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death_n	age_n	time_n	year_n	5,388	5	4.9453	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26840	The history of the administration of Cardinal Ximenes, great minister of state in Spain written originally in French, by the sieur Michael Baudier of Languedoc ... and translated into English By W. Vaughan.; Histoire de l'administration du Cardinal Ximenes, grand ministre d'estat en Espagne. English	Baudier, Michel, 1589?-1645.; Vaughan, Walter.	1671 (1671)	Wing B1164; ESTC R6814	92,466	210

he daunted it this insolent Proclamation that destroyed his Authority and Annulled his command But some dayes after with the generosity and gravity natural to him he sent for Navarr gave Orders and commanded him to do what was necessary and fit to be done Navarr obeyed him acknowledged his fault begg'd his pardon and was reconciled to him The Cardinal embraced him commended him in publick and told him he deserved worthily the name of Captain but after their arrival in Spain he set forth his humours and extravagancies to the King and advised him not to give him the Government of Oran nor any Authority in the Affairs of Africk that the haughtiness of his Nature rendred him unfit for such imployments and was proper only for the command of Armies wherein he behaved himself as a man of valour and great undertaking The Cardinal had in the mean time commanded the guards of the Port of Africk to send him all the Letters that came from Spain without any respect to their address to others they send him a packet directed to Navarr he opens it where he finds the Kings command to Navarr that if the Cardinals presence were requisite in Africk he should keep him there as long as he could and disswade him from crossing the Sea The Cardinal being of a temper natural to all great spirits Melancholick and Suspicious imagined the King had written this with design to ruine him and that supposing the strength of his Aged body much impaired by the toiles of the Warr he gave this command in hopes he would soon pine away and end his life there This hastened his return so that about the end of May he went on Board and soon after arrived at Carthagene The first Action he did after his Arrival in Spain was to Execute an Article of his Testament whereby he appointed that in case the Warr of Africk brought any Damage to the Villages of the Diocess of Toledo by reason of the great number of Peasants he had imployed in the Warr Reparation should be made out of his Estate which he did himself in all places where he held it necessary A vertuous man ought not to leave that good undone till his Death which he can perform in his life The Cardinal arrived at Court continued his good Counsels for the advancement of the State he proposed to Ferdinand to change the Residence of the Knights of Saint James from the Monastery of Volsan in Spain into the City of Oran in Africk And that to merit the Commanderies they should serve twenty years without parting thence that so many years elapsed they should succeed in the Commanderies by their Seniority and Services This said he will strengthen your Militia in Africk and render it formidably a number of Gentlemen who commonly exceed others in valour This advice if embraced had been attended with great advantages but the King refused it only to reserve in himself the power to preferr whom he pleased to these Commanderies The year following in the beginning of January the Army Led by the Cardinal into Africk continued their progress and advanced farther into the Countrey Peter of Navarr took the Town of Bugia and about the end of July following that of Tripoly but relapsing into his Vice of ingratitude against the Cardinal he joyned with Vianelli who followed his passion in endeavouring to rend in pieces the Cardinals name and destroy the reputation of him who had advanced him to the prime Offices of the Warr. But as great Men prosper by their Generosity so unthankful wretches perish by ingratitude Vianelli having abused an Ensign in Africk was by him betrayed to the Moors who stabbed him in his sleep Peter of Navarr soon after on change of Fortune changed his party and sideing with the French in the Wars of Italy was taken and imprisoned by the Spaniards where the miserable incommodities of a prison brought him to that height of despair that the Spaniards say he attempted his own life and in hope to end his miseries ended his dayes by his own hand so tragical was the Catastrophe of these two men signal for their envy and remarkable for their enmity to the glory of the Cardinal their Benefactour Peter Arias a valiant Captain famous for many gallant actions in the same Warr of Africk hath merited eternal praises for his constant payment of the respect and acknowledgements due to the Cardinal who imployed him This recommended him to the favour of the Court where he obtained the charge of General of the Fleet to the West-Indies against the savage Cannibals feeding on humane flesh There he became famous for his remarkable familiarity with death for being taken with an incurable malady that sensibly threatned to bring him lingeringly by degrees to his Grave and finding himself