that_o verdict_n see_v as_o be_v very_o well_o urge_v there_o many_o probation_n will_v infer_v single_a adultery_n or_o a_o divorce_n which_o will_v not_o infer_v notour_fw-fr adultery_n and_o capital_a punishment_n but_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o decreet_a of_o the_o commissary_n shall_v not_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o ordinar_n adultery_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n see_v no_o probation_n be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o one_o case_n which_o can_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o causa_fw-la civilis_fw-la &_o criminalis_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la arbitrariam_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la probationem_fw-la and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o probation_n in_o criminal_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o panel_n and_o the_o assize_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v 1._o the_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v approbation_n 2._o this_o may_v be_v likeways_o object_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o falsehood_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v there_o admit_v but_o betwixt_o these_o two_o decreet_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v punish_v falsehood_n themselves_o and_o so_o their_o decreet_a shall_v be_v a_o full_a probation_n because_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a even_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o commissary_n who_o can_v inflict_v no_o criminal_a punishment_n at_o all_o for_o adultery_n ix_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v excuse_v a_o man_n from_o adultery_n who_o apprehend_v upon_o just_a reason_n that_o his_o wife_n be_v dead_a matryed_z another_o or_o the_o wife_n who_o marry_v a_o second_o husband_n l._n 11._o §_o 12._o ff_n h._n t._n mulier_fw-la cum_fw-la audisset_fw-la absentem_fw-la virum_fw-la defunctum_fw-la esse_fw-la alii_fw-la se_fw-la junxit_fw-la &_o faâ—sis_fw-la rumoribus_fw-la inducta_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la verisimile_fw-la est_fw-la deceptam_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la nihil_fw-la vindicte_fw-la dignum_fw-la videri_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o l._n pen._n dicit_fw-la adulterium_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la non_fw-la committi_fw-la upon_o which_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n novemb_n 7._o 1673._o for_o john_n frazer_n be_v indict_v for_o notour_n adultery_n with_o helen_n guthrie_n allege_v that_o he_o can_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o he_o have_v marry_v this_o helen_n lawful_o after_o he_o have_v get_v testificat_o upon_o oath_n to_o prove_v that_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v dead_a in_o virginia_n whereupon_o he_o get_v a_o warrant_n from_o the_o presbytery_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o marry_v and_o be_v according_o proclaim_v and_o marry_v and_o if_o a_o false_a rumour_n be_v sufficient_a to_o clear_v from_o adultery_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o adultery_n without_o dole_n and_o a_o fraudulent_a design_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o former_a law_n and_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr delict_n car_fw-fr quest_n 140._o he_o can_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n who_o have_v marry_v authore_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la who_o be_v judge_n competent_a and_o who_o be_v induce_v thereto_o not_o only_o by_o report_n but_o by_o testificat_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o he_o be_v a_o adulterer_n who_o lie_v with_o another_o woman_n whilst_o his_o wife_n live_v and_o as_o rumour_n can_v dissolve_v marriage_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o defend_v against_o adultery_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o every_o man_n who_o be_v weary_a of_o his_o wife_n to_o raise_v rumour_n concern_v her_o death_n and_o thereby_o authorise_v himself_o in_o marry_v another_o 2._o though_o rumour_n be_v sufficient_a they_o behove_v to_o be_v rumour_n constant_o and_o common_o report_v but_o here_o be_v only_o one_o testificar_n and_o this_o testificat_fw-la can_v be_v no_o warrant_n since_o it_o be_v but_o a_o single_a testimony_n nor_o do_v it_o bear_v that_o the_o say_v margarat_n hait_o who_o die_v there_o be_v know_v to_o he_o to_o be_v spouse_n to_o john_n frazer_n but_o only_o in_o general_n that_o one_o margaret_n hait_o die_v there_o and_o there_o may_v have_v be_v more_o of_o that_o name_n 3._o though_o rumour_n may_v excuse_v yet_o that_o can_v only_o be_v after_o a_o long_a absence_n &_o longo_fw-la tempore_fw-la transacto_fw-la as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n cite_v by_o the_o panel_n whereas_o here_o she_o be_v only_o absent_a three_o year_n and_o the_o ignorance_n behove_v to_o be_v invincible_a whereas_o here_o it_o be_v only_o ignorantia_fw-la affectata_fw-la for_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o stay_v within_o twelve_o mile_n of_o the_o panel_n father_n house_n and_o be_v know_v by_o all_o the_o country_n to_o live_v there_o and_o though_o her_o mother_n and_o relation_n live_v at_o edinburgh_n in_o one_o town_n with_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o never_o ask_v at_o her_o mother_n if_o she_o be_v dead_a 4._o a_o man_n who_o wife_n divert_v from_o he_o aught_o to_o summon_v she_o to_o adher_n and_o so_o procure_v a_o divorce_n by_o the_o commissary_n and_o though_o rumour_n and_o praesumption_n can_v infer_v a_o full_a probation_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o what_o be_v lead_v and_o prove_v before_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a and_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o presbytery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a since_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n and_o this_o be_v procure_v periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la no_o person_n be_v cite_v upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n repel_v the_o defence_n and_o the_o say_v john_n frazer_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n be_v find_v guilty_a but_o do_v thereafter_o procure_v a_o remission_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v clear_v that_o bigamy_n may_v be_v also_o pursue_v as_o notour_n adultery_n but_o the_o woman_n who_o know_v not_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o punish_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 85._o hoc_fw-la tit_n x._o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v likewise_o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a for_o notour_n adultery_n and_o not_o for_o single_a adultery_n &_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v lead_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v single_a adultery_n though_o not_o notour_n adultery_n if_o the_o assize_n shall_v file_v or_o not_o for_o the_o negative_a it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o single_a and_o notour_n adultery_n be_v different_a crime_n and_o the_o libel_n be_v different_a and_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o prove_v and_o therefore_o the_o assize_n shall_v not_o file_v and_o if_o they_o do_v their_o sentence_n be_v null_a even_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n grahame_n where_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o assize_n be_v reduce_v because_o theft_n be_v libel_v and_o recept_n of_o theft_n only_o prove_v as_o also_o in_o that_o case_n the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v of_o his_o defence_n because_o he_o will_v have_v propound_v defence_n against_o single_a adultery_n if_o it_o have_v be_v libel_v which_o will_v either_o not_o have_v be_v relevant_a against_o notour_n adultery_n or_o else_o he_o think_v himself_o in_o tuto_fw-la not_o to_o propone_v they_o because_o he_o think_v himself_o secure_a know_v that_o the_o notour_n adultery_n libel_v can_v never_o be_v prove_v and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinar_n conclusion_n among_o the_o doctor_n that_o si_fw-mi in_o libello_fw-la qualificato_fw-la omnes_fw-la qualitates_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la probaâ—ae_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la absolvendus_fw-la and_o albeit_o for_o evit_v this_o difficulty_n the_o conclusion_n in_o their_o libel_n use_v to_o be_v alternative_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v absolve_v he_o take_v instrument_n upon_o the_o libel_n as_o it_o be_v libel_v except_o the_o quality_n be_v express_o prove_v though_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o allow_v the_o party_n to_o declare_v that_o they_o insist_v alternative_o as_o say_v be_v by_o our_o law_n such_o as_o be_v divorce_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o adultery_n commit_v by_o themselves_o can_v thereafter_o marry_v the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n to_o have_v commit_v adultery_n and_o all_o such_o marriage_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o the_o act._n 22._o p._n 16._o i._o 6._o which_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o our_o law_n not_o only_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o the_o adultery_n already_o commit_v by_o lessen_v and_o narrow_n their_o choice_n but_o likewise_o as_o a_o mean_a to_o hinder_v any_o from_o commit_v adultery_n in_o expectation_n as_o be_v too_o ordinary_a of_o enjoy_v in_o a_o future_a marriage_n the_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v it_o and_o upon_o which_o expectation_n the_o adulterer_n may_v be_v probable_o tempt_v to_o kill_v the_o lawful_a husband_n or_o wife_n of_o that_o person_n with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v the_o same_o in_o which_o our_o law_n agree_v with_o the_o cannon_n
