it 1 Sam. 4.13 Where the Ark of God was 2 Sam. 6.12 a Blessing did accompany it When the Israelites presumed to go to War against the Canaanites without the Ark they were overthrown Phil. 3 7 So Gods People have Christ in high account What joy was there at his Birth Luke 2.10 How was the Church pierced at his loss Cant. 5.6 Eph. 1.3 Eph. 2.12 God blesseth his with all spiritual Blessings in Christ but they that are without Christ are without Hope 6. There are three especial Wonders expresly set down to be wrought by the Ark. 1. The dividing of Jordan till the Israelites passed over from the Wilderness to Canaan and then the returning of the Water to his course again Heb. 10.20 Josh chap. 3 and 4. So by Christ a Way is made through the Sea of this World to the Heavenly Canaan 2. The falling down of the Walls of Jericho Josh 6.12 So by Christ strong and mighty Holds are cast down 2 Cor. 10.4 Eph. 2.14 Col. 2.15 3. The falling of Dagon before the Ark 2 Sam. 5.4 6 and Judgments executed upon the Philistims So by Christ the Idols of the World fall down yea Mark 3.11 Heb. 12.29 the very Devils themselves Christ is a consuming fire to such as have him not in due account 7. After that the Ark had removed up and down from place to place a place of Rest was sought for it 2 Sam. 7.2 and found for it 1 King 8.8 Thus Christ after his many Travels and Troubles on Earth Hebr. 1.3 found a Resting-place in Heaven Christ and Aarons Rod. In Heb. 9. p. 319. Of this hear Dr. Gouge 1. Of what kinde soever the Rod were it 's certain that it was cut from a Tree very dry past sprouting and springing according to the course of Nature a dry stick as we say This typifies Christ who came from the stock of Man but as a withered branch The House of David was not known in the World when Christ sprang out of it for Herod did what he could to destroy that whole stock The meanness and poverty of Joseph and Mary was a means to keep them from the notice of Herod Christ also in his own Person was as a dry withered stick from his Birth to the thirtieth year of his age he lived in a private low and mean condition yea afterwards though he did such Works as might have made him famous yet he was exceedingly despised and at the time of his death apprehended as a Traytor arraigned scourged buffeted and many other ways most vilely handled and crucified between two Thieves dead and buried 2. This Rod is said to be Aarons Rod it 's probable that it was like to the Rods of the Heads of the other Tribes Num. 17.2 because their several Names were written upon them Thus Christ taking upon him Mans nature was as other men 3. This Rod of Aaron budded brought forth Buds bloomed Blossoms and yielded Almonds These typified the Glory of the Lord Jesus who notwithstanding his foresaid meanenesse was declared to be the promised Messiah the King of Israel 4. The kinde of fruit that was brought forth is said to be Almonds which are a sweet and pleasant fruit yea wholesome and medicinable Most sure it is that the truth is so Nothing more sweet and pleasant nothing more wholesome and medicinable then the fruit of all manner of grace that sprouteth out of Christ 5. By the foresaid fruit of Aarons rod Num. 17.5 Aaron was manifested to be chosen the high Priest of God So was Christ by his glorious works and manner of preaching by his Death Resurrection and Ascension and gifts that he gave manifested to be appointed of God our high Priest 6. Num 17.10 After the foresaid evidence of Aarons being chosen of God by his rod that rod was set before the Testimony So Christ Heb. 8.1 after the foresaid evidences of glory is set in Heaven at Gods right hand Christ and the Mercy-seat Of this Dr. Gouge thus 1. In Heb. 9. p. 322. The Mercy-seat is an especial type of Christ for he is expressely a propitiation Rom. 3.25 1 Joh. 2.2 2. It was made of pure gold Exod. 25.17 this typified the excellency purity and Eternity of Christ 3. The Mercy-seat was two cubites and an half in length and a cubit and half in breadth The measure was just the same that the Ark was of Exod. 25.10 17. It was a cover for the Ark and therefore every way fit for it of the same size This shewes that Christ is every way fit for the purpose to which he is put Ex. 25.21 4. The Mercy-seat was put upon the Ark for it was to be a cover unto it This shewes that the rigor of the Law in accusing and condemning all that have not perfectly fulfilled the same is suppressed by the mediation of Christ and the attonement which he hath made for us 1 Joh. 2.2 Well therefore is he called a propitiation for us And hereupon the Apostle saies Rom. 8.1 There is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Exod. 25.22 5. The end and use of the Mercy-seat is thus expressed by God There will I meet with thee And I will commune with thee from above the Mercy-seat So that it was a place for God to manifest his presence and to declare his will thereat This typified Christ to be the mean of Gods manifesting his presence and declaring his will to us Joh. 14.9 10 Never was there so lively a representation of Gods presence as in and by Christ Never was