curious Person would take pains to search old Deeds and Records which Deed I received from Sir Simon Dewes transcribed out of a Manuscript in Arundel-House in London belonging anciently to the Barons of Stafford wherein the old Charts belonging to the Bassets of Drayton-Basset in Staffordshire were Enrolled about Richard the Second's time Ibid. fol. 67. a. Ranulfus Comes Cestriae Willielmo Constabulario Roberto Dapifero omnibus Baronibus suis Hominibus Francis Anglicis totius Angliae Salutem Sciatis me dedisse concessisse Gevae Ridell Filiae Comitis Hughes Draitunam cum Pertinentiis in libero Conjugio Sicuti Comes Hughes et in libero conjugio dedit concessit Et teneat bene in pace honorifice libere ut melius liberius tenuit tempore Hugonis Comitis aliorum meorum Antecessorum eisdem consuetudinibus libertatibus Testibus Gilberto Filio Ricardi Adelizâ sorore meâ Willielmo Blundo Alexandro de Tresgor Rogero de Bello Campo Willielmo de Sais Roberto de Sais Ricardo Filio Aluredi Hugone Filio Osberti Henrico de Chalder Apud Saintonam Wherein Geva is called Daughter of Earl Hugh Lupus as Amice in that other Deed is termed Daughter of Earl Hugh Cyveliok Now that Geva was a Bastard is very plain out of Ordericus a Man that lived in that very Age He tells us lib. 10. pag. 787. speaking of Hugh Lupus his Death Ricardus pulcherrimus puer quem solùm ex Ermentrude Filia Hugonis de Claro-monte genuit c. Richard a brave Youth whom onely Hugh Lupus begot on Ermentrude Daughter of Hugh de Claremonte c. Nor can this be restrained to the onely Son for then it must have been otherwise expressed And if Hugh Lupus had any other Son or Daughter by Ermentrude then cannot Richard be said onely to be begotten on her by Earl Hugh and so Geva was a Bastard or else Ordericus lyes Also the same Author tells us lib. 4. pag. 522. that Hugh Lupus had also many base Sons and Daughters by several Strumpets who were almost all swept away by sundry Misfortunes and very probably if Hugh Lupus had any more legitimate Children by his Wife besides Earl Richard either Son or Daughter Ordericus would have Recorded them as well as he hath put down others in like nature being indeed his usual method through the whole course of his History And had Geva been legitimate then her Issue ought rather to have succeeded into the Earldom of Chester than Randle de Meschines after the Death of Richard Earl of Chester forasmuch as the Sister and her Heirs ought to Inherit before the Aunt and her Heirs And howbeit many Earldoms have Descended to the Heirs Males and not to the Heirs general yet in this Case were no Heirs Male but two Females an Aunt legitimate who had it and a Sister not legitimate And shew me a Precedent whereever the Heirs of an Aunt Inherited before the Heirs of a Sister both legally born and no Heirs Male left unless in case of Forfeiture by Treason or some other great Cause to hinder the same Secondly add to these the words of Glanvill Chief Justice of England who lived under Hen. II. in that very Age with Amice lib. 7. cap. 1. Quilibet liber Homo quandam partem terrae suae cum Filiâ suâ vel cum aliquâ aliâ quâlibet muliere dare potest in maritagium sive habuerit haeredem sive non velit haeres vel non imo eo contradicente And if a Man might give Land then in Free Marriage with any Woman whatsoever then he might give it to his Bastard and then the Law is now changed for now it must be of the Donors Blood and a Bastard is now said not to be of the Donors Blood quasi nullius filius And it seems to me that in those elder Ages Bastards were reputed of the Blood by the frequent Appellation of them by the Names of Uncle Brother Daughter Son and Cosin Besides our Laws were then imperfect dark and obscure in most things till Bracton under King Henry the Third compiled the Body of our Laws and brought them into a Method And now I have done concerning this chief Reason whereupon those worthy Judges grounded their Opinions and we daily see Opinions of Lawyers follow the putting of the Case which many times upon mature deliberation and hearing of the Case well argued may then be of another Opinion Now follow the Arguments of lesser moment which I perswade my self were no Grounds for the Judges aforesaid II The disparity of the Years between Hugh Cyveliok and Bertred his Wife may suppose he had a former Wife for Bertred was but 26 Years old at the Death of Earl Hugh 1181 as appears by the Inquisition taken 30 Hen. 2. 1183. after the Death of Hugh Cyveliok and Hugh was Earl of Chester 28 Years which was one or two Years before Bertred was horn besides what Years were run up of his Age before his Father Randle died which may be supposed to be a competent term of Years and then it is probable he had a former Wife and that he stayed not unmarried so long as till Bertred was fit for Marriage Answ Now let us examine the Matter a little it will give us some light Robert Earl of Glocester Married Mabill Daughter and Heir of Robert Fitz-Haimon Anno Domini 1110. So Stowe in his Chronicle See also Seldin's Tit. Hon. pag. 647. By her he had Issue four Sons and two Daughters Maude the younger Daughter Married Randle de Gernoniis Earl of Chester Father to Hugh Cyveliok Vincent upon Brook pag. 216. Now suppose we Maude to be the fourth Child probably she was not born till about the Year 1117. or thereabout and that about the Year 1139. she was Married to Earl Randle whereby Robert Earl of Glocester strengthned his Party for Maude the Empress At that time she cannot well be supposed to be above 22 Years old if she were so much Now Earl Randle died 1153. So that Hugh Cyveliok could not possibly be above twelve Years old at his Father's Death he might be much less but suppose we in a middle way that he was six Years old at his Father's Death which is more than can be well affirmed then could not Earl Hugh be above seven or eight Years older than Bertred his Wife and what great matter is this I my self was eight years older than my Wife when I was Married but it is much more probable that he never had any other Wife because he had many Bastard Sons and Daughters whose heat of Youth might by a very timely Marriage have been possibly prevented or at least asswaged in some measure III. Bertred the Wife of Hugh Cyveliok was a Witness to the Deed in Frank-Marriage with Amice and Amice had a Daughter called Bertred after the Name of the Countess ergo probably Amice was no Bastard Answ Truly
not that he ever used the Title of Earl of Chester II. A Catalogue of all such Princes of England as have been created Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester and used these Titles 1. EDward of Caernarven fourth Son of King Edward the First born at Caernarven in Wales the twenly fifth of April 1284. was Summoned to the Parliament Anno 1303. 32 Edw. 1. being now the King 's eldest Son living by the Name of Edward Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester Our most dear Son Selden's Tit. Hon. pag. 594. and was afterwards King of England by the Name of King Edward the Second 2. Edward of Windsor eldest Son of King Edward the Second born at Windsor Castle 13 die Novembris 1312. 6 Edw. 2. had onely the Title of Earl of Chester and Flint in his Summons to the Parliament 1322. 15 Edw. 2. being then scarce ten years old Cambden's Britannia Edita 1607. pag. 118. He was also Duke of Aquitain and Earl of Pontive created 19 Edw. 2. 1325. Selden's Tit. Hon. pag. 599. and Stowe and was after he had deposed his Father King of England by the Name of King Edward the Third Crowned February 1. 1326. 3. Edward of Woodstock commonly called The Black Prince eldest Son of King Edward the Third born 15 Junii 1330. 4 Edw. 3. was made Earl of Chester 7 Edw. 3. I find him stiled Edwardus illustris Regis Angliae Filius Comes Cestriae in a Writ at Chester Dated 13 die Aprilis 9 Edw. 3. 1335. R. num 18. He was created Duke of Cornwall by Patent Dated 17 die Martii 11 Edw. 3. 1336. Habendum sibi haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filiis Primogenitis Per ipsum Regem totum Consilium in Parliamento Selden's Tit. Hon. pag. 752. And he was the first Duke in England as that Title was now made a distinct Dignity and by this Creation not onely the first-born Son of the Kings of England but the eldest living are always Dukes of Cornwall neither needed any new Creation of this Title although sometimes we find it joyned with the Creation of the Title of Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester Selden's Tit. Hon. qag 754. He was also created Prince of Wales by Patent Dated 12 die Maii 17 Edw. 3. 1343. Habendum sibi haeredibus suis Regibus Angliae in perpetuùm Per ipsum Regem Selden's Tit. Hon. pag. 595. And since this time the Title of Earl of Chester hath been usually joyned with that of Prince of Wales in the Patent Selden ibidem pag. 598. So that now the Black Prince was Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester In the 40. of Edward the Third his Stile was Princeps Aquitaniae Walliae Dux Cornubiae Comes Cestriae Lib. C. fol. 181. w. He died June 8. 1376. 50 Ed. 3. in the Life-time of his Father 4. Richard of Burdeaux Son and Heir to the Black Prince was created Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester by his Grandfather King Edward the Third in Festo Sancti Michaelis 1376. 50 Edw. 3. Stowe But Walsingham names onely the Title of Earl of Chester in Parliament 1376. pag. 190. Others say he was after created Prince of Wales at Haveringe 20 Novembris 50 Edw. 3. Powel on the Welsh History pag. 385. He had a special Charter for Duke of Cornwall Anno 50 Edw. 3. Cooks Reports lib. 8. fol. 30. for he was not eldest Son of the King his Father dying before he enjoyed the Crown This Richard was afterwards King of England by the Name of King Richard the Second And in Anno 1397. he erected the Earldom of Chester into a Principality and ordained that no Grant should be made thereof to any Person but to the King 's eldest Son onely if it please the King to make him See Stat. 21 Rich. 2. cap. 9. But this Parliament was wholly Repealed 1 Hen. 4. cap. 3. which Henry deposed Richard the Second and made himself King 1399. 5. Henry eldest Son of Henry the Fourth born at Monmouth Anno 1388. was created Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester about October 1 Hen. 4. 1399. in Parliament and not long after was created Duke of Aquitain in the same Parliament Stowe and was afterwards King of England by the Name of King Henry the Fifth F. num 99. 6. Edward onely Child of King Henry the Sixth born at Westminster 13 Octobris 1452. 31 Hen. 6. Fabian pag. 456. He was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in Parliament March 15. 31 Hen. 6. 1452. and was murthered at the Battel of Teuksbery May 4. 1471. 11 Edw. 4. See Vincent upon Brook pag. 143 He was also Duke of Cornwall by Descent King Henry the Sixth was never created Prince of Wales nor Earl of Chester he was King whiles he was but an Infant of eight Months old 7. Edward eldest Son of King Edward the Fourth born at Westminster November 4. 1470. 10 Edw. 4. was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester July 26. 1471. 11 Edw. 4. Vincent upon Brook pag. 115. and in Anno 19 Edw. 4. He was made Earl of Pembroke and March He was also Duke of Cornwall and so Entituled and was afterwards King Edward the Fifth but was most barbarously murthered in the Tower by the procurement of his Uncle Richard Duke of Glocester Anno 1483. who usurped the Crown to himself 8. Edward the onely Child of King Richard the Third created Earl of Salisbury 1477. 17 Edw. 4. was also created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester by his Father August 24. 1483. 1 Rich. 3. being then about ten years old and died about March 1484. in the Life-time of his Father 9. Arthur eldest Son of King Henry the Seventh created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester November 30. in 1489. 5 Hen. 7. and died without Issue at Ludlow in April 1502. 17 Hen. 7. about the Age of sixteen Years in the Life-time of his Father He was also Duke of Cornwall by Birth 10. Henry Duke of York second Son of King Henry the Seventh after the Death of his Brother Arthur was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester February 18. 1502. 18 Hen. 7. at the Age of eleven Years and was afterwards King of England by the Name of King Henry the Eighth 11. Henry Stewart eldest Son of James King of Great Britain was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in Parliament June 4. 1610. 8 Jacobi and died November 6. 1612. 10 Jacobi without Issue in the Life-time of King James his Father He was also Duke of Cornwall by Birth 12. Charles Stewart second Son of King James born at Dunferling in Scotland Nov. 19 1600. was Duke of Albany in Scotland and was also created Duke of York in England by his Father at Whitehall in London January 6. 1604. and after the Death of his Brother Prince Henry he was Duke of Cornwall for the Case of the Dutchy of
