〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Essentially thus God is onely immortall 1 Tim. 6.16 Secondly Ex dono creationis by creation as the Angels and the soule of man Immortale multiplex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ex dono creationis ex hypothesi ex dono novaecreationis Thirdly Ex hypothesi by condition as Adams body had beene immortall if hee had stood in Innocencie Fourthly Ex dono novae creationis by the resurrection as our bodies and the new Heavens shall last perpetually after the resurrection The Physitians observed three estates in man Illust 2 First 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cum plus accedit quam decedit when more nourishment remaines with the body than goeth from the body this should have beene in Adams posterity if hee had not fallen The second estate is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cum quantum decedit per pugnam nutritio tantum apponit When as much nourishment remaines as decayeth The third estate is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Declinans aetas Cibos assumimus ut corruptio quae posset accedere ex consumptione naturalis humidi evitetur ubi accedit minus quam deficit this is the decaying estate of man when lesse nourishment remaineth than decayeth and this was not in Adam before his fall When wee put water into wine at the first the wine converts the water into it but put often water to it then all turnes to water The body of man before the fall should not have turned to corruption but still should have turned the nourishment to wholsome food It is true there was some contrariety here for otherwaies hee could not have beene nourished but this was without the hurt of the whole which remained whole and perfit so that his body should have beene aequivalenter incorruptibile licet non videretur eadem numero materia It should still have remained that selfe-same body although in it there was some alteration for even as Theseus Shippe after that he had scoured the Sea from Pirats by her they hung her up as a memoriall to the posterity and the Athenians Plutarchi Moral when any planke or board decayed in her they put a new planke or board in place of it so that she was still eadem numero navis that selfe-same Shippe shee was before So should the body of man have beene still the same body by supplying new and equall strength for that which failed The Church of Rome holds The tenet of the Church of Rome concerning the immortality of the body that the body of man before the fall was mortall of it selfe and that the immortality of it came onely from without from that supernaturall righteousnesse which God cloathed Adam with and that death is onely but by accident from sinne because it removeth the bridle originall righteousnesse which held backe death and they say that the soule required a fit body to exercise her functions Bellarm. de grait primi hominis cap. 9. but it could not have such a body except made of contrary humours hence it received a body joyned to it by accident mortall which defect they say is supplied by that supernaturall righteousnesse Againe they hold that this necessity of death which was in nature before the fall is now turned since the fall into a punishment of sinne It was naturall before the fall say they for a woman to beare children but after the fall it was painefull and a punishment of sinne It was naturall before the fall for the Serpent to glide upon her belly but after the fall she was to glide with paine upon her belly this was the punishment of sin So say they death was naturall to man before the fall in his Pure naturals but now it is turned to him unto punishment of sinne and as the beasts which sinne not yet die so should man in his Pure naturals have died although he had not sinned if supernaturall righteousnes had not restrained his death In sensu coniuncto non poterat mori sed in sensu diviso poterat mori But wee hold that Adams body in his innocent estate was naturally incorruptible ex hypothesi that is so long as hee stood in holinesse there was such a harmony amongst the qualities of his body that they could breed no distemperature or bring death to him his body before the fall might have died but this power should never have beene reduced into act so long as he obeyed his maker but it is otherwise mortall now for now of necessity hee must die then it was in potentia remotissima in a most remote power to death now it is in potentia propinqua in a most neere power Angeli non poterant mori neque necesse erat eis mori Adâ—â—â— poterat mori sed non necesse erat ei mori sed Adaâ—â— corrupt necesse est ei mori The Angels could not die neither was it necessary that they should die Adam might die but it was not necessary that hee should die but Adam being corrupted it is necessary that he should die Our reasons to prove the immortalitie of Adams bodie before the fall are these Our reasons to prove that the body was naturally immortall and not supernaturally First the soule desireth naturally alwayes to be in the body therefore naturally it might attaine to this end Reason 1 for naturall desires before the fall were not frustrate so that it behoved the body naturally to be immortall and not supernaturally as they hold for the further clearing of this we must consider the soule either in the separation from the body or as it exists after the separation In the separation from the body it is contrary to the desire of the soule to be separate from the body therefore the naturall desire of it is to remaine in the body Againe Aliquid est contra aliquid praeter naturam animae when the soule exists out of the body est praeter naturam ejus it is beside the nature of the soule although it be not contrary to it therefore it must naturally long to be in the body againe Esth lib. 2. dist 19. They answer that the understanding creature desires naturally some things which it cannot attaine to but by supernaturall meanes as the soules of the blessed naturally desire to be joyned to their bodies againe yet they cannot attaine to this but by a supernaturall power to wit by the resurrection So say they the soule naturally desires the eternitie of the body although by nature it cannot attaine to it but there must be some supernaturall righteousnesse to cause it attaine to this Answer The case is not alike after hee hath sinned and before for after hee had sinned and the soule separate from the body naturally it cannot be joyned to it againe but by the supernaturall power of God but before the fall the soule should naturally have attained to that desire to have enjoyed an immortall body for it had no desire in it before the fall which it should shun
