Sublaco which Lakes Tacitus seems to call Simbrivini saying in the 14th Book of his Annals that near them stood the Villa Sublacense of Nero in the confines of Tivoli from which Lakes the Aniene running afterward through woods and mountains falls at last in the plain near Tivoli from high stones with fury and noise then it goes some space under ground and at the foot of the mountain returns all again above ground it runs through the three sulphurious veins called Albule from their white colour T is said and Strabo confirms the water there to be medicinal in drinking or Bathing and Pliny writes that they heal the wounded Nor does the Albule only but also the Albunea above Tivoli consolidate wounds Regarding the Campania of Tivoli about the Aniene you will find huge stones encreased by little and little in long time by vertue of the waters running by and in the bottome of Lakes there you 'l find of hard stones generated by the same means In this confine are many footsteps of old edifices worthy contemplation Tivoli having been a most noble City and well Inhabited through the beauty of its scite the goodnesse of its soyle and the salubrity of the aire which made it be surrounded with the fair Villa's and Lordly houses of the rich persons of that Country although now like Rome and all Italy also it lies waste and ruinated by the various warrs and successes which have destroyed it T is certain that Greeks were the builders of this City but who they were is not certain the writers of the Italian antiquities not agreeing herein yet the greater part say that Catillo was its founder who some say was of Arcadia and Captain of Evanders Navy Others affirm Argivâ—…s the son of Amfiardo the Southsayer after the prodigious death of his Father near Thebes came by command of the oracle with his family and Gods long before the Trojane warr into Italy and by the assistance of the Enotri Aborigeni drove the Sicâ—…li out of that place naming the Castle taken from them Tibâ—…re from his eldest sons name Nor does Pliny much disagree from this though he does not wholly agree with it for in the 16th of his natural History writing of the ages of Trees he saies that in his time there stood 3 Holme Trees by Tivoli near to which Tiburtio the builder of that Castle had received augure to build it But saies he was the Nephew not the Son of Amfiardo and that he came with his two Brothers Lora and Catillo one age before the Trojane warr and that he there caused the Castle to be built calling it after his own name because he was the elder in which opinion Virgil in his AEneides seems to concur but Horatiâ—…s on the other part calls Tivoli the walls of Catillus pursuing the others opinion from which expressions we conjecture that the City Tivoli was before Rome Those of Tivoli held Hercules in reverence above the other idols as Protector of the Graecian people at whose festivity infinite people resorted thither In it was also a Temple for the Sorti lotts or chances no lesse famous for their oracles then that in Bura or in Achaia a countrey of Morea mentioned by Pausanias whence the Poet Statius saies that such was the beauty of the place that even the Sorti Prenestini would have chosen it for giving their answers had not Hercules first possessed the place Thâ—…se are his words Quod que in templa dâ—…rent alias Tyrinthia sortes Et Prenestinae poterant migrare sorores He calls the Sorti Sisters for that good and bad Fortune were reverenced as two Sisters T is thought that Temple under the mountain in the way of Tivoli was that famous Temple of Hercules but this people had another Temple dedicate to the same God yet called Hercules Saxanus as appears by the subsequent inscription found in a Piazza attaqued to a particular house Herculi Saxano sacrum Ser. Sulpicius Trophimus AEdem Zothecam Culinam Pecunia sua a Solo Restituit Eidem Dieavit K. Decemb. L. Tupilio Dextro M. Maccio Rufo Cos. Euthycus Ser. Peragendum Curavit But we cannot conclude with certainty where this other Temple stood yet many agree that t was called Hercules Saxanus in respect t was built with stone differing from the other greater Temple just as the Milanesi called one Hercules in Pietra from the scituation of that Church in a stony place near them Upon the stone ariseth a certain antient round Fabrick without covering built wiâ—…h marble in rare architecture of much esteem which possibly might be the Temple of Hercules Saxanus t is near the Cataracts which augments this suspicion for that the Antients usually placed their Temples consecrate to Hercules near waters long ports and violent falls of waters to the end that Hercules by them esteemed the Protector of the firm Land might cause the water to continue in its limits and not infest the country with inundations the which Statius clearly shewsin the 11th Book of woods speaking of the Villa 〈◊〉 of his Pollius which stood on the sea shore near a port with a Temple of Hercules and another of Neptune neare it whose verses now take Ante domum tumidae moderator caerulus undae Excubat innocui custos laris Hujus amico Spumant Templa salo foelicia jura tuetur Alcides gaudet gemino sub nomine portus Hic servat terras hic saevis fluctibus obstat He feigns also in his third book that Hercules having layed aside his arms laboured much in preparing the foundations of his Temple in that place and with great strength prepaâ—…ed the instruments for digging the earth for thus the Pagans or Gentiles beleived viz that Hercules during his life went through the world operating for the publick good of Mankind what ever was difficult or laborious to be effected as not only in the taming and killing of Monsters â—…emoving Tyrants reducing unjust Lords to the terms and conditions of Justice and chastising the bad and evil ones But also in building of Castles and Cities in desert places ports and securities for shipping on dangerous shores reducing bad and irksome waies into good changing the chanels of damnifying Rivers breaking the course of the waters where requisite for preservatioÌ„ of the firm Land setling peace between disagreeing nations with just Laws opening the method way of dealing and negotiating between people far eloigned from one another and insum reducing into a state of civility such as were wilde and fierce wherefore they built him Temples created him a God and devoutly honoured him giving him several surnames according to the diversity of the places where they adored him or the quality of the benefits which the people held they received from him or according to some great work which they supposed he had done Whence the western parts of the world had Hercules Gaditani when on the north side of the straight called of old Fretum Herculeum was Mount Calpe on the South
the vast quantity of Merchandize invites as much People as Italians Germans Grizons and Switzers The Ayr is most serene there and its Territory produceth sweet wines Oyl and many pleasant fruits In some places for want of Land either fit for tillage or Vines the people employ themselves in working Woollen and Linnen Clothes which they afterwards carry into all parts of Italy Their Language is very rustick but that renders not the People so who are civil and ingenuous and no less disposed to Learning than Trade whence it took the surname of Bergamo the witty It hath produced many noble Wits who by their excellent virtues have added to its Lustre Whereof were Alberico di Rosato Doctor of Laws and Ambrogio Calepino whose works no ingenuous person neglects to have Fryer Damiano a convertite of the order of Preachers was a man of so great Ingenuity in cementing pieces of several woods together with such artifice that they have been often mistaken for Pictures drawn with a pencel that his fellow hath not been known herein Fryer Pagano of the same Order gave excellent example of constancy at his death given him by the Hereticks Hence also have issued men of great Judgment and Counsel to govern the Republick particularly of the Family of Foresti with many Cardinals Prelates and excellent Captains The first Advancer of the Christian Religion in this City was Saint Barnabas a Disciple of Christ in the 25th yeer of our Salvation together with Anatolone the Greek and Caio the Roman giving it for Bishop Narino one of its Citizens who having governed it with great sanctity of Life and Religion for thirty yeers deceased and was there interred whom many holy Bishops from one to another have succeeded