Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	age_n	die_v	old_a	4,455	5	5.8424	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35310	The antient and present state of Muscovy containing a geographical, historical, and political account of all those nations and territories under the jurisdiction of the present czar : with sculptures and a new map / by J.C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of the College of Physicians, London.	Crull, J. (Jodocus), d. 1713?	1698 (1698)	Wing C7424; Wing C7425; ESTC R2742	334,877	511

it from them He refused the Great Duke's Horses at his Entrance and made use of his own At his Audience he would needs make his Proposition Sitting and perceiving that when he pronounced the Name and Titles of his King Insolence of a Polish Ambassador the Boyars did not uncover themselves he stopp'd till such time as he saw the Great Duke command them so to do King Vladislaus had not so much as sent the usual presents to the Great Duke without which otherwise Ambassadors are never admitted to publick Audience the Ambassador only presented him as from himself with a very rich Coach which the Great Duke having accepted of he sent him before his Departure a rich Present of Sables which the Ambassador refused with Scorn The Great Duke thereupon sent back his Coach which he was so angry at that he kick'd the Pristaff who brought the Message from the Top of a very high pair of Stairs to the Bottom The Great Duke being highly incensed thereat yet was fain to dissemble his Resentment in the present ill Posture of his Affairs he only sent word to the Ambassador that he knew not whether this Behaviour of his was according to his Master's Order or whether it proceeded from his own violent Inclinations That if he had acted according to the King's Commands he must have Patience till a more favourable Juncture should present to give himself Satisfaction for the Affronts put upon him That tho' by his late Disgrace before Smolensko he was at present not in a Capacity to shew his Resentment as he ought to do the Event of the War was nevertheless in the Hands of God Almighty who might crown his Arms with better Success another time But that if what he had done was without the King's Order as he believ'd and upon his own Account Complaint should be made of it to the King his Master from whose Justice he promised himself ample Satisfaction for the Rudeness and Insolencies committed by his Minister Michael Federovits seeing his Affairs in so ill a Posture Peace betwixt the Muscovites and Poles thought it most advisable to comply with the present Exigency of the State and to clap up a Peace with the Poles in the next following Year by Vertue of which the Muscovites renounced all their Pretensions to the two large Dukedoms of Smolensko and Zernikow In the same Year he caused Herman Shein his General at the Siege of Smolensko to be executed with his Son and all his Kindred to be banished into Siberia by whose Death the Clamours of the People having been appeased he reigned afterwards in great Tranquility and to the great Satisfaction of his Subjects till the Year 1645 when Count Wolmer natural Son to the late King of Denmark came to this Court to sollicite his Daughter in Marriage which being opposed by the Russian Clergy who objected that he was an Heretick the Count proffered that his Chaplains should maintain the Truth of the Lutheran Faith against them which the Muscovite Priests refusing the Grand Czar broke out into a Passion saying to them Why do you impose upon us a Faith you dare not bring to Tryal A few days after going very well to Bed he was seized at Midnight with a most violent Vomiting Michael Federovits dies which put an End to his Life the next Morning being the 12th day of July in the 49th Year of his Age and the 33d of his Reign the Great Dutchess his Wife dying within eight days af●er him being generally regretted by the Muscovites who under his Reign enjoyed the Fruits of a peaceable and mild Government Some years before his Death A new 〈◊〉 starts up there started up another Impostor who had Impudence enough to 〈◊〉 the Name and Qua●ity of Basili Ivanovits 〈…〉 the Great Duke Basili Zuski tho' it 〈…〉 known that the whole Race of the 〈◊〉 was extinct some Years before For of the three Brothers that were carried Prisoners into 〈…〉 died the●e without leaving any Male 〈◊〉 and the third who was releas●d and return'd into Muscovy died a few Years before the Discovery of this Impostor without Children There was another Lord of the same Family who had one Son named Michael Basilovits Zuski Scapin who died Young in the Year 1616 without Issue The Name of this Impostor was Timoska the Di●inutive of Timothy Ankudina born in the Suburbs of Vologda in the Province of the same Name He was the Son of a Linen Draper who dealt in coa●se Cloaths whose Name was Demki Ankudina and his Mother was called Salmaniska The Father having observed something more than Ordinary in him had been very careful of giving him the highest degree of Muscovite Education which consists in Reading Writing and Singing so that he was look'd upon in those Parts as a Person of an uncommon Capacity The Excellency of his Voice and his Skill in Singing had particularly recommended him to the Archbishop of the Place who took him into his Service wherein he behaved himself so well that he bestowed one of his Grand-daughters upon him in Marriage After the Archbishop's Death having squandred away his Wifes Fortune he settled