to_o prejudice_v he_o touch_v his_o mother_n inheritance_n who_o also_o do_v not_o offend_v or_o contrariwise_o especial_o in_o case_n where_o the_o mother_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o estate_n in_o feesimple_n either_o in_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n if_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v of_o philip_n late_a earl_n of_o arundel_n notwithstanding_o the_o attainder_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n his_o father_n for_o he_o have_v that_o earldom_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n but_o they_o do_v agree_v that_o if_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o wife_n in_o tail_n who_o have_v issue_n the_o father_n be_v attaint_v of_o treason_n and_o execute_v though_o this_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o husband_n shall_v be_v no_o bar_n to_o the_o wife_n concern_v her_o interest_n by_o survivorship_n yet_o their_o issue_n be_v bar_v by_o the_o statute_n 26_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 13._o and_o his_o blood_n corrupt_v for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o heir_n must_v necessary_o make_v himself_o heir_n as_o well_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n 32_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 28._o be_v that_o no_o fine_a feoffment_n or_o other_o act_n or_o act_n hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v or_o suffer_v by_o the_o husband_n only_o of_o any_o manor_n land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n be_v the_o inheritance_n or_o freehold_a of_o his_o wife_n during_o the_o coverture_n between_o they_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v or_o make_v any_o discontinuance_n or_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o say_a wife_n or_o to_o her_o heir_n or_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v right_a title_n or_o interest_n to_o the_o same_o by_o the_o death_n of_o such_o wife_n or_o wife_n but_o the_o same_o wife_n or_o her_o heir_n and_o such_o other_o to_o who_o such_o right_n shall_v appertain_v after_o her_o decease_n shall_v or_o may_v then_o lawful_o enter_v into_o all_o such_o manor_n land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o title_n therein_o for_o there_o be_v adversity_n take_v and_o agree_v for_o law_n between_o a_o discontinuance_n which_o do_v imply_v a_o wrong_n and_o a_o lawful_a baron_n which_o do_v imply_v a_o right_n and_o therefore_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n beget_v and_o the_o husband_n levy_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n or_o do_v commit_v high_a treason_n and_o die_v and_o the_o wife_n before_o or_o after_o entry_n die_v the_o issue_n be_v bar_v and_o the_o comisee_fw-mi for_o the_o king_n have_v right_a unto_o the_o land_n because_o the_o issue_n can_v claim_v as_o heir_n unto_o both_o and_o with_o this_o do_v agree_v dyer_n 351._o b._n adjudge_v vide_fw-la 5_o hen._n 7._o 32._o cott_n assize_n coke_n eight_o part_n 27._o where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o statute_n 32_o hen._n 8._o do_v extend_v only_o unto_o discontinuance_n although_o the_o act_n have_v general_a word_n or_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o wife_n or_o her_o heir_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o conclusion_n if_o she_o shall_v lawful_o enter_v etc._n etc._n according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o title_n therein_o which_o they_o can_v do_v when_o they_o be_v bar_v and_o have_v no_o right_n title_n and_o interest_n and_o this_o statute_n do_v give_v advantage_n unto_o the_o wife_n etc._n etc._n so_o long_o as_o she_o have_v right_a but_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o take_v away_o a_o future_a bar_n although_o the_o statute_n do_v give_v entry_n without_o limitation_n of_o any_o time_n nevertheless_o the_o entry_n must_v attend_v upon_o the_o right_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o wife_n be_v seize_v in_o feesimple_n and_o her_o husband_n levy_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n unto_o another_o and_o die_v now_o the_o wife_n may_v enter_v by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o as_o yet_o that_o fine_a be_v not_o any_o bar_n unto_o she_o but_o her_o right_n do_v remain_v which_o she_o may_v continue_v by_o entry_n but_o if_o she_o do_v surcease_v her_o time_n and_o the_o five_o year_n do_v pass_v without_o entry_n etc._n etc._n now_o by_o force_n of_o the_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n she_o be_v bar_v of_o her_o right_n and_o by_o consequence_n she_o can_v enter_v and_o the_o statute_n do_v speak_v of_o fine_a only_a and_o not_o of_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n if_o there_o be_v father_n and_o son_n and_o the_o father_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o otherwise_o by_o knight_n service_n the_o king_n do_v create_v the_o son_n duke_n earl_n or_o other_o degree_n of_o nobility_n and_o afterward_o the_o father_n die_v his_o son_n be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n he_o shall_v be_v no_o ward_n but_o if_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o knight_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v in_o ward_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n neither_o for_o the_o land_n descend_v nor_o for_o his_o marriage_n though_o he_o be_v within_o age._n nobility_n and_o lord_n in_o reputation_n only_a chap._n fourteen_o there_o be_v also_o other_o lord_n in_o reputation_n and_o appellation_n who_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o the_o jure_fw-la neither_o can_v they_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o a_o duke_n during_o his_o father_n life_n be_v only_o in_o courtesy_n of_o speech_n and_o honour_n call_v a_o earl_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o marquis_n or_o a_o earl_n a_o lord_n but_o not_o so_o in_o legal_a proceed_n or_o in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o judicature_n but_o the_o king_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n create_v they_o in_o the_o life_n of_o their_o ancestor_n into_o any_o degree_n of_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o according_a to_o the_o german_a custom_n all_o the_o young_a son_n of_o duke_n and_o marquess_n be_v call_v lord_n but_o by_o courtesy_n only_o which_o title_n descend_v not_o to_o their_o heir_n a_o duke_n or_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n do_v come_v into_o this_o land_n by_o the_o king_n be_v safe_a conduct_n in_o which_o say_v letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n he_o be_v name_v a_o duke_n according_a to_o his_o creation_n yet_o that_o appellation_n make_v he_o not_o a_o duke_n etc._n etc._n to_o sue_v or_o be_v sue_v by_o that_o name_n within_o this_o realm_n but_o be_v only_o so_o by_o reputation_n but_o if_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n or_o other_o sovereign_a king_n come_v into_o england_n under_o safe_a conduct_n he_o during_o his_o abode_n here_o aught_o to_o be_v style_v by_o the_o name_n of_o king_n and_o to_o retain_v his_o honour_n although_o not_o his_o regal_a command_n and_o power_n and_o in_o this_o case_n may_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o no_o sovereign_a king_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o realm_n without_o licence_n though_o he_o be_v in_o league_n all_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n and_o earl_n by_o their_o birth_n without_o any_o other_o creation_n and_o if_o a_o englishman_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o some_o other_o title_n of_o honour_n by_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o monarch_n he_o shall_v not_o bear_v that_o dignity_n in_o england_n but_o be_v only_o a_o earl_n in_o reputation_n a_o lord_n or_o peer_n of_o scotland_n or_o ireland_n be_v not_o of_o the_o nobility_n or_o peerage_n of_o england_n in_o all_o court_n of_o justice_n although_o he_o be_v common_o repute_v a_o lord_n and_o have_v privilege_n as_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o queen_n consort_n and_o of_o noble_z women_z chap._n xv._n a_o queen_n so_o call_v from_o the_o sâ—xon_a word_n cuningine_n as_o the_o king_n from_o cuning_n by_o variation_n of_o gender_n only_o as_o be_v their_o manner_n signify_v power_n and_o knowledge_n and_o thereby_o denote_v the_o sovereignty_n due_a unto_o they_o which_o they_o enjoy_v in_o those_o day_n and_o do_v now_o in_o most_o nation_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o royal_a diadem_n by_o the_o common_a right_n of_o inheritance_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_n but_o in_o france_n by_o the_o salic_a law_n the_o sex_n be_v exclude_v from_o their_o inheritance_n by_o which_o they_o debar_v the_o english_a title_n to_o their_o crown_n there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o person_n capable_a of_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o queen_n among_o we_o and_o each_o of_o they_o different_a in_o power_n and_o privilege_n the_o first_o be_v a_o queen_n sovereign_n to_o who_o the_o crown_n descend_v by_o birthright_n
adversary_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o baron_n by_o writ_n have_v his_o original_a be_v to_o call_v that_o honourable_a and_o worthy_a person_n so_o summon_v to_o the_o number_n of_o that_o right_n high_a and_o honourable_a assembly_n and_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n to_o sit_v hear_v and_o determine_v life_n and_o member_n plea_n and_o right_n of_o land_n if_o there_o shall_v come_v occasion_n likewise_o to_o give_v counsel_n and_o advise_v in_o the_o most_o mighty_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v convenient_a for_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n unfitting_a and_o altogether_o unbeseeming_a the_o sex_n of_o woman_n ergo_fw-la have_v respect_n unto_o the_o scope_n and_o final_a purpose_n of_o such_o writ_n such_o inheritance_n shall_v only_o descend_v unto_o the_o heir_n female_a the_o second_o argument_n contra_fw-la second_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v answer_v that_o although_o the_o heir_n female_a to_o who_o such_o inheritance_n be_v descend_v be_v unfit_a in_o she_o own_o person_n for_o the_o accomplish_n of_o these_o thing_n yet_o she_o may_v marry_v with_o one_o sufficient_o able_a for_o she_o and_o in_o her_o behalf_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o this_o answer_n will_v neither_o satisfy_v nor_o salve_v the_o inconvenience_n for_o admit_v that_o such_o a_o heir_n female_a be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancestor_n unmarried_a for_o it_o do_v lie_v in_o she_o own_o choice_n then_o who_o shall_v be_v her_o husband_n the_o three_o argument_n contra_fw-la three_o if_o such_o husband_n shall_v be_v call_v by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n the_o writ_n shall_v make_v some_o mention_n thereof_o for_o otherwise_o it_o may_v well_o be_v take_v that_o the_o husband_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o in_o behalf_n of_o himself_o and_o not_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o such_o pretend_a dignity_n descend_v unto_o he_o but_o there_o be_v never_o such_o a_o writ_n of_o summons_n see_v wherein_o the_o wife_n be_v mention_v and_o if_o the_o husband_n of_o such_o a_o wife_n have_v be_v call_v to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v always_o by_o general_n write_v not_o mention_v his_o wife_n he_o be_v thereby_o make_v a_o baron_n of_o himself_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_v write_v have_v thus_o hear_v both_o side_n to_o dispute_v place_n it_o do_v now_o require_v to_o interpose_v opinion_n to_o compound_v the_o controversy_n this_o point_n in_o question_n be_v somewhat_o perplex_v by_o mean_n of_o difficult_a precedent_n for_o first_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o precedent_n do_v prove_v that_o barony_n by_o writ_n have_v descend_v unto_o heir_n female_a who_o husband_n have_v be_v call_v to_o parliament_n whether_o in_o regard_n of_o themselves_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o wife_n right_a it_o make_v no_o matter_n but_o since_o it_o be_v that_o the_o marriage_n of_o such_o lady_n give_v that_o occasion_n to_o be_v summon_v and_o such_o husband_n and_o their_o posterity_n have_v and_o do_v lawful_o bear_v the_o same_o title_n of_o dignity_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o such_o a_o wife_n do_v before_o rightful_o bear_v for_o by_o this_o controversy_n theâ—e_n be_v no_o purpose_n to_o call_v the_o right_n of_o such_o noble_a house_n into_o question_n howbeit_o second_o this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_n and_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v of_o every_o dutiful_a subject_n that_o the_o king_n majesty_n be_v nevertheless_o at_o liberty_n to_o call_v to_o his_o high_a council_n of_o parliament_n who_o he_o shall_v in_o his_o princely_a wisdom_n think_v fit_a which_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v noble_a progenitor_n have_v in_o former_a age_n likewise_o observe_v and_o therefore_o whereas_o ralph_n lord_n cromwell_n be_v a_o baron_n by_o