achilles_n to_o absent_v himself_o from_o fight_v than_o that_o which_o put_v he_o upon_o kill_v of_o hector_n to_o conclude_v the_o fable_n consist_v less_o in_o this_o anger_n than_o in_o the_o quarrel_n and_o reconciliation_n wherein_o agamemnon_n have_v as_o great_a a_o share_n as_o he_o so_o that_o the_o poet_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o mention_v they_o both_o in_o his_o proposition_n when_o he_o come_v as_o near_o the_o fable_n itself_o as_o possible_a i_o sing_v say_v he_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n that_o have_v do_v so_o much_o mischief_n to_o the_o grecian_n and_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o so_o many_o hero_n 1._o since_o the_o time_n that_o agamemnon_n and_o he_o fall_v out_o and_o part_v these_o consideration_n ought_v not_o to_o degrade_v achilles_n from_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o chief_a personage_n which_o homer_n have_v doubtless_o make_v he_o but_o they_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o though_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a hero_n of_o this_o fable_n yet_o he_o 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recite_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o proposition_n the_o epic_a proposition_n be_v that_o first_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n wherein_o the_o author_n propose_v brief_o and_o in_o the_o general_n what_o he_o have_v to_o say_v in_o the_o body_n of_o his_o work_n and_o here_o two_o thing_n offer_v themselves_o to_o our_o consideration_n first_o what_o the_o poet_n propose_v and_o second_o after_o what_o manner_n he_o do_v it_o the_o proposition_n shall_v only_o comprehend_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o poem_n that_o be_v the_o action_n and_o the_o person_n that_o act_n whether_o divine_a or_o humane_a we_o find_v all_o this_o in_o the_o iliad_n the_o odysseïs_n and_o the_o aeneid_n the_o action_n homer_n propose_v in_o the_o iliad_n be_v the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n that_o of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n and_o that_o of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v the_o empire_n of_o troy_n translate_v into_o italy_n by_o aeneas_n nor_o shall_v any_o one_o be_v surprise_v at_o homer_n way_n 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1._o that_o he_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o italy_n and_o both_o of_o they_o propose_v a_o action_n if_o homer_n design_n have_v be_v to_o propose_v the_o two_o part_n of_o each_o poem_n his_o design_n be_v not_o to_o do_v it_o very_o distinct_o yet_o we_o may_v conceive_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o iliad_n by_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o second_o by_o the_o illustrious_a death_n of_o so_o many_o hero_n the_o grecian_n be_v great_a sufferer_n than_o the_o trojan_n and_o there_o be_v few_o hero_n kill_v on_o their_o side_n but_o almost_o all_o be_v wound_v the_o proposition_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n speak_v plain_o enough_o of_o the_o travel_n of_o ulysses_n but_o it_o leave_v we_o rather_o to_o infer_v his_o re-establishment_n in_o ithaca_n than_o discover_v it_o to_o we_o the_o poet_n say_v his_o hero_z do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o preserve_v and_o conduct_v back_o his_o companion_n to_o ithaca_n odyss_n but_o that_o these_o miserable_a creature_n be_v their_o own_o destruction_n and_o that_o the_o god_n who_o they_o have_v offend_v will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o see_v the_o happy_a day_n of_o their_o return_n by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a ulysses_n do_v see_v the_o day_n and_o preserve_v himself_o according_a to_o his_o wish_n the_o latin_a poet_n have_v clear_o distinguish_v the_o two_o part_n of_o his_o aeneid_n at_o first_o he_o make_v his_o general_n proposition_n in_o two_o verse_n and_o then_o he_o make_v a_o division_n of_o it_o say_v in_o the_o alto_fw-mi first_o place_n that_o he_o have_v suffer_v much_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o then_o 1._o second_o that_o he_o have_v likewise_o suffer_v much_o by_o war._n this_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a difference_n between_o homer_n and_o virgil._n it_o be_v enough_o for_o achilles_n to_o be_v revenge_v and_o 1._o ulysses_n pretend_v only_o to_o save_v himself_o this_o be_v the_o scope_n and_o end_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n as_o aristotle_n in_o the_o scheme_n he_o have_v draw_v very_o well_o observe_v but_o aeneas_n have_v a_o settlement_n to_o make_v and_o this_o settlement_n be_v attend_v with_o great_a consequence_n virgil_n have_v be_v so_o exact_a that_o he_o have_v omit_v nothing_o of_o it_o romae_fw-la he_o advertise_v we_o that_o his_o hero_n travel_v to_o italy_n to_o build_v a_o city_n and_o establish_v his_o god_n and_o religion_n there_o and_o he_o add_v that_o from_o this_o settlement_n proceed_v the_o latin_n the_o city_n of_o alba_n and_o the_o roman_n their_o progeny_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o make_v this_o one_o reflection_n more_o that_o in_o the_o three_o poem_n the_o proposition_n take_v notice_n where_o the_o action_n of_o each_o poem_n do_v begin_v 〈◊〉_d this_o beginning_n of_o the_o iliad_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o quarrel_n between_o agamemnon_n and_o achilles_n profugus_fw-la the_o action_n of_o the_o aeneid_n begin_v at_o troy_n from_o whence_o aeneas_n be_v force_v to_o part_v 〈◊〉_d the_o odysseïs_n do_v not_o begin_v