Heresie of Eutyches heere Iason had built a Temple to Iupiter in the straights which seuer Europe from Asia after Melas measure fiue furlongs Of their ancient Kings others haue related but one cannot passe this our Historie without obseruation and that is Mithridates the sixth King of that name who loosing his father in the eleuenth yeere of his age by his Tutors was trecherously assailed but escaped and by vse of that antidote which of him still beareth the name Mithridate out-liued their poysoning conspiracie Hee liued indeed to the death of thousands which either his crueltie or his warres consumed Foure yeeres together to auoid their Treasons he liued in the fields and woods vnder a shew of hunting both preuenting their designes and inuring himselfe to hardnesse Hee spake two and twentie languages being Lord of so many Nations Hee held warres with the Romans sixe and fortie yeeres whom those renowned Captaines Sylla Lucullus Pompey did so conquer as he alway arose againe with great lustre and with greater terror and at last dyed not by his enemies command but voluntarily in his old age and his own Kingdome neuer made to attend the Roman triumphs Syllaes felicity Lucullus prowesse and Pompeyes greatnesse notwithstanding His aspiring thoughts had greedily swallowed the Soueraignty both of Asia and Europe He caused in one night all the Romans in his Dominions to be slaine in which massacre perished a hundred and fiftie thousand as some haue numbred But it cannot be conceiued saith Orosius how many there were or how great was the griefe both of the doers and sufferers when euery one must betray his innocent guests and friends or hazard his owne life no Law of Hospitalitie no Religion of Sanctuary or reuerence of Images being sufficient protection And no maruell if he spared not his enemies when he slew Exipodras and Homochares his sonnes and after the poysonings and voluntary death of Monyma his wife Statira and Roxane his daughters his sonne Pharnaces like to taste of the same cup won to his part his fathers Armie sent against him with which he pursued his father so hotly that hee hauing denounced a heauy curse vpon him entred amongst his Wiues Concubines and Daughters and gaue them poyson pledging them in the same liquor which his body accustomed to his Antidotes easily ouer-came and therefore was faine to intreat another to open a bloudy passage for that his cruell soule A man saith Orosius of all men most superstitious alway hauing with him Philosophers and men expert in all Arts now threescore and foureteene yeeres old The Religion in Pontus was little differing from the Greekes Wee read of the Sacrifices of this King to Ceres and to Iupiter Bellipotens in which the King brought the first wood to the fire He powred also thereon Hony Milke Wine Oyle and after made a Feast In honour of Neptune they drowned Chariots drawne with foure white Horses with which it seemed they would haue him ease himselfe in his Sea-voyages At the mouth of Pontus was the Temple of Iupiter Iasus called Panopeum and nigh thereto a Promontory sacred to Diana sometime an Iland ioyned to the Continent by an Earthquake Hereabouts was the Caue Acherusium whose bottomlesse bottome was thought to reach to Hell I may in the next place set downe Paphlagonia which as it fareth with such as haue mightie Neighbours can scarcely finde her proper limits Some reckon it to Galatia before described and sometimes Pontus hath shared it and either the force of Armes or bountie of Emperours hath assigned it at other times to Phrygia Cilicia or other parts the bounds thereof are thus deliuered Pontus confineth on the North on the East the Riuer Halys on the South Phrygia and Galatia on the West Bithynia Of the people hereof called Heneti some deriue the Veneti of Italy They now call it Roni It had the name Paphlagonia of Paphlagon the sonne of Phineus The Mount Olgasys is very high and in the same are many Paphlagonian Temples Sandaracurgium is another Mountaine made hollow by the Metall-miners which were wont to bee slaues redeemed from capitall Sentence who heere exchanged that speedie death for one more lingring So deadly is the Alpha and Omega the beginning and ending of this Idoll of the World which the Spaniards haue verified in the West by the destruction of another world Vitruuius tells of a Fountaine in Paphlagania as it were mixed with Wine whereof they which drinke without other liquor proue drunken The Heptacometae and Mossynoeci inhabited about those parts a people of that beastly disposition that they performed the most secret worke of Nature in publike view These are not so much notorious for being worse then beasts as their neighbours the Tibareni for surpassing in iustice other men They would not warre on their enemy but would faithfully before relate vnto him the Time Place and Houre of their fight whereas the Mossynoeci vsed to assault strangers that trauelled by them very treacherously They haue also a venemous kinde of Hony growing out of their trees with which they beguiled and slew three troupes of Pompey The Tabareni obserued one strange fashion that when the woman was deliuered of a childe her husband lay in and kept his chamber the women officiously attending him a custome obserued at this day amongst the Brasilians CHAP. XVI Of Asia proprie dicta now called Sarcum THis Region in the strict sense being a particular Prouince of the lesser Asia is bounded on the West with part of Propontis and Hellespont the Aegean Icarian and Mertoan Seas on the South with the Rhodian Sea Lycia and Pamphilia on the East with Galatia on the North with Pontus and Bithynia and part of Propontis In which space are contained Phrygia Caria and both Mysias Aeolis Ionia Doris Lydia Some circumcise from hence both Phrygia and Mysia alledging the authoritie of Saint Luke But in the Apocalypse Chap. 1. these parts are also added and 1. Pet. 1.1 PHRYGIA is diuided into the greater which lyeth Eastward and the lesse called also Hellespontiaca and Troas and of some Epictetus The greater PHRYGIA hath not many Cities Here stood Midaium the Royall Seat of Mydas and Apamia the Phrygian Metropolis Phrygia is called of the riuer Phryx which diuideth it from Caria Herodotus telleth that the Phrygians were accounted the most ancient of all people for the triall whereof Psammetichus King of Egypt had shut vp without societie of any humane creature two children causing onely goats to bee admitted to suckle them who after long time pronounced bec which they had learned of the goates but because that with the Phrygians signified bread therefore they accounted the Phrygians first authors of mankinde Before Deucalions floud Nannacus is reported to raigne there and foreseeing the same to haue assembled his people into the Temple with supplications and prayers Hence grew the prouerbe to say A thing was from
made them distastfull and this also which the Learned often obiect to these Sectaries that the King and Princes which first gaue way hereto died violently and miserably and fell into publike calamities Yet hath it euen to these times in diuers vicissitudes encreased and decreased and many Bookes haue beene thereof written which contayne many difficulties inextricable to themselues Their Temples are many and sumptuous in which huge monstrous Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are to be seene with Steeples adioyning of stone or timber and therein exceeding great Bells and other ornaments of great price Their Priests are called Osciami They continually shaue their heads and beards contrary to the Countrey custome Some of them goe on Pilgrimages others liue an austere life on Hills or in Caues and the most of them which amount to two or three millions liue in Cloysters of their reuenues and almes and somewhat also of their owne industrie These Priests are accounted the most vile and vicious in the Kingdome being of the baser raskalitie sold when they are children by their parents to the elder Priests of slaues made Disciples and succeeding their Masters in Sect and Stipend few voluntarily adioyning themselues to these Cloysterers Neither doe they affect more liberall learning nor abstayne but perforce from disauowed Luxurie Their Monasteries are diuided into diuers Stations according to their greatnesse in euery Station is one perpetuall Administrator with his slaue-Disciples which succeed him therein Superiour in the Monasterie they acknowledge none but euery one builds as many Cells or Chambers as he is able which they let out to strangers for great gaine that their Monasteries may be esteemed publike Innes wherein men may quietly lodge or follow their businesse without any explication of their Sects They are hired also by many to Funerall Solemnities and to other Rites in which wilde Beasts Birds or Fishes are made free and let loose the seuerer Sectaries buying them to this meritorious purpose In our times this Sect much flourisheth and hath many Temples erected and repaired many Eunuches women and of the rude vulgar embracing the same There are some Professors called Ciaicum that is Fasters which liue in their owne houses all their life abstayning from Fish and Flesh and with certaine set prayers worship a multitude of Idols at home but not hard to be hired to these deuotions at other mens houses In these Monasteries women also doe liue separated from men which shaue their heads and reiect Marriage These Nunnes are there called Nicu. But these are but few in comparison of the men One of the learned Sect famous in the Court relinquished his place in the Colledge and shaued his haire wrote many Bookes against the Confutians but being complayned of the King commanded hee should be punished which hee punished further on himselfe with cutting his owne throat Whereupon a Libell or Petition was put vp to the King against the Magistrates which relinquished Confutius and became of this Sect the King notwithstanding all the Queenes Eunuches and his Kindred are of this Sect made answere That such should goe into the Desarts and might bee ashamed of their Robes Hence followed orders That whosoeuer in his Writings mentioned an Idoll except by way of Confutation should be vncapable of degrees in Learning which caused much alteration in Religion for many of this Sect had preuayled much in Court and elsewhere Amongst the rest one Thacon was so honoured of the chiefe Queene that shee worshipped daily his garment because it was not lawfull for himselfe to enter the Palace but dealt by Eunuches One libelled to the King against him but had no answere which is the Kings fashion when he denies or disallowes it which made him more insolent But being suspected for a Libell made against the King and some writings in zeale of his Idols against the King being found he was beaten to death howling in his torments which before had vanted a Stoicall Apathie The other Sect-masters were banished the Court §. V. Of the third Sect Lauzu THeir third Sect is named Lauzu of a certaine Philosopher which liued in the same age with Confutius They fable that he was fourescore yeeres in his mothers wombe before his birth and therefore call him Lauzu that is old Philosopher He left no booke written of his Sect nor seemes to haue intended any such institution But his Sectaries called him after his death Tausa and haue fathered on him their opinions whereof they haue written many elegant bookes These also liue single in their Monasteries buying Disciples liuing as vile and vicious as the former They shaue not their haire but weare it like the Lay-men sauing that they haue a Hat or Cap of wood There are others married which at their owne houses professe greater austeritie and recite ouer set prayers They affirme That amongst other Idols they also worship the God of Heauen but corporeall and to whom their Legends tell that many indignities haue happened The King of Heauen which now raigneth they call Ciam he which raigned before was Leu who on a time came riding to the Earth on a white Dragon Him did Ciam who was a Diuinor giue entertainment and whiles Leu was at his good cheere mounted vp his Dragon which carried him to heauen there seized on the heauenly Royaltie and shut out Leu who yet at last was admitted to the Lordship of a certaine Mountaine in that Kingdom Thus they professe their god to bee a coozener and vsurper Besides this King of Heauen they faine another threefold Deitie one of which they say was the head of their Lauzu sect They promise to theirs Paradise which they shall enioy both in bodie and soule and in their Temples haue pictures of such as haue the Images of such Saints To obtaine this they prescribe certaine exercises which consist in diuers postures of sitting certaine prayers and medicines by which they promise to the obseruers through their gods fauour an immortall life in Heauen at least a longer mortall in the bodie The Priests of this Sect haue a peculiar Office of casting out Deuils which they do by two meanes one is to paint horrible shapes of Deuill in yellow paper with inke to be fastned on the walls and then fill the house with such sauage clamors that themselues might be thought to be Deuils the other is by certaine prayers or coniurations They professe also a power of faire weather and soule and other priuate and publike misfortunes : and some of them seeme to be Witches These Priests reside in the Kings Temples of Heauen and Earth and assist at the Kings sacrifices whether by himselfe performed or his Deputie Magistrates and thereby acquire great authoritie At these sacrifices they make musicke of all sorts which China yeeldeth harshed Europaean eares They are called likewise to Funeralls to which they come in precious Vestments playing on Musical Instruments They assist also at the consecrations of new Churches and
an Iland fourteene leagues from Zacotora from whence it is fifteen leagues to Cape Guardafu At Tamarind they had no raine in two yeers together Two small Iles lie to the North of Socotera called the two Sisters the Inhabitants of an oliue colour without Law among themselues or commerce with others There are also those two Iles the one of men the other of women which wee mentioned in our fift booke a matter how true I know not but very strange They are Christians subiect to the Bishop of Socotera and he to the Zatoia in Baldach Many other Ilands there bee of no great name in that Sea called Sinus Barbaricus as of Don Garcia the three and the seuen brethren of Saint Brandon Saint Francis Mascarenna Do Natal Comoro and many other besides those of Quiloa Mosambique and some other for their vicinitie to the Land before handled The I le of Saint Laurence so called by the Portugals by themselues Madagascar is meetest in all those parts to entertayne the Readers obseruation as being one of the greatest Ilands of the world It contayneth in breadth foure hundred and fourescore miles in length a thousand and two hundred M. Polo saith the Inhabitants were Saracens and were gouerned vnder foure Lords eate Camels flesh vse merchandize or artes Thus farre did the Great Can stretch his Tartarian Dominion and sent hither to spie the Land That which Polo saith he heard of a bird in this Iland called Ruch so bigge as it could take vp an Elephant hath no likelihood of truth He calls it Magascar It is situate from seuenteene to six and twentie ½ of Southerly latitude Onely vpon the coast they are Mahumetans within Land Idolaters black and like the Cafres the soile yeeldeth Cloues Ginger and Siluer It deserueth to haue better Inhabitants if Linschoten iudge rightly hauing many faire and fresh Riuers safe Harbours plentie of fruits and cattell therein are foure gouernments each fighting against other They vse not themselues to trade with others nor suffer others to traffique with them The Portugals haue some trade with them but goe not on land In the first discouerie of them by the Portugals 1506. they shewed themselues in hospitall and trecherous rewarding receiued kindnesse in their Canoas or Boats made of the body of a tree with shot There are said to bee some white people supposed to be of Chinian off-spring Of the people of Madagascar the Hollanders report that they are of colour blacke strong and well made they couer their priuities with cotton they haue large holes in their eares in which they weare round sticks They acknowledge one Creator and obserue Circumcision but know nothing of praying or keeping festiuals They haue no proper names whereby to distinguish one day from another neither doe they number weekes moneths or yeeres Nor doe they number aboue ten They are exceedingly afraid of the deuill whom they call Tiuuaddes because he vseth often to afflict them They liue most-what on fishing They marrie but one wife their time of marriage is for the men at twelue the women at ten yeeres of age Adulterie and Theft are punished with death The men vse to hunt abroad the women spin their Cottons at home whereof they haue trees yeelding plentie If any man kill any of his Kine all his neighbours may challenge part Cornelius Houtman saith they are sweet-spoken men They haue a kinde of Beanes or Lobos growing on trees the cod whereof is two foot long They haue a kind of seed whereof a little makes foolish a greater quantitie kils herewith they betrayed and killed threescore and eight Hollanders with their Captaine The English haue had some knowledge of this Iland to their cost as those of the Vnion before mentioned But not trusting them too farre they here finde good refreshing Captaine Downton arriued there in the Bay of Saint Augustine Aug. 10. 1614. and bought of them diuers Beeues at a reasonable rate The people are tall and swart their haire smooth and finely plaited their weapons are darts neatly headed with Iron Their cattell fairer then any I haue seene hauing on their fore-shoulders a lumpe of fat like the pomell of a saddle Here were Tamarin trees with greene fruit vpon them the pulpe whereof boyled cured our men of the Scorbute They haue store of cotton whereof they make striped cloth of diuers colours Another then in companie reports them to bee a strong actiue people not fearefull of gunnes or other weapons ciuill honest and vnderstanding their weapons small Lances Bowes Arrowes and Darts their Kine sold at three foure or fiue shillings a peece as sweet and fat as ours That bunch on the shoulder is very sweet in taste And as one reporteth he had seene the skin that compassed one of them contayned six or eight gallons Here are many Crocodiles The Vnion comming to Gungomar in the North-west corner of Madagascar was assaulted by a Nauie of an hundred Canoes by water arranged in order of a halfe moone the King trecherously assaulting them out of the woods and tooke Captaine Michelborne with other Merchants In Saint Marie an Iland by Madagascar they met with the King which was obserued of his subiects with great reuerence Here they buried one of their dead men the Ilanders being present who signified by signes that his soule was gone to heauen and would haue had them to cut off his legs by the knees The I le of Cerne they called Maurice Iland They found excellent Ebon trees there the wood whereof is as black as pitch and as smooth as Iuorie inclosed with a thick barke They found of the same kinde some red some yellow There were Palme-trees like the Cocos They found store of birds whereof they might take some in their nests with their hands There were no people inhabiting In the I le of Bata our men killed a Bat as great as a Hare in shape like a Squirrill with two flaps of skin which hee spred forth when he leaped from tree to tree which they can doe nimbly often holding only by their tailes The Hollanders in the Bay of Anton Gil Southwards from Madagascar in sixteene degrees saw the King blacke or hue wearing two hornes on his head and many chaines or bracelets of Brasse on his armes This place is fertile the people valiant In the channell betweene the firme land and Madagascar are many Ilands great and small all inhabited by Mahumetans the chiefe of which is S. Christopher more Northwards against Mombaza and Melinde are three Ilands Momsid Zanzibar and Pemba inhabited with Mahumetans of white colour In the time of M. Polo Zenzibar was Heathenish The inhabitants he saith very grosse and deformed and likewise the women Neere the Cape of Good Hope are the Isles of Don Aluares and Tristan d' Acunuha but of no great note The deepenesse of these Seas make them vncapable of many Islands CHAP. XII Of