writ_n die_v without_o issue_n have_v two_o sister_n and_o coheir_n elizabeth_n the_o elder_a who_o marry_v sir_n thomas_n nevile_n knight_n and_o joan_n the_o young_a who_o marry_v sir_n humphrey_n butcher_n knight_n who_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n as_o lord_n cromwell_n and_o not_o the_o say_a sir_n thomas_n three_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o baron_n by_o writ_n die_v without_o heir_n male_a have_v his_o daughter_n sister_n or_o other_o collateral_a heir_n male_a that_o can_v challenge_v the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a baron_n decease_v by_o any_o ancient_a entail_n or_o otherwise_o the_o title_n of_o such_o a_o heir_n female_a have_v heretofore_o be_v allow_v as_o by_o the_o honourable_a opinion_n and_o relation_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o late_a commissioner_n in_o the_o office_n of_o earl-marshal_n signify_v unto_o the_o late_a queen_n upon_o petition_n of_o the_o sister_n and_o heir_n of_o gregory_n lord_n dacres_n decease_v may_v appear_v moreover_o in_o the_o same_o pedigree_n of_o the_o lord_n dacres_n it_o be_v express_v that_o thomas_n sometime_o lord_n dacres_n have_v issue_n thomas_n his_o elder_a son_n ralph_n his_o second_o and_o humphrey_z his_o third_z thomas_n the_o elder_a die_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n have_v issue_n joan_n daughter_n and_o heir_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o sir_n richard_n fines_n knight_n and_o after_o thomas_n lord_n dacres_n his_o grandfather_n and_o father_n to_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o humphrey_n die_v after_o who_o death_n henry_n the_o six_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n bear_v date_n at_o westminster_n the_o seven_o of_o november_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n recite_v the_o say_a pedigree_n and_o marriage_n do_v by_o his_o say_a letter_n patent_n accept_v declare_v and_o repute_v the_o say_a richard_n fines_n to_o be_v lord_n dacres_n and_o one_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o afterward_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o the_o say_a humphrey_n dacres_n after_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o himself_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v ralph_n and_o the_o reversal_n of_o the_o say_a act_n by_o another_o act_n in_o the_o twelve_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o the_o say_a humphrey_n make_v challenge_v unto_o the_o say_a barony_n and_o unto_o divers_a land_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n his_o father_n whereupon_o both_o party_n after_o their_o title_n have_v be_v consider_v of_o in_o parliament_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o and_o enter_v into_o bond_n each_o to_o other_o for_o the_o performance_n thereof_o whereupon_o the_o say_a king_n in_o his_o award_n under_o his_o privy_a seal_n bear_v date_n at_o westminster_n the_o eight_o of_o april_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la do_v award_v that_o the_o say_v richard_n fines_n in_o the_o right_n of_o joan_n his_o wife_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n by_o the_o say_v joan_n beget_v shall_v keep_v have_v and_o use_v the_o same_o seat_n and_o place_n in_o every_o parliament_n as_o the_o say_v thomas_n dacres_n knight_n lord_n dacres_n have_v use_v and_o keep_v and_o that_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n dacres_n knight_n then_o late_a lord_n dacres_n beget_v shall_v have_v and_o hold_v to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o heir_n the_o manor_n of_o holbeach_n and_o further_o that_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n do_v award_v on_o the_o other_o part_n that_o the_o say_v humphrey_n dacres_n knight_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n late_a lord_n dacres_n shall_v be_v repute_v have_v name_v and_o call_v the_o lord_n dacres_n of_o gillesland_n and_o that_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n then_o late_a lord_n dacres_n shall_v have_v use_v and_o keep_v the_o place_n in_o parliament_n next_o adjoin_v beneath_o the_o say_a place_n which_o the_o say_v richard_n fines_n knight_n lord_n dacres_n then_o have_v and_o occupy_v and_o that_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v joan_n his_o wife_n shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v and_o that_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o say_v thomas_n dacres_n late_a lord_n dacres_n shall_v have_v to_o they_o and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o their_o body_n beget_v the_o manor_n of_o jothington_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o note_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o ancient_a barony_n namely_o gillesland_n remain_v unto_o the_o heir_n male_a to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v entail_v moreover_o this_o be_v special_o observe_v if_o any_o baron_n by_o writ_n do_v die_v have_v no_o other_o issue_n than_o female_a and_o that_o by_o some_o special_a entail_n or_o other_o assurance_n there_o be_v a_o heir_n male_a which_o do_v enjoy_v all_o or_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n possession_n and_o inheritance_n of_o such_o baron_n decease_v the_o king_n have_v use_v to_o call_v to_o the_o
then_o countess_n of_o killimeak_a in_o ireland_n the_o lady_n dudley_n duchess_n of_o 〈…〉_z the_o celebrate_a beauty_n barbara_n villiers_n duchess_n of_o cleaveland_n and_o countess_n of_o southampton_n and_o lovyse_v rene_n angelique_n de_fw-fr carwell_n duchess_n of_o portsmouth_n countess_n of_o petersfield_n etc._n etc._n of_o title_n by_o descent_n and_o marriage_n there_o be_v example_n enough_o so_o that_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o any_o repetition_n i_o shall_v only_o set_v down_o some_o few_o general_a observation_n not_o sufficient_o discourse_v of_o if_o a_o king_n daughter_n marry_v a_o duke_n or_o a_o earl_n illa_fw-la â—emper_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regalis_fw-la by_o law_n and_o courtesy_n noble_a woman_n by_o descent_n birthright_n or_o creation_n remain_v noble_a although_o they_o marry_v husband_n under_o that_o degree_n also_o any_o daughter_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o viscount_n that_o continue_v a_o virgin_n or_o marry_v a_o esquire_n yet_o she_o retain_v the_o honour_n that_o spring_v from_o her_o parent_n and_o shall_v take_v place_n according_o and_o be_v salute_v by_o the_o title_n of_o lady_n if_o a_o gentleman_n knight_n or_o peer_n marry_v a_o wife_n of_o ignoble_a parent_n