his Deputies over his Legions in Brettaine that they make as many new Ships as they can that Winter and repair the old ones Lib. 5. de Bello Gallico in ipso initio Now these were Consuls of Rome Anno Urbis Conditae 700 saith Montanus But Helvicus placeth their Consulship Anno Urbis Romae Conditae 699 Annóque Mundi 3896 antè Christum Natum quoà d Vulgarem Computationem 54. The next Summer Caesar returned again into Brettaine Mandubratius King of the Trinobants Son of Imanuentius with their chief Town now called London submitted to the Romans Caesar demanded forty Pledges and Corn for his Army which were forthwith sent him by the Trinobants After which Example many others submitted also Caesar assaulted the Town of Cassibelaun now called St. Albons and takes it The Brettans not enduring the Storm long ran away out of the Town at another part thereof and many of them were taken and slain as they fled But the last great Battel between the Brettans and the Romans was a little before when the Romans were busied in fortifying of their Tents and Holds the Brettans entring forth of the Woods where they used to sculk fell upon them and sharply assaulted the Romans and that day was slain Q. Laberius Durus Tribunus militum And the day following the Brettans shewing themselves on Hills not far from the Roman Tents provoked the Romans to Battel but at Noon when Caesar had sent three Legions and all his Horse with Caius Trebonius his Lieutenant to bait suddenly the Brettans fell upon them on all sides as they baited but the Romans killed a great number of them so as the Brettans could not get together nor stand together nor had liberty of leaping out of their Chariots a Ex Essedis to fight And upon this Flight their Auxilliaries which were met on every side went away Neither after this time did the Brettans ever encounter the Romans with their chief Forces Lib. 5. de Bello Gallico pag. 160. deinceps ad pag. 165. And after the taking of St. Albons as is before-mentioned Cassibelaun by means of Comius the Atrebatian sends Embassadors to Caesar concerning his submitting to the Romans Caesar demands Pledges and appoints what Tribute should be paid yearly to the People of Rome from Brettaine and chargeth Cassibelaun that he do no harm to Mandubratius nor to the Trinobants And so having received Pledges Caesar carries back his Army to the Sea and departed out of Brettaine Caesar de Bello Gallico lib. 5. pag. 164. of the Edition Printed at Leyden with Montanus Notes 1651. Nor do I read that Caesar came again into Brettaine ever after Divus Julius Caesar cùm Exercitu Britanniam ingressus Quanquà m Prosperâ Pugnâ terruerit incolas ac littore potitus sit potest videri Britanniam ostendisse Posteris non tradidisse Cornelius Tacitus de Vita Agricolae cap. 13. And by and by Civil Wars growing and several Princes rebelling against the Roman State Brettaine remained in Peace as forgotten by the Romans Schidius upon Suetonius Tranquillus Printed 1656. pag. 36. until the time of the Emperour Claudius Propraetores ceu Legati Romanorum in Brettania 1. AUlus Plautius Lieutenant of Brettaine under the Consuls of Rome An. Chr. nati 43. was in the time of Claudius the Emperor sent with Forces into Brettaine and soon after came Claudius himself into Brettaine and took Maldon in Essex the Palace of Cunobelin Plautius overcame Caratacus and after Togodunus in Battel two Sons of Cunobelin after their Father's death Cambden's Britannia pag. 30. Brettaine being attempted by none before since Julius Caesar So that before the time of Claudius Brettaine was not perfectly subdued Vespatian the Father before he was Emperour was sent by Claudius Legate of a Legion into Germany and thence translated into Brettaine where he had thirty Conflicts or Skirmishes with the Brettans and subdued two strong Nations and had above twenty Towns and the Isle of Wight surrendred to him partly by the Conduct of Aulus Plautius Consularis Legati and partly by the Conduct of Claudius himself Suetonius with Schildius Comment pag. 734. 2. Publius Ostorius Scapula Propraetor Lieutenant of Brettaine subdued the Commotions of the Iceni Cangi Brigantes Silures and Ordovices Also he took Caractacus King of the Silures Prisoner with his Wife and Children Some Cities were given to Cogidunus by an ancient Custom of the Romans that they might have even Kings Instruments of Servitude Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 14. Annalium lib. 12. cap. 33. 3. A. Didius Gallus Propraetor on the death of Ostorius was made Lieutenant of Brettaine Tacitus lib. 12. Annalium cap. 39. 4. Verannius Successor to Didius died in Brettaine within a Year Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 14. 5. Paulinus Suetonius Propraetor He took the Isle of Anglesey in Wales Isaac son's Chronology Cornelius Tacitus lib. 14. Annalium cap. 29. Prasutagus King of the Iceni dying made Nero his Heir but the Romans spoil'd the Iceni and did beat Boadicia Widow of Prasutagus and deflowred both her and her Daughter Tacitus ibidem cap. 31. biennio res Prosperas habuit Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 14. 6. Petronius Turpilianus succeeded Suetonius Tacitus lib. 14. Annal. cap. 39. in the time of Nero the Emperor The words of Tacitus are Detentúsque rebus gerundis Suetonius tradere Exercitum Petronio Turpiliano qui jam Consulatu abîerat jubetur Now Suetonius was Consul Anno Christi 66. Et Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 16. Petronius Turpilianus Compositis Prioribus nihil ultrà ausus Trebellio Maximo Provinciam tradidit 7. Trebellius Maximus Lieutenant of Brettaine in the time of Nero Tacitus ut suprà 8. Vectius Bolanus Lieutenant in the time of Vitellius Stow's Annals 9. Petilius Cerialis sub Vespatiano Imperatore possessed a great part of the Province of the Brigantes in Brettaine aut Victoriâ aut Bello Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 17. also Isaacson in his Chronology 10. Julius Frontinus in the time of Vespatian subdued the valiant Nation of the Silures in Brettaine by force of Arms Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 17. also Isaacson 11. Julius Agricola in the time of Titus Vespasian and Domitian He perfecteth the Conquest of North-Wales and Anglesey Anno Christi 78. Isaacson's Chronology Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 18. deinceps The Brettans making Head under Galgacus King of the Caledonians in Brettaine saith Cambden's Britannia pag. 702. were defeated by Agricola and lost ten thousand Men Anno Christi 86. Isaacson's Chronology also Tacitus de Vitâ Agricolae cap. 27. deinceps cap. 37 38. and is rewarded by Domitian who gave him the Province of Syria Tacitus ibidem cap. 40. ⚜ Sub Anno Christi 88. Brettaine was reduced into a Province at the Emperour Domitian's sole dispose and not at the Senators as other Provinces were Isaacson's Chronology 12. Salustius Lucullus sent Lieutenant into Brettaine and in Anno Christi 92.
pag. 280. But Walsingham pag. 129. saith Anno 1328 Hoc anno Robertus Bruis Rex Scotiae leprâ percussus obiit 7 Idus Junii not Julii The Scots then chose Thomas Randulf Earl of Murray Protector of David Bruse Son of Robert a Child about eight Years old Randulf died 1331 13 Calendas Augusti and Duncan Earl of Marre was then chosen Protector of Scotland 30. Edward Balioll Son of John Balioll King entred Scotland with an Army and was so prosperous that he was Crowned at Scone 8 Calendas Septembris 1332. Buchanan pag. 285. But Walsingham saith he was Crowned 5 Calendas Octobris that is the 27. of September 31. David Bruse Son of King Robert Bruse called David II. He was restored to his Father's Throne by the Power of the Scots He Married Jane Sister to King Edward the Third at Barwick 18 Julii 1329. She died in England 1357. and he died at Edenborough 7 Maii 1370. anno aetatis 47 annoque Regni propè 39 leaving no Issue Buchanan For he was Crowned 1330 23 Novembris So that this was a tumultuous Age in Scotland Ann. Dom. 1370. 32. Robert II. of the Family of the Stewarts King of Scotland by Descent from the eldest Sister of David Bruse He Married Euphemia Daughter of Hugh Earl of Rosse and by her had Issue Walter Earl of Athol and David Comes Ierniae which David had onely one Daughter Married to Patrick Gramus Buchanan pag. 353. also Euphemia a Daughter Married to James Duglas Euphemia the Queen died 1373. Buchanan pag. 307. Soon after he Married Elizabeth Moor Daughter of Sir Adam Moor his old Concubine of whom he had formerly begot three Sons and two Daughters and had placed her to be kept with with one Giffard a Nobleman of Lothaine whom he Married to make those Children legitimate John the eldest he made Earl of Carrict Robert he made Earl of Mentith and Fife and Alexander he made Earl of Buqhan who had a Bastard called also Alexander Earl of Marre Cambden's Britannia pag. 713. This Robert II. died Anno 1390. about the thirteenth of the Calends of May aged 74 Years and having Reigned 19 Years and 24 Days Buchanan lib. 9. pag. 323. Note Of the original of the Family of Stewart in Scotland there is a Fable mentioned by Dr. Heylin in his Cosmography pag. 336 which you may read there at large The sum of the truth if yet it be a Truth is this In the days of Malcolme Cammoir King of Scotland about Anno 1090 one Walter Son of Fleanch Son of Bancho was sent by the King against the Gallowidians in Scotland who slew their Commander and so quelled the Rebellion The King upon his Return for his good Service made him Stewart of Scotland an Office of Collecting all the King's Revenues In former Times such were called Thanes And the Thanes of Countreys in many Places are now called Stewarts the English Speech overspreading that Countrey Et qui illis erat ab Thanus nunc Stuartus Scotiae nominatur And from this Walter the Family of the Stewarts took their Name and Original who have for a long time flourished in Scotland Thus Buchanan Rerum Scoticarum lib. 7. pag. 212. But Powel on the Welsh History pag. 97. tells us That the said Fleanch a Nobleman of Scotland fled for safety to Griffith ap Lhewellyn Prince of Wales where he fell in Love with Griffith's Daughter whose Name I find to be Nest and got her with Child whereupon Griffith caused Fleanch to be killed At last she was Delivered of a Son called Walter who went into Scotland and at last became Stewart of Scotland as is above rehearsed 33. Robert III. Son of Robert II. whose right Name was John but changed into Robert after his coming to the Crown He was Crowned the Ides of August 1390. Buchanan lib. 10. pag. 324. sub initio He Married Annabill Daughter of Sir John Drommond of Stobhall Knight and had Issue two Sons David and James David died in Falkland famished saith Buchanan by his perfidious Uncle Robert Earl of Fife and Governor of Scotland Anno 1401. This David had before betrothed Elizabeth Daughter of George Earl of Narne Pag. 326. Robert III. was buried the first of April 1406. annoque Regni 16. Buchanan lib. 10. pag. 333. He died for grief that James his young Son was taken and kept Prisoner by the King of England At a Parliament at Perth Anno Dom. 1399. this King Robert created his Son David then aged 18 Years Duke of Rothsay and Robert Earl of Fife was made Duke of Albany These were the first Dukes of Scotland 34. James I. Son of Robert III. was taken upon the Seas going for France and brought to the King of England a little before his Father's death where he was kept Prisoner 18 Years and then set free in February 1423. and Crowned in Scotland the 21 of April following He Married Jane Daughter of John Beaufort Earl of Somerset in England 1423. Stow and had two Sons Twins Alezander and James Alexander died young and James succeeded King born the fourteenth of October 1430. Buchanan pag. 347. also six Daughters Margaret one Daughter Contracted to Lewis Son of Charles the Seventh King of France 1425. Buchanan pag. 342. James the First died in the beginning of the Year 1437. aged 44 Years and Reigned 13 Years Buchanan pag. 361. 35. James II. Son of James the First scarce seven Years old Crowned King at Edenborough in Caenobio Sanctae Crucis about the sixth of the Calends of April 1437. Buchanan pag. 362. Alexander Leviston made Protector and William Crihton Lord Chancellor He Married Mary Daughter of Arnold Duke of Gelderland Anno 1448. Hollinshed calleth her Margaret pag. 248. and had Issue by her three Sons and two Daughters James the eldest Alexander the second Son Duke of Albany Married the Earl of Orkney's Daughter and got on her Alexander Bishop of Murray and then parting with her went into France and Married the Countess of Boloigne by whom he had Sir John Steward Duke of Albany Governor of Scotland many Years in the Minority of James the Fifth The third Son was John Stewart Earl of Marre Mary the elder Daughter Married the Lord Boyd and after to James Lord Hamilton Buchanan pag. 420. So was the Blood Royal mingled with the Family of Hamilton The younger Daughter Married the Lord Crihton Hollinshed pag. 248. James the Second was slain at the Siege of Roxborough Castle 1460. Anno aetatis 29 Regni 23. Buchanan lib. 11. ad finem pag. 399. 36. James III. Son of James the Second Married Margaret Daughter of Christiern King of Denmark Anno 1470. Buchanan lib. 12. pag. 420. of whom he begat a Son called James born in March Anno 1473. Christern King of Denmark released unto this James all his Right to the Isles of Orcades in favour of his Daughter James the Third was slain by his own rebellious Subjects in Battel Anno Christi 1488. Regni