at_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n as_o the_o aeneid_n but_o some_o time_n after_o this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o action_n propose_v now_o for_o the_o person_n the_o divine_a person_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n homer_n say_v that_o whatever_o happen_v in_o the_o iliad_n be_v by_o 〈◊〉_d jupiter_n appointment_n and_o that_o 〈◊〉_d apollo_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o quarrel_n between_o agamemnon_n and_o achilles_n the_o same_o poet_n say_v that_o it_o be_v apollo_n likewise_o who_o hinder_v the_o return_n of_o the_o comerade_n of_o ulysses_n iram_fw-la virgil_n likewise_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o fate_n the_o will_n of_o the_o god_n and_o the_o anger_n of_o juno_n but_o these_o poet_n chief_o insist_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o
say_v be_v requisite_a thereto_o for_o it_o be_v pleasant_a probable_a move_a marvellous_a and_o active_a the_o manner_n of_o his_o human_a personage_n their_o interest_n and_o design_n be_v as_o regular_o order_v as_o those_o in_o virgil_n poem_n all_o the_o character_n be_v noble_o draw_v and_o look_v like_o the_o curious_a stroke_n of_o a_o great_a master_n for_o they_o all_o tend_v to_o and_o centure_z in_o the_o general_n character_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o hero_n namely_o in_o that_o noble_a ornament_n of_o the_o soul_n generosity_n his_o machine_n be_v very_o natural_a and_o adapt_v to_o the_o genius_n and_o notion_n of_o our_o time_n as_o virgil_n be_v to_o those_o of_o his_o age._n his_o expression_n be_v noble_a and_o majestical_a his_o verse_n sonorous_a masculine_a and_o strong_a his_o thought_n be_v sublime_a his_o simile_n natural_a his_o description_n proper_a and_o his_o sentence_n few_o and_o regular_a in_o a_o word_n throughout_o the_o whole_a he_o seem_v in_o a_o 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the_o world_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o man_n of_o his_o redemption_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o last_o judgement_n and_o the_o like_a with_o the_o main_a action_n of_o the_o poem_n which_o be_v the_o restore_a religion_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o british_a nation_n and_o settle_v both_o church_n and_o state_n on_o their_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o truth_n and_o peace_n i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conversion_n of_o hoel_n that_o such_o a_o account_n of_o thing_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o but_o will_v not_o a_o bare_a recital_n of_o a_o few_o line_n that_o such_o a_o relation_n be_v give_v he_o have_v be_v sufficient_a and_o will_v not_o such_o a_o conduct_n have_v be_v more_o conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o epic_a poesy_n which_o exclude_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v foreign_a to_o the_o main_a purpose_n they_o who_o think_v to_o salve_v this_o by_o say_v that_o this_o speech_n be_v in_o imitation_n 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six_o or_o seven_o year_n but_o of_o six_o time_n as_o many_o age_n there_o be_v no_o comparison_n then_o to_o be_v make_v between_o these_o two_o speech_n but_o that_o of_o our_o english_a poet_n be_v whole_o a_o digression_n and_o the_o other_o necessary_a and_o essential_a to_o the_o aeneid_n that_o which_o our_o author_n design_v to_o answer_v the_o speech_n of_o aeneas_n to_o dido_n be_v doubtless_o the_o speech_n of_o one_o of_o prince_n arthur_n attendant_n lucius_z to_o king_n hoel_n as_o appear_v if_o we_o compare_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o speech_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o aeneid_n lucius_n begin_v thus_o how_o sad_a a_o task_n do_v your_o command_n impose_v that_o must_v renew_v unsufferable_a woe_n that_o must_v our_o grief_n with_o sad_a affliction_n feed_v and_o make_v your_o generous_a heart_n with_o pity_n bleed_v whilst_o i_o the_o dismal_a scene_n of_o ill_n disclose_v and_o bleed_v albion_n ghastly_a wound_n expose_v the_o cruel_a foe_n in_o tell_v will_v relent_v and_o with_o their_o tear_n the_o spoil_n they_o cause_v lament_v pity_n will_v pict_n and_o saxon_a breast_n invade_v and_o make_v they_o mourn_v over_o the_o dire_a wound_n they_o make_v but_o since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o hear_v our_o country_n fate_n i_o will_v pay_v obedience_n and_o our_o woe_n relate_v now_o all_o this_o be_v a_o exact_a copy_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o aeneas_n speech_n to_o dido_n which_o run_v thus_o infandum_fw-la regina_fw-la jubes_fw-la renovare_fw-la dolorem_fw-la trojanas_fw-la ut_fw-la opes_fw-la &_o lamentabite_n regnum_fw-la eruerint_fw-la danai_n quaeque_fw-la ipse_fw-la miserrima_fw-la vidi_fw-la et_fw-la quorum_fw-la pars_fw-la magna_fw-la fui_fw-la quis_fw-la talla_fw-la fando_fw-la myrmidonum_fw-la dolopûmve_fw-la aut_fw-la duri_fw-la mile_n vlyssel_n temperet_fw-la à _fw-la lacrymis_fw-la et_fw-la jam_fw-la nox_fw-la humida_fw-la coelo_fw-la praecipitat_fw-la suadentque_fw-la cadentia_fw-la sydera_fw-la somnos_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la tantus_fw-la amor_fw-la casus_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la nostros_fw-la et_fw-la breviter_fw-la trojae_fw-la supremum_fw-la audire_fw-la laborem_fw-la quanquam_fw-la animus_n meminisse_fw-la horret_fw-la luctuque_fw-la refugit_fw-la incipiam_fw-la in_o this_o speech_n blackmore_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v more_o lucky_a in_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o