So vaine a thing is man his soule of nothing lighter then vanitie in the infusion created and in the Creation infused to be the dweller in this house of clay and habitation of dust yea not a house but a Tabernacle continually in dissolution Such is the Maker and matter of Man The forme was his conformitie to GOD after whose Image he was made Christ only is in full resemblance The Image of the inuisible GOD the brightnesse of his glory the ingraued forme of his Person Man was not this Image but made adimaginem According to this Image resembling his Author but with imperfection in that perfection of human Nature This Image of GOD appeared in the soule properly secondly in the body not as the Anthropomorphite Heretikes and Popish Image-makers imagine but as the instrument of the soule and lastly in the whole Person The soule in regard of the spirituall and immortall substance resembleth him which is a Spirit and euerlasting which seeth all things remayning it selfe vnseene and hauing a nature in manner incomprehensible comprehendeth the natures of other things to which some adde the resemblance of the holy Trinitie in this that one soule hath those three essentiall faculties of Vnderstanding Will and Memory or as others of Vegetation Sense and Reason In regard of gifts and naturall endowments the soule in the vnderstanding part receiued a Diuine Impression and Character in that knowledge whereby shee measureth the Heauens bringeth them to the Earth lifteth vp the Earth to the Heauen mounteth aboue the Heauens to behold the Angels pierceth the Center of the Earth in darknesse to discerne the infernall Regions and Legions beneath and aboue them all searcheth into the Diuine Nature whereby Adam was without study the greatest Philosopher who at first sight knew the nature of the beasts the originall of the VVoman and the greatest Diuine except the second Adam that euer the Earth bare The will also in free choice of the best things in righteous disposition towards man and true holinesse towards GOD was conformed to his will for whose wils sake it is and was created The body cannot so liuely expresse the vertue of him that made it but as it could in that perfect constitution so fearefully and wonderfully made and as the Organ of the soule whose weapon it was to righteousnesse had some shadow therefo The whole Man in his naturall Nobility beyond and Princely Dominion ouer the other Creatures that we mention not the hope of future blessednesse sheweth after what Image Man was created and to what he should be renued The end whereunto GOD made Man is GOD himselfe who hath made all things for himselfe the subordinate end was Mans endlesse happinesse the way whereunto is religious obedience Moses addeth He created them Male and Female thereby to shew that the Woman in Oeconomicall respect is the Image and glory of the Man beeing created for the Man and of the Man but in relation to GOD or the World She as a Creature was also framed after the same Image As for that monstrous conceit of the Rabbins that the first man was an Hermaphrodite it deserueth not confutation or mention The order of the Womans Creation is plainly related GOD finding not a meete helpe for Adam in his sleepe tooke one of his ribs whereof he built the Woman This in a Mystery signified that deadly sleepe of the heauenly Adam on the Crosse whose stripes were our healing whose death was our life and out of whose bleeding side was by Diuine dispensation framed his Spouse the Church This may be part of the sense or an application thereof as some say to this Mystery or the signification rather of the thing it selfe here declared then of the words which properly and plainly set downe the Historie of a thing done after the litterall sense to bee expounded According to this sense Moses expresseth the Creation the making and marrying of the Woman The Maker was GOD the matter a Rib of Adam the forme a building the end to be a meete helpe The Man was made of Dust the Woman of the Man to bee one flesh with the Man and of a Rib to be a helpe and supporter of him in his calling which requireth strength neyther could any bone be more easily spared in the whole body which hath not such variety of any other kind nor could any place more designe the Woman her due place not of the head that she should not arrogate rule not of the feet that the husband should not reckon her as his slaue but in a meane betweene both and that neere the heart in which they should as in all Diuine and Humane Lawes else bee fast ioyned The building of this body of the Woman was in regard of the Progeny which was in that larger roome to haue the first dwelling The soule of the Woman is to be conceiued as the soule of the Man before mentioned immediately infused and created by GOD herein equall to Man Being thus made she is marryed by GOD himselfe vnto Adam who brought her vnto him to shew the sacred authority of Marriage and of Parents in Marriage A mutuall consent and gratulation followeth betweene the parties lest any should tyrannically abuse his fatherly power And thus are two made one flesh in regard of one originall equall right mutuall consent and bodily coniunction And thus were this goodly couple glorious in nakednesse not so much in the ornaments of beautie which made them to each other amiable as of Maiestie which made them to other creatures dreadfull the Image of GOD clothing that nakednesse which in vs appeareth filthy in the most costly clothing GOD further blessed them both with the power of multiplication in their owne kind and dominion ouer other kinds and gaue them for food euery herbe bearing seed which is vpon all the earth and euery tree wherein is the fruit of a tree bearing seed He doth as it were set them in possession of the Creatures which by a Charter of free gift he had conueyed to them to hold of him as Lord Paramount But lest any should thinke this but a niggardly and vnequall gift whereas since the Floud more hath beene added and that in a more vnworthinesse through mans sinne let him consider that since the Fall the Earth is accursed whereby many things are hurtfull to mans nature and in those which are wholsome there is not such variety of kinds such plentie in each variety such ease in getting our plenty or such quality in what is gotten in the degree of goodnesse and sweetnesse to the taste and nourishment which had they remayned in this sickly and elder Age of the World we should not need to enuie Cleopatra's vanitie or Heliogabilus his superfluitie and curiositie And had not Man sinned there should not haue needed the death of beasts to nourish his
and by the glorie and order of them learned the knowledge of GOD neuer ceasing that diuine search till GOD appeared to him Which opinion may reconcile both the former that first he was and after ceased to be an Idolater before God appeared in vision to him He alledgeth Philo for his Author that at fourteene yeeres Abraham reproued Thara for seducing men vnto Idolatrie moued by his priuate lucre with Images and seeing the Heauen sometime cleare sometime cloudie he gathered that that could not bee GOD. The like hee concluded of the Sunne and Moone by their Eclipses for his father had taught him Astronomie At last GOD appeared and bade him leaue his Countrey Whereupon hee tooke his Fathers Images who as before is said was an Image-maker and partly broke partly burnt them and then departed Suidas further thinketh him the first inuenter of Letters of the Hebrew tongue and of the interpretation of dreames which I leaue to the Authors credit But for the fault of Abraham before his calling and other blemishes after in him and the rest of the Patriarchs what doe they else but in abounding of mans sinne set out the superabounding grace of GOD and are profitable as learned Morton in his answere of this cauill hath out of one of their owne obserued against them what he had obserued out of Augustine to these foure purposes Faith Instruction Feare and Hope the Faith of the Historie which flattereth or concealeth the faults of none Instruction to vertue by seeing others faults taxed Feare for what shall Shrubs doe if Cedars fall and Hope that wee imitate their repentance by seeing their pardon But to returne to our Historie Many of the Ethnike histories mention him Berosus commendeth him for his iustice and skill in Astronomie Nic. Damascenus sayth that hee raigned at Damascus and that in his time his house continued in Damascus and was still called by his name Hecataeus wrote a booke of him and Alexander Polyhistor telleth that hee was borne in the tenth generation after the floud in Camarine or Vrien a Citie of Babylon Iosephus addeth that when famine draue him into Aegypt hee disputed with the Priests and most learned Aegyptians in questions of Diuinitie and in their diuided Sects hauing confuted one by another he communicated to them the truth both in this and in Arithmeticke and Astronomie whereof before the Aegyptians were ignorant Abram sayth Master Broughton in his Consent was borne sixtie yeeres later then the common account as appeareth by computation of Terahs age who died at two hundred and fiue yeeres and after his death Abram went from Charan into Canaan the threescore and fifteenth yeere of his owne life and therefore was borne in the hundred and thirtieth and not in the seuentieth yeere of his father in the three hundred fiftie and two yeere after the Floud whereas the common opinion reckoneth the two hundred ninetie and two To Abram GOD had giuen commandement saying Goe from thy Countrey and from thy Kindred and from thy Fathers house into the Land which I shall shew thee and I will make of thee a great Nation c. His Historie is fully related by Moses and his progenie also whereof Ismael his Sonne by Agar and other his sonnes which he had by Ketura his second wife he sent to inhabite the East Countrey Arabia in his life time but Isaac was made his Heire both temporall and spirituall to whom Iacob succeeded in the promised blessing who with his sonnes and familie went downe into Aegypt where his posteritie multiplied exceedingly and were called sometimes Ebrewes of their ancient pedegree sometime Israelites of the name Israel giuen to Iacob by the Angell Gen. 32.28 Their whole Historie so largely and plainely in holy Writ recorded I feare to make Mine by euill reciting Those Fountaines are more open to all then that any should neede ours or others Brookes mixed with some myrie earth at least in the passage and my intent is to bee largest in relation of those things which are not in the Scriptures onely touching those things briefly for order sake Their Religion meane while was the best amongst the best though stayned in some as Rachel which stale her father Labans Idols and Iacob was forced to reforme his Familie in this respect and after in Aegypt they were corrupted with the Aegyptian superstition as Ezechiel protests against them The manner of Diuine worship was not so straitly limited as afterwards to persons and places By Reuelation and Tradition they receiued the religious worship wherein they instructed their posteritie vntill that in their extremest thraldome GOD sent Moses and Aaron to deliuer them vnder whose conduct they passed through the Sea and Wildernesse to the brinkes of Iordan receiuing in the way that Law which as a Tutor or Schoole-master was in that their nonage to traine them vp vntill that full and ripe age when GOD sent his Sonne made of a woman made vnder the Law that hee might redeeme them that were vnder the Law that wee might receiue the adoption of Sonnes §. II. Of the Law of MOSES the twelue Tribes and of Proselytes OF this Law although Moses hath giuen vs an absolute relation in Scripture whereof he was the first Pen-man of that at least which remayneth vnto vs yet if wee shall out of him bring them into their order and ranke them vnder their seuerall heads as Sigonius and others haue done it shall not be I thinke ouer-tedious to the Reader The Law is diuided vsually into the Morall Ceremoniall and Iudiciall as parts of the same the first deliuered on the Mount Sinai by the dreadfull voice of the Almightie God and by the finger of God written after in Tables of stone called Ten words summarily abridged into two Commandements by the Law-giuer himselfe The first and great Commandement enioyning the loue of GOD the second of our NEIGHBOVRS that God who himselfe is Charitie imposing nothing but the louely yoke of Loue and Charitie vnto his seruants This Law is eternall written first in the hearts of our first Parents which being defaced it was written againe in the stonie Tables of the Law where it was but a killing letter till Grace and Truth by IESVS CHRIST indited and indented it in the fleshy Tables of the Gospell as Christs new Commandement written it renewed hearts and shall for euer be then grauen in those spirituall Tables when wee that here are Naturall men shall rise againe Spirituall men and shall be the Law of that holy Citie the new Ierusalem this being then perfected when Faith and Hope and this World shall bee finished The other parts Ceremoniall and Iudiciall were for the particulars proper vnto that Nation the one respecting the manner of Diuine seruice the other of ciuill Gouernment not giuen as the other immediatly to the Israelites by GOD himselfe but communicated in the Mount to Moses that hee might acquaint the
seuen gates thereof c. where as in the place fittest for him wee will leaue him The booke of the vertues of Mahomet saith That in glorying of his strength hee would boast that hee had knowne his eleuen wiues successiuely in one houre One of their Chronicles telleth of his Martiall affaires This Chronicle reckoneth from Adam to Noe one thousand two hundred fortie and two yeeres From thence to Abraham one thousand and fourescore Hence to Moses fiue hundred and fifteene After him to Dauid fiue hundred threescore and nine and from this time to Christ one thousand three hundred and fiftie from whence to Mahomet is numbred six hundred and twentie in all fiue thousand three hundred threescore and sixteene from Adam to Mahomet All the Prophets were in number an hundred and twentie thousand and the Messengers of GOD three hundred and fifteene whereof Adam Seth Esdrik Noe Abraham were Hebrewes Huth Schale Ishmael Schaib Mahomet were Arabians If this Historie of Mahomets life be long and tedious I thought good out of an Arabian Chronicle to adde this Epitome thereof His Mother dyed in a iourney to Mecca when he was fourescore yeeres old and his Nurse restored him to his Grand-father Abdalmutalif with whom hee liued eight yeeres The Seraphim preserued him but was neuer seene After that Gabriel was his Guardian of whom hee receiued the Law which he kept close three yeeres communicating it onely to some of his owne opinion by whose helpe hee became Priest and Prince of the Arabians and Saracens and about eighteene moneths after was carried into Heauen and being returned into the Earth he tooke Eubocara Ali and Zaid to be his companions in this enterprise He went to Zaif or Atharf and preached publikely and thence to Mecca ten yeeres going from place to place And of his Conuerts he chose some for guard of his Person who sware the obseruance of his Law to the number of fortie who now with Word now with the Sword set forward this Doctrine After ten yeeres Mecca was peopled onely with beleeuers and all Arabia was conuerted without difficultie Then hee sent to the neighbouring Kings to become of his Religion to the King of Persia to the Roman Emperour to King Cinna to the Lord of the two Seas to the King of Aethiopia c. After he returned to Ietrib and on Tuesday the twelfth of Rab in the eleuenth yeere dyed His Sepulture was appointed by GOD in the house of Aisca his Wife in the chamber where hee was wont to sleepe where at this day is a Temple of bricke His bodie was wrapped in three white clothes without any pompe His seale was a siluer Ring with this inscription Mahomet the Messenger of God He went twise on Pilgrimage and nineteene times conducted an Armie The place of his buriall is at Medina surnamed of him Talnabi that is of the Prophet not as some write at Mecca Neither doth his corps hang in the ayre by force of Load-stones drawing vp his yron Coffin or Chest but lieth buried in the ground if any where as Ludouicus Verttomannus by his owne view hath obserued Of this place and of Mecha we shall speake more in relating the Rites of the Pilgrims that visit them Some relate otherwise of the death of Mahomet as that hee dyed at fortie yeeres of age being poysoned by one of his disciples called Albunor to make triall of his boasting Prophesie that he would rise againe within three daies after his death This Albunor after comming to see him found his bodie torne in pieces and deuoured of dogs whereupon gathering together the bones that remained into a Coffin hee caused them to bee buried Which in my minde is not so probable as the former report The day of his death Scaliger accounteth the tenth