she_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o title_n name_n and_o dignity_n of_o her_o husband_n not_o only_o during_o his_o life_n but_o when_o she_o be_v a_o widow_n or_o afterward_o marry_v to_o a_o ignoble_a person_n but_o this_o be_v by_o the_o courtesy_n and_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a let_v a_o woman_n of_o blood_n and_o coat-armour_n marry_v a_o yeoman_n or_o churl_n that_o be_v ignoble_a and_o have_v no_o coat-armour_n his_o condition_n in_o point_n of_o honour_n be_v in_o no_o respect_n advance_v and_o she_o shall_v retain_v the_o honour_n state_n and_o dignity_n she_o be_v bear_v unto_o yet_o if_o she_o have_v iâ—â—ue_a by_o that_o yeoman_n or_o ignoble_a person_n she_o be_v a_o heiress_n that_o issue_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o bear_v her_o coat_n but_o sir_n john_n fern_n say_v only_o for_o life_n and_o that_o on_o a_o lozenge_n shield_n with_o a_o difference_n of_o a_o cinquefoil_n if_o a_o french_a spanish_a or_o other_o woman_n alien_n be_v marry_v to_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o to_o a_o gentleman_n and_o be_v not_o denison_v she_o be_v debar_v all_o privilege_n and_o title_n due_a to_o her_o husband_n nor_o can_v she_o claim_v any_o dower_n or_o jointure_n from_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n yet_o in_o some_o thing_n our_o law_n be_v wonderful_a kind_n to_o the_o female_a sex_n especial_o procreandi_fw-la causa_fw-la as_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n separate_v for_o some_o fraud_n or_o private_a loathe_n of_o the_o marriage_n bed_n or_o the_o like_a and_o so_o continue_v for_o some_o year_n after_o which_o time_n the_o woman_n bring_v forth_o a_o child_n which_o though_o get_v by_o another_o man_n and_o her_o husband_n in_o all_o that_o time_n not_o have_v enjoy_v she_o yet_o if_o he_o live_v in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o must_v father_n the_o child_n and_o if_o before_o that_o time_n he_o have_v no_o child_n that_o shall_v inherit_v his_o land_n if_o entail_v or_o leave_v without_o will._n also_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v with_o child_n when_o her_o husband_n die_v and_o she_o marry_v another_o man_n before_o her_o delivery_n the_o latter_a husband_n must_v own_v the_o child_n which_o must_v be_v his_o heir_n at_o law_n if_o he_o be_v childless_a the_o wife_n dignity_n and_o land_n descend_v to_o her_o heir_n not_o to_o her_o husband_n yet_o to_o encourage_v he_o to_o play_v the_o man_n the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n be_v such_o that_o as_o the_o wife_n have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o land_n for_o her_o jointure_n during_o her_o life_n if_o a_o widow_n so_o the_o husband_n if_o he_o get_v his_o wife_n with_o child_n and_o that_o child_n be_v hear_v to_o cry_v he_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o her_o land_n during_o his_o life_n the_o wife_n can_v make_v no_o contract_n whatsoever_o that_o shall_v stand_v good_a in_o law_n to_o the_o detriment_n of_o her_o husband_n without_o his_o consent_n nor_o can_v she_o make_v a_o will_n or_o dispose_v of_o what_o she_o have_v whilst_o she_o be_v a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n â—he_n can_v be_v produce_v as_o a_o witness_n for_o or_o against_o her_o husband_n nor_o shall_v she_o be_v accessary_a to_o his_o felonious_a act_n although_o she_o receive_v the_o good_n or_o conceive_v the_o fact_n if_o she_o be_v not_o personal_o a_o actor_n therein_o female_a child_n be_v also_o by_o law_n capable_a to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n old_a and_o the_o lord_n be_v elder_a daughter_n be_v to_o have_v aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n to_o marry_v she_o at_o that_o age_n though_o she_o may_v dissent_v from_o this_o contract_n when_o she_o come_v to_o twelve_o but_o if_o at_o that_o age_n she_o do_v not_o dissent_n she_o be_v bind_v for_o life_n she_o may_v then_o make_v a_o will_n and_o dispose_v of_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o it_o at_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n she_o be_v dowable_a at_o fourteen_o she_o may_v receive_v her_o land_n into_o her_o hand_n and_o be_v then_o out_o of_o wardship_n if_o she_o be_v fourteen_o at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancestor_n otherwise_o she_o be_v in_o wardship_n till_o she_o accomplish_v sixteen_o year_n and_o then_o she_o be_v free_a at_o one_o and_o twenty_o she_o be_v enable_v to_o contract_n or_o alienate_v her_o land_n by_o will_n or_o otherwise_o if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n the_o land_n as_o well_o as_o good_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o the_o daughter_n who_o be_v coheir_n in_o ancient_a time_n woman_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v think_v worthy_a of_o enjoy_v peculiar_a favour_n and_o respect_n and_o out_o of_o their_o great_a love_n and_o honour_n to_o the_o mother_n of_o marcus_n coriolanus_n for_o divert_v his_o fury_n which_o he_o threaten_v the_o citizen_n to_o their_o ruin_n for_o their_o ingratitude_n towards_o he_o the_o citizen_n grant_v the_o roman_a dame_n the_o privilege_n of_o wear_v the_o segmenta_fw-la aurea_fw-la or_o bordure_n of_o gold_n and_o purple_a on_o their_o garment_n they_o be_v also_o permit_v to_o wear_v gold_n earring_n to_o have_v place_n on_o the_o way_n and_o in_o memorial_n of_o the_o say_a preservation_n there_o be_v erect_v a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o female_a fortune_n anne_n of_o britain_n wife_n to_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n as_o a_o ornamental_a honour_n to_o several_a deserve_a lady_n instead_o of_o the_o military_a belt_n and_o collar_n bestow_v on_o they_o a_o cordon_n or_o lace_n and_o admonish_v they_o to_o live_v chaste_o and_o devout_o and_o to_o put_v the_o great_a esteem_n thereon_o the_o surround_v her_o escocheon_n of_o arm_n with_o the_o like_a cordon_n from_o which_o example_n it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o custom_n for_o unmarried_a woman_n to_o bear_v their_o arm_n in_o form_n of_o a_o lozenge_n which_o be_v common_o adorn_v with_o such_o a_o cordon_n joseph_n micheli_n marquez_n for_o the_o further_a honour_n of_o the_o female_a sex_n give_v a_o example_n of_o the_o noble_a woman_n of_o tortosa_n in_o arragon_n who_o he_o call_v cavalleros_n or_o knight_n for_o say_v he_o don_n raymond_n last_o earl_n of_o barcelona_n who_o by_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n petronilla_n sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n ramiro_n the_o monk_n join_v his_o