of_o achingter_n daughter_n 5._o july_n 1596._o yet_o i_o find_v that_o john_n kincaid_n have_v come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v feb._n 1601._o for_o ravish_a isobel_n hutchison_n a_o widow_n the_o king_n only_o fine_v he_o in_o 2500_o mark_n harry_n speed_n be_v hang_v 20._o feb._n 1639._o quia_fw-la laceravit_fw-la pudenda_fw-la pveri_fw-la which_o crime_n jul._n clar._n gothofred_n and_o other_o affirm_v to_o be_v also_o capital_a in_o their_o country_n i_o find_v one_o leiutenent_n ker_n pursue_v for_o ravish_v and_o away-taking_a robert_n cuninghame_n 6._o feb._n 1640._o but_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o species_n of_o plagium_n then_o of_o rapt_v vii_o since_o minor_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o adultery_n much_o more_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o a_o rapt_v since_o the_o injury_n be_v there_o both_o more_o attorcious_a and_o more_o unnatural_a and_o carp_n part_n 2._o quest._n 75._o give_v we_o several_a instance_n where_o this_o crime_n be_v capital_o punish_v in_o minor_n where_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o force_v even_o a_o common_a whore_n be_v capital_o punishable_a though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o they_o be_v infralegum_fw-la obseruantiam_fw-la and_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n who_o offend_v against_o it_o title_n xvii_o adultery_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o adultery_n and_o whether_o the_o lie_a with_o a_o unmarried_a woman_n or_o with_o a_o whore_n be_v adultery_n 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o our_o law_n 3._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o single_a and_o nottour_n adultery_n 4._o whether_o death_n can_v be_v inflict_v for_o single_a adultery_n in_o scotland_n 5._o whether_o the_o marriage_n ought_v to_o be_v prove_v 6._o who_o can_v be_v punish_v as_o accessory_n in_o adultery_n 7._o what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a in_o adultery_n 8._o whether_o a_o dicreet_a of_o devorce_n before_o the_o commissary_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v adultery_n in_o a_o criminal_a case_n 9_o whether_o he_o who_o hear_v his_o wife_n be_v dead_a marry_v another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n 10._o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intend_v for_o nottour_n adultery_n and_o single_a adultery_n only_o prove_v if_o the_o single_a adultery_n can_v be_v punish_v in_o that_o case_n 11._o how_o adulterous_a child_n succeed_v adultery_n be_v a_o sin_n whereby_o man_n not_o only_o violat_a the_o second_o table_n in_o wrong_v their_o neighbour_n by_o steal_v from_o he_o his_o quiet_a his_o good_a name_n the_o affection_n and_o person_n of_o his_o wife_n endeavour_v also_o ofttimes_o to_o steal_v his_o estate_n for_o the_o adulterous_a child_n but_o be_v likewise_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o in_o break_v of_o that_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n in_o marriage_n and_o contemn_v that_o holy_a and_o mighty_a majesty_n who_o be_v then_o call_v upon_o as_o judge_n and_o witness_v i._o adulterium_fw-la est_fw-la vitiatio_fw-la alterius_fw-la thori_fw-la the_o violation_n of_o another_o bed_n and_o be_v commit_v by_o a_o marry_a person_n lie_v with_o a_o unmarried_a or_o a_o unmarried_a person_n lie_v with_o one_o who_o be_v marry_v for_o albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n when_o a_o man_n who_o be_v marry_v do_v lie_v with_o a_o woman_n who_o be_v free_a that_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v no_o adultery_n and_o albeit_o the_o lie_a with_o a_o whore_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v judge_v no_o adultery_n l._n 22._o cod._n hoc_fw-la tit_n si_fw-mi ea_fw-la quae_fw-la stupro_fw-la tibi_fw-la cognita_fw-la est_fw-la &_o passim_fw-la venalem_fw-la formam_fw-la exhibuit_fw-la ac_fw-la prostitutam_fw-la meritricio_fw-la more_fw-it vulgo_fw-la se_fw-la praebuit_fw-la adulterii_fw-la crimen_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la cessat_fw-la upon_o which_o law_n the_o doctor_n conclude_v that_o though_o he_o who_o first_o debaush_v a_o woman_n with_o adultery_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n yet_o these_o who_o do_v thereafter_o debauch_v she_o can_v farr_n quest._n 141._o num_fw-la 85._o yet_o this_o be_v against_o both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o our_o law_n for_o the_o lie_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v still_o adultery_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o though_o she_o be_v a_o whore_n yet_o she_o be_v another_o man_n wife_n nor_o be_v the_o marriage_n dissolve_v by_o the_o adultery_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o if_o the_o woman_n with_o who_o the_o adultery_n be_v commit_v be_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v live_v as_o a_o common_a whore_n and_o the_o committer_n be_v a_o single_a man_n who_o know_v not_o of_o she_o be_v marry_v his_o punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o moderate_a upon_o that_o account_n but_o if_o the_o committer_n be_v marry_v the_o crime_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o woman_n be_v a_o whore_n or_o not_o since_o it_o be_v still_o a_o violation_n upon_o the_o man_n part_n to_o lie_v likewise_o with_o a_o man_n betroth_a or_o promise_a spouse_n or_o as_o we_o say_v his_o affidat_n spouse_n be_v adultery_n na_o nec_fw-la violare_fw-la licet_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la nec_fw-la spem_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la l._n 13._o §_o diu_fw-la 6._o ff_n h._n t._n which_o agree_v as_o i_o conceive_v with_o deu._n 22.23_o where_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o betroth_a virgin_n shall_v be_v stone_v as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o say_v verse_n 24._o he_o lie_v with_o his_o neighbour_n wife_n and_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o betroth_a virgin_n who_o be_v to_o be_v short_o marry_v render_v the_o succession_n as_o doubtful_a as_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o marry_a wife_n the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v death_n as_o some_o think_v by_o the_o julian_n law_n relegatio_fw-la or_o banishment_n as_o other_o think_v but_o certain_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n be_v the_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v by_o that_o excellent_a constitution_n leg_n quamvis_fw-la cod._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi albeit_o thereafter_o justinian_n do_v by_o the_o 134._o n._n cap._n 11._o remit_v to_o the_o woman_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o ordain_v she_o only_o to_o be_v imprison_v in_o a_o monastery_n by_o the_o law_n likewise_o of_o most_o nation_n adultery_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o pecuniary_a mulct_n albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n it_o be_v punishable_a by_o ston_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n to_o death_n 20._o deut._n 22._o which_o punishment_n some_o think_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v abrogate_a by_o our_o saviour_n because_o when_o the_o woman_n accuse_v for_o adultery_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o he_o do_v dismiss_v she_o without_o any_o punishment_n but_o this_o be_v very_o groundless_a for_o our_o saviour_n come_v not_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o such_o cause_n as_o himself_o declare_v and_o though_o he_o have_v be_v a_o judge_n yet_o she_o want_v a_o accuser_n iii_o our_o law_n divide_v adultery_n in_o that_o which_o be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o single_a adultery_n notour_fw-fr adultery_n be_v by_o the_o 74._o act_n parl._n 9_o q._n marry_o declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n after_o premonition_n be_v make_v to_o abstain_v from_o the_o say_v manifest_a and_o notour_n crime_n which_o premonition_n have_v its_o origin_n from_o auth._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr adult_n by_o which_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v thrice_o premonish_v not_o to_o converse_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o design_n of_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o punish_v a_o horrid_a abuse_n which_o be_v then_o ordinar_n viz._n the_o take_v away_o other_o man_n wife_n and_o keep_v they_o open_o as_o their_o own_o to_o the_o great_a contempt_n of_o law_n yet_o by_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o act_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o 105._o act_n 7._o parl._n i._n 6._o that_o be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v notour_n adultery_n where_o 1._o there_o be_v bairn_n one_o or_o more_o procreate_v betwixt_o the_o adulterer_n 2._o when_o they_o keep_v company_n or_o bed_n together_o notorious_o know_v 3._o when_o they_o be_v suspect_v of_o adultery_n and_o thereby_o give_v slander_n to_o the_o kirk_n whereupon_o be_v admonish_v to_o satisfy_v the_o kirk_n they_o contemptuous_o refuse_v and_o for_o their_o refusal_n they_o be_v excommunicate_a if_o either_o of_o which_o three_o degree_n be_v prove_v before_o the_o justice_n the_o committer_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o though_o by_o the_o first_o act_n premonition_n to_o abstain_v be_v still_o to_o be_v make_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o in_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o first_o case_n here_o relate_v it_o be_v declare_v necessary_a but_o since_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v premonish_v and_o thereafter_o converse_v except_o they_o converse_v in_o suspect_a place_n gribald_n de_fw-fr homicide_n num_fw-la 11._o it_o seem_v that_o in_o neither_o
bona_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr delicto_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la divi_z fratres_fw-la rescripserunt_fw-la l._n 1._o ne_fw-la quis_fw-la absens_fw-la puniatur_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utimur_fw-la ne_fw-la absens_fw-la damnetur_fw-la and_o that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v receive_v against_o absent_v in_o treason_n be_v clear_a by_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o albeit_o per_fw-mi extrav_fw-mi constitutionem_fw-la hen._n 7._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v receive_v in_o absence_n yet_o this_o be_v repute_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o no_o nation_n and_o by_o that_o extravagant_a constitution_n this_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o species_n of_o treason_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o albeit_o treason_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n punish_v after_o death_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v from_o that_o infer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o absence_n since_o after_o death_n the_o malice_n of_o unjust_a pursuer_n ordinary_o cease_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o death_n be_v then_o over_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o the_o pursuit_n be_v not_o so_o terrible_a nor_o dangerous_a and_o in_o these_o process_n the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v call_v who_o may_v propound_v against_o both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whatever_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o defunct_a whereas_o when_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v in_o absence_n for_o treason_n no_o man_n can_v in_o our_o law_n be_v admit_v to_o propound_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o his_o contumacy_n then_o if_o he_o compear_v to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o will_v prove_v too_o much_o for_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v as_o well_o press_v in_o absent_v for_o all_o other_o crime_n and_o against_o such_o as_o be_v absent_v in_o all_o the_o several_a inditement_n of_o treason_n and_o yet_o the_o justice_n be_v never_o allow_v even_o by_o the_o late_a act_n