yeere of the Hogira on Munday the twelfth of Rabie 1. or rather the euening before that is the sixteenth of Iune in the yeere of our Lord 631. and was borne the fifth of May An. Dom. 570. on the same day and moneth sixtie three Arabike yeeres before Vnto this which hath been spoken I haue thought good to adde out of Arabike Authors collected by Gabriel and Iohn the Maronites this which followeth Mahomed was borne at Mecca and in the fortieth yeere of his age and as Ben-Casem hath in the 933. of Alexander the Great began to vtter his doctrine first priuily after that publikely whereupon hee was banished the Citie in the fiftie two of his life or according to Abdillatif Ben-Iusof the fiftie three and fled to Iathreb from which flight which they call Hegeraton or Hegera which hapned A. B. 622. or thereabouts And although this yeere 1623. bee to them 1032. Yet because they reckon according to the yeeres of the Moone which they say consist of three hundred fiftie foure dayes the Moones course hath in this space exceeded that of the Sunne some moneths aboue thirtie one yeeres Whereupon their moneths are vncertaine In this Citie by subtile hypocrisies Mahomed became Politicall and Ecclesiasticall Prince and beganne to procure the friendship of many and to promulgate his lawes by degrees In the second yeere of his flight he enacted his lawes of Fasting in the third forbade wine and swines-flesh and so proceeded with the rest that within eight yeeres hee brought into subiection Mecca whence he had beene expulsed and Muna and went forward with his law and conquest As concerning his wiues Ben-Casem saith he had foure hee is also reported to haue many harlots and concubines and in this Chapiter Surato-lbaqra or de vacea hee bids them marrie one two three or foure wiues a man and to take as many concubines as they are able to keepe Ben-Sidi Ali saith That he gloried that he had the power of ten Prophets in copulation giuen him by God yea he ascribed all his villanies to God by ministerie of the Angell Gabriel His first wife was named Chodaige by whom he had two sonnes and foure daughters Zainab Fatema whom Ali married Om Kalihum the third and Rakia the fourth both which Abu-beer married His second wife was Aifee daughter of Aba-Becr the first Chalifa which was but six yeeres old Ben-Casem is our Author when Mohamed tooke her to wife the Moslemans call her The Mother of the faithfull who besides the knowledge of tongues perused diligently the Arabike histories loued exceedingly and alway praised Mohamed The third was named Mary which brought forth to Mohamed Ebrahim sirnamed Casem whence Mohamed is often called Abulcasem though Ben-Abdilatif will haue Ebrahim to be one and Casem another but Ben-Casem saith he had but three sons of which Ebrahim Casem dyed at eighteene moneths and Taiheb and Taher his sonnes by Codaigre dyed both in their cradles Mohameds last wife was Zainab whom also they call the Mother of the faithfull before the wife of Zaid Ben-Harteh Mohameds Master who diuorced her whereupon Mohamed gladly tooke her to wife He had foure Councellors or
And this they doe foure or fiue times according to the order of their seruice After this they all kneele and prostrate themselues on the ground the Meizin obseruing a long Ceremonie in which with a loud voyce hee prayeth GOD to inspire the Christians Iewes Greekes and generally all Infidels to turne to their Law This being said euery man lifteth his hand to heauen crying aloud Amin Amin and then they touch their eyes to wipe them with their hands which is as crossing among the Papists a blessing of themselues bringing their hands ouer their face and so they depart In the English Treatise of the Turkish Policie these things are related with some other Ceremonies as that they say together with the Priest the first Azoara or Chapter of the Alcoran c. Bartholomaeus Georgiouitz saith that onely the chiefe sort are bound to assemble to the daily deuotions which they obserue fiue times a day others which cannot spare the times are not tyed On their Sabbaths it is otherwise §. IIII. Of their Sabbaths and of their Lent and Easter THE women enter not their Mesquitas but on Fridayes at nine a clocke or at Easter and then they are in a Gallery or Terasse apart where they may see and not bee seene and this is not common to all but the wiues and mothers of the chiefe of the place And as we haue said of the Priest so it is to be vnderstood that all the men and women there doe the same without failing in any point They suffer not a Christian to enter therein and yet will they enter into the Churches of the Christians to heare the Church-musicke The women abide in their Churches from nine of the clocke to midnight continually praying with certaine motions and strange cries continuing so long in this act that they fall vpon the ground as in a swoune through wearinesse and if any feele her selfe at that time to bee with childe the Turkes hold that they are conceiued by the holy Ghost and presently vow that childe to God and call such Nefecs Ogli that is sonnes of the holy Ghost And on Friday at nine or ten of the clocke the Priest vseth to preach to the people and these their discourses last aboue two houres That which is said is not verie manifest yet they say that he preacheth the miracles of Mahomet sometime exalting their faith sometime commending obedience and sometime rehearsing fabulous tales to terrifie the bad as that such mens soules are carried of certaine Camels there being some sixe thousand flying about in the ayre for this purpose into the Sepulchres of wicked Christians and that the good Christians are put in their emptie Sepulchres inueighing against the blasphemers of Mahomet Christ and the Saints exhorting to Almes rehearsing their commandements of the law And if they preach scandalous doctrine the Mufti and the Cadlilescher depriue them and correct them as Heretikes yea some of them for preferring Christ before Mahomet are put to death of which one Ibraim Schec a Priest of Constantinople reported to haue wrought miracles amongst the Turkes in the dayes of Soliman was stoned to death his head cut off and his bodie burned of his Disciples some were beheaded others thrust into the Gallies for preferring Christ and denying Mahomet And were it not for the terrour of the sword there would be more innouations of religion and some haue perswaded the Grand Signior not to suffer the Alcoran to bee so common to be read and interpreted of euerie one guiltie of the absurdities therein contained But to returne After this preaching ended two young Clerkes goe vp to him and sing certaine prayers which ended the Priest againe beginneth to sing with the people in a base voyce with wrigling euery way for the space of halfe an houre saying nothing but Lailla illellah that is there is but one God And these Ceremonies are done onely on their Lenten Fridayes Their Lent is one Moone or Moneth in the yeere which if this yeere it be Iuly the next it shall bee August and so in order that in twelue yeeres they haue fasted all times of the yeere making no other difference of meates then at other times but eating onely in the night They prepare themselues by diminishing their fare not as the Christians at Shrouetide that they may the better endure it for on the day in which they fast they will not so much as taste a cup of water or wash their mouthes therewith till the Starres appeare And eight or ten dayes after it beginneth some Officers ride about the towne crying Such a day beginneth the Fast prepare yee prepare yee and when it is begun the Cadi and Subassi if they finde any shops open or any body eating in the day set him on an Asse backwards with the tayle in his hand as Adulterers are punished and to drinke wine at this time is death Neither will they suffer Iewes or Christians to scandalize their Turkes this way And when their Lent is neere the end they goe all to the Baths and plucke off all their haires but of the head and beard with an oyntment for that purpose they colour their nayles red with an enduring colour called Chua with which they dye also the tayles and feet of their horses and the women their hands feet and priuie parts This they doe in honour of their solemnitie which lasteth three daies with great feasting in which nothing else but meates and drinkes may be sold They goe to the Sepulchres of the dead there to eate full of gladnesse and salute each other saying Baaram glutiotzong that is God giue you a good Feast and if they meete with a Iew or a Christian woe vnto them On the first day of their Bairam the Sultan rideth to S. Sophia with all pompe and then did we see saith Master Sandys a sight full of horror many mourne with age yet dead before death and reuolting from their Christianitie therefore throwing away their bonets and lifting vp their fore fingers to which the Tyrant bowed himselfe as glorying in such conuersions The Turks keepe another Easter especially in Mecca more solemne to the Tartars Moores and Arabians then to the Turkes except the Pilgrims which resort thither §. V. Of the Turkish Circumcision THE Turkes say they are circumcised because they are the sonnes of Ismael and because they may be cleane when they goe to their Temples no filth lying hid vnder the skinne At seuen or eight yeeres of age or later this Ceremonie is performed The first thing they doe is to inuite many thither both Turkes Iewes and Christians besides the friends and kindred to make the greater gaine euery one giuing somewhat according to his abilitie When the day is come they which are inuited mount on horse-backe for else it is no solemnitie and goe to the house of the childe who being mounted on a faire horse richly clothed with a great Tulipant on his head
the people and haue a certaine stipend allowed them by the Emperour which yet is so small that many of them are driuen to vse either writing of Bookes or Handicrafts and Trades for their liuing and are clothed like Lay-men They haue no great learning it is sufficient if they can read the Alcoran which being written in Arabike they are as loth to haue translated into the vulgar as the Papists are to haue the Scripture Hee which can interprete and make some Exposition of the Text is of profund learning Yet are they reuerenced and if a Turke doe strike or offer outrage to them he loseth his hand and if he be a Christian his life being sure to be burned Some say that now of late some of them are more studious of Astronomie and other Arts As for those superiour rankes no doubt may be made of their high account The Chadilescher is clothed in Chamlet Satten Silke Damaske or Veluet of seemely colour as Russet or Tawny and in Purple-coloured cloth with long sleeues Their Tulipan on their head is of maruellous greatnesse sharpe in the middest of Purple Russet colour deeper and thicker then others their beards great They ride on Geldings with Purple foot-cloths fringed and when they goe on foot they goe slowly representing a stately and sacred grauitie There is another order of sacred persons which yet are neither regular nor secular by any vow or ordination but had in that account for their birth being supposed to descend of the line of Mahumet The Turkes and Tartarians call them Seiti or Sithi the Moores Seriffi These we are greene Tulipans which colour none else may weare and that onely on their head Some Christians ignorant hereof haue had their apparell cut from their backes for wearing somewhat greene about them These they call Hemir They enioy many priuiledges especially in giuing testimony wherein one of these is as much as two other which they abuse to iniury and wrong The most of them are Moores which goe ten or fifteene in a company with a banner on a staffe hauing a Moone on the top and that which is giuen for Gods sake they sit and eate in the street where also they make their praiers and are poorly clad Like to these in priuiledge and prauiledge are the Chagi or Fagi which liue on almes like Fryers They attend on the publike prayers on the holy Reliques on the Corpses and Funerals of the dead and to prey on the liuing by false oathes A digression touching the Hierarchie and Miseries of Christians vnder the Turke c. ANd thus we haue taken a leisurely view of the Turkish Hierarchy from the poore Softi to the courtly Cadilescher and pontificall Mufti flourishing and triumphing together with that Monarchy which is exalted and hath exalted them with the power not of the Word of GOD but of the Sword of Man But with what words meane whiles shall wee deplore the lamentable and miserable estate of that Christian Hierarchy and Ecclesiasticall Politie which sometimes flourished there with no fewer nor lesse titles of dignitie and eminence Where are now those Reuerend Names of Bishops Archbishops Metropolitans Patriarkes and the swelling stile of Oecumenicall Nay where are the things the life and liuing for the stile names titles still continue continue indeed but as Epitaphs and Inscriptions on the Monuments of their deceased and buried power as the ghosts and wandring shadowes of those sometimes quicke and quickning bodies of rule and gouernment Great Citie of great CONSTANTINE seated in the Throne of the World the fittest situation to command both Sea and Land through Europe Asia and Africa at thy first Natiuitie honored with a double Diadem of Christianitie Soueraigntie to which the Sea prostrateth it selfe with innumerable multitudes of Fish the Land payeth continuall tribute of rare fertilitie for which old Rome disrobed her selfe to decke this her New-Rome Daughter and Imperiall heire with her choisest Iewels and Monuments a Compendium of the World Eye of Cities Heart of the habitable earth Academie of learning Senate of gouernement Mother of Churches Nurse of Religion and to speake in the language of thine owne A new Eden an earthly Heauen modell of Paradise shining with the varietie of thy sacred and magnificent buildings as the Firmament with the Sunne Moone and Starres This was thy ancient greatnesse great now onely in miserie and mischiefe which as chiefe seat of Turkish Greatnesse is hence inflicted on the Christian Name And thou the Soule of this Bodie the goodliest Iewell in this Ring of Perfection which so many wonders of Nature conspired to make the Miracle of Art the TEMPLE of that WISDOME of GOD which is GOD called by him which saw thee both Christian and Mahumetan A terrestriall Heauen a Cherubicall Chariot another Firmament beyond all names of elegance which I thinke saith another the very Seraphins doe admire with veneration and which hath here moued thy mention high Seat and Throne of that Patriarchiall and Oecumenicall Highnesse which hence swayed all the East and contended with Westerne Rome for Soueraigntie now excludest rule rites yea persons Christian wholly hallowed to the damnable holies of ridiculous and blasphemous Mahometisme the multitudes of other Churches as silly captiued Damsels attending and following thee into this Mechiticall slauerie O CITIE which hast beene woe worth that word that hastie hast-beene which hast been but who can say what thou hast beene let one word the sum of all earthly excellence expresse what flouds of words and seas of Rhetorick cannot expresse which hast beene CONSTANTINOPLE which art that one name may declare thy bottomlesse hellish downefall indeed though not in name Mahometople the Seat of Mahomets power the settling of Mahumetan dregs What words can serue to preach thy funerall Sermon and ring thy knell to succeeding ages Sometimes the Theatre of worldly pompe but then on that dismal day of thy captiuitie the stage of earthly and hellish Furies the sinke of bloud and slaughter-house of Death What sense would not become senselesse to see the breaches of the walls filled vp with the slaine the gate by death shutting out death closed vp to the arch with confused bodies of Turks and Christians the shouts of men fighting the cries grones gaspes of men dying the manifold spectacles and varietie of death and yet the worse estate and more multiplied deaths of the liuing women rauished maidens forced persons vowed to sanctitie deuoted to lust slaughter slauerie reuerend age no whit reuerenced greene youth perishing in the bloome and rotten before it had time to ripen the father seeing the hopes of his yeeres deare pledges of Nature slaine or sold before his face the children beholding the parents passe into another captiuitie all taking an euerlasting fare well of all wel-fare as well as of each other Well may we in compassion weepe for those miseries the bitter passion whereof like a violent whirlewinde did to them drie