and flee as repugnant to the nature of it to remaine a little while in the body and afterward to remaine still without the bodie De summo bono lib. 1. sect 68. Secundum vegetativam sensitivam facultatem habuit actum naturalem sed secundum superiorem facultatem habuit actum super naturalem Secondly Lessius the Iesuite answers after this manner that there are three faculties in the soule the vegetative sensitive and understanding facultie he saith that the soule should have had an inclination and desire to the body naturally according to the vegetative and sensitive faculties but not according to the understanding or supreme which required a supernaturall power to worke this desire The soule saith hee being satisfied in her naturall desires in her vegetative and sensitive faculties cannot long for those againe by a supernaturall desire for it longeth now to be like the Angels of God neither marrying nor giving in marriage Matth. 22.30 But supernaturally in the estate of blessednesse shee desireth such a body which shall not hinder the body to attaine to her supreme and last end Answer It is true that after the fall the vegetative and sensitive faculties hinder the intellectuall facultie to attaine to the supreme end God but before the fall and in the conjunction of the soule with the body againe these inferiour faculties were subordinate and shall be subordinate to the superior facultie and did no wayes hinder or shall hinder the superior facultie therefore the soule naturally before the fall desired according to all those faculties the conjunction with the body and so it shall in the resurrection These be Lessius words Non abhorret a corpore nisi tale sit quod libertati functioni intelligentiae officict It abhorres not a body but such a body which hindereth the libertie and function of the understanding But so it was that the body of man was such before the fall therefore the soule desireth naturally the conjunction with the body in the estate and likewise shall doe in the life to come Hence wee may gather Consequence that the soule after the resurrection shall enjoy a greater measure of blessednesse and joy then it did before and that the body shall not be a hinderence to it as it is now for now when it begins to thinke of God and spirituall things it must be abstract from the senses as the Prophets had their heavenly visions intellectuall and not by sense but after the resurrection the senses shall not be a hinderance but a furtherance to the soule Adam after his fall lived 930. yeares Gen. Reason 2 Methusalem 960. yeares wanting this supernaturall 1 righteousnesse what made this nothing but the reliques of that naturall immortalitie which was in man before the fall Therefore it was not supernaturall righteousnesse that made him immortall God made the Israelits cloathes last forty yeares in the Wildernesse Deut. 29.5 And Manna in the golden pot Reason 3 Heb. 9.4 corruptible in it selfe yet to last so many hundred yeares And if Iosephs bones lasted 215. yeares Iosh 24.31 And if the Egyptians could embalme bodies artificially that they could continue without corruption for so many hundred yeares how much more could God make Adams body to have continued without corruption naturally if hee had stood in innocencie The fourth reason is taken from the cause of death Reason 4 which is sinne there was no sinne in his naturall body and therefore no death There are three things which follow sinne First Dominium peccati the dominion of sinne Secondly Sensus peccati the sense of sinne Thirdly Vltinum consequens peccati the last consequent of sinne upon his body when it is turned to dust The dominion of sinne is taken away by regeneration the sense of sinne is taken away by death the last consequent of sinne when the body is turned to ashes the body all this time being neither Purum nor impurum but non purum this is taken away by the resurrection Corpus consideratur ut est purum impurum non purum There was no dominion of sinne in Adam before the fall therefore hee had no need of regeneration there was no sense of sinne in him therefore hee could not naturally die the last consequent of sinne was not in him therefore his body stood not in neede of the resurrection Man before the fall A collation betwixt the innocent and old Adam his body was immortall naturally Christ the second Adam his body was mortall willingly but not necessarily for he tooke our infirmities upon him Esu 53. Ioh. 10. therefore Augustine saith well Traxit quidem mortalitatem sed non contraxit non fuit necessitas in Christo respectu peccati sed respectu paenae Hee tooke our mortalitie upon him but hee contracted it not by sinne there was no necessitie whereby Christ should die in respect of sinne Triplex necessitas illata innata assumpta but in respect of the punishment But man now necessarily dieth It is appointed for all men to die Est illata necessitas Adamo est innata necessitas nobis est assumpta necessitas in Christo Necessitie of death was layd upon Adam for his sinne necessitie of death is inbred in us but death was willingly assumed by Christ But yet when he had once willingly taken upon him our nature and infirmities hee must die for it is appointed for all who have taken our naturall infirmities to die A man gives his word willingly for such a summe for his friend but when hee hath willingly given it a necessitie is laid upon him to pay it So Christ willingly tooke this debt upon him and now must of necessitie pay it The first Adam before his fall his body was immortall A collation betwixt the innocent old and glorified Adam Ex hypothesi that is if hee had stood in obedience to God there should have beene no contrarietie betwixt the humors of his body to have bred corruption there should have beene no deformity or defect in his bodie But since the fall the body is a mortall body a deformed body and corruptible Dos But in the life to come the soule shall be satisfied in all her desires 1 Immortalitatis sive impassibilitas Duplex malum actuale poientiale and all evill shall be removed from it both actuall and potentiall there shall be no actuall evill because grace being consummate in them it excludes all sinne there shall be no potentiall evill in them because they being confirmed in goodnesse they cannot sinne Now the body in the life to come shall be fully subject to the soule not onely in respect of the being of it but also in respect of the actions and passions the motions and corporall qualities of it and then it shall be free from corruption both actuall and potentiall it shall be free from actuall corruption because there shall be no deformitie or defect in it and from potentiall corruption because then
leaprous the Doctor prescribes him to drink some poison for his health now in his understanding he conceiveth what a good thing his health is and in that hee rejoyceth there is no sadnesse in the understanding here taking the understanding strictly so hee wils his health taking the will strictly and there is no sadnesse in it neither but when he wils his health by this physicke and remembers that he must drinke this poyson here comes in the sadnesse There was griefe and sadnesse in Christs soule Conseq both in the superior and inferior faculties therefore these who hold that Christ suffered onely in his soule by simpathy from the paines which arose from the body not immediatly in his soule extenuate mightily our Lords sufferings for the soule of Christ was immediately the object of the wrath of God and therfore the Prophet Esay cha 55 9 calleth them his deaths because he suffered the first death and the equivalent of the second death for us The dignity of Christs person 1. made him acceptable in the sight of God 2. it made his sufferings to be meritorious 3. his sufferings were meritorious for compensation in circumstances but not in substance therefore death it self could not be remitted to him neither griefe horror nor sadnesse in the first two respects But because some things were unbeseeming the person of Christ as the torments of hel the compensation of this was supplied by the worthinesse of the person yet he suffered the equivalent of it in paine and smart and this bred his sorrow Example a man is owing a summe of money to his neighbour either he payes him back againe in