to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o the_o true_a answer_n to_o this_o seem_a absurdity_n be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o inhuman_a as_o to_o punish_v equal_o presume_v and_o real_a guilt_n what_o may_v be_v a_o crime_n as_o what_o be_v find_v one_o and_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o find_v that_o man_n have_v be_v absent_a rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o prevail_a faction_n or_o corrupt_a witness_n or_o by_o inadvertence_n or_o not_o be_v true_o cite_v or_o by_o be_v violent_o detain_v then_o out_o of_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n yet_o since_o so_o judicious_a a_o person_n propose_v this_o overture_n and_o since_o council_n session_n and_o parliament_n have_v fortify_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n i_o submit_v my_o judgement_n to_o their_o determination_n xxiv_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o his_o majesty_n to_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o private_a warrant_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n or_o as_o you_o shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o we_o and_o the_o certification_n here_o be_v indefinite_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v in_o case_n of_o contravention_n and_o 1._o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o contraveener_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o guilty_a of_o treason_n for_o only_a law_n can_v make_v traitor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o may_v be_v punish_v arbitrary_o if_o the_o command_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o case_n of_o importance_n since_o even_o inferior_a judge_n may_v punish_v such_o as_o contemn_v or_o disobey_v they_o in_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o jurisdiction_n likeas_n lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o obediens_fw-la praecepto_fw-la superioris_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la indignationis_fw-la est_fw-la arbitrarie_a puniendus_fw-la cabal_n casu_fw-la 30._o bald._n in_o l._n legis_fw-la virtus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib_n menoch_n case_z 365._o but_o in_o that_o case_n they_o determine_v that_o the_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n and_o though_o some_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n more_o severe_o than_o omission_n yet_o i_o conceive_v some_o omission_n may_v infer_v great_a contempt_n and_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o commission_n nor_o allow_v i_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o lucas_n de_fw-fr penna_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n ut_fw-la dignit_fw-la ord_n servet_fw-la who_o say_v that_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o if_o one_o be_v command_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o to_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o a_o enemy_n that_o then_o the_o contempt_n be_v to_o be_v severe_o punish_v by_o death_n but_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o mean_v than_o the_o contempt_n be_v only_o punishable_a arbitrary_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o make_v it_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o the_o person_n command_v be_v a_o soldier_n or_o one_o who_o be_v oblige_v by_o acceptation_n of_o his_o office_n to_o obey_v under_o that_o peril_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v rather_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o command_n as_o use_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n if_o contemn_v such_o as_o military_a command_n and_o in_o these_o the_o contempt_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n for_o custom_n come_v in_o place_n of_o law_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la who_o have_v undertake_v such_o a_o employment_n as_o require_v such_o obedience_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v any_o country_n gentleman_n or_o lawyer_n to_o fortify_v or_o keep_v a_o castle_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o their_o omission_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o lose_v of_o the_o prince_n favour_n &_o quod_fw-la princeps_fw-la non_fw-la exhibebit_fw-la se_fw-la gratiosum_fw-la which_o bartol_n make_v the_o punishment_n of_o that_o disobedience_n in_o all_o case_n ad_fw-la extrav_fw-mi qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o laese_n majesty_n be_v death_n l._n 5._o c._n h._n t._n animae_fw-la omissio_fw-la as_o justinian_n call_v it_o in_o his_o institution_n together_o with_o the_o confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o treason_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o his_o estate_n lie_v elsewhere_o c._n 2._o the_o constil_n in_o 6._o so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n his_o estate_n in_o france_n do_v not_o forfeit_a with_o we_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n be_v death_n and_o confiscation_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o traitor_n estate_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a feudal_n or_o allodial_a and_o the_o solemnity_n use_v in_o parliament_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o such_o sentence_n be_v that_o the_o panel_n receive_v his_o sentence_n kneel_v and_o that_o after_o the_o doom_n of_o the_o forefaulter_n be_v pronounce_v against_o he_o the_o lion_n and_o his_o brethren_n herald_n come_v in_o in_o their_o formality_n and_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o throne_n and_o thereafter_o hang_v up_o his_o escurchion_n reverse_v upon_o the_o cross_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a custom_n for_o as_o tacit_fw-la observe_v lib._n 5._o deterrere_fw-la omnes_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la culpa_fw-la volebant_fw-la non_fw-la poenae_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la mâ—tu_fw-la ut_fw-la nomen_fw-la è_fw-la fastis_fw-la deleretur_fw-la &_o effigy_n tolleretur_fw-la which_o be_v likewise_o clear_a l._n 24._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o flanders_n be_v clear_a by_o perez_n h._n t._n moribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la insignia_fw-la gentilia_fw-la delentur_fw-la &_o destruuntur_fw-la but_o this_o i_o think_v shall_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o other_o treason_n perez_n ibid._n num_fw-la 19_o another_o speciality_n introduce_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o perduellion_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v that_o memoria_fw-la damnabatur_fw-la and_o that_o his_o child_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o bruik_v any_o estate_n or_o office_n which_o the_o emperor_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n l._n 5._o c._n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n maj._n call_v a_o mitigation_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o child_n who_o as_o they_o say_v shall_v have_v die_v for_o their_o father_n crime_n but_o this_o be_v so_o unjust_a that_o no_o nation_n do_v now_o use_v it_o as_o matheus_n observe_v p._n 352._o and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o l._n crimen_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o the_o scripture_n deut._n chap._n 24._o vers._n 16._o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o amazias_n 2_o king_n 14.5_o 6._o will_v not_o kill_v such_o
the_o king_n will_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o magistrate_n do_v in_o thing_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n excuse_v the_o liedge_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o liedge_n rise_v in_o obedience_n to_o command_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o punishable_a except_o it_o be_v clear_o palpable_a to_o they_o that_o their_o insurrection_n be_v in_o contempt_n of_o his_o majesty_n authority_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la contra_fw-la evidentissimam_fw-la jussionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o see_v the_o liedge_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v their_o magistrate_n and_o to_o rise_v when_o he_o call_v they_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o without_o this_o allowance_n his_o majesty_n can_v not_o be_v serve_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o that_o obedience_n which_o will_v be_v punishable_a if_o they_o refuse_v it_o iii_o the_o convocate_a the_o liedge_n in_o band_n of_o man_n of_o war_n for_o daily_o or_o monthly_a wage_n without_o special_a licence_n be_v declare_v likewise_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 12._o act_n 10._o parl._n k._n ja._n 6._o and_o the_o make_n of_o all_o league_n and_o band_n among_o the_o liedge_n without_o his_o majesty_n consent_n be_v discharge_v and_o the_o contraveener_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o mover_n of_o sedition_n and_o unquietness_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o realm_n therefore_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o all_o rigour_n to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o both_o which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 4._o act_n 1._o ses._n charl._n 2._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o such_o sedition_n as_o these_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n since_o the_o make_n of_o bond_n and_o league_n among_o the_o liedge_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o foresay_a 4._o act_n to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a prerogative_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o usurp_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o to_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n simple_o without_o bond_n or_o league_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v treason_n much_o less_o the_o be_v present_a as_o such_o convocation_n though_o in_o arm_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o baxter_n who_o be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o convocation_n raise_v against_o the_o customer_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o naked_a assistance_n at_o such_o meeting_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi be_v not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v death_n but_o only_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 1._o whereby_o all_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o travel_v with_o more_o not_o they_o can_v sustain_v and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o may_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n till_o the_o king_n declare_v his_o will_n and_o by_o the_o 85._o act_n 6._o parl._n i._n 1._o elect_v of_o deacon_n be_v discharge_v as_o sedition_n convocation_n be_v allow_v in_o some_o case_n as_o for_o pursue_v of_o thief_n and_o sorner_n as_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 247._o this_o crime_n of_o simple_a convocation_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v