28. aetatis 35. Buchanan lib. 12. the last words pag. 440. 37. James IV. Son of James the Third Married Margaret Daughter of Henry the Seventh King of England Anno 1501. Buchanan pag. 454. But Stow saith she was Betrothed 1502. and Married at Edenborough the eighth of August Anno 1503. and had Issue James Arthur Alexander and a Daughter which last three died all young Speed's Hist pag. 763. James the Fourth was slain at the Battel of Floden-Field fought between the English and the Scotch on the ninth of September 1513. Anno Regni 25. aetatis 40. in the flower of his Youth Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey being then General of the English Forces Queen Margaret afterwards Married Archibald Duglas Earl of Angus Anno 1514. unto whom she bore Margaret a Daughter afterwards Married to Matthew Stewart Earl of Lennox In this King's Reign about Anno 1490. was born in Scotland a Man-child from the Navel downward and two Men upward he lived 28 Years and learned Musick and Languages he had two distinct Wills one part oftentimes falling out with the other Buchanan Hist Scot. lib. 13. pag. 444. 38. James V. Son of James the Fourth Married Mary Daughter of the Duke of Guise and Dutchess of Longevil then Widow to the Duke of Longevil Married at St. Andrews in July 1538. by whom he had Issue two Sons who died Infants and Mary a Daughter sole Heir to the Crown of Scotland He had a former Wife named Magdalene Daughter to the King of France but she had no Issue for she was Married on New-years-day 1536. and died the seventh of July 1537. James the Fifth died the thirteenth of December 1542. aged 33 Years and in the thirtieth of his Reign He had a base Son called James commonly styled Prior of St. Andrews who was first made Earl of Marre and after of Murray Cambden's Annals of Eliz. in Latine pag. 112. 39. Mary Queen of Scots Daughter and sole Heir of James the Fifth was but eight days old when her Father died James Hamilton Earl of Arran being made Protector She was desired in Marriage for Edward the Sixth King of England but the Faction of Lennox supported by the French King prevailed so that the Queen Mother sent her at six Years of Age to the French King and to the Duke of Guise for Breeding In the end she was Married to Francis the Dolphin of France whose Nuptials were celebrated at Paris with great Pomp the 28. of April Anno 1558. Godwin's Annals But the Dolphin died Anno 1560. not fully 18 Years old leaving no Issue by her Cambden's Annals Afterwards Queen Mary Married Henry Stewart Lord Darley Son of Matthew Stewart Earl of Lennox in Anno 1565. and by him had Issue her onely Son born in June 1566. called James But this Henry Lord Darley about a Month or two after the Christening of the young Prince of Scotland was Strangled in his Bed in the dead time of the Night and thrown out into an Orchard the House being blown up with Gunpowder Anno 1566. in the one and twentieth Year of his Age. The common Report was that this detestable Fact was caused by Morton and Murray So Cambden in his Annals Afterwards the Queen Married the Earl Bothwel now made Duke of Orkney Anno 1567. whereunto the Lords implored the Queen The Scots rebell Bothwel and the Queen were worsted Bothwel flies and the Queen is taken Prisoner Queen Mary is forced to resign her Crown to her young Son scarce 13 Months old Anno 1567. The Earl of Murray is made Regent the twentieth of August The Queen escapes out of Prison and flies into England and after 18 Years Imprisonment in England she is accused of High-Treason against Queen Elizabeth for conspiring her Death and inviting foreign Forces to Invade England of which she was Arraigned Convicted and Sentenced to die and afterwards Beheaded at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire on Wednesday the eighth of February Anno 1586. aged 46 Years or rather in the 45. Year of her Age. Sanderson in the Life of Queen Mary Bothwel wandring up and down at last came to Naples where he lived and died very poor about the Year 1624. 40. James VI. Son of Henry Stewart Lord Darley and Queen Mary was Crowned King of Scotland quarto Calendas Augusti 1567. Buchanan pag. 669. and Cambden's Annals He Married Anne Daughter of Frederick the Second King of Denmark Anno 1589. by whom he had Issue Prince Henry born at Sterling in Scotland the nineteenth of February 1593. who died at St. Jame's House in London the sixth of November 1612. Charles the second Son born at Dunferne in Scotland the nineteenth of November Anno 1600. he was King of Great Britain after his Father The Lady Elizabeth born the sixteenth of August 1596. She Married Frederick Prince Elector Palatine of Germany in February 1612. afterwards King of Bohemia 1619. and also two other Daughters by Queen Anne born in England the Lady Mary and the Lady Sophia but these both died young This James the Sixth upon the death of Queen Elizabeth was Proclaimed the next undoubted Heir to the Crown of England in London March 24. being Thursday which was the last Day of the Year 1602. according to the Computation of the Church of England as lineally Descended from Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry the Seventh King of England so that in the thirty sixth Year of his Reign over Scotland and the thirty seventh of his Age he was now Proclaimed King of Great Britain and Ireland Thus were the Crowns of England and Scotland united in this King James whose continual Jars had spilt formerly an infinite deal of Blood both of the Scotch and English ⚜ He was the first Monarch of all Great Britain and first used the Title of King of Great Britain and Ireland in all Instruments of State and Writings which his Successors have ever since retained sometimes in Records mentioning them in particular thus King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. Two great Deliverances had this King by the assistance of the King of Kings One from the treasonable Conspiracy of Earl Gowry before he was King of England the principal Actors were John Ruthen Earl of Gowry in Scotland and Alexander Ruthen his Brother Andrew Henderson and John Cranston Plotted in revenge of the Death of William Ruthen Earl Gowry Father of the said John which William for his Rebellion at Dundee suffered deservedly at Sterling Anno 1584. The manner of the Conspiracy was thus John Earl Gowry sends Alexander his Brother from his House at St. Johnstons in Scotland August the fourth Anno 1600. to the King then at Falkland to entice the King thither as privately as might be he tells the King there was a Man taken with much Gold Coin and suspicious Letters now at his Brothers House at St. Johnstons desiring the King to come thither to Examine the Man with all speed and privacy The King promiseth
of Elflede his Countess Ethelred and his Countess restored Caerleon that is Legecestria now called Chester Anno Chr. 908. after it was destroyed by the Danes and enclosed it with new Walls and made it nigh such two as it was before so that the Castle that was sometime by the Water without the Walls is now in the Town within the Walls So Trevisa in his Translation of Polychronicon lib. 6. cap. 4. whereunto agreeth Florentius and Matthew of Westminster But Hoveden placeth it in Anno 905. Which Town of Chester remained in possession of the Britons or Welshmen till it was taken by Egbert the Saxon Monarch of England about the Year 824. Trevisa lib. 5. cap. 28. Ann. Chr. 910. Also he and his Countess translated the Bones of St. Oswald King and Martyr from Bardeny to Glocester where they built an Abbey in honour of St. Peter Polychronicon The Danes breaking their Truce with King Edward and this Ethelred wasted Mercia and were beaten by the English at Totenhale in Staffordshire and afterwards at Wodenesfield within a Mile of Wolverhampton in Staffordshire was a great Battel Fought on the fifth day of August in the same Year wherein the Danes were routed and three of their Kings slain Healfdene Eywysle and Igwar Stow. Ethelwerd in Chronico suo lib. 4. cap. 4. and Trevisa fol. 287. Ethelred Eximiae vir Probitatis Dux Patricius Dominus Subregulus Merciorum decessit Anno 912. So Florentius whose Death is placed by Hoveden sub Anno 908. He had onely one Daughter called Elfwine or Algiva at whose Birth Elflede her Mother was so much astonished with the pain that ever after she refrained the Embraces of her Husband for almost 40 Years saith Matth. Westminst pag 359. protesting often That it was not fit for a King's Daughter to be given to a Pleasure that brought so much pain along with it and thereupon grew an heroick Virago like the ancient Amazons as if she had changed her Sex as well as her Mind Ingulphus pag. 871. Malmesbury pag. 46. This Lady Elflede is variously written by our ancient Historians as Edelfled Ethelfled Egelfled and Elflede and from the time of her Husbands Death she Governed all Mercia excellently except London and Oxford which King Edward her Brother retained to himself She built a Fort at Sceargete and another at Bridge upon Severn which I conceive is now called Bridgenorth She repaired Tamworth nigh Lichfield and built a Fort at Stafford She built the Town of Eadsbury in the Forrest of Cheshire whereof now nothing remains but that we now call The Chamber of the Forrest And the same Year she built Warwick She built also Ciricbyrig now called Monkes-Kirkby in Warwickshire saith Dugdale in his Warwickshire pag. 50. a. and another called Weadbirig and a third called Runcovan but now called Runcorne in Cheshire This was long since demolished Polychronicon Florentius She took Brecannemere or Brecknock and carried away the Queen of Wales and 33 of her Men Prisoners into Mercia She took the Town of Darby from the Danes and the whole Province thereof In Storming of which Town she lost four of her chiefest Officers antè Calendas Augusti Elfled died at Tamworth the twelfth day of June Anno 919. and was buried in St. Peter's Church at Glocester Florentius Westminster Polychronicon and Huntington But Hoveden placeth her Death sub Anno 915. And so Ethelwerd lib. 4. cap. 4. So much do Writers vary for the time In the same Year wherein she died King Edward built a Fort or Town at Thelwall in Cheshire and Garrison'd it and also made another Garrison at Manchester which was then in the outmost Border of the Kingdom of Northumberland this way and took Mercia from his Neece Elfwin into his own Hands Florentius Polychronicon I cannot here pass by Henry Huntington's contradiction of himself Lib. quinto Histor pag. 353. where he tells us That Edred Dux Merciae died Anno 8 Edwardi Regis Angliae which falls Anno Christi 908. And in the same Page a little after he says That Ethered Dux Merciae Father of Edelfled died in the eighteenth Year of King Edward's Reign which must needs be a mistake unless there were two Ethereds Governors of Mercia successively and two Elfledes Mother and Daughter of which I find no mention in other Authors The Countess Elflede was a prudent Woman and of a manly Spirit She much assisted King Edward her Brother as well by Councel as by her Actions She was beloved of her Friends and feared by her Enemies Of whom Huntington hath these Verses lib. 5. Hist pag. 354. O Elfleda Potens O terror Virgo Virorum Victrix Naturae nomine digna Viri Tu quo Splendidior fieres Natura Puellam Te probitas fecit nomen habere viri Te mutare decet sed solùm nomina Sexûs Tu Regina Potens Réxque Trophaea parans Jam nèc Caesarei tantum meruêre Triumphi Caesare Splendidior Virgo Virago Vale. II. Alfere is the next Governor of Mercia He is also stiled Dux Merciae He is Witness to a Charter of King Edgar's made to the Abbey of Croyland Anno 966. Ingulphus pag. 882. 