the same kind as gold for gold or by the equivalent as silver for gold and this is sufficient to discharge the summe So Christ payed the equivalent of the paines of hell to God his Father If a man be owing his neighbour such a summe either he must pay it or goe to prison to goe to the prison is not a part of the summe for if he pay it before he goe to prison hee hath satisfied the debt So Christ suffering these paines for us although he descended not really into hell to suffer yet he payed the debt and for this his soule was heavy even unto the death Math. 26.38 The sadnesse of the regenerate is a sadnesse that hath respect to God A collation betwixt the renued and old Adam which bringeth salvation but the sorrow of the worldlings brings death to them 2 Cor. 7.10 The sadnesse which is towards God brings repentance to salvation which is not to bee repented of but the sadnesse of the world brings death Quest Can godly sorrow make a man sad seeing God is the most comfortable object Answ The beholding of God in himselfe can bring no sadnesse to man for he is a most comfortable object but the beholding of sinne which hindreth us from the cleare sight of that object which is most comfortable it is that which breedes the sorrow in the regenerate The remedies to cure Sadnesse To cure this passion of sadnesse first we must consider that it is sometimes set upon the wrong object sometimes it is immoderately set upon the right object When is is set upon the wrong object Duplex objectum tristitiae verum falsum it must be turned to the right object Wee are not to comfort a man so long as the passion is set upon a wrong object but wee must doe as the saylers doe who when they are in a wrong course turne the ship another way Secondly Verum objectum tristitiae vel est in defectu vel excessu when the passion is set upon the right object if the passion be in defect then the passion must be more sharpened as the sayles are to be hoysed up when it is too calme but if the passion be too vehement then it must be moderate for if the wind bee too great then the sayles must be pulled downe a little Secondly reason must sharply censure this passion and chide it and say with David Psal 43. Why art thou cast downe my soule for if reason speak but gently to this sullen passion it will be more sullen as Eli's insolent sons after the mild reproofe of their father were more insolent 1 Sam. 2.25 The Iewes tooke a wrong course to nourish this passion of sadnesse and to give way to it first they hyred mourning women Amos 5.16 these were called praeficae and siticines quia apud sitos id est sepulchroconditos canerâ—solebant secondly they used in their burials when those of older age were buried to sound the dead sound with a Trumpet or with a Cornet and this the Poet approveth when he saith Cum signum luctus cornu grave mugit adunco _____ That is On cornet pipes they play the mournfull sound When corpse of aged men are layde in ground But when their little children died they used to play upon a Whistle or some small pipe which Coelius Rodigin makes manifest thus Tibia cui teneros suetum deducere manes Lege Phrygum maesta _____ That is Whose use it was with musicke to convay The tender soules the Phrygian mournfull way When Iairus his little daughter was dead Math. 9.23 Christ thrust out the minstrels who played at her death When they hired mourning women and minstrels to nourish this passion they did as if a mother should hire a bawde to prostitute her daughter When thou art in thy griefe behold the joyes reserved for us in heaven this will settle thy griefe the Thessalonians mourned immoderately for the dead like heathen 1 Thess 4.13 because they remembred not that glorious resurrection Remember Christs passion the Prophet Esay saith that it was with his stripes that we are healed Esai 53.5 The first stripe that Christ got in his passion was this sadnesse And hee began to bee sorrowfull Math 26.38 My soule is heavy to the death and this breeds joy to us remember also that Christ was annoynted with the oyle of gladnesse above his fellowes to make us glad Psal 45. Goe to the Preacher to whom the Lord hath given the tongue of the learned Esay 50.4 that he may speak a word in due season to the weary heart the Preacher must not comfort for worldly sorrow but rather make them for this more sorrowfull so when he seeth the sinner cast downe he must then remit of his severity and then begin to comfort him It was the fault of the Church of Corinth 1 Cor. 5. when they saw the incestuous Corinthian too much humbled for his fault and like to be swallowed up with griefe that they would remit nothing of the strictnesse of their censures so the Primitive Church was too strict in their censures continuing the penitents too long under them which brought in Satisfaction afterward in the Church Let us use the remedy of the Sacraments the Iewes used to give these who were carried to execution wine applying that place Prov. 30. to this
that which we no waies can eschew and so may the rest of the passions be branched forth The passions which are dispersed in the inferiour faculties Prop. are united after a more excellent manner in the superiour As seeing hearing and smelling Illust are different in the organs of the body and yet in the soule are united eminen ter So the paissons in the sensitive part are distinguished into the irascible and concupiscibile faculties and upon divers considerations arise divers passions sixe in the one and five in the other but in the will they are united eminenter and have onely but two considerations either of good or evill The first Adam had these passions as they are eminenter in voluntate for he had prosecutionem boni A collation betwixt the innocent Adam and second Adam and the Angels aversionem amalo pursuite of good and a turning from evill but he had not as yet distinct objects for them to work upon Christ the second Adam had distinct objects to exercise his passions upon by takeing the punishment of our sinnes upon him but Adam had not sadnesse anger and such actually but potentially The Angels have joy love and that filial reverence whereby they offend not God but they have not greefe sorrow feare of punishment and such passions Adam had his passions without perturbation or turbation Christ had his passions with turbation but not with perturbation Ioh 11.33 hee was mightily troubled in the spirit and was troubled in himselfe But we have our passions with perturbation Christ took our passions upon him as he tooke our nature Prop. As hee was Ben adam the son of a man for us Illust so he was Ben-enosh the sonne of a fraile man Psal 8.5 subject to passions and miseries he tooke our miserabiles passiones but not detestabiles he tooke not our sinfull passions upon him as despaire or boldnesse but he tooke all the rest as in the concupiscible appetite hee tooke our love upon him our desire our hatred of evill our abomination or abhorring of sinne our joy our sadnesse Againe in the irascible faculty hee tooke our anger and feare upon him but he tooke not despaire upon him because he thought not the evill of punishment layde before him impossible to be overcome he tooke not audaciam upon him because it lookes to evill possibly to be eschewed it lookes directly to good yet because it lookes accidentally to evill he could not take it upon him Christ when hee became man Illust 2 was not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without all affections hee was not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 impatiens affectionis he was not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for his affections were not proper to himselfe but he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 having his affections well ordered he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 having his affections like ours hee was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for hee had a fellow-feeling of our infirmities hee was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. 