before_o the_o council_n and_o be_v seldom_o punish_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n tanquum_fw-la crimen_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o as_o the_o agradge_v quality_n of_o a_o riot_n or_o other_o crime_n title_n viii_o poison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o poison_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o far_o the_o give_v good_a drug_n irregular_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o the_o poison_a jew_n or_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v punishable_a 4._o whether_o the_o poison_a beast_n or_o field_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o statute_n 5._o whether_o endeavour_n to_o poison_n be_v punishable_a 6._o the_o aggravation_n of_o this_o crime_n 1._o poison_n be_v by_o our_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v treason_n act_n 31.7_o parl._n ja._n 2._o by_o which_o all_o person_n be_v discharge_v to_o bring_v home_o poison_n for_o any_o use_n by_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o that_o be_v convict_v they_o shall_v forefault_v to_o the_o king_n life_n land_n and_o good_n but_o notwithstanding_o of_o these_o word_n for_o any_o manner_n or_o use_n apothecary_n and_o other_o do_v daily_o bring_v home_o poison_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o bring_v the_o same_o home_n not_o as_o poison_n but_o as_o drug_n and_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o liedge_n be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o that_o poison_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o skilful_a man_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n gothofr_v prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o buy_n or_o give_v of_o poison_n be_v declare_v treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o find_v no_o instance_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n where_o any_o have_v be_v convict_v as_o traitor_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a john_n dick_n for_o poison_v his_o brother_n and_o sister_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v but_o be_v not_o forefault_n ult_n march_n 1649._o if_o any_o stranger_n bring_v home_o poison_n any_o manner_n of_o way_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 32._o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o that_o no_o remission_n or_o safe_a conduct_n shall_v be_v profitable_a to_o they_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o severity_n proceed_v from_o the_o abominableness_n of_o that_o crime_n plus_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la hominem_fw-la veneno_fw-la necare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la dicit_fw-la gloss_n in_fw-ge §_o ead_n lâ—ge_a just_a de_fw-fr publicis_fw-la judicibus_fw-la per_fw-la textum_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n for_o he_o to_o who_o poison_n be_v give_v can_v defend_v himself_o and_o poison_n be_v a_o way_n of_o death_n so_o much_o hate_v that_o though_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v execution_n by_o the_o sword_n yet_o it_o have_v never_o allow_v any_o execution_n by_o poison_n those_o who_o give_v poison_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v venenarii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v only_o punish_v capital_o per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n de_fw-fr sicariis_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o adl_v cornel._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n clarus_n quest._n 4._o vers_fw-la fin_fw-fr but_o the_o body_n must_v in_o this_o case_n be_v sight_v by_o physician_n and_o the_o poisonous_a quality_n must_v be_v prove_v the_o buy_n of_o poison_n though_o with_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v thereby_o if_o murder_n do_v not_o actual_o ensue_v be_v not_o think_v capital_a by_o the_o doctor_n but_o only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la gothofred_n prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la num_fw-la 21._o yet_o with_o we_o the_o very_a buy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n capital_a ii_o whether_o to_o give_v drug_n that_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n poisonable_a too_o frequent_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o law_n or_o as_o murder_v or_o be_v punishable_a at_o all_o be_v debate_v in_o kennedy_n case_n the_o 8._o of_o february_n 1676._o and_o that_o it_o be_v punishable_a be_v contend_v because_o venenum_fw-la or_o pharmacon_n be_v in_o law_n nomen_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o express_v good_a drug_n as_o well_o as_o ill_o l._n venenum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n and_o the_o best_a of_o drug_n give_v in_o great_a excess_n be_v poison_n for_o poison_n consist_v in_o excess_n of_o quantity_n as_o well_o as_o quality_n and_o whatever_o overpower_n our_o nature_n be_v poisonable_a to_o we_o and_o since_o the_o one_o may_v kill_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o kill_v be_v that_o which_o be_v punish_v the_o law_n shall_v punish_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o here_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v be_v communicate_v to_o kennedie_n and_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v mere_a poison_n leave_v the_o external_a mark_n after_o death_n shall_v discover_v that_o poison_n be_v give_v but_o that_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o give_v constant_a purgation_n to_o be_v throw_v in_o by_o his_o servant_n in_o his_o drink_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o that_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o disease_n he_o have_v a_o flux_n all_o which_o circumstance_n show_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
prove_v design_n which_o be_v a_o secret_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n all_o kill_v be_v always_o punishable_a by_o death_n except_o some_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o chance_n self-defence_n etc._n etc._n be_v allege_v upon_o by_o the_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v here_o ask_v if_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o strike_v with_o his_o fist_n or_o a_o batton_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o no_o mortal_a weapon_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o the_o party_n strike_v there_o by_o he_o die_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v hard_a that_o he_o shall_v see_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v can_v be_v here_o presume_v &_o maleficia_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o affectus_fw-la distinguunt_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 5._o cap._n wil._n reg._n num_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v say_v that_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la interficiat_fw-la cum_fw-la pugno_fw-la dabit_fw-la regi_fw-la 25._o vaccas_fw-la &_o satisfaciet_fw-la parentelae_fw-la defuncti_fw-la secundum_fw-la assisam_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o strike_v with_o the_o fist_n be_v not_o capital_a albeit_o death_n follow_v murder_n premeditate_a may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o species_n which_o be_v simple_o such_o assasination_n murder_n under_o trust_n and_o self_n murder_n xvi_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v with_o we_o when_o a_o party_n who_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o assurance_n and_o trust_n of_o another_o be_v murder_v by_o he_o and_o this_o be_v by_o a_o special_a statute_n punish_v as_o treason_n act._n 51._o p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o word_n be_v where_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v under_o the_o trai_v credit_n assurance_n and_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n the_o party_n be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a thereof_o by_o a_o assize_n it_o shall_v be_v treason_n and_o the_o person_n find_v culpable_a shall_v forefault_v life_n land_n and_o good_n what_o this_o credit_n and_o assurance_n be_v have_v oft_o be_v question_v and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o origin_n of_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o murder_n of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o invite_v his_o neighbour_n to_o a_o feast_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o all_o his_o relation_n in_o his_o own_o house_n so_o that_o invitation_n be_v one_o branch_n of_o this_o trust_n 2._o assurance_n signify_v that_o when_o two_o person_n be_v at_o fead_z and_o the_o one_o have_v find_v borrow_v to_o one_o another_o act_n 97._o ja._n 1._o p._n 6.3_o where_o person_n at_o variance_n be_v under_o capitulation_n 4_o this_o act_n have_v be_v stretch_v to_o the_o conjugal_a trust_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1627._o andrew_n row_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o process_n intent_a against_o swintoun_n for_o kill_v his_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1666._o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o trust_v as_o this_o the_o pusurer_n restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o murder_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n anno._n 1665._o find_v that_o a_o son_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n be_v not_o a_o murder_n under_o trust_n punishable_a by_o this_o act_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o both_o kill_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n fall_v under_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o act_n where_o the_o party_n be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n this_o species_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v proditio_fw-la which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la sub_fw-la praetextu_fw-la amicitiae_fw-la v_o g._n dum_fw-la sederem_fw-la tecum_fw-la in_o mensa_fw-la vel_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la fingerem_fw-la which_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o more_o severe_a death_n then_o ordinar_n murder_n and_o in_o spain_n the_o betrayer_n or_o proditor_n for_o even_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treachery_n or_o treason_n trahitur_fw-la ad_fw-la caudam_fw-la equi_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la furca_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la gomez_n by_o that_o act_n likewise_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o though_o mr._n james_n oliphant_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o kill_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v treason_n yet_o his_o forefaulter_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o simple_a denunciation_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n because_o a_o trial_n be_v requisite_a in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 137._o act_n 13_o par._n ja._n 6._o the_o kill_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o inner_a