himself in the City of Musco where by the recommendation of a Friend he had at Court he was made one of the Receivers in the Office that is kept there for the Licensing of Taverns and Tippling-Houses But giving himself over to all manner of Extravagancies and Debaucheries he could not make up his Accounts which fell short the first year by a considerable Sum. To repair this Breach he had recourse to an intimate Friend of his one of his fellow-Receivers in the same Office called Basili Gregorovits Spilki him he told that one of the chiefest Merchants of Vologda a near Relation of his Wifes was come to Town and had invited him to Dinner that he being willing to shew his Friend the highest Act of Muscovian Civility intended to let him see his Wife and that he might be able to present her in a Condition suitable to his present Statio● he intreated him to lend him his Wifes Pearls and other Jewels which were of a considerable Value His Friend having without the least difficulty granted his Request lent him the Jewels without the least Precaution or taking any thing under his Hand for the Receipt of them so that when he demanded his Jewels Timoska averr'd that he had not lent him any Spilki clapt him up in Prison but having no Evidence against him he was acquitted But instead of making up his Accompts with the Money he received for the Jewels which he sold he squandred it away upon his Extravagancies whereupon great differences arising betwixt him and his Wife who had a very lewd Tongue and would frequently upbraid him with his treacherous Dealings both to his Prince and Friend and fearing that he might be called to an Account for his Perfidiousness and that his Wife might be the main Instrument of his Discovery he took a Resolution

Diameter having in the midst a round Piece as big as a Trencher which hangs on the hinder part of the Head They wear in their Hands a Staff forked at the End when they go abroad which they call Posock and serves them for a Crosier There being in the City of Musco above 2000 Churches and Chapels the first of which have at least three or four and some more Priests belonging to them it is no difficult Matter to guess what a vast Number of Priests and Ecclesiasticks there must be in that City Those that are desirous to enter into Holy Orders make their Addresses either to the Patriarch or any one of the Metropolitans the first the best where having been examined concerning their Qualifications which consist only in Reading and Writing and to be able to sing in the Church they are admitted into Orders with an Att●station of their being received into Priestood At their Consecration they are invested with the Priestly Habit as we have just now described it They have also the Hair cut off from the Crown of their Heads on which is put a little Cap or Calotte which is the main Character of their Priesthood the which they never move or take off neither at Church or any where else unless it be when they have their Hair cut The chief Respect the Muscovites pay to the Priest he is beholden for to his Calotte and good Reason why for if upon any Contest or Quarrel this Calotte should be pulled off his Head upon the Ground the adverse Party would incurr the Penalty of the Mulct called Bicestie which we have mentioned before To prevent which the Muscovites when they are going to fight with a Priest first reverendly take off his Calotte which after they have soundly cudgell'd or beaten him they put on again with a great deal of Respect Which done they are not liable to any farther Punishment than if they had kick'd or cuffed a Lay-Man The Proto-Popes and Popes or Temple-Priests are not only allowed but obliged to marry once but cannot the second or third time unless they quit their Priesthood This Point of the Marriages of Priests is one of the main Points wherein they differ as well from the Greek Church as the Roman For which they alledge the Text of St. Paul 1 Tim. 3. that a Bishop should be the Husband of one Wife And for the Confirmation of it they alledge the Fourth Cannon of the Council which was held at Gangres in Paphlagonia not long after that of Nice where all those are Anathematized who refuse to take the Communion from the Hands of a Married Priest The Muscovites are so strict in the Observance of this Opinion that their Priests must be in a State of Marriage before they are admitted into Orders Which makes those that intend to embrace that kind of Life marry very young that they may the sooner have an Opportunity of getting a Living They are besides this to marry a Maid and no Widow nor a Woman the least blemished in her Reputation And in this Point they are to be so circumspect that if the Priest the first Night after Marriage finds that the Lock has been opened before by any other Key than his own he must either be divorced from her or lay down his Calotte out of which two you may be sure he chuses the first But if the Parson's Wife stands her Trial fairly the first Night she has however this Comfort before the rest of the Muscovian Women that she is not likely to be kept under so severe an House-Discipline as the rest for as much as the Muscovian Priests hang in a great measure by the Apron-string they being after they once become Widowers not suffered to administer the Sacrament or to assist at Noon-Service when the Communion is received or to give their Benedictions to Marriages but only at the Morning and Evening-Services But to counter-ballance this Advantage the Parson's Wife has