the town That is Hound Which is met Fought with Bergen op Zoom And defeated Middleburg rendered Feb. 18. The Fame of Mondragonio What strange confidence the enemy reposed in him Aldegund and three more exchanged for Mondragonio Jacob Simon John Pettin Franciso Citadella 1430. Largil to Marg. of Parma March 5. What the Prince of Orange made of Middelburg Largil to Margaret of Parma March 5. The first Mutiny of the Spaniards Out of the Bishop of Namure's letter to Marg. of Parma Iuly 24. Against Avila who detained their Pay The expostulation of the Mutineers Avila flies They march to Antwerp in hostile manner Despise Requesenes his messengers And onely demand money They enter Antwerp Their threats Their solemn Oath Their Edict against plunder They are paid And quieted The pious liberality of the mutineers How much the Franciscansâ—ad â—ad of them They invite the Jesuits Who refuse to come at them They send money to the Jesuites Colledge An exhortation made them by one of the Societie The fruits of it They give and restore very much to the Citizens Leyden A suspition that the souldiers plunder was Requesenes his designe Iuly 14. March 8. April 6. Iuly 24. A generall pardon proclaimed Of the siege of Leyden Valdez invites the Town to a Reâ—ndition They barbarously refuse He draws his line nearer Resolves upon a generall assault Why he puts off the day appointed The site of Leyden The fearfull designe of the neighbours to Leyden Who breaking down the banks let in the sea They sail over the woods And over the fields to Leyden How great a Navy came The besiegers besieged Their constancy Bern. Mend. l. 12. The like wonder of old Caesar. lib. 5. de bell Gall. Paul Oros. l. 6. Sprink Uloet The Spaniards retreat Not without losse Bern. Mend. l. 12. The exploit of Pedro Ciaconio A second mutiny of the Spaniards Against Valdez as if he had betrayed them at the siege They take him prisoner Utrecht He procures money and therewith pacifies them The Spaniards prosperous fortune Mich. ab Isselt Hist. of his Times Supplies brought by Altempse An old souldier of great abillties Clara Medices Jacob Medices His danger in his march The Elogie of Requesenes ex Annal. Arag Hier. Zuri His progenitour 1440. His maternall Ancestours famous Sea-Commanders 1480. His own Sea-services 1569. 1571. Ant. Maria Gratia de Bel. Cypr. l. 4. Thuan. l. 48. Hist. His Civill Offices 1564. 1573. His difference with St. Charls Boromaeo Carol. a Basil. S. Pet. l. 3. c. 2. Joan. Petr. Gussan l. 3. c. 3. Of whom be asks forgivenesse by his servant 1575. His Government of the Low-countreys not so unfortunate as many think His great Errour His souldiers much more to blame that mutined so often Their third sedition was the occasion of his death Out of the relation of Christop Assonvil Being near his end he names a successour for the Civil Government And a Generall for the Army But dying ere he had signed their Commissions March 5. of his Age fifty yeare The Government rested in the great Councell Which the King doubts to confirm The Pope proposing Don John of Austra Mary Queen of Scots Nichâ—lao Ormanetti Bishop of Padua For these reasons Notwithstanding the King lets the Senate govern Perswaded thereunto by Opper upon these grounds 1576. An unseasonable resolution destructive to the Lowcountreys The Belgick warre occasioned by the Peoples contempt of the Senate And their private differences As also by another mutinie of the Spaniards from the Relation of Christ. Assonvil Because the Germans were payed and not they An injury they very much resent Mart. Delr l. 1. Turb Belg. and others And are exasperated by the complaint of Count Altempse They demand their Pay of the Senate Which being craftily denied They march in hostile manner into Brabant They refuse conditions offered They take Aelst A tumult in in Bruxels Called Scriban by Francis Harve in his Annal Belg. A Spanish Senatou's servant slain The Senate declares the Spaniards Enemies to the State The Low-countreymen permitted to take arms against them Avila complains of the Senate The Senate laies the fault upon Avila out of Christ. Assonvill An Edict published by the Senate against the souldiers in Aelst Avila sends ammunition to his Countreymen in Aelst The Civill warre for a while put off by the Marquesse of Havres arrvall In the end of August Vasseur Lord of Moriemsart The Senates Letters to the King out of Christ. Assonvill The King commands Don John to take post for the Low-countreys In the interim the Prince of Orange makes use of the differences among the Royalists Solicits the Governours of Provinces Particularly Duke Areschot Mart. Delv. 1. Turb Belg. The Senatours opinions touching those of Aelst Some would have them destroyed by arms Others not to be provoked and these spake prophetically But their sense was rejected The People create a new Governour of Bruxels By his Orders the Senators that were held to be of the Spanish Faction were taken into Custody The authority of the Senate falls to nothing A new form of Government to Deputies of the Estates The beginning of the Association of Gant Four Provinces offer assistance against the Spaniards They crave succours from their neighbours in order to the Spaniards expulsion Their Agreement with the Prince of Orange Who assists them in the recovery of Gant Other Provinces associated with them The Convention at Gant Their wonderfull unanimity against the Spaniard The Kings party and the Ecclesiasticks joyning with the Consederates Septem 30. The like consent of old in expelling the Romanes Caes. l. 7. de Gal. Bel. The Confederates troubled at Glime's slight and losse Much more at the recovery of Maestricht by the Spaniards A military Invention Of the sack of Antwerp From the Emperours Court where he had remained since his fathers death The Deputies of the Estates send forces into Antwerp The Town raises a battery against the Castle The Spanish from all their Quâ—iters come to Antwerp So do the Mutineers from Aelst Of Cannon and Powder All received into the Fort. Christ. Assonv in his Relation The fury of the Mutineers A sally from the Castle The City-forces beat out of their Trenches The Spaniards enter the Town The Garrison at odds among themselves Count Egmont would have made resistance But is taken prisoner The Citizens fight stoutly Neer the Palace of Iustice. Which the Spaniards fire and become Masters of Antwerp Novem. 4. Count Egmont Caprius Gogny The Deputies of the Estates advance the association of Gant Hearing Antwerp was lost they hasten the firm conclusion of their League And send a Messenger to acquaint the King with their proceedings The Spanish Commandrrs likewise send one to his Majestie Who informs the King of these particulars The Plunder of Antwerp made the Spaniards adiâ—us How miserable a pillage it was The principall Actors in it The moderation of Camillo a Monte. The wretched condition of rich men The good fortune of a
would return and boldly claim a share in the success On the other part the Cardinalists more slowly followed the Kings business either offended at the Governess or to endear the Cardinall by his absence and to make him the more longed for But the Governess persisted in her desires to bar all hope of his return and wrote to his Majesty many letters wherein she did not a little tax the life of Granvell I suppose to shew she had reason for consenting to his remove Which was the cause why an Officer extraordinary was sent into Burgundy in the Kings name to take the accounts of the Exchecquer and so by the by to examine Granvells actions At this Inquisitours return the Governess made it her suit forasmuch as the Lords suspected Granvells stay in Burgundy had too near an influence upon the Low-countreys and that they likewise said Though his person was absent his Counsels and Directions still ordered the affairs of State his ghost as it were haunting the Low-countryes that his Majestie would please to free the Provinces of that kind of fear and send the man to Rome the place he had long since chosen whither afterward Granvell went of his own accord not by the Kings command For in December the year following Pius the fourth deceasing Cardinall Granvel came to Rome to the Conclave it will not do amiss I suppose to let you know the further progress and end this great man where he was re-imployed by King Philip the show not substance of whose favour he had lost in soliciting all businesses at Rome that nearliest concerned his Kingdome with higher expressions then ever of his affection to the Cardinal By which is evident what difference there is between such as get into favour with a Prince by accident such as are advanced by merit for those if they once fal never rise these their absence ingratiates with their Prince and necessitie restores them to their places And it fell out very opportunely for Granvel who being as ambitious of employment as prepared for present business the League betwen the Princes of Christendome so often begun to be treated so often broken off coming now again in agitation received from the King a large Commission that together with Francis Cardinall Paceco and his Majesties Embassadour Iohn Zuniga he should upon what conditions he thought good make a league between Rome Spain and Venice which he clearing the matters of controversie that daily were revived faithfully and actively endeavoured on the Kings behalf After this he was created by King Philip Vice-roy of Naples and delivered from the Pope to Don Iohn of Austria the Standard and commanding Staff that declared him Generall of the Christian Fleet. After the Popes death coming to Rome he so applyed himself that besides his advancing the Spanish party whereof he was chief he was the principall cause that Gregory the thirteenth to the great benefit of Christendome was created Pope And yet he exceedingly displeased that very Bishop at his return to Naples where he carried himself somewhat more harshly towards he Church then could be exspected from a Prelate of his Robe but not otherwise then we see many sacred and mitred persons do that shew themselves more earnest then the Lay-ministers of Princes to advance their politick Dominion Whether it be their care to decline the suspicion of being for the other party or that their knowledge and emulation discovers the abstrusest points that are to be opposed Nor are they lesse violent for being in holy Orders familiarity and injoyment taking off their respect to that of which they are possessed The Vice-roy Granvell had signed a warrant to his Officers to take out of Marius Caraffa the Archbishops prison a notorious offendour whose cause Granvell said belonged to his Jurisdiction For which fact Marius Caraffa excommunicated the Kings Officers whereat Granvell being implacably displeased laid the Archbishops servants by the heels and sequestred the rents and profits of the Archbishoprick the Popes Nuncio Anthonius Saulio in vain labouring against it and threatning the Popes indignation if he persisted Gregory the thirteenth was exceedingly vexed thereat especially because when this was done at Naples the like was attempted in Castile by the President of the Councel Didaco Covarruvia Bishop of Segovia His Holiness therefore commanded Saulio to go to the Cardinal Vice-roy and directly tell him That unless within so many dayes he would revoke and make null all he had done against the Archbishop and his servants he by the authority given him by his Holiness would turn Granvell out of the Colledge of Cardinalls Which message though some fearing the Vice-royes dipleasure perswaded Saulio to put in milder terms boldly delivered according to his instructions so terrified Granvell that he discharged the prisoners and restored the Bishop to his own Nay he gave the Archbishop a prisoner in exchange for the condemned man taken from him that occasioned the dispute and had been forthwith executed Afterwards he submitted to the Canons with much more care and reverence So you see Threats and Menaces proportioned to the greatest spirits will at last humble them Granvell having now four years governed that Kingdome with great Prudence indeed but not so great regard to Chastity as beseemed his age and scarlet being in some measure reconciled to the Pope returned to Rome From whence three years after he was sent for by the King into Spain being then 62 years old and the Italian affairs of State wholly intrusted to his disposall which was distastfull to some of the Grandees whose weaker and lesser iudgements were eclipsed by his old and solid experience and looked on by him with a kind of scorn I find likewise the King himself was offended with him whilest by too passionately extolling the Actions of Charles the fifth and instancing what he had done upon the like occasions he seemed to urge them as presidents for his sons imitation with a freedome odious to Princes which had ruined many of Alexanders greatest Commanders that spake too liberally in his fathers commendations But Granvell knew he had to do with a Prince enamoured of his merits whose favour towards him he had found rather suspended then extinguished whereof he had this further proof that King Philip going to take possession of the Kingdome of Portugall left Granvell to govern Spain and returning out of Portugall when he made his entrance into Madrid waited on by infinite multitudes and received with the acclamations of all sorts of people he rode through the Town with this aged Cardinal onely on his left hand Lastly three years after Granvell returning from the Citie of Auspurge vvhere he had married the Infanta Katharine King Philips daughter to Eâ—â—manuel Duke of Savoy being now seventy years of age departed this life at Madrid the very day 28 years after the death of the