tolbuith_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o inner_a house_n of_o the_o session_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o council-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o kill_v any_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n or_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n any_o where_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n xvii_o what_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n can_v hardly_o be_v define_v for_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o assize_n a_o design_n to_o murder_n though_o no_o murder_n follow_v affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la l._n 1._o be_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la telo_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la corn._n de_fw-fr sicar_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n the_o punishment_n now_o reach_v not_o life_n clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 74._o and_o i_o find_v that_o matthew_n stewart_n be_v pursue_v for_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o thomas_n kennedie_n come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o be_v only_o banish_v mart_n 1597._o as_o also_o i_o find_v that_o though_o lawson_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n yet_o she_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o violent_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o she_o and_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n the_o justice_n therefore_o do_v ordain_v she_o to_o be_v whip_v and_o banish_v 20_o august_n 1662._o and_o margaret_n ramsay_n have_v confess_v that_o she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n and_o be_v advise_v to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o north-loch_n which_o she_o do_v not_o though_o without_o her_o knowledge_n it_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o justices_z though_o she_o be_v assoylzy_v by_o the_o inquest_n ordain_v she_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v 1661._o xviii_o though_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o prosecution_n of_o law_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murderer_n yet_o if_o they_o exceed_v they_o be_v punishable_a not_o only_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la arbitrary_o but_o even_o paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la as_o murderer_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v decide_v the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1672._o in_o the_o person_n of_o mr._n archibald_n beath_n who_o be_v pannel_v for_o kill_a allan_n gairdiner_n allege_v that_o the_o council_n have_v by_o their_o act_n and_o proclamation_n ordain_v all_o meal_n bring_v from_o ireland_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o and_o the_o boat_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sink_v in_o prosecution_n whereof_o gardiner_n meal_n be_v seize_v he_o break_v the_o seizure_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n and_o other_o he_o be_v command_v to_o stay_v his_o boat_n but_o be_v so_o fare_v from_o obey_v though_o command_v in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o he_o have_v run_v almost_o down_o the_o panel_n little_a boat_n who_o be_v thereupon_o force_v to_o shoot_v at_o they_o and_o though_o this_o act_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la degenerate_a into_o a_o act_n of_o kill_v yet_o no_o kill_n be_v at_o first_o intend_v and_o the_o rise_v of_o all_o such_o action_n be_v to_o be_v first_o consider_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v civiliter_fw-la and_o do_v only_o empower_v the_o liege_n to_o seize_v but_o not_o to_o kill_v and_o all_o mandate_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v ad_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la mandans_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la non_fw-la mandasset_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la solitus_fw-la est_fw-la mandare_fw-la si_fw-la aliquando_fw-la mandat_fw-la non_fw-la mandat_fw-la nisi_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la servata_fw-la but_o it_o can_v be_v subsume_v that_o the_o council_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o importer_n of_o such_o victual_n to_o be_v kill_v nor_o do_v they_o use_v to_o intrust_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o law_n to_o minister_n and_o if_o they_o have_v design_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o prohibition_n shall_v reach_v death_n they_o will_v have_v express_o allow_v the_o seizer_n to_o kill_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o such_o case_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o though_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o concur_v because_o of_o his_o function_n yet_o concur_v as_o a_o subject_a he_o be_v not_o punishable_a therefore_o capital_o and_o if_o a_o minister_n shall_v concur_v when_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v raise_v after_o a_o night_n thief_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n do_v assist_v such_o as_o pursue_v rebel_n and_o shall_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o conclude_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v
account_v as_o distract_a person_n and_o if_o they_o be_v punishable_a for_o any_o crime_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n vii_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o too_o ordinary_a for_o woman_n who_o bear_v bastard_n to_o murder_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o obviate_v this_o the_o law_n presume_v so_o far_o a_o woman_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v conceal_v she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o parricide_n if_o the_o child_n be_v find_v dead_a that_o it_o punish_v she_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n except_o she_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1595_o vid._n cod._a fab_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la parent_n occid_n def._n 11._o and_o with_o we_o lawson_n and_o ramsey_n be_v both_o scourge_v annis_fw-la 1661._o and_o 1662._o even_o though_o they_o be_v assoylzy_v from_o the_o murder_n but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v severe_a if_o the_o woman_n open_o acknowledge_v that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n though_o none_o be_v present_a when_o she_o bring_v it_o forth_o and_o in_o all_o such_o case_n woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n the_o take_a potion_n also_o to_o make_v one_o part_n with_o child_n abortum_fw-la procurans_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o species_n of_o parricide_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o she_o thus_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v she_o own_o child_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n l._n cicero_n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la and_o though_o the_o doctor_n distinguish_v here_o betwixt_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n after_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a or_o before_o it_o make_v it_o capital_a in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o yet_o they_o presume_v that_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a quod_fw-la fetus_fw-la erat_fw-la animatus_fw-la and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la and_o burden_v the_o delinquent_a to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a gomes_n the_o delict_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 32._o assert_n that_o this_o be_v presume_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n but_o ecclesiastic_a punishment_n and_o since_o to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a i_o incline_v to_o gomesius_n his_o opinion_n but_o yet_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n be_v quick_a be_v arbitrary_o punishable_a as_o be_v even_o the_o use_v mean_n to_o hâ—nder_a conception_n marsil_n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la mulierem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr sicar_n and_o in_o these_o case_n both_o the_o physician_n who_o administrat_n the_o cure_n and_o the_o woman_n who_o take_v be_v equal_o punishable_a marsil_n ibid._n viii_o so_o horrid_a be_v parricide_n that_o what_o will_v be_v but_o a_o degree_n of_o guilt_n in_o other_o crime_n make_v a_o complete_a crime_n here_o and_o thus_o a_o child_n endeavour_v to_o poison_v his_o father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o to_o kill_v parent_n by_o give_v they_o wound_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n in_o savoy_n c._n fab_n h._n t._n though_o the_o wound_a parent_n intercee_v to_o the_o contrair_a and_o the_o son_n who_o buy_v poison_n to_o poison_v his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v it_o carer_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 128._o for_o which_o crime_n suffer_v with_o the_o son_n the_o physician_n who_o furnish_v the_o drug_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 2._o basil_n h._n t._n and_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o son_n the_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o but_o regular_o these_o stranger_n be_v not_o capital_o punishable_a for_o such_o a_o accession_n except_o the_o crime_n take_v effect_n and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o nation_n though_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o basilick_n they_o who_o be_v conscious_a or_o lend_v the_o money_n or_o be_v surety_n for_o money_n to_o be_v so_o bestow_v be_v guilty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o son_n to_o kill_v his_o father_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o parricide_n caepol_n consil._n 36._o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a since_o to_o give_v poison_n to_o kill_v a_o father_n seem_v equal_a guilt_n to_o give_v a_o son_n command_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n as_o these_o circumstance_n heighten_v parricide_n so_o there_o be_v some_o which_o restrict_n the_o punishment_n as_o if_o the_o father_n shall_v find_v that_o his_o son_n have_v lyen_fw-we with_o his_o own_o mother-in-law_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lawyer_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v only_o punish_v by_o banishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o that_o general_o for_o whatever_o crime_n or_o fault_n a_o father_n may_v exheredat_fw-la a_o son_n that_o the_o same_o fault_n will_v excuse_v the_o father_n from_o death_n if_o he_o kill_v his_o son_n l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr paricid_n &_o cabal_n case_z 15._o some_o also_o think_v that_o a_o woman_n kill_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v banish_v and_o upon_o who_o head_n a_o fine_n be_v put_v be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n because_o her_o husband_n be_v nullus_fw-la injure_v and_o law_n allow_v all_o to_o kill_v such_o a_o person_n without_o