speaker_n than_o virgil_n be_v for_o doubtless_o it_o be_v more_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o hero_n at_o least_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o notion_n and_o religion_n of_o our_o time_n and_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o another_o person_n be_v tell_v his_o adventure_n than_o if_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o relater_n of_o they_o but_o even_o in_o this_o speech_n our_o english_a poet_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o regular_a as_o be_v requisite_a lucius_n begin_v too_o high_a in_o his_o narration_n 2._o aeneas_n begin_v his_o recital_n at_o the_o build_n of_o the_o wooden_a horse_n and_o the_o take_n of_o troy_n this_o be_v regular_a and_o answer_v exact_o to_o what_o dido_n have_v desire_v of_o he_o but_o lucius_n though_o hoel_n only_o desire_v he_o to_o relate_v prince_n arthur_n story_n and_o king_n vter_n fate_n tell_v he_o of_o the_o decay_n of_o old_a rome_n of_o the_o britain_n shake_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n how_o they_o be_v invade_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n that_o at_o last_o they_o be_v force_v to_o send_v to_o the_o saxon_n for_o their_o assistance_n who_o instead_o of_o friend_n become_v their_o master_n and_o then_o he_o come_v to_o relate_v what_o be_v require_v now_o all_o that_o be_v say_v before_o the_o account_n of_o king_n vter_n fight_v with_o the_o saxon_n and_o his_o overthrow_n be_v preliminary_n and_o whole_o foreign_a to_o the_o main_a action_n for_o if_o we_o will_v compute_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o action_n of_o prince_n arthur_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o we_o compute_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o aeneid_n we_o must_v reckon_v that_o it_o last_v from_o the_o death_n of_o king_n uter_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o his_o army_n which_o put_v prince_n arthur_n upon_o travel_v into_o neustria_n until_o the_o death_n of_o tollo_fw-la which_o whole_o make_v way_n for_o the_o resettlement_n of_o prince_n arthur_n these_o be_v my_o thought_n but_o perhaps_o the_o author_n have_v other_o design_n in_o his_o head_n particular_o that_o of_o preach_v morality_n and_o religion_n to_o a_o immoral_a and_o irreligious_a age_n which_o seem_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o excuse_v his_o long_a digression_n again_o one_o may_v question_v whether_o most_o of_o his_o description_n be_v not_o too_o long_o and_o whether_o if_o our_o english_a poet_n have_v bestow_v as_o much_o pain_n and_o spend_v as_o much_o time_n about_o his_o poem_n as_o virgil_n do_v about_o his_o aeneid_n he_o will_v not_o have_v shorten_v his_o description_n avoid_v repetition_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o be_v more_o correct_a throughout_o the_o
nothing_o of_o justice_n but_o have_v all_o his_o reason_n at_o his_o sword_n be_v point_n it_o be_v true_a to_o these_o quality_n he_o have_v join_v vigilancy_n and_o zeal_n to_o carry_v on_o a_o enterprise_n but_o these_o quality_n be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a have_v nothing_o that_o be_v good_a but_o in_o person_n due_o accomplish_v as_o be_v scipio_n in_o wicked_a person_n they_o be_v pernicious_a vice_n as_o in_o catiline_n who_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o they_o but_o to_o oppress_v his_o country_n it_o be_v then_o in_o this_o last_o sense_n that_o horace_n ascribe_v they_o to_o achilles_n since_o he_o will_v have_v he_o be_v represent_v as_o unjust_a and_o passionate_a in_o loll._n ulysses_n he_o do_v discover_v a_o example_n of_o virtue_n but_o since_o in_o truth_n he_o do_v equal_o commend_v homer_n for_o give_v we_o in_o his_o two_o poem_n a_o example_n of_o virtue_n and_o a_o example_n of_o vice_n shall_v we_o not_o conclude_v that_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a quality_n of_o the_o chief_a personage_n be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a nor_o essential_a to_o the_o epic_a fable_n and_o that_o horace_n never_o think_v the_o epopéa_n be_v a_o elegy_n of_o a_o hero_n that_o which_o the_o iliad_n and_o the_o odyssei_n have_v in_o common_a be_v that_o each_o of_o they_o be_v a_o moral_a instruction_n disguise_v under_o the_o allegory_n of_o a_o action_n this_o be_v what_o horace_n discover_v in_o they_o and_o by_o consequence_n each_o of_o they_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o this_o critic_n be_v a_o fable_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o we_o describe_v it_o chap._n xiii_o aristotle_n thought_n of_o the_o epic_a fable_n what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o fable_n be_v still_o more_o manifest_a in_o the_o method_n and_o order_n which_o aristotle_n prescribe_v for_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o groundwork_n of_o a_o epic_a action_n he_o do_v not_o bid_v we_o to_o search_v at_o first_o in_o history_n for_o some_o great_a action_n and_o some_o heroical_a person_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a 〈◊〉_d he_o bid_v we_o to_o make_v a_o general_a action_n which_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o particular_a to_o impose_v name_n on_o the_o person_n after_o this_o first_o fiction_n and_o afterward_o to_o form_v the_o episodes_n for_o the_o better_a conceive_n of_o his_o mind_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n what_o he_o mean_v by_o a_o general_n what_o by_o a_o particular_a action_n 9_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n say_v he_o between_o a_o poet_n and_o