Gods will so fully and clearly made known Joh. 1.18 as by Christ On Exod. 25.17 c. Ainsworth also ownes the comparison between Christ and the Mercy-seat in several particulars Rom. 3.25 1. This is saies he applyed by the Apostle unto Christ who is called Gods propitiatory through faith in his blood to declare Gods justice for the remission of sins that are past and so another Apostle saies 1 Joh. 2.2 He is the propitiation for our sins So this Mercy-seat on which God did sit between the two Cherubims was a figure of Christ by whom our transgressions of the Law are forgiven and covered 2. Speaking of the Cherubims he addes These may diversly be applyed unto Christ whose mediation was signified by the Mercy-seat 2 King 6.17 Psal 68.18 Heb. 1.6 14 and to the ministers of God both the Angels in Heaven Gods fiery Chariots whose service he often uses for his Honour and to attend upon Christ and upon his Church into whose mysteries they desire to look 1 Pet. 1.12 and his Ministers also on earth Ezek. 28.14 Rev. 4.6 8 Ezek. 1.5 6 10. for Kings are called by the name of Cherubs And the four living creatures with eyes and wings which were Cherubims as appears by comparison with that of the Prophet Ezekiel are of them that are redeemed
sexta aetate in plenitudine temporum missus est Filius Dei qui factus est homo sub lege ut nos a peccato morte liberaret Adam was created on the sixth day so in the sixth Age in the fulnesse of Time the Son of God was sent who was made man and under the Law that he might free us from sin and from death 2. Post creatum Adamum die sexto secutum est Sabbatum quo Deus quievit ab operibus suis sic post missum Christum hac sexta aetate nullus praeterea Servator expectatur novissime enim per Filium locutus est Heb. 1.2 sed Sabbatum aeternum expectandum est De Creat part 3. l. 1. c. 1. p. 605. 2. After Adam created on the sixth day followed the Sabboth in which God rested from his works so after Christ sent in the sixth Age no other Saviour is to be looked for for now in the last dayes he hath spoken by his Son Heb. 1.2 but an Eternal Sabboth is to be expected by us CHAP. III. Christ and Abel compared OF this hear S. Austin Abel the younger brother was slain by his elder brother Occiditur Abel minor natu à fratre majore natu Christus occiditur caput populi minoris natu à populo Judaeorum majori natu ille in Campo iste in monte Calvariae contr Faust Manich. l. 12. c. 9. namely Cain and Christ the head of the younger people namely the Gentiles was slain by the elder people the Jewes Abel in the field Christ in the mount Calvary And a little after he addes The voice of the blood of Abel cried to God from the earth Vox sanguinis Abelis ad Deum de terra Clamavit habet magnam vocem sanguis Christi Maledictus est Cain à terra maledictus est populus Judaeorum infidelis ab Ecclesia Ibid. c. 11. and the blood of Christ hath a loud voice Cain was cursed from the earth and the incredulous people of the Jewes is cursed from the Church Christ and Seth. The storie of the Fathers c. p. 43. Broughton makes the comparison thus The name Seth signifies foundation and Christ is the rock and sure foundation of his Church Seth was begot in the image of his father Adam and Christ is the very character of his fathers person Heb. 1.3 The story of the Fathers c. p. 49. Christ and Lamech not that Lamech that was of Cains family but another of that name who was of Seths house of a far different nature Broughton makes the comparison thus His name signifies striken or heart-wounded And he was so called in respect of some inward sorrow that he should bear for the afflictions of the sword And Christ was both outwardly stricken and inwardly wounded Outwardly when in the open Hall he was buffeted scourged and spit at and upon the Cross peirced both hands feet and sides Inwardly when he was reviled with blasphemous speeches at his death and when instead of drink to comfort him they gave him gall and myrrhe mingled together but most especially when his guiltlesse soul did suffer torments to redeem our guilty souls from the tryal of Satan Christ and Henoch Broughton makes the parallel thus The history of the Fathers c. p. 54. Henoch was a Prophet for he prophesied of the destruction of the world by the floud and Christ was a Prophet and prophesied of the destruction of the world Henoch walked with God and Christ did the will of his Father The dayes of Henoch were as the dayes of the Sun 365 yeares according to the dayes of the year a day for a year And Christ is the bright Sun of justice whose dayes are as the dayes of the Sun Christ and Methuselah Broughton makes Methuselah a type of Christ in regard of his name The name The history of the Fathers c. p. 65. Methuselah signifies spoile-death or spear-death And Christ both died Rom. 14.9 and rose again and revived that he might be Lord of quick and dead And he suffered death Heb. 2.14 that by his death he might overcome him that had the power of death Christ and Noah Sicut Noe sic Christus bibit de vinea sua illum calicem qui transire non potuit dormiit in passione sua ita nudabatur carnis mortalis