before others the Priest is under a most strict Obligation that when-ever he has given his Wife due Benevolence he must not approach the Altar all the next Day so that what with this and the great Number of Fasts she is likely to live upon very slender Diet unless the Parson be so good-nature as sometimes to prefer the Duty to his Wife before that in the Church and substitute one to officiate in his Room at the Altar The Priests however have this Comfort left them after the Death of their Wives that if they do not approve of a single Life they are free to lay down their Cassock and Calotte and turn Merchants Tradesmen or any thing else they can and so marry again If they are too old to undergo the Fatigues of the Sacerdotal Function or of Marriage the last Remedy is a Monastery where they end their 〈◊〉 There is a great Number 〈◊〉 Monasteries all over Muscovy Their M●nasteries both for Men and Women both in Cities and up and down the Country especially all along the Rivers Mosca and Oeca the most fertile Part of all Muscovy Besides the Anchorets who build their Chapels upon the High-ways and live in Woods like Hermites subsisting only by the Alms they receive from Travellers the rest follow the Rule of Great St. Basil They eat no Flesh nor Fresh Fish neither drink they any Wine Aqua-vitae or Hydromel They live only on Salt Fish Honey Milk Cheese Herbs and Pulse Cucumbers both Fresh and Pickled are their chiefest Dainties these they mince very small and eat them with a Spoon in some of their Qua●s or Small Hydromels But if they live in great Austerity in their Monasteries when-ever they go abroad which they are allowed to do both Men and Women are very forward in dispensing with the Severity of their Statutes for they seldom refuse any thing that is offered them and will refresh themselves with Strong Liquor to that Degree that it is unsafe for them to go home without good Company Here-tofore Superstition had got so far the Ascendant over the Religious Muscovites that here as well as in some other Countries of Europe they used to make over all that they had for the Benefit of the Monasteries So that if a Stop had not been put to these Extravagancies they would in Time have got into the Possession of the best part of this vast Empire But those that now embrace the Monastick Life are only allowed to carry a certain Part of their Estates with them into the Monastery being obliged 〈◊〉 leave the rest to their Heirs They do not live so retired in them but that they appear in great Numbers both in the Cities and all over the Country where they frequently follow the same Employments with the Peasants some of them also Trading in Malt Hops all sorts of Corn and Cattel Poverty Old Age Infirmities and Domestick Contests being the chief Inducements of those that embrace this Life the fewest chusing it out of a Motive of Devotion it

Defence and fearing lest they should be prevail'd upon to side with the Poles against them tampered under-hand with some of their Chief Officers who being blinded by the Muscovite Gold brought over the greatest part of the Cosacks to the Muscovite Party and as a Pledge of their future Fidelity delivered their Leader the brave Zarucki and Marina and her supposititious Son into their Hands The Unfortunate Zarucki after an Imprisonment of some Months was impaled but as to Marina and the Young pretended Demetrius the Muscovites were divided in their Opinions there being not a few who in regard of the eminent Station she had born in the Muscovian Empire and her high Extraction endeavoured to save her from the Cruelties of those who laid all the Outrages committed since the Beginning of the War by the Poles at her Door as being in a great Measure the chief Cause of their Invading the Russian Empire and consequently of all the Miseries they had endured for these ten or twelve Years last past They judged it therefore most conducible to the Settlement of their State by her Death to strike at the Root of the Pretensions of the Demetrius's and to take away all Colour of future Claim upon that Score Pursuant to which Resolution she and her pretended Son Demetrius were condemned to be thrust under the Ice Marina received the fatal News with a Constancy above the ordinary Courage of her Sex and having desired only a few Hours to prepare herself for her last Exit out of this World Marina and the Young Demetrius drownd she appeared with a very grave and composed Countenance and a Presence so Majestick and out-braving her present ill Destiny that she drew Tears even from the Eyes of her mortal Enemies She declared that as for her own part she had of late been so much accustomed to the perpetual Vicissitudes of Fortune as not to be terrified at her approaching Death by which she hoped to exchange her Miseries for everlasting Joys That her only Concern was for the young Babe whose tender Age as it was incapable of committing any Crimes so her greatest Grief was to see its Innocence thus involved in her Ruin by the Insatiable Revenge of her Enemies Being not allowed to say any more after a few Minutes bestowed in pious Ejaculations she was with her Babe in her Arms thrust into the Watery Element where she and all her Hopes were smothered under the Ice She was a Lady of an immense Ambition and of a Greatness of Mind uncommon to her Sex as her aspiring Thoughts gave place to all other Considerations so the Desire of Empire was the predominant Passion of her Soul which had made her embark in these Designs which at