restored their Churches to the Catholiques as they did Noâ— was it lesse needfull to give some way to them at Tournay and in Tournacese the Hereticks being there the stronger party That they justly opposed the Cardinall as pernicious to the Government of the Provinces That Casembrot was retained in Egmont's Family for the Service he undertooke to do against the Church-Robbers That Tournay being then well pacified had no use for Beavor and therefore they consulted about sending him away especially being requested so to doe by those of Flanders Thus in order severally and respectively they answered to the other parts of their Impeachment which if I should but run over would be an infinite worke Count Hornes particular charge consisting of 600. heades How they cleared themselves I define not Truly I know many of those very Objections were made against them both to his Majesty by the Governesse Nay their designe of dividing the Provinces I find to be discovered euen by the Bishop of Osnaburg in Westphalia who gave intelligence thereof to the Governesse by Cobell one of his Councell adding that he heard it long since from Count Suarzemburg cosen to the Prince of Orange and by George Holly a German Colonell when they were merry at Supper where they said the King of Denmarke would put in for a share All which the Governesse inserted in her Letters to the King as we have related in the yeare 66. Notwithstanding the people giving their Judgement either out of hatred to the Duke of Alva or out of love to Count Egmont acquitted him and laid all the fault upon Alva as one that envied Egmont his old Rivall in the Warres They likewise reported that he bare a grudge to Count Egmont because long since the Count won many thousand Crownes of him at Dice and afterwards in a publique Solemnity when they shot at markes for a wager the Duke of Alva lost it the Low-countrey-men shouting for Joy that one of their Nation had the victory over a Spanish Generall Which Stories either false or little trifling matters yet remembred by the vulgar were brought in to foment their pitty And I verily believe in the processe of this Triall a greater Odium was cast upon the Duke then he deserved Nay I have read how it was affirmed by very worthy men that after their sentence was brought out of Spaine Alva wrote to the King that he was every day slower to put it in execution because he fore-saw what mischiefe would insue and that the King incensed against Egmont partly for the promise of his Faith made when he was in Spaine but not performed partly for the many complaints against him writ to his Majesty by the Governesse and aggravated by Cardinall Spinosa then the great man at Court blamed the Duke of Alva's Slackness commanded him according to former Order forwith to dispatch him Yet the Duke deferred execution til the Prince of Orange invading Brabant he was forced to meet him with his Army Perhaps this Relation may not gaine like credit with all persons but howsoever no man's Malice to Alva shall deterre me from writing what I have from good hands receive'd As also the peoples Favour to Egmont shall not make me omit the clearing him of a Crime which I find by many obiected against him That he received great Summs of money which made him winke at diverse things acted in his Provinces such as he being a military man and not considering of what dangerous consequence they were to Religion did not imagine to be so preiudiciall to the Church Yet this offence not touched in his Impeachment wherein nothing was pretermitted either by negligence or out of Favour I suppose to be a Fiction Howsoever Egmont and Horne were brought from Gant to Bruxells the third of June and by the Duke of Alva President of the Councell of twelve the King having inabled him by peculiar Commission to exercise Authority over the Knights of the Golden-Fleece Sentence of Death was pronounced against them and Martin Rithovius Bishop of Ipres sent to acquaint them with it and assist them in their â—ast necessity And Egmont though it much troubled him he should come to an end so farre below his Merits yet collecting himselfe as became a Valiant man and only carefull of his Wife and Children wrote in French to the King The Copy of which Letter sent by Christopher Assonvill to the Governesse I here give you Sir since you are pleased that Sentence of Death must passe upon your humble and faithfull Subiect and Servant who never aimed at any thing but your Majestyes Service for advancement whereof as my past Actions testify I neither spared my paines nor fortunes but to a thousand dangers have exposed my life which never was so pretious to me but that if it might any way be offensiue to your Majesty I would a hundred times before this have exchanged it for death Therefore I doubt not but when you shall fully understand the Carriage of Businesse in these parts you will clearly perceiue how iniuriously I have beene used whilst they have perswaded your Majesty against me in things that never entred my Imagination I call God to witnesse and I pray that he will revenge it upon my soule that must this day appeare before his Iudgment-Seat if I have neglected any part of that which I beleive'd to be my Duty towards my King and Country I therefore beseech you Sir I that shall petition your Majesty no more that for the Reward of all my painefull Services you will please a little to commiserate my Wife and eleven Children with the rest of my Family which I have commended to some few Friends yet left me And presuming your Majesty out of your native Clemency will not deny me this I go to suffer death which I willingly imbrace assuring my selfe my end will give many satisfaction From Bruxells the fifth of Iune at two of the clock after midnight in the yeare 1568. Your Majesties most humble most faithfull and most obedient Subject and Servant prepared to dye Lamorall Egmont This Letter for the King hee gave to the Bishop of Ipres and confessing his sinnes to him spent the rest of the night in reconciling himselfe to God and arming of his minde to suffer The like did Count Horne assisted by the same Prelate and other Divines In the morning being Whitsun-Eve a Scaffold hung with blacks was set up in the Market-Place guarded with the Regiment of Iuliano Romero whereon were laid two Cushions before a silver Crucifix About Nooneday Count Egmont was brought thither accompanied with the Bishop of Ipres and Romero after some few prayers he put off his Damaske-Gowne threw away his Hatt and speaking a few words to the Bishop fell upon his knees before the Crucifix and his night-cap being pulled over his eyes the Executioner that lurked under the Scaffold and was once as it is said his
sing Prayers He often read Saints lives and discoursed of holy things more frequently then he accustomed he washed out the stains of his Conscience by Confession of his sinns and are the bread of Angels though sometimes not fasting for which he had a dispensation by reason of the weakness of his stomack granted by the Pope Nay with a discipline of platted cords so much prevailed the example of others and a mind once conquerour over it self he put himself to constant sharp penance for his former life Which Discipline King Philip ever had in great veneration and a little before his death commanded it to be brought to him and as it was stained in the bloud of Charles his father he sent it to his sonn Philip the third and they say it is still preserved among the pious monuments of the House of Austria Lastly upon occasion of those funerall Obsequies which he celebrated for his Mother on the Anniversary of her decease a new desire set him a longing if it were lawfull to celebrate his own funeralls advising hereupon with Iohn Regula a Father of the Convent and his Confessour when he told him it was though without president yet a pious and meritorious act he commanded immediately that all funerall preparations should be made A Herse was therefore set up in the Church torches lighted and his servants in black stood about it the Service for the dead being mournfully sung by the Religious men He himself surviving his own funeralls beheld in that imaginary last office the true tears of his attendance He heard the Hymn wishing him happy rest among the Saints and he himself singing with them prayed for his own soul till coming near him that officiated and delivering him the torch he held lighted in his hand with eyes lifted up to heaven he said Thou great Iudge of life and death I humbly beseech thee as the Priest takes from me this wax-light I offer so thou at last in thine own good time wilt graciously please to receive my Spirit which I commend into thy hands arms and bosome Then as he was in a loose mourning garment he lay down upon the floor all the Church beginning to weep a fresh and as he had been laid forth to take their last farwell It seems the Emperour by these feigned Rites plaid with approaching death for two dayes after his personated Obsequies he fell into a fever which by little and little consuming him the Archbishop of Toledo gave him all the supplies by the Christian Church appointed for the struggling soul and the Monks that came frequently out of their Cels into his Bed-chamber prayed God to send their Guest a happy convoy to the mansion of the Blessed and on the Eve of the Evangelist S. Matthew in the eight and fiftieth year of his age whereof he onely lived two years with a great sence of Piety and Religion he departed this life His death was attended with conspicuous signes in Heaven and Earth For a while after he sickned there was seen a blazing star in Spain at first somewhat dimm but as his disease increased so it grew in brightness and at last shooting its fiery hair point blank against the Monastery of S. Iustus in the very hour the Emperour died the Comet vanished Nor happened this without admiration in the Emperours garden sprung a Lilly which at the same time put forth two buds The one as it is usuall blowing in the Moneth of May The other though as well watered gave no signe of laying its great belly all the Spring and Summer but that night wherein the Emperours soul put off the garment of his body the Lilly suddenly breaking her Challice with an unseasonable and unexspected Spring began to blow It was likewise observed by all that this Lilly laid upon the high Altar for men to view was received as a happy and white omen Thus Charles the fifth when he had enjoyed his Fathers kingdomes fourty years the Empire six and thirty and himself two after the resignment of all these left it doubtful whether he merited more honour in so long governing the Empire and many Kingdoms or in relinquishing them all together Yet I am not ignorant this Act was then diversly censured and at this day the Emperours resignment is an argument for Rhetoricians to declaim upon in the Schools and Politicians at Court But omitting the conceptions of these men and such builders of Castles in the air I will give you the common and most probable opinions Philip the Second King of Spaine Prince of the Low-countreys Ro Vaughan sculp But whatsoever it was King Philip after his Fathers decease disposing of his new Dominions instead of Mary Queen of Hungary substituted in the government of the Low-Countreys and Burgundy Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy who besides his nearness of bloud to Charles the fifth had given him many proofs of his experience in the Warrs especially in those Provinces against the French Nor were his great abilities less usefull to King Philip in the War that welcomed him to his new Principality For though the Kings Henry and Philip in the beginning of this year by the mediation of Mary Queen of England had made a five years truce at Cambray yet by reason of the Warre flaming between the Pope and King Philip the Truce within the year was broken the Spaniard laying the fault upon the French and the French upon the Spaniard King Henry called into Italy by the Caraffi embraced the specious pretence of protecting the Pope but peradventure he looked not so much upon the cause as upon the issue of the War easily believing he should conquer this new and unexperienced Prince having at more then one Battel overthrown so old a Souldier and so great a Conquerour as his Father And now the French having past the Alps under the Duke of Guise's Command fought for the Pope in Italy and at the same time entring the Low-Countreys under the Conduct of Colligni plundred the Province of Artois Whilest King Philip the Duke of Alva strongly prosecuting his affairs in Italy on the one part prevailed with his Wife to denounce War against King Henry on the other part he commanded Philibert Duke of Savoy to make an introde into France by whose valour and conduct he won that memorable Victory at S. Quintins which put all France into a shaking fit insomuch as the greattest part of their Gentry being prisoners to the Spaniard the rest marched into Italy it was the common fear if the Conquerour came on he would easily possess himself of Paris most of the Townsmen being fled to the neighbouring cities as if the Spaniard were at their gates But King Henry commanding the Duke of Guise out of Italy and raising a great Army which is ordinary in France where the children are bred souldiers he soon interrupted the
Spanish triumph for immediately he took Calice which Port the Kings of England used to call The Portall of France and so long as they enjoyed it they said They wore the keyes of France at their girdle being all the remainder of their two hundred years conquest that was kept by the Englishmen upon the continent of France which Kingdome in a few dayes they were forced to restore to its ancient bounds retiring to their own within the Sea But shortly after the Die of War ran on the Spanish side For King Philip perceiving the French Army to be divided proud of their number and success having in hope devoured all the Low-Countreys he himself divided his own forces part he sent against Paulus Termus burning and spoyling the Sea-coast of Flanders under the Command of Lamorall Count Egmont the gallantest of all the Low-countrey-men who was Generall of his Horse at the battel of S. Quintin and a great cause of the victory The other part of his Army he sent into Savoy to attend the motion of the Duke of Guise Count Egmont fighting a battel before Graveling a port of Flanders with great valour and fortune won the day For whilest the old souldiers of both Armies fought doubtfully for sometime on a sudden the French gave ground and lost the battel for ten English ships as they sailed by seeing the fight struck into the mouth of the river of Hay and with their Cannon so galled the French on that side where they held themselves to be impregnable coming upon them with such an unexspected and therefore a more dreadfull storm from sea that the Foot being disordered their fear was infused into the Horse so as their Army being routed there scarce remained one of the whole number to carry home news of the overthrow For part were sâ—ain in the fight the Duke and his great Officers taken prisoners the rest were either knocked down as they swam by the English besides two hundred taken alive and presented to the Queen for witnesses of their service at the battel or by the Boors in revenge of the plundering and firing of their houses killed without mercy To their misfortune was added that the reliques of the Army scattered in places they knew not about Flanders had their brains beaten out by the women that came upon them with clubs and spits and which is a more dangerous weapon armed with the furie of their sex some almost railing them to death others pricking their bodkins into them with exquisite barbarity pulled them to pieces with their nayls as the Bacchanals tore Orpheus Thus Henry of France loosing two battels in one year seeing his old souldiers slain and which is of fadder consequence the noblest of his subjects taken prisoners which are the strength of the French Militia He willingly embraced that peace which so long as fortune smiled upon him he had sleighted And King Philip moved by the accession of Calice to the Kingdome of France and his experience of the War had the like inclination to Peace Just as we see after the clouds have fought and are broken the Sun breaks forth nor ever shines a greater hope of Peace then when a War is seriously prosecuted fury being as it were glutted and weary with the slaughter The honour of this Peace was attributed to Christiern Dutchess of Lorain mediating between the two Kings as cosen-germane to King Philip