Nicolaus Damascenus calling it Baris with losse of the first syllable Iuuenal accuseth the Armenians of Sooth-saying and Fortune-telling by viewing the inwards of Pigeons Whelpes and Children His words are in Sat. 6. Spondet Amatorem tenerum vel diuitis orbi Testamentum ingens calidae pulmone columbae Tractato Armenius vel Commagenus Aruspex Pectora pulmonum rimabitur exta catelli Interdum pueri That is A tender Louer or rich Legacie Of child-lesse Rich man for your destinie Th' Armenian Wizard in hot Lungs doth spie Of Pigeons Or of Whelpes the inwards handling Or sometimes bloudie search of Children mangling The Mountaines of Armenia pay tribute vnto many Seas by Phasis and Lycus vnto the Pontike Sea Cyrus and Araxes vnto the Caspian Euphrates and Tygris vnto the Red or Persian Sea these two last are famous for their yeerely ouerflowings the former of them arising amidst three other Seas yet by the incroaching violence of the beetle-browed Hils enforced to a farre longer more intricate and tedious way before hee can repose his wearied waues the other for his swiftnesse bearing the name of Tygris which with the Medes signifieth an Arrow Solinus cap. 40. saith That it passeth through the Lake Arethusa neither mingling waters nor fishes quite of another colour from the Lake it diueth vnder Taurus and bringeth with it much drosse on the other side of the Mountaine and is againe hidden and againe restored and at last carrieth Euphrates into the Sea The Armenians besides their naturall Lords haue been subiect to the Persians after that to the Macedonians and againe to the Persian after to Antiochus Captaines then to the Romans and Parthians tossed betwixt the Grecians and Saracens subdued after successiuely to the Tartarians Persians and Turkes Of these present Armenians Master Cartwright reporteth That they are a people very industrious in all kinde of labour their women very skilfull and actiue in shooting and managing any sort of weapon like the ancient Amazons Their Families are great the father and all his posteritie dwelling together vnder one roofe hauing their substance in common and when the father dieth the eldest sonne doth gouerne the rest all submitting themselues vnder his Regiment after his death not his sonne but the next brother succeedeth and so after all the brethren are dead to the eldest sonne In diet and clothing they are all alike of their two Patriarches and their Christian profession wee are to speake in fitter place The Turcomanians later inhabitants are as other the Scythians or Tartarians from whence they are deriued theeuish wandring vp and downe in Tents without certaine habitations like as the Curds also their Southerly neighbours their cattell and their robberies being their greatest wealth Of their Religion except of such as after their manner bee Christians which wee must deferre till a fitter time wee can finde little to say more then is said alreadie in our Turkish Historie This wee may here deplore of the vnhappy sight of Armenia which though it repeopled the world yet is it least beholding to her viperous off-spring a Map of the worlds miseries through so many ages For being hemmed alway with mightie neighbours on both sides it selfe is made the bloudie Lists of their ambitious encounters alway losing whosoeuer wonne alway the Gauntlet of the Challenger the Crowne of the Conquerour This to let passe elder times the Romans and Parthians Greeke Emperours and Saracens Turkes and Tartarians Turkes and Mamulukes Turkes and Persians doe more then enough proue §. II. Of IBERIA PTOLOMBY placeth to the North of Armenia Colchis washed by the Pontike Sea Albania by the Caspian and betwixt these two Iberia now together with some part of Armenia called Georgia either for the honour of their Patron Saint George or haply because they descended of those Georgi which Plinie nameth among the Caspian Inhabitants Strabo recordeth foure kindes of people in this Iberia of the first sort are chosen two Kings the one precedent in age and nobilitie the others Leader in Warre and Law-giuer in Peace the second sort are the Priests the third Husbandmen and Souldiers the fourth the vulgar seruile people These haue all things common by Families but hee is Ruler with his eldest a thing obserued of the Armenian Christians as before is said euen at this day Constantinus Porphyrogenitus the Emperour writeth That the Iberians boast and glorie of their descent from the wife of Vriah which Dauid defiled and of the children gotten betweene them Thus would they seeme to bee of kin to Dauid and the Virgin Mary and for that cause they marry in their owne kindred They came say they from Ierusalem being warned by Vision to depart thence and seated themselues in these parts There departed from Ierusalem Dauid and his brother Spandiates who obtained say they such a fauour from GOD that no member of his could bee wounded in warre except his heart which hee therefore diligently armed whereby he became dreadfull to the Persians whom hee subdued and placed the Iberians in these their habitations In the time of Heraclius they ayded him against the Persians which after that became an easie prey to the Saracens Of the Roman conquests and exploits in Armenia Colchis Iberia Albania I lift not here to relate §. III. Of ALBANIA ALBANIA now Zuiria lyeth North and East betwixt Iberia and the Sea of which Strabo affirmeth that they need not the Sea who make no better vse of the Land for they bestow not the least labour in husbandrie and yet the earth voluntarily and liberally yeeldeth her store and where it is once sowen it may twice or thrice be reaped The men were so simple that they neither had vse of money nor did they number aboue an hundred ignorant of weights measures warre ciuilitie husbandrie there were in vse among them sixe and twentie languages They had Spiders which would procure death vpon men smiling and some also which did men to die weeping They worshipped the Sunne Iupiter and the Moone whose Temple was neere to Iberia The Priest which ruled it was next in honour to the King hee performeth the Holy Rites ruleth the Holy Region which is large and full of people of the sacred Seruants many being inspired doe Diuine or Prophecie Hee which is most rauished with the spirit wandreth alone through the Woods him the Priest taketh and bindeth with a sacred Chaine allowing him sumptuous nourishment the space of a yeere and after bringeth him to bee slaine with other sacrifices to the Goddesse The Rites are thus One which is skilfull of this businesse holding the sacred Speare wherewith they vse to slay the man stepping forth thrusteth it into his heart in his falling they obserue certaine tokens of diuination then doe they bring out the bodie into some place where they all goe ouer it The Albanians honoured old-olde-age in all men death in none accounting it vnlawfull to mention a dead man with whom they
successor Hee also in a conspiracie was killed and Vonon substituted whom the Parthians not long enduring forced to seeke helpe of the Romans where he was perfidiously slaine Artabanus obtained the Empire from whence hee was after chased by Vitellius who placed Tiridates in the Throne which hee had scarce warmed when Artabanus recouered it and after left it to his sonne Bardanes the Arsacian stocke being now dispossessed This Bardanes whiles hee minded warres against the Romans is killed of his owne Gotarzes his brother succeeded to the Scepter which he held notwithstanding the decree of the Roman Senate for Meherdates the sonne of Vonon whom hee tooke and cut off his eares Vonones was his successor a little while and presently after Vologaeses his sonne The next was Artabanus and after him Pacorus and in the next place Cosdroes his brother against whom Traian warred with good successe who extended the Roman Empire to the Indians But Adrian renewed league with the Parthian Parthanaspates succeeded and soon after Vologaeses who left heire his sonne of the same name depriued by his brother Artabanus He being vniustly dealt with by the Romans trecherie draue them to sue for peace which after that Antonius the author of the breach was dead was easily obtained by Macrinus his successour But Artaxares a Persian preuailed better in a third battell ouerthrowing him and reducing the Kingdome after such a world of yeeres to the Persian name Some reckon this 472. yeeres from Arsaces and 228. after Christ Scaliger reckoneth the time of the Parthian Dynastie 479. yeeres The number of their Kings after this computation is nine and twentie They which list to see further of their warres with the Romans may reade the Roman Authors which haue written the same the summe whereof is here presented to your view Cornelius Tacitus tells a merry tale for I thinke these Tragedies haue wearied you and pertinent to our purpose of a good-fellow-like Hercules whom the Parthians worshipped This kind-hearted god warneth his Priests in a dreame that neere to his Temple they should set his horses readie furnished for hunting which they doe lading them with quiuers full of Arrowes These after much running vp and downe the Forrest returne home at night blowing and breathlesse their quiuers being emptied And Hercules no niggard of his venison acquainteth the Priests at night by another vision with all his disport what woods hee hath ranged and the places of his game They searching the places finde the slaine beasts Better fellowship certaine had their Hercules then their Kings when they inuited any to their Feasts For the King had his table alone and loftie the guests sit below on the ground and like dogs feed on that which the King casteth to them And many times vpon occasion of the Kings displeasure they are haled thence and scourged and yet they then prostrate on the ground adore their striker They worshipped the Sunne at his rising Bardesanes in Eusebius saith of them that to kill his wife or sonne or daughter or brother or sister yet vnmarried was not prohibited by the Law to any Parthian nor any way subiect to punishment The Parthian Ensigne was a Dragon the Royall Ensigne a Bow their stile was King of Kings they ware a double Crowne They had an ointment made of a certaine composition which no priuate man might vse Nor might any else drinke of the waters of Choaspes and Eulaeus None might come to the King without a present The Magi were in great authoritie with them Their Rites were mixt of the Persian and Scythian Nothing was more seuerely punished then adulterie A seruant might not bee made free nor might be suffered except in the warres to ride or a free-man to goe on foot Their fight was more dangerous in flying then in standing or giuing the onset Terga conuersi metuenda Parthi The Parthians flight doth most affright They account them the most happy which are slaine in battell They which die a naturall death are vpbraided with cowardise Their fight Lucan describeth Pugna leuis bellumque fugax turmaeque fugaces Et melior cessisse loco quà m pellere miles Illita terra dolis nec Martem cominùs vnquam Ausa pati virtus sed longè tendere neruos That is Light skirmish fleeing warre and scattered bands And better Souldiers when they runne away Then to beare off an enemy that stands Their craftie caltrops on the grond they lay Nor dares their courage come to right-downe blowes But fighteth further off most trusting to their Bowes Many Cities amongst them and two thousand Villages are said to haue been ouerwhelmed with Earthquakes They are said to bee of spare diet to eate no flesh but that which they take in hunting to feed with their swords girt to them to eate Locusts to be false lyers and perfidious to haue store of wiues and strumpets Their Countrey is now called Arach in it is made great quantitie of Silkes Isidorus Characenus hath set downe the seuerall Countries with their dimensions how many Schaeni each of them containeth with their chiefe Cities and their wayes and distances which giueth great light to Geography and the knowledge of the Parthian greatnesse Schaenus is accounted threescore furlongs §. II. Of the Hircanians Tappyri and Caspians HYrcania now called Straua or Diargument hath on the West Media on the East Margiana on the South Parthia on the North the Sea which hereof is called the Hyrcane otherwise Caspian Famous it hath beene and is for store of woods and Tygers There are also other wilde beasts Here in the Citie Nabarca was an Oracle which gaue answeres by dreames Some Riuers in this Countrey haue so steepe a fall into the Sea that vnder the waters the people resort to sacrifice or banquet the streame shooting violently ouer their heads without wetting them Iouius writeth That the ayre is vnwholsome by reason of the Fennes Straua the chiefe Citie aboundeth in trafficke for Silke The Ilands before it in the Sea were no lesse refuge to the Inhabitants in the Tamberlaine-tempest then to the Italians in the time of Attila whose places where now Venice standeth Their Religion as the State both in times past and present hath followed the Persian of whom we are next to speake It is reported of Tappyri inhabiting neere to Hyrcania that their custome was to bestow their wiues on other men when they had borne them two or three children so did Cato his wife Martia on Hortensius and such saith Vertomannus is the custome at this day of the Indians in Calechut to exchange wiues in token of friendship They had wine in such estimation that they anointed their bodies therewith The Caspij shut vp their parents after they are come to age of seuentie yeeres and there in respect of pietie what more could the impious doe starue them to death Some say That after that age they place them
except one Suburb in the Peninsula to which men passe by a bridge of boats euery night dissolued for feare of the Arabs or stormes whence through the bountie of an Italian Merchant Sir Victorio Speciero they escaped for they were not vnsuspected with a Carauan of Persian Pilgrims wich came from Mecca Thirtie dayes they were on the way to the Confines and fifteene from thence to Casbin where they staied a moneth attending the Kings arriuall being in the meane time well vsed vpon conceit that the King would like well of their comming the people otherwise are ill in themselues and onely good by example of their King and strict obedience to him For of the ancient Persians there are few these being the posteritie of those which haue been here seated by the transplantations of Tamerlane and Ismael not to mention any more ancient out of other Countries The King himselfe by our Authors Relation in his vertues and gouernment is as if some Philosopher should discourse of what should be rather then an Historian declare what is as did Xenophon sometimes in his Cyrus Of those imputations of Paricide and ambition not a word His order of attaining the Crowne is thus reported The Persian custome being that onely the elder brother ruleth the rest are made blinde by burning basons hauing otherwise all contentments fit for Princes children when Xa-Tamas was dead without issue his brother so hee calleth him contrary to our former relations and to that of Mirkond the Persian which I more maruell at Xa-Codabent was called Blind to the Kingdome He had issue Sultan Hamzire Mirza the eldest who succeeded him and this present King called Abas The eldest in his fathers life time administred all things which blindnesse made the other vnfit for but Abas at twelue yeeres of age vnder the gouernment of Tutors held the Prouince of Yasde where the loue of the people made him suspected to his Father who secretly resolued his death Abas by his friends hearing it fled to Corasan a Tartar people on the East of Persia both by their religion and dependance Turkish and of themselues otherwise vnquiet and addicted to spoyle This King honoured Abas as his sonne His father soone after dying Sultan Hamzire succeeded who was forced to renew his truce with the Turk by reason of the rebellion of the Turcomans whom by force he subdued beheaded their Princes for his securitie slew twentie thousand of the ablest amongst them for the wars And then wholly bending his thoughts against the Turk was by treason slaine by his Barber His Princes Authors of this fact shared his State amongst them euery one making himselfe Lord of that Prouince which he gouerned vniting their resolutions against Abas whom also the Turke which had his hand in the businesse had vndertaken should bee kept still in Corazan Abas neuerthelesse so wrought that the King of Corazan dismissed him with three thousand horsemen to winne possession of that State which since hath deuoured the Tartars and is growne terrible to the Turke being no lesse in Extent then the Turke hath in Asia and better both peopled gouerned and deuoted to their Soueraigne But it was not easily atchieued In Sistane one of the neerest Prouinces hee was encountred with twenty thousand his troupes cut in pieces himselfe forced to flee to the mountaines where he liued three moneths vnknowen amongst the heardmen flitting vp and downe with tenne or twelue followers Wearie of this life hee determined to shew himselfe in Yasd his quondam Prouince which so well succeeded that numbers come flocking to him and Ferrat Can also a great Prince discontent with the present State no part of which had falne to him hauing at that time no Prouince in his gouernement when the King was slaine resorted to him with his brother and tenne thousand followers They were welcome but hee much more as a great Souldier and a wise Prince With these forces hee ouerthrew his neerest enemies which caused those of Shyras Asphaan Cassan assisted by the Kings of Gheylan and Mazandran to gather mighty forces In the meane time the Turkes armed at Tauris and the Prince of Hamadan hauing called in a strength of the Courdines was marching towards Casbin Thus beset with Armies hee leaueth Ferrat Can with Zulpher his brother and fiue thousand men in Casbin himselfe with the rest of his power marched towards the Can of Hamadan Now did Ferrat Can according to former agreement betweene the King and him professe himselfe altered from the Kings part and writeth to the Rebells offering to ioyne his strength with theirs and to mutinie the Kings Armie also which was lodged in the Mountaynes in shew to keepe the straits indeede to expect the euent Thus the Cans assembled at Casbin and after long deliberation concluded that it was needelesse and not safe to call in the Turkes forces and dispatched a messenger and present to the Bassa of Tauris to reserue his fauour till a time more needfull Hereof Ferrat sent word closely to the King and of a banquet which should bee at his house a few nights after where the Principalls of the Army should meet Hither Abas bid himselfe a guest posting thither with fiue thousand of his best horse which he disposed in the mountaine couered with Ferrats troupe expecting the appointed signe which being giuen late in the night when the whole company was heauie with wine and sleepe the King was receiued into the house with three hundred men where without any vprore he slew seuentie And at the breake of the day the Kings people made as great shouts noyse as if all the Army had bin there whereat the Alarme being giuen all betooke them to their armes repairing to Ferrats lodging to their Princes whose heads laced vpon a string were there presented to them out of a Tarras vpon which the King presently shewed himselfe with Ferrat Can Zulpher hauing his fiue thousand men ready in a troupe in the great place All these things together so amazed them that they thought the Kings pardon a high preferment which he freely granted both them and the succours sent thither by the Kings of Cheylan and Mazandran The reports hereof made Hamadans Armie to vanish and the King tooke order presently by new Cans for the gouernment of those parts Hee led his souldiers to Hisphaan giuing out that the treasures of the Kingdome were there layd vp by the Rebels a good policie to winne it which with as much pretended indignation he rased for fayling of his seeming hopes To satisfie his Souldiers better he led them against the Kings of Gheylan and Mazandran where the entrances by Nature difficult thorow the vnpassable woods and hilles were made easie by the reuolt of those to whom the charge of keeping the Straits was giuen whose liues Abas had before spared at Casbin The successe was the two Kings were slaine and the souldiers enriched with the spoyle of a Countrey exceeding fertile thus subdued