last proved her Destruction The Greatness of her Courage and Constancy was such as that she refused even to the last to be treated at a less Rate than an Empress And in the very lowest Ebb of Fortune such was her Ambition as to refuse the Letters of certain Friends because they had not stiled her Empress of Muscovy in their Superscriptions The Muscovites having thus disintangled themselves out of these Troubles which had over-whelmed their Empire began now to take breath and in order to establish their present Quiet upon a lasting Foundation began to consult the Settlement of the Government by such an Election as might restore them to their former flourishing Condition There were some among the ancient Nobility who sufficiently declared their Inclinations that by their late Services in having been instrumental in chasing the Poles out of Muscovy they thought themselves entitled to the Royal Dignity which was like to have proved the Source of new Calamities if the popular Faction headed by Prosowecki and Boris Sicin had not declared peremptorily that the only Means to resettle their turbulent State was to revert the Government into its ancient Channel by chusing one of the Royal Family of John Basilovits But whilst the Muscovites were concerting Measures for the Establishment of their State thinking to have secured themselves against any further Impostures by the Death of Marina and the pretended Young Demetrius they were surprized with the unwelcom News that the Old Demetrius was revived again and had appear'd in the North-western Provinces of the Empire This Impostor was of a mean Extraction A fourth counterfeit Demetrius a Scrivener by his Profession but of a bo●d and daring Spirit and a ready Tongue and subtle Wit He assum'd the Name of Demetrius the Son of John Basilovits giving it out that besides his miraculous Preservation at Vgletz and in the City of Musco he had escaped the Hands of the Tartars at Caluga who in the Fray had murthered another in his stead The Rumour spread abroad concerning this new Demetrius soon drew to his Party such of the Muscovites as had lately adhered to Marina and for fear of Punishment were glad to embrace any Opportunity to fish in troubled Waters To these there flocked abundance of Vagabonds and idle Persons the Remnants of the late intestine Broils and such as having been by the War indisposed to any thing of Labour hoped to live upon Rapine and the Plunder of the Country Finding himself thus on a sudden at the Head of a considerable Party he publish'd his Manifesto wherein he exho●ted all his faithful Subjects to acknowledge him for their lawful Sovereign as being the only surviving Issue of John Basilovits their Great Duke who having three several times escaped the Hands of his bloody Enemies did once more appear to assert his Legal Title to the Muscovian Throne Perceiving the giddy Multitude ready to swallow the Bait he directed his March to Novogorod Veliki where being received under the Acclamations of the People Several Places declared for him he after some short Stay march'd from thence to Jama and so further to Ivanogorod where the Inhabitants after the Example of those of Novogorod readily opened their Gates and received him as Great Duke of Muscovy Being encouraged by this Success to put the better Countenance upon his Imposture he resolved to strengthen his Interest if possible by some Foreign Alliances He judged not without reason that the Poles who had been so lately baffled in their Design against Muscovy at the Expence of a vast Treasure and the Loss of so many of their Countrymen would not easily be prevailed upon to try so soon again their Fortune in a Country where they had drawn upon themselves the general hatred of the People wherefore he thought it more conducing to the present Circumstances of his Affairs to implore the Assistance of the Swedes who by Reason of the nearness of their Frontiers to those Provinces where he had established his Interest were the most likely to prove most advantageous to his Pretensions In order to which Sends an Ambassador into Sweden he sent an Ambassador to Charles King of Sweden unto whom having represented the Treachery of his unfaithful Subjects against their

first his Arms and Legs and afterwards his Head cut off in the Presence of an infinite Number of People who flocked thither to be Spectators of the tragical Exit of him whom not many Month before they had looked upon as their most dreadful Enemy About the same time Maria the Empress Regent departed this Life and Czar Alexis Michaelovits was married soon after to another young Lady the Niece of Oatomon Sergoivits who having by this near Alliance with the Emperor obtained the whole Ministry of the Government acquired himself with great Applause and to the General Satisfaction of the People in this eminent Station till the year 1675. When Czar Alexis Mi●haelovits died Czar Alexis Michaelovits dies to the great Regret of his Subjects who by Reason of his great Clemency singular Devotion and incomparable Conduct during the last Years of his Reign lamented his Loss by all the Expressions of Grief due to the Memory of so great a Prince He left behind him by the first Adventure two Sons and a Daughter to wit Fedor John or Ivan and Sophia by the second one Son called Peter the same who now sways the Scepter of the Miscovian Empire He was succeeded by Fedor Alexiovits his Eldest Son being not quite Seventeen years of Age and of a very Sickly Constitut on who ●eigned seven