and by late affinity gracious with King Henry Nor is it unusuall to employ that Sex in such transactions for it is held a point of Civility to yield to their solicitation The news of this Peace which after long dispute opened it self with the Spring in the city of Cambray was received with so great a joy of the Christian world weary of the tedious War that higher expression of contented minds are scarce recorded in the memory of man They that compared this peace with that concluded between the fathers of these Kings above thirty years before mediated likewise by Princesses and concluded where this was in the Town of Cambray a place destinated as it seems for peacemaking shall find then no common joy because divers Princes were not parties to the League and the warr in Italy still continued Whereas all the Princes of Europe being equally comprehended in this Peace an equall joy spread it self through all nations filling every mind with great hope of long friendship between the Kings which afterward fell out accordingly A Marriage was likewise made the better to confirm the Peace which notwithstanding continues among Princes no longer then ambition suffers it to which for the most part Kings are more truly married King Philip Mary Queen of England being dead the year before was offered a wife that had been promised to his son Charles Prince of Spain Isabella King Henries daughter eleven years of age who because she was born when the peace was begun with England and married to make a peace with Spain they called the Princess Peace In like manner Emman Philibert married King Henries sister Margaret and had in portion with her all those towns beyond and on this side the Alps which France the first and Henry himself had taken from him But never did France celebrate so joyfull a Wedding with so sad a close Among other preparations there a Tournament that is fearfull pleasure and an honourable danger wherein one cannot think them to be in jest that fight nor to fight when they see all intended but for sport It is an exercise the French exceedingly affect and they account it noble as being a bold and warlike nation The Lists now set up and scaffolded like a stage were filled with the best Tilters in Christendome for France challenged Europe at the breaking of a spear The two first dayes the King himself ran and had the Victory but when he came the third time in all his glory into the Lists against the advice of the Lords encountring the Captain of his Guard before his Bever was down a splinter of his Launce flying in his face struck out his right eye and shooting into his brain the Queen and Queen-mother with the Kings children beholding those unfortunate Revells he presently fell in a swound and being caught in mens arms the whole stage running bloud which but now rung with joyfull acclamations and applauses suddenly turned into mournings and lamentations The fifth day after this Prince no less valiant then religious and every way worthy a better fate departed his life And before the eyes of an infinite multitude which it seems he had proudly invited to his own funerals he acted to the life without scene or fable the Tragedy of mortall happiness They say one that cast his nativity as these kind of Predictions are commonly produced after the event foretold this very accident For Queen Katharine of Medices desirous to know the fate of her children of
he would never have touched the maid and therefore commanded her delivery should be kept private as well to preserve the Mothers honour as his own For the Emperour was not prodigall of his fame in this kind nor with pomp and ceremony brought his by-blows on the stage But the secret lay not long in the Embers being gossiped out by a woman employed as a necessary instrument in such cases She imparted it to her husband he with the same secresie told it to a friend of his for every one hath some he trusts as much as others can trust him just like the rain on the house top which falling from one tile to another and so from gutter to gutter at last is spouted into the high way For when many are of counsel in a business what was every ones secret becomes a rumour to the people Nor did the Mother think it amiss after she was known to have a child that the father of it should be likewise known as if her fault should be lessened by the greatness of his name And shortly the child appeared to be of the House of Austria by her Princely education The Low-Countreys were then governed for Charles the fifth by his Aunt Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and Mary Dutchess of Burgundy The Emperour bred the Infant in the Court of his Aunt under whom he himself in his infancy had been educated Till she was eight years old the child was fostered in the bosome of that Princess After whose decease she was sent to Mary Queen of Hungary sister to Charles the fifth who being left a widow by King Lewis had the government given to her And her neece Margaret grew so like her not onely in her private and publick virtues but by observant imitation the child had the happiness to get her very sense and propensions her gravity and meen The Governess was much delighted in the sport of Hunting whereupon they commonly called her the Forestress as the true Neece to Mary Dutchess of Burgundy that constantly followed the Chase till by a fall from her horse she got her death This Fate appears not onely to be her own but to relate to Maximilian whose other wife Blanca Sforza while she was hunting was likewise thrown from her horse and killed The Dutchess of Parma was so taken with this sport and had so hardened her body with exercise that she fearless galloped after her Aunt over the lawns and through the woods before she was ten years of age As she grew in years she grew to exceed her Mistress in horsemanship she was then betroathed the second time to Alexander Medices of Florence she and her first husband Hercules Prince of Ferrara having never bedded For the Emperour that he might win Alphonso father to Hercules from the French from whom he was offered great conditions by Pope Clement the seventh Courted him upon the self same terms confirming him in the Principality of Mutina and Regio and espousing his Daughter Margaret then hardly four years old to Alphonso's eldest sonne Hercules By these espousals the Emperour gained Alphonso as the necessity of his affairs required But a while after he being drawn again to side with the French and his Sonne Hercules married to Renata Daughter to Lewis King of France The Pope upon his reconcilement with the Emperour among other articles of Peace agreed that Alexander Medices son to that Laurence whom Leo the tenth deposing Feltrio had created Duke of Florence should be settled by the Imperiall Army in the Florentine Principality and that to confirm him therein the Emperour should bestow upon him his Daughter Margaret in marriage Which conditions Cesar willingly signed partly out of respect to his Holyness whose injury he seemed to cancell by this benefit partly in hatred to the Florentines that entering into the Lotrechian association against the Emperour had put their City under the French Kings protection Alexander was forthwith possessed of Florence and the Florentines dispossessed of their liberty But the marriage was not compleated till seven years after Pope Clement being then deceased Nay the match by occasion of the Popes death came into a possibility of breaking upon the solicitation of some great men in Florence who by that seven years protraction imagining the Emperour wavered in his resolution treated with him on great hopes and promises not to admit of Alexander for his son in law but to restore the City to its freedome which they would onely hold of the Emperour But Cesar having past his promise to the Pope in his life time thought himself bound in point of honour to make it good after the Popes decease Especially because he suspected that the Florentines leaned towards the French Nor was he ignorant that a benefit more easily obliges particulars then a multitude and that favours scattered in publick are received by all returned by none The Emperour therefore sending for Alexander from Florence to attend him at Naples and to the Low-Countreys for Margaret who longed to see her Father returned from the Warre of Tunis at a Convention of the Estates and a great concourse of strangers the marriage was celebrated with military Revells wherein the Emperour himself ran a Tilt habited like a Tauny-moor But Margaret being received at Florence as their Dutchess and the Nuptiall solemnities iterated there a great part of the body of the sunne was darkened at the Feast and terrified the Guests Many held it to be ominous who looking with discontented eyes upon the present state and making the heavens speak according to their wishes compared the Dukes fortune to the sunnes splendour suddenly eclipsed Nor did their conjecture fail them for Alexander by the Emperours affinity grown proud and therefore careless fell intemperately to love women and so impolitickly that being secure from forrein force he was with the bait that pleased him easily intrapped by his kinsman Lorenzo Medices of Counsell with him in his pleasures and in hope or under pretence of restoring Florence to her liberty in the seventh year of his Principality before he had been a full year married he was slain His successour Cosmo for the Duke died but not the Dukedome in the first place humbly addressed himself to the Emperour for his consent that he might marry his daughter Princess Margaret thinking it would be a great support to his new and shaking power But Cesar resolved to make his best advantage of his daughters marriage having already obliged the house of Medices by establishing that family in the Dukedome of Florence and having likewise laid an obligation upon Cosmo himself by confirming though many opposed it the Principality upon him sought a son in law among the Farnezes then Princes and gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Octavio nephew to Pope Paul the third and at that time created Prefect of
knowing how advantagious it would be to the State of the Low-countreys if things appertaining to Religion should be transacted by him in whom among other ornaments his scarlet would advance his Authority Yet notwithstanding these letters from the Dutchess Granvel assented not till he had answer out of Spain then he presently put on his Robes and so expressing his duty to the King without distast to the Governess he received honour from the one and favour from the other Besides his Pall the Popes Chamberlain brought him from Rome a Cardinalls hat which is seldome sent to any it being the custome to receive it onely in Rome Which benefit Granvel ascribed to the Dutchess with exquisite thanks not so much extolling the greatness of the bounty as the giver And he said he had cause to reverence it as the greatest of all honours because therein he adored the goodness of his Prince But in his private discourse he plainly told the Dutchess That considering the Changes of mans life he had accepted of that Dignity Especially for that if at any time he should leave the Low-countreys as he saw a storm over his head threatening him from the Lords he might have a place at Rome among the Cardinals to which he might make an honourable retreat A designe at this day hit upon by many who knowing That Power seldome grows old at Court and that Favour will as surely perish as Life are willing to be advanced into this Order not as ambitious but as provident persons that in their greatest misfortunes the Altar and the Church may be their Refuge In the year following 1562 the Civil War of France reviving the Kings commands came to the Governess enjoyning her with all possible care and speed to send assistance to King Charles against his Rebels An Account of the Management and Original of these troubles will not I suppose trespass upon your patience if I repeat briefly from the beginning not onely what before this time was agitated touching these succours but the whole Progress of those French tumults forasmuch as partly upon private discord at Court partly for that in publick which concerned Religion it was the Model of the Plot laid by the Low-countrey men with so like success of both Nations that sometimes unless you be rectified by the names of Places and Persons you would not think you read the actions of two Kingdoms but of one and the same People Moreover some part of the French Rebellion was carried by advice sent out of the Low-countreys whereof Cardinall Granvel gave intelligence to his brother Thomas Lord Cantonet Embassadour for the Catholick King in France This being therefore a business of no small importance and because I would not interrupt my Narration of the Low-countrey war with inserting that of France I shall here as the matter and place requires with no vain not tedious Digression comprehend the whole Heresie having long since poysoned France had distracted it into factions and many men contemning the old had taken up the name of the new Religion For although after Luthers pestilence reigned in Germany France had a great while kept it self free from the infection yet in the year 1533 it was attempted by some of Luthers Emissaries For Francis the first favouring learned men and learning as commonly they do whose actions are worthy of a learned pen resolved to erect an University at Paris sending proposals of great entertainment to the ablest scholars of Italy and Germany This opportunity Luther took hold of and sent Buâ—er and others of the boldest of his followers which by disputing in that confluence of prudent men might give an Essay to bring in the new Gospel Nor wanted there some that were taken with the Novelty Especially because such as were questioned for Religion had their recourse into Aquitain to Margaret of Valois the Kings sister who perhaps out of hatred to the Bishop of Rome which had been infused into her in the family of her husband Alibret whom his Holiness depreived of the Kingdome of Navarre might lie open to the cunning of the Lutherans perhaps out of ambition to be thought a Wit which she affected beyond the limits of her sex or indeed as she herself confessed some years before her death at which time she was a Catholick it was not out of the perversness of her nature but out of commiseration to the condemned persons that fled to her protection which made her so earnest with her Brother in the defence of their new opinions So that for ten years together she bolstered up Lutheranisme in France Though Francis the first was the more slow in eradicating it by reason of the Germanes and the Swisse that served him against Charles the fifth till being grievously offended with the contumacy of the men and their malice to Religion he published many Proclamations against them not onely threatning but executing his Laws untill at last he almost extinguished the name of Luther in his Kingdome But Calvins stratagem succeeded somewhat better Who immediately upon the death of Francis the first whilst King Henry was engaged in the Warrs attempted France by sending Libels from Geneva And as he found the minds and ears of many possessed with Luthers opinions so he himself set the common people agogge to understand his new doctrine and the vulgar was very proud for his Books were writ to their capacity in the French Tongue to be made Judges of Religion and as it were to passe their votes upon the abstrusest controversies of Faith Lastly as they that fall from the highest point are easily tossed from one breach of the precipice to another till they come to the very bottome having once departed from the old Religion they fell headlong from Luther to Calvin many of them not resting till having disclaimed all worship and not believing there was any God at all they finally stuck fast in the bottomless Abyss of evil And notwithstanding that Heresie first corrupted the minds of the People they being still the first that are swept away with a Plague yet in a short space it made way through the Commons seized upon some of the greatest Lords and came into the Court it self where it infected many persons of quality as that which was likely to be serviceable to the factious Nobility for winning the peoples hearts and drawing them to make head against their Competitours that grew still more powerfull with the King For Mary stuart Queen of Scots of the House of Guise by her Mother being married to Francis the second much advanced the greatness of the Guises For the King but fifteen years old had use of others service and these were fit to be employed Especially Francis Duke of Guise and his brother Charles Cardinal of Lorain he being an experienced fortunate Commander abroad and a prudent man at home this eminent for a generall Scholar deeply