principality_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 1149._o take_v from_o the_o moor_n the_o city_n of_o tortosa_n who_o in_o a_o few_o month_n after_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o so_o great_a a_o strait_a that_o their_o intention_n be_v of_o surrender_v it_o up_o to_o the_o moor_n but_o the_o woman_n hear_v thereof_o for_o the_o divert_v their_o ruin_n put_v on_o man_n apparel_n and_o by_o a_o resolute_a sally_n force_v the_o moor_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o the_o earl_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o thanks_o for_o this_o their_o noble_a act_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o honour_n institute_v a_o order_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o military_a order_n into_o which_o be_v admit_v only_o those_o brave_a woman_n and_o their_o descendant_n the_o badge_n which_o he_o assign_v they_o be_v something_o like_o a_o fryer_n capouch_n but_o of_o a_o crimson_a colour_n which_o they_o wear_v upon_o their_o headclothe_n among_o the_o privilege_n which_o this_o earl_n grant_v they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v free_v from_o all_o tax_n to_o have_v precedency_n of_o man_n in_o public_a meeting_n and_o that_o all_o the_o jewel_n and_o apparel_n of_o their_o decease_a husband_n shall_v be_v their_o own_o although_o of_o never_o so_o great_a value_n and_o these_o woman_n have_v thus_o purchase_v this_o
to_o the_o party_n for_o so_o it_o be_v term_v in_o brook_n title_n addition_n 44._o but_o a_o honour_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o compel_v man_n of_o worth_a to_o take_v upon_o they_o that_o degree_n upon_o payment_n of_o a_o fine_a but_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o these_o day_n that_o none_o be_v compel_v thereunto_o and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n wherefore_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v knight_v have_v the_o writ_n it_o shall_v abate_v because_o he_o have_v change_v his_o name_n and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o act._n and_o for_o that_o cause_n also_o by_o the_o common_a law_n not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o every_o of_o his_o tenant_n a_o reasonable_a aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o all_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o aid_n except_o only_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o grand_a and_o petty_a serjeanty-tenure_n as_o the_o law_n have_v â—een_n ancient_o deliver_v and_o in_o io._n shelden_n 131._o where_o also_o it_o be_v say_v one_o that_o write_v a_o little_a after_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o allow_v as_o a_o good_a bar_n to_o the_o avowry_n for_o the_o tenant_n to_o plead_v that_o the_o father_n himself_o be_v no_o knight_n so_o that_o one_o not_o knight_v can_v claim_v this_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n briâ—an_n cap._n the_o price_n the_o aver_v and_o it_o be_v at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o make_v more_o or_o less_o of_o his_o tenant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n but_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o chap._n 35._o it_o be_v put_v in_o contrary_a viz._n forasmuch_o as_o before_o this_o time_n reasonable_a aid_n to_o make_v one_o son_n knight_n or_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n be_v never_o put_v in_o certain_a nor_o how_o much_o shall_v be_v take_v nor_o at_o what_o time_n whereby_o some_o levy_v unreasonable_a aid_n and_o more_o often_o than_o seem_v necessary_a whereby_o the_o people_n be_v sore_o grieve_v it_o be_v provide_v that_o from_o henceforth_o of_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n there_o be_v take_v but_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o of_o twenty_o pound_n in_o land_n hold_v in_o soccage_n twenty_o shilling_n and_o of_o more_o more_o and_o of_o less_o less_o after_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v levy_v such_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n until_o his_o son_n be_v of_o fifteen_o year_n old_a nor_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n until_o she_o be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n and_o of_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v mention_n make_v in_o the_o king_n writ_n form_v on_o the_o same_o when_o any_o will_v demand_v it_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o father_n after_o he_o have_v levy_v such_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n die_v before_o he_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n the_o executor_n of_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o daughter_n for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o father_n receive_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o if_o the_o father_n good_n be_v not_o sufficient_a his_o heir_n shall_v be_v charge_v therewith_o unto_o the_o daughter_n and_o this_o aid_n be_v so_o incident_a that_o although_o the_o lord_n do_v confirm_v unto_o the_o tenant_n to_o hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o certain_a rent_n and_o release_v unto_o he_o all_o other_o service_n and_o demand_n yet_o shall_v he_o have_v the_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n but_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o statute_n aforemention_v because_o the_o king_n be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o by_o the_o statute_n 25_o edw._n 3._o chap._n 11._o the_o king_n aid_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o like_a value_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n be_v that_o a_o heir_n until_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n but_o such_o a_o presumption_n of_o law_n do_v give_v place_n to_o a_o judgement_n of_o proof_n to_o the_o contrary_a as_o bracton_n say_v sâ—abitur_fw-la presumptioni_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o sovereign_a judge_n of_o all_o chivalry_n have_v dub_v he_o a_o knight_n he_o by_o this_o have_v adjudge_v he_o able_a to_o do_v he_o knight_n service_n and_o all_o man_n be_v conclude_v to_o say_v the_o contrary_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o heir_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n either_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o father_n or_o afterward_o during_o his_o minority_n shall_v be_v out_o of_o ward_n and_o custody_n both_o for_o his_o land_n and_o body_n and_o marriage_n by_o the_o award_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n by_o reason_n also_o that_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hold_v