past hope of remedy he caused a Grave to be digged in a Church where he went every day to hear Mass which being ended he went to his Grave and lay along in it celebrating in his life his own Funeral As he lay in this Posture the Priest with his Laver sprinkled Holy Water over him and Chanted a Libera where it needed not This done he rose again before death went out of his Grave and made to his Lodgings His wife and friends imputing this Action to Melancholy more than Vertue or Devotion endeavoured to divert him from it But he seriously answered I Do this to Accustome my self by little and little to an habitation where I must long abide And though Dead men need no Accustomance to their Long home yet such was the Meditation of this gallant Captain Arias upon death which though a stranger to his mind in the Warrs where he had it daily in his Eye he practised in peace in all its parts and Circumstances Man better thinks of his end in repose and tranquility of Spirit than in the troubles of Affairs and passions that distract him The envy that attaqued the Cardinal in the beginning and progress of the Warr of Africk could not hinder him from obtaining over and above the glory of having planted the Cross there and extended the limits of Spain to the other side of the Sea the reputation of a Captain fit to command Armies generous in Enterprize prudent in Conduct and hardy in Execution Order and Discipline the soul of Warr as well as other Affairs of the World was wisely established and carefully kept during his command insomuch that the old Spanish Soldiers long after his death gave this testimony of his conduct in Warr that Captains and Soldiers were never in greater honour and esteem nor the Musters better paid than in his Time 'T is admirable that a Man bred in a Cloyster having never made profession of Armes imployed to the Age of Seventy years in Ecclesiastical Functions became capable in a Moment to command an Army like him in former Ages of whom it is observed that he went from the Republick less than a Soldier became by the way an

the Monastery being the Center A year was scarce elapsed but he was drawn out thence to take on him the charge of Warden of the Covent of Salceda where he kept the Fryars within the Rules of their Order more by the example of his good life than the commands of a Superiour But 't is the Priviledge of Courts to enter into Cloisters and take thence such men whom Fortune hath designed to partake of their Grandieurs Isabel Queen of Spain calles him to Court in the year 1492. and by the advice of Cardinal Mendoza Archbishop of Toledo makes him her Confessor In this eminent place he gave proofs of great vertues without any exception but that of intermedling with Matters of State wherein he exceeded his Call and strained beyond his Charge and his Frock This perhaps gave those of his Order occasion to draw him back from Court to a Religious imployment by choosing him their Provincial for three years And here he gave a most pregnant proof of the indifferency of his spirit for the affairs of Court and of the great love he bore his Order by going from Court more willingly than he had come into it and imploying his time in visiting the Religious Houses under his charge Coming to Gibraltar moved with a charitable zeal for the salvation of the Infidels he designed a Voyage into Africk at the peril of his life to instruct the Moors there in the Christian faith but a Fryar of his Order and in great esteem for Piety disswaded him assuring him God had prepared him a great imployment in Spain He travelled on foot and begged but was such a bungler at the Trade and begged so untowardly that he seldom carried any but an empty bagg which made Franeis Rouys his companion tell him he must give over begging for that no man was more certainly born to give to all and begg of none than he And had not the care of Rouys stood him in more stead than his begging Alms he had made more Fast-dayes than the Rules of his Order required So unfit to begg are Great Spirits being naturally disposed to Give not to Ask. CAP. III. FOrtune which had designed him for the prime Prelate of Spain took care soon after to furnish his strong inclinations for the Good of mankind with means competent to express his Good nature in acts of benificence answerable to the Greatness of his Soul Cardinal Mendoza Archbishop of Toledo laboured under two maladies the one incurable the other dangerous Age and a Feavour which induced him to go to Guadalfayre to take the benefit of that Ayre he drew at his birth Ferdinand and Isabel King and Queen of Spain went thither to visit him This honour had saved the Cardinals life if death had regarded the presence of Kings who are themselves his Homagers Mendoza now drawing near to his end gave his Master these three sage Counsels 1. To make peace with the King of France and keep it inviolable when made 2. To marry the Infant John Designed Successor of their Crowns to Joan since the wise of Alphonso King of Portugal pretendant to the Kingdom of Castile 3. To conferr the Archbishoprick of Toledo on a person of mean Condition but of great integrity and extraordinary Capacity That these qualities were apparently