4.15 for hee had such a fellow-feeling that hee can measure out to every one of his members that which is fit for them to suffer Quest How could Christ take our passions upon him as our feare and sadnesse seeing he was comprehensor and beheld the glory of God in the highest measure of happinesse Answ By the fingular dispensation and wisedome of God for this happinesse and glory was kept up within the closet of the mind of Christ that it came neither to his body nor sensuall part and so hee might be fully happy and glorified in the superior facultie of the Soule and yet this glory not to shew it selfe in his body and inferior faculties as it doth now in glory Christs passions when he lived here A collation betwixt the second and old Adam did not arise in him before reason directed them they rose not contra rationem aut praeter rationem contrary or besides reason wherfore Ioh. 11.33 it is said that Iesus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 troubled or moved himselfe at the death of Lazarus for his reason commanded his sadnesse Math. 26. coepit tristari hee began to bee sad Hierome saith well Passiones Christi respectu principij semper sequuntur rationem they alwaies follow reason when they arise and as the Centurion if hee had said to one of his souldiers Goe and hee goeth and to another come and he commeth and to the third doe this and hee doeth it Math. 8.9 So Christs affections were directed by his reason to goe and come at the commandement thereof In his agonie they never disturbed his reason for in his agony they were like a glasse which hath pure and cleane water in it stirre the glasse and there ariseth no mudde in it but our passions antevert reason they trouble and blind reason they are like the foule glasse when we stirre it presently it groweth dimme and the mudde ariseth The flowers of Egypt that are continually watered by the waters of Nilus which are grosse yeeld not such pleasant smelles as other flowers doe So our sinfull passions are not so pure and cleare for the vapours and exhalations that arise out of them from originall sinne Our passions are like the beardlesse Counsellors of Rehoboam who drew away the King to his destruction 1 King 12.8 Secondly the passions in Christ differed from ours quoad gradus for when once his reason commanded them to retreate and stay they did proceed no further therefore in Christ they might have rather beene called propassiones than passiones because they were the forerunners and beginners of passions and might be stayed at pleasure and had no power to transport his reason Some things are neither to bee praysed in ortu nec progressu in their rising nor proceeding as hunger and thirst which are not subject to reason Some againe are to bee praysed in ortu but not in progressu as just anger in man since the fall hence the Apostle Ephes 4.25 saith be angry but sinne not that is take heed that your anger continue not for if it doe it wil turn to sinne it is like good Wine which is soone turned into Vinegar Some passions are to be praised both in ortu et progressu and these were proper unto Christ There was no contrariety and contradiction amongst Christs passions Inter Christi passiones nulla fuit contrarietas instabilitas aut importunitas Secondly there was no instability in them Thirdly there was no importunity in them But since the fall there is a great contrariety and contradiction amongst our passions and great instabilitie and great importunitie In Christo fuerunt poenales sed non culpabiles in nobis sunt poenales sed et culpabiles In Christ the passions were a punishment but not a sinne but in us they are both a punishment and sinne First in their contrariety or contradiction it is written in the life of An selme when he walked in the field hee saw a shepheards boy who had taken a bird and
things serve for the maintenance of our life utility for our vocation sufficiencie for our delectation superfluity for wantonnesse and excesse In wishing temporary things we should put our selves in the first degree and our neighbour in the second that which is out of superfluity I should wish for his sufficiency and out of my sufficiency I desire his utility to further him in his calling and out of my utility I should further him in his necessity to preserve his life that is with things necessary to my calling I ought to relieve his life But men now will not give of their superfluity to entertaine their neighbours necessity and life as Nabal would not give to David 1 Sam. 25.10 And the rich glutton to Lazarus Luk. 16. out of their superfluity to supply their necessity Quest Are wee bound to love all our neighbours alike Answ Some answer that we are bound to love them all alike affectu sed non effectu we are bound say they to love all alike in our internall affection but we are not bound to helpe all alike for wee are more bound to these who are neerest to us and to help them most with our goods But Aquinas sheweth this to be false and sets downe this as a true position that some of our neighbours are more to be loved than others tum affectu tum effectu Amor est tum in affectu tum in effectu His reason is because the hatred of some of our neighbours is a greater hatred than the hatred of other of our neighbours therefore we are more bound by the rule of charity to love some of our neighbours quoad affectum internum in our internall affection than other as well as wee are bound more to helpe them externo effectu This is cleare by the rule of contraries The antecedent is proved He that curseth his father or mother shall die the death Levit. 20. But the Law appoints no such death to him who curseth another of his neighbours therefore it must bee a greater sinne to curse their Parents than other of their neighbours or to wish them evill Therefore we are more bound to love them in our affection as wee are more bound to helpe them than others Quest Whether are we bound to love those more Amor objectivu◠appretiarivus in whom wee see more grace although they be strangers to us than those of our kindred in whom we see not so great measure of grace Answ Wee are to love those most in whom we see most grace objectivè that is in respect of the blessednes that is desired because they are neerer joyned to us in God A center out of which issueth many Lines the further they are extended from the Center they are the further dis-united amongst themselves and the neerer that they draw to the Center they are the neerer united So those who are neerest to God should be neerest to us and we should wish to them the greatest measure of happinesse But those who are neerest to us in the flesh and in the Lord Phil. 2.21 should be more deare to us appretiativè and in our estimation although they have not such measure of grace And so Christ loved Iohn better than the rest of his Disciples Ioh. 13.23 because he was both his cousin german and had more grace in him but he wished not a greater measure of glory to him than