best house which needed lest furniture of houshold Hee added that they searched the secrets of Nature and that returning into the Citie if they met with any carrying figs or grapes they receiued of him gratis if oyle they powred it on them and all mens houses and goods were open to them euen to the Parlors of their wiues When they were entred they imparted the wisdome of their sentences as the other communicated his meats If they feared any disease they preuented the same with fire as was now said of Calanus Megasthenes reproueth this Calanus as Alexanders Trencher-Chaplaine and commendeth Mandanis saying That when Alexanders messengers told him that he must come to the sonne of Iupiter with promise of rewards if he came otherwise menacing torture hee answered That neither was he Iupiters sonne nor did possesse any great part of the earth as for himselfe he neither respected his gifts nor feared his threatnings for while he liued India yeelded him sufficient if he dyed he should be freed from age and exchange for a better and purer life Whereupon he saith Alexander both pardoned and praised him Clitarchus reporteth also that to the Brachmanes are opposed another sect called Pramnae men full of subtiltie and contention which derided the studies of others in Physiologie and Astronomie He diuideth the Brachmanes into those of the Mountaines clothed in Deere skins which carried scrips full of roots and medicines which they applied with certaine charmes to cure diseases and the second sort he calleth Gymnetae those naked ones before mentioned whereof it seemeth they were called Gymnosophistae which had women amongst them but not in carnall knowledge the third he calleth Ciuill which liued in Cities and Villages wearing fine linnen and apparrelled in skins Clemens Alexandrinus speakes of their fastings and other austere courses out of Alex. Polyhistor de rebus Indicis The Brachmanes saith he neither eate any quick thing nor drinke wine But some of them eat euery day as we doe some onely euery third day They contemne death nor much esteeme of life beleeuing to be borne againe Some worship Pan and Hercules But those Indians which are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for their grauitie and austeritie liue altogether naked These practise Truth and foretell things to come and worship a certaine Pyramis vnder which they thinke are laid the bones of some god Neither the Gymnosophists nor these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vse women but thinke it vnlawfull and against Nature and therefore obserue chastitie Likewise there are Virgins which are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the female sexe They seeme to obserue the heauenly bodies and by their signification to foretell future euents Thus farre Clemens Nicolaus Damascenus saith That at Antiochia hee saw the Indian Embassadors sent to Augustus from Porus the King as his letter contained of sixe hundred Kings with presents among which was a female-Viper of sixteene Cubits one of the like bignesse Strabo saith he saw sent out of Egypt and a Cray-fish of three Cubits and a Partrich bigger then a Vulture Zarmanochagas one of these Indian Philosophers was one of the Embassadours who at Athens burned himselfe not moued thereto by aduersitie but by prosperitie which had in all things followed his desires lest in his succeeding age it might alter and therefore entered the fire anointed naked laughing His Epitaph was Here lyeth Zarmanochagas the Indian of Bargosa which according to his Countrey-custome made himselfe immortall But it is not such maruell that their Philosophers thus contemned death whereas their Women the weaker and more fearefull sexe wherein out-went their sexe and weakenesse For their custome admitting many wiues the dearest of which was burned with the deceased husband Hae igitur contendunt inter se de amore viri they are Hieromes words ambitio summa certantium est ac testimonium castitatis dignam morte decerni They ambitiously contend amongst themselues to obtaine this fatall testimonie of their husbands loue and their owne chastitie and the conqueresse in her former habit lyeth downe by the carkasse embracing and kissing the same contemning the fire which thus marryeth them againe in despight of deaths diuorce A thing to this day obserued in many parts of India as we shall see anon Arrianus reporteth of a place called Comar it seemeth the Cape Comori ouer-against Zeilan wherein is a Hauen to which vsed to resort certaine Votaries which had deuoted themselues to a single life to wash themselues in those holy-waters The like was done by their Nun-like women They had a tradition of a certaine goddesse which vsed to wash her selfe there euery moneth Suidas telleth of a Nation called Brachmanes inhabiting an Iland in the Sea where Alexander erected a pillar with inscription that he had passed so farre They liue an hundred and fiftie yeeres and haue neither bread wine flesh nor metals nor houses but liue of the fruits and cleere water and are very religious Their wiues liue apart on the other side Ganges to whom they passe in Iuly and August and after fortie dayes returne home againe When the wife hath had two children shee neither knoweth her husband after nor any other man which is obserued also when in fiue yeeres he can raise no issue of her hee after abstaineth These slay no beasts in sacrifice but affirme That GOD better accepteth vnbloudie sacrifices of Prayer and more delighteth in Man his owne Image In the Hills called Hemodi Bacchus is said to haue erected pillars to witnesse his Conquest as farre in that Easterne Ocean as Hercules did in the West He built the Citie Nysa where he left his sicke and aged Souldiers which Alexander spared and suffered to their owne libertie for Dionysius or Bacchus his sake And as Bacchus erected Pillars so did Alexander Altars to the Twelue chiefe gods as high as Towers Monuments of his farre trauels where he obserued solemne games and sacrifices Hee sacrificed also not to his Countrey gods alone but to Hydaspis Acesine and Indus Indian Riuers and to other gods with other Rites and Sacrifices then he had before vsed drowning a golden bowle in Indus and another in the Ocean in his Ethnicke superstition To him did the Indian Magi so doth Arrianus call their Brachmanes say That hee was but as other men sauing that hee had lesse rest and was more troublesome and being dead should enioy no more land then would serue to couer his bodie And euery man said they stamping with their feet on the ground hath so much as he treadeth on Eusebius reciteth out of Bardesanes Cyrus that amongst the Indians and Bactrians were many thousand Brachmanes which as well by Tradition as Law worshipped no Image nor ate any quick Creature dranke no Wine nor Beere only attending on Diuine things whereas the other Indians are very vicious yea some hunt Men sacrifice and deuoure them and were as Idolaters Plinie besides his Relations of Monsters in
World to bee a Tallipoy In few dayes after he is carried vpon a Thing like an Horse-litter which they call a Serion vpon ten or twelue mens shoulders in apparrell of a Tallipoy with Pipes and Drums and many Tallipoys with him and all his friends which accompany him to his House standing without the Towne and there leaue him Euery one of them hath his House which is very little set vpon sixe or eight Posts to which they ascend on a Ladder of twelue or fourteene steps These Houses are commonly by the High-wayes side and among the Trees and in the Woods They goe strangely apparrelled with one Camboline or thin Cloth next to their bodie of a browne colour another of yellow doubled many times vpon their shoulders These two bee girded to them with a broad Girdle and they haue a Skin of Leather hanging on a string about their neckes whereon they sit bare-headed and bare-footed with their right armes bare and a broad Sombrero or shadow in their hands to defend them in Summer from the Sunne and in Winter from the raine They are shauen on their heads beards and all their bodies They obserue perpetuall Chastitie and are modest in their going When one of them dies his body is kept many dayes with Feasts and after is set on a high Scaffold many Tallapoys feasting about it Thus it is carried to the place of burning by a great number of people where it is consumed with sweet Woods to the bones these buried neere their Houses and the ashes cast into the water Balby resembles them in Habite and Ceremonies to their Friers They goe with a great Pot made of Wood or fine Earth and couered tyed with a broad Girdle vpon their shoulders which commeth vnder their arme wherewith they goe to beg their Victuals which they eate which is Rice Fish and Hearbs They demand nothing but come to the doore and the people presently doe giue them one thing or other which they put together in their Pot. They keepe their Feasts by the Moone and at a new Moone is their most solemne Feast and then the people send Rice and other things to that Kiack or Church of which they be and there all the Tallipoys of that Church meet and ate that which is sent them They Preach against all abuses and many resort vnto them When they enter into their Kiack at the doore their is a great Iarre of Water with a Cocke or a Ladle in it and there they wash their feet and then enter in lifting vp their hands to their heads first to their Preacher then to the Sun and so sit downe When the Tallipoys preach many of the people carry them gifts vnto the Pulpit where they sit and preach And there is one that sitteth by them to take that which the people bring which is diuided among them They haue none other Ceremonies nor Seruice that I could see but onely Preaching Bomferrus a Franciscan and after him Boterus say That they hold an innumerable multitude of Worlds from all eternitie succeeding one after another and also an innumerable number of Gods but not all at once They imagine that fiue haue gouerned this present World whereof foure are passed aboue 2090. yeeres agoe Now they are without a God and expect the fifth many Ages hereafter after whose death they conceiue that the World shall perish by fire and then another World shall follow and others Gods to rule it They recken likewise in the number of their Gods certaine Men which yet haue first passed into Fishes Beasts and Birds of all sorts After death they beleeue three Places one of Pleasure Scuum like the Mahumetane Paradise another of Torment Naxac the third of Annihilation which they call Niba The Soules after their phantasie abide in the two former places whence they returne so often into this life till at last they be holden worthy that Niba Hee addeth that they haue Couents or Colledges of Priests which liue three hundred together or more in one place haue no vse of Women are harbourers of Strangers and liue some of Almes some of Rents They haue like Nunneries also for the Women There is supposed to be in one Idol-Sanctuary whereof they haue many 120000. Idols They fast thirtie dayes in the yeere in which they eat nothing till night They are of opinion That he which in this world robbeth another man shall in the next world bee his seruant for recompence They hold it a sin also to kill a liuing creature although this be not strictly obserued amongst them Some Iewes are of opinion That this people descended of those Israelites which Salomon sent to Ophir which they place in this Kingdome But the Peguans themselues ascribe their Religion to a Dog and a China woman which escaped shipwracke The Deuill is highly worshipped of these Pegusians to whom they erect a stately Altar and adorne it with varietie of Flowers and Meates of all sorts so to fee and feede him that hee should not hurt them This is principally done when they are sicke for then they make Vowes and build Altars which they couer with Clothes and Flowers They entertaine him also with diuersitie of Musicke and appoint him a Priest whom they call the Deuils Father which procureth his Rites and Musicke Some as soone as they rise from their beds bring a basket of Rice and meates and a burning Torch in their hands running vp and downe in the streets openly professing to feede the Deuill to preuent harme from them that day And if Dogs follow them they hold them to be sent of the Deuill to deuoure those meates in his name Some will not eate till they haue first cast something behinde their backes to the Deuill And in the Country Villages some of the richer inhabitants leaue their houses furnished with store of food three moneths space to bee inhabited of him keeping meane while in the fields that so the other nine moneths they may bee out of his danger And howsoeuer the Tallipoys preach against this deuillish deuotion yet they cannot reclaim the people The Tallipoys euery Munday arise early and by the ringing of a Bason call together the people to their Sermons which are of Iustice to man but nothing of Religion to God They wash themselues once a yeere and the water wherewith they are washed the people account holy and reserue it for their drinke as a holy potion They hold that all which doe well of whatsoeuer Religion shall be saued and therefore care not as Balby affirmeth if any of their Nation turne Christian They haue many Feasts very solemnly obserued One Feast called Sapan Giachie is kept twelue leagues from the Citie whither the King rides in a triumphall Chariot with his Queene in exceeding pompe so adorned with Iewels that the eye cannot endure their shining his Nobles attending Another is kept in Pegu against which day all the Courtiers prouide them certaine Pillars or Images
cut their Cables and to escape by flight being swifter of sayle then the English Thus the Portugals wanted a Hercules for this Dragon more watchfull then the Hesperidan more terrible then the Lernaean or a Medaea to Charme this as sometimes the Colchian these three Dragons the Poets faine Monsters begotten of Typhon and Echidna but none of them breathing Fire nor roaring Thunders like this fell Indian Dragon here spoken of In these fights after Master Salmons reckoning the Dragon spent sixe hundred thirtie nine and the Osiander three hundred eightie seuen great shot besides three thousand small The Great Mogoll which before thought none comparable to the Portugall at Sea much wondred at the English resolution related to him by Sardar Cham. The Portugals lost by their owne Confession one hundred and sixtie by others report fiue hundred men the Sabandar reckoned three hundred and fiftie in these fights the English three men and the arme of another shot off The Articles agreed on before by the Gouernour were confirmed by the Kings Firma which they receiued Ianuary the eleuenth Captaine Best returned to Swally December one and twentieth and sent Letters of this successe for England by land but the Messenger with his Indian were both poysoned by two Friers in the way homewards another Letter sent by a Mariner came to the Companies hands in very good season and they sent forth foure ships hither besides three to other places vnder the Command of Generall Downton viz. The New yeeres Gift the Hector the Merchants Hope and the Salomon These leauing England in March on October the fifteenth following 1614. anchored at South Swally not farre from Surrat where they found the Countrey in Armes against the Portugals which had a little before taken a Ship of the Mogols in which was said to bee three millions of Treasure and two women bought for the Great Mogol They also tooke a Guzzarate Ship worth one hundred thousand pounds with seuen hundred persons therin at the barre of Surat notwithstanding their owne Passe granted them and sent them to Goa The Decanims laid siege to Chaul and Mocrob Chan was to doe his vtmost for his Master the Mogol The Moores on all hands sought their Destruction and they were driuen to send away many hundreths of the Banyans out of their Townes to free themselues of vnprofitable Mouths three Barkes of which came to Surat others to Cambaya Mocrob Chan laboured very earnestly with the Generall to ingage himselfe in that warre against the Portugall which because he could not doe except in a defensiue quarrell by his Commission the Nabab so they call this Mocrob Chan then Vice-Roy or Gouernour of the Countrey about Surat the Iesuites interprete Nabab supreame Iudge was strange to the English and offered the Merchants some hard measure yea the Iesuites which were with Mocrob Chan tooke occasion from this refusall to counterfeit a Letter from the Vice-Roy threatning that except they yeelded to peace He and his friends the English would ioyne against Surat which suspition Master Aldworth one of our Merchants furthered ignorant of the former but threatning that their abuses would cause the English to ioyne with the Portugall Thus ticklish were the termes on which they stood December the sixteenth the Generall receiued a Letter that the Portugals had burnt Goga with many Villages thereabouts and ten great Ships one of which was the Rehemee with one hundred and twentie small vessels hee read the Letter of a Iesuite in which the King of Spaine commaunded the Vice-Roy to burne Surat if they receiued the English On December the seuen and twentieth two and twentie Portugall Frigates sought to lay the Hope aboord but by force of shot were put off The Vice-Roy sent offer of Friendship to Mocrob Chan on condition that hee would turne the English out of Surat and suffer him to build a Fort at Swally otherwise threatning bloudie warres And so on Ianuary the fourteenth came two Fleets of Frigates and on the eighteenth sixe great Gallions with three lesser Ships Two Gallies were yet behinde The Frigates were threescore some adde fifteene more This great force made Mocrob Chan to feare whereupon hee sent a Present to the Vice-Roy with some Treatie of peace whereof the Vice-roy made light account thinking first to ouercome vs a thing not hard in his conceit and then to treate of peace on his owne termes Much policie was vsed on both parts the Nabab complementing and sending Ptesents to the Vice-Roy and out Generall also the Vice-Roy promising much to himselfe but reckoning without his host and therefore when after the fight hee would haue concluded vpon the conditions that Mocrob had offered hee was then refused with a scoffe that hee would not make peace with so weake an enemy that could not preuaile against foure Merchants Ships On the twentieth of Ianuary their three smaller Ships had thought to haue Stemmed the Hope then riding at an Anchor neere the Barre of Swally some distance from the rest these laid her aboord on the Star-boord side and one Gally and fiue and fortie sayle of Frigates on their Lar-boord the Gallions followed as farre as the Sands would permit The Admirall made to their helpe and for the better speed cut their Cable but the Enemies had alreadie entered with great shew of resolution without feare or wit saith one of the Hopes men thirtie or fortie were entered on the Fore-castle But the Gift in this fatall Moneth answered her Name and gaue them for a New-yeeres-Gift such Orations roarations yee may call them that they were easily perswaded to leaue the Hope and all hopelesse to coole their hote blouds with leaping into the Seas cold waters where many for want of a Boat made vse of Charons those that were of most hope and courage held still their possession of the entered Hope but with enterred hopes and dispossession of their liues I know not what Salmoneus Dum flammas Iouis sonitus imitatur Olympi Aere imitans nimbos non imitabile fulmen or what Prometheus hath taught these later Ages to steale Iupiters Fires and instructed so many Cyclopean Artificers to imitate those heauenly in hellish Thunders and sulphurous lightnings these Mettall-Deuils as Angels of Death with Brazen sides and Iron Mouths proclaiming Destruction and Desolation to the World These Bullets are the true fire-breathing Buls such the Poets fained at Colchos and this Ordnance the fire-foaming horses of Diomedes feeding on the flesh of men which yet I know not whether very crueltie haue made sparing whiles the Terror hath made men sparing in the vse of it this Age for this cause yeelding fewer pitched battels and in them fewer slaine numbers then the former which neuer heard of this cruell-mercifull Engine But let vs leaue this Parenthesis The Portugals whether themselues by casualtie or industry set fire on their ships or that the fire which Master Mullineux the Master of the Hope cast into one of