eminent in the person of Ximenes That the Grandees of Spain proud enough of the Titles they are born to become intolerably insolent by the addition of those of great Dignities These Princes slighted the first Advice to the prejudice and notorious damage of Christendom which smarted for their contempt of it as the Spanish histories ingenuously Confess The third they embraced which Coming to the Knowledge of Ximenes he remonstrates to them that the Dignity of the Archbishoprick of Toledo being the prime of the State as well spiritual as temporal which gave the person invested in it the priviledge of speaking next the King in the Council-Royal ought to be given to the most illustrious and Ancient Gentry of the Kingdom Cardinal Mendoza quitted his life and the Archbishoprick together in the year 1496. Ferdinand would have preferred his natural son Don Alphonso Archbishop of Saragosa to this great Benefice But Isabel who had right of Presentation to it as Queen of Castile preferred the vertue of Ximenes before the birth of Don Alphonso and the intreaties of the King her husband The year ensuing they presented Ximenes to succeed in this Grand Prelature no less in dignity than Revenue which amounts to two hundred thousand Ducats a year Ximenes forced by express Mandat from the Pope accepts it At his first nomination he left the Court and fled on foot to a Covent of his Order a great way from Madrid to avoid investiture in the Archbishoprick But returning in obedience to the Pope he declared to Ferdinand and Isabel that he would never consent that this Rich Benefice should be charged with one farthing pension as prejudicial to the dignity and liberty of the prime pastor of Spain Now hath he just cause to meddle in Affairs of the State as being one of the most considerable members thereof This sudden change of fortune shook not his Constancy nor altered his setled Resolutions of adhering to vertue Yet was he as free from mean and base Actions as from the Corruptions that usually attend great fortunes he made it appear that no dignity could be so great as to exceed his capacity no Grandure in the gift of fortune to which his soul was not commensurate though in his plenty of Fortune and Eminence of place he continued the plainness of a Religious life Piety hath brought plenty and abundance of Riches into the Church And by the disorders of the world the Daughter hath devoured the Mother so that there are more Ecclesiasticks Rich than Pious Ximenes was not of their number for amidst the Treasure of that Great Revenue he kept inviolable that poverty that exalts Great Personages above the height of fortune and consists in the contempt and sober use of these perishing enjoyments And as if he had been afraid to lose the least part of it he continued the practises of that Poverty which the Rules of Religion exact from its strictest votaries The Pomp of a Cardinal and Attendance of the Prime Prelate of Spain could not keep him from retyring into a private place from the eyes of his domestiques to mend with his own hands the frock he had wore among those of his Order so that after his death in a Box whereof in his Life-time he constantly kept the Key there were found needles thred and pieces of Gray Cloth of the Colour of his Frock which he laid up for that use He slept on a Friers pallet which he had hid in his Chamber where stood his Bed of state And that his family might not perceive it he made it his custom to go to bed and rise alone without attendants and his door shut When he was first made Archbishop he rid

money and would have borrowed it of the Cardinal but he refused to lend it telling him boldly the moneys arising from his Ecclesiastical Revenues were neither his nor his Majesties but belonged to the poor of the Arch-bishoprick of Toledo whose necessities could not give way to the Loan he proposed Nevertheless the Cardinals merit prevailed more with Ferdinand than the memory of this Refusal having mused awhile his mind altered and he tells the Councellors Were it possible to frame a person of purpose fitted with vertues proper for the Government of my Kingdoms he could not be more capable than the Cardinal to discharge it if we could mitigate the excessive severity of his nature and temper it with some sweetness of disposition he hath to this time acknowledged Queen Isabels favours and mine and will certainly retain a grateful memory of them for the future with that he declared him administrator General of Spain and presently after breathed his last This change of the Testament at Burgos alarm'd the Governours of Prince Ferdinand they perswaded him to take on him the Government of the Kingdom and dispatch Patents in his name to the Councellors of State requiring their attendance to advise him in the Government One of them upon receipt of his Letters made Answer We will go to the Prince to pay him our respects but we know no King but Caesar which allusion to that piece of holy Scripture proved Prophetical Charles then King being afterwards Emperour The Cardinal in the mean time enters on the Government of Spain where he was so absolute that having long since the purpose of the Church he wanted only that of a Monarch and