888. Anno 975. he destroyed many Abbeys turning out the Abbots with their Monks and bringing in Clergy-men with their Wives Hoveden pag. 427. Florentius pag. 361. Anno 983. Alfere Dux Merciorum and Cosin to King Edgar died and Alfric his Son succeeded in that Government Florentius pag. 363. And if we may believe Malmesbury pag. 61. he was eaten to death with Lice Ann. Dom. 983. III. Alfric Son of Alfere succeeded his Father and was Dux Merciae by Succession Anno 983. Huntington calls him Consul Alfricus Earl Alfric lib. 5. Hist pag. 357. For Dux and Consul in these Ages were Synonima He was banished England Anno 986. Florentius and not long after was received again into favor contrary to the Rule of State-Policy for Quem semel gravitèr laeseris non facilè tibi fidelem credideris Never think that Man will be faithful to you whom you have before greatly injured and distasted Wherefore Anno 992. this Alfric being made Chief Governor of the Forces which King Ethelred had collected and preparing a great Navy against the Danes gave private Intelligence to the Enemy and the Night before the Navy was to Engage he privily conveyed himself to the Danish Fleet and fled away with the Enemy But the English Ships pursuing slew many of the Danes and took the Ship wherein Alfric was he himself by flight scarcely escaping Florentius pag. 365 366. Anno 993. King Ethelred commanded that the Eyes of Algar Son of Alfric should be put out which was effected Florentius Howbeit Huntington saith pag. 358. that Algar's Eyes were caused to be pluck'd out by one Edwyn which may stand with the other as employed by the King to see it done Anno 1003. this Traytor Alfric feigned himself sick when he should have fought with the Danes Anno 1016. Alfricus
molendinum de Fareslei Praetereà concedo eis in Duntona Manerio meo quatuor Virgatas terrae unam Virgatam ex dono Osberti Capellani mei cùm omnibus quae ad eas pertinent in eâdem Villâ unum Molendinum quod dicitur Le Corre Et volo concedo ut praedicti Monachi teneant haec omnia benè in pace liberè quietè ab omni Servitio Seculari ad me vel ad Haeredes meos pertinente Et habeant omnes consuetudines libertates suas in nemore plano pratis Pascuis ità quòd nullus eis nequè pro Pannagio nequè pro aliquâ occasione molestiam vel injuriam faciat Hanc quoquè Donationem feci concessione Haeredum meorum scilicèt Gaufridi Ridelli Radulfi Basset Hujus Concessionis sunt Testes Radulfus Decanus de Blabi Gaufridus Decanus de Butneswella Gubertus Canonicus de Legercestria c. This Deed was made about the Year 1120. or soon after And though she here writes her self Uxor Gaufridi Ridel yet truly was her Husband then lately drowned Ordericus pag. 870. with many others of the Nobility Neither could she have made a Deed legally without her Husband had he been alive And because of the Civility of those Ages she was stiled onely Daughter of Earl Hugh not Base Daughter whence some suppose her a Legitimate Daughter But if she had been Legitimate then must her Issue have inherited the Earldom of Chester and not Earl Randle for as much as a Sister is inheritable before an Aunt Besides Ordericus tells us in express Words That Earl Hugh had no other Child by Ermentrude but onely Richard nor doth it appear by any Record or Ancient Historian that he ever had any other Wife besides Ermentrude But Ordericus saith E Pellicibus plurimam sobolem utriusque Sexûs genuit quae diversis infortuniis absorpta penè tota periit pag. 522. But these before-named are so many of them as I haue hitherto collected or met withal As for the usual Custom in ancient Times of omitting that infamous Title of Bastard Robert Earl of Glocester Base Son of Henry the First is termed onely Brother of Maud the Empress by Hoveden pag. 553. Also in a Charter made by Maud the Empress her self he is stiled Brother not Bastard-Brother Selden Tit. Hon. pag. 649. Reginald Earl of Cornwal another Bastard of Hen. 1. is called Uncle to Henry the Second not Base Uncle by Hoveden pag. 536. Infinite other such Examples we meet with The Death of Hugh Lupus THis Hugh Earl of Chester died the 27 day of July Anno Christi 1101. Obiit 1101 in the first Year of the Reign of King Henry I. almost expired So Ordericus Vitalis p. 787. Anno 1101. Intereà Hugo Comes Cestriae in lectum decidit post diuturnum languorem Monachatum in Caenobio quod idem Cestrae construxerat suscepit atquè pòst triduum sexto Calendas Augusti obiit Polychronicon thus Anno 1102. Hugo Comes Cestrensis Nepos Regis Willielmi Conquestoris ex parte Sororis obiit But for the most part the Year is very uncertainly put down in the Margent and many times omitted by him He was Earl of Chester one and thirty Years This Hugh had Whitby in Yorkshire given him by the Conqueror and he gave the same to William de Percy who Founded an Abbey there Monasticon vol. 1. pag. 172. Earl Hugh gave also to the Prior of Whitby the Church of St. Peters of Whitby and also the Church of Flemesburgh Monasticon vol. 1. pag. 73. This Earl also Founded the Abbey of St. Severus in the Bishoprick of Constance in Normandy Monasticon vol. 2. pag. 950. He gave also to the Abbey of Bek in Normandy the Mannor of Atherstone in England in Warwickshire Ibid. vol. 2. pag. 954. Robert de Beaumont Earl of Mellent in France and this Hugh Earl of Chester were the principal Supporters of Henry the First in advancing him to the Crown of England Ordericus pag. 783. CHAP. II. Of Richard Earl of Chester G. Crusilly Or a Wolfs Head erased Ar. He was but seven years old when his Father died saith the Monk of Chester in his Polychronicon lib. 7. cap. 13. with whom agrees Knighton the Monk of Leycester pag. 2376. And I find in an old Leiger Book of the Monastery of Abbington a Manuscript in Cotton's Library at Westminster in London noted Claudius c. 9. fol. 147. of the whole Book but lib. 2. fol. 45. of that particular part De Historiâ Ecclesiae Abbendonensis speaking of this Richard's Grant of Wudmundsley to the said Abbey and Church of Abbington Ipse Comes benefactum extulit suo descripto roboravit quod descriptum Sigillo quidem matris Signari constitit nondùm enim militari Baltheo cinctus materno Sigillo literae quaelibet ab eo directae includebantur hâc de re quod eò annotatur Comitissae potiùs quà m Comitis Sigillo Signatur Cujus Forma haec fuit Ricardus Cestrensis Comes Ermentrudis Comitissa mater ejus Nigello de Oilli Rogero filio Radulfi omnibus Baronibus de Oxenford Scirâ Salutem Amicitiam Sciatis quià pro amore Dei animâ Patris mei remissione nostrorum Peccatorum Concedimus hidam illam quam Droco de Andeleiâ dedit Ecclesiae Abbendonensi quae est in loco qui dicitur Wudemundeslai Nos eidem Ecclesiae Concedimus auctorizamus perpetuò habendam solidam quietam ab omni nostro servitio Et Rogerus filius Radulfi Successores ejus sint quieti in nostro servitio quantum ad illam hidam pertinet Et defendimus ùt nullo modo Rogerus vel alius per eum inquietet habitantes in terrâ illâ Hoc autèm fecimus testimonio nostrorum Baronum scilicèt Willielmi filii Nigelli Hugonis filii Normanni Ricardi Balaste Willielmi filii Auskitilli Ricardi filii Nigelli Domini Goisfridi Capellani aliorum Hoc actum est in sexto Anno Regni Henrici Regis in mense Maii 6 Hen. 1. 1106. in die Pentecostes This was in May Anno Christi 1106. Earl Richard being then about twelve years old By the words nondùm militari Baltheo cinctus I suppose the Monk meaneth that the Earl was a Child and under the Tuition of his Mother and for that reason used her Seal to this Charter and also to other his Letters Of which opinion likewise is Selden in his Titles of Honor pag. 786. The Law saith he being such that whosoever was Knighted though before the Age of one and twenty he was esteemed as of full Age in regard of any Wardship or other Tuition and the Use being that such Great Lords were often Knighted before they were of full Age. Now this Earl as yet not having received that Honour of Knighthood but being under Age used the Seal of his Guardian to make the Act more authentick and valid and that he was but a Child when his
Isle of Mann He died 1556. III. William Clyve Doctor of both Laws IV. Roger Walker Master of Arts. Note V. John Piers Doctor of Divinity made Bishop of Rochester 1576. thence translated to Salisbury 1578. thence to York 1588. He was sometime Dean of Christchurch in Oxford Twine But quaere whether ever Dean of Chester whereof I doubt VI. Richard Longworth Doctor of Divinity VII Robert Dorsell Doctor of Divinity living 1580. 22 Elizabethae VIII Thomas Modesley Batchelor of Divinity IX John Nuttall Batchelor of Divinity was first Prebend then Sub-Dean of Chester and afterwards was Enstalled Dean of Chester 1589. 31 Elizabethae He continued Dean about 13 years He was also Parson of Sefton in Lancashire and of Bebington in Cheshire a Man of great Wealth Queen Elizabeth tearmed him A Golden Ass He died suddenly as he was at Supper at Sefton Anno Domini 1603. where he was buried X. William Barlow Doctor of Divinity and Prebend of Westminster was made Dean of Chester 1 Jacobi 1603. He was made Bishop of Rochester 1605. and thence translated to Lincoln 1508 and died about 1612. XI Doctor Parry was Enstalled Dean of Chester 1 die Augusti 1605. XII Thomas Mallory Batchelor of Divinity younger Son of Sir William Mallory of Studeley in Yorkshire Archdeacon of Richmond and Parson of Mobberley and Davenham in Cheshire was Enstalled Dean of Chester Anno Domini 1606. He continued Dean about 38 years and Married Elizabeth Daughter of Richard Vaughan Bishop of Chester and had many Children He died at the Dean's House in Chester 3 Aprilis 1644. and was buried in the Quire of the Cathedral Church at Chester He was Educated in Cambridge XIII Doctor William Nicols Parson of Chedell in Cheshire succeeded Dean of Chester 1644. He was of a good Family in the County of Middlesex and Married Katharine the Widow of William Tatton of Witthenshaw Esquire and second Daughter of Sir George Leycester of Toft in Cheshire Knight He died without Issue at Etchells Anno Christi 1658. and was buried at Norden Church in Cheshire He was Educated in Trinity Colledge in Cambridge XIV Doctor Henry Bridgeman younger Son of John Bridgeman late Bishop of Chester was sometime of Brasen-Nose Colledge in Oxford and made Dean of Chester Anno 1660. He hath beautified and repaired the Dean's House in the Abbey Court at Chester very much and is also Parson of Bangor in Flintshire and of Barrow in Cheshire He hath onely one Child called Elizabeth Married to Captain Thomas Greenough of Lancashire who was Sheriff of Lancashire Anno 1668. This Henry Bridgeman was made Bishop of the Isle of Mann Anno Domini 1671. consecrated at Chester 1 die Octobris eodem anno CHAP. IV. A Catalogue of the Chamberlains of Chester PHilippus Camerarius in the time of Randle sirnamed Gernouns Earl of Chester Spilem ' Camerarius in the time of the same Randle Vide suprà pag. 128. Bertramus de Verdon Chamberlain in the time of Hugh Cyveliok and also in the time of Randle Blundevill This Bertram was Sheriff 31 33 Hen. 2. 1187. He lived in the Reigns of Henry the Second Richard the First and King John 46 H. 3. 1262. Ricardus Orreby Camerarius 56 H. 3. 1261. Willielmus Bruchull Camerarius Ille fuit Decanus Ecclesiae Sancti Johannis Cestriae Lib. H. fol. 117. e. John Boooth of Twamlow's Book Quae sequuntur ex Recordis scilicèt inter Recognitiones Scaccarii Cestriae apud Cestriam propriâ manu collecta sunt 5 Ed. 1. 1277. Hugh Bruchull 6 Ed. 1. 