infirmitas Contr. Faust Manich. l. 12. c. 24. Of this hear St. Austin also As Noah so Christ drunk of his Vineyard that Cup which could not pass by him and so the infirmity of his mortal body was discovered The History of the Fathers c. p. 56 Broughton thus compares Christ and Noah Noah was a Preacher of Righteousness and Christ was the true Preacher of Righteousness Dan. 9. Noah found grace before God and Christ grew in favor with God and man Luke 2. Noah was a King Prophet and Sacrificer and so was Christ CHAP. IV. HItherto I have set before you the Types of Christ that lived before the Flood now follow those that lived after the Flood before the giving of the Law upon Mount Sinai Christ and Melchisedech It is plain that the Scripture makes Melchisedech a Type of Christ for both it was in the Old Testament foretold that Christ should be a Priest after the order of Melchisedech Psa 110.4 and our blessed Apostle noting the accomplishment of that Prophesy Heb. 6.20 Heb. 7.1 3 4. affirms That he was made a Priest after the order of Melchisedech and then he proceeds in many words to set out and describe this Melchisedech from whence many of the Divines of the Reformed Church have taken knowledg of many resemblances between Christ and Melchisedech Among the rest Goulartius takes knowledg of these Melchisedech was both King and Priest Melchisedech fuit Rex sacerdos talis revera est Christus unus fuit Rex pacis justitiae Talis est Christus unus revera Proponitur Melchisedech spectandus ut principio fine carens cum nec pater nec mater nec majores nec mors ejus describantur talis revera est silius Dei sacerdos nimirum aeternus quatenus Deus sine matre ineffabiliter genitus quatenus homo sine Patre ineffabiliter conceptus Melchisedech ratione sacerdotii fuit ipso Abrahaemo superior utpote quem decimavit cui ut sacerdos benedixit talis revera est Christus a quo pendet ipsius Abrahami omnium credentium sanctificatio atque adeo quem ut omnium autorem colere venerari omnes debent An. in Cypr. p. 182. col 2. Sicut ille Abrahae milites refecit ita Dominus relinquendo Sacramentum coenae Dei Patris exercitum Ecclesiam inquam suam perpetuo restaurat Annot. in Cypr. p. 505. col 2. init and such indeed is Christ alone He was King of Peace and Righteousnesse such indeed is Christ alone Melchisedeck is set out to be considered as
no more Think we Is it not much more perswasive to have God himself speaking then onely to read what is written from him And who desires not more to see his Friend and to hear him speak then to receive a Letter from him And as for those godly Persons to whom the Son of God did not appear they had yet their Ancestors that could tell them I have seen the Lord And the Lord hath spoken to me Yea it was far more commodious for the Church which was to enjoy the benefit of the written Word that the foregoing Church should thus be delt withall by Visions Apparitions c. without a written Word then to have had a written Word from the begining without these for this was a mean to gain more credit to the Scripture which was to follow as it appears by that speech of God to Moses Lo I come unto thee in a thick Cloud Exod. 19.9 that the People may hear when I speak unto thee and believe thee for ever In which words God gives this as a Reason why the Israelites should hear God speaking to Moses before Moses should write any thing namely that they should be moved to believe him for ever And so is the case here So that all that space of time which went before the Scripture was to succeeding ages as a preparative to stir up the mindes of men to receive read and hear the Scriptures to be afterwards delivered to the Church with more reverence and undoubted Faith But God would have the Word afterwards commited to writing because then it was needful for that the Church was then much enlarged into many Families and therefore there would have been great uncertainty in matters of Religion and much danger of corruption unless God should still have appeared and spoken to the Fathers of the several Families or unless there were one Prophet in common to teach them all neither of which were or had been so convenient So that had not this heavenly Doctrine been committed to writing there would have been as hath been said much danger of corruption yea we see that before even when the Church was in a narrower compass there was corruption Adam had God revealing his Will to him immediately Gen. 4. 