the name of a King he held the Government two years which he managed with prudence integrity and magnanimity inseparable from his actions he bore up couragiously against the disturbers of the publick peace and wisely appeased the Troubles of Spain checked and suppressed the boldness of the great Ones and plucked out of their hands the estates of the meaner sort ravished from them by violence and injustice insomuch that Spain did then acknowledge and confesses to this day She never enjoyed so perfect repose so secure a peace as under the conduct of the Cardinal who made it appear that the happiness of the people is so far from being inconsistent with the glory of Administration that the direct way for a Minister of State to acquire glory and honour is by imploying his cares with prudence and generosity to procure and promote the good of the People CAP. X. THE first Action he did after opening King Ferdinand's Testament which declared him Regent of Spain was The taking of Prince Ferdinand into his care And having given him a Retinue befitting his birth he kept him alwayes neer him to prevent the great Ones of Spain from drawing him to their party and making him their head to follow the motion of the members and to be at the discretion of his pretended Vassals After this he took order for performance of the honours due to Queen Germaine and the Maintenance of her family suitable to her dignity The Crosses that rendred his Conduct more illustrious attacqued him early Adrian of Vtrecht Dean of Lorain was sent by Charles into Spain in Ferdinand's sickness with Patents for the Government of Spain in case Ferdinand dyed After his death Adrian declared his Charge published his Patents in full Council and would have taken upon him the Soveraign administration of affairs The Cardinal opposed it and Remonstrates that by the Testament of Queen Isabel King Ferdinand was made Regent of the Kingdom untill Charles should have attained the Age of twenty years that Ferdinand being dead before that time he was by his Testament to succeed in his room And therefore the Regency belonged to him alone Moreover that by the Laws of the Kingdom it was prohibited that a Stranger should Govern the State and that Adrian being a Fleming his birth excluded him from what he pretended to This Contest had Abettors and maintainers on both parts the Cardinal had the good Patriots on his side and Adrian was upheld by the ambitious Grandees who desired nothing more than trouble to gain by Charles who was in Flanders must determine the difference but while his Judgement was expected the Cardinal and Adrian Governed joyntly and both signed all Orders and Commands though Adrian was but the shadow to follow the motions of the Cardinal as the substance acting in the publick Affairs The first that by Armes disturbed the publick peace was Peter Porto Carrero Brother to the Duke of Ascalon whose Successours are at this day Marquesses of Villa-nova This man of great power among the Portuguese beyond the River Guadiana stirred up the people on that side the River to take up Arms and set all in confusion throughout that Province his design was to possess himself by force of the great Mastership of St. James which the great Gonsalve pretended to and attended so long till death put an end to his pretensions his hopes his life and his displeasures Porto Carrero had obtained the Pope's Bulls to succeed Ferdinand in case he survived him On the other side Prince Charles who was in Flanders had the Pope's Bulls for the three great Commanderies of Spain The Cardinal upon the first news of Carrero's Arming without more ado sent towards him some Troops of his men at Armes under the Conduct of Ville Fanno who restored peace to the Province and beat the feeble Mutineer into more wisdom for the future The best remedy for Troubles raised by particular persons is the Publick Force This first Cloud thus dissipated the Cardinal brought the Court and Council to Madrid as a place where the Liberty of the Regency would be more absolute against the Grandees of Spain A Courrier arrives there from Charles with Letters to Queen Germaine the Council and Grandees containing his promise of coming into Spain the next Summer with Order to all that owed him obedience to pay it in the mean time intirely to the Cardinal These Letters came attended with private instructions to Adrian to found their opinions of the new Title of King of Spain which he had assumed on the death of Ferdinand Adrian speaks of it to the Cardinal and Council they wonder at the Novelty and Answer That by Ferdinand's death Charles had acquired nothing in Spain That the Queen his Mother lived there sole Heiress of the Kingdoms In their Letters to Charles they remonstrate that his Assuming the quality of King might cause trouble in the State by furnishing seditious Spirits with a pretence to take up Arms and declare that it was not Just to suffer the usurpation of the Royalty during the life of their natural Queen Charles answered that having taken upon him the quality of King at the request of the Pope and by advice of the Emperour it would not become him to quit it but would be of prejudice to his Authority and derogatory