be the Reliques of the Tartarian conquests in those parts so Adelham is King of Iustice Neza in the Persian which Scaliger saith is of like extent in the East as Latine in the West is a Lance Maluco signifieth the Kingdome Neza or Nizamaluco the Speare or Lance of the kingdom So Cotamaluco the Tower of the kingdom Imadmaluco the Throne of the Kingdome c Nizamaluco is also called Nizamoxa which Xa or Scha is a Persian title signifying as Monsieur in France Don in Spaine and giuen by Ismael the Sophi and Tamas his sonne to all those Kings that would communicate in their Sect which Nizamoxa only yeelded to Other of them made shew but soone recanted Thus farre Garcias The Decan Kings being now ten or twelue make joynt warre against the Mogoll hauing one Lieutenant Generall which is Amber Chapu an Abassen slaue before mentioned out of Captaine Hawkins who hath many Lecks of Rupias in ready money and is Protector of the Kingdome of Amdanagar the titular King being a childe One Robert Iohnson an Englishman turned Moore and was entertained with much respect of one of the Decan Kings but died eight dayes after his Circumcision So were Robert Claxon and Robert Trally voluntarily robbed of that which they neuer had Faith and Religion and turned Moores The Decans dominians reach from the West Sea to that of Choromandel or very neere thereto The chiefe reason of their Mahumetan Religion was that Conquest by Nosaradin and his successors Moores that there are so many Kingdomes proceed from that diuision before mentioned §. III. Of the Banian and Cambayan superstitions THe Religion in Cambaya is partly Moorish partly Heathenish The Banians are many in Sinda and other Countries of the Mogol There are some thirty Casts of them in Sinda this is the Countrey which Indus last forsaketh inhabited by Boloches and Rasbooches and Banians the great Townes and Cities gouerned by Mogols These are of thirty different Sects which may not eate with each other They must also marry in their owne Cast Tribe and Sect and which is more in the same trade as the Sonne of a Barber with a Barbers Daughter These marriages are made when they be yong sometime almost before they be For when two women are pregnant the Parents will make a match betweene their Children if death or the sexe disappoint not When they are three or foure yeeres old the Parents which haue agreed on a match betweene their Children make a great feast and set this young couple on horsebacke a man behind each of them to hold them in their best clothes accompanied with the Bramenes or Priests and many others according to their state and so leade them vp and downe the Citie where they dwell and then to the Pagode or Temple After Ceremonies there done they come home and make festiuall cheere certaine dayes as they are able At ten yeeres of age they lie together The burning their dead is common to all their Sects They are of the Pythagorean or he was rather of their fancy which he learned of the Indians When the husband dies the wife shaues her head and weares her jewels no more so continuing till death Thus farre Master Withington M. Couert relateth that they haue God in pictures of stone hanging their Beades on the heads of the pictures and then with their faces towards the Sunne doe worship it saying all their comforts proceed from it I saw a Kow adorned with Iewels and a Vest of gold her head bedecked with garlands flowers and then being brought to a burial place where they vse to make Sermons they kisse her feet and teats and worship her I asking why they did so they answered that she was the mother of beasts brought them milke butter cheese and the Oxe to till the ground and lastly her Hide did make leather to make them shooes Moreouer they say she is blest by the Mother of God to be honored aboue all beasts Another writes that these Banians are the wisest Merchants in the East exceeding the Iewes very rich some worth 2. or 300000li. He addes that they pay a great summe to the Mogol to preuent killing of Oxen and when our men had shot a Turtle-doue through the wings they will giue a Riall of eight to redeeme and preserue it Generall Downton in his last Iournall writes that when they would haue obtained a Bazar or Market by the shoare answere was made that they might but not for Bullocks For the Mogol had granted his Firma to the Banians for a mighty summe yeerly to saue their liues For Souldiery these are but shadowes of men all their Fortitude smoking out in these superstitious speculations and therefore an easie prey to any Inuader So true a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue they sustained being metamorphosed and transanimated from men to blockes and liuing statues or to ghosts Beniamin Day nameth one of their Sects called Ash-men whose bodies being most part naked are couered with ashes whereby they looke like ghosts or dead men They liue idlely on reliefe not so much as begging One of these was in great account with haire hanging to his feet platted together his nailes fiue or sixe inches long Vertomannus is Author that they worship not Idols or Pagodes Others report That this way aad others they are exceeding religiously deuoted They obserue a strict kind of fasting which lasteth with some eight dayes with others fifteene twenty or thirty dayes in all which space they eate not a bit onely when they thirst drinke water One could not see when to make an end of this his penance till his left eye fell out of his head as both had done before out of his heart In Cambaia they had one Bramene in such reputation of holinesse and honour that they would salute him before they meddled with their worldly affaires One affirmed to this Iesuite That if his Bramene should command him to distribute all his goods to the poore he would doe it yea he would lay downe his life at his command On the eight day of Ianuarie i in that Citie were giuen in almes twenty thousand Pardawes which is in value about a Flemish Dollar one man had giuen fiue thousand thereof another three thousand another fifteene hundred The cause was because that day as their Bramenes affirmed the Sunne departed from Sur to Horte Of their Pilgrimages is spoken before some Eastward to Ganges some Westward to Mecca to wit the Moores not men alone but women also and because Mahomet hath forbidden all vnmarried women this holy Iourney they will marrie before they set forth and dissolue the same marriage againe after their returne Hereby they thinke to purchase merit with God I went one day sayth Pinnerus to the publike Hospitall which the Citizens of Cambaia had founded for all kindes of Birds to cure them in their sicknesse Some Peacockes were there incurable and therefore might haue
was there all the Towne and Neighbour-hood sending their Presents and comming to view the same and not the meanest but admitted to meate in the Kings presence I could from hence conduct you to the monstrous buildings raysed be Taicosama employed night and day one hundred thousand men at worke I could present you with the pompous entertainment of their great Solemnities this being a tyrannicall policy to cause Gentry and Nobility of this stirring Nation thus to impouerish themselues with all possible brauery that so their hands might bee too short for State practices But with remembring these things I should forget my principall scope Let vs therefore take view of their Religion §. IIII. Of their Sects and Bonzian Colledges THey haue many Sects some reckon them twelue all truely agreeing in disagreeing with truth some of them Epicure-like denying Gods Prouidence and the Soules Immortality They hold that a man hath three soules which one after another come into and depart out of the body Few of their Bonzij will openly teach this Doctrine but labour to hold the people in awe Amida and Xaca they preach as Sauiours and to bee worshipped Some of their Sects doe beleeue an eternall life and promise it to all such as call vpon these supposed Deities as Saints which sometime led so austere a life for the sins of Mankinde that for a man to vexe his minde or macerate his body for his owne sinnes or to doe good workes would not onely bee superstitious but offensiue and derogatorie to their merits And here the kind-hearted Iesuite is panged with a fit of Charity to yoke the Lutheranes with them as if the sufferings of Iesus were but the Superstitions of Amida as if eyther the sufferings of man imperfect borrowed dutie could bee or the sufferings of God could not bee meritorious or as if the Lutherans denyed Christian contrition whose affect is Indignation effect selfe reuenge as they doe Popish Confession and Satisfaction These Gods they call Fotoques Other Gods of a lesse mould they call Camis which haue their charges and peculiar Offices for Health Children Riches c. as among the elder that I trouble not the queasie stomackes of the later Romanes These were Kings and Noblemen or Inuenters of Artes of whom they they haue as true tales as Homer of the Legend yeeldeth Taicosama that dyed a few yeeres since the first in which these many later ages took the title of a King which together with the Crowne hee receiued of the King of China ordayned before his death that his body should not be burned after the wonted manner but closed in a Chest and in a sumptuous Temple for that purpose built his Image should be enshrined and worshipped with the title of Scinfaciman or new Faciman the name of their Mars or Warlike God which was also done Hee had appointed by Will the forme of that Temple which should bee built vnto him which by those Decem-viri was done Captayne Saris saw it hauing on each side fifty stone Pillars very stately for matter Arte and scite seated on a Hill The people called him the principall Cam of their Cams at the first erection his corps was there intombed and his Statue erected for their Superstitious worships Thus he which in his youth had vsed to cut wood and carry it into the Market to sell for his daily sustinance for his valour promoted in Military Honours at last became the greatest Monarch that Iapon had seene in eight hundred yeeres and not contented with humane greatnesse would aspire to that diuine whereof hee himselfe had beene a derider in others His name before was Faxiba called after Quabacondonus the highest title next to the Dairi and signifieth the chiefe of the Treasure next borrowing a Kingly stile from China would mad folly on his Death-bed bequeath God-head to a Man and Immortalitie to a carkasse when hee could no longer hold out his pride cruelty and other wicked courses which made his presence dreadfull his memory detestable Nabunanga was his predecessor in his State and Impiety arrogating diuine honour to himselfe but destroying the Temples of their Gods together with the Temple-keepers the Bonzij This appeared as Frenoiama a famous Vniuersitie of those Bonzij nine miles from Meaco wherein eight hundred yeeres past a Iaponian King had erected three thousand and eight hundred Temples with houses adioyning for the Bonzij allowing to their maintenance the third part of the Reuenue of the Kingdome of Vomen Hence proceeded their orders and gouernment in affaires both of State and Religion being a Seminary of Lawes and Superstitions But these Temples in time diminished to eight hundred and the Bonzian Discipline as much empayred and altered from Austeritie in some to Wantonnesse in others from Arts to Armes The Bonzij tooke part with Nechien enemy of Nabunanga who enraged hereat made truce with the one to destroy the other The Bonzij not preuayling by their suing for peace fortified themselues for warre in the Temple of Quanon their God of health and long life much frequented with Pilgrimes from all parts much solemnized with their pompous Processions like in all parts if yee beleeue the Iesuite to their Corpus Christi Solemnity which grew the more famous for that these were but the preamble to the like pompe in Gibon Festiuall at Meaco But all preuayled not with Nabunanga who destroyed both Temple and Priests with fire and sword burning foure hundred other Temples for company in the yeere 1572. At Meaco he burned twenty of these Bonzian Cloysters of the greater sort besides fourescore lesse and in one of them threescore Bonzian women or Nunnes whose Deuotion was employed in begging for the reparation of the Temple of Daibud Amongst the rest as the Grecians had their Mercury with his Caducaus so the Iaponians haue their Iizu with his Trident to conuey soules departed into their alloted eternall residences The Bonzij his Chaplaines by lots enquired whither they should remooue him hee commanded it and they with great solemnitie performed it but out of a place which then escaped to another wherein and wherewith he was burnt Facusangin was another Bonzian Academy adorned with many Colledges which he destroyed Xuanguen the King of Cainochun shaued his head and beard and professed himselfe a Bonzi and not only attyred himselfe in their Habit but thrice a day did performe their Superstitions hauing six hundred Bonzij to his followers He writ to Nabunanga intituling himselfe the Patron of those Religions the other in his answere stiled himselfe the Tamer of Deuils and Enemy of Sects But after that he would bee a God soone did he cease to be a man the immortall God hating Corriuals by his owne subiects destroyed his life riches and memory These Bonzij are for the most part Gentlemen whom their Parents hauing many children for want of mayntenance thrust into Cloysters Shauen as you haue heard and Shauers couetously pilling and polling the
but halfe words beeing surprized with his feare a passion which is the betraying of the Succours that Reason offereth Cubo commanded that hee should bee stripped of his Bonzian habite in a publike Congregation by other Priests together with his Companions laden meane while with insolent words and blowes After this they and eleuen more of their Sect aboue twentie in all were bound and ledde vp and downe this Citie and other the chiefe Cities of Iapan in which before hee had Preached Lastly all of them were carried backe to Miaco and Carted the Preacher had his Eares and Nose cut off the rest their Noses and the matter taken vp by the King of Fingo which followed Xaca obtayned this Conclusion that all the Foquexus should by their publike writing confesse that the Founder of their Heresie which first taught the worshippers of Amida to bee damned was an Impostor and that Xaca neuer had taught so Thus hath this Emperour dealt with the Iaponian Sects nor is hee equall to the Iesuites Christianitie For in Yendo so the Iesuites call that Imperiall Citie of the Prince Ours Eddo and Edoo Proclamation was made that None of the Nobles should become Christian And many inferiour Kings persecuted the same specially Michael an Apostata the King of Arima which had before vsed bad meanes to remoue his Father so to become his vntimely Successour This his Father Iohn had a little before beene employed against the Portugals Ship of Macao The reason was some quarrels at Macao betwixt the Portugals and Iaponians who being seuerely enquired into by the Portugall Magistrate fledde home and acquainted Cubo with the businesse Hereupon this ship arriuing in Iapan at Nangasach Hee sent this King of Arima against them in which fight the Portugall Ship long preuayling by casualtie was fired and by themselues casting fire into the Gunners-roome blowne vp to the losse of a Million of goods This Iohn vsing indirect meanes to obtaine part of the Kingdome of Fyen his hopes increased by the marriage of the Emperours Neece to his Sonne Michael notwithstanding his former wife The issue was that whiles the Father entertayned one policie the Sonne had two the one for that Land of Fyen the other to supplant His Father who seemed to forget the Iaponian custome in their age to relinquish the Gouernment to the Sonne or Successour This at last hee effected by his Fathers banishment first and soone after his death and now becomming of his wiues Religion persecuted the Christians and banished the Iesuites Hee burnt or roasted rather eight of his Subiects after Saint Lawrence his example And the Emperour himselfe hath much distasted the Iesuites The reason is not mentioned by the Iesuites But Captayne Saris then in Iapan affirmes that a Ship of the Portugals comming from Macao Ogashasama sent to haue some rarities bought for his vse The Gouernour I know not whether it were the King of Firando moued the Iesuites to effect the Emperours pleasure They said they were Religious men this belonged to the Captayne of the Ship Hee being sollicited said it belonged to the Master the Master was asked and answered The Iesuites ruled herein Thus was the businesse wound in a Circle they seeking it seemes to heighten the price and the Gouernour to whom the Emperour had sent accused the Iesuites as beeing vnder the Cloake of Religion Merchants Hereupon He caused their Temples to be pulled downe and all remoued to Nangasacke and prohibited any Masse-saying within fiue leagues of the Court which whiles some presumed in their zeale to transgresse saying Masse in an Hospitall of Lepers within that Compasse they were Crucified therefore Captayn Saris in his journey to Sorunga met with some of their Churches thus taken downe diuers Iunkes being laden with them For such is the Iaponian building with joynts in