In the Domo of Bergamo are 25. Bodies of Saints kept with great devotion Where near the high Altar stands the Sepulchre of Bartolomeo Coleone a famous Captain and Citizen of it with his Effigies in Marble which he caused to be cut for him by the Life the Epitaph whereof follows Bartholomeus Colleonus de Andegania virtute immortalitatem adeptus usque adeo in re militari fuit illustris non modo tunc viventium gloriam longè excesserit sed etiam posteris spem enim citandi ademerit saepius enim à diversis Principibus ac deinceps ab Illustrissimo Veneto Senatu accepto Imperio Tandem totius Christianorum exercitus sub Paulo Secundo Pont. Max. delectus fuit Imperator Cujus acies quatuordecim annos ab ejus obitu solo jam defuncti Imperatoris tanquam vivi nomine militantis jussa cujus alias contempserunt Obiit Anno Domini 1475. quarto nonas Novembris In the Church of Saint Agostino is the Tomb of Fryer Ambrogio Calepino who with great diligence and industry collected all the Latin words in a form approved by the gravest writers whose works are known to all the World being divulged where ever the Latine Tongue is spoken Bergamo together with its Burroughs contains a great number of Souls Above it stands the Capella or Chapel a place strong by its site upon a high Mountain and by the most impregnable Walls wherewith it was encompassed by Luchino Visconte Lord of Milano and Bergamo but at this time t is wholly abandoned and half ruinated being found by experience of little ayd to the City when need required here at first was layed a foundation for a Monastery for the Order of S. Dominick and a Chapel built whence called Capello Bergamo was long time subject to the Roman Empire after whose fall t was burnt by Attila then it was yoaked to the Longobardi who styled themselves Dukes thereof then reduced under the power of Kings of Italy and so continued till the daies of Filippo Turciano who became Lord thereof Anno 1264. After it was Subjugated by Luchino the Viscount Then Mastino della Scalla made himself Lord thereof By whom some time after t was sold to Pandolfo Malatesta for thirty thousand Duckats of Gold And after it had been some times occupied by the French of its own accord it gave it self to the Venetians under whom it peaceably reposeth to this day If farther and more at large any one defires to be satisfied in the history of Bergamo let him read the book entitled La Vigna di Bergamo Serio runs close by Bergamo deriving its source from those Mountains between which towards the North are 6 vales The first is called La vale Seriana from the River Serio's running through it which is well peopled who by Tolomeo are called Beccunni The second is Vale Brombana so named from its vicinity with the Banks of the River Brembo each of which are extended for thirty miles long The third is Vale di San Martino 15. miles long The fourrh Vale di Calepio the fifth Vale di Ohiusontio the sixth Val di Manca in which between Towns Villages and Hamlets are numbred 200. Inhabited places of which the chief are Calepio Lever de Chiusonto and Vertua where they make excellent Woollen Clothes On this side the Territory of Bergamo extends it self 28. miles Upon Calepio is the strong Castle Leuco where a Bridge conjoyns both the Banks of Adda On the West Bergamo hath the City of Como Monza and the Hills of Brianza towards the East Brescia and towards the South Crema with the above-described Places Bergamo is accounted 32. miles from Milan having on the right hand the Rivers Brembo which dischargeth it self into the Adda further on near the Adda is the well-fortified Castle of Trezzo reared by Bernardo Viscount of Milan Anno 1370. together with that artificial Bridge which on the left hand over the Adda discovers it self with the abovenamed Places At twelve miles distance from Bergamo stands Colonica a small Village where imbarking you psss 20 miles in the Water and so arrive at Milan CREMA THe Relation of this City should have been placed between the narrations of Brescia and Bergamo where in the second voyage from Brescia to Milan t is only briesly touched but the Author having found himself tardy in omitting an account of this esteemed one of the prime Cities of Lombardy apollogizeth for his placing it here in the end of this Book and promiseth a reformation in the next impress Being then in the City of Brescia and going forth the Gate San Nazario after twenty miles travel you arrive at Orzi Nuovi and having past the River Oglio find the Castle Soncino and sive miles more forwards meets Romanengo and so many more the City Crema which is situated in the East shore of the River Serio by which t is deliciously washed it lies in the Centre of fruitfull Lombardy between five illustrious Cities at thirty miles distance from each which encompasse it like a Crown whereof she may be termed the Cross that is to say Milan Bergamo Brescia Cremona and Piacenza who affording it what it stands in need of and expending its superfluities
became under the Power of Eccellino the Tyrant who treated it most cruelly which evidently appears For at this day neer the Church of Saint Augustine they shew a great Tower wherein the Padouans were imprisoned tormented and slain nay the Cruelty of this wicked Tyrant so far exceeded that in one day in the City of Verona for no other cause than his fantastical humour he caused twelve thousand Padouans to be Butchered Out of the ruines of so many noble Palaces destroyed by him he intended and begun near the Bridge a new Cittadel for his habitation and security but he lived not to finish above a fourth part which is built with walls of a vast thickness with flint-stones squared with a fair Palace and a proud Tower which in truth is the most beautifull in all Padoua and is possessed at present by Il Signor Conte Giacomo Zabarella Many notable things are extant in this City but in particular there is a vault under ground which passeth under the River and goes even to the Piazza to the Palace of the Captain and to the other abovenamed Cittadel After his death Padoua recovered her Liberty and became very powerfull so that she got under her dominion Vicenza Verona Trento Treviso Feltre Belluno Conegliano Ceneda Saravalle Chioza and Bassano with all their Territories all the good ground among the Fennes and the greatest part of the Friuli and other important places then the Carraresi made themselves Lords thereof and kept the power about one hundred yeers at last the Venetians got the possession having slain Francesco Novello with all his Children and extinguished the principality of the Carraresi Through this City runs the River Brent together with the Bacchiglione which dividing it self into many branches gives a great accomodation to the Citizens One of which branches or Arms they have brought to pass thorow the dike round about the Walls of the City It affords in great aboundance all necessaries for livelihood from whence the Proverb arises Bolognia Grassa or wallowes in good cheer but Padoua surpassa sur-passeth it The bread they make here is the whitest of Italy And the wine is by Plinie accounted amongst the most noble and excellent This City hath about it seven gates many Stone Bridges five spacious Piazzaes with many beautiful Edifices as well publick as private Particularly the Palace used for the civil Law is the proudest in all Europe if not in all the World for so much as that it is covered with Lead without sustaining either of Pillars or Beams though its bredth is eighty six foot and length two hundred fifty six Which Palace after it had continued a foot 202 yeers being in part ruinated by fire the Venetian Lords in the yeer 1420 rebuilt with greater splendour The figure of this Hall is like a Quarry of glass with equal sides but not right angled not for the nearness of the Fabrick as some will have it but because natural reason shewes that a man standing bolt upright is with much more ease thrown down than when he stands a little drawn backwards its site is turned to the fower Quarters of Heaven so that at the Equinoctial the Beams of the Sun at his rising entring through the Eastern Windowes beat upon the Western Windowes between which is nothing erected to obstruct it and so upon the contrary And at the solstice or stay of the Sun when it can neither go higher nor lower the Beams enter thorow the Gates on the South part and play upon the opposite part in sum there is neither Gate or any other part without excellent Art and