under_o by_o any_o yet_o if_o the_o king_n do_v create_v such_o a_o heir_n within_o age_n a_o duke_n marquess_z earl_n viscount_n or_o â—aron_n by_o this_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v out_o of_o ward_n and_o custody_n both_o for_o his_o land_n and_o body_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v propound_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 3._o ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la ipse_fw-la dum_fw-la infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fiat_fw-la mile_n nihilominus_fw-la terra_fw-la remaneat_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o that_o although_o such_o a_o heir_n within_o age_n be_v make_v knight_n and_o thereby_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v esteem_v as_o of_o full_a age_n yet_o the_o land_n shall_v remain_v in_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n till_o his_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o purview_n of_o the_o say_v act._n question_n if_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v knight_n in_o paris_n by_o the_o french_a king_n whether_o he_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o wardship_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n or_o no_o for_o thereby_o he_o be_v a_o knight_n in_o england_n coke_n seven_o part_n b._n 2_o edw._n 4._o fol._n tamen_fw-la vide_fw-la in_o coke_n six_o part_n 74._o b._n mention_n be_v only_o make_v of_o knight_n make_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o by_o his_o lieutenant_n in_o ireland_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v make_v a_o heir_n apparent_a within_o age_n of_o a_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n a_o knight_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n the_o say_a heir_n be_v within_o age_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n be_v out_o of_o ward_n and_o shall_v pay_v no_o value_n for_o his_o marriage_n neither_o shall_v the_o lord_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n for_o in_o that_o case_n by_o the_o make_n of_o he_o knight_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o ancestor_n he_o be_v make_v of_o full_a age_n so_o that_o when_o his_o ancestor_n die_v no_o interest_n either_o in_o the_o body_n or_o in_o the_o land_n shall_v invest_v in_o the_o lord_n but_o the_o knight_n may_v tender_v his_o livery_n as_o if_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v premier_n seisin_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v one_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o not_o otherwise_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la do_v not_o extend_v unto_o it_o for_o the_o purview_n of_o it_o do_v extend_v only_o when_o the_o heir_n in_o ward_n infra_fw-la aetatem_fw-la be_v make_v knight_n then_o remanet_fw-la terra_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o when_o the_o heir_n be_v make_v knight_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o ancestor_n than_o the_o custody_n can_v remain_v which_o never_o have_v any_o inception_n or_o essence_n also_o when_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n within_o age_n be_v make_v knight_n if_o after_o tender_a make_v to_o he_o he_o within_o age_n do_v marry_v elsewhere_o yet_o he_o shall_v not_o pay_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o marriage_n for_o by_o the_o make_v he_o knight_n he_o be_v out_o of_o ward_n and_o custody_n of_o his_o lord_n for_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o may_v employ_v himself_o in_o feat_n of_o arm_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o may_v not_o be_v within_o the_o custody_n of_o another_o and_o none_o shall_v pay_v any_o forfeiture_n but_o when_o after_o any_o refusal_n he_o do_v marry_v himself_o during_o the_o time_n when_o he_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n and_o keep_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o this_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n chap._n 6._o si_fw-mi se_fw-la mariturierit_fw-la sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la
domini_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ei_fw-la conferet_fw-la maritagium_fw-la suum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o word_n can_v be_v understand_v when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o ward_n and_o custody_n no_o more_o than_o when_o he_o be_v marry_v after_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n note_v hereby_o that_o the_o king_n may_v prevent_v his_o grantee_n or_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o double_a value_n by_o knighthood_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n present_o after_o the_o heir_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n the_o lord_n may_v have_v a_o writ_n de_fw-fr valour_n maritagii_fw-la for_o the_o single_a also_o by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n if_o a_o villain_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n he_o be_v immediate_o enfranchise_v and_o if_o a_o ribald_a or_o a_o man_n of_o base_a birth_n and_o condition_n have_v strike_v a_o knight_n by_o the_o ancient_a law_n he_o shall_v have_v lose_v his_o hand_n wherewith_o he_o offend_v but_o in_o france_n it_o be_v ancient_o adjudge_v that_o when_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o villain_n have_v knight_v his_o villain_n be_v a_o gentleman_n he_o become_v free_a and_o have_v his_o honour_n lawful_o but_o if_o another_o lord_n have_v knight_v he_o nothing_o have_v be_v wrought_v by_o it_o for_o none_o can_v manumit_v he_o but_o his_o lord_n and_o till_o manumission_n or_o knighthood_n he_o have_v civil_a freedom_n for_o his_o ground_n but_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o it_o except_o by_o the_o king_n only_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la rex_fw-la vicecom_v etc._n etc._n sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la consensum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la assensu_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la novem_fw-la milites_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la invenient_fw-la decuriam_fw-la militum_fw-la bene_fw-la paratorum_fw-la aequis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la there_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o still_o be_v great_a use_n of_o the_o service_n of_o knight_n even_o in_o civil_a affair_n and_o concern_v matter_n of_o justice_n as_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n which_o be_v the_o high_a writ_n in_o law_n for_o trial_n of_o title_n touch_v