their Timber and without nayles that it may easily be remoued The Reliques of these crucified persons were reserued as great Holies as great Follies I should haue said And since Master Cockes hath written that the Iesuites are all banished Iapan and their Churches puld downe and burnt The Iesuites had some goodly Colledges as at Meaco one as large as the Tower-Hill whither the Children resorted daily to their Schoole And before these dayes the Kings of Bungo Arima and Omur sent their Embassadours to the Pope then Gregorie the thirteenth with Letters of deuotion to his Holinesse and had audience in the Consistorie the three and twentieth day of March Ann. 1585. This was the Iesuites policie saith Linschoten to make the Iaponites to know the magnificence of Europe and by that meanes principally to enrich themselues with Gifts and Priuiledges Howsoeuer the Iaponites thought themselues hereby much obliged to the Pope as by the Letter of Don Sancio the King or Lord of Omur and Protasius of Arima to Pope Xistui 1590. appeareth But for a farewell to these Iaponian Iesuites I like their being there so well that I could wish all of that societie were Preaching in that Iland or acting the Scripture-stories vpon the Stage which is one way of instructing the Iaponites or if you like that rather a whipping themselues in their vaine-glorious Processions which is another of their Iaponian Lectures that so they might in some measure expiate the crimes of their European brethren or any way else so that our Europe were well ridde of such vermine Coray is a hundred leagues from Iapan by Sea which is so troublesome that in the fiue yeeres warres betweene the Iaponites and the Corayans it swallowed aboue fiue hundred Ships This Kingdome of Coray is an hundred leagues long and threescore broad tributary to China and confining vpon the Tartars They are good Archers but not so good Souldiers as the Iaponians nor so well weaponed but better prouided of Ships Taicosama warred vpon it both to make it his way as was thought to China and especially that hauing subdued it he might place the Kings his vassals in Iaponia there so to possesse all that Iaponian state immediately himselfe There are to the North of Iapan neere to Sassuma certaine plentifull Ilands called Liuquiu the Portugals name them Sechies which by the King of Sassumas indeuour Cubo hath conquered the King Nobles and a rich bootie taken Formosa is a great barren Iland betwixt Macar and Iapan not farre from China to which it is tributary betwixt whom and the Iapanders haue beene late quarrels Lewis Frois speaketh of a great Nation of wilde people to the North of Iapan three hundred leagues from Meaco which are cloathed with Beasts skinnes with great beards and mustachoes a people giuen to Wine valiant dreadfull to the Iaponites they worship the Heauen and other Religion they haue not Captayne Saris was told at Edoo of an I le called Yedzo North-west from Iapan by one which said hee had beene there twice * that the people are hayrie as Monkeys and that further North there were small
Ioannes Pieus and others for the opening of the Assyrian and Chaldaean opinions and hath collected three hundred and twenty Oracles and sacred Sentences of Zoroaster so hee hath with no lesse industry published twenty Bookes of Hermes or Mercury Trismegistus He affirmeth that there were two of that name the one Grandfather to the other the elder of which was counseller and instructer of Isis and the Scholler of Noah Hee had a Son named Tat which begate the second Hermes which Hermes had a Son also called Tat by which likenesse in name great confusion and vnlikelihoods haue happened in History This second Hermes hee supposeth liued in the dayes of Moses but was somewhat more ancient Both the elder and younger were Writers as he sheweth out of their Workes and called Trismegisti not for that hee was greatest King Priest and Philosopher as Ficinus sayth nor for their cleere Sentences touching the Holy Trinity but as the French vse the word thrice for the Superlatiue as men thrice or most excellent in Learning The same Patricius hath set forth three Treatises of Asclopius of which name were three learned Egyptians Asclepius Vulcani Inuenter of Phyuoke Asclepius Imuthes Inuenter of Poetry and another which had no sirname to which Hermes dedicated some of his Bookes and the same Asclepius in the beginning of his first Booke calleth himselfe the Scholler of Hermes In the Writings of these Egyptians translated into Greeke and explaned by the Egyptian Priests the Greeke Philosophers especially Platonikes and Pythagoreans learned their Diuine Morall and Naturall Philosophy Antiquity and Learning hold vs longer in these mens company the more curious may haue recourse to their owne works For my owne opinion I cannot beleeue so ancient Monuments of Ethnike Authors to remayne but as in the Sybills Berosus Henoch and many other old Authours lost some new obtruded on the World in their Names Yet I leaue to each man his owne censure Twenty thousand Bookes are ascribed to Hermes some say thirtie sixe thousand fiue hundred twenty fiue He in his Asclepius translated by Apulcius thus writeth Egypt is the Image of Heauen and the Temple of the whole World But the time shall come when the Egyptian deuotion shall proue vaine and their pietie frustrate for the Diuinitie shall returne to Heauen and Egypt shall be forsaken of her gods And no maruell seeing that these Gods were Idols the workes of mens hands as himselfe after sheweth and when as they could not make soules they called or coniured into them the soules of Deuils or Angels by which the Images might haue power to doe good or euill For thy Grandfather O Asclepius sayth he was the first Inuenter of Physicke to whom is a Temple consecrated in a Mountayne of Libya where his worldly man his body resteth for the rest or rather his whole selfe is gone to Heauen and doth now heale men by his Deity at then by his Physicke The same doth Mercury my Grandfather preseruing all such as resort to him Much may the willing Reader learne further of their Superstitions which hee thus freely confesseth in that Author whose Prophesie God bee thanked by the bright and powerfull Sun-shine of the Gospell was long since effected CHAP. IIII. Of the Rites Priests Sects Sacrifices Feasts Inuentions and other Obseruations of the Aegyptians §. I. Of their Apis and other Beasts Serpents and other Creatures worshipped THus farre haue we launched out of their History into their Mysteries To returne to the Relation of their Beasts and Bestiall Superstitions Lucian saith That Apu represented the Celestiall Bull and other Beasts which they worshipped other signes in the Zodiake They that respected the Constellation of Pisces did eat no fish nor a Goat if they regarded Capricorne Aries a heauenly Constellation was their heauenly deuotion and not here alone but at the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon Strabo sayth That they nourished many Creatures which they accounted sacred but not Gods This nourishment after Diodorus was in this sort First they consecrated vnto their maintenance sufficient Lands Such Votaries also as had recouered their children from some dangerous sicknesse accustomed to shaue their haire and putting it in gold or siluer offered it to their Priests The Hawkes they fed with gobbets of flesh and with Birds catched for them The Cats and Ichneumons with bread and milke and fish and likewise the rest When they goe their Processions with these hearts displayed in their Banners euery one falleth downe and doth worship When any of them dyeth it is wrapped in fine Linnen salted and embalmed with Cedar and sweet Oyntments and buried in a holy place the reasonlesse men howling and knocking their brests in the exequies of these vnreasonable beasts Yea when famine hath driuen them to eate mans flesh the zeale of deuotion hath preserued vntouched these sacred creatures And if a Dogge dye in a house all in that houshold shaue themselues and make great lamentation If Wine Wheate or other food to be found where such a Beast lyeth dead Superstition forbiddeth further vse of it Principall men with principall meates are appointed to nourish them in the circuit of their Temples They bathe and anoint them with odoriferous Oyntments And they prouide to euery one of them a Female of his owne kinde Their dead they bewayle no lesse then their owne children In their Funerals they are exceeding prodigall In the time of Ptolemeus Lagi their Apis or Bull of Memphis being dead the Keeper bestowed on his Funerall ouer and aboue the ordinary allowance and offerings fiftie Talents of siluer borrowed of Ptolemey that is twelue thousand and fiue hundred pound of our money after the Egyptian Talent or after the Alexandrian eighteene thousand seuen hundred and fifty pound And in our Age sayth Diodorus an eye-witnesse of these his Relations some of these Nourishers haue bestowed an hundred Talents on this last expence which is twice as much as the former After the death of this Bull which they call Apis was made a solemne and publike lamentation which they testified by shauing their heads although their purple lockes might compare with those of Nisus sayth Lucian and after his buriall were an hundred Priests employed in search of another like the former which being found was brought to the City Nilus and there nourished forty dayes Then they conueyed him into a close ship hauing a golden habitacle in which they carried him to Memphis and there placed him in the Temple of Vulcan for a God At his first comming only women were permitted to see him who I know not in what hellish Mystery lifting vp their garments shewed him Natures secrets and from thence forth might neuer be admitted the sight of him At his first finding the people cease their funerall lamentations At his solemne receiuing into Memphis they obserue a seuen-dayes festiuall with great concourse of people His consecration was done by one wearing a Diadem on
Nation being the scumme and dregs of other Nations disguised by a deuised tongue and habit called in some Countries Cingari their life resembling much the Beduini or Rezuini roguish Arabians wandring in Syria and other parts Bellonius saith That these wander through all the Turkish Empire and are no lesse strangers in Egypt then other places They are cunning in Iron-worke and cheating Fortune-tellers some esteeme them Walachians But least I should also impose too cruell a taske on my more willing Readers I will proceed to other obseruations I haue heere in this Egyptian relation of their Rites Manners and Mysteries beene the larger both because Authors are herein plentifull and especially because Egypt hath beene an olde storer and treasurer of these mysticall Rites for that later vpstart the Mysticall Babylon in the West which as shee is spiritually called Sodome and Aegypt so like that Strumpet mentioned by Salomon hath not a little decked her bed with the Ornaments Carpets and Laces of Aegypt Wiser were the Romanes of olde which made diuers Lawes to expell the Aegyptian Rites out of their Citie which the later Popes entertaine CHAP. V. Of the manifold alterations of State and Religion in Aegypt by the Persians Grecians Romans Christians Saracens and Turkes §. I. Of the Persians and Graecians acts in Aegypt and the famous Vniuersitie and Librarie at Alexandria THe last Egyptian Pharao was Psammenitus vanquished by Cambyses sonne of Cyrus the Persian who quite extinguished that Egyptian Gouernment and much eclipsed their superstitious solemnities For Cambyses proclaimed defiance not to the persons onely of the Egyptians but to their Gods also yea hee set their sacred Beasts in the fore-front of his battell that being thus shielded by their owne deuotion hee might easily ruinate the Kingdome Such a disaduantage is Superstition to her followers being indeed but a life-lesse carkasse of true Religion which alway breedeth true Fortitude as Ptolomey and the Romanes vsed the like stratageme against the Iewes on their Sabbath which in it selfe a diuine Commandement they construed to a superstitious Rest a Sacrifice without Mercie wherein they might helpe their beasts but suffer themselues like beasts to be ledde to the slaughter Cambyses hauing pulled downe their Temples in Egypt intended as much to the Oracle of Iupiter Ammon in which exploit hee imployed fiftie thousand men which as the Ammonians report were ouer-whelmed with a tempest of Sand Other newes of them was neuer heard Himselfe meane-while meanely prouided of victuall for such an enterprise made an Expedition against the Ethiopians in which Famine making her selfe Purueyour for the Armie fedde them with the flesh of each other euery tenth man being allotted to this bloodie seruice Thus with a double discomfiture altogether discomforted hee retireth to Memphis where hee found them obseruing their festiuall solemnitie of the New-found Apis and interpreting this ioy to haue proceeded from his losse hee slew the Magistrate whipped the Priests commanded to kill the Citizens that were found feasting and wounded their Apis with his sword vnto death Hee practised no lesse hostilitie vpon their Obeliskes Sepulchres and Temples The Sepulchers they esteemed Sacred as their eternall Habitations and no greater securitie could any Egyptian giue vnto his Creditor then the dead bodies of their Parents The Temples euery where accounted holy heere were many and those magnificent At Memphis they had the Temples of Serapis Apis Venus and the most ancient of them all of Vulcan with the Pigmey-Image of Vulcan in it which Cambyses derided of Serapis at Canopus where Pilgrimes by dreames receiued Oracles at Heraclium Sai and Butis to Latona at Mendes to Pan at Momemphis to Venus a Necropolis Nicopolis and other places to other supposed Deities Cambyses also burned the Images of the Cabyrians and the Temple of Anubis at Heliopilis whose stately building and spacious circuit Strabo describeth as likewise at Thebes They write that after as hee was taking Horse his sword falling out of the Scabberd wounded him in the thigh where hee before had wounded Apis and slew him In the time while the Persians enioyed Egypt the Athenians by instigation of Inarus King of Libya inuaded Egypt wonne Nilus and Memphis but after sixe yeeres lost all againe Ochas one of his Successours called of the Aegyptians Asse killed their Apis and placed an Asse in his roome which kindled such indignation in Bagoas an Egyptian one of his Eunuches that hee murthered Ochus whom hee hurled to bee rent and torne of Cats that this Beast sacred to Isis might reuenge the indignitie offred to Apis. But this Eclipse of the Egyptian superstition caused by this Persian imposition had an end together with that Monarchie For Alexander did not only leaue them to their wonted Rites himselfe sacrificing to their Apis and solemnizing Games in his honor but added further glory to their Countrey by erection of that famous Citie named of himselfe Alexandria wheras some thinke the Citie No had before stood destroyed by Nabuchodonoser second in reputation to Rome the receptacle of Iewish Grecian and Egyptian Religions adorned with many Temples and Palaces his Successours Ptolomaeus Lagi of whom the following Kings were all called Ptolomaei and Lagidae Philadelphus Euergetes Philopator Epiphanes Philomator Euergetes the second Physcon Lathurus Auletes the Father of Cleopatra whom Iulius Caesar made Queene of Aegypt the price of her honestie and Anthonie his wife whom together with her selfe her ambition ouerthrew adding to the greatnesse of Alexandria Platoes Phylosophie was not onely first borrowed of the Egyptians but was publikely read at Alexandria as well as at Athens which continued many ages Sixe hundred yeeres after his death Ammonius surnamed of his former occupation being a Porter Saccus seemed to haue lighted on the bookes of Hermes and thence learned the Doctrine of the Trinitie of whom his Disciples Plotinus and Aurelius write and after them their Schollers Porphyrie and Theodorus Asinaeus and their Auditors Iamblichus and Syrianus to this last succeeded at Athens Proclus Lycius and after him the last of the greatest Platonikes Damascius which haue written many things of the three beginnings The same Ammonius with like Philosophicall happinesse are said to haue found the Oracles of Zoroaster which the two Iulians the Father and the Sonne Chaldaeans translated out of their tongue into Greeke in the time of M. Aurelius the Philosopher Pythagoras had before learned it of Zabratus in Assiria which it seemeth Plato heard of the younger Architas and dispersed closely the seedes thereof in his Bookes so that the elder Interpreters conceiued him not till the time of this Ammonius the Porter from whom heere as from Socrates a Statuarie in Athens flowed this Diuine wisedome Hee taught at Alexandria in the dayes of Clemens Alexandrinus about two hundred yeeres after Christ Origen was his hearer Iamblichus comprehended these Oracles of Zoroaster in thirtie Bookes or thereabouts for Damascius citeth the