learned but particularly of a subtil elocution and a Majestick kind of presence But the more these Princes by their own worth and the Queens favour were advanced the more must others necessarily be discontented that either had been or hoped to be the first in favour Principally the Bourbons and the Colligny not to name Momorancys that bore spleen to the Guises but with more civility Indeed Anthony of Bourbon besides his being the first Prince of the bloud took upon him in the right of his wife Ioan Alibret the title of King of Navarre He was a man equally tempered for the Arts of War and Peace but immoderate in his pleasures and therefore unfit to establish a Dominion Much more fierce and cunning was his brother Lewis Prince of Condè constantly engaged and exercised in the War yet with much more courage and confidence then either strength or knowledge Gaspar Colligny and his brother Andelot were of like nature but because he was Admiral of the French seas and this Lieutenant Genera◠of the Foot they were likewise in high esteem These which I have named with others of inferiour quality though there was no tie of friendship among them yet because they were all concerned in one common Interest easily conspired together And the Engine wherewith they meant to ruine the power of the Guises was by protecting the Hereticall Party who they knew hated the very name of Guise Especially some of them having now forsaken the old Religion desired to appear not onely Patrons of the Sectaries but likewise of the Sect. Among which none more boldly professed and maintained Heresie then Ioan Alibret wife to Bourbon and onely daughter to Margaret of Vallois and Henry King of Navarre This Lady because she saw her self deprived of her Kingdome of which Ferdinand the Catholick King had by arms dispossessed Iohn her grandfather excommunicated by the Bishop of Rome was transported with so implacable an hatred unto Rome and Spain and consequently to the Romane Religion which she knew the Spanish so much tendered that she spared no pains nor cost to bear down the Popes Authority and the Catholick Faith in France Heresie therefore supported by these eminent persons spread it self so far over the whole Kingdome that Henry King of France whose Armies were kept in action by the Spaniards in the Low-countreys concluding a Peace with King Philip withdrew his forces and cares to compose discords at home which threatned to break out into a Civil War But the death of King Henry hastened on the mischief For as I said his son Francis and the Queen and Queen-Mother the more they used the faithfull endeavours of the Guises against Hereticks the more they exasperated their enemies and put them on to use the proffered service of the Hereticks to suppresse their power Which moved the Queen-mother when her daughter Isabella was to go for Spain to desire assistance from her Son in Law King Philip against the Hereticks and troublers of the Kingdome To which request she received a very gracious answer with a magnificent promise of men and money Letters from the King to that effect being purposely read before some of the French Lords to strike them into a fear did rather encrease their envie to the Queen-Mother and unite them against Spain And now against the Guises and against the King himself were scattered Libels as fore-runners of the tumults which immediately followed And the Lady Alibret earnestly solicited the Cause who remembring her old quarrel and impatiently longing for a Crown rung in her husbands ears That he must not suffer this onely opportunity of recovering the Kingdome of Navarre to slip out of his hands That he may now make himself head of a mighty faction almost half the strength of France That upon these terms he may exspect assistance from the Germane Princes of the same Religion from the English the Low-countrey men besides such Catholicks as were enemies to the Guises and by a strong conjuncture of all these they may expell the Guises out of France advance the Hereticall party and no doubt but at length they may carry that army to the conquest of Navarre But this furious Tullia was married to a milder Tarquin so as the Duke of Bourbon being cold for all this fiery curtain-Lecture his brother the Prince of Condè a Tarquin that well-matched the Lady Alibret is said to have undertaken the Advance of the Conspiracie and that he engendred the tempest at Ambois which for that time was dispersed by the providence of the Duke of Guise But new clouds of discontentments gathering at last the storm fell more fatally in showers of bloud and civil war They say in that tumult the name of Hugonot was first brought up at Tours upon this occasion It is a custome at Tours to fright children by telling them of Hugh who they say rides about the Suburbs in the night pushing at all he meets And when the Hereticks that flocked to Tours had their nightly Conventicles in the Suburbs because they durst not come together in the day time they were accidentally pointed out to the children like midnight-goblins and from Hugh by way of jeer were called Hugonots Though some derive them from another kind of original But whencesoever they had that denomination it appears they thought it a scorn to them and therefore they called the Catholicks Papists But these are onely names I proceed to the matter as it is recorded by them that wrote the History of those times The first designe of the French tumults was laid at Geneva by Calvin and Beza holding in that town a shamefull and barbarous consultation upon a day appointed suddenly to massacre King Francis the Queen the Queen-mother the Kings brothers and all the Lords of the Court The King therefore to curb this insolence of the Hereticks maintained by some of the Nobility for their private ends and feuds raised an army in France called his forces out of Germany requested succours from the Duke of Lorain and the King of Spain And indeed King Philip presently sent him souldiers out of Spain which were to joyn with the French Army at Limosin intending to furnish him with more men but hearing of the death of King Francis he put off his other supplyes till the next year to which time the warre it self was deferred The death of King Francis was attended with a great alteration in the state For the Bourbons one of which was condemned to loose his head and hourly exspected the executioner and the other banished the Court and generally thought to be oppressed in his brothers ruine were presently made the disposers of the Kingdome the administration thereof being come into the hands of the Queen-mother of the house of Medices who was to govern for King Charles a child of ten years old The Prince of Condè was restored by Proclamation to his
any man or plunder of any house though the Wealth of the Towne was a great Temptation their Contumacy meriting Destruction The Generall went to their Court and first according to his Instructions disarmed the Townsmen and tooke from the City their Cannon which were 50 and all the rest of their Munition Then he caused Inquiry to be made for the Boutefeu's and Ringleaders of the Rebellion with the Hereticall Preachers and immediately laid 36 Principall rebels by the Heels but could not take any one Minister for they were slipt out of the Towne though the Ports had presently been shut up or guarded with Souldiers but being apprehended at St Amands they were brought back and committed to prison Afterwards the Citisens were beheaded their Teachers and some of their Souldiers hanged Lastly the Magistrates and Treasures and all other publique Officers were removed from their places their Charter and Priviledges forfeited till the King pleased to restore them The Governesse writing all these Particulars to the King and annexing a List of the Commanders and Souldiers Names that had done most gallant Service in the Siege humbly craved Leave to remunerate their Valour and Fidelity out of Delinquents Estates that the Souldiers might reap the Fruit of their Victory and Modesty and others be taught their duty Valenciens being in this manner settled and all consecrated Places restored to their pious Vses the Bishop of Arras likewise sent for out of Artois and eight Companyes charged vpon the Towne that He might keep the people in the feare of God and they in Obedience to the King it was wonderfull to see what a glorious name Norcarmius had got and what an alteration it made among the Rebels and Hereticks of all degrees when they heard Valenciens was taken insomuch as it was commonly reported that in this one Town were found the keyes of all the other Cityes In the meane while her Excellence receiving a new expresse signifying that Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was to come a little before his Majesty Whilst in the Lowcountryes all went as well as she could wish she thought it best to press what she had long since designed a Protestation from the Magistrates and all Officers of Peace and Warre wherein they should sweare without exception to obey any that should bee appointed in the Kings name Which she did not to sound any ones mind for she could well distinguish the Kings Friends and Enemyes nor in hope to oblige the Vnfaithfull which she knew was not to be done by any Tye but that shee might with lesse envy displace such men as should refuse the Oath or put them to death if they broke their Faith by which meanes the King at his coming might finde all parts of the Lowcountryes pacifyed The Governesse set this afoote in the begining of the yeare and acquainting the Senate with it told them she would take it as a speciall Service if the Lords would give Example which the rest would easily follow The first that Voted for it and promised to take the Oath was Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt then the Duke of Areschott and the Counts Egmont Mela and Barlamont who afterwards performed what they then promised But Henry Brederod whom the Governesse by expresse Messengers and afterwards by Letters vrged to take this Oath of Allegeance as he that was both the Kings Subject and a Commander under him of a 100 horse of those 1400 raised for the Saftety of the Provinces a great while kept off at last because he was commanded to lay downe his Commission complaining that he was unworthily and injuriously dealt with refused the Oath and sent back the Horse The Oath was likewise refused but with more Civility by the Counts Hochstrat and Horne because they said they had sworne their Allegeance some yeares before and that they hoped was sufficient Hochstrat was at Antwerp Lieutenant Governour there for the Prince of Orange who was then in Holland and from this City gave Orders for Machlin whereof he was Governour in his owne right Therefore her Excellence that had long had an eye upon Hotchstrat as a man not to be trusted gave away the Government of Machlinâ—o â—o the Lord Semer one that was sound in Religion and Fidelity and wrote to Hochstrat how she had provided for that City which the Gheuses having lately had a plott upon it required a Governour that should be there resident Hochstrat as if he Vnderstood not the Governesses Anger lest he should seeme likewise sensible of his owne Offence in his Answer gave her infinite thanks that she had then eased him of that burden only whether he should lay down his Commission before the Senate of Machlin or by Letter signify so much unto them he expected her Highnesses Commands and if she further pleased to substitute another at Antwerp in absence of the Prince of Orange he should take that also for a speciall Favour But writing to Count Mansfeldt he layd aside dissimulation For when the Governesse had returned that she better liked his writing to the Machliners about the Resignation of his Government that Count Mansfeldt at the same time wrote him a Letter to the same effect counselling Hochstrat as his Kinsman for they were married to two Sisâ—ers of the Momorancyes Hochstrat to Elionor and Mansfeldt to Mary by all meanes to pacify the Governesse he answered jeeringly That he was much bound to him who having so many Imployments whereby he much eased the Dutchesse in her Government could yet descend so farre as to thinke of his poor Kinsman and to Vouchsafe him his Advise which Advise notwithstanding he needed not knowing well enough what was to be done In the meane time he joyed him of those great Imployments which shortly would be increased beyond his ambition by the coming of so many Whelps out of Spaine and Italy The businesse with the Prince of Orange went slowlyer on and with more trouble For he refusing the Oath among other Passages wrote to the Governesse that she would please to appoint a Governour for Holland Zeland and Burgundy since he understood it was the Kingâ—s Pleasure that he should resigne This held the Governesse in Suspense because she was not willing he sould declare himselfe an Enemy before she had sufficient Forces to subdue him She therefore sent to Antwerp Iohn Baptista Bertius her Secretary that found the Prince of Orange onely imployed about his private Occasions and having presented his Letters of Credence from the Governesse He made it appeare by many Arguments that the Prince of Orange's determination to resigne his Commands could not be approved either by the Governesse or any of the Lords not only because it would be disadvantageous to the Lowcountryes and dishonourable to the Prince of Orange himselfe but likewise because such kind of Governements confer'd by the