a_o historian_n that_o the_o one_o write_v bare_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o other_o lay_v down_o thing_n just_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v for_o this_o reason_n poetry_n be_v more_o serious_a and_o more_o philosophical_a than_o history_n because_o poetry_n tell_v we_o of_o general_a thing_n and_o history_n rehearse_n singular_a thing_n a_o general_a thing_n be_v that_o which_o either_o probable_o or_o necessary_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v say_v or_o do_v and_o be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o poet_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o special_a regard_n when_o he_o impose_v the_o name_n on_o his_o personage_n a_o singular_a thing_n be_v that_o which_o alcibiades_n for_o instance_n have_v either_o do_v or_o suffer_v the_o poetical_a action_n than_o be_v neither_o singular_a nor_o historical_a but_o general_a and_o allegorical_a it_o be_v not_o what_o alcibiades_n have_v do_v but_o it_o be_v in_o general_a what_o any_o one_o else_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n it_o be_v a_o material_a point_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o a_o thing_n must_v be_v do_v after_o one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o its_o be_v either_o absolute_o good_a or_o for_o its_o be_v only_o probable_a no_o matter_n whether_o it_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a xenophon_n have_v feign_v the_o action_n of_o his_o cyrus_n in_o the_o first_o way_n and_o so_o have_v all_o the_o poet_n who_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o have_v undertake_v to_o describe_v the_o action_n of_o a_o great_a prince_n 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action_n that_o be_v just_a and_o feign_v regular_o by_o the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o poet_n it_o be_v that_o of_o the_o iliad_n without_o doubt_n he_o know_v that_o the_o action_n of_o achilles_n make_v choice_n of_o by_o homer_n horat._n be_v the_o anger_n of_o this_o hero_n so_o pernicious_a to_o the_o greek_n and_o not_o to_o the_o trojan_n we_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v that_o this_o great_a philosopher_n ever_o think_v that_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o a_o man_n who_o sacrifice_n his_o friend_n and_o his_o country_n to_o his_o own_o revenge_n be_v a_o action_n any_o way_n commendable_a virtuous_a or_o worthy_a the_o imitation_n of_o prince_n certain_o it_o have_v be_v more_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o homer_n country_n if_o he_o have_v sing_v of_o the_o war_n and_o the_o take_n of_o troy_n and_o yet_o 23._o aristotle_n do_v not_o only_o not_o blame_v he_o for_o forego_v such_o a_o glorious_a subject_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o more_o defective_a theme_n but_o he_o say_v that_o herein_o he_o have_v do_v something_o that_o be_v divine_a he_o be_v then_o perfect_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n with_o horace_n who_o will_v have_v achilles_n represent_v as_o choleric_a passionate_a and_o unjust_a just_a as_o homer_n have_v make_v he_o but_o that_o wherein_o aristotle_n be_v more_o instructive_a than_o horace_n be_v his_o method_n of_o give_v name_n to_o the_o personage_n that_o be_v introduce_v in_o a_o poem_n for_o how_o can_v one_o prepare_v the_o groundwork_n of_o a_o particular_a action_n of_o some_o illustrious_a hero_n that_o be_v not_o feign_v when_o one_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v whether_o the_o hero_n be_v achilles_n aeneas_n ulysses_n diomedes_n or_o any_o other_o and_o yet_o this_o be_v what_o aristotle_n order_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o epic_a fable_n when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o give_v name_n to_o personage_n till_o after_o the_o action_n be_v invent_v one_o shall_v indeed_o do_v that_o just_a 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propose_v it_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o when_o you_o have_v feign_v a_o action_n if_o it_o be_v mild_a and_o moderate_a you_o must_v not_o represent_v the_o chief_a personage_n thereof_o under_o the_o name_n of_o achilles_n tydeus_n medea_n or_o any_o other_o who_o passionate_a temper_n be_v well_o know_v in_o this_o doctrine_n we_o shall_v with_o aristotle_n meet_v with_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o first_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n be_v singular_a and_o true_a and_o not_o feign_v or_o invent_v by_o the_o poet._n the_o muti._n satirist_n make_v use_v of_o this_o sort_n in_o the_o second_o both_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o name_n be_v feign_v and_o invent_v by_o the_o poet_n and_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o comedian_n we_o have_v lay_v down_o