any_o distinction_n betwixt_o wife_n or_o other_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n have_v conclude_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n since_o such_o sentence_n lose_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v natural_a obligation_n but_o he_o be_v still_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o law_n own_v so_o far_o the_o relation_n as_o not_o to_o punish_v she_o for_o omit_v to_o kill_v he_o or_o for_o cohabit_v with_o he_o cub_n consil_n 278._o a_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n by_o accident_n ought_v not_o to_o die_v and_o therefore_o much_o less_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n this_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o be_v prescribe_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n fourteen_o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 1._o what_o incest_n be_v and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o incest_n by_o our_o law_n 3._o sodomy_n how_o punish_v 4._o bestiality_n how_o punish_v incest_n be_v define_v by_o the_o civilian_n to_o be_v faeda_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o fâ—minae_fw-la commixtio_fw-la contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la sanguini_fw-la debitam_fw-la incest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o country_n all_o copulation_n betwixt_o ascendant_n and_o descendant_n such_o as_o grandfather_n father_n mother_n son_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o all_o acknowledge_a to_o be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o brother_n lie_v with_o the_o sister_n be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o roman_a catholic_n allege_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v therewith_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o difference_n betwixt_o that_o incest_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o second_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o the_o pain_n of_o incest_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v death_n but_o when_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v only_a deportation_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o three_o difference_n be_v that_o incest_n commit_v only_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n be_v excuse_v in_o a_o woman_n in_o figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la but_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o but_o the_o man_n be_v inexcusable_a in_o either_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num._n 5._o the_o four_o difference_n be_v that_o if_o a_o marriage_n contract_v be_v rescind_v as_o incestuous_a all_o the_o committer_n good_n be_v confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o tocher_n and_o jointure_n be_v only_o confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v only_o commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n matheus_n ii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o above-written_a distinction_n but_o it_o be_v universal_o statut._n act_n 14._o p._n 1._o i._o 6._o that_o whosoever_o pollute_v his_o body_n with_o such_o person_n in_o degree_n as_o god_n word_n do_v contain_v in_o the_o 18._o of_o leviticus_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n albeit_o by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n whosoever_o abuse_v his_o body_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o as_o actual_o copulat_v be_v only_o punishable_a by_o this_o act_n yet_o i_o think_v nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n as_o it_o be_v in_o
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
law_n by_o which_o non_fw-la licebat_fw-la ducere_fw-la eam_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la quam_fw-la quis_fw-la polluit_fw-la adulterio_fw-la but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o only_o hold_v where_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a divorce_n upon_o the_o adultery_n prior_n to_o the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o a_o present_a marriage_n can_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o contracter_n have_v commit_v adultery_n during_o their_o former_a marriage_n this_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v such_o marriage_n unlawful_a it_o do_v very_o consequential_o declare_v the_o succession_n to_o be_v beget_v by_o such_o unlawful_a conjunction_n to_o be_v unhabile_fw-la to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o these_o parent_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o it_o doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v disposition_n from_o their_o adulterous_a parent_n but_o i_o conceive_v as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n for_o though_o the_o law_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o receive_v a_o disposition_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o far_a check_n upon_o the_o adulterer_n who_o child_n can_v no_o way_n be_v gratify_v by_o those_o with_o who_o they_o commit_v the_o crime_n yet_o since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la arbyter_n rei_fw-la suae_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o use_n of_o his_o property_n because_o he_o have_v commit_v adultery_n i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n such_o bastard_n as_o be_v bear_v in_o adultery_n or_o incest_n who_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v nati_fw-la ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la coitu_fw-la can_v neither_o succeed_v to_o their_o vicious_a parent_n nor_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o parent_n testament_n cum_fw-la ita_fw-la facilius_fw-la paterna_fw-la libido_fw-la coercere_fw-la possess_v censeatur_fw-la l._n fin._n c._n the_o nat_n lib._n bald._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr aur._n nor_o can_v they_o be_v adopt_v by_o their_o parent_n l._n legem_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr na_fw-fr lib._n upon_o which_o principle_n our_o parliament_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o 117._o act._n par._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o have_v streatched_a it_o a_o little_a further_o than_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v for_o by_o that_o statute_n a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o her_o adultery_n marry_v thereafter_o the_o person_n with_o who_o she_o commit_v the_o adultery_n for_o which_o she_o be_v divorce_v or_o dwell_v and_o resort_v in_o company_n with_o he_o at_o bed_n and_o buird_v can_v dispone_v her_o land_n or_o set_v tack_n thereof_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o will_v otherways_o have_v succeed_v to_o she_o from_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o since_o the_o woman_n be_v only_o incapacitat_fw-la to_o dispone_fw-la in_o this_o case_n that_o therefore_o a_o man_n though_o divorce_v for_o adultery_n may_v lawful_o dispone_v his_o land_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o child_n procreate_v in_o that_o adultery_n this_o prohibition_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o woman_n because_o of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o her_o sex_n who_o may_v be_v tempt_v or_o seduce_v more_o easy_o than_o man_n can_v be_v and_o yet_o since_o the_o presumption_n do_v only_o run_v against_o the_o adulterous_a child_n procreate_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o mother_n will_v have_v prefer_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o and_o slight_v husband_n it_o seem_v strange_a why_o any_o deed_n do_v by_o she_o in_o prejudice_n of_o not_o only_o those_o child_n but_o even_o of_o any_o of_o her_o heir_n will_v be_v null_a though_o do_v in_o favour_n of_o neither_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n nor_o his_o child_n but_o even_o in_o favour_n of_o mere_a stranger_n who_o the_o law_n need_v not_o have_v suspect_v but_o this_o be_v certain_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o mother_n fraudulent_a convyance_n who_o may_v have_v transmit_v the_o estate_n to_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n or_o his_o posterity_n or_o friend_n under_o borrow_a name_n the_o discover_v of_o such_o contryvance_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o the_o hazard_n of_o not_o discover_v being_n very_o great_a i_o conceive_v likeways_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o personal_a bond_n upon_o which_o the_o estate_n be_v thereafter_o comprise_v from_o the_o mother_n may_v be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v easy_o cheat_v and_o the_o statute_n itself_o declare_v all_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_n heir_n direct_o or_o indirect_o to_o be_v null_a and_o yet_o since_o the_o mother_n remain_v still_o fire_n notwhithstand_v of_o this_o prohibition_n i_o see_v not_o why_o a_o bond_n and_o comprise_v lead_v thereon_o for_o debt_n true_o owe_v by_o the_o mother_n can_v be_v quarrel_v where_o nothing_o be_v fraudulent_o design_v against_o this_o act_n and_o though_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o prior_n marriage_n or_o the_o woman_n heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o act_n will_v not_o militat_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la since_o a_o last_o heir_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v a_o true_a heir_n title_n xviii_o bigamy_n 1_o what_o be_v bigamy_n by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o punish_v 2_o why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n 3_o whether_o quaker_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o bigamy_n 4_o whether_o long_a absence_n may_v excuse_v in_o this_o crime_n 5_o whether_o the_o marriage_n sine_fw-la concubitu_fw-la infer_v bigamy_n 6_o whether_o a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o adultery_n marry_v again_o be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n that_o a_o man_n may_v marry_v two_o wife_n be_v allow_v by_o many_o nation_n and_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o only_o the_o german_n among_o all_o the_o nation_n be_v content_a with_o one_o but_o no_o nation_n allow_v that_o a_o wife_n shall_v marry_v two_o husband_n which_o be_v do_v either_o because_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n and_o so_o be_v kind_a to_o themselves_o in_o allow_v themselves_o that_o liberty_n they_o deny_v to_o poor_a woman_n or_o else_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v because_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o man_n prejudge_v the_o people_n the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o a_o man_n marry_v more_o wife_n be_v advantageous_a for_o it_o and_o the_o law_n say_v that_o more_o chastity_n be_v require_v in_o woman_n then_o in_o man_n and_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a than_o they_o bigamy_n be_v therefore_o more_o unnatural_a in_o woman_n i._o yet_o in_o our_o law_n either_o a_o man_n marry_v two_o wife_n or_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o