but likewise from all the Calvinists of France as from a Plantation of Geneva especially from the Prince of Conde Head of the Faction Who gâ—ad of that Occasion to make Levies promised and sent Assistance to Geneva under the Command of Mombrune And the Prince himselfe with Gaspar Colligny began their publique Musters in France preteÌ„ding to King Charles a feare the Spaniards that accounted them as Enemies had a designe to take them unprepared Nay they would have perswaded the King to raise an Army and not let slip such an Opportunity as fairer could not be to revenge himselfe of a Nation that ever hated France It was true that the Spanish Army both for the Goodnesse of Souldiers and Noblenesse of Commanders was a most select and considerable one yet in their passage through the Straits and over the Mountaines on the one side by the French on the other by the Geneveses and Swisse they might easily be distressed and cut off And then all King Philip's Spanish and Italian Forces being overthrowne as it was not to be doubted but either a way might be opened to recover Millaine left naked of old Souldiers or it was but marching into the Lowcountreys and that people willingly would receiue the French to whose Armes they must acknowledge themselves obliged for their delivery from the Spanish But if neither of these Projects tooke effect yet certainely for many years a warre was not to be feared from those that having lost such an army could not in a long time recruite The Prince of Conde added that if it would please the King to raise forces for that warre he would bring his Maiesty 50000 men Thus under a specious colour for the publick safety they offered his Maiesty the Army which they had privately designed for their Rebellion like true Hugonots who call that the Kings Security which is indeed his Captivity But the French King knowing what they aymed at lest by provoking a Potent Prince he might at one time be ingaged in a Forreine and Civill Warre replyed it was neither agreable to the Honour nor Valour of the French to circumvent a King neare to him in Affinity and Freindship But to secure his Kingdome from the Spaniards in their March he would giue Order for the raising of a new Army Withall he signified to King Philip the Condition of his Civill Discords by reason whereof he could not promise Security to his Forces if they came And now the Duke of Alva transported in the Galleys of Andrea Doria and Cosmo Duke of Florence with his new Spanish Souldiers that were to supply the old Italian Garrisons arrived at Millaine where falling into a Feauer he was forced to remaine At which time upon notice of the Army which the Duke of Alva was to bring into the Lowcountryes and that the King himself would follow for so it was reported the Governesse endeavoured to disswade his Maiesty from coming in a Warlike manner which would be of no use but to imbroile the Provinces againe That the Lowcountreys were at present in a peaceable condition returned to their Religion and Obedience nor wanted they strength and Men by which as this Condition was acquired so it might be preserued and increased by the King's presence if he came alone but if he brought a new and mighty Army what would it import but great Expences to the King and noe lesse Poverty to the Lowcountryes Vpon the very Rumour of a forreine Army diverse Tradesmen and Merchants familyes were now departed and when they heard of the Armyes nearer Approcahes more would leave the Country because they knew there would be noe Trading in a time of Warre and yet they must pay Sessments and great Taxes for maintaining Souldiers Besides the Feare of the People that cannot but thinke these Forces to be their Executioners the indignation of the Nobility whose good Service in quieting the late Commotions would seeme to be slighted and the certaine Relapse of the Place into Heresy that would returne into the Lowcountreys with a Lutheran Army out of Germany and which out of the premisses she prophetically concluded it would cause by that inexpiable Hatred antipathy betweene the two Nations a bloudy Civill Warre for many Ages Wherefore she earnestly beseeched his Majesty that laying aside this unseasonable Designe of Armes he would come peaceably into the Provinces more like a father then a King and that by his presence and Wisdome he would add to these happy Beginnings what was only desirable Continuation This Letter the Governesse sent by an Extraordinary Gaspar Robley Lord of Bill and Governour of Philipvill that being presented by a person of Honour it might have more Authority with the King But it neuer moved him who replyed his Army should come into the Lowcountreys for no other End but to establish peace And this was writ to the Governesse in the King's name by Rui Gomez a Sylva Prince of Ebolo who likewise sent her Excellence Newes of the Marquesse of Bergen's Death which happened in the Kings Absence from Madrid Iohn Glimèe Marquesse of Bergen Op Zoom a City in the farthest part of Brabant was the last yeare sent from the Low-countreys into Spaine with Florence Momorancy Lord of Montin nor was his Embassy very well received the King being excessively inraged at the Violation of their Churches and Defection of their Cityes Therefore the Marquesse begging leave to returne very often but still in vaine because the Governesse had privately advised the King not let the Embassadours goe so long as the Troubles lasted when he had now sufficiently discovered the Plot upon him both by his Delayes at Court and his mock-hopes as if he should every day returne into the Low-countryes with the King weary of the Imployment and struck with the Duke of Alva's being chosen Generall he fell sick and despairing of his Recovery sent for the Prince of Ebolo his old Friend to whom they say he grievously complained of the King and prayed he would deliver to his Majesty these words from a dying man that should no more speake for himselfe That it much grieved him not only to have no value put upon the many painefull services hee had done but likewise to see himselfe suspected and looked upon as an Enemy yet he hoped that his Fidelity and the perfidiousnesse and calumnâ—es of his Maligners would once though too late appeare A while after having settled all worldly businesse on the one and twentieth of May he dyed some say poysoned as if no man frowned upon by his Prince could dye a naturall death For my part I meane not to affirme it otherwise then as a Conjecture He was equally beloved by Charles the fifth and his Son Philip from him he received the title of Marquesse this for his gallant Service at Saint Quintin chose him out of all the Low-countrey-Lords to go over with him into
for contribution from both But I conceive by that Site he intended the Security of the Fort it selfe For when all the Levell between that and Holland lyes so much lower that the River is kept off by huge Piles of wood lest it should overflow the Fields and Villages it had been very inconsiderate to have fortified where the Enemy tearing up the Wood-piles the very water would have besieged the Place and have forced it to yield To which danger it is not subject being seated on the higher ground Though afterwards when the Low-countreys were divided and Holland brought into the power of the Enemy that fell out which was not at first thought of the Advantage of bringing into the Fort Supplyes out of the Provinces in obedience to the King of Spaine At the same time from the councell of Twelve nominated by Alva to determine without Appeale the causes of all Delinquents in the late Tumults by reason of their frequent Sentences of Death called the Councell of Bloud William Nassau Prince of Orange Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat Florence Pallantius Count Culemburg William Count Bergen Henry Brederod and the other Lords fled out of the Low-countreys were upon Alva's command summoned to heare their Accusations and Impeachments read by the King's Advocate and to cleare themselves of the crimes charged against them But they presently sending a Paper to the Duke of Alva wherein they denyed his Councell to be a lawfull Court of their Companions of the Golden Fleece held it their safest course at a distance to defend their Common cause The Prince of Orange made suite to the Emperour Maximilian and implored his and the German Princes Assistance that by their Authority the Difference wit the Duke of Alva might be composed Unlesse perhaps he did it that under pretence of making his Peace the Spaniard might not looke into his preparations for a Warre Nor did Caesar or the Princes of the Empire deny their Patronage to the Low-country-men But the Duke of Alva answered to the Letters written by Maximilian and to the Duke of Bavaria's Embassadour whom the rest of the German Lords as one respected by the King had chosen to represent their Desires to the Governour that he did not this of himselfe but by command from the King and so hastning their cause to a Hearing yet expecting the number of dayes given for their Appearance when within that time none of them came in the Duke of Alva according to the power deputed to him by the King in that case to heare and determine pronounced the Prince of Orange his Brother Lewis and the rest that were summoned by Edict guilty of High Treason and confiscated their Estates Likewise he put a Spanish Garrison into Breda a Towne of the Prince of Orang'es and taking his Son Philip-William a Child of thirteene yeares old from the Vniversity of Lovaine where he was a Student sent him into Spaine where under the name of Catholique Education the name of Hostage was concealed This the Prince of Orange seemed passionately to resent execrating with continuall and publique Exclamations the cruelty used to a boy of thirteen whom neither his own Innocence nor the priviledges of the Vniversity of Lovaine could protect from Injury Yet many upon very good Grounds conceived his Son's Captivity was pleasing to this subtill Prince measuring all things by his own Advantage For if the King of Spaine prevailed and consequently he himselfe should lose all he had yet his Majesty might be mercifull to the boy bred up a Spaniard but if as he hoped it should otherwise fall out he had a younger Son Maurice Companion in his Father's Fortune and Heire to his Estate By the said Councell of twelve all such were particularly condemned as the Duke of Alva upon Examination by Inquisitours sent through the Provinces found to have violated Churches or holy Pictures or to have assembled at Sermons Consistoryes and turbulent meetings or to have conspired against the King either by wearing Cognizances and owning the names of Gheuses or by taking Armes or lastly by assisting the Rebells with their Endeavours Counsels or Forces Yet the wiser sort thought this to be an unseasonable Course and that rather till the Heads had been cut off the Body should have been gently handled and laid in a sleepe lest if it should be in motion that agility might easily decline the blow made at the head With the like fury the Duke of Alva commanded them to pull down Culemburg-House Where the Gheuses first received their Denomination and upon the place setting a Marble-pillar writ upon the Basis as a monument to posterity in foure Languages these words In this Area stood the House of Florence Pallantius ruined in memory of the execrable Treason hatched therein at sever all times against Religion the Roman Catholique Church their King and Countrey This Spectacle was rendred more horrid by the late newes from Spaine that Prince Charles was imprisoned by the King his Father's command and that Florence Momorancy sent as you have heard into Spaine by the Governesse was by warrant from the King a Prisoner in Segovia It was thought the same objections were against him that were against his Brother Count Horne but the Prince lost himselfe by his Favours to the Low-countrey-men Indeed the Judgement upon Montiny was certainly known he being condemned a yeare after to lose his Head but the cause of Prince Charles his Death which hapned in this yeare the more uncertaine and obscure it was the more litigiously do Writers strive to examine it most men having a naturall Ambition to search into Secrets and passe by things before their eyes Whatsoever I my selfe have by my Industry discovered that concernes Prince Charles I shall impartially unfold not regarding the conceptions of others Charles prince of Spaine was of a furious and violent nature and noted to be so from his Childhood at which time being presented by some Hunters with Levorets he killed them with his owne hands that he might have the pleasure of seeing them gaspe and dye The Venetian Embassadoâ—r tooke notice thereof and from thence made a Iudgment of the Child 's barbarous inclination with as much probability as long agoe the Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes This I have read in the Letters touching the Affayres of Spaine writt by the said Embassadour to the Senate of Venice And the Prince himselfe dayly manifested the truth of these coniectures by his cruell and monstrous disposition not being at many times Master of himselfe as the Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Nuntio affimed writing to Cardinall Alexandrino And the Child grew more headstrong by reason of his Father's absence and the indulgence of Maximilian King of Bohemia who with his Queene Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth governed Spaine for King Philip. This his Granfather Charles the