1278. Stephanus Chesnut 8 Edw. 1. 9 10 11 E. 1. William Burstow◠1281. 12 E. 1. 1284. Robert Hemington 29 E. 1. 1300. Willelmus Molton 3 Edw. 2. William Stonehall 3 Ed. 2. 1309. Paganus Tybotot 9 Ed. 2. 1315. Walter Fulborne 15 E. 2. 1321. Ricardus de Sancto Edmundo 18 19. Ed. 2. 1324. Willielmus Essington Justiciarius 20 E. 2. 1326. John Paynell etià m 1 Edw. 3. 2 Ed. 3. 1328. Thomas Blaston 3 Ed. 3. 1329. John Stonehall Parson of Plemston 4 Ed. 3. 1330. Simon Ruggeley 5 Ed. 3. 1331. John Paynell 6 7 8 Ed. 3. Simon Ruggely 1332 1333 1334. Sir John Wendour was Chamberlain when Adam Parker was Sheriff of Cheshire about 9 Ed. 3. 10 E. 3. 1336. B. Paynell 12 E. 3. 1338. John Perye etià m 14 Edw. 3. 15 E. 3. 1341. John Brunham Parson of Eccleston 16 E. 3. 1342. John Perye etià m 17 Edw. 3. 18 E. 3. 1344. William Linford 20 E. 3. 1346. John Brunham Junior He was Chamberlain to the 41 Edw. 3. but how long after I find not precisely 50 E. 3. 1376. John Woodhouse He was Chamberlain to the 17 Rich. 2. 1393. 17 R. 2. 1393. Robert Paris from the 17 Rich. 2. 1393. to the 23 Rich. 2. 1399. about five Years 23 R. 2. 1399. John Trever Bishop of St. Asaph made Chamberlain 23 Rich. 2. He continued to 6 Hen. 4. about five Years 6 H. 4. 1404. Thomas Barnaby Chamberlain 6 Hen. 4. He continued to the 14 Hen. 4. eight Years 14 H. 4. 1412. William Troutback Esquire made Chamberlain of Chester 14 Hen. 4. He continued to the 17 Hen. 6. about twenty six Years 17 H. 6. 1438. John Troutback made Chamberlain in Reversion after his Father's Death by Patent Dated the fifteenth day of August 15 Hen. 6. howbeit he sat not as Chamberlain till 17 Hen. 6. when his Father died which Year he was also Sheriff of Cheshire He continued Chamberlain to the 35 Hen. 6. about eighteen Years 35 H. 6. 1457. Sir Richard Tunstall part of 35 Hen. 6. He continued the remainder of Henry the Sixth's Reign about four Years 1 Ed. 4. 1461. Sir William Stanley of Hooton as I conceive Chamberlain 1 Edw. 4. to the 10. of Hen. 7. about thirty four Years 10 H. 7. 1495. Sir Reginald Bray made Chamberlain the tenth of April 10 Hen. 7. He continued to the 15 Hen. 7. about four Years 15 H. 7. 1499. Sir Richard Pool made Chamberlain of Cheshire quamdiù nobis placuerit 14 Januarii 15 Hen. 7. He had another Patent durante beneplacito Dated 3 Aprilis 19 Hen. 7. Sir Randle Brereton was Vice-chamberlain 19 Hen. 7. 20. Hen. 7. William Tatton also Vice-Chamberlain 20 Hen. 7. Pool was Chamberlain to 21 Hen. 7. about six Years 21 H. 7. 1505. Sir Randle Brereton made Chamberlain 21 Hen. 7. In the same Year before this Patent was another made of the same Office unto Sir John Longford Knight This Sir Randle Brereton of Malpas was one of the Knights of the Body to Henry the Seventh 19 Hen. 7. He continued Chamberlain to 23 Hen. 8. about twenty six Years In the Year 21 Hen. 8. Reciting where before he had given Officium Clerici Scaccarii Cestriae vulgaritèr nuncupatum Officium Baronis Scaccarii Cestriae Comitatus Palatini Cestriae Johanni Tatton Nicolao Farrington c. and that Nicolas Farrington was dead and John Tatton living The King granted the Reversion of the
Magogaei which the Greeks afterwards named Scythians Madai gave name to the Madians whom the Greeks called Medes From Javan the Jonians and Greeks took their Original From Thubal the Theobelians took their Names afterwards called Iberians Meshech gave name to the Meschates since called Cappadocians And Tiras gave name to the Thirians whom the Greeks called Thracians So Ashkenaz gave name to the Ashkenarians after named Rhegii by the Greeks Riphath propagated the Riphataeans afterwards called Paphlagonians Togarmah propagated the Tygranians afterwards by the Greeks called Phrygians Elishah Son of Javan whom Josephus calleth Ebishah gave name to the Ebizaei over whom he ruled afterwards called Aetolians Tharshish propagated the Tharsi which was the ancient name of the Cilicians Chittim obtained the Island Kittim now called Cyprus Dodanim is omitted by Josephus who mentions but three Sons of Javan These Nations were inhabited by the Posterity of Japhet who began to make their aboad from the Mountains of Taurus and Amanus and entred Asia even to Tanais and Europe unto Gades not before inhabited Thus Josepus lib. 1. de Antiquitate Judaeorum cap. 7. Now because it is impossible to trace down exactly the Original of our Nation from these so ancient Beginnings in regard no ancient Histories which have been hitherto preserved have recorded any thing of these more ancient Ages next following and what Histories are now extant of the more ancient Times are all very Fabulous and full of Uncertainties except what is contained in Holy Scripture which principally toucheth the Affairs of the Jews I shall therefore begin from those Times wherein we find more certain Truths recorded by the most Authentick Historians and so trace them downwards to this day OF BRETTAINE CHAP. I. Of the Island and Name of Brettaine which Originally comprehended England Wales and Scotland I. THe Ancient Geographer writeth thus concerning Islands 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cambden's Britannia sub Titulo Hiberniae in ipso initio That is The Indian Taprobane exceeds all Islands in Greatness and Glory next after it Brettaine the third that other British Island Ireland And hence Ptolomy called Ireland Little-Bretaine Lipsius in his Book de Constantiâ lib. 2. cap. 22. who lived Anno Domini 1600. gives the Title of Insularum maxima unto Cuba in America where immediately before speaking of America I conceive he onely meaneth Cuba to be the greatest among the American Isles alitèr errat And the Oriental Navigators ascribe that Title unto Sumatra taken for Ptolomy's Taprobane or to Madagascar called also the Island of Saint Laurence both which are near to the Equinoctial Line So Speed on his Map of Great Brettaine and Ireland This Brettaine commonly called Great Brettaine hath on the East the German Ocean dividing it from Belgium Germany and Denmark On the West Saint Georges Channel dividing it from Ireland On the North the Deucalidonian Ocean And on the South the English Channel dividing it from France The Length from North to South is reckoned 620 Miles the greatest Breadth from East to West in a Right Line no more than 250 of the same Italian Miles but by the Crooks and Bendings of the Sea-coast it extendeth to 320 Miles It is the greatest Island in the World except Java Borneo Sumatra and Madagascar the three first are among the Oriental Islands Madagascar among the African It is situate under the eighth ninth tenth eleventh and twelfth Climates so that the longest day at the Lizard-Point in Cornwal which is the most Southern part of it containeth 16 Hours and a Quarter and at Barwick which is now the Border or Limit between England and Scotland the longest Day is 17 Hours and three Quarters long and one Hour more at Straith-by-head in the North of Scotland where some observe that there is scarce any Night at all in the Summer-Solstice but a dark Twilight Thus Dr. Heylyn in his Cosmography put out by him in Anno Domini 1660. pag. 293. Diodorus Siculus who was Contemporary with Julius Caesar saith Brettaine is the greatest Island in Europe lib. 5. pag. 300. which I think will not be denied And Henry Huntington calleth it Insularum nobilissima lib. 1. Histor sub initio There are also certain lesser Islands dispersed in several Parts of the British Sea adjacent and belonging to Great Brettaine which were called British Isles as 1. The Orcades or Isles of Orkney 2. Schetland 3. The Hebrides 4. The Isle of Man 5. The Isle of Anglesey 6. The Islands of the Severn-Sea 7. The Sorlings or Isles of Silley 8 The Isle of Wight 9. The Isle of Thanat 10. Sunderland 11. Holy-Island The Isles of Orkney Schetland and the Hebrides belonged to the Crown of Scotland the other to the Crown of England But were all united in King James who was the first Monarch of Great-Brettaine being King of Scotland by Descent and next Heir of Blood to the Crown of England after the death of Queen Elizabeth He was proclaimed King of England the twenty fourth day of March which was the last day of the Year 1602 according to the Computation of the Church of England whose Style Imperial ran Jacobus Dei Gratiâ Magnae Britanniae Franciae Hiberniae Rex II. Henry of Huntington saith it was first called Albion and afterwards Brettaine Haec autèm Insularum nobilissima cui quondam nomen Albion fuit posteà verò Britannia lib. 1. Hist sub initio He lived in the Reign of King Stephen Anno Christi 1148 So Pitseus p. 211. And Bede who died Anno Christi 734 according to Malmesbury begins his History of England thus Britannia Oceani Insula cui quondà m Albion nomen fuit Also Dr. Heylyn in his Cosmography p. 295. saith The whole Island of Brettaine was first called Albion and afterwards Brettaine Which name of Brettaine was first found in Athenaeus among the Greek Authors and in Lucretius and Julius Caesar among the Latins and was retained by Strabo Pliny and all other ancient Writers except Ptolomy onely by whom it is called Albion as at first And the name of Brettaine continued till the time of Egbert the first Saxon Monarch who called the Southern part of this Island by the name of England from the Angli who with the Juits and Saxons had conquered the same But contrarily Sir John Prise of the race of the Bretans in his Book de Defensione Historiae Britannicae Printed at London 1573. p. 55. saith Ego sanè Britanniam priùs dictam esse quam Albion facilè crediderim And the reason whereupon he grounds his Opinion is the Authority of Caesar who in his Commentaries always calleth it Britain but never Albion and that from this more Noble Island all the rest of the lesser Isles adjacent as appurtenant unto this were also called Insulae Britannicae which out of Pliny Ptolomy and other Authors is manifest And then began this Brettaine to be called Albion in distinction from the rest And he addeth the Authority of Pliny who lived about
leaped Andragathius with his Men and forthwith slew Gratian. Cambden's Britannia pag. 57. But Maximus by his own Soldiers was taken and brought to Theodosius then Emperor of the Eastern Provinces who put him to death after he had worn the Purple Robes five Years Anno scilicèt 388. And Andragathius whose Condition was now desperate cast himself out of the Ship into the Sea And Victor the Son of Maximus was overcome in France by Valentinian and there taken and slain But those Brettans whom Maximus carried out of Brettaine forcibly invaded Armorica in France as some Writers deliver and there planted themselves Cambd. pag. 58. 44. Theodosius upon the Victory over Maximus restoreth to Valentinian II. Son of Valentinian the Emperor what Maximus took from him And Theodosius and Honorius his Son enter Rome in Triumph 45. Valentinian II. is strangled at Vienna by Arbogastes a great Courtier who not daring to Usurp himself sets up Eugenius a base Fellow who of a School-master became an Officer to the Emperor 46. Theodosius Emperor of the East defeateth Eugenius and Theodosius dies of a Dropsie at Millaine Anno 395. and Arcadius his eldest Son succeeds Emperor of the East and his Son Honorius succeeds Emperor of the West 47. Honorius Son of Theodosius a Child of ten Years of age succeeds Emperor of the West whose Tuition is commended to the care of Flavius Stilico who defended Brettaine now called England from the Invasions of the Picts Scots and Saxons Cambden's Britannia pag. 58. and Claudian the Poet lib. 2. de Laudibus Stiliconis etià m in Panegyri de quarto Consulatu Honorii Anno 398. The Roman Power now declining and the Brettans finding a necessity of some General or Commander to defend them from their Barbarous Neighbours fall to chusing of Emperors or Kings 48. Marcus is elected Emperor or Chief Ruler of Brettaine about 405. who was afterwards killed An. Chr. nati 407. 49. Gratianus Municeps was elected Emperor or Chief Governor of Brettaine whom after four Months they reject and take away his Life Anno 407. Bede de Hist Ang. cap. 11. Cambden's Britannia pag. 59. 