Channel void of water Nilus the famous River of Egypt and wonder of the World upon the Cosmical rising of the Dog-Star does overflow the fruitful valleys enriching the soyl and so producing an annual crop yet some years these floods have proved extraordinary as you may read in Pliny lib. 5. cap. 9. the greatest flood that ever was observed there is recorded to be 15 cubits high in the time of Claudian the Emperour the least that ever was known is reported to be a little before the bloudy and fatal field of Pharsalia between Pompey the great and Cesar the Conquerour In the year of Mans Redemption 1521 the Rivers of Rhine and Maze with some others of lesser note both in Germany and the Low Countrys by the extraordinary Tides and swelling of the Seas forced these Rivers to overflow their banks which inundation overwhelmed 72 villages in which perished above 100,000 people with inumerable multitudes of Cattel of several kinds this I find recorded by Mr. John Stow in his Anuals of Henry the 8. Many strange and portentious births have been produced in all ages not onely to the terrour of Man but to the astonishment even of Nature and these with many other stupendious prodigies for brevity sake I let pass and will conclude with those recorded of the Romans more furious and bloudy then the worst of civil wars and thus Virg. lib. 1. Geor. Vox quoque per lucos vulgo exaudita silentes Ingens simulacra modis pallentia miris Visa sub obscurum noctis pecudesque locutae Infandum sistunt amnes terraeque dehiscunt Of Earth-quakes and their wonderfull effects THe moving of a Coach or Cart will make houses sensibly to shake and tremble according to the motion or Weight of the Carriages more especially in towns where there are many vaults or Cellers and the streets paved in one continuum with