workmanship The painting of it represents the influence of the superiour bodies upon the inferiour divided with the signs of the Zodiack in imitation of that Circle of Gold which stood in the Sepulcher of Simandio King of Egypt In this Painting is to be noted the Antient Habits and amongst others a Priest who holds a Planet upon his back which antiently they used large and of rich stuff from whence it took its name The Inventer of these Paintings averreth that this was Pietro d'Abano a Padouan who was a most famous Philosopher and Astrologer whom it may well be since so many yeers before past that these present Paintings copyed by the hands of certain Florentines were drawn out from those which were preserved in the Antient Palace by the hand of Giotto and really these modern ones are very like to those which in the plain Astrolobe designed by the invention of Pietro d'Abano are treated on by Pierio in the thirty second and thirty ninth book of his hieroglificks And if the Antients made such a noise and so much account of the Obelisk which in the Field of Mars in Rome shewed by his shadow the length of the Nights and Days what shall we say of this Fabrick wherein are collected so many noble secrets all worthy to be contemplated and admired Whosoever hath an appetite in Padoua to behold Paintings let them see the Church of the Confraternity of Saint Antonio where they 'l meet Pictures upon boards drawn by Titian and other famous Masters the Chapel of Saint Luke in the Sanctuary where may be seen the true effigies of Eccellino the Tyrant as also in the Font of the Domo or chief Church by the hand of an excellent Lymner In the remarkeable Hall of the Lords of Zabarella Veraria may be seen pourtrayed the first Subjects of this City as Antenor its Founder Volusio the Poet T. Livio the Historian Q. Ascanio Pediano the Grammarian C. Cassio the Tribune L. Orontio Stella the Poet and Trasea Peto the Stoick both Roman consuls C. Valerio Flaccho the Poet L. Giulio Paolo the Lawyer Petro d'Abano the most famous Philosopher and Astrologer Albetino Mussato the Poet Doctor and Knight Alberto Verimitano Theclo Marsilio Santo Soffia an admirable Physician Marsilio Mainardino a Philosopher Astrologer and a most learned Divine Bonaventure Peraghino and Francisco Zabarella Cardinals Bartolomeo Zabarella Arch-Bishop of Florence and Giacomo Alvarato the famous expounder of the Law with a fair history of the most Antient times of Padoua and the Genealogie of the House of the Zabarelli with this following subscription Elogia haec virorum Illustrium Patavinorum Conditorumque Urbis cum Genealogiâ Nobilis Familiae Zabarellae ex Historiis Gronicisque Quam brevissimè collecta Joannes Cavaseus fecit Scripsit in Pariete Presb. Franciscus Maurus Pucivigianus cerebrosus pinxit Gualterius cura Et impensa Comitis Julii Zabarellae aedium Domini Omnes contivanei MD. XLIX Idibus Martii In private houses may also be found most excellent curiosities as with the Family of Mantoua for Marco Mantoua a most eminent Lawyer built a fair Palace in the Street of the Hermits with a delicious Garden annexed in the first Court whereof stands a great Colossus of Marble being the figure of Hercules and above is a stately Library no less replenished with Books excellent Pictures pourtraits of eminent men of
the World and singular sculptures than with collections of Brass Figures Marbles Medals and other exquisite things both natural and artificial which with the said Palace are now possessed by Signor Gasparo Mantoua Doctor of Physick and Nephew of the abovenamed Marco Luigi Coradino Doctor of Philosophy and of the Laws heretofore Reader of the Digests or Volums of the Civil Law in the University a man of a most quick wit and polite Learning an excellent disputant and particularly conversant in antiquities made a noble collection of Books Pictures Sculptures Medals antique Brass and Marble Tablets and other rarities which for the most part are enjoyed by the Signor Andrea his Son Doctor of Philosophy and Physick and Reader in the College a Virtuoso who conserves them in their Antient House in the Street called Torecelle Gio Domenico Sala Doctor of Philosophy and Physick most renowned for having been so many yeers Reader in the University and for having exercised his Profession of Physick with a known reputation In his Palace which stands in the Street called San Lorenzo hath set up a Study replenished with Books Pictures Marbles Brass pieces Medals and other pretious rarities and in particular he hath there a large and neat Press with shelves all made with Walnut Tree filled with Vessels of Christal with all the simple minerals and other rare and exquisite things which were collected by the Signor Conte Giacomo Zabarella Doctor Reader of the College and Canon of Padoua after whose death coming to the hands of Signor Bonifacio Zabarella his Brother they were by him given to the above-named Signor Gio Domenico in testimony of being his great Friend and Ally as a gift of most singular estimation Benedetto Salvatico Knight a Philosopher and Physician and chief Reader of the University a most signal person no less for his Reading than eminency in Physick hath restored near the Domo or chief Church his Palace making there a most stately Gallery gardens with Fountains Voleries and a thousand other excellencies besides his books and Pictures The Signor Conte Giacomo Zabaralla Count of Credazza and of the Empire a most renowned and vituous Person hath so much laboured in the study of History and Antiquities that meritoriously by the Learâ—…edst Pens he is styled the Restorer of Antiquity and renewer of things devouted by time being as well read in the Genealogie of Princes and other Illustrious Families a work as may be said without compare Besides that he hath found out the Invention to blason Coaâ—…s of Gentility to a great perfection with the right Linage and the equal compartments The works composed by him give a sufficient assurance that a high value is justly put upon him whereof are extant the Genealogie of Antenore Agamemnon Trasea Peto Orontio Stella Brandeburgica Polonica Auraica and the Universal Genalogie of those Princes and of many Illustrious Families the relation of so many Originals of Gentility the Histories of Conterina Cornera Zena Quirina Bemba Michiela and other his histories of the City and Families of Padoua the glories of Venice with many discourses Orations Elogies and other workes much esteemed by the Learned He hath in the Street called Coda the whole length of his Palace erected a most noble Library wherein besides that there are great Quantities of Books of Histories of Humanity and other Learning all most choice so also are there a good number of Manuscripts in Paper and Parchment whereof many are set in gold with exquisite Limning in Vermillion many whereof were never printed whose very Originals he is Master of Moreover he hath the Chronicles of Padoua as well those that are in print as in manuscript as also many of Venice and other Cities And besides these in a Press of Nut-Tree of a notable Largeness and Workmanship he hath collected many Marbles Brass pieces and other things natural and Artificial Antient and Modern of great value as also a quantity of antient Medals and of the later Princes both of Gold and Silver and other Metals which are of a sufficient valew besides many rare Pictures by the hand of the chief Men of the past Ages and the authentique pourtraies of Francesco Cardinal Bartolomeo Paulo Archbishops Orlando and Lorenzo Bishops all of the house of Zabarella and likewise of the Counts Giaccomo the elder Giulio and Giacomo the Philosopher and of other eminent men of his house He also preserves the great privileges granted to his house by many Popes Emperors Kings and Princes with the Key of gold given by Massiminian the first Emperor to the said Count Giacomo his Ancestors he likewise preserves many Antient and notable Seals of his Ancestors wherewith they used to seal the privileges of those Counts Knights Doctors and Notaries which were created by them together also with many other most incomparable excellencies both concerning his own Family and many others Monsignior Giacomo Filippo Tomassini Bishop of Citta Nova in the Street called Ponte de Tadi hath his Palace restored and signalized by the Signor Paulo his Brother long since Doctor of Laws and the first Advocate of his Age in his Countrey lately deceased with a universal sorrow