50. Constantine a mean ordinary Soldier after the death of Gratian is chosen Emperor or Chief Governor of Brettaine by the Army for his Names sake hoping he would Rule happily as Constantine the Great had done Isaacson's Chronology and Cambden pag. 59. Bede de Hist Ang. cap. 11. Honorius associates Constantine the Usurper in the Empire Anno 409. Isaacson Gerontius Constantine's General creates Maximus one of his Servants Emperor at Arragon and killeth Constans Son of Constantine at Vienna where he intercepted him and Besieged Constantine himself at Arelate Constantius one sent by Honorius defeats Gerontius who cowardly running away the Soldiers beset his House and reduced him to such a strait that first he killeth his faithful Friend Alanus and then Nunnichia his Wife who desired to die with her Husband and last of all he killeth himself But Constantine after four Months Siege and the fourth Year of his Empire laying aside his Imperial Robes was made Priest and Arelate yielded up he was brought into Italy by Constantius unto Honorius who caused Constantine to be Beheaded with his two Sons Julian whom he stiled Nobilissimum that is Most Noble Julian and Sebastian the other Son Anno 410. And from this time Brettaine returned to the Government of Honorius Cambden pag. 59. 51. Victorinus sent Governor into Brettaine by Honorius did repress the Excursions of the Picts and Scots with great Wisdom and Valour Honorius the Emperor dieth of a Dropsie Anno 423. and Valentinian the Third was Emperor of the West But after that Rome was taken by Alaricus King of the Gothes and Victorinus called back out of Brettaine by Honorius presently the Brettans take up Arms and provide for their own safety and also the Brettans of Armorica in France and other Provinces set up Governors of their own rejecting the Roman Governors And this was in the time of Constantine by whose sloth the Picts and Scots over-ran this Island But a little after the Brettans pray that Honorius would send them Aid to defend their Cities but sending no Forces he admonished them by Letters that they should have a care to defend themselves The Brettans upon these Letters take up Arms and finding themselves unable to resist their Barbarous Enemies they earnestly beseech Honorius to send a Legion hither for their safety and obtained it which upon their coming hither overthrew a great multitude of their Enemies and drove the rest out of the Borders of their Province and built a Mud-wall between Edenborough-Frith and Cluid which was of little use For after that Legion was called back to defend France the Picts and Scots easily broke over the Bounds and most miserably spoiled the Brettans on every side Again Messengers are sent with rent and torn Garments and their Heads covered with Sand thereon lamentably craving Aid from the Romans Whereupon Forces were assigned by the Command of Valentinian the Third under Gallio of Ravenna who valiantly beat back the Picts and Scots and did a little revive their wasted Province Miserable now and deplorable was the Face of Things The Roman Empire as it were expiring and the Church by reason of the great Turmoil of Wars much pestered with Heretiques Pelagius now taught in our Brettaine That we might attain to Perfect Righteousness by our own Works And one Timothy also impiously disputed among our Brettans against the Divine and Humane Nature of Christ Cambden's Britannia pag. 59 60. Now ended the Rule of the Romans in Brettaine being the four hundred seventy and sixth Year from Caesar's entrance into Brettaine so accounts Cambden But I take it to be from the first entrance of Caesar to the time of Valentinian III. 479 Years at least when in the time of Valentinian the Roman Forces under the Command of Gallio were called back to defend France and Brettaine left naked without Arms and deprived of their Prime Military Men and their Treasure exhausted without any Defence against the Cruelty of the Picts and Scots Besides those Brettans saith Cambden carried away by Maximus and the last Constantine by Ancient Inscriptions and the Book of the Provinces called Notitia Provinciarum it appears that these underwritten did serve the Romans in their Wars dispersed through the Provinces which also were from time to time supplied out of Brettaine Viz. Ala Britannica Milliaria Ala IV Britonum in Egypto Cohors Prima Aelia Britonum Cohors III Britonum Cohors VII Britonum Cohors XXVI Britonum in Armeniâ Britanniciani sub Magistro Peditum Invicti Juniores Britanniciani Inter Auxilia Palatina Exculcatores Jun. Britan. Inter Auxilia Palatina Britones cùm Magistro Equitum Galliarum Thus have I briefly run through the Romans in Brettaine with the Times when they ruled there as near as I can but sometimes I cannot trace them so exactly as I could wish because the Ancient Authors are
10. Fingondulf 11. Frederwolf 12. Freolf 13. Fredwald 14. Woden 15. Bealdag 16. Brand. 17. Freodgar These three are omitted by Asser as it is Printed from Cambden's Copy 1603. also by Simon Dunelmensis pag. 119. 18. Frewin These three are omitted by Asser as it is Printed from Cambden's Copy 1603. also by Simon Dunelmensis pag. 119. 19. Wigg These three are omitted by Asser as it is Printed from Cambden's Copy 1603. also by Simon Dunelmensis pag. 119. 20. Gewis Iste fuit Caput Gentis suae à quo tota Gens illa nomen accepit à Britonibus Gewissorum Gens fuit Hantshire sive Regio Wintoniae Ordericus lib. 4. pag. 512. See also Bede de Hist Ang. lib. 4. cap. 15. Gewis is omitted in Mat. Paris Copy 21. Edda omitted by Asser and called Egla by Mat. Paris 22. Elesa 23. Ceordwic He lived Anno 520. 24. Creoda 25. Chenric or Kenrick 26. Cheulin 27. Cuthwin 28. Cutha Son of Cuthwin 29. Ceoldwald 30. Ceonred 31. Ingels cujus Frater fuit Ina Rex famosissimus Occidentalium Saxonum 32. Eoppa 33. Offa ceù Eafa 34. Alcmund 35. Egbert or Egbricht the first Saxon Monarch of all England Obiit Anno Christi 836. 36. Ethelwolf Obiit Anno 856. 37. Alfred He Reigned not till 872. because his Brothers Reigned before him Obiit 899. 38. Edward the Elder Obiit Anno Christi 924. 39. Edmund Obiit Anno Christi 946. 40. Edgar the Peaceable Obiit Anno Christi 975. 41. Ethelred He plotted to kill all the Danes in their Beds on the 12th of November at night An. 1012. Obiit Anno. Christi 1016. 42. Edmund Ironside He died Anno Christi 1017. 43. Edward the Outlaw He was never King though Right Heir Cnut the Dane dispossessed him 44. Margaret Wife of Malcolme the third King of Scotland Christian a Nun at Ramsey in Huntington-shire 1086. Si. Dunelmensis Edgar Atheling Right Heir to the Crown created Earl of Oxford 1065 Stowe and Cambden 45. Maud Wife of Henry the First King of England 46. Maud the Empress Daughter and Heir She was after married to Geffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou in France 1127. 47. Henry the Second King of England Son of Geffrey and Maud. c. ⚜ This Descent carrieth great uncertainty both for the defect of time wherein each lived and also for want of Authority vouched but chiefly for that Bedwig the first here named is made the Son of Sem Howbeit the later part of it is very true but the making of Bedwig Son of Sem is either foisted into the Copy by some ignorant Person or else is to be understood as descended from Sem originally not immediately as Christ is called the Son of David the Son of Abraham Matthew cap. 1. ver 1. For Sem the Son of Noah died Anno Mundi 2158. Anno post Diluvium 502. which was 1790 Years before Christ was born And no Learned Man versed in Antiquities can imagine the Descents here reckoned up to Bedwig from King Alfred to exceed 1000 Years So that reckoning from Alfred's death which was in Anno 899. it cannot be supposed that these Descents can reach much above the time of Christ's Birth if they reach so high admitting them to be exactly true so far as they reach which would yet fall short 1700 Years from the death of Sem. Besides we find no such Son of Sem as Bedwig mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures And if we well observe the third Chapter of S. Luke we shall find 66 Descents reckoned up between Sem and Christ containing the Revolution of 2000 Years and more if we account the Age wherein Sem lived And S. Matthew reckons up onely 52 Descents to that time by another Line besides three Kings omitted by him between Joram and Ozias for some Reasons best known to the Holy Spirit of God which will better appear by comparing S. Matth. 1. ver 8. with 1 Chron. cap. 3. ver 11 12. So as the whole Descents therein make up onely 55. And although some Mens Lives are longer and some shorter yet the Generations carry some proportion one with another as we may easily observe in others where the Descents are exactly put down But now between Sem and Alfred are onely 37 Descents here reckoned up which cannot comprehend above 1000 Years and between Sem and Alfred are effluxed 2690 Years accounting from both their deaths So that unless some Descents be here skipped over in many places it is impossible that any of these should reach the Age of Sem and then these cannot be exact and true Descents through Besides those more ancient Descents between Bedwig and Gewis not having been proved by some good Authority may yield them uncertain to relie upon So much for the Descent of the Saxons before-mentioned CHAP. V. Containing a Brief Catalogue of all the Saxon Kings in England from the first beginning of the Heptarchy and when they Reigned The Kings of Kent A.C. 455. 1. Hengist with Horsa his Brother 32 Years A.C. 488. 2. Esk Son of Hengist 24 Years A.C. 512. 3. Otta 20 Years A.C. 532. 4. Imirik 29 Years A.C. 561. 5. Ethelbert the first Christian King of Kent 56 Years A.C. 617. 6. Eadbald 24 Years A.C. 640. 7. Ercombert He first caused Lent to be kept in England Anno 640. Bede 24 Years A.C. 665. 8. Egbert 9 Years A.C. 674. 9. Lotharius 12 Years A.C. 686. 10. Edrik 7 Years A.C. 693. 11. Withtred 33 Years A.C. 726. 12. Egbert or Edbert 23 Years A.C. 749. 13. Ethelbert II. 11 Years A.C. 760. 14. Alric slain by Offa 34 Years A.C. 794. 15. Ethelbert III. 3 Years A.C. 797. 16. Cuthred 8 Years A.C. 805. 17. Baldred the last King of Kent He lost his Kingdom to Egbert King of the West-Saxons Anno Domini 824. 19 Years The Kings of the East-Angles A.C. 575. 1. Uffa the first King A.C. 582. 2. Titullus A.C. 593. 3. Redwald a Potent King A.C. 624. 4. Erpenwald A.C. 636. 5. St. Sigebert A.C. 638. 6. Egric A.C. 642. 7. Anna. A.C. 654. 8. Ethelbert I. A.C. 656. 9. Ethelwold A.C. 664. 10. Aldulf A.C. 683. 11. Elfwold A.C. 690. 12. Beorn A.C. 714. 13. St. Ethelred A.C. 749. 14. Ethelbert II. who being slain by Offa King of Mercia 793. this Kingdom was united to Mercia The Kings of the East-Saxons A.C. 527. 1. Erchwin the first King A.C. 587. 2. Sledda A.C. 596. 3. St. Sebert A.C. 617. 4. Sexred Seward and Sigibert Fratres A.C. 623. 5. Sigebert the Little A.C. 636. 6. Sigebert III. A.C. 638. 7. Egricus A.C. 642. 8. Anna. A.C. 654. 9. Ethelbert A.C. 656. 10. Ethelwald A.C. 661. 11. Swithelme A.C. 664. 12. Sighbert and Sebba A.C. 694. 13. Sigehard and Senfrid A.C. 701. 14. Offa. A.C. 709. 15. Selred A.C. 747. 16. Suthred The Kings of the South-Saxons A.C. 488. 1. Ella the first King 27 Yea. A.C. 515. 2. Cissa Son of Ella who lost his Kingdom to Cerdic King of the West-Saxons Yea. A.C. 687. 3. Edelwach or Ethehwolfe is the next