husband_n commit_v bigamy_n and_o this_o be_v account_v by_o the_o 19_o act_n 5._o par._n q._n marry_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v at_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o be_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o queen_n will_n and_o as_o infamous_a person_n never_o to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n or_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v ii_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n see_v it_o may_v be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o be_v ordinary_o so_o to_o which_o difficulty_n i_o think_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o lawyer_n whether_o bigamy_n be_v punishable_a as_o adultery_n or_o as_o stuprum_fw-la or_o fornicatio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n they_o contend_v because_o god_n allow_v bigamy_n but_o he_o never_o allow_v adultery_n 2._o many_o nation_n allow_v bigamy_n who_o condemn_v adultery_n and_o l._n 2._o c._n the_o incest_n nupt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o vemini_fw-la licet_fw-la dvas_fw-la vxores_fw-la ducere_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n be_v not_o subjoin_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v that_o praefes_fw-la provinciae_fw-la hoc_fw-la inultum_fw-la non_fw-la patietur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o their_o marry_n show_v some_o more_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n then_o adultery_n &_o obfiguram_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la 3._o when_o bigamy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n declare_v punishable_a only_o as_o perjury_n and_o not_o by_o death_n even_o incorrigible_a and_o manifest_a adulteres_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v clear_a as_o by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o the_o act_n against_o notour_n adulterer_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n be_v not_o make_v till_o the_o 9_o the_o parl._n q._n marry_o i_o know_v that_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arb_n case_z 420._o think_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o adultery_n and_o i_o do_v think_v that_o if_o the_o marriage_n be_v contract_v upon_o design_n
pâ—sse_fw-la crimina_fw-la vel_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la vel_fw-la apertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la vel_fw-la judiciis_fw-la judubitatis_fw-la probari_fw-la &_o l._n 2._o ff_n quon_n apple_n non_fw-fr recip_n ubi_fw-la jubetur_fw-la curialis_fw-la observare_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la homicidarum_fw-la adulterorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n argumentis_fw-la convictus_fw-la testibus_fw-la superatus_fw-la vel_fw-la voce_fw-la propria_fw-la confessus_fw-la audiatur_fw-la apellare_fw-la 2._o since_o witness_n be_v only_o believe_v because_o it_o be_v presume_v they_o will_v not_o damn_v themselves_o why_o may_v not_o other_o presumption_n be_v likewise_o receive_v 3._o presumption_n be_v in_o many_o case_n allow_v as_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n as_o the_o presumption_n of_o cohabitation_n after_o the_o party_n be_v discharge_v be_v sufficient_a be_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o infer_v adultery_n 4._o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n be_v ofttimes_o found_v upon_o presumption_n as_o when_o they_o depon_n upon_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la ebriety_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n 5._o many_o have_v be_v condemn_v upon_o presumption_n as_o janet_n brown_n who_o be_v convict_v for_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n upon_o presumption_n and_o hang_v according_o the_o 25._o of_o june_n 1614_o and_o scot_n be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o kill_v of_o drumlanrig_n sheep_n the_o 20._o of_o february_n 1616._o and_o after_o a_o solemn_a debate_n how_o far_o presumption_n can_v prove_v in_o criminal_o in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n he_o be_v convict_v and_o hang_v for_o falsehood_n upon_o presumption_n in_o anno_fw-la 1662._o this_o difficulty_n have_v force_v some_o of_o the_o doctor_n to_o conclude_v that_o this_o case_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o other_o to_o conclude_v that_o presumption_n may_v infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la cod._n fab_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr paen_fw-la which_o last_o opinion_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n coincident_a with_o the_o first_o for_o in_o arbitrary_a case_n the_o judge_n can_v never_o proceed_v to_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v well_o found_v because_o not_o only_o the_o commit_n of_o crime_n but_o even_o the_o give_v of_o scandal_n and_o the_o do_v that_o which_o be_v like_o a_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n punish_v but_o this_o arbitrariness_n shall_v only_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o council_n who_o be_v a_o supreme_a judicatory_a and_o be_v in_o such_o extraordinary_a case_n tie_v to_o no_o express_a law_n title_n xxvi_o probation_n by_o witness_n 1._o how_o witness_n be_v cite_v with_o we_o 2._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la ultronei_fw-la 3._o what_o witness_n be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n 4._o when_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n and_o when_o not_o 5._o how_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v witness_n 6._o person_n guilty_a of_o crime_n can_v be_v admit_v 7._o person_n within_o degree_n defendant_n be_v not_o admit_v and_o who_o these_o be_v 8._o domestic_a servant_n when_o admit_v 9_o movable_a tenant_n 10._o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la 11._o defender_n cite_v as_o party_n 12._o what_o time_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o hability_n of_o a_o witness_n 13._o whether_o witness_n inhabile_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n 14._o who_o be_v testes_fw-la singulares_fw-la 15._o the_o contrariety_n in_o deposition_n consider_v 16._o causa_fw-la scientiae_fw-la 17._o witness_n ad_fw-la futuram_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la 18._o it_o be_v now_o necessary_a to_o give_v in_o a_o list_n to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o witness_n name_n who_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v against_o he_o 19_o absent_a witness_n how_o punish_v and_o compel_v 20._o what_o number_n may_v be_v cite_v for_o prove_v each_o crime_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o raise_v of_o a_o summons_n that_o summons_n contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o cite_v witness_n but_o if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o justice_n grant_v warrant_n by_o precept_n for_o cite_v of_o witness_n at_o the_o day_n of_o compearance_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi give_v in_o with_o his_o execute_v summons_n execution_n likewise_o against_o the_o witness_n and_o if_o the_o execution_n against_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o legal_a the_o diet_n be_v desert_v but_o if_o the_o witness_n be_v lawful_o cite_v and_o compear_v not_o of_o old_a there_o be_v a_o warrant_n give_v to_o apprehend_v they_o and_o the_o diet_n be_v continue_v but_o now_o there_o be_v formal_a letter_n of_o caption_n give_v under_o the_o signet_n of_o the_o session_n and_o not_o of_o the_o justice-court_n and_o the_o letter_n be_v still_o raise_v by_o the_o justice-clerk_n deputâ—_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a clerk_n of_o court_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n refuse_v to_o apprehend_v the_o witness_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o caption_n the_o letter_n will_v be_v direct_a against_o himself_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o this_o be_v first_o observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackalla_n against_o lindsay_n after_o the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o panel_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n he_o ask_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi wat_fw-mi way_n he_o will_v prove_v his_o libel_n and_o if_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v choose_v as_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n to_o be_v use_v ii_o the_o justice_n desire_v the_o clerk_n to_o call_v the_o witness_n and_o if_o any_o be_v give_v in_o in_o the_o list_n against_o who_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a execution_n it_o be_v allege_v they_o can_v be_v receive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n and_o be_v found_v upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o he_o who_o offer_v himself_o to_o depon_n without_o be_v lawful_o cite_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v too_o desirous_a to_o depon_n and_o so_o to_o have_v malice_n these_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronâ—i_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o justice_n sometime_o receive_v witness_n cite_v apud_fw-la acta_fw-la as_o alexander_n forester_n against_o a_o witch_n the_o 3._o of_o august_n 1661._o so_o though_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v a_o witness_n who_o appear_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a citation_n and_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o they_o will_v receive_v some_o though_o not_o at_o all_o cite_v for_o the_o first_o show_v a_o compliance_n but_o not_o the_o last_o all_o the_o objection_n against_o the_o wittess_n be_v discuss_v before_o they_o be_v swear_v for_o it_o be_v below_o the_o majesty_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o administrat_fw-la the_o same_o unnecessary_o before_o it_o be_v know_v whether_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administrat_fw-la will_v be_v receive_v to_o object_v against_o a_o witness_n in_o our_o law_n be_v call_v to_o cast_v a_o witness_n or_o to_o set_v he_o and_o by_o the_o doctor_n it_o be_v call_v to_o repel_v a_o witness_n but_o because_o objection_n against_o the_o witness_n or_o oppositiones_fw-la contra_fw-la testes_fw-la as_o farinacius_n call_v they_o be_v so_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o he_o and_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o particular_a objection_n which_o be_v mention_v and_o make_v use_v of_o frequent_o in_o our_o law_n and_o practic_a and_o in_o law_n these_o objection_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o as_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la and_o these_o which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o treat_v of_o these_o objection_n which_o be_v use_v contra_fw-la personas_fw-la testium_fw-la iii_o witness_n be_v not_o admit_v with_o we_o if_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o king_n unlaw_n which_o we_o interpret_v to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o value_n of_o another_o estate_n this_o objection_n be_v find_v therefore_o only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o witness_n himself_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ruchead_n against_o muire_n the_o 9_o of_o december_n 1668._o but_o this_o seem_v strange_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o he_o will_v depon_n unjust_o why_o it_o shall_v believe_v he_o as_o to_o his_o own_o quality_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n when_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o great_a the_o be_v know_v to_o be_v a_o actual_a beggar_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a per_fw-la se_fw-la to_o cast_v a_o witness_n without_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o witness_n oath_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o presumption_n that_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v liable_a to_o impression_n and_o such_o as_o be_v poor_a be_v express_o repel_v from_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n stat_fw-la 2._o rob._n and_o they_o be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n iu_o woman_n regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o witness_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o criminal_a case_n with_o we_o nor_o shall_v they_o make_v as_o much_o faith_n with_o we_o