This Signor is generally esteemed for a most virtuous person a Philosopher a Divine an Astrologer an Historian and a Humanist in all which he hath justified his Judgment by those most Elegant Books he hath wrote upon all these subjects so much approved by the Virtuous His Study excels no less in Books Pictures Medals and other things of valew Than in the signal Library of the works of the Lawes left him by his said Brother The Signor Conte Giovanni de Lazara Knight of the Order of Saint Stephen Son to the Signor Conte Nicolo Knight of the same Order hath no less honoured his Country by his Nobility and Virtue than for his eminency in the knowlege of the Antiquities of it and many other Countreys whereto he hath added a Collection of divers manuscripts of great esteem as also a good quantity of Medals and other things of price among which the antient Seal of the Padouan Republick whereof Scardevone in the 12 folio takes notice is greatly valued Besides on one side of his Palace which is one of the fairest of the City he hath drawn a Border whereon are set the Pourtraies of many Lords and Princes the Predecessors and Parents of his Family The Signor Sartorio Orsato Doctor in Philosophy and Physick Son of the Signor Orsato Knight of Saint Mark an eminent Subject in his Countrey is a young Student not less read and expert in Philosophy and Physick than in History Humanity and Antiquities and in his brave house in the Street of Saint Francesco hath made a Collection of the best Books and squares with a good number of Medals Marbles brass pieces and other singularities of great Price who having composed several works both in Prose and verse as well in the Latine as Italian Language to add to the fame and beauty of
Patriark of Aquileia wherein he made such progress as is not to be imagined let it suffice that he restored the Church to its Liberty and delivered the Florentines and Italy for which his Noble deeds he was by Pope Eugenius the 4th made Cardinal of S. Lorenzo then Bishop of Albany and Chancellor of the holy Church he dyed in the yeer 1465 at this day is his Family extinct And besides these there were others of this City intended for Cardinals who being overtaken by death could not possess that dignity as Gabriel Capodelista Aquensian Arch-Bishop was defigned Cardinal by Pope Clement the 5th in 1304. Bartol Zabarella Arch-Bishop of Florence having been Apostolick Legate in Germany France and Spain for weighty affairs with the happy success of his Labours and the great satisfaction of Pope Eugenius the 4th was by him designed Cardinal but upon his return an indisposition seised him and deprived him of Life in Sutry being but forty seaven yeers old in Anno nostrae salutis 1445. Francesco Lignamineo Bishop of Ferrara and Apostolick Legate was by Pope Engenius the 9th designed Cardinal but he was prevented by his death in the yeer 1412. Antonio Giannotti a famous Lawyer Bishop of Forli and Arch-Bishop of Urbin was Vice Legate in France and Bologna where he dyed at his 65th yeer being then by Pope Clement the 8th designed Cardinal Anno 1591. In the Palace of the Bishop these things are worth a sight The most ample diocess of Padoua drawn in a large square by Marco Cornaro Bishop of Padoua a Prelate worthy of eternal memory and a great Hall where to the life as is believed are drawn the Pictures of 112 Bâ—…shops of this most antient and Noble City The Church of Saint Antonio of Lisbone merits the second Place amongst Padoua's fair Churches as well for the design and artifice as for the pretiousness of the Marbles and other Ornaments The Roof of this Temple is distinguished into six marvellous Chapels covered with Lead First must be seen the Royal Chapel of this Saint adorned with the finest Marbles and 12 Noble Collumns in the nine spaces of which Columns between the one and tother are engraven his Miracles by the most rare Sculptors of that Age so well that it renders the spectators stupified In the midst of which Chapel ariâ—…es the Altar of this Saint and within it lies entered his body Upon this altar stand seaven Figures of Brass of a just proportion wrought by Tytian Aspetti the excellent sculptor of Padoua Its Roof is adorned with the fairest Frets and figures made of pargetting stuff guilt richly and its Pavement exactly composed with Marble and Porphyry â—…heckerwise This Saint having lived 36 yeers dyed the 13th of June 1231 and was canonized by Gregory the 9th in the City of Spoleto in the yeer 1237. On which day in Padoua they go in procession carrying his Tongue in a little woodenBoul with great solemnity and superstition which is accompanyed with all the Fryers of Saint Francis that is to say by the Conventuals Capucines and those that go uppon woodden Pattens called Zoccolani and with all the Doctors of the Colleges as well of the Laws and Physick as those of Divinity and Philosophy wherewith they also carry all the Vessels of Silver and other pretious things bestowed upon this their Saint as also an infinite number of their holy Reliques preserved in curious Vessels Among which are the Figures of ten Saints of pure Silver 16 rich Chalices 50 Vessels 3 whereof are to contayn their Eucharist many Silver Candlesticks Lampades Censores and 50 Sylver Votaries or pieces dedicated by the vowes of several persons which are as big as a small Child Likewise a Shipp furnished with Masts Sayls and Shrouds together with a model of the City of Padoua both being neatly cast in Silver In a fayr Reliquiary they preserve the Tongue of the glorious Saint Anthonio and in another his under Chap. In others all of Silver guilt framed with most exact workemanshipp they keep a cloth dipped in the pretious blood as they say of our Saviour Jesus Christ three thornes of his Crown some of the wood of his Cross of the hairs and milk of the blessed Virgin some of the Blood issuing out of the five wounds given Saint Francesoo and many of the Bones and other rare reliques of infinite of their Saints as may be seen in the Treatise published by Count Giacomo Zabarella Praesident and Treasurer of the Venerable Tombe of the glorious Saint Antonio Who befides the revenue of the Convent wherewith the Fathers are maintein ed possesseth a great Revenue together with much Silver and other pretious househouldstuff all bestowed upon that Saint by Princes and private Persons which Wealth is governed by seaven Presidents vulgarly called the Signori all' Archa di San Antonio three Ecclesiasticks and 4 Seculars with a Casheer who receives the Revenues and pays the Musicians and other disbursements which Officers are elected every yeer and every Six Moneths two of them change In the Convent is a fayr publick Library much amplified by the reverend Father Francesco Zanotti an eminent Person of Padoua who alwaies governed his Convent with great prudence as Guardian and his Religious Order whereof he was Provincial whereto the most reverend Father Michael Angelo Maniere Guardian and Provincial also hath added his Industry with great success and evidence of his Prudence Virtue and Goodness both whose good Actions have given â—… great Splendour to the Fame of this most Noble Convent Near to this said Library is another Room wherein are kept the rare collections of Count Giacomo Zabarella given to the said Saint which consists of many excellent Books and Manuscripts and all the Histories in being of Padoua Venice and other Cities which no where else are to be found also of Medals Marbles brass Pieces and other notable Antiquities with the Golden Key and all his workes all which being before fully related are here abbreviated to avoid Prolixity Opposite to the Altar of Saint Antonio is the Chapel of Saint Felix the Pope of like grandezza where also repose his Bones â—…ound about which are hung Pictures excellently wrought by Giotto wherof Daute Boccacio and other writers take particular notice In it are the Tombes of the Signori Rossi and Lupi Marqueses of Soragna and next the Chapel of Saint Antonio with which it maintains like Grandure and Fame it is the most eminent of all the greater Altar whereof is richly carved in Marble and hath on the right side a Candlestick of a very great heighth and wrought with many Figures over against it an artificial Chorus adorned with lovely Figures carved in wood In this Church likewise are the Sepulchers of Fulgosio of Marin and Ascanio Zabarella the first famous in Letters the second in Arms which are erected in the Chapel of Saint Catherine appertaining to their Family in another Tombe lies buried Andrea Zabarella with Montisia Polenta his Wife Daughter