Names were Duswall Griffith Huvall Jacob and Judethil or Inchil Malmesbury pag. 56. Huntington pag. 356. and Hoveden pag. 426. He Reigned 16 Years 13. Edward II. sirnamed The Martyr Son of Edgar was treacherously murthered by his Step-mother to make way for her Son Ethelred to succeed He Reigned 3 Years 14. Ethelred II. younger Son of Edgar was oppressed and broken by the Danes and to buy his own Peace was forc'd to pay them a yearly Sum of 10000 l. which at last was enhanced to 48000 l. This Tax was imposed on his Subjects and called Dane-geld but weary of this great Taxation he Plotted warily with his Subjects to kill all the Danes in their Beds which was put in Execution on the Eve of Saint Britius being the twelfth of November 1012 in the night-time But soon after Swane King of Denmark Landed Forces in England and forced Ethelred to flie out of England into Normandy He Reigned 38 years Ethelredus iste baptismum stercore foedavit 15. Edmund II. sirnamed Ironside Son of Ethelred having in vain attempted to recover the Kingdom at last divided it with Cnut or Canutus the Dane Son of Swane and not long after was this Edmund basely murthered 1017. This was the common Fame saith Malmesbury but Florentius and Hoveden tell us that he died at London about the Feast of Saint Andrew the Apostle He Reigned nine Months By the Counsel of Edrick de Streon Cnut banished Edwin Brother to Edmund Ironside and also Edward and Edmund Sons of King Edmund Ironside Edward sirnamed The Outlaw Son of Edmund Ironside had issue Edgar Atheling the right Heir of the Crown and Margaret Married to the third Malcolme King of Scotland and Christian a Nun of Ramsey in Huntingtonshire 1086. Simeon Dunelmensis Kings of England of the Danish Blood 1. Canutus or Cnut King of Denmark and Norway after the death of Edmund Ironside was sole King of England He Married Emme the Widow of King Ethelred and Daughter of Richard Duke of Normandy He Reigned 20 years 2. Harold Bastard Son of Cnut sirnamed Harfuger He Reigned four years 3. Canutus II. commonly called Hardy-Cnut the lawful Son of Cnut He Reigned two years The Saxon Blood restored 16. Edward III. sirnamed The Confessor Son of Ethelred II. by Emme Daughter of Richard Duke of Normandy and half Brother to Edmund Ironside and to Hardy-Cnut the Dane was now advanced to the Throne of England and the Danes utterly expelled the Countrey having tytannized here above 200 years whereof they Reigned onely 26 years He Reigned 24 years He was the first of the Kings of England who cured the Disease call'd The Kings Evil a Prerogative continuing hereditary to the Kings of England and after his Death he was Canonized for a Saint Dr. Heylins Cosmography pag. 318. Anno Chr. 1066 17. Harold Son of Godwin Earl of Kent was chosen King of England in the Nonage of Edgar Atheling Grandchild to Edmund Ironside and true Heir of the Kingdom he was Crowned the sixth of January 1065. He Reigned nine Months and eight days But before I pass farther I would remember you of one thing mentioned by Dr. Heylin how in memory of the joyful clearing of the Countrey from the cruel Danes in the time of Edward the Confessor the English did institute the Merriment of the annual Sports of Hock-Tide and from their barbarous stabbing of the English at the time of their Drinking to avoid such villany the Party who was to Drink requested some of the next to him to be his Pledge or Surety whilst he was Drinking and hence came our Custom of Pledging one another a Phrase used in time of Drinking even to this day Harold was slain in Battel the fourteenth of October 1066 by William Duke of Normandy upon which Victory William was Crowned King of England and so ceased the Rule of the Saxons Thus have I briefly run over the Saxon Kings of England out of the most authentick Historians so that putting all together if we reckon the coming in of the Saxons with Cambden to be in Anno Domini 428 to the time of the Norman Conquest and including the small time of the Rule of the Danish Kings in the Account the whole time of the Saxons Rule in England was 638 years CHAP. VI. Of the time of the Danes in England 1. ANno Domini 800. the Danes first arriv'd in England to wit in the Isle of Portland which belongeth to Dorsetshire Brithric being then King of the West-Saxons Stowe's Annals but were after driven out of the Land These Danes did much infest England for a long space burning Towns and Temples and making woful destruction Osbert and Ella Kings of Northumberland were slain at York by the Danes Anno 867. Matth. of Westminster And in Anno 870. the Danes under the Command of Hinguar and Hubba slew Edmund King of the East-Angles and so possessed themselves of that Kingdom Florentius Wigorniensis and Stowe And in Anno 874. the Danes forced Beorhred King of Mercia to flie out of England and after his Expulsion they possessed all the Kingdom of the Mercians Florentius Infinite other Battels of them we meet with so that now they had the Kingdoms of the Mercians and of the East-Angles and a great part of Northumberland And in the time of Ethelred King of England Anno Domini 991. the Tribute call'd Danegeld was first Collected to appease the fury of the Danes and their Depopulations which continued a long time after See Spelman's Glossary on the word Danegeldum Anno Domini 1012. on the twelfth of November at Night Anno Regni Ethelredi 35. the English to free themselves from the great Oppression of the Tax called Danegeld did by a general Conspiracy strangle all the Danes in their Beds Heylin's Cosmography pag. 317. To revenge which Fact Swane King of Denmark came into England with a Fleet of 350 Ships Anno 1013. and ceased not to spoil many parts of the Kingdom and at last so far prevailed and subdued England that Cnut his Son was made King thereof after the death of Edmund Ironside to wit Anno 1017. and Cnut and his Sons enjoyed the Crown 26 years to the Year 1043. and then was the Saxon Blood restored to the Crown in Edward the Confessor but alass soon after Edward's Death were both the Danes and Saxons conquered by William Duke of Normandy to wit Anno 1066. So that we see the Justice of God how he set the Danes as a Scourge to the Saxons who had so perfidiously and cruelly used the poor Brettans and at last were driven out of their Lands by the Normans as they before had driven out the Brettans 2. The whole time that the Danes so miserably afflicted the Saxons in England was 266 years if we reckon to the Norman Conquest from the first coming of them into England Anno Domini 800. but if we reckon to the time of Edward the Confessor sub Anno 1043. then it containeth onely 242 years But Matth.
reigned 44 Years 4 Months and 7 Days The Scotch Line Kings and Monarchs of all Great-Brettaine and Ireland 24. James VI. King of Scotland Son of Mary Queen of Scots Anno Chr. 1602. Daughter and Heir of James V. Son of James IV. and of the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry the Seventh King of England was Proclaimed King of England in London March 24. 1602. as the next undoubted Heir to the Crown of England A Learned and Religious Prince of whom the Lord Bacon saith in his Advancement of Learning pa. 2. It is no Amplification but a positive and measured Truth That there was not so Learned a Temporal Monarch since Christ 's time in all Literature Divine and Humane as this King James Of whom see more in Scotland He died at Theobalds the 27 of March 1625. aged 60 Years He was the first Monarch of all Great-Brettaine He Reigned 22 Years and 3 Days 25. Charles I. Son of James VI. of Scotland was overpowred by the Puritanical Faction in England confederate with the Covenanters of Scotland who began their Rebellion in England Anno 1642. which continued by the Assistance of the Rebellious Parliament of England until the Year 1660. miserably ruinating both our Church and State And these Rebels murthered this Good King the 30 day of January 1648. in the 49 Year of his Age and banished his Children He Reigned 23 Years 10 Months and 3 Days 26. Charles II. Son of Charles I. was kept out of his Kingdoms till after the death of Oliver Cromwel the Traytor stiled the Protector but was after Restored and Returned to his Kingdoms the 29 day of May Anno Domini 1660. chiefly next under God who disposeth and ordereth the Hearts of all Men by the Assistance of Colonel George Monk who then had the Command of all the Forces in Scotland and England Principally and was afterwards made Duke of Albemarle by this King as well he deserved Of the Dukes of Normandy before William the Conqueror II. THe Dukes of Normandy from whence our Norman Kings of England aforesaid are descended are the Progeny of Rollo the Dane who invaded the Province of Neustria in France with a great Army which because they consisted of Men brought out of the North part of the World they were called Normans and that Province of France was called Normannia in Latin For in the Saxon Language of our Ancestors Normans denotes as much as Populi Septentrionales in the Latine And were a People as Cambden saith commixt of Norwegians Swedes and Danes 1. This Rollo took Baieux in Normandy by Storm and slew Berengarius Earl thereof and after married Popa Daughter of the said Berengarius on whom he begot William afterwards Duke of Normandy sirnamed Longespée because of the long Sword he used to wear And Rollo much perplexed the French by his daily Rapines over-running almost all France to Burgundy At last for the Mediation of a Peace Charles the Simple King of France gave unto him all the Land of Normandy from the River Epta to the Sea to be held by Homage from the Kings of France with Gista his Daughter in Marriage Popa his former Wife being now either dead or divorced Whereupon Rollo was Baptised by Franco Archbishop of Roan Anno Chr. 917. Anno Domini 912. And he was the first Duke of Normandy and died Anno Christi nati 917. Ordericus Vitalis lib. 3. ad initium Will. Gemeticensis lib. 2. cap. 12 17. 2. William sirnamed Longespée Duke of Normandy was Son of Rollo Slain Anno Christi 942. 3. Richard I. Duke of Normandy Son of William was but 10 Years old when his Father was slain He was Duke 54 Years 4. Anno 996. Richard II. Son of Richard I. by Gunnor first his Concubine and after his Wife Gemeticensis lib. 8. cap. 36. succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke 30 Years He had two Sons who succeeded Dukes one after another Richard and Robert besides other Children 5. Anno 1026. Richard III. Son of Richard II. succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke scarce a Year and a half 6. Anno 1028. Robert Brother to Richard III. succeeded Duke and after he had been Duke seven Years and a half he died at the City of Nice in Bithynia Anno 1035. 7. William Bastard Son of Robert by Arlet or Herlue as some write her a Skinners Daughter of Faloys in Normandy Chronicon Joh. Bromton pag. 910. a Child of eight Years of Age succeeded Duke of Normandy and was Duke 53 Years Ordericus lib. 3. in initio In the 32 Year of his Dukedom to wit Anno 1066. he Conquered England and is commonly called William the Conqueror Robert Curthose eldest Son of the Conqueror was after his Father also Duke of Normandy See the rest above pag. 32. among the Norman Kings of England ⚜ Normandy was lost to the French in the Reign of King John Anno 1204. Mat. Paris pag. 212. Normandy won again from the French by Henry V. Anno 1416. Normandy lost again by Henry VI. Anno 1449. And so much of England OF VVALES CHAP. I. Of the Name of Wales and Description of the Countrey I. THe Name of Wales was imposed from our Saxon Ancestors For the Ancient Brettans being beaten out of England by the Saxons fled into the West Parts of Brettaine being naturally fortified with great Mountains and Overflowings of the Sea to wit into that Part now called Wales and into Cornwal But the Brettans of Cornwal though they stoutly endeavoured to defend their Country yet were they soon forced to leave it to the Saxons Cambden and Verstegan tell us That the Saxons termed all Aliens and Strangers Walsh And hence they called these Inhabitants because Strangers unto them by the name of Walsh-men and their Countrey Wales But more probable it is that forasmuch as they be descended from the ancient Gaules their Neighbors in Latin termed Galli by the French Galles which the Saxons pronounce Walles and from whence Walles-man and now corruptly Welsh-man it seems to me to be thence called Wales as one should say The Countrey of the Waules or Walles And in ancient Latin Authors it is many times stiled Guallia and the Inhabitants thereof Gualli and every Man knows how the Saxons in most Words do use W for G as War for Guerre Ward for Guard and the like And at this day the French stile the eldest Son of the King of England Le Prince de Galles The ancient Galli were called Cimbri or Kimbri undè Cambro-Britannia is used for Wales and Cambro-Britannus for a Welshman And ask these Cambro-Brittans or Welsh-Brittans how they call themselves they will presently tell you Kimeri or Kumeri which sounds as much as Kimbri or Kymbry now in Latin molded into Cambri Howsoever the Name came the Inhabitants of Wales at this day are the Remnant of the Ancient Brettans but not without great commixture of the English their Neighbors which must needs follow in so long a Tract