king_n jarbas_n it_o be_v by_o these_o very_a wile_n she_o will_v stop_v aeneas_n journey_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_v that_o deceive_v her_o very_a sister_n who_o be_v she_o only_o confident_a this_o character_n be_v vicious_a and_o odious_a virgil_n be_v oblige_v to_o it_o by_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o his_o fable_n but_o in_o the_o liberty_n it_o have_v give_v he_o he_o have_v take_v care_n according_a to_o aristotle_n maxim_n to_o give_v this_o character_n all_o the_o softness_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o raise_v it_o by_o all_o the_o beauty_n he_o find_v it_o capable_a of_o receive_v dido_n do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o wickedness_n of_o her_o temper_n but_o only_o to_o stay_v aeneas_n at_o carthage_n she_o be_v incline_v thereto_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o passion_n that_o render_v this_o action_n less_o odious_a and_o which_o put_v the_o reader_n upon_o lament_v and_o pity_v the_o torment_n she_o endure_v and_o the_o 4._o death_n she_o condemn_v herself_o to_o elsewhere_o he_o make_v her_o exercise_n her_o craftiness_n only_o upon_o noble_a lawful_a and_o glorious_a occasion_n 1._o he_o give_v her_o quality_n true_o royal._n she_o be_v magnificent_a courteous_a and_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o virtue_n all_o this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o that_o oblige_a way_n whereby_o she_o entertain_v the_o trojan_n before_o ever_o she_o have_v see_v aeneas_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o interest_v person_n than_o in_o the_o first_o latinus_n be_v a_o very_a good_a and_o pious_a prince_n but_o old_a and_o without_o son_n this_o give_v the_o queen_n a_o occasion_n of_o disobey_v his_o order_n and_o turnus_n a_o desire_n of_o be_v his_o son-in-law_n in_o spite_n of_o he_o and_o of_o force_v the_o good_a old_a man_n to_o proclaim_v war_n against_o aeneas_n and_o of_o make_v use_n of_o his_o subject_n his_o arm_n and_o his_o authority_n this_o default_n of_o authority_n be_v natural_a and_o ordinary_a among_o king_n that_o have_v no_o heir_n amata_n pretend_v to_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n of_o dispose_v of_o her_o daughter_n she_o be_v strange_o affect_v for_o her_o kinsman_n turnus_n she_o be_v so_o obstinate_o bend_v upon_o have_v he_o for_o her_o son-in-law_n that_o she_o have_v rather_o die_v than_o change_v her_o resolution_n this_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o woman_n put_v she_o upon_o take_v all_o manner_n of_o shape_v keep_v up_o her_o anger_n and_o her_o violence_n and_o be_v the_o principal_a character_n the_o poet_n give_v she_o the_o character_n of_o turnus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o 6._o achilles_n as_o far_o as_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o design_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fable_n will_v admit_v it_o be_v a_o young_a man_n furious_a and_o passionate_a for_o a_o damsel_n that_o a_o rival_n will_v rob_v he_o of_o 7._o his_o mind_n be_v all_o upon_o arm_n and_o war_n without_o trouble_v his_o head_n whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o whether_o the_o want_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o contrary_a order_n of_o the_o god_n make_v it_o criminal_a and_o impious_a he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v transport_v with_o anger_n the_o most_o prevail_a of_o all_o his_o passion_n this_o be_v the_o first_o idea_n our_o poet_n give_v of_o he_o and_o which_o he_o always_o keep_v up_o very_o careful_o he_o be_v less_o of_o a_o soldier_n and_o more_o of_o a_o general_n than_o achilles_n but_o this_o general_n in_o office_n sometime_o forget_v himself_o to_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o private_a soldier_n 9_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o this_o he_o may_v have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n the_o very_a second_o day_n when_o break_v into_o the_o entrenchment_n of_o aeneas_n which_o he_o besiege_v his_o fury_n make_v he_o forget_v to_o keep_v the_o passage_n open_a for_o his_o own_o man_n as_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v do_v so_o far_o be_v it_o true_a that_o anger_n be_v his_o principal_a character_n he_o be_v so_o full_a of_o the_o idea_n of_o achilles_n and_o so_o far_o master_n of_o his_o spirit_n that_o he_o brag_v of_o be_v like_o he_o 9_o go_v say_v he_o to_o pandarus_n when_o he_o kill_v he_o go_v tell_v priam_n thou_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o second_o achilles_n here_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o these_o artifices_fw-la to_o show_v the_o reader_n what_o sort_n of_o humour_n turnus_n be_v of_o the_o character_n of_o this_o hero_n have_v likewise_o this_o injustice_n of_o achilles_n in_o that_o from_o his_o own_o particular_a quarrel_n he_o raise_v a_o general_a war_n render_v his_o anger_n pernicious_a to_o both_o party_n and_o more_o to_o his_o own_o than_o to_o that_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o expose_v so_o many_o thousand_o innocent_n for_o his_o single_a interest_n the_o blackness_n of_o this_o character_n be_v shade_v as_o the_o vice_n of_o achilles_n by_o the_o lustre_n of_o a_o wonderful_a courage_n this_o may_v suffice_v without_o speak_v of_o the_o other_o personage_n one_o may_v apply_v to_o they_o whatever_o we_o have_v say_v here_o concern_v the_o manner_n and_o the_o character_n chap._n xi_o what_o the_o character_n be_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v infer_v that_o in_o the_o epic_a poem_n the_o character_n be_v not_o proper_o any_o particular_a virtue_n or_o quality_n but_o a_o composition_n of_o several_a which_o be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o different_a degree_n with_o the_o ornament_n and_o beauty_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n all_o the_o quality_n that_o go_v towards_o the_o make_v this_o composition_n can_v be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o class_n nor_o be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o because_o one_o carry_v the_o hero_n upon_o one_o encounter_n and_o another_o upon_o another_o encounter_n the_o character_n will_v seem_v vary_v and_o the_o poem_n as_o well_o as_o the_o hero_n will_v look_v like_o a_o body_n animate_v with_o several_a 