with a stately Convent to be reckoned one of the chief of Europe for largness and beauty of building and the number of the learned and best Fathers which that Order enjoys where they shew in a refectory the Picture of our Saviour with the Apostles at the last supper drawn by Leonardo Uinci with such vivacity and Spirit that they seem to move and be sensible of the passions of Love Sorrow Joy admiration Suspition c. particularly in the Face of Judas one sees exprest that Treafon which he had conceived in his mind Leonardo Vinci having compleated all the Apostles not wanting more to its finishing than the visage of our Savionr it happened that he could never accomplish it because he had expressed so great beauty and glory in the Faces of Saint James the greater and the less that he had left no possibility for his fancy to draw any thing beyond them Whence pondring the impossibility of the thing he resolved to consult with Bernardo Zenale another worthy Painter of those times who its reported made him this answer This Picture hath one Errour which God only can rectifie for t is not imaginable that thou or any other Painter in the World can express more grace and Majesty than thou hast presented in the one and t'other James wherefore leave it as t is Lonardo did so as appears at this day yet not so demonstrable because time hath in part defaced the glory of those Faces There also are the effigies of Lodovico Beatrice and both their Sons afterwards Dukes Massiminiano and Francesco In the Church of S. Vittorie of the Fryers of the Mount of Olives is seen a Saint George giving death to the Serpent wrought by Raffael of Urbino The great aud sumptuous Domo or Cathedral was founded with infinite expence by the Duke Giovan Galeazzo built with such industry that for its greatness and Architecture the pretiousness of the Marbles and workmanship few Temples of the World can be paralleled unto it T is all of white Marble and about it are 500. Statues of the same It s length from East to West is 250. Cubits and breadth 130. It hath six Cupolaes one 80. cubits high two 50. another forty and the others 30. The four Pilastres of the greater Cupola are 32 cubis distant one from t'other It hath three proportionated Isles with sive gates in the front the Casements and Arches are of a Pyramid form the Iron Bars which sustain this great work are so hugely bigg that the Architectors of Charles the fifth beholding them from the ground were amazed at them Among the other Statues there are two most stupedious the one of Adam the other of S. Bartolomeo flleaed divinely carved by Christopher Cibo in one of which may be clearly discerned the whole Anatomy of Man which is unparalleld It hath two great Organs in one of which stands David the Prophet playing on the Symbal before the Ark wrought with great artifice by Gioseffo of Monza It hath two noble Vestries wherein they preserve their Vestments rich Ornaments and Vessels given them by Arch-Bishops and Dukes with many reliques of Saints It hath besides a stately Chorus where the Dukes of Milan are intombed and before the great Altar stands the Grave of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo whose sanctity of Life and the form of good living prescribed by him to others hath raised this opinion that his Soul ascended immediately out of his Body into Heaven In another part is the Tomb of Giacomo Medici Marques of Melignano a Captain of great valour and his statue with his natural Visage and Military habit in Brass made by Leone Aretino In this Church they reverently keep also one of the Nayls wherewith our Saviour was nayled to the Cross given by Theodosius the Emperor Among the other pious places is the great Hospital of Milan praisable seated in an Island and invironed with Columns and Porches t is 600. rods about 150. of a side T is divided into four most capacious appartments having underneath many little Shops made on purpose for the workers employed for the use of the Hospitals In the middle walk are 112. Beds for sick persons all hung with Curtains equally distant one from another and accommodated in such manner that at the saying of Mass all may hear It s revenue is 50000. Crowns somtimes exceeds 90000. Crowns per. Ann. It maintains 4000. Souls and for its noble Structure may be fit for the greatest Prince Five miles out of Milan on the Road of Come is the Lazuretto of Saint George for the infected of the Plague which edifice is four-squared 1800 yards in circuit round iâ—… runs a Channel and within it are infinite beds with sufficient provision of all necessaries In this City are many Noble Lordly and magnificent Families among others the Ancient house of the Pusturley the Turriani who came from Valle Sassiuo and sometime governed here from this Family came Matteo Turriano who being Captain for Conradus the second Emperour in Arabia against the Moors was taken Prisoner and Martyrd for the Faith of Christ. The Visconti as some say were descended from the Trojani who built Angiera near the Lake Maggiore which City they long possessed when being the most potent Family in Lombardy Matteo Visconte was constituted imperial Vicar of Milan and all Lombardy and permitted to carry the Eagle in his ensignes Others say this Family had its original from the Kings of the Longobards Be it as t will twelve Princes of the Visconti held the dominion of Milan 170. years Under Duke John Galleazzo it commanded 29. Cities besides Lumbardy among others Genoua Bologna Pisa Belluno and Trento From the illustrious Family of Sforzaes have descended six Dukes of Milan Cardinals Queens and one Empress And besides the aforenamed the Families of the Trivultii Biraghi Medici Ruschi Mezenti Bezzozzi and others are of Milan It produced 4. Popes Urban the third Celestine the fourth Pius the fourth and Gregory the 14th Two Emperors Didius Julianus and Maximinianus Herculeus who built the Hercolean hot Baths and here in Milan deposed and quit the Emperial Diademme as also Virginius Rufus thrice Consul with many Cardinals Bishops Saints with eminent scholars in all ages as Salvio Giuliano Grandsire to Giuliano the Emperor Paulo Eleazarno Gioan Lignano Giasone del Maino Filippo Deno Andrea Alciato Marco Massimo the Historian and Astrologer Cecilio the Comick Poet the Cardinal Paulo Emilio Sfrondato Nephew of Pope Gregory the 14. a person worthy of much praise for his goodness and integrity of life The Arch Bishop of Milan hath the Title of Prince and hath a long time enjoyed the primacy thereof Its Jurisdiction extended it self heretofore to Genoua Bologno and some parts of Sicilia and proceeded from its riches and pride to that rashness that for 200. years it with drew it self from the Roman Bishops but Carlo Borromeo hath taken off much of that obliquy by the splendour he hath given to that Arch Bishoprick by his
midst the most high Tower Asinelli which represents the main Mast the Tower Garisenna the Scale and the other small Towers the Shrouds to the eye of the beholder Within it is no manner of fortification the Citizens having cast down those that were who confiding in their own valour and prudence content themselves with a single Brick-Wall which encompasses it near it runs the River Savona and through it the Reno which serves for transportation of Merchandiz from Ferrara That Bologna abounds with all things is known to all whereby they give it the stile of Fatt Its Fields are fair and large producing all sorts of Corn and Wines of the best sorts in Italy with all kinds of Fruits particularly Olives so bigg and sweet that they give not place to them of Spain it hath also Woods for Foul and Beasts of Chase and notwithstanding there be few Lakes yet t is plentisully served with fish from Comacchio and Argenta Here to maintain their Epithite of Bologna la grassa they make those famous Salsages which for their excellency are esteemed a costly dish through the World as also a Conserve of Quince and Sugar called gelo or gelly fit for the Table of a Prince They here also work with great Art Sheaths for Knives of boyled Leather and fair Harquebuses and Flacks or Bottels They have great numbers of Silk-Worms from whose labour they extract quantity of Silk whereof they make Sarcenet Velvet and other Silks in such plenty as that they not only supply all Italy therewith but England and the