to Paul Duplex ratio amoris objecti originis objectivè For he that doth most his will are his brother and sister Math. 12.50 So that we come under a threefold consideration of Christ here for he is considered as God as Mediator God and man and as man Christ as God loved not Iohn better than the rest Christ as Mediator loved him not better but Christ as man loved him better than the rest We are more bound to love our Parents than any other of our neighbours both in temporall and spirituall things 1 Tim. 5.4 If a widow have children let them learn to requite their Parents in the Syriacke it is rependere faenus parentibus A man divideth his goods into three parts first so much he spends upon himselfe his wife and servants secondly so much he gives to the poore thirdly so much he lends to his children looking for interest backe againe Againe we are more bound to them than those of whom we have received greatest benefits yea than him that hath delivered us from death Dijs parentibus non possunt reddi aequalia Arist lib. 8. Ethic. This is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the young Storkes uphold the old when they are flying Hence comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is as the fathers have sustained the children so should the children the fathers againe The Hebrewes say What is the honor that the children owe unto their parents They owe to them maintenance and reverence they should give them meat drinke and cloathing they should leade them in and leade them out And they adde further we reade Honour the Lord with thy substance and Honour thy father and mother thou art to honour God with thy substance if thou haue any substance but thou art to honour thy parents whether thou haue any substance or not for if thou have not thou art bound to begge for thy parents So saith R. Salomon in his Glosse upon Levit 10.3 Wee are to love our Parents more than our Children in giving them honor Arist lib. Ethic. for they are neerer to us than our Children being the instruments of our being Wee are to succour our Parents in case of extreme necessity rather then our children Filium subvenire parenti proprio honestius est quam sibi ipsi It is a more honest thing to helpe the Parent than a mans selfe and there is a greater conjunction betwixt the father and the sonne in esse absoluto than betwixt us and our children and therefore in that case of necessity he is more bound to helpe his father than his child Where there is not such a case of extreme necessity hee is more bound to helpe his Child than his Parent The Children lay not up for the Parents but the Parents for the Children 2. Cor. 12.14 And the reason is because the father is ioyned with the son as the cause with the effect Sed causa influit in effectum The cause workes in the effect so should the Parent communicate with his child Secondly the father is ioyned with the sonne as with a part of himselfe and comming from himselfe which cannot be said of the child to the father Thirdly the love of the father towards the child is elder and continueth longer for the fathers loue their children even from their Cradle but the children love not their fathers till they be come to the yeeres of discretion for the more old that love is the more perfect it is Wee are more bound to love our father than our mother Prop. How a man is
naturam volebat that is his divine will willed justice his reasonable will willed obedience and the wil of his flesh willed the preservation of his nature Answ How saith Luke 22.44 that he being in his agonie hee prayed a long space that the cuppe might passe then it might seeme that there was a contrarietie betwixt his wils Answ Nulla erat contrarìet as inter voluntates Christi sed inter voluntat es mortem This strife was not properly betwixt his two wills but betwixt his naturall will and death which nature shunned as contrary to it this fight wee see in children and in brute beasts in children who have not the act of reason this is no other thing then the feare of imminent evill Christ desired this cup to passe Duplex voluntas absoluta conditionalis There is a double desire or willing in the will either an absolute will or a conditionall will absolute as when I wish a thing without any condition as happines Conditionall when I will it with a condition as a man would not give his purse to the robbers if he could escape death hee wils this conditionally onely to escape the danger So our Lord willed not absolutely to drinke this cuppe but seeing that God his Father had determinate this way that mans salvation should bee purchased Christ would drinke this cup. In Christs desires there was no reluctation A collation betwixt the second renned and old Adam but subordination but in the regenerate their desires are with some reluctation and they are not fully subordinate When Christ sayd to Peter They shall carry thee whither thou wouldest not Ioh. 21.18 meaning what death he should die there was some sinfull reluctation here betwixt Peters spirituall desire and his naturall desire although hee gave his life in the end for the truth But the wils of the unregenerate are no wayes subordinate to the will of God When Christ saith Volunt as indiger explicatione subjections Let this cuppe passe yet not my will be done but thine Luk. 22.42 here is not a correction of Christs desire but onely an explication of it But when Peter gave his life for the truth there needed a correction of his desire because there was some unwillingnes in him But the wicked their desires have need of subjection to the will of God Conseq 1 Christs natural will sought the preservation of it selfe which his divine wil would not hence it followeth that a man may naturally will that without sinne which his spirituall will wils not We should learne by Christs example to subiect our wils to the will of God Conseq 2 and to seek the things of this life but with condition If Christ submitted his naturall will to the will of the Father which was not sinfull Conseq 3 much more must wee learne to submit our sinfull desires to his will The desires of the regenerate are moderate Acollation betwixt the renowed and old Adam the desire of the unregenerate are immoderate Agur prayeth Prov. 30. Da mihi lechem chukki panem dimensi mei as the Israelites had their Manna measured out to them in a gomer Exod. 16. so Agur desires that God would give him the measure that is fit for him They are content with that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Luk. 12.42 which signifyeth a mans stint where he alludeth to the care of governours of families or stewards who doe allow to every one in the house their portions see Iames 2.15 They having meate and cloth they are content 1 Tim. 6.8 nature taught some men to be content with little grace can teach them to be content with lesse The Prophet Esay in his fourteenth chapter and fourth verse noting the insatiable desire which men have to riches cals Babel gold-thirsty Babel and Habaccuk 2.6 saith Woe be to you who load your selfe with thick clay meaning gold and riches The desires of beasts are finite but the desires of unregenerate men areinfinite when they come to the measure what will suffice them The Philosopher saith the cause of this is to live but not to live well the beasts when they are satisfied for the present content the mselves neither seeke they any more the Lyon when he hath killed the Bull satisfieth his hunger but hides not up the rest in the ground neither doe the fowles