came in Person to Assault it Anno 1216. after the Death of King John on the Feast-day of Simon and Jude the Apostles the twenty eighth day of October Henry the Third being then but nine Years old eldest Son of King John was Crowned at Glocester principally by the Power of Walo the Pope's Legat Peter Bishop of Winchester Randle Earl of Chester and William Marshall Earl of Pembroke and some others Paris and Polychronicon Anno Domini 1217. after Easter Randle Earl of Chester with many others met about the besieging of the Castle of Mountsorell by the procurement of William Marshall Regent of England for the young King which they fiercely assaulted But Lewis King of France and the Barons of England sent Forces from London in the very beginning of May to raise the Siege Randle Earl of Chester hearing thereof with others came to Nottingham The Barons march on and Besiege Lincoln Castle In the interim William Marshall Guardian of the young King and Kingdom Commanded all the Forces out of his several Garrisons to meet at Newark on Tuesday in Whitsun-week for the raising of the Siege at Lincoln among whom Randle Earl of Chester was the Prime Commander and in the beginning of the Week following they routed the Barons at Lincoln Mat. Paris pag. 294 295. And the Monk of Chester in his Polychronicon saith That Randle Earl of Chester slew many of the French so that Lewis the French King seeing his Party much weakned for a Sum of Money surrenders up all his Garrisons and returns to France Anno 1158. the Abbey of Pulton in Cheshire was Founded Anno 1214. that Convent was removed to Deulacresse in Staffordshire 10 Calendas Maii by this Earl Randis Monasticon vol. 1. pag. 891. Anno 1218. 2 Hen. 3. Randle Earl of Chester after he was accorded with Lhewellin Prince of Northwales took a Voyage to Jerusalem In which Year Damieta was taken by the Christians Mat Paris pag. 303. Anno 1220. 4 Hen. 3. Randle returning out of the Holy Land built Beeston Castle in Cheshire and Chartley Castle in Staffordshire and the Abbey of Delacresse near Leeke in Staffordshire of the Order of white Monks * De ordine Cisterciensi To which Abbey he gave Leeke and Rudeyard in Staffordshire Monasticon Vol. 1. pag. 891 892. Bivelegh vulgo Byley near to Middlewich in Cheshire was a Grange belonging to the Monks of Delacresse Monasticon Vol. 2. pag. 919. Towards the Charge of the Castles he Levied a Tax through all his Lands and Tenants Polychronicon Also Knighton pag. 24. 30. Nor can I here pass by the Mistake of Bale de Scriptoribus Britanniae Cent. 3. num 93. where he writes thus Ranulfus de Glaunvyle Cestriae Comes vir nobilissimi Generis in utroque jure eruditus in Albo illustrium virorum à me meritò ponendus venit ità probè omnes adolescentiae suae annos Legibus tùm humanis tùm divinis consecravit ut non priùs in hominem per aetatem evaserit quà m nomen decusque ab insigni eruditione sibi comparaverit Cùm Profecti essent Francorum heroes Ptolemaidem inito cùm Johanne Brenno Hierosolymorum Rege concilio Damiatam Egypti urbem obsidendam constituebant Anno Salutis humanae 1218. misit illùc Henricus Rex ab Honorio tertio Romanorum Pontifice Rogatus cùm magnâ Armatorum manu Ranulfum ad rem Christianam juvandam Cujus virtus Polydoro teste in eo bello miris omnium laudibus celebrata fuit Quo confecto negotio Ranulfus in patriam reversus scripsit unum librum de Legibus Angliae Fertur praetereà alia quaedam scripsisse sed tempus Edax rerum ea nobis abstulit Anno 1230. claruit confectus Senio dum Henricus tertius sub Antichristi Tyrannide in Angliâ regnaret So Bale and from him Pitseus thus Ranulfus Glanvillus ex Splendissimâ familiâ Cestriae Comitum in Angliâ natus c. in his Book De illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus These are both mistaken in the Name confounding Randle Blundevill and Randle Glaunvill together Randle Glaunvill indeed was Chief Justice of England under Henry II. and writ a Book De Legibus Angliae yet extant amongst us He died at the Siege of Accon Anno Christi 1190. Hoveden pag. 685. But this Randle Blundevill Earl of Chester is of later time a little and died Anno Christi 1232. This Earl was at the Siege of Damiata but writ no Book De Legibus Glaunvill writ the Book but was neither Earl of Chester nor of the Race of the Earls of Chester So much of Bale See Spelman's Glossary pag. 338. b. Anno 1224. Randle Earl of Chester John Constable of Cheshire and others of the Nobility were much displeased with Hubert de Burgo Chief Justice of England alledging that he did exasperate the King against them and did not well Execute the Laws insomuch that the Earl of Chester with his Complices at Leycester in stead of surrendring up the Castles which the King demanded from him as belonging to the Crown had thought to have sent threatning Messages both against the King and his Chief Justice but upon more deliberate Advice surrendred them Paris pag. 318 319 320. Anno 1229. the King having gathered a great Army together at Portsmouth thought to Transport them beyond Sea to recover those Lands which his Father had lost but not finding sufficient Shipping for half his Army he imputed the fault to the Treachery of Hubert de Burgo that he should have been Bribed thereunto by the Queen of France and drawing his Sword to have killed Hubert Randle Earl of Chester interposed and saved him that he got out of the King's sight till his fury was past Paris pag. 363. And in the same Year Randle Earl of Chester refuseth to pay Tythes to the Pope Paris ibidem Anno 1230. Randle Earl of Chester marched through Anjou and took certain Castles and so returned into Little Britain where the King had made him Commander in Chief of his Forces together with William Marshall and William Albemarle Paris pag. 367. Anno 1232. in the Parliament assembled at London the King demanded Money for the Discharge of his Debts occasioned by the Wars The Earl of Chester answering for the Nobility of the Kingdom told him That the Earls Barons and Knights which hold of him in Capite were personally with him in the Service and had exhausted their own Money in that Service and therefore ought not to pay any thing and so nothing was Granted Paris pag. 372. In this Year Randle Earl of Chester did a second time save the Life of Hubert de Burgo when the King being exasperated with Hubert sent to the Mayor of London to send away all the Armed he could raise immediately to put him to Death who in one Nights space were encreased to 20000. willing of the occasion But the King by the perswasion of Randle Earl of Chester telling how dangerous it might be to raise
Johannis apud Westmonasterium die Lunae proximè post Quindenam Paschae Anno Regni ipsius Henrici vicesimo tertio recognovi concessi quietum clamavi de me Haeredibus meis dilecto Fratri meo Simoni de Monteforti Comiti Leycestriae totam partem Honoris Leycestriae cùm omnibus pertinentiis in Regno Angliae adeò plenè integrè sicut Comes Simon Pater noster vel Robertus Comes Leycestrensis illam unquà m meliùs pleniùs liberiùs tenuerunt Habendum tenendum eidem Simoni Fratri meo Haredibus suit de Corpore suo procreatis de praedicto Domino Henrico Rege Haeredibus suis in perpetuùm c. Actum apud Westmonasterium Anno Die praenominatis 1239. Which the King at that very instant confirmed unto him But this was after the death of Randle Earl of Chester and Lincoln Howbeit this Simon lost the same again by his Rebellion and was slain at the Battel of Evesham 4 Augusti 49 Hen. 3. 1265. Randle sirnamed Blundevill was Earl of Chester 51 Years These followidg Notes I received from Mr. Dugdale This Earl of Perch was slain at the Battel of Lincoln 1217. Mat. Paris pag. 296. of the Edition put out by Wats A. Dom. 1640. THis Earl Randle was but of low stature as we may observe by the Earl of Perch his words to him at Lincoln What said he have we staid all this while for such a Little Man such a Dwarfe To whom Earl Randle replied I vow to God and our Lady whose Church this is that before to Morrow Evening I will seem to thee to be higher than that Steeple So Walter de Wittlesey a Monk of Peterborough a Manuscript now in possession of the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough King John gave to this Randle Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire to hold by the Service of one Knights Fee Chart. 17 Johannis num 25. and also the Custody of all Simon Montfort's Lands with the Forests to the use of the said Simon Ibidem Membrane 19. Pat. 1 Hen. 3. mem 4 mem 7. Pat. 2 Hen. 3. mem 10. 1 Hen. 3. the King gave to this Randle the Custody of the Honour of Lancaster and the Castle of Montsorrel which Randle demolished 2 Hen. 3. the King gave him the Custody of the Honour of Brittany in the Counties of Cambridge Norfolk and Suffolk And he executed the Office of Sheriff by his Deputies in the Counties of Salop and Stafford 2 3 4 5 7 Hen. 3. and in the County of Lancaster 3 4 5 6 7 Hen. 3. as by the Pipe-Rolls of those Years appeareth Pat. 11. H. 3. mem 6. 11 Hen. 3. the King gave him all that part of the Honour of Richmond which he formerly had of the Grant of King John to hold for Randle's Life upon condition that he should make no Agreement with the Earl of Brittany to surrender the same up to him unless the Earl of Brittany could obtain those Lands in Normandy which the Earl of Chester had lost in the Service of King John CHAP. VII Of John sirnamed The Scot Earl of Chester Or three Piles Gules His Father David Brother of William King of Scotland was Knighted by King Henry the Second 1170. Hoveden pag. 518. and made Earl of Huntington 1184. Hoveden pag. 622. and David died about Anno 1219. So that John Scot was Earl of Chester and Huntington Take here the Charte remaining among the Evidences of St. Werburge Church in Chester as followeth OMnibus Christi fidelibus praesens scriptum visuris vel audituris Johannes de Scotia Comes Cestriae Huntindoniae salutem in Domino Sciatis me concessisse confirmasse Deo Domni Sanctae Werburgae de Cestria Abbati Monachis ibidem Deo servientibus in puram perpetuam Elemosynam pro salute meâ Comitissae meae pro Animâ Comitis Davidis Patris mei Comitissae Matildae Matris meae pro Animâ Ranulfi Comitis Avunculi mei pro Animabus omnium Antecessorum meorum omnes Donationes Dignitates Libertates quas Comites Antecessores mei Barones eis dederunt Insupèr ego ipse do concedo praesenti scripto confirmo praedictis Abbati Monachis quietantiam de tribus Panibus quos aliquando solebant dare diurnè ad Turrim Castelli mei de Cestria quietantiam de Putura servientium in Villis suis scilicèt Huntington Cheveley Idinchale Wyrvin tempore Pacis Prestbury Gostrey in perpetuùm c. Testibus Domino Ricardo Phiton tùnc Justiciario Cestriae Domino Warino de Vernon Willielmo de Venables Hamone de Massy Hamone de Phitton Willielmo de Malo-passu Willielmo de Boydell Ricardo de Sonbach Ricardo de Wibinberie tùnc Vice-Comite Cestershiriae aliis This was made about 18 Hen. 3. 1233. II. This John Earl of Chester and Huntington conceiving that an Earl might not lawfully be Summoned in any other County than that whereof he was Earl did except against the Summons in Northamptonshire upon a Writ De rationabili parte brought against him there by the other Co-heirs to Randle Blundevill but was ordered to answer The Record I have here transcribed as it is cited by Selden in his Titles of Honour pag. 643. ex Fragmentis tempore Hen. 3. quae in Archivis Arcis Londinensis servantur Orta est ista lis in 18 Hen. 3. quod satìs constat ex placitis 18 Hen. 3. Rot. 14. NOrthampton Johannes Comes Cestriae Huntingdoaiae summonitus fuit ad respondendum Hugoni de Albiniaco Willielmo Comiti de Ferrariis Agneti Uxori ejus Hawisiae Comitissae Lincolniae quarè deforciat eis rationabilem partem suam quae eos contingit de Haereditate Ranulfi quondà m Comitis Cestriae undè ipse obiit Seisitus in Comitatu Cestriae computâ cùm eisdem Hugone Willielmo Agnete Hawisia parte suâ rationabili de Terrâ quam nùnc tenet alibì de eâdem Haereditate Et Comes aliàs respondit quòd noluit respondere ad hoc Breve nisì Curia consideraverit consideratione Parium suorum per summonitionem factam in Comitatu Northamptoniae de Terris Tenementis in Comitatu Cestriae ubi Brevia Domini Regis non currunt Et quià usitatum est hùc usquè quòd Pares sui alii qui libertates habent consimiles sicùt Episcopus Dunelmensis Comes Mareschallus respondent de Terris Tenementis infrà libertates suas per summonitionem factam ad Terras Tenementa extrà libertates suas Ideò consideratum est quòd respondeat III. This John Scot Earl of Chester carried the Sword before King Henry the Third at the Marriage of Queen Elianour Anno Domini 1236. 20 Hen. 3. at which time all the Great Men of this Kingdom used those Offices and Places which had of ancient Right belonged to their Ancestors at the Coronation of the Kings and is mentioned by Matthew Paris in these words