Low Countreys It s Territory affords many Quarries of white Stones and great store of Hemp and Flax some minerals of Allum with medicinal Fountains both hot and cold It hath but one Piazza which yet for its largeness may be said to be three conjoyned in the midst whereof stands a sumptuous marble Fountain whereon stands a Brazen Neptune made by Giovanni Bologna a Flemish Sculptor in very much excellency whence gusheth a most clear stream of Water It hath a general uniformity of building having straight and spatious Streets and on each side of them before the Houses Arches of the same Structure where the Citizens recreate themselves without fear of the scorching Sun or the dripping Rains There is one spatious Garden of the Poeti another of the Paselli Near the Church of S. Giacomo where now appear a good space of old rinesu was formerly a regal Palace of the Bentivogli while they were Lords of Bolonia whose Majesty and Magnificence is treated on by Beroaldo T is adorned with superb and spatious Edifices aswell for divine worship as private use Among others the Popes Palace over the gate whereof is the Statue of a Pope in Brass and that of the Campeg gi where in the time of Giulio Terzo the Council of the Pepoli and Malvezzi met are of such grandure that any Prince may be received there The Palace which fronts the Church San Petronio was built by the Bolonians for a prison for Enzo King of Sardegna where he lived and at the cost of the publick was royally entertained for twenty yeers till his death Furthermore the Citizens Houses are beautified with Vests and other things to the pride of any others of Italy and their Sellars so deep under ground that they apprehend no Earth-quake The Tower Asmelli so named from the founders and Garisenda so called from its pendency downwards discover the great ingenuity of the Architector It s principal Temples are that of San Pietro the seat of the Bishop where ly many Cardinals Bishops and other learned Doctors with many Reliques of Saints Pictures Sculptures and Ornaments of gold and Silver of high valew The Domo which stands on the Piazza dedicate to San Petronio Bishop and Protector of the City is so great and magnificent that few Churches are equal to it here Charls the 5th received from Pope Clement the 7th the Crown of the Empire The Church of Saint Francis is well built where Pope Alexander the 5th a Bolonian lies buried and Odoffredo and Accursio two great Lights of the Civil Law then the magnificent Monastery of San Salvidore and the noble and rich Nunnery del Corpo di Christi where lies enterred the blessed Catharine who was a Nun therein whose nails upon the hands and feet grow as if she were living The Church of San Giacomo with its Chapel built by Giovanni secundo Bentivoglio was a work only for a King wherein lies the said Bentivoglio with many of his descendants some of the Malvezzi and other illustrious persons with many Reliques of Saints guarded in a rich and stately Altar by Cardinal Poggio The Church of S. Martin where repose the bones of Beroaldo and Alexandro Achellini the Philosopher The Church of San Giovanni entombes an image of Cecilia the Virgin Martyr painted by the divine Rafael of Urban the ashes of the blessed Elena and Carlo Raino a famous Doctor of Laws four of these Churches Canons have been Bishops of Bologna The Church of Saint Stephen the Proto-Martyr is sumptuous built by S. Petronio where among other Reliques they shew the Ashes of S. Vitale Agricola Petronio The Church of Saint Benedict encloseth is the Body of San Proculo the Martyr and the Cel wherein Gratian composed his Decretals In the Church of Saint Domenick in whose Quyer is rarely effigiated the old and new Testaments here lies Enzo King of Sardegna in a proud Tombe and many famous Doctors of Civil Laws and Physick as also Tadeo and Giacomo Pepoli who some time were â—…ords of Bolonia at the high Altar may be seen many Reliques of Saints of which are the body of San Domenick on whose Tomb are layed more than 300. Figures of Gold and Silver and one of the Thorns of the Crown of our Saviour with the Bible writ ten by the hand of Esdras in the Hebrew Tongue in white parchment here reposes also the Body of San Domenick the Patriark and institutor of that Order with many other stately Tombs Candlesticks Lamps Cenfers and other Ornaments This Church hath a noble Convent with many Cloysters and Dormitories for the Fryers aud a large Refectory excellently painted and one of the largest Cellars of Italy therein is likewise a Cemetory wherein to bury the Fryers And an excellent Library scarce any equal none better to be found kept and encreased dayly by the Fathers with great diligence and here sits the Inquisition In this Convent dwell one hundred and fifty Religious and here they keep the publique Studies of the Sciences which hath occasioned principally that five Popes many Cardinals Bishops and holy Fathers have proceeded hence among which were San Pietro the Martyr San Ramundo Egidir Foscararni Bishop of Modena who behaved himself prudently and learnedly at the Council of Trent The first Bishop of Bologna was SanZama who in the 270th yeer after Christ first preached the Faith here Dionisius being then Pope whom 71. have succeeded of good Doctrine and
than published with such vain ostentation besides that Historians say he was baptized by the Nichomedian Bishop when he arrived in Asia Bâ—…isardo thinks that the said Battisteriâ—… was rather the Bath to the Lateran Pallace and the Form of the Fabrick induceth him and others to the same belief But however it was t is most certain that Constantine the great having profest the Christian Religion was baptized in this Church and the same Babtistary t is shewed to this day and all converts to the Christian Religion are there still baptized On the right hand of it are certain holy chappels and therein preserved many pretious Marbles and some Pillars conveyed hither from Jerusalem At the entrance of the Church San Giovanni Laterano stand many sumptuous Tombs of Popes and Altars wrought excellently with Marble upon the high Altar is the last supper of Christ ingraven in silver of great value set up by Clement the seaventh who also raised the great rich Organ and that stately Vestry for the use of the Church Before the Chorus were four hollow brasen Pillars of Corinthian work which t is said were brought from Jerusalem full of the holy Earth where our Saviour was enterred others say that Sylla fetched them from Athens and others that Augustus caused them to be cast in Rome of the Beaks of the Galleys taken in the Actiack battail and in memorial applyed to the Temple of Jupiter Capitolino Furthermore others say that Vespasian translated them with the other spoils from Jerusalem Of late Clement the 8th caused them to be guilt over and placed them on the high Altar with a brass Scutcheon guilt and affixed to them wherein his Arms are engraven Before Sixtus the 5th reedified from the foundations the Lateranian Palace there was a great hall where the Pope with the Ecclesiastical Synod of Cardinals and Arch-bishops rendred themselves when they were to manage any substantial business Those three great marble Collumnes were shipped from the Palace in Jerusalem here the Later aneâ—…sial counsels were solemnized with the assistance of the whole Clergy The Scala Sancta contained 28 stairs which stood in Pilats House the which Christ ascended when he was whipped are transferred by the Pope into another place where Christians frequent them and for devotion creep up them upon their knees kissing them Here were two porphyr chairs whereof the Enemies of the Catholick Faith recount certain shamefull Fables which have been sufficiently confuted by Cardinal Bellarmine in his first Tome of the controversies of the Roman Bishop as also the story of Pope Joan whom the story saies to be John the 7th who succeeded Leo the 4th confuted by the said Cardinal and Onofrius and lately by Florimondo Romondo in French The Pillar of white Marble placed in the wall and divided in two is thought to be broken miraculously at the death of Christ when the Veyl of the Temple rent Sancta Sanctorum is a Chappel held in great veneration the ingress therein is forbidden to women In it are kept the Ark of the Covenant the rod of Aaron the Table whereon Christs last supper was celebrated of the sacred Manna the Navil string and praepuce of Christ a Vyal of Christs blood some thorns of his Crown one