lay up any thing Math. 6.26 onely creeping things and most imperfect lay up as the Pismire hordes up in Sommer against the Winter Prov. 6. but man is not satiate for hoording and treasuring up for the time to come his desires are so infinite The ancient Philosophers compared the first matter to an infamous strumpet who is never glutted with present pleasure but still doth meditate upon new imbracings for it still desireth new formes But wee have more reason to compare our desires which are insatiable to this strumpet Quest Whether are mans desires infinite or not Answ They are not actually infinite Duplex infinitas actualis persuccessionem because nature tends alwayes to some finite thing for no man desireth infinite meate yet his desires are infinite by succession Leo Hebraeus because these bodily things which wee desire are not permanent Nam pereunte unodesiderio succedit alterum One desire being gone another comes in place of it Christ saith He who drinkes of this water shal never thirst again So he that hath true desire after righteousnesse shall be satisfied but hee that thirsts after the things of this life shall bee in a continuall thirst like the Horse-leach which hath two daughters crying continually Give give Prov. 30.15 The remedies to cure these sinfull desires That we may cure these sinfull desires First wee must take heed that these desires of ours be not suffered to gather strength but we must choke them in the very beginning and dash the heads of the young ones against the wal Psal 173. crush this Cocatrice egge in the beginning lest it come to a Serpent Esai 30.6 In confinibus est arcendus hostis the enemy is to be beaten back while he is in the borders Secondly we must thinke often how neere we are to death and this wil restraine our covetous desires parum viae multum viatici To have a short way and much provision is a foolish thing Thirdly to remedy our covetous defires we should marke that there is no passion so much to bee detested as it because this monstrous passion draweth no contentment from that which it gathereth together Wee abhorre more the Cantharides than Lyons Tigers or Beares for they kill men and reape no fruite of their death whereas the savage beasts when they kill any feede themselves and satisfie their hunger So these covetous desires when they have scraped much together they make no use of that which they have gathered Of the passion of abomination contrary to desire Abomination is a passion which is opposire to desire for it is the same whichmakes
their judgement made man such that concupiscence did necessarily follow Before the fall there was no reluctation nor strife betwixt the superiour and inferiour faculties in man That there was no concupiscence in man before the fall and therefore no concupiscence our reasons are these First our first parents were not ashamed when they were naked Gen 2. but after that Adam had sinned and saw himselfe naked hee fled from the presence of God and hid himselfe even for very shame it is the rebellion betwixt the superiour and inferiour faculties that makes men ashamed Secondly in Iesus Christ the second Adam there was no rebellion and yet he was like to us in all things sinne excepted taking our nature upon him and the essentiall properties of it As to bee tempted Mat. 4.1 Iesus was carried by the Spirit into the desert to bee tempted So to feare Hebr. 5.7 he was heard in that which hee feared So to be angry Mark 3.5 Hee looked round about on them angerly So forgetfulnesse of his office by reason of the agonie astonishing his senses Father if it bee possible let this cup passe from me Mat. 26.39 Wherefore if this strife betwixt the superiour and inferiour faculties was the consequent of nature in our whole estate then Christ should not have beene blamelesse which is blasphemy for concupiscence is sin Rom 7.7 Thirdly if there had been rebellion betwixt the superiour and inferiour faculties before the fall then man in his whole estate had not beene happy for Paul in respect of this concupiscence is forced to cry out Rom. 7.11 O wretched man that I am who shall deliver mee from this body of death and originall iustice had not beene such an excellent gift in that estate but only a restraint to restraine this concupiscence that it bursted not forth Fourthly if this rebellion flow from nature how can God be free from sinne who is the authour of nature qui est causa causae est causa causati in essentialiter subordinatis he who is the cause of a cause is likewise the cause of the effect in things essentially subordinate but God is the author of mans nature and concupiscence therefore according to their position Of mans originall justice according to the Church of Rome he must bee the author of sinne this is blasphemie The Church of Rome holds that this holinesse was a supernaturall thing to man and not naturall in his first creation and they goe about to shew the matter by these comparisons They say mans righteousnesse in his innocent estate was like a garland set upon a virgines head the garland is no part of the virgins body and although the garland be removed yet she remaines still a virgin So this originall righteousnesse they make it as it were a garland which being taken away from man no naturall thing is blemished in him Secondly they compare it to Sampsons lockes which when they were cut off nothing was taken from Sampsons nature Thirdly they compare it to a bridle in a horse mouth which is no part of the horse nor naturall to him but serves to bridle the horse and keepe him in So say they this originall righteousnesse was no naturall thing in man before the fall but served onely as a bridle to restraine concupiscence and they put a difference betwixt a naked man and a robbed man Duplex homo nudus spoliatus Man before his fall say they he was naked but God did cast his cloake of supernaturall righteousnesse about him to cover him but since the fall say they hee is not homo nudus sed spoliatus a naked man but spoyled of the graces of God Hence is that division made by the Iesuites of the estate of man Perer. lib. 5. in Gen. disput de excellent pag. 118. the first estate saith he is of man considered without grace or sinne as they terme it in his pure naturals the second estate is of man in his purenaturals cloathed with supernaturall righteousnes the third estate is of man degenerate and sinfull the fourth estate is of man regenerate and the last is of man glorified But to consider a man both voyde of grace and sinne such a man was never nor never shall be neither did the Iewish or Christian Church ever divide the estate of man thus The Iewish Church taketh up the estate of man in these three the first they call Adam ratioue creationis because hee was made out of the red earth the second they call Enosh man subject to all miseries the third they call Ish man restored to blessednesse and happinesse The orthodoxe christian Church divides the estate of man thus the first estate is gratiae collatio the bestowing of grace the second is collatae amissio the losse of that grace bestowed the third is instauratio amissae the restoring of lost grace and the fourth is confirmatio instauratae the confirmation of restored grace We will shew that his originall righteousnesse Of mans originall justice according to the reformed Church was naturall to man and not supernaturall where we must consider that nature is take five wayes First a thing is naturall by creation as the soule and the body are