Years under the Protectorate of Sophia his Sister till the year 1682 Fedor Alex●ovits dies when by his Death the Muscovite Empire was divided into two potent Factions which might have proved of very dangerous Consequence if the extraordinary Conduct of his present Czarish Majesty had not in a great Measure diverted the fatal Blow which seemed to threaten its Ruin CHAP. V. Containing an historical Account of the most remarkable Transactions from the Begi●ning of the Reign of the present Czar Peter till this time with some political Reflections on the present State of Muscovy in Relation to its Traffick and Strength in reference to its Neighbours AFTER the Death of Fedor Alexiovits John the second Son of Alexis Michaelovits being by Reason of his natural Infirmities incapable of undertaking the Administration of the Government was soon prevailed upon to resign all his Claim to the Russian Crown Two Factions after his Death to his younger Brother Peter who tho' very young being looked upon by most of the Boyars as the only Person who gave them all the imaginable Hopes of his future Ability to supply the Place of his Father Alexis Michaelovits Czar Peter crowned was crowned Czar of Muscovy instead of the deceased Fedor his Brother But the Princess Sophia seeing her self thus excluded from the Management of the Government of which she had enjoyed the full Advantage during the Minority of her Brother Fedor she with Knez Gailizin and some others of her Creatures took a Resolution not to part with so fine a Morsel at so easie a Rate but to endeavour by putting John in the Throne to maintain their own Greatness in Opposition to the New Czar Peter Alexiovits It is to be observed that the deceased Empress Maria Mother to John who had by his own Consent debarred himself from the Royal Dignity was infinitely beloved by the Common People by reason of her extraordinary Modesty Charity and other most eminent Vertues The Princess being not ignorant of this Advantage on her side sent abroad her Emissaries who insinuated into the People the Injustice done to John the eldest surviving Son of the Empress Maria the Darling of the People by an adverse Party who contrary to the antient established Custom of Muscovy had excluded that Prince from his Right in favour of his younger Brother These cunning Informations had such powerful Influence over the Common people but especially over the Guards that constantly attend the Czar●s Person that one Morning being headed by some of the Princesses Creatures they rose in open Rebellion declaring they would not lay down their Arms till they saw John the Elder Brother of Peter placed on the Muscovian Throne The Boyars in the Interest of the present Czar Peter Ins●rrection i● the City of M●s●o endeavouring by their Perswasions to appease the Mutiny did feel the dreadful Effects of their Fury for some had their Palaces ransack'd and pull'd down to the ground others were cut to pleces immediately others thrown out of the Windows so that nothing less than a total Destruction seem'd to threaten the City of Musco unless prevented by some Expedient which might stay the Fury of the enraged Populace For which reason the Heads of both Factions who by this time began equally to dread the Insolency of the Rabble after various Debates came to this following Resolution That to ballance the Interest of both contending Parties Czar Peter should be confirmed in the Throne of Muscovy but that his elder Brother John should be his Associate both in the Royal Dignity and Administration of the Government The Princess Sophia having thus once more by the powerful Influence she had over the weakness of her Brother John and by reason of the tender Age of the present Czar Peter che being not above twelve years of Age when he was Crown'd Czar of Muscovy got the Reins of the Government into her own hands managed all Matters under the Conduct of the Premier Minister Knez Gallizin her Creature with a great deal of dexterity for some time till at last by the removal of this her faithful Councellor being deprived of his Assistance and the Death of her own Brother Czar John who died about four years ago without Issue she was totally excluded from the further Management of publick Affairs and thrust into a Monastery where she is detained to this day The present Czar Peter was born on the 29th of May in the Year 1670 by a second Adventure and after the Death of Czar Fedor his eldest Brother Crown'd Czar of Muscovy when he was not full twelve Years of Age. After the removal of Knez Gallizin from the Ministry A Conspiracy against the present Czar and the death of his Brother the whole Administration of the Government being devolved to him he managed it with so much Conduct and Success as has rendred his Actions famous throughout all Europe which those of the contrary Faction looking upon with an envious Eye a Design was laid some few years ago against his Life which in all likelihood would have proved fatal to this great Prince if by the Imprudence of him who was to have been the Chief Actor in this Tragedy the whole Design had not been discovered before the Conspirators could meet with an opportunity to put it in execution This was a German by Birth whose name was Sickler who having a considerable Command in the Czar's Army and being extreamly beloved by him had a free Access to his Person This Man being inticed by the hopes of extraordinary Rewards even of the Crown of Muscovy undertook to dispatch the Czar the first favourable