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the_o poet_n have_v do_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n by_o shade_v it_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a valour_n or_o make_v they_o entire_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o true_a and_o solid_a virtue_n as_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o two_o other_o the_o dissimulation_n of_o ulysses_n be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o prudence_n and_o the_o meekness_n of_o aeneas_n be_v whole_o employ_v in_o submit_v the_o will_n of_o this_o hero_n to_o the_o go_n for_o the_o make_n up_o this_o union_n our_o poet_n have_v join_v together_o such_o quality_n as_o be_v by_o nature_n the_o most_o compatible_a valour_n with_o anger_n piety_n with_o goodness_n and_o prudence_n with_o dissimulation_n this_o last_o union_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o goodness_n of_o ulysses_n for_o without_o that_o his_o dissimulation_n may_v have_v degenerate_v into_o wickedness_n and_o knavery_n beside_o the_o fable_n require_v prudence_n in_o ulysses_n and_o piety_n in_o aeneas_n as_o we_o before_o observe_v in_o this_o the_o poet_n be_v not_o leave_v to_o their_o choice_n but_o homer_n may_v have_v make_v achilles_n not_o valiant_a the_o cowardice_n of_o this_o hero_n will_v have_v abate_v nothing_o of_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o fable_n so_o that_o it_o be_v the_o necessity_n he_o lie_v under_o of_o adorn_v his_o character_n and_o of_o not_o make_v achilles_n vicious_a where_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o it_o that_o oblige_v he_o to_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o valiant_a the_o valour_n then_o as_o well_o as_o the_o prudence_n and_o the_o piety_n in_o the_o other_o two_o poem_n which_o be_v the_o secondary_a quality_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o make_v up_o the_o goodness_n of_o each_o hero_n and_o communicate_v this_o same_o goodness_n to_o the_o whole_a poem_n but_o if_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n this_o secondary_a
of_o they_o for_o her_o husband_n and_o indulge_v themselves_o in_o all_o these_o violence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o they_o be_v persuade_v he_o will_v never_o return_v but_o at_o last_o he_o return_v and_o discover_v himself_o to_o his_o son_n and_o some_o other_o who_o have_v continue_v loyal_a to_o he_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o the_o insolence_n of_o his_o enemy_n punish_v they_o according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o restore_v to_o his_o island_n that_o tranquillity_n and_o repose_n which_o they_o have_v be_v stranger_n to_o during_o his_o absence_n as_o the_o truth_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o foundation_n to_o this_o fiction_n and_o which_o with_o it_o make_v the_o fable_n be_v that_o the_o absence_n of_o a_o person_n from_o his_o own_o home_n or_o who_o have_v not_o a_o eye_n to_o what_o be_v do_v there_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n so_o the_o principal_a action_n and_o the_o most_o essential_a one_o be_v the_o absence_n of_o the_o hero_n this_o 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be_v as_o so_o many_o part_n and_o natural_a consequence_n of_o the_o fundamental_a truth_n and_o which_o the_o poet_n very_o dexterous_o lay_v down_o in_o those_o fiction_n which_o be_v the_o episodes_n and_o member_n of_o the_o entire_a action_n such_o for_o instance_n be_v these_o advice_n not_o to_o intrude_v one_o self_n into_o the_o mystery_n of_o government_n which_o the_o prince_n keep_v secret_a to_o himself_o this_o be_v represent_v to_o we_o by_o the_o wind_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o bullhide_n which_o the_o miserable_a companion_n of_o ulysses_n must_v needs_o be_v so_o foolish_a as_o to_o pry_v into_o not_o to_o suffer_v one_o self_n to_o be_v lead_v away_o by_o the_o seem_a charm_n of_o a_o idle_a and_o lazy_a life_n to_o which_o the_o hor._n siren_n song_n invite_v man_n not_o to_o suffer_v one_o self_n to_o be_v sensualize_v by_o pleasure_n like_o those_o who_o be_v change_v into_o brute_n by_o circe_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o point_n of_o morality_n necessary_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n this_o poem_n be_v more_o useful_a to_o the_o vulgar_a than_o the_o iliad_n be_v where_o the_o subject_n suffer_v rather_o by_o the_o ill_a conduct_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o through_o their_o own_o fault_n but_o in_o the_o odysseïs_n it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o ulysses_n that_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o his_o subject_n this_o wise_a prince_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o make_v they_o sharer_n in_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o return_n thus_o the_o poet_n in_o the_o iliad_n say_v he_o sings_z the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n which_o have_v cause_v the_o death_n of_o so_o many_o grecian_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o 1._o odysseïs_n he_o tell_v his_o reader_n that_o the_o subject_n perish_v through_o their_o own_o fault_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v to_o be_v confess_v that_o these_o great_a name_n of_o king_n hero_n achilles_n agamemnon_n and_o ulysses_n do_v no_o less_o denote_v the_o mean_a burgher_n than_o they_o do_v the_o caesar_n the_o pompey_n and_o the_o alexander_n of_o the_o age._n the_o commonalty_n be_v as_o subject_a as_o the_o grandee_n to_o lose_v their_o estate_n and_o ruin_v