among the rest had impeached and condemned the Prince of Orange then he joyned the common cause as he strove to make it with his owne and openly tooke up Armes safe in point of reputation because there was one to whose execrated name the Warre would be imputed But the Cities being terrified with the suddaine punishment inflicted by the Duke the Prince of Orange found by experience that in the new Impression of a feare whose first Fit is the strongest and by continuance lessens till it be shooke off it is to no purpose so long as the humour that hath weakened the people is undigested to sollicit them to rebell But when the Cities as well those that continued faithfull to the Spaniard as those that stood suspected were pressed to pay Taxes the hatred of the Generality increasing overcame their Feare the people growing more confident when they heard that the Duke of Alva must be gone Then the Prince of Orange knew his time was come for maturing a Rebellion and founding of that Government which he had long designed Therefore whilst Alva fixt all his Care upon raising the Taxes the Prince of Orange laid hold of the opportunity to draw the people from their obedience to the King and incouraged by the secret Intelligence which he had with many Townes ready to revolt levied Souldiers at his leisure and kindled such a fire of Warre in the Low-countreys as for so many yeares space could never be put out with the ruines of battered Cities nor extinguished with a torrent of bloud The Warre was begun upon the Sea of Holland as if they had now already found their strength and were sensible from the very first in what part they should establish their Dominion And notwithstanding this Rebellion was often intended and attempted by the Gheuses as well those of Corporations called the City Gheuses as the High-way-men called the Wood Gheuses yet the Water Gheuses for so they were commonly called were they whose fortunate Audacity carried it The Commander in chiefe of these Water Gheuses was Count William a Marcha Baron of Lumè professing his enmity to the Duke of Alva in his Colours wherein was painted ten pieces of money to inflame the fury of his men by putting them in mind of the tenth part The first that tooke Commissions with him were William Blosius Treslong Lancelot bastard Son to Brederod Bartholomew Entese Sonoi and diverse others These had Letters of Mart from the Prince of Orange and orders to scoure and rob the Sea-Coast of Holland and Friezland And out of hatred to the Spaniard and desire of Free-boote whereof the Prince of Orange was to have a fifth part they executed their Orders and robbed from the mouth of the Ems to the English narrow Seas where if at any time they met with Ships too strong for them or fled before a Tempest they commonly secured themselves in some English Harbour But the Queene her selfe refusing to protect them as common Enemies upon request made to her by the Duke of Alva they having boarded and taken a Biscaner were by tempest driven into Vorna an Isle of Holland the People supposing them to be Merchants cast upon that Coast by the Storme Where imboldened by their late perills they fell upon the Brill a Port-towne of Zeland and before the Townsmen were aware that they brought Warre not Merchandise with unimaginable successe no man resisting they tooke the Place upon Palme-Sunday and Lumè leading them on broke the Saintes Images in pieces and omitting no kind of Irreverence to holy things or Orders so fortified the Ports that when Count Bolduc Governour of Holland by Alvas Command came against them they not only gave him a strong Repulse but likewise Willam Treslong with incredible Confidence fired some of his Ships accidentally severed from the Fleete Vpon report of the taking of this Isle as if the Scarlet Colours had beene hung out for Signall of battaile to the Provinces t is not to be told what wonderfull changes through all the Low-countreys immediately insued For many Cityes favoured the Covenanteers some invited them others stood neutrall and would neither admit of Alva nor revolt from the King A few were sensible of their Allegeance and tooke armes for the Spaniard Dort the Chiefe City of Holland when Count Bolduc fled thither and demanded entrance for his men it being cunningly given out that the Spaniards were upon their March to distraine for the tenth part would not let him in but shut their Gates against him as an enemy Vlushing a port Towne of Zeland and the bulwarke of the Ocean upon an Exhortation at Masse made to them on Easter day in the morning by the Parish Priest who hated the Spaniard perswaded them to maintaine their Liberty turned out the Spanish Garrison with such a popular fury as they hanged Colonell Alvarez Pacecho Kinsman to the Duke of Alva at Treslong's request in revenge as hee said of his Brothers death foure yeares before beheaded by Alva's Order and the Hereticks themselves were earnest to have him put to death that Vlushing might not hope for pardon from the Governour 's just Anger A while after Enchuysen lying over against Friezland which among the chiefe Ports of Holland had till then continued loyall revolted from the Duke Enchuysens example was follwed by Horne Alcmar Edam and other Townes of North-Hollandt And in South Hollandt Goude Oudewater Leyden Gorcom So that besides Amsterdam and Schoonhoven that were still faithfull to the Spaniard the Duke of Alva lost almost all Holland and a great part of Zeland which had so shaken off the terrour of his name that they wrote publique Libells against him and assoone as Brill was taken pictured him with a paire of Spectacles put upon his Nose by Lumè standing behind his back for the Low-Duch call Spectacles Brills and they have a jeering Proverb when they hamper a man that they put Spectacles on his nose and a Snaffle in his mouth These Figures therefore signifyed that Alvas Severity was now bridled But they that made them little dreamed what a world of Mischiefe hung over their heads in the hand of this great Generall one that despised such ridiculous toyes And though some of the Cityes I have named wavered at the very first resolved to rebell not resolved to whom they should submit yet partly despairing out of the greatnesse of their crimes committed against the Church and Churchmen partly out of an obstinate determination never to indure the new Taxes they finally came in to the prince of Orange and as if he had beene their Kinge Lumè moving it tooke an oath of Fidelity to him From him they received their Garrisons Shipping and Armes he disposed of all places of Government made Lawes bestowed an ordered the Revenues taken from the Clergy such Multitudes out of France and Great Britaine flocking
the thickest of those that fought his voice his hand and even his presence was very much conducing to the Victory though his wound festring upon the cold he tooke his recovery was despaired of and it had like to have cost his life Ienlis they say lost twelve hundred men the Spaniards no more but thirty Ienlis himselfe and six hundred of his Souldiers whereof about six score were Gentlemen coming into the Spaniards hands part were imprisoned in the Forts next adjoyning and the rest hanged up Such as fled out of that unfortunate battaile and hid themselves in the Woods were by the Countrey people whom they had cruelly used awhile before with like cruelty murdered But Federico whose name grew glorious from that Field returned with his Victorious Army to the next Village to give publique thankes to Saint Leocadia Patronesse of Toledo whose body at that time was there preserved spending the day in warlike pompe And to fill Spaine with the newes the Duke as haughty in Ostentation as in Action sent Captaine Bobadilla to the King to gratulate his Majesty for the victory won by his Majesties Armes and Influence In the meane time the Prince of Orange animated with fame and hope of the rebellious Provinces was the more confident to march the second time against the Duke of Alva and bringing into the Field 6000 Horse and 11000 Foote in the beginning of Iuly passed the Rhine and the Mose storming Ruremond in a cruell manner entred Brabant forcing a passage into Haynolt to relieve his Brother Lewis In the way he traversed his ground to Lovaine a City faithfull to the King but forbare to use violence against it upon the Receipt of 16000. Crownes Mechlin having a while before refused a Spanish Garison and therefore unable to make resistance yielded The same fate had Nivell Diest Sichem Thienen and other Townes that either out of Feare or Love submitted to the Rebells Bruxells constant to their Loyalty kept out the the Prince of Orange Dendermund and Oudenaerd were stormed and plundered Many Villages not strong enough to resist redeemed themselves with money And indeed the Lowcountreys if ever at this time were truly miserable being invaded by forren Armyes by Sea and land The Sea-coast was spoiled and harressed by Lumè The parts bordering upon France by Lewis of Nassau Those confining upon Germany by Count Bergen and the Inland-Countrey by the Prince of Orange Nor did they only take Townes kill such as made resistance and rob houses with the Licentiousnesse and Avarice of Souldiers but with barbarous Inhumanity spared no age nor modesty tyrannizing over the Rest and Monuments of the dead which they spleened as much as the Living especially holy things and Persons no money could buy the Lives of Priests but with exquisite and shamefull cruelty they were tortured to death Some Writers expressely describe this Priest-Shambles which the Gheuses and and Lumè of all the Gheuses the bloudyest Butcher set up in many Cityes with as much glory to the Sufferers as dishonour to the Iudges and Hangmen And though in some places the King's Army Sacrilege excepted used their Victory afterwards with greate Cruelty Yet because the Gheuses began to them at Brill and likewise contrary to their faith obliged by oath had plundred Amorsfort the severity of the Spaniard seemes to be somewhat more pardonable as done by Example I am sure for this very reason the Hereticks in their owne Annalls doe confesse the Prince of Orange's men were infamous in the Low-countreys and he himselfe that was thought at first to have taken armes for Protection of the Netherlands against the Tyranny of Alva now by making no distinction between Friend and Enemy grew to be generally hated the people complaining that they were fallen among a multitude of Tyrants But the Prince of Orange slighting the distaste of the Cities came into Haynolt within sight of the besieged in the month of August where he found the Towne straitned and as it was commonly thought not able to hold out long against the Spaniards He wondred much to see the fortification of the Leaguer no lesse strong for mastering and keeping in the Garison then inaccessible to the assaults of any that should come to their Reliefe Diverse pieces of Cannon played upon Bartimont-Port from a hill which with a worke running on the left hand and a line from thence almost inclosed the Towne many little Redoubts at convenient distance standing on the Bulwarks which flanked one another and secured the whole These Intrenchments whilst the Prince of Orange vainely endeavoured to passe being entertained with some pickeering for Alva was resolved not to venture a battaile he heard about evening in the Spanish Campe a great joy expressed by three Vollyes of Shot and the cheerfull sound of Drums and Trumpets the light of Bonefires shining through the Army whereat being very much troubled his Spyes brought intelligence that two dayes before by King Charles his Command the great Massacre of the Hugonots was executed at Paris which because it hapned at the Marriage of Henry King of Navarre afterwards King of France and Margaret Sister to King Charles upon Saint Bartholomew's-Eve the Massacre it selfe was called Bartholomews-Eve or the Parisian wedding A strange attempt it was indeed but a just punishment of Traitours conspiring against their King The Pope when he had the newes sent him from the Cardinall of Loraine set apart a day of publique Thanksgiving to God the just Revenger in the Church of Saint Lewis and published a Bull of extraordinary Indulgences to such as should pray for the heavenly assistance to the King and Kingdome of France The Prince of Orange amazed at the suddaine accident and doubting the Event of the Warre because the Admirall Coligny and the rest of the Hereticall Princes being murdered no Aydes from the King of France could now be hoped for by these of the adverse Faction held it his best course to try the fortune of a battaile with the Duke of Alva before the newes of the Massacre came to his Souldiers eares But Alva still cautelous kept himselfe within his Trenches and from thence safely battering the Towne the Prince of Orange when he saw he could neither make any impression into his Campe nor draw him out fearing lest the French Commanders the chiefe strength of his Army upon notice of the Massacre at Paris should change their mindes and leave him wrote to his Brother Lewis That hee should provide for himselfe and give way to his fate and so retired with his Army to Mechlin not without some losse received as it commonly happens in a Retreate For almost 200. commanded Spanish Foot and about 800. Horse all of them so habited as they might bee distinguished by one another in the darke broke into the enemies Campe in the night and killing their first Centrees fell
Government of the Low-countreys then designed him he would not so much as come to Court but went to the house of Anthonio Perez to linger there till he found whether the King would allow him place as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State But the King that went out of Towne lest he might discontent his young Brother with the Assignation of his Place stayed on purpose in the Countrey receiving him more affectionately then magnificently at Villa Pardo And from thence exaggerating indeed not falsely the Necessity of the Provinces sent him presently into the Low-countreys His Majestie 's Suspicion also appeares by the Instructions he gave Don Iohn at his Departure The first and last whereof was that he should quiet the Provinces upon any Conditions whatsoever but a Warre so as he did it with a Salvo to Religion and Allegeance For though the King now weary of the infinite Expences of that Warre wished this might be the only Meanes of settling the Belgick Tumults yet howsoever I belieue his Majesty who thought nothing secure unlesse suspested would not have continued the Command of an Army to one person lest he should at last have established a Power irrevocable For the same reason when there was Necessity of a Warre Money to pay the Army came very sparingly from Spaine For this very reason the King's eares were open to the Low-countreymens Complaints accusing Don Iohn as longing to be in Armes Nay to confirme this Suspicion of the King 's I doubt not but the Prince of Oranges Designe was layed when he wrote Letters to a Friend in France which assured him that Don Iohn was to marry the Queene of England adding that for his perticular Service therein Don Iohn had given him hope of the free Exercise of Religion in the Low-countreys Which newes Vargas the Spanish Embassadour in France that carefully pried into all Occurrences privately sent post to King Philip. Whereupon followed the death of Iuan Escovedo as the man that put him upon it I cannot believe this of Don Iohn though sometimes troubled and crossed even to desperation Many Arguments rather induce me to thinke it a Finesse of the Prince of Orange to alienate the King from his Brother But the Causes of Escovedo's Death and the Tragedies insuing thereupon in Spaine as fitter for the Stage I leaue to Writers covetous of such Subiects Nor to any other end a newes which they heard in Spaine was the Principallity of the Low-countreys lately offered to Don Iohn For one of the Low-countrey Lords as an expedient for quieting the Provinces exhorted Don Iohn to take upon him Soveraigne Authority offering to serve him in it with the Nobility and ensuring the Event Which though it so highly displeased him that he drew his Stilletto not as once Germanicus Caesar did who turned the point upon himselfe but to have stabbed that perfidious and fraudulent man who with such impudent Counsell tempted his Loyalty Yet because this passed without Witnesses it was liable to the Censure of those that ever thinke the worst And some kinde of Suspicions no Innocence can absolutely cleare But I believe this bold and subtill Invitation was made not to bring the Lowcountreys into Don Iohn's Power but to fill the King's eares listning after such Rumours and to make him jealous that his Brother would not all wayes retaine that