naturall to man because they give a being to him Secondly for that which floweth essentially and naturally from a thing as the faculties from the soule Thirdly for that which cleaveth most surely to nature as sinne doth to the soule now Fourthly for that which beautifieth nature and helps it as grace doth Fiftly for that which by generation is propagate to the posteritie as originall corruption Originall justice was not naturall to man in the first sense for it was no part of his essence It was not naturall to him in the second sense for it flowed not from the understanding essentially as the faculties of the soule doe but it was naturall to him in the third sense because hee was created in holinesse and was the subject of holinesse it was naturall to him in the fourth sense because it made his nature perfect It was naturall to him in the fift sense for he should have transmitted it to his posteritie by generation if he had stood in holinesse as man doth sinne now which is come in place of it Originall righteousnesse to the first Adam was naturall to the renewed Adam grace is supernaturall A collation betwixt the innocent renewed and old Adam to the old Adam it is against his nature so long as hee continues in sinne Our reasons proving that originall righteousnesse was naturall to Adam and not supernaturall are these First Reason 1 as are the relickes of the image of God in man since the fall such was the image of God in man before the fall but the remnants of the Image of God in man since the fall are naturall Rom. 2.13 For by nature they doe the things contained in the Law 2 Cor. 11. Doth not nature teach you this therefore the image of God
in man before the fall was naturall Secondly Reason 2 supernaturall gifts are not hereditary nor propagate by generation no more than a colt to use their owne similitude is brought forth with a bridle in his teeth but man before the fall should have begotten children in his image in originall justice therefore originall justice was not supernaturall to him Thirdly Reason 3 by nature we are now the children of wrath Ephes 2.3 therefore originall justice should not have beene supernaturall to man but naturall by the rule of contraries Bellarmine De grat prim hom cap. 5. although he grant that there might have beene a man created as well without grace as sinne yet hee is inforced to acknowledge that this point of erroneous doctrine did never generally prevaile in the Roman Church for there were some saith hee excellently learned that thought as wee doe that man must either be in the estate of grace or sinne and that there is not a middle estate and that originall righteousnesse was required to the integrity of nature and consequently that being lost nature was corrupted and deprived of all naturall and morall rectitude So that man after the fall of Adam can doe nothing morally good or that truely can bee named a vertue till he be renewed by grace as likewise Adam before his fall was not able to doe any thing morally good by natures power without the assistance of speciall grace from God But we must hold for our part this to be the ground of no small errour which the Church of Rome layeth that man in his pure naturals was voyde both of grace and sinne this is the ground of many other errours which they maintaine First that concupiscence is naturall to man following alwayes his creation Secondly that naturall gifts both in men and divels remaine unblemished since the fall Thirdly that the corruption of nature consists not in any corrupt qualitie but onely in the losse of supernaturall grace Fourthly that death is not an effect of sinne properly but it is from nature and it is onely accidentally from sin because sin removes that bridle of originall righteousnesse which held backe death Fiftly that concupiscence is not sinne in the regenerate Sixtly that man now after his fall is in the same estate wherein hee was before the fall in his pure naturals for Adams sinne hath diminished nothing from that which is naturall and the body they say since the fall is no more passible than it was before in the pure naturals So they say the minde of man being considered by it selfe without this supernatuall holinesse is no more weakened by the fall than it was before the fall in things naturall Seventhly that man hath free will left in him after his fall which grounds are all false Here we must doe as Elisha did when hee cured the waters of Iericho 2 King 3. he went to the spring heads and there cast in salt so must we goe to this as one of the springs from whence many errours in popery proceed and cure it first This popish platforme of mans estate before his fall is taken from the schooles of Philosophie but not from Moses and the Prophets The Philosophers were ignorant of the nature of man in his whole estate so were they ignorant of his fall and therefore they tooke up man in a middle estate So these Sophists following the Philosophers and not the Scriptures as though they had never heard of mans creation nor yet of his fall imagine him to be a middle sort of man such a man as never was neither in his whole estate nor after his fall but they ought to have remembred that of the Apostle Colos 2.8 Take heed lest any spoyle you by Philosophie CHAP. XVIII Of the consequents of Gods image in man in his societie with the Angels THe third consequent that followeth upon the image of God being placed in man in his creation is concerning the societie and fellowship that he had with the Angels so long as hee stood in innocency Adam in his first estate was little inferiour to the Angels Prop. It shall bee the greatest perfection of man in glory Illust that hee shall bee like the Angels of God and bee loved of them as they love one another So it was mans great happinesse before the fall that hee conversed with the Angels and they loved him The Angels did neither minister unto A collation betwixt the innocent second renewed and old Adam nor keepe the first Adam before his fall they onely loved him The Angels ministred to Christ the second Adam and loved him but did not keepe him The Angels minister now to the renewed Adam they love him and keepe him but they neither minister to the wicked love them nor keepe them First the Angels neither did minister to Adam before his fall nor did they keepe him because hee was in no danger onely they loved him they ministred to Iesus Christ but they did not keep him for he was comprehensor as well as viator Christ is the head of the Angels therefore hee is not kept by them but they minister to the elect and keepe them by Christ which priviledge Adam had not of them before his fall Object It may seeme that they did keepe Christ Psal 91. they shall keepe thee in all thy wayes Answ This is to be understood de Christo mystico of Christ in his members that is they shall keepe thy members in all their wayes But this part of the Psalme was misapplyed by the Divell to Christ in proper person Matth. 4. for the Angels keepe not Christ but minister to him but they both keepe and minister to his members the elect Object But it may be sayd that the elect have greater priviledges then than Christ hath seeing they both keepe them and minister to them Answ This argueth not any prerogative that the Saints have above Christ but onely their weakenesse and wants that they have need of the Angels to preserve them as young children stand in need of nurses to waite upon them Object It may seeme that Angels are not ministring spirits in respect of the elect but in respect of Christ because the Angell Revel 19.22 calls himselfe not our servant but our fellow servant So the Angels are not called the servants of the kingdomes but The Princes of the Kingdomes Dan. 12. Thirdly the Apostle proves Christ to be God Heb. 2. because the Angels are servants to him A shepheard is not the servant of his sheepe although hee keepes them but his Masters servant So although the Angels keepe us yet they seeme not to be our ministers but Christs Answ The Scripture Heb. 1. calls them ministring spirits sent for them that are elect and although they be more excellent creatures in themselves than the elect yet in Christ and by Christ they become ministring spirits to us Christ himselfe is not ashamed to call himselfe a servant to the elect Mat. 20. I came not to