their_o family_n by_o anger_n and_o division_n by_o negligence_n and_o want_n of_o take_v care_n of_o their_o business_n they_o stand_v in_o as_o much_o need_n of_o homer_n lesson_n as_o king_n they_o be_v as_o capable_a of_o profit_v thereby_o and_o it_o be_v as_o well_o for_o the_o small_a as_o the_o great_a that_o the_o morality_n of_o the_o school_n that_o of_o the_o fable_n and_o that_o of_o the_o chair_n deliver_v those_o truth_n we_o have_v be_v just_a speak_v of_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o aeneid_n in_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o aeneid_n we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v that_o simplicity_n which_o aristotle_n esteem_v so_o divine_a in_o homer_n but_o though_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n envy_v the_o poet_n this_o glory_n yet_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o matter_n it_o furnish_v he_o with_o start_v up_o such_o difficulty_n as_o require_v more_o spirit_n and_o conduct_n and_o have_v put_v we_o upon_o say_v that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o the_o aeneid_n more_o noble_a than_o in_o the_o iliad_n these_o very_a difficulty_n we_o be_v to_o solve_v and_o they_o call_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o utmost_a care_n and_o attention_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o the_o greek_n and_o the_o roman_n these_o last_o be_v under_o no_o obligation_n as_o be_v the_o former_a either_o of_o live_v in_o separate_a and_o independent_a state_n or_o of_o frequent_a confederate_v together_o against_o the_o common_a enemy_n if_o in_o this_o respect_n we_o will_v compare_v our_o two_o poet_n together_o virgil_n have_v but_o one_o poem_n to_o make_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v more_o like_o the_o odysseïs_n then_o the_o iliad_n since_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v govern_v by_o only_o one_o prince_n but_o without_o mention_v the_o inconvenience_n the_o latin_a poet_n may_v meet_v with_o in_o form_v a_o fable_n upon_o the_o same_o foundation_n which_o the_o greek_a have_v lay_v before_o he_o the_o roman_a state_n furnish_v he_o with_o matter_n different_a enough_o to_o help_v he_o to_o avoid_v tread_v in_o the_o footstep_n of_o he_o that_o go_v before_o he_o and_o to_o preserve_v to_o he_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o primary_n invention_n homer_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n speak_v only_a for_o state_n already_o establish_v and_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v but_o of_o a_o new_a date_n it_o be_v the_o change_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o which_o caesar_n subject_n have_v be_v always_o extreme_o biggote_v into_o a_o monarchy_n which_o till_o then_o they_o can_v never_o endure_v thus_o the_o instruction_n which_o the_o poet_n ought_v to_o give_v both_o to_o prince_n and_o people_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o those_o homer_n leave_v his_o countryman_n he_o ought_v to_o instruct_v augustus_n as_o the_o founder_n of_o a_o great_a empire_n and_o to_o inspire_v into_o he_o as_o well_o as_o his_o successor_n the_o same_o spirit_n and_o conduct_n which_o have_v raise_v this_o empire_n to_o such_o a_o grandeur_n a_o very_a expert_a roman_a and_o a_o great_a politician_n no_o less_o than_o offic_n cicero_n himself_o inform_v we_o that_o good_a humour_n and_o humanity_n be_v so_o far_o essential_a to_o this_o state_n that_o it_o be_v predominant_a even_o in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o war_n and_o that_o nothing_o but_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n can_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o good_a effect_n and_o he_o add_v that_o when_o this_o conduct_n be_v lose_v and_o this_o genius_n which_o give_v life_n to_o the_o state_n be_v go_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v but_o bare_a wall_n and_o what_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n may_v be_v term_v a_o dead_a carcase_n in_o short_a he_o show_v the_o advantage_n which_o a_o mild_a and_o moderate_a government_n have_v over_o a_o cruel_a and_o severe_a conduct_n which_o inspire_v man_n with_o nothing_o but_o a_o slavish_a fear_n this_o then_o be_v the_o instruction_n virgil_n will_v give_v the_o roman_a emperor_n who_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o augustus_n to_o be_v settle_v upon_o the_o throne_n this_o instruction_n have_v two_o part_n as_o each_o of_o homer_n have_v the_o first_o comprehend_v the_o misfortune_n which_o attend_v a_o tyrannical_a and_o violent_a reign_n and_o the_o second_o the_o happiness_n which_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o mild_a government_n homer_n have_v place_v both_o the_o part_n of_o each_o fable_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n achilles_n at_o first_o be_v at_o variance_n with_o the_o confederate_n and_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v to_o they_o ulysses_n be_v absent_a from_o home_n and_o at_o last_o return_v thither_o and_o in_o all_o this_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o difficulty_n but_o virgil_n