6. and yet Cain his Son brought in corruption yea and afterwards the Sons of God corrupted Religion by their unlawful Marriages God restored the purity of Doctrine to Noah and he teaches it to his Posterity and they being dispersed over the face of the Earth it was committed specially to the Posterity of Shem and yet within the space of two hundred years Terah Josh 24.2 Gen. 20 the Father of Abraham serves other gods God again restores the purity of Doctrine to Abraham and makes him a Prophet Isaac succeeds him and Jacob him who dying commends the keeping of it to his Posterity and it 's probable it was kept pure as long as the Sons of Jacob lived but from the death of Jacob's Sons until their departure out of Egypt there were not many above an hundred years and yet the Rule of Godliness was so worn out in that short space of time Ezek. 20.7 8 that even those Israelites bred and born in Egypt forsooke the Religion of their Fathers and took up the Customs of Egypt and became Egyptian Idolaters Much greater danger there would have been of corruption afterwards if the Rule of Godliness had not then been committed to Writing And therefore it pleased God in his Wisdom and Mercy that now at length the Rule of Godliness should be written both to prevent the Errors which might otherwise have prevailed against the Church and also that the Church might have a Rule certain and certainly known by which to try all Doctrines and Practices whatsoever According to that of the Prophet To the Law and to the Testimony Isai 8.20 If they speak not according to that Word it is because there is no Light in them Stand we still and wonder at the Goodness and Wisdom of our gracious God so providing for his Church and answering her necessities so managing his Dispensations as may be most suitable to the condition of the Church particularly in this That he contents himself to deliver this Rule of Godliness by word of mouth when there was less danger of corruption but then committing it to Writing when there was more danger in this kinde Fail we not Psalm 96.8 to give unto God the Glory due to his Name even the Glory of his incomprehensible Wisdom and unspeakable Mercy But be we also careful to answer Gods expectation herein And having this written Word as a sure Rule by which to try all Doctrines Eph. 4.14 Let us not be as Children tossed up and down with every wind of Doctrine let us not believe every spirit but try the spirits 1 John 4.1 whether they be of God or not If we be deceived and led into Error having in our hands such a Rule of Tryal who shall pity us But Saint Chrysostom gives another Reason of this various Administration of the Rule of Godliness In the begining God spake to men by himself so he spake to Adam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Ab initio per seipsum loquebatur hominibus Deus secundum quod audire eis erat possibile Sic cum Adam locutus refertur sic cum Noe sic cum Abraham c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Vbi autem genus nostrum proclivius in malitiam declinavit à Parente Conditore suo quasi longa quadam peregrinatione discessit confabulatione cessante literis epistolis ad eos tanquam longe à se positos utitur quibus eos veteris cujusdam amicitiae familiaritatis admoneat Tom. 2. in Genes Ser. 1. to Noah to Abraham c. But when Mankinde declined downwards to Wickedness and as taking a long journy departed from their Father and Maker the Confabulation ending he uses Letters and Epistles to them as being far absent from him by which he brings to their minde that Friendship and Familiarity which sometimes they had with him 2. Another difference in this Administration of the Rule of Godliness is in regard of the Persons to whom it was discovered then to one Nation now to all Nations Exo. 10.22 23 As it was in the Plague of Darkness that was upon Egypt all Egypt was in the dark onely the Hebrews in Goshen had Light so was it in the Times of the Old Testament That Light of saving Truth did then shine onely among the Jews all the World besides was then in Darkness It is the Confession that David made He hath shewed his Word unto Jacob Psa 147.19 20 his Statutes and Judgments unto Israel He hath not so delt with any other Nation and as for his Judgments they have not known them To this also Saint Paul gives his Attestation first of the Jews to that question What advantage hath the Jew
appeares not to our eyes and yet its certain that the Church hath alway a being and is alway enlightened by Christ her Sun So saies Whitaker against Campian Thinkest thou that thou canst perswade us An tu te posse putes nobis persuadere eum esse Ecclesiae statum ut obscurari nequeat ut nil perfidia nil hostes nil Antichristus valeat Delere hi quidem Ecclesiam nunquam possunt in angustias compingere compellere in latebras possunt Ecclesiam Augustinus lunae similem esse dixit quae nunc tota lucet solis incensa radiis nunc luminis magna parte privatur nunc lumen omnino nullum ostendit Ita Ecclesia interdum lumine clarissimo illustratur interdum obscurior apparet interdum vix apparet quidem Ad Campian ra◠3. that the state of the Church is such that it cannot be obscured so that the perfidiousness of enemies and Antichrist can do nothing against it They cannot indeed destroy the Church but they can bring it into a narrow compass and drive it into holes Augustine saies the Church is like the Moon which sometimes shines wholely being enlightened with the Sun-beams sometimes is deprived of a great part of her light and sometimes shewes no light at all So the Church shines sometimes more gloriously sometimes it s more obscured and sometime it hardly appears at all He proceeds to make it manifest by example The face of the Jewish Church saies he was glorious under David and