Modesty and that it therefore concerned the King in Wisdome to provide that what his Brother once modestly refused might never more be in the Power of his Acceptance Nor was King Philip now to be taught the Art of Iealousy being no lesse prudent in keeping then fortunate in amplifying his Dominions And Don Iohn daily found by new proofe how jealous the King was of him not satisfied by the compliance of the private life which he had so long indured Hearing likewise of Escovedo's death whom he had sent into Spaine to procure Money and other warlike Necessaryes for whose returne he had so often and so anxiously sollicited and every day finding himselfe in greater Straits deserted as he openly complained by the King and exposed to the Scorne of his Enemyes this Prince of great Spirit and hope too much remembring his bloud by the Father's side languished into a Consumption But whether besides his Griefe a poyson strong enough to kill him there might be another Dose given for they that saw his Corps found shrewd Signes of poyson I will make no Determination as in a thing commonly obnoxious to Presumptions of that Nature Though there wanted not some that watched to murther him as I am well assured by Alexander Farneze's Letters to his Father Duke Octavio And it was sufficiently evident two Englishmen being apprehended that had undertaken to kill him that very Month wherein he dyed which a while after examined and convicted of the Crime were by the Prince of Parma put to death But by what meanes soever his fate was brought about it was deplored with extraordinary Commiseration And seldome was it knowne that any Army with higher praises of his vertue mourned foâ— their Generall There were that compared Don Iohn and Germanicus together For their Beauty for their Yeares being 33 for the many battells they had fought in Places neighbouring upon Holland For the Court-Iealousyes upon them and for the Rumour of their approaching Death Others paralleld him nearer with his Father Charles the fifth Both had the same Birth-day almost the same Day of Death and like Expeditions by Sea and Land against the Moores and Turkes The Kingdome of Tunis was conquered by them both King Muleasses was reestablished in his Throne and Barbarossa outed by Charles the fifth King Amida Son to Muleasses but the Deposer of his Father deposed himselfe and Mehemet crowned was by Don Iohn carryed away among his Spoiles and Prisoners The Father had ended more Warres for he had lived more Yeares The Son in one Navall Victory equalled all his Father's Triumphs And no doubt but if he had injoyed his Fathers Power and alone commanded Kingdomes and Armies he would have made his Fame as glorious They likewise added things for the most part triviall and obvious to all Comparers That both by like artificiall Courtesyes quickned their Followers Hopes but he by bestowing Titles of Honour much increased the Nobility this remunerated the merits of his Souldiers because he had no other Meanes of Satisfaction with magnificent Words somtimes with a suddaine Expression of Ioy giving his Hatt or Stilletto to a Souldier Indeed calling every common Souldier by his name his Memory served instead of a Reward Both of them brought up fashions that added to the handsomenesse of the Body especially of the Head Charles the fifth when he came into Italy to be crowned Emperour was the first that to ease himselfe of the head-ach cut off his haire the great Courtiers following
his Fashion and Example So as the wearing of long haire esteemed so much for many Ages in one man's Imitation was by all left off And also first Don Iohn because the haire on the left side of his temples grew upright used with his hand to put away all the haire from his fore-head and because that baring of the Fore-head looked handsome in him thence came the Fashion of combing and keeping the haire up in somuch as that kind of Foretop is in some places called an Austrian Finally in the last Scene of his life Don Iohn himselfe wished to be like his Father and as He resigning his Kindomes hid himselfe in solitude among the Hieronymites at Saint Iustus so Don Iohn a few months before his death would have done among the Hermits of Mount Serrat in Spaine for ever after to serve God who as he said would and could do more then his Brother Philip. Which Determination whether it was the issue of Piety or of the improsperous Successe of his Affaires I cannot easily distinguish Nor must omit that wherein Don Iohn of Austria farr exceeded his Father Charles the fifth the Purity of Mind which his Governesse the Lady Vlloa had so inamoured him of from his Infancy that all his Life long he persevered in it and could not rest quiet if never so little a Sinne lay upon his Conscience Therefore twice every Month which was his constant course he came to Confession his Soule being a true Prince that could not brooke the basest Servitude Nay he never undertooke any Expedition or fought battaile but first by an exact Confession of his Sinnes he implored God's Mercy Which Care of himselfe in a Prince tempted to greatest license by his age handsomenesse and Place of Generall I suppose will be so much the more esteemed by how much this Piety is rarâ—r amongst Souldiers and by how much a Circumspection of this nature uses not to be alone nor unattended by a traine of many Vertues Moreover if one should adde this to his military Praises and diversity of Warres that before he had beene trained a Souldier he commanded as a Generall and to the Immensenesse of his Courage that he was never daunted by any Enemy either greater in number or reported by Force to be invincible and to his Felicity in all battailes that he came off perpetually a Conquerour at least never conquered truly wee may justly number Don Iohn among the most valiant and fortunate Generalls that ever were The day after his Death the Colonells of severall Nations contended which of them in the funerall Pompe should have precedence as Bearers of the Corps The Spaniards pretended because they were the Kings Countreymen The Germans because Don Iohn was their Countreyman The Low-countreymen disputed the Prerogatiue of the Place But the Prince of Parma instantly decided the Controversy in this manner That his maeniall Servants should carry the Body out of the Court where it should be received by the Colonells of that Nation whose Quarters in the Field used to be next the Generalls they were to deliver it to others and those againe to others that quarter'd farther off In this Order the Horse and Foote marching on either side the Corps in compleat Armour was carryed from the Campe at Buge to Namure with a Crowne upon his Head according to the funerall Ceremonies of the ancient Princes of the House of Burgundy Though others because diverse Irish Lords with the Popes Consent had offered him the Kingdome of Ireland which he would not accept till he knew whether it would be approved of by King Philip imagined out of that respect this Marke of a King was given to his Modesty His bed was stiâ—l supported by Colonells and Captaines of that Nation whose Horse followed the Corps fresh men still easing the wearyed of their burthen till it came to the Magistrate of Namure Foure Mourners attended the body Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt Campe. Master Octavio Gonzaga Generall of the Horse Pedro de Toledo Marquesse of Villa-Francha and Iohn Croi Count of Reuse this a principall Commander among the Low-countreymen he among the Spaniards each of them holding in their hands a corner of the Herse-Cloth A Regiment of Foote as the custome is went before with their Pikes and Muskets reversed coloâ—rs furled and all the other Complements of Sorrow Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma followed in close Mourning with a heart sadder then his Robes excepting only so farre as the care of the distressed Army delivered to him diverted the current of his Griefe The funerall State ending in the great Church at Namure and Don Iohn's bowells being there buryed Prince Alexander laid his Vncles body in a temporary Tombe expecting what Commands the King would send from Spaine For at his Death Don Iohn desired three things might in his name be moved to his Majesty That he would command his body to be buryed in in the Sepulchre of Charles the fifth That his Mother and brother by her might be received into his Royall Protection And that he would remunerate the Service of his Followes whom he had long sustained with hope with some reall Bounty he himselfe having not had wherewith to pay them He made no Mention at all which is wonderfull of his Daughters For Don Iohn had two Daughters Anne and Ioane this at Naples by Diana Phalanga a Surrentine Lady that at Madrid by Maria Mendona a Maide of an illustrious Family and Beauty Anne was privately bred by Magdalena Vlloa Don Iohn's owne Foster-Mother and went from thence after she was seven years old to a Nunnery of holy Virgins at Madrigall Ioane for allmost as long a time was educated by the Dutchesse of Parma Sister to Don Iohn after whose death she sent her to be bred up in a Monastery of the Order of Saint Clare at Naples But She by Command from the King was translated from Madrigall to Burgo's a House of Benedictin Nunnes whose perpetuall Abbesse she was chosen This after she had lived twentie yeares in the Cloister at Naples was at last married into Sicilie to Prince Butero Both these Ladyes in one yeare in one Month only not upon one day deceased But I believe Don Iohn among those Particulars which at his death he commended to the King said nothing of his Daughters because he thought the King knew not of them for they were so privately and cautiously brought up that Alexander Farneze to whom he imparted all his other Secrets knew not of one of these The other had long since beene discovered to him not by Don Iohn but by his owne Mother Margaret of Austria which was the Cause that when Don Iohn lay upon death-bed Prince Alexander durst not desire him to commend that Daughter to the King lest he might put him to the Blush or seeme willing by such Commendations to free his
132. l. 6. p. 24. as keth the Duke of Alva what punishment he thinks due to the Gantois l. 7. p. 39. his words concerning the magnitude of Gant ibid. and the nature of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 23. he thinks of reducing the Low-countreys into the form of a Kingdome l. 1. p. 15. why he forbare to do it p. 16. how he amplified the Principalitie of the Netherlands ibid. he meant to have encreased the Bishopricks of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 17. why he went not on with his defigne ibid. Charles the fifth Prince of Burgundy abrogates the innovation of taxing the Low-countreys at the hundreth part l. 7. p. 69 70. he prepares Edicts and Arms against the Lutberans l. 2. p. 34. l. 9. p. 42. his Decrees and Edicts published l. 4. p. 96. they are thought to be severe and breach of priviledge to the Brabanters l. 5. p. 98. they are defended l. 5. p. 104 105. qualified l. 5. p. 106. sent into Spain l. 5. p. 114. He begets his daughter Margaret at Ondenard in the Law-countreys l. 1 p. 20. and Don Iohn of Austria at Ratisbone in Germany l. 1. p. 16. with whom he is compared p. 19. he espouseth Margaret to Alexander Medices l. 1. p. 21. and after his death to Octavio Farneze p. 22. his wife Isabella of Portugal l. 10. 17. by whom he had Philip the second l. 9. p. 43. his parity and disparity with King Philip l. 2. p. 38. his daughter Mary l. 7. p. 43. he makes his Will at Ausburg l. 1. p. 10. prepares to resigne his Kingdoms p. 3. Creates his sonne Philip master of the Order of the Golden Fleece ibid. gives him the Low-countreys and Burgundy l. 1. p. 4. then all his Kingdomes p. 5. repeats his own actions l. 1. p. 4. His speech at the resignment of his Kingdome to his sonne ibid. he gives away the Empire p. 5. he sends the Imperiall Crown and Scepter by the Prince of Orange to his brother Ferdinand ibid. l. 2. p. 44. his desire to transfer the Kingdome of the 〈◊〉 to his son Philip l. 1. p. 5. from Zeland be weighs anchours for Spain ibid. The ship he sailed in after he was landed sunk immediately ibid. his words when he came on shore ibid. a suspicion that his mind was changed l. 1 p. 5. he visites Charles Prince of Spain p. 6. builds himself a house adjoyning to the Monastery of St. Iustâ—m ibid. his family and furniture l. 1. p. 6. his daily exercises in that solitude ibid. his Whip or discipline died in his bloud much reverenced p. 7. he keeps the anniversary of his mothers death ibid. he celebrates his own Funeralls ibid. falls sick l. 1. p. 7. discovers his son Iohn to King Philip l. 10. p. 17. dies religiously l. 1. p. 8. The prodigies at his death l. 1. p. 8. the years of his Government ibid. the severall conjectured Causes of his Resignation l. 1. p. 8. Charles of Austria Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. his nature ibid. not approved of by his Grandfather Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 6. his education l. 7. p. 43. l. 10. p. 18. sent to Alcala l. 7. p. 43. falls from a ladder ibid. is recovered by the help of St. Didacus l. 7. p. 43. Isabella daughter to Henry the second of France is designed for his wife l. 7. p. 45 68. so is the daughter of the Emperour Maximilian p. 68. how unlike he was to his father l. 7. p. 43. his hatred to his fathers favourites ibid. his patronage of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 22. l. 7. p. 43. his purpose to steal away for the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 44. which he imparted to some friends ibid. discovered to his father by Don Iohn l. 7. p. 44. he endeavours to fright the Duke of Alva from his Low-countrey expedition ibid. being to take horse in the morning he is in the night seized on by his father l. 7. p. 44. committed to his chamber p. 45. his infelicity ibid. and Death p. 45. the causes of his imprisonment and death ibid. He Don Iohn and Alexander Farnâ—ze compared together l. 10. p. 18. Charles Count Barlamont Governour of Naâ—â—â—e l. 1. p. 16. the asserror of Religion l. 10 p. 5. his sonnes ibid. his known fidelity to the King l. 1. p. 25. l. 3. p. 69. l 10. p. 5. one of Granvels party l. 4. p. 81. manifests his readiness to take arms for the King l. 5. p 129. informs the Governess what the Knights of the Order had designed l. 3. p. 69. when Duke Areschott and Count Egmont fell out he mediated between them l. 3. p. 72. his vote against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he gives the name of Gâ—enses by way of contempt to the petitioning Covenanters l. 5. p. 109. takes the Oath of allegiance l. 6. p. 11. is by force taken out of the Senate and imprisoned in Bruxels l. 8. p. 20 dies at Namure l. 10. p. 5. his Obsequies ibid. his Encomion ibid. Charles Boisot Governour of Zeland sent by the Prince of Orange into Duveland l. 8. p. 10. slain by the Royallusts p. 13 St. Charles Cardinall Borromeo l. 8. p. 1â— Charles Brime Count Megan Governour of Gelderland and Zurphen l. 1. p. 17. l. 2. p. 41. gives the Governess intelligence of the Lords conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. and of souldiers levied in Saxony l. 7. p. 47. discovers to her the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. his vote in Councel l. 5. p. 103. sent before by the Governess to quiet the sedition at Antwerp l. 5. p. 118. and to the Buss and Maâ—strieht l. 6. p. 2. Megen printed Mela takes the Oath of Allegeance l. 9. p. 11. beats the Covenanting Rebels out of Amsterdam l. 6. p. 19. drives them into Waterland ibid. is highly favoured by the Governesse p. 48. governs Frisland in the place of Count Aremberg deceased ibid. l. 7. p. 58. his Votive montment at Swoll in Leovard l. 7. p. 48. he dies ibid. Charls Croi Marquess of Haure returns from Spain to the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 19. sent by the Deputies of the Estates with an Army to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. commands a Wing of Horse at the battel of Giâ—â—slac l. 9. p. 50. Charles Davalo son to Vastius Captain of a troop of Horse in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30 Charles Egmont Duke of Gelder l. 1. p. 19 Charles Farneze twin-brother to Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 43 Charles Fugger a Colonell betrayed by his souldiers l. 9. p. 48 49 Charles the seventh of France his difference with his son Lewis l. 7. p. 44 Charles the eighth of France what an Oath he forced upon the Pisans and Florentimes l. 9. p. 34 Charles the ninth of France l. 3. p. 58. at Baion l. 4. p. 8â— his marriage with Elizabeth daughter to the Empâ—rour Maximision l. 4. p. 88. he desires assistance against the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55 56. his victory l. 3. p. 61. he