fourfold sin the first is called vitium personae Quadruplex vitium personae gentis vocationis saeculi the sinne of the person that they reprooved which was the sin of a particular man Secondly vitium gentis the sinne of a whole nation that sin they reprooved as the Prophets reproved the Iewes for their stiffeneckednesse and hypocrisie Thirdly ther is vitium vocationis the sin of a mans calling as Rahab is called a Taverner by Ios 2.1 But Iames calls her a Harlot Iames 2.25 This sin they reproved Fourthly there is vitium saeculi when the sinne over-spreds all is universally received as polygamy among the Iewes and this ye shall find the prophets seldome to have reproved Quest Whether had the Iewes any dispensation of God in this their polygamie Answ Some hold that God gave them a dispensation and to prove this first they say that some Lawes are stable as the ordinances of the Church Lex sancta vel est slabilis immobilis velincommutobilis which every man may not alter Secondly some lawes are immoveable as the Lawes given by God himselfe in his second Table cannot be dispensed with but by God himselfe who gave them Thirdly some Lawes are incommutable which cannot be changed by God himself without a staine of his holinesse They say that these lawes of the second table which God had made flow not necessarily from him as his justice and holinesse doe but freely for these he wills or not wills without any staine of his holinesse As for example God is to be loved therefore a man may not marry his brothers wife this doth not follow necessarily in the strictest signification but the precepts of the first table cannot bee dispensed with by God without a staine of his holinesse As for example God is to be beloved therfore he cannot dispence that one should hate him sine intrinseca repugnantia They say that God dispensed with the fathers in polygamy because God is aboue the Law which is given betwixt creature and creature which in that respect is immoveable although God himselfe may change it But hee is not aboue the eternall law because hee is not above himselfe therefore hee cannot dispence with that law which is repugnant to his eternity and glory and these are the precepts of the first table But seeing polygamy is in the second table God might dispence with it without any staine of his holinesse Againe when it is demanded of these men what scripture they can bring for this dispensation They answer that God himselfe saith to Abraham Gen. 21. Hearken vnto Sarah in whatsoever she saith to thee by this admonition Abraham was mooved to cast out Hagar and her sonne although this might have seemed contrary to the law of nature therefore the Text saith this seemed hard to Abraham So when God saith to Abraham Hearken vnto Sarah in whatsoever shee saith to thee and Sarah bade him take his owne hand-maide Gen. 16.1 then Sarah was Gods mouth to him in that point also Answ These words Hearken unto Sarah in all that she saith are not to bee vnderstood in whatsoever shee saith but in all that shee saith concerning Hagar and her sonne in that he was to hearken to her Againe Abraham tooke Hagar before he got this direction for to hearken to Sarah so that this place can be no warrant for a dispensation to the Patriarchs in their polygamy it was onely a permission which God yeelded unto for the time as hee granted them a bill of divorce for the hardnesse of their hearts but God cannot dispence with any of his lawes neither in the first nor second Tables they are so neere joyned together that those which breake the one doe breake the other also Quest Why did not God punish this sinne in the fathers Answ God doth three things concerning sin First he pardons sinne secondly he punisheth sinne thirdly he passeth by sinne Triafacit Deus peccatoribus remittit peccatum punit peccatum praeterit peccatum Rom. 3.23 By the forgivenesse of sinnes that passed by A sinne actually forgiven and a sinne passed by differ A sinne is actually pardoned in the elect comming to knowledge when they have remorse for their sinne and finde the benefit of the pardon of the sinne in particular But God passeth by a sinne when the sinner in particular knoweth not this sinne to bee a sinne which hee commits and yet the remission of this sinne is concluded within the remission of the rest of their sinnes The fathers when they got a remission of the rest of their sinnes in the bloud of Christ they got also the remission of the sinne of polygamie which was their sinne of ignorance and therefore they were to offer a sacrifice for the sinnes of ignorance Levit. 4.15.17 and among the rest for this polygamie Quest How differed concubines then from other wives First they were not solemnly married as the other wives neither was there any solemne contract betwixt them as betwixt the man and the wife they had not dowrie their sonnes did not inherit yet when they were married the Scripture cals them wives Iudg. 19.1 2 after that Absolon knew Davids concubines 2 Samuel 16. David shut them up and hee knew them no more but he closed them up to the day of their death and they lived in widowhood whence Lyra gathereth well that these concubines were wives Againe to prove that polygamie is sinne and unlawfull it is confirmed by Christs words when hee reduced marriage to the first institution againe Math. 19. Whosoever puts away his wife and marrieth another commits whoredome much more he who keepes his wife and takes another to her commits whoredome The Apostle 1 Cor. 7. gives the like authority to the wife over the husband as he giveth to the man over the wife as it was never lawfull for the wife to have moe husbands at once therefore it was not lawfull for a man from the beginning to have moe wives at once This neere conjunction betwixt man and the wife Prop. is called cleaving to her Gen. 2. Christ when he expoundes these words Illust hee saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 agglutinatur uxori hee is glewed to his wife for as glew joynes two things together and makes them one so should love be a glewing of their hearts together amor coniugalis debet esse reciprocus the glew must take hold on both sides Triplex est conjunctio naturalis politica spiritualis or else the conjunction will not last long There is a threefold conjunction first naturall secondly polytike and thirdly spirituall the first is common to us with the beasts the second with the heathen and the third proper onely to the Christian this third must be the chiefe ingredient this is that which they say Nuptiae inchoantur in coelis perficiuntur in terris Marriages are begun in heaven and perfected upon the earth then thalamus erit pro templo thorus pro