Solomon Si Ecclesiae illius tanta vastitas esse potuit ut ex omni illo piorum numero nullus omnino reliquus esse videretur etsi reliqui erant re permulti mirum esse non potest in regno Antichristi qui omnes Achabos Jezabelas immanitate superat ita fuisse direptam Ecclesiam ut mira esset fidelium solitudo Nec tamen in ista Ecclesiae vastatione efficere potuit Antichristus quin multae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sanctorum remanserint qui genua nunquam bestiae flexerint nec signum ejus inuri permiserint Ibid. but under Ahab it was so obscured that Eliah complained that besides himself there was none left And thence he infers ' If that Church could be so wasted that of all that number of godly men none seemed to be left though indeed many were left seven thousand saies God it is no wonder if in the Kingdome of Antichrist who exceeds all Ahabs and Jezabels in cruelty the Church was so laid waste that there was so great a solitude of the faithful Yet neither was Antichrist able in that devastation of the Church to prevail but that there remained thousands of Saints which bowed not the knee to the Beast nor received his mark Hence we may frame an answer to the Romanists frequently assailing us with that question Where was your Church before Luther for this is the confident assertion of Campian the Jesuit of us That for fifteen Ages we cannot finde any one Town or Village or House Quindecim seculis non oppidum non villam non domum reperire possumus imbutum doctrina nostra rat 3. holding our Religion namely till the time of Luther Zuinglius and Calvin But learned Whitaker doth justly deny it Id falsissimum est Campiane Temporibus enim Apostolicis omnes Ecclesiae omnes urbes omnia oppida familiae omnes eandem fidem religionem coluerunt quam nos profitemur Ibid. This is most false saies he for in the times of the Apostles all Churches all Cities all Towns all Families held the same faith which we professe he means all Cities Townes and Families in which the Church was planted by the Apostles And the truth of this may with ease be manifested by comparing the particulars of our Religion professed by the Reformed Churches with the Religion of those Apostolical Churches but that would take up too much time It s true that sometimes the Church hath been much obscured and kept under the hatches yet still there hath been a Church that hath maintained the faith of Christ against heresies springing up When Arianisme prevailed most under the Emperors Constantius and Valens there wanted not those that maintained the faith of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father And when Heathenisme had the upper hand under the Emperors that were before Constantine the great and under Julian that infamous Apostate who succeeded Constantius still there were such as professed the Christian faith and defended it against the heathen resisting for it even unto blood And so in the times when as the Church lay under the greatest darkness by reason of the Apostasy and Tyranny of the Romane Synagogue even in all Ages there have been such as have professed and defended even unto death the faith of Christ received from the Apostles against the Heresies and abominable Superstitions of Rome witness the glorious Martyrs that have suffered death for the cause of Religion in all those times both at home and abroad So that to this question of the Romanists we may justly answer that our Church was before Luther though not alway equally appearing but sometimes as some grains of corn covered over with chaff in the floor and as fire on the hearth in the night-time covered over with ashes CHAP. XI The Church and a Mother SAint Paul makes use of this resemblance while he saies That Jerusalem Gal. 4.16 which is above is the mother of us all on which place hear Luther This Jerusalem saies he which is above is the Church Est illa Hierusalem coelestis quae sursum est Ecclesia id est credentes per totum orbem qui idem evangelium eandem fidem in Christum eundem Spiritum Sanctum eadem Sacramenta habent Ideo sursum non intellige de Ecclesia triumphante in coelis sed de militante in terris In loc that is believers dispersed through the whole World which have the same Gospel the same faith in Christ the same holy Ghost and the same Sacraments Understand this therefore that it s here said above not of the Church-triumphant in Heaven but of the Church Militant on Earth And this Church is the mother of us all that is of all believers both Jewes and Gentiles both high and low both rich and poor for towards us all she doth perform all the offices of a mother as Saint Austin speakes excellently The mother Mater Ecclesia mater est Patris tui matrisque tuae haec nos ex Christo concepit haec martyrum sanguine parturivit haec in sempiternam lucem peperit haec fidei lacte nutrivit nutrit Ep. 38. ad Laetum the Church saies he is the mother of thy Father and of thy Mother she hath conceived thee of Christ she hath travelled of thee by the blood of the Martyrs she hath brought thee forth to the everlasting light she hath nourished and doth nourish thee with the milk