the_o inheritance_n of_o land_n the_o tenant_n be_v at_o his_o election_n to_o have_v his_o trial_n by_o great_a assize_n or_o else_o by_o battle_n if_o by_o the_o great_a assize_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la assiza_n eligenda_fw-la shall_v be_v thus_o viz._n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la salutem_fw-la etc._n etc._n summon_v as_o per_fw-mi bonos_fw-es summonitores_fw-la quatuor_fw-la legales_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la ad_fw-la primam_fw-la assizam_n cum_fw-la in_o part_n illas_fw-la venerint_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la super_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la suum_fw-la 12_o de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la de_fw-fr visum_fw-la de_fw-fr n._n qui_fw-la melius_fw-la sciant_fw-la &_o velint_fw-la dicere_fw-la veritatem_fw-la adfaciendam_fw-la recognitionem_fw-la magnae_fw-la assurae_fw-la inter_fw-la a._n petent_fw-la &_o b._n tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr uno_fw-la messuagio_fw-it cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o n._n unde_fw-la idem_fw-la b._n qui_fw-la tenens_fw-la est_fw-la posuit_fw-la secum_fw-la magnam_fw-la ass._n nostram_fw-la &_o petit_fw-la recognitionem_fw-la fieri_fw-la utrum_fw-la eorum_fw-la habent_fw-la jus_o in_fw-la messuagium_fw-la praed_fw-we b._n qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la sit_fw-la ibi_fw-la auditurus_fw-la illam_fw-la electionem_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la nomina_fw-la praed_fw-we milit_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la breve_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o this_o writ_n those_o four_o knight_n must_v appear_v gladiis_fw-la cuncti_fw-la dier_n 79._o fol._n 103._o if_o the_o tenant_n make_v his_o election_n by_o battle_n each_o party_n be_v to_o choose_v their_o champion_n and_o the_o court_n shall_v award_v the_o battle_n and_o the_o champion_n shall_v be_v at_o mainprize_n and_o swear_v to_o perform_v the_o battle_n at_o a_o certain_a day_n in_o the_o term_n and_o idem_fw-la dies_fw-la shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o party_n at_o which_o day_n and_o place_n a_o list_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o a_o even_a and_o plain_a ground_n there_o quadrant_a that_o be_v to_o say_v every_o way_n sixty_o foot_n square_a and_o the_o place_n or_o court_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n without_o and_o upon_o the_o list_n furnish_v with_o the_o same_o clothes_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o court_n at_o westminster_n and_o a_o bar_n shall_v be_v there_o make_v for_o the_o sergeant_n at_o law_n and_o the_o robe_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o sergeant_n shall_v be_v of_o scarlet_n with_o their_o coif_n on_o as_o it_o be_v the_o thirteen_o of_o eliz._n and_o then_o be_v make_v proclamation_n with_o three_o o_o yes_o and_o the_o demandant_n first_o be_v solemn_o demand_v and_o do_v not_o appear_v whereupon_o the_o manuperor_n of_o the_o champion_n be_v demand_v to_o bring_v forth_o the_o champion_n of_o the_o demandant_n who_o come_v into_o the_o place_n apparel_v with_o red_a sandal_n upon_o his_o black_a armour_n bare_a legged_a from_o the_o knee_n downward_o and_o bear_v head_v and_o bare_a arm_n to_o the_o elbow_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o a_o knight_n namely_o sir_n jerom_n bowes_n who_o carry_v a_o red_a battoon_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o tip_v with_o horn_n and_o a_o yeoman_n carry_v the_o target_n make_v of_o double_a leather_n and_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o at_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o list_n and_o go_v about_o the_o side_n of_o the_o list_n until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o list_n and_o then_o come_v towards_o the_o bar_n before_o the_o justice_n with_o three_o solemn_a congee_n and_o there_o be_v he_o make_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o court_n and_o after_o that_o the_o other_o champion_n be_v bring_v in_o in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o list_n with_o like_a congee_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n henry_n chequie_n kt._n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v place_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o bar_n and_o two_o sergeant_n be_v of_o the_o counsel_n of_o each_o part_n in_o the_o midst_n between_o they_o this_o do_v the_o demandant_n be_v solemn_o call_v again_o and_o appear_v not_o but_o make_v default_n bowham_n sergeant_n for_o the_o tenant_n pray_v the_o court_n to_o record_v the_o nonsuit_n quod_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la and_o then_o dyer_n chief_a justice_n recite_v the_o writ_n and_o content_a and_o issue_n join_v upon_o the_o battle_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o champion_n to_o perform_v it_o and_o the_o prefiction_n of_o this_o day_n and_o place_n do_v give_v final_a judgement_n against_o the_o demandant_n and_o that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o the_o demandant_n and_o his_o pledge_n de_fw-fr prosequendo_fw-la in_o misericordia_fw-la reginae_fw-la and_o afterward_o solemn_a proclamation_n be_v make_v that_o the_o champion_n and_o all_o other_o there_o present_a which_o be_v by_o estimation_n above_o four_o thousand_o person_n may_v depart_v every_o man_n in_o the_o peace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o queen_n &_o sic_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la cum_fw-la magno_fw-la clamoro_fw-la vivat_fw-la regina_fw-la also_o if_o false_a judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n than_o the_o writ_n shall_v be_v thus_o henricus_n etc._n etc._n vicecomiti_fw-la lincoln_n salutem_fw-la si_fw-la a._n fecerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n tum_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la recto_fw-la inter_fw-la johannem_fw-la l._n petentem_fw-la &_o will._n b._n tenentem_fw-la de_fw-la uno_fw-la messuagio_fw-mi &_o centum_fw-la acris_fw-la terrae_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o c._n unde_fw-la idem_fw-la i._n l._n queritur_fw-la falsum_fw-la sibi_fw-la factum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la &_o record_n illud_fw-la habeas_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la juris_fw-la apud_fw-la westminsterium_fw-la tali_fw-la die_fw-la sub_fw-la sigillo_fw-la tuo_fw-la &_o per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la legales_fw-la milites_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o