whole Nail wherewith he was fastened to the Cross. The Snaffle of Constantine the great his Horse which was made of the two nayls which pierced his feet the fourth was placed in the Emperors golden Diademe In the same place are likewise shewed many Reliques which are regarded by the Romans with huge Devotion here is to be observed that the old pictures of the Greeks and Gregory Bishop of Turona shew that Christ was fastened to the Cross with two nails in his feetand a little table under Somewhat distant from S. Giovanni stands a Gate of the City called now by the same name but antiently Celimontana from Mount Celio Hence the Via Campagna takes its beginning leading to the Campagna called Terra di Lavoro from its sterility Forth the City it joines with the Latina On the back part of Monte Celio lyes the Church Santa Croce di Jerusalem one of the seaven chief formerly sacrate to Venus and Cupid In it is kept a part of the Lords Cross and the title of the Cross writ in three languages one of the thirty pence which Judas the Traitor received for betraying Christ a Thorn of the Crown with other sacred Reliques Here under the Earth Helena the mother of Constantine built a Chappel wherein Women are permitted entrance only upon the 20th of March to the Monastery of this Temple is adjoyned an Amphitheatre somewhat less but more antient than the Coliseo which was edificated by Statilius Taurus in the reign of Augustus but t was for the most part destroyed by Pope Paul the 3d. for reparation of the Monastery On one side of Santa Croce appear yet some ruines of the Basilica Sessariana near the Walls The Arches which enter the City by Porta Nevia and pass over the top of the Celio to the Aventino were the Arches for the Aqueduct of the Claudian water and were the highest and longest of Rome Claudius conveighed this water from forty miles off into the City Some of this water run into the Palace some into the Campidoglio but the greatest part to the Aventino The said Porta Nevia was also called Nevia and Santa Croce and was built in an Arch Triumphal which demonstrates the Majesty and grandeur of the work Near the Aqueduct for the Aqua Claudia towards Monte Celio stands the Hospital S. Giovanni being both wealthy and comodious for receipt of infirm and sick Persons abounding in all sorts of Phisical ingredients Physicians Apothecaries Surgeons attendants and whatever els can conduce to the good of the Patients This conveniency hath in all ages induced many Princes and other Persons of quality and richeâ—… when their Maladies require to make this Hospital their abode though they lye there at their own expence In the Court of it are Sepultures of divers sorts Baths with sculptures of Satyrs and different Actions The battail of the Amazones The Chase of Meleager and other fair objects The Temple of S. Clement Pargetted with various coloured Marble hath divers old inscriptions many figures of the sacred in struments used in the divine services by the Popes as also in the Sacrifices by the Priests of the Gentiles and the Southsayers In the return you meet that stupendious and admirable Mole the Amphitheatre called vulgarly Coliseo from the Colossean statue of 120 foot high which Nero erected The altitude of this Amphitheatre was such and the structure so compact that Rome afforded nothing more stately 'T was eleaven yeers continued labour for thirty thousand Slaves and capable of eighty seaven thousand men who might conveniently dispose theselves in the surrounding Seats for be holding the Playes there yeerly exhibited The house of Nero occupying all that space between the Hils Palatino and Celio reached to the Esquilie so
Greek a second in Latin a third in Hebrew with their Dyet and four crowns a moneth but Paulus the fourth doubled the greek Salary and added two other Greek writers and one Latin to the one of which Greek writers and to the Latin he assigned five Crowns by the Moneth and two Sportule which is a certain Fee payed to the Pope or Saint Peter by every person that got the better in any suite in Law but to the other Greek he assigned two Sportule and four Crowns only He likewise ordained one Binder with provision of foure Crowns Lastly Marcello Corvino President of the Library instituted two Correctors and Revisors of the Latin Books between whom he divided the benefits accruing to the Presidents denying to retain them to himself as aforetold and gave two sportule to each being the four due to himself as president assigning a Salary of five Crowns to the one and four to the other and the tenth Crown which remained to him of the ten crowne by the Moneth assigned to the presidents he deputed that for him whom Paul the 4th had instituted for sweeper to whom the regalies were not granted The first Latin Correctors were Gabriel Faerno of Cremona Nicolo Maggiorano to whom Pius the 4th added a Greek Corrector giving to each of them ten Crowns of gold by the Moneth Of the Ceremony in kissing the feet of the Roman Bishop CHAP. XI Taken out of GIOSEFFO STEPHANO Bishop of ORIOLANO Wherein is shewed that for good reasons the Pope wears a Cross upon his Shoe or Slipper and the Christian People kiss his Feet AMong the many things the Popes had given them to bear and carry for ensignes of Glory and dignity by the Emperor Constantine the Great with which for long time together they have gone adorned ware a pair of Slippers made of the whitest linnen cloth for the Ornament of their Feet which Slippers we may name Pumpes for their being so apted to the Feet whereof we read an especial memorial in the Acts of San Silvestre for that the Emperor Constantine commanded that the Popes of Rome should cloth their Feet with the purest Linnen in imitation of the high Priests and antient Prophets who we read in the fifth Book of Herodian were thus vested And t is most certain that the Sandals or slippers of the Roman Bishop are alwaies bedecked with some singular Ornament differing from those which ordinary Bishops wear at the celebration of their Mass otherwise how could the blessed Antidius near Segeberto in Anno 418 distinguish the Pope by the slippers he had on nor could that have happened if those of the Pope had not had a peculiar Mark differing from those of the Bishops San Bernardo in his forty second Epistle declares that the slippers are a part of those Ensignes which the Popes are obliged to wear at the solemnizing of Mass. The same thing also is averred by Innocenzo III. in his first Book de Divinis Officiis in the 24th Chapter Ivo Cornatense in the 76th Epistle and in his speech de significatione Indumentorum Rabano in his first Book the 22d Chapter Durando in his third Book the 28th Chapter and many others And although rhe Roman High Priests antiently used this sort of Shooing with the whitest Linnen we must nevertheless confess that now the Custome is changed and in lieu thereof are worne a certain red sort of shooing with a cross wrought on them the occasion of which mutation may be attributed partly to the reverence of the People and partly to the consideration of the Popes Person Wherein will be manifested the humility of the Pope who knowing all Persons prone to the kissing of his Feet desired to have the sign of the Cross fixed thereon to the end that so much honour might be payed to the most holy sign of the Cross rather than to his own proper person And that his Holiness would also reduce into the minds of the faithfull which kiss his feet the passion and death of our Saviour With great Judgment then most honest intention and good end have they introduced this wearing the signe of the Cross upon the popes Sandals since that the kissing of the cross is an Act of the Reverence born to it used in the most holy Church antiently whose custom it was in that manner to reverence not only the holy Crosse but also the holy Images of Christ and of the Saints the Visage and heads of which Images the faithfull of old accustomed to approach in token of respect and honour as Niceforus in his seaventeenth Book the 25th Chapter recounts and Zonara in the third tome of the Life of Theodofilo The sublime Ensigne of the Romans made in manner of the Cross of the Saviour which was wont to be born before Constantine the Emperor and was adored by the Senate and the Souldiery is called Laboria perchance for that in Latine it signifies Labour to wit for that that blessed Ensigne put the Souldiers in good heart and remembrance when they were near toyled with fighting