without_o insert_v any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n wherein_o also_o i_o find_v that_o malefactor_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n for_o bestiality_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o one_o who_o assert_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v a_o curiosity_n he_o contract_v at_o his_o see_v one_o execute_v for_o it_o and_o in_o such_o crime_n no_o man_n needs_o to_o be_v deter_v nor_o wâ—ll_n terror_n restrain_v he_o who_o nature_n can_v since_o than_o execution_n for_o some_o crime_n incite_v some_o to_o curiosity_n and_o vex_v other_o with_o horror_n and_o be_v necessary_a to_o none_o some_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o punish_v private_o then_o public_o and_o thus_o such_o person_n as_o be_v popular_a and_o be_v execute_v only_o for_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o people_n have_v a_o kindness_n will_v be_v more_o happy_o execute_v private_o then_o public_o because_o the_o person_n execute_v be_v by_o public_a execution_n obleidge_v to_o die_v rebellious_o and_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v in_o their_o good_a opinion_n of_o they_o by_o their_o courage_n at_o death_n ii_o constantine_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v crucify_v and_o this_o he_o do_v because_o of_o his_o respect_n to_o the_o cross_n he_o likewise_o do_v forbid_v to_o stigmatize_v the_o face_n l._n 17._o c._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la because_o the_o face_n be_v god_n image_n martyrus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o banishment_n be_v not_o lawful_a lest_o the_o person_n so_o punish_v shall_v be_v force_v to_o live_v among_o turk_n and_o other_o by_o who_o he_o may_v become_v more_o flagitious_a then_o former_o and_o i_o have_v oft_o think_v it_o inhuman_a to_o send_v our_o malefactor_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o imprudent_a because_o it_o will_v occasion_v the_o send_n of_o they_o from_o home_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v likewise_o trouble_v with_o such_o as_o they_o have_v banish_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o correction-house_n will_v be_v both_o safe_a and_o more_o advantageous_a for_o in_o these_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o public_a who_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o with_o we_o no_o judge_n can_v confine_v a_o man_n who_o he_o banish_v to_o any_o place_n without_o his_o jurisdiction_n because_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n over_o other_o country_n and_o so_o can_v make_v any_o act_n nor_o pronounce_v any_o sentence_n relative_a to_o they_o torture_v punishment_n at_o death_n be_v also_o very_o inexcusable_a for_o they_o ofttimes_o occasion_v blasphemy_n in_o the_o die_a malefactor_n and_o so_o damn_v both_o soul_n and_o body_n whereas_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o leave_v quiet_o this_o earth_n and_o go_v in_o peace_n to_o the_o region_n of_o peace_n nor_o do_v these_o terrify_v other_o from_o the_o like_a offence_n for_o these_o who_o fear_v not_o death_n will_v fear_v nothing_o iii_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o civilian_n that_o no_o man_n can_v obliedge_v himself_o to_o any_o thing_n under_o a_o corporal_a pain_n quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n to_o obliedge_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n thus_o hamiltoun_n be_v hang_v anno_fw-la 1649._o for_o return_v to_o scotland_n after_o she_o haâ—_n enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o her_o dittay_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o that_o contravention_n and_o certain_o contempt_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a guilt_n may_v make_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v not_o capital_a become_v so_o and_o this_o contravention_n imply_v in_o effect_n paenam_fw-la effracti_fw-la carceris_fw-la which_o be_v ofttimes_o capital_a so_o that_o though_o a_o person_n can_v bind_v himself_o when_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o crime_n to_o perform_v any_o thing_n under_o pain_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n he_o may_v consent_v and_o enact_v himself_o as_o say_v be_v iv._o whether_o when_o law_n allow_v a_o judge_n a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o punish_v that_o judge_n may_v inflict_v death_n in_o that_o case_n be_v much_o controvert_v chassan_n and_o socin_n think_v that_o he_o can_v and_o this_o seem_v clear_a 1.4_o qui_fw-la vexant_fw-la annonam_fw-la debent_fw-la puniri_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la animae_fw-la amissione_n inst._n the_o publ_n ind_z and_o pappon_o relate_v a_o decision_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n find_v that_o it_o can_v not_o 2._o this_o will_v make_v judge_n very_o arbitrary_a and_o render_v the_o life_n and_o fortoun_n of_o the_o liege_n very_o unsecure_a 3._o see_v lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o a_o express_a law_n it_o seem_v very_o consequential_a to_o this_o that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o upon_o so_o general_a a_o law_n 4._o by_o the_o 20._o act_n parl._n 1_o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o death_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v oppose_v for_o these_o who_o have_v pass_v sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n beat_v or_o curse_v parent_n be_v ordain_v to_o die_v but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o sixteen_o and_o past_a pupilarity_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v arbitrar_o punish_v whereas_o if_o arbitrary_a punishment_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n this_o difference_n will_v be_v ineffectual_a and_o the_o law_n thereby_o evacuat_a and_o by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o say_v and_o hear_v mess_n be_v escheat_v of_o their_o good_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o so_o that_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o less_o than_o death_n else_o the_o first_o fault_n shall_v be_v as_o seveer_o punish_v as_o the_o three_o against_o both_o the_o principal_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 5._o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v appoint_v ordinary_o for_o so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a fault_n that_o it_o be_v inhuman_a to_o think_v that_o these_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n skeen_n also_o de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n iter_fw-la say_v that_o if_o the_o panel_n come_v in_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_v he_o according_a to_o his_o offence_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o of_o his_o power_n to_o inflâ—ct_v death_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o yet_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 6._o l._n malcolimbi_fw-la vers_fw-la 2._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o marischal_n and_o constable_n shall_v punish_v offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n observe_v that_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la may_v be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o death_n because_o of_o the_o aggradge_v circumstance_n and_o cite_v for_o this_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n &_o 16._o de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la but_o these_o law_n be_v ill_o cite_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o read_v they_o when_o the_o pain_n be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n arbitrary_a and_o the_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n he_o must_v present_o find_v caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n will_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n this_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n and_o be_v practise_v the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1600._o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la patrick_n mc._n creif_n and_o other_o but_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a and_o determinat_fw-la punishment_n there_o though_o a_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v and_o thus_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o parliament_n for_o treason_n offer_v to_o come_v in_o will_n but_o his_o submission_n be_v not_o accept_v v._o it_o be_v uncontravert_v with_o we_o if_o when_o any_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o the_o act_n bear_v not_o that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n proscriptus_fw-la eratis_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la expressim_fw-la confiscabantur_fw-la damnatus_fw-la vero_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la tacit_a publicatio_fw-la enim_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sequebatur_fw-la tacit_a paenam_fw-la capitalem_fw-la matheus_n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la sicartis_fw-la num_fw-la 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o judge_n shall_v omit_v in_o his_o sentence_n the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n yet_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la there_o be_v by_o the_o damnation_n jus_o quaesitum_fw-la fisco_fw-la as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o large_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wauch_n who_o be_v a_o land_a man_n find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n though_o he_o be_v only_o fine_v by_o the_o sheriff_n in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n yet_o the_o donator_n to_o the_o escheat_n be_v find_v to_o have_v