Centron l. 5. p. 119. What was acted in that meeting ibid. They frame a new Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 12â— They plunder Churches l. 5. p. 121. The Geâ—tlemen Gheuses consent to the Destruction of Churches l. 5. p. 127. Their Threats against the Governesse l. 7. p. 129. From whom they Extort some grants l. 5. p. 130. They are slain at the battel neer Austervell l. 6. p. 4. The Tornay Gheuses take up arms l. 6. p. 6. are defeated at Lanoi l. 6. p. 7. Are made true Gheuses beggar l. 6. p. 21. They leave their Couâ—try ibid. are receiv'd into grace ibid. Sentenc'd by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 42. The Wood Gheuses rob by the high way l. 7. p. 59. The Water Gheuses l. 7. p. â—1 Their General and chief Officers ibid. turn Pirats ibid. are forbid the English Ports ibid. Take Brill l 7. p. 12. Destroy all things sacred ibid. Beat off the Spaniards ibid. Plunder Amorssort l. 7. p. 75. Are beat from Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ghibercius one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Ghisella a Covenanter ibid. Giles or Aegidius Clarke a Lawyer of Tornay l. 5. p. 100 127 141. Giles Smissart a Lapidary l. 8. p. 14. Giovanni Baptista Castaneo Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Legate l. 5. p. 132. His Relation to Cardinall Alexandrino of the Commitment death of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. Giovanni Baptista Marquesse a Monte Commander of horse at the Battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 43. a Girle of three years old buried dig'd up again â—nd eaten by her parents l. 7. p. 10. Gisbert together with his brother Batenburg runs away is taken and executed Glime Vice-Admiral of the Belgick sea l. 6. p. 19. defeated and slain Ibid. Glime Governour of Wallon-Barbant takes the Senators out of the house and imprisons them l. 8. p. 26. is routed by the Spaniard l. 8. p. 21. His Enmity with the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 9. Glimè the Marquesse vide Iohn Glimè Marquesse of 〈◊〉 Gniffius Bishop of Groninghen or the Groine l. 7. p. 58. Godfrey Sterch Pretor of Antwerp l. 3. p. 66. Goes in Zeland is reliev'd l. 7. p. 77 78. The Sea warled over to Goes ibid. Gargni vide Anthony Gomez Figueroa Duke of Feria l. 2. p. 38. his disposition l. 6. p. 23. His vote in Councel for sending an army into the Low-countreys ibid. 25. He waits upon the King when his Majesty apprehended Prince Charles l. 7. p. 44. Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebolo vide Roderick Gonzaga vide Hannibal Camillo Ferdinando Octavio Gorcom revolts from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72. is taken by assault l. 8. p. 9. Gorcom Martyrs l. 7. p. 75. Gotha a Town l. 5. p. 42. Goude revolts from the Spaniards l. 7. p. 72. Governour vide Praefect Governesse vide Margaret of Parma Grange of Narbon a Calvinist l. 5. p. 6. Ring leader of the Seditions Ibid. disswades the Valencenians from the rendring of their Town l. 6. p. 9. Granvel vide Anthony Nicolas Graveling a Port of Flanders l. 1. p. 12 l. â— p. 53. its Governour l. 7. p. 80. Gregory the Third multiplyes the Bishops in Germany l. 2. p. 30. Gregory the thirteenth offended with the Vice Roy Granvell l. 4. p. 82. His Joy for the newes of the Massacre at Paris l. 7. p. 76. He and the King of Spain resolve to assist the Queen of Scots l. 8. p. 16. He proposes to the King Don Iohn for Governour of the Low-countryes and General in the invasion of Great Britain ibid. He sends Philip Sega his Nuncio to Don Iohn in the Low-Countreys l. 9. p. 36. with supplies of money ibid. He incourages Alexander Farneze to go for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 48. His letters to the Catholick Army wherein he pardons their sins l. 9. p. 49. His Exchange of Prisoners l. 10. p. 6. He treats with the King of Spain to make Don Iohn King of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. Gromhamberg Colonel of foot l. 5. p. 132. Gresser the Queen of Englands Agent l. 5. p. 133. Graningen or the Groine threatens to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. receives a Garrison of the Kings men l. 6. p. 20. Besieg'd by Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. strongly defended by Vitelli ibid. Dispos'd of by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 58. It s Bishop and Governour ibid. A Fort there design'd by the Duke of Alva ibid. The 6 Cannon of the Groin call'd by names of the 6 first Elements in Musick l. 7. p. 47 56. Guerrao de Speo the King of Spains Embassadour to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. Guinegas l. 1. p. 15. Guinichè vide Paula Prince of Lucca Guise vide Charles of Loram and Francis of Guise Guiralto wadeâ— over Sea to Duveland l. 8. p. 10. Guntâ—y Count Swartzenburg l. 7. p. 51. l. 8. p. 9. a Covenanter l. 5. p. 101. Commander of horse in the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58. treats in the Emperours name to make peace between the Royallists and the Orangians l. 8. p. 9. Gusman vide Antonio Ayamant Didaco Guy Brai of Mons l. 6. p. 6. Sentences in G. A Good GENERAL can never be long liv'd l. 7. p. 83. GOD is not pleas'd with those that giue out of other mens fortunes l. 8. p. 6. H. HA a River l. 1. p. 12. Hadrian Iansen l. 7. p. 80. Heresie how it was brought into the Low-countreys l. 2. p. 36. The mother of sedition ibid. What occasions it makes use of to raise Tumults ibid. l. 2. p. 42 48. Prone to Atheisme l. 2. p. 36. Teaches Contumacie ibid. slights Allegiance ibid. Heresie in France l. 3. p. 55 61 72 l. 6. p. 35. Protected l. 3. p. 57. The Heretical custome of singing Davids Psalmes in French meeter l. 3. p. 61 62 The French Hereticks assist the Low-countrey Hereticks l. 5. p. 138. A Catalogue of Hereticks inclos'd in the Kings packet l. 4. p. 83. brought to execution with various success ibid. l. 6. p. 19 20. The attempt of an Heretical Minister l. 4. p. 83. Their Joy for the difference between the King of Spain and the Pope l. 4. p. 86. Their Jealousies upon the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. The Kings Letters and the Governesse Edict against them l. 4. p. 96 97. At the promulgation of the Edict they mutiny l. 5. p. 100. They stir up the Covenanters ibid. They break from all parts into the Low-countrey Pulpits l. 6. p. 116. Three Classes or kindes of them ibid. They are permitted to preach l. 5. p. 130. They turn the Franciscans out of Doores l. 5. p. 131. Their design to send Calvinistical books into Spain l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 45. Their Consistories l. 5. p. 138. They desire liberty to exercise their Sects l. 5. p. 139. They rejoyce at the defection of the Lords from the King l. 6. p.
Emperour Charles the fifth His corps a little while after was carried to Besanâ—on and buried in his fathers Monument The man is particularly remarkable to the favourites of Princes because without the help of flattery for about fourty years with unspotted fidelity he mannaged the principall affairs of a great Court and being once outed from his fall rebounded with ease and rose higher then before because he was gracious with a Prince that suffered him a happiness seldome known to enjoy both favour and freedom to the last But our present History bears older Date The Governess in the mean time bent her endeavours to maintain Religion which she heard went to decay in many places for the King by Armenterius enjoyned her that in the first place and since then wrote many effectuall letters to the same purpose Indeed that King Philip did more then pretend to be carefull of Religion the letters about a hundred of which I have written with his own hand or in cypher to the Governess do clearly testifie Wherein he never used dissimulation as in those that were read to the Councel by the Governess but discovered to his sister without reservation all his necessities fears and secret thoughts And in these private Letters he so earnestly commends and commits unto her the protection of Religion that he plainly declares it was to be her master-care and all other Interests whatsoever should give place to it Nay many times he instructs her how to hunt out Hereticks and trace them to their holes His Majesty likewise had Catalogues of their names which I have by me enclosed in his Letters so exactly taken as every ones condition neighbourhood age and stature is to the life described that truly it is wonderfull how a Prince distracted and diverted with such a multiplicity of State-affairs could have the leasure to inquire out for the most part obscure people which a private man could hardly get time to turn his thoughts and hand to And by this means as often as Catholicks fled out of England into the Low-countreys in whose behalf the Governess wrote to the King with incredible celeritie besides his Pensions bestowed upon Priests of that Island which for the cause of Religion lived as banished men in the Low-countreys he divided among them sometimes 2000 Ducats at once sometimes more sometimes less alwayes something Incouraged by this royall bounty some Colledges of that Nation were begun to be settled to the great good of Catholicks in Spain and the Low-countreys The Governess therefore of her own accord and by the Kings command laboured to preserve Religion and having the Nobility particularly obliged to her for her late favour she dispatched letters to this effect to the Bishops and Governours of Towns which exceedingly awaked their industry And now the Hereticks were carried to prison and put to death which terrified many and those that died were often reconciled to the Church At Rupelmond a Priest that was turned Heretick when he saw no hope to escape out of the Tower wherein he was imprisoned fell upon a desperate designe of firing the next room in which the Records and Monuments of the Provinces were kept supposing that while the guards were busied in preserving things that concernd the publick he might get away He acquainted his fellow-prisoners which were nine with the plot and now the Tower was in a flame which the souldiers presently extinguished and the Priest being taken was with the rest of his companions but a little more happily executed For openly renouncing his Heresie before the multitude that was assembled to see him die twice he cursed Calvin and all the contrivers of Heresie and bad the good people take warning how they came near that plague-sore which the Devil had sent from hell to infect mankind and so professing he died a Catholick his head was struck off The Governess left out none of these passages in her Letter to the King not doubting but they would be welcome to a Prince desirous of such news But at Antwer matters were carried somewhat more tumultuously Christopher Fabricius was to be executed who forsaking the Order of Carmelites married in England and had corrupted some citizens of Antwerp with hereticall opinions When the Executioner brought him to the stake to be burned suddenly as the faggots were kindling a showre of stones cast from what hands was not known fell upon the place the Hangman seeing his own danger if he stayed yet resolving not to leave the condemned man to the people whipped out his sword and when he was half burned killed him then leaping down among the souldiers saved himself in the crowd The mutineers thus defeated of their hopes gave over for the present either unable to master the souldiers or conceiving they should stir to no end the prisoner being dead Yet the next day some of them lighting upon a woman who they said first discovered Fabricius they made a ring about her railed and threw stones at her and had killed her but that she fled and hid her self in a neighbours house The same day Verses were posted up in the Market-place writ in bloud to this effect That there were in Antwerp some that vowed shortly to revenge Fabricius his death whereof vvhen the King had knovvledge perhaps vvith some addition to the truth and manner he severely commanded his sister not to let crimes of that nature escape long unpunished And her Excellence causing one of the stone-casters to be hanged for the rest as they vvere all of the basest sort of people vvere either fled the Tovvn or lay there concealed quieted the City for the present rather by Terrour then Punishment But at Bruges the very Senate offended at the same time far more contumaciously if vve credit a Spanish Monk vvho lay then privately in Brugeâ— and sent intelligence into Spain For the Inquisitour by his Deputy the Pretour of the Tovvn delaying to assist him for fear of the Senate had sent an Heretick to prison guarded by three Officers the Senate presently commanded those Officers to be seized and committed them close prisoners to be kept vvith bread and vvater till themselves had spoken vvith the Governess and this vvas proclaimed by the Crier in the Market place the Heretick in the mean time being released a grievous vvrong both to Religion and to the Inquisitour The Senate did not in very humterms acknovvledge their contempt but posting to the Governess complained to her of the tumult that undoubtedly vvould have been raised by the Inquisitour in a City that vvould not suffer the Breach of any of their Priviledges if they themselves peradventure by a sharp but yet by a safe remedy had not opportunely pacified the peoples minds What vvas done herein by the Governess or vvhat she ansvvered to the King after she received his letters by the Monk I find not These and the like