or for that they bore up that Ensign when they marched or els for that they mustred the Souldiers under that Banner to signifie to them the pains they must take under it as Paolo Diacono relates in the 11th of his History and Nicolo Prinio in the consults of the Burgari at the 7th Chap and 23. Paolino Nolano demonstrates very clearly in the 42d Epistle the Custome which was that the princes and great Lords kissed the Cross submitting to it all the Banners of their glory and worldly Majesty Nor have they born this Reverence to the Cross alone but also to all the Instruments of the Passion of our Lord as Sant Ambrosius in a discourse he makes of the death of Theodosius averreth touching one of the Nayls which was pierced through the Feet of our Saviour To come then to the other Head wherefore we judge it convenient the change of the white slippers or sandals for slippers or sandals with the Cross wrought on them we say that herein the Popes have endeavoured to demonstrate expresly the Image of the Apostolick charge because they havinng received a charge to teach to all the world and to preach the Gospel have likewise adorned their feet with the signe of peace and of the Gospel that so they may walk perfect through the World in vertue of the signe of the crosse Isaiah the Prophet saith thus Beautifull are the Feet of those who preach Peace and publish good tidings as if that forseeing this Usage he should wonder how the heads of the Christian People should find out so convenient an ornament to put upon their Feet so that the Nations beholding them should not only remain full of gladnesse for the good newes which they had heard from them but should also perceive a certain content for having seen them all beautifull all adorned and signalized to the very feet with the figure of the holy Cross. Because t is usual to
small Castle but placed in an admirable scite in the plain of the Strada Appia and is as we may say risen out of the ruines of the antient perfection of Towns whch bore the same name whereof some Fragments yet appear in the adjacent Fens near the Lake Fondano To speak of it with authority take these verses of a certain German Poet. Collibus hinc atque inde Lacu simul aequore cinctum Citria cui florent hortis è littore Myrti Hesperidum decus et benevolentia culta Diones In our times this Castle received a foul disgrace from the hands of Hariadeno Barbarossa Captain of the Turkish Armada who by a suddain in road took it leading away all the Souldiers and Inhabitants sacking the Castle prophaning the Churches and arrived at his Gallies clapt all his prisoners into Chains The Strada Appia is the largest and was the famousest among the other twenty eight streets or ways of note which took beginning at Rome and was called the Queen of streets because that by it passed to Rome such as came triumphing from the East Appio Claudio made it as far as Capua and Caligula caused it to be paved with square stones and lastly Trajane renewed and restored it to Brandizzo beautifying it on each side with a green hedge of Laurels Bayes Pomgranats and Mastick trees pursuing this way before arrival at Fondi you meet the Mons 〈◊〉 noted amongst the antients for the good wine it bore as Martial saith Caecuba Fundanis generosa coquntur ahenis And leaving Fondi for Gaeta in the way you see the Villa Formiana famous for Cicero's slaughter and the Castle Itri scituate among certain hills most fruitfull in Figs Olives and other fruit Mola of old called Formia Formosa from the gardens lies thirty stades thence a stade being 125 paces eight whereof make an English mile Thence three miles taking the right hand you arrive at Gaeta which Country although all along it be but a bank is so well cultivated and so lovely adorned that it may not only fascinate and entertain the eyes of the Traveller but may be said like that in the Fable The residence of the Nymphs being in truth infinitely pleasant and delightfull on the right hand of it you have the prospect of the Sea on the left Flowers-Greens and Trees which being on this and that side bathed by the murmuring Rivolets afford a most excellent savour for refreshing the Travellors wearied senses GAETA Virgil speaks in honour of GAETA or CAJETA in these verses Tu quoque littoribus nostris AEneia nutrix AEternam moriens famam Cajeta dedisti GAETA enjoyeth a Port and a Fort which heretofore Ferdinando King of the Arragonians founded in a Corner of the Promontory towards the East having then driven the French out of the Kingdome of Naples within our memory the Emperor Charls the 5th added to it the neighbouring rock conjoyning it by a bridge which may be drawn up at pleasure to the rock that is highest and so redoubled the buildings augmenting its strength with Towers and ramparts and enclosing the whole mountain joyned it to the City by Ditches and Walls from which Towers such is their contrivance the Port and the City though lying much lower receive a perfect defence and protection being alwaies guarded with a good garison of Spanish Souldiers nor is any person permitted to enter neither stranger Townesman or Country man The City therefore may be well esteemed secure since so well provided for by art with all those Forts bulwarks c. and by nature by its own scituation having contiguous with it that Promontory as t were hanging over it and almost round it the waters of the Sea being as t were in a Peninsula having but a narrow Isthmus to come to it by Land excellently defended by a bridge a Gate a Fort and the Sea waters on each side The Promontory shews it self with two Heads on that side regarding the Mediterranean lies the City on the plainest and levelled part on the other Cliffs Rocks and Praecipices which extend into the Sea t is open from top to bottom occasioned by a great earthquake and that a long time since such many times happening in these parts of Italy The old Poets and Prophets sometimes called Neptune Ennosigaeo and Sifittone for that as they feigned he turned upside down the foundations of the mountains with his Trident. The Inhabitants and neighbouring people in boats with great devotion row into that wide space and religiously reverence the place for that they certainly believe that mountain was thus cleft in sunder by an earthquake at the time our Redeemer Jesus Christ suffered upon the Cross for the salvation of mankind as in the holy Gospel we find it written that at that time the Mountains and stones were rent in sunder in the midst of the opening of this mountain stands a Church and a very rich Monastery dedicated to the most sacred and great Trinity built with the alms of devout souls you may there see a vast stone so fallen from the top of the mountain that it may be said to be sustained by a miracle between the broken walls of the opening where it begins to narrow There Ferdinand King of Arragonia erected a fair Chappel dedicating it to the S. S. Trinita which appears as in the Sea and they go to it from the monastery by a way made with hands in the rupture of the Mountain the broken stones on one side and the hollowed places whence they fell on the other when tom out by the earthquake afford an enticing object Among other things there worth a view is a shrine made by Charls of Bourbon a famous though wicked Captain of later times who in the bloody assault and sack of Rome dyed of a wound from a gunshot The bones of this bad man are enclosed in a chest or coffin of wood covered with black silk and are obvious at the first entrance of the Castle in an eminent place under it may be read this Epitaph Francia mi dia la luche Espanna m'es fuerzo y ventura Roma mi dia la muerte Gaeta la Sepoltura Englished thus by Jo. Raymond Gent. France gave me breath Spain strength to arms did call Rome gave me death Gaeta Burial But to study brevity I have deliberated to run over those things only which may afford some fruit in reading and learning to the Ingenious IN the upper part of the Temple or great Church they shew all the pretious gifts and ornaments of that magnificent house wherein the episcopal seat was at first placed after the burning and destruction of the neighbouring Formia bestowed on it by the cruel hands of the Saracens Out of whose ruines was drawn that huge Bacchical Crater or Boul which holds many of those measures of wine which are called Crati or runnelets t is made of the whitest marble and is now applyed to the use of a Font for holy Baptism Corona Pighio reports not to