stone their streets orderly placed The people are of great stature and haue their faces armes and legges razed and pounced Here were many Lakes of salt-water which at a certaine time of the yeere waxeth hard and becommeth very good salt The Caciques kindly entertayned them with victuals and other presents especially hides and Chamois skins very well dressed as well as those of Flanders And passing many dayes Iourney further Northwards they came where the Houses were foure stories high well built and in most of them Stoues for the Winter season The men and women weare Shooes and Boots with good soles of Neats Leather a thing not elsewhere to be seene in the Indies In this Prouince they found many Idols which they worshipped and particularly they had in euery House an Oratory for the Deuill whereinto they ordinarily carry him meate and as the Papists erect Crosses vpon high wayes so haue this people certaine high Chappels very well trimmed and painted in which they say the Deuill vseth to take his ease and to recreate himselfe as hee trauelleth from one Towne to another In the Prouince of Tiguas there were sixteene Townes in one of which the Friers aforesaid were slaine Sixe leagues from thence was the Prouince Los Quires which worship Idols as their Neighbours they saw there certaine Canopies wherein were painted the Sunne Moone and many Stars It is in 37. degrees and an halfe Hence they passed keeping still their Northerly course and found a Prouince called Cuuames where were fiue Townes one of which was Chia which contained eight Market places the houses were playstered and painted with diuers colours they presented them curious Mantles and shewed them rich Metals Beyond this they came to the Ameies and fifteene leagues thence to Acoma which is situate vpon a Rocke and hath no other entrance but by a Ladder or paire of staires hewne in the same Rocke all their water was kept in Cisternes They passed hence to Zuny which the Spaniards call Cibola and there found three Spaniards left by Vasquez forty yeeres before which had almost forgotten their owne Language Westward from hence they came to Mohotze where were exceeding rich Mynes of Siluer as likewise in some of the other These parts seeme to incline toward Virginia Martin Perez a Iesuite writeth of these Inland parts from Cinaloa 1591. that the flies about the Mountaine Tepesuan in 23. degrees are so troublesome as no beast can abide there the Cimmechi are warlike Indians Some Spaniards kept there which heard Masse scarsly once in a yeere The Prouince of Cinaloa is watered with eight Riuers The soyle fertile and ayre wholsome extending three hundred miles Northwards and within two dayes Iourney of new Mexico The people weare many Earings in fifty holes which they make for that purpose so that they are forced to sleepe with their faces vpwards The women are clothed beneath the waste aboue naked Both they and the men weare long haire tied vp on knots with Corals and shels therein They are a handfull higher then the Spaniards valiant vse poysoned Arrowes peaceable at home terrible in warre they haue many Languages Some of them haue familiaritie and commit abominable sinnes with the Deuill They vse Polygamy and thinke it not vnseemely to vse the Mother Sister Daughter as furthering domesticke peace Thus respect they affinity but of Consanguitie are very Religious They correct not their children Their Marriages are solemnized after consent of Parents on both sides with dances the consummation is stayed till fit age of the parties to whom they then leaue a House and houshold They obserue a custome to make Gentlemen or Knights giuing a Bow and then setting him to fight with a Lion or wild beast the death of which is the life of their Gentilitie When one adopteth another a stake is thrust into his throat causing him to vomit all in his belly and as it were his former birth together They are great Gamesters their play like that of Dice in which they carry themselues very patiently without swearing or wording and yet will lose the clothes from their backes and goe home naked If any be dangerously sicke a Graue is digged and stands open in which they bury him presently being dead or else burne him together with his House and stuffe and there couer the ashes sprinkling the Sepulchre with certaine dust whereof they make a drinke and eate and drinke themselues drunke Ludouicus Tribaldus Toletus in his Letter to Master Hakluyt 1605. writeth of one Iohn Onnate who in the yeere 1599. trauelled fiue hundred leagues from the Old to New Mexico He sent his Nephew to Acoma a Towne strongly fortified by Nature to trucke with them whom they deceitfully slue with his six companions Onnate in reuenge takes and kils the Indians and fires their dwellings forced a great City to sweare obedience to the King of Spaine and another Citie also greater then the former They built a Towne named Saint Iohns found Mynes of Gold and Siluer hunted the heards of Cibola In the yeere 1602. he made another Expedition to the Lake of Conibas on the banke whereof was a Citie seuen leagues long and two in breadth the houses built scattering with Hils and pleasant Gardens betweene The Inhabitants all had fortified themselues in the Market place which was very large the Spaniards departed without assault Neere California were found large Hauens before vnknowne and the Spaniards determined to build Forts Now that wee haue heard of the In-land Discoueries by the Spaniards and that Noua Albion of Sir Francis Drake let vs take some view of the Spanish Nauigation on these Coasts §. III. The Discoueries of VLLOA and ALARCHON on the Coasts of the South Sea COrtes the Conquerour of Mexico sent Francis de Vlloa with a Fleet for Discouerie in the yeere 1539. from Acapulco which came to Santa Cruz in California They sayled ouer the Gulfe and came to the Riuer of Saint Peter and Saint Paul where they beheld on both sides a goodly Country I am loth to hold on with them in their Voyage lest I saile from my scope and leaue the offended Reader behind me Here they found in their course burning Mountaynes which cast vp fire ashes and smoke in great quantitie They encountred with a cruell storme and being almost out of hope they saw as it were a Candle vpon the shrowdes of the Trinitie one of their ships which the Mariners said was Saint Elmo and saluted it with their Songs and Prayers This is the darknesse of Popery to worship a naturall light yea that which hath little more then beeing and is an imperfect Meteor is with them more perfect then Humane and must participate in Diuine worship Without the Gulfe of California they found store of great fish which suffered themselues to be taken by hand also they saw weedes floating on the Sea fifty leagues together round and full of gourds vnder them were store of fish on them store of
Law taken for all the Scripture 159. The Mahumetan Law and the followers thereof 254 Lawrence Iland vide Madagascar Lawrence Riuer 799 Lecanomancy a kind of Diuination 369 Leigh viz. Captaine Leigh his Plantation in Guiana 901 902 seq Legend of Brandon 15. Francis 127. 197 Legends of Mahomet 242. 243 Lent of the Iewes 197. 198. Of Mahumetans 263. 310. Vide Ramadam Lent of the Moores 275. Of the Mexicans 880. 881. Of the Tunians 669. 670 Leo viz. Iohn Leo an African Writer Embassadour from the King of Fez De eo multa mentio per 6. Lib. tot Leonides Exploit 343 Lepanto Sea-fight 694 Leprosies cured 64 Lequio certaine Ilands so called rich in Gold 578 Lerius his Obseruations of Brasil 906. 907 Leshari or Hashari 276 Letters when inuented 30. Iewish and Phoenician 82. The Authors and Inuentors of Letters ibidem Hieroglyphicall Letters ibid. Samaritan and Hebrew 138 Letters supposed by the simple Indians to speake 484 Letters carried by Pidgeons 580 Leui and Leuits 97. 98. 121. 122 Their Cities 104 Leuiathan the huge Whale mentioned in Scripture Iewish tales thereof 210 Lewis King of Hungary slaine 268 Libanus a Hill 91 Library of Iewes 166. Of Mahumetans 250. 274. At Pergamus 335. In Iapon 597. 598 In Cairo 652. 653. In the Hill Amara 744. 745 Lybia described 706. 707. seq Lignum Aloes where growing 489 570 Lilis or Lilith 178. 179. 180 Light in the Creation what 7. 10 Excellency thereof 8. Funerall Lights of the Iewes 206. 207 Of Turkes 289. 290 Light of Mahumet 244 Light of the Moone and Snow serues the Northerne people in Winter 603 Lights burning in Mahumetan Temples in one two thousand in another eight hundred 248. In that of Damascus 9000. 75. 76 Lights in the Turkish Temples 306. 307. In the Temple of Fez 684. 685 Lilith or Lilis of the Iewes 178 179 Lion his awe of man 36. The nature of Lions at large 621. 622 Lions deuoured the Samaritans 138 Lions of America 804. Lions or lye one which had been Amasis 584 Lithuania Sir Ierome Horseyes entertaintment there 990 Liuonia inuaded 974 Liuquin Ilands 602 Loanda Iland described 769. 770 Loango and their Rites of Sacrificing 770. Their Exequies Kinne forbidden meates restitutions tryals 770. 771. Their Executions vpon water-tryals Chekoke Dunda 771. Their Idols and Votaries ibid. Loretto Lady 272 Lots Feast of Lots 114. 199 Diuination by Lots 467. 468 Louse killing when vnlawfull 542 Lousay-Bay 817 Lubar mountayne 35 Lucayae Ilands 954. 955 Lucian his Narration of Dea Syria 67. 68 Lud Father of the Lydians 37 Luna and her hornie head 74 Luxury of the Persians 377 Lydia and Lydians 335. 339 M MAabad first Chalifa of Aegypt 1037 Macao or Amacao 472 Macabees History 72. 73. Acts 111. Why so called 141 Macae shauen 667 Machamut King of Cambaya his Venemous Constitution 537 Machlydes their Rites 667 Madagascar or Saint Lawrence Iland a description of the place people rites 799. 780 Madai Father of the Medes 35 349 Madera Ilands 783 Mad men admired as Saints 316 317 Madnesse by eating a Fruite 316 Madura Iland how situate 610 611. A fertile Iland of Rice ibid. Magog Father of the Scythians 37 Magi of the Chaldees 55. The Magi of Media 351. The Persian Magi 369. 370. 371 372 Magicke commended by Plato 370 Magicke Naturall Artificiall and Diabolical 369. 370. Other kinds of Magicke ibid. Magicke ascribed to the Aegyptians 645 Magicians of Brasill 915. 916 King Magnus his marriage 976. His Widow seduced 987 Magellan his Voyage and Death 924 Magellan Straits 923 Magnesia the situation thereof 335 Magnice Riuer 774 Mahomet the Saracenicall beginnings and proceeding vnder him 232. 233. seq His Birth Life and History 241. 242. seq His Miracles 243. His Iourney to Heauen and Hell 245. 246. His Priuiledge 246 His Buriall ibid. His Sepulcher ibid. 272. His Assumption 247 his dwelling house Date trees and Mosquita 248. his Successours 274. seq The foure Doctors of his Law Authors of foure Sects 274. 275. 250. 259 Words of Mahumetan Profession 251. seq 259. seq Mahomets madnesse 316. his Warres the Successours of Mahomet and their Sects 274 seq Mahomet Nephew of Hall expected to come againe 392. 393 Mahomet Sultan of Persia 283 386. Of Turkey the Great wanne Constantinople 283. 284. Sonne of Amurath 287 288 Mahomet the third the Story of him 287. 288 Mahomet Bassa of Cairo 652 653 Mahomet Codabanda 386. 387 388. The Mahumets when they entred Aegypt 657. Of the Mahumetan Religion in Africa 704. 705 Mahammed Abulcasim first Emperour of the Muslims 1013. his Birth Genealogie Education and vocation ibid. his beginnings and doctrine 1014. his Battels 1014. 1015. his two wiues ibid. his third wife 1015. his flight to Medina 1014. he is wounded in Battell 1015. Truce betwixt him and the Coraisites and the conditions thereof 1015 his Inauguration and Pulpit 1015. his Pilgrimage to Mecca 1016. his Secretaries and Officers of State ibid. his courtesie to Christians ibid. his age and death ibid. Malacca Kingdome and the Inhabitants thereof 493. 494. Their customes and the Story of the Malayos ibid. Malabar the Regions and Religions thereof 549. Eighteene Sects in Malabar 553. 554. Sonnes there inherit not but Sisters Sonnes ibid. Maldiuae Ilands 579 Malepur or the Citie of S. Thomas 560 Malta how situate 788. seq described 789. 790 Mamalukes of Aegypt 657. 658 seq Their admirable Feates and Actiuitie ibid. Mammons misery 207 Manati a kind of Fish 568 Mandingae a perfidious and Idolatrous Nation 711 Manetho his Epistle and fragments of his Chronicle 661 Mangas an Indian Fruit 567. Three kinds thereof ibid. Manna where found 570 Man diuersly considered and why created 13. 14 his first excellencie ibid. how said to bee the Image of God 13. his Diet before the Floud 15. his Fall 21. his degeneration into a Beast Plant Deuill 23. Man but the carkasse of man ibid. his fourefold estate 26. A little World ibid. Sonnes of men 29. Daughters of men ill interpreted 26. 27. Men called the Sonnes of God 33. Mans Pride humbled by the basest creatures Mans Retrograde and Vanitie 569 Man worshipped sacrificed 944 945 Men with tayles 603 Man-eaters or Canibals 914. 945 Manichees their hereticall opinion of two beings and beginnings 24 Mangu Can his history and acts 406. 407 Mangi or China vide China Manfor King of Marocco 690 691 Maraquites 910 Margarita the description thereof 950. 951 Margiana 35 Marmayde seene 626 Saint Martha how situate 895 Mary the Virgin Popish deifying of her 213 Marocco City and Kingdome 690 seq Building and description of it 691. seq Wonne by the Seriffe ibid. Great Plague Famine and Warres thero 692 Wonne by the Saint 692. 693 694. By another ibidem The map of Marocco 694. Warres in Marocco 697. 698 Marriage Rites of the Iewes 201 202. seq Of the Turkes 298. 299. Of Tartars 417. 422 Of Persians 377. In Pegu where
848 Saualets many Voyages Sciequian Sect 463 Sclauonian Tongue the large extent thereof 973 Scribes not a Sect but a Function 132. The Historie of them 132. 133. Two sorts of them 132 Scriptures sense how diuerse 14 The mysticall is miste-all and missecall 16. Opinions concerning the Scripture 169. First penned by Moses 175. Digested by Ezra 87. Numbers of the Bookes Chapters Verses Who first Authour of Chapters 159 The Trent Decree of Translations 168. Iewes respect to the Scripture 168. 169 Seyles King of the Scythians his misfortunes 398 Scythia a great part of the World contayned vnder the name 396 Why so called ibid. The people religion language and manner of life 396 397. Their Temples Diuination Funerals c. 397. 398 Their cruelty and hatred of Forreigne Rites ibidem Particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites 398. 399. seq Scythes a Monster 396 Scythilmus 45 Sea the Creation thereof 10. Diuision thereof 575. Commodities thereof ibid. The Red Sea 84 582. 583. seq 775. seq A large Discourse of the Sea and many Obseruations thereof 571. 572. seq The forme greatnesse depth ibid. The profit motion and saltnesse 573. 574 The Sea Original of Fountaines 574. Varieties of Seas 575. 576 The Persians and Mogol haue no power by Sea 293 Seales a kind of Fishes 435 Seba Peopler and people of Arabia 37. 225. The Region of Seba 143 Sebua Sebuaeans 139. Sebuaeans a Sect of Samaritans ibid. Sebaste in Samaria 105 Seboraei whence so called 165 Sebyrians 432 Secsina in Barbary 700 Sects in Golchonda 995 Seed of the woman and the Serpent 27 Master Selden his deserued commendation 70. 150 Seilan or Zeilan 616. seq The riches and rarities thereof ibid. Their Temples Images Monasteries Processions 617. Their workmanship and iugling 618 Whither Seilan bee Taprobane ibid. Selim the great Turke 283. sequitur Selim the second 285. 286. Selim the great Mogol now reignning his greatnesse and conditions 519. 520 Selfe-penance vide Punishments Selfe-murther 633 Selebes they abound with Gold 578 eat mans flesh 608. Ilands neere ibid. Seleucia 63. Turned into Bagdet 50. Built by Seleucas 63. With eight other of that name 73 Seleucus worshipped 70. His historie 73 Seleuccian Family of Turkes 279 280. 281 Semiramis her Pillar 45. Her Babylon Buildings 48. 49. Not the Founder thereof ibid. Her Sepulchre 45. The first that made Eunuchs 61. Abuse of her Husbands 66. Supposed the Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Her Image there 69. In Media 350. Her inuading India 381 Senaga Riuer 714 Senacherib ouerthrowne by Mice 62. Slaine by his owne Sonnes 66 Sentence in the Court of the Iewes how giuen 98 Sentida a feeling herbe 563 Sensim an Order of Tartarian Priests who obserue great strictnesse 418 Separatists a Sect of Moores 273 Sepulchres vide Funerals Serpents eaten in America 33. Diuers kinds of Serpents in India 565. Death to kill a Serpent ibid. The King of Calicuts opinion of Serpents 565. 566. Huge Serpents in Africa 623. 624 Seuerall kinds of Serpents there ibid. Serpent vsed to tempt Eue 21. 22 His curse 23. Seed of the Serpent 27. 28 Serpent Images in Belus Temple 47 Serpent honoured by the Phaenicians 77. By the Ophitae 135 Worshipped by the Arabians 221 By the Indians 565. By the Aegyptians 637. 638. By the Adeans 652. A Serpent the Armes of the King of China 451. Tame Serpents 623 Serpents in Brasill 912. 913 Seres their Habitaion and Rites 400 Serug Author of Idolatry 45. 95 Sesostris 227 Seth his Natiuitie and Posteritie 29. 30. Artes ascribed to him 31 Sethiani a Sect of the Iewes worshippers of Seth 135 Sem Sonne of Noah 36. His Posteritie 37. The same with Melchisedec 45 Serapis his Temple and Rites 650 651 Seriffo of Barbary his History 695 696 Seuerus his seueritie 71 Seuerity Elders 99 Seuenty Weekes of Daniel 98 Sharke a Fish 953. 954 Shaugh Tamas the Story of him and of the Persian troubles after his death 585. 586 Shem and his Posteritie 37 Shemer 136. A Citie so called ibid. Sherly viz. Sir Anthony Sherley his Trauels 388. 389 Sheshack and Shacke 58 Shomron Mountaine 136 Siam Silon or Sion a Citie and Kingdome in India 490. Their Houses Inundations Monkes and Superstitions ibidem Their Gods and Religious Men 491. sequitur Their Feastes Temples Deuotions 492. The Kings greatnesse ibidem Besieged 493. Acts of the Blacke and White Kings ibidem Fury of the Iapanders there ibidem They weare Balls in their yards 496 Sibils counterfeit 35. 38 Sichem 137. Called Flauia Caesarea and Naples 143. The Sichemites Religion ibid. Sicke persons how vsed amongst the Iewes 206 Sidon the building thereof 78 Sidonians first Authors of Weights and Measures 82 Sidon first inhabited the Sea-coast 86 Siluer the nature thereof and of the Mines 797 Sinai 225. Mount Sinai how situate ibid. Sincopura Straits 579 Sinda described 532. 533 Sinne the definition and distinction thereof 24. Whence Originall Sinne and how ibidem Whither by Generation 25 Sinnes combination in our first Parents 22. The fearefull state of Sinners 28. Seuen mortall sinnes reckoned by the Turkes 301 Sinne-offering of the Iewes 116 The nature of actuall sinne 25 What accounted sinnes by the Tartars 415. 416 Sion 94 Sithuchrus the same with Noah 47. His Chaldaean Legend ibid. Sitting a signe of reuerence standing of dignitie 420 Skuls in the Temple of Mexico how many 873. In Nicaragua 888 Skuls of Parents made drinking cups 951. A Turret built of stone and Skuls 951 Slaues of Angola 766 Sleds vsed by the Samoeds drawne with Deere 432. Their swiftnesse ibid. Sleds drawn with dogs 744 Snakes vide Serpents Snake-wood where growing 570 Socatera or Socotoro 778. The description thereof 779 Socota an Idoll in Virginia 839 Sodome and Sodomites 85. Historie of Sodome 83. 84. sequitur The Sodomie of Turkes 229 230. Of Persians 371 Of Tartars 419. Of Chinois 440 Sogor a Village neere Sodome 84 Sofala 756. Supposed Ophir ibid. Soldania 761. Their cheape sale of beasts beastly habit and diet colour c. 762. 763. 764 Solyman a name of diuers Turkes 280. 284 Solyman the Magnificent his acts 284. 285 Solmissus how situate 339 Sommers Ilands 960. 961 Sophia chiefe Temple in Constantinople turned into a Meschit 306. 307 Sophi of the Turkes 321 Sorceries of the Tartars 416 Soule 13. It s immortalitie 126 The Iewes Opinion of three soules and one Sabbatary 127 Dogzijn their Opinion of the soule 220 South-sea sayled by Viloa and Alarchon 922 South Continent how great 832 By whom discouered 831 Spaniards how detested in the Philippinas 604. 605. 606. In Cuba 954. Indian conceits of them and their Horses 962 Their cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie 962. 963. sequitur Spaine infested by the Danes 1045 Spelman viz. Sir Henry Spelman his deserued commendation 116 Spirit very God 3. Our sanctifier 4. His manner of working 6. 7. Mouing on the waters 6