illos_fw-la qui_fw-la recordo_fw-la illi_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la &_o summoneas_fw-la per_fw-la bonos_fw-es summonitores_fw-la praedictum_fw-la b._n quod_fw-la tunc_fw-la sit_fw-la ibi_fw-la auditurus_fw-la recordum_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la sua_fw-la nomina_fw-la quatuor_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la breve_fw-la fitz._n nat._n brev._n itidem_fw-la e._n and_o those_o four_o must_v be_v knight_n indeed_o also_o the_o justice_n upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o usual_a word_n in_o every_o writ_n of_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la coram_fw-la etc._n etc._n duodecim_fw-la tum_fw-la milites_fw-la quam_fw-la alios_fw-la liberos_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la etc._n etc._n say_v that_o these_o word_n tum_fw-la milites_fw-la be_v not_o at_o the_o first_o put_v into_o the_o writ_n without_o effect_n plowden_n 117._o b._n for_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o diebus_fw-la
anno_fw-la 1498._o but_o as_o micheli_n say_v by_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n against_o pirate_n who_o for_o their_o ensign_n wear_v a_o cross_n of_o gold_n entow'r_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o the_o same_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crown_n knight_n of_o st._n paul_n at_o rome_n this_o order_n be_v institute_v by_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o in_o anno_fw-la 1540_o their_o ensign_n be_v the_o figure_n of_o st._n paul_n which_o they_o wear_v hang_v on_o a_o chain_n of_o gold_n knight_n call_v pios_fw-la at_o rome_n this_o order_n be_v institute_v by_o pope_n pius_n the_o four_o in_o anno_fw-la 1560._o which_o number_n at_o first_o be_v three_o hundred_o seventy_o five_o but_o afterward_o increase_v to_o five_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o odd_a their_o ensign_n be_v the_o effigy_n of_o st._n ambrose_n which_o they_o wear_v about_o their_o neck_n hang_v on_o a_o chain_n of_o gold_n knight_n of_o loretto_n this_o order_n be_v institute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1587._o by_o sixtus_n quintus_fw-la who_o ensign_n be_v the_o figure_n of_o our_o lady_n of_o loretto_n hang_v on_o a_o golden_a chain_n knight_n of_o the_o glorious_a virgin_n mary_n of_o rome_n this_o order_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o three_o brethren_n of_o spella_n in_o italy_n surname_v petrignanoe_n in_o anno_fw-la 1618._o and_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o institution_n be_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n and_o the_o suppress_v the_o turkish_a rover_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n pope_n paul_n the_o five_o approve_v of_o this_o order_n and_o give_v they_o for_o their_o convent_n the_o palace_n of_o st._n john_n de_fw-fr lateran_n also_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o civita_n vechia_n for_o their_o arsenal_n of_o galley_n together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o his_o galley_n these_o knight_n live_v under_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n francis_n d'_fw-fr assize_n and_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o successor_n be_v great_a master_n the_o badge_n which_o these_o knight_n wear_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o their_o mantle_n which_o be_v white_a be_v a_o cross_n of_o blue_a satin_n embroider_v with_o silver_n and_o border_v with_o gold_n have_v in_o the_o midst_n a_o round_a circle_n wherein_o be_v this_o motto_n in_o hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la vincam_fw-la and_o within_o the_o say_a circle_n be_v the_o letter_n s_o m._n from_o the_o round_a circle_n issue_n forth_o twelve_o ray_n the_o end_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v in_o fashion_n of_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr on_o each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o star_n which_o may_v signify_v the_o four_o evangelist_n as_o the_o twelve_o ray_n do_v the_o twelve_o apostle_n knight_n of_o jesus_n at_o rome_n this_o order_n be_v institute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1320._o by_o pope_n john_n the_o two_o and_o twenty_o at_o avignon_n in_o france_n and_o much_o enlarge_v by_o pope_n paul_n the_o five_o their_o badge_n be_v a_o plain_a red_a cross_n within_o a_o cross_n pattee_n gold_n which_o hang_v on_o a_o gold_n chain_n and_o this_o order_n be_v chief_o erect_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o some_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o his_o territory_n knights_z de_fw-fr la_fw-fr calza_n in_o venice_n this_o order_n be_v institute_v about_o the_o year_n 1400._o in_o honour_n of_o the_o inauguration_n of_o duke_n michele_n stelo_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o society_n of_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o enter_v into_o a_o society_n and_o elect_v a_o person_n of_o eminence_n for_o their_o chief_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a order_n be_v confirm_v and_o privilege_n grant_v unto_o they_o on_o solemn_a day_n their_o habit_n be_v a_o crimson_a senator_n vest_n and_o their_o ensign_n be_v a_o sun_n on_o a_o shield_n which_o they_o use_v as_o well_o for_o their_o seal_n as_o paint_v on_o their_o banner_n knight_n of_o st._n mark_v in_o venice_n the_o ceremony_n in_o create_v these_o knight_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o the_o knight_n bachelor_n be_v dub_v with_o the_o sword_n and_o their_o title_n a_o bare_a mark_n of_o honour_n only_o they_o be_v not_o govern_v by_o law_n or_o statute_n they_o have_v no_o revenue_n nor_o be_v they_o under_o any_o particular_a obligation_n by_o vow_n as_o those_o of_o other_o order_n be_v this_o honour_n be_v confer_v as_o well_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o senate_n upon_o person_n of_o eminent_a quality_n and_o on_o such_o as_o have_v merit_v well_o of_o this_o commonwealth_n which_o put_v the_o great_a esteem_n thereon_o their_o badge_n of_o honour_n wherewith_o they_o be_v adorn_v be_v a_o gold_n chain_n which_o hang_v over_o their_o shoulder_n to_o which_o depend_v a_o medal_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o which_o be_v the_o emblem_n of_o st._n mark_n viz._n a_o lion_n with_o wing_n hold_v in_o his_o right_a paw_n a_o draw_a sword_n and_o in_o his_o leave_v a_o open_a book_n with_o this_o motto_n pax_fw-la tibi_fw-la marce_z evangelista_n meus_fw-la and_o upon_o remove_v the_o body_n of_o 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