when_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o its_o episodes_n and_o the_o other_o be_v when_o he_o give_v to_o each_o a_o considerable_a extent_n it_o be_v by_o this_o method_n that_o the_o epic_a poet_n extend_v their_o poem_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o the_o dramatic_a we_o must_v likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o a_o action_n which_o of_o themselves_o do_v natural_o present_v we_o but_o with_o one_o single_a episode_n as_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n that_o of_o turnus_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v likewise_o more_o fertile_a part_n of_o the_o fable_n which_o oblige_v the_o poet_n to_o form_v several_a episodes_n of_o each_o part_n though_o in_o the_o first_o model_n they_o be_v express_v in_o as_o simple_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o rest_n such_o be_v the_o fight_n between_o the_o trojan_n and_o the_o grecian_n the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n the_o travel_n of_o aeneas_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n from_o his_o own_o country_n during_o so_o many_o year_n together_o do_v necessary_o require_v his_o presence_n elsewhere_o and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o fable_n oblige_v he_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o several_a danger_n and_o upon_o several_a state_n now_o each_o danger_n and_o each_o state_n furnish_v matter_n for_o a_o episode_n which_o the_o poet_n may_v make_v use_n of_o if_o he_o please_v we_o conclude_v then_o that_o episodes_n be_v not_o action_n but_o the_o part_n of_o a_o action_n that_o they_o be_v not_o add_v to_o the_o action_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o poem_n but_o that_o they_o constitute_v this_o action_n and_o this_o matter_n as_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n constitute_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o be_v not_o deduce_v from_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o the_o action_n that_o they_o be_v not_o unite_v and_o connect_v to_o the_o action_n but_o to_o one_o another_o that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o action_n be_v not_o so_o many_o episodes_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v amplify_v and_o extend_v by_o particular_a circumstance_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o poet_n rehearse_n a_o thing_n and_o last_o that_o this_o union_n between_o each_o other_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o episode_n and_o probable_a in_o the_o circumstance_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n there_o be_v four_o qualification_n in_o the_o epic_a action_n the_o first_o be_v its_o unity_n the_o second_o its_o integrity_n the_o three_o its_o importance_n and_o the_o four_o its_o duration_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o in_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v consider_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o draught_n and_o model_n of_o the_o fable_n but_o in_o the_o extend_a and_o episodized_a action_n and_o in_o truth_n if_o the_o episodes_n be_v not_o add_v to_o the_o action_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v the_o necessary_a part_n thereof_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o it_o and_o its_o unity_n still_o preserve_v and_o the_o fable_n which_o aristotle_n call_v episodical_a be_v such_o wherein_o some_o episodes_n that_o be_v foreign_a and_o not_o due_o connect_v add_v some_o action_n to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o so_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o it_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n as_o well_o as_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o fable_n do_v not_o consist_v either_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o hero_n or_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o time_n this_o be_v what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o tell_v wherein_o it_o do_v not_o consist_v than_o it_o be_v to_o discover_v wherein_o it_o do_v from_o the_o idea_n i_o have_v conceive_v thereof_o by_o read_v our_o author_n these_o three_o thing_n i_o suppose_v be_v necessary_a thereto_o the_o first_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o no_o episode_n but_o what_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a platform_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a member_n of_o this_o body_n the_o second_o be_v exact_o to_o unite_v these_o episodes_n and_o these_o member_n with_o one_o another_o and_o the_o three_o be_v never_o to_o finish_v any_o episode_n so_o as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o entire_a action_n but_o to_o let_v each_o episode_n still_o appear_v in_o its_o own_o particular_a nature_n as_o the_o member_n of_o a_o body_n and_o as_o a_o part_n of_o itself_o not_o complete_a we_o have_v already_o establish_v the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o qualification_n in_o the_o doctrine_n we_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o episodes_n and_o perhaps_o enough_o have_v be_v say_v about_o it_o but_o yet_o we_o will_v clear_v up_o this_o doctrine_n by_o some_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o principal_a episodes_n of_o the_o aeneid_n in_o the_o scheme_n we_o have_v draw_v of_o the_o fable_n and_o action_n of_o this_o poem_n we_o have_v observe_v that_o aeneas_n ought_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v a_o king_n new_o elect_v and_o the_o founder_n of_o a_o empire_n raise_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o decay_a state_n that_o this_o prince_n shall_v be_v oppose_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o last_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v establish_v by_o piety_n and_o the_o force_n of_o arms._n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o action_n be_v the_o alteration_n of_o a_o state_n of_o a_o king_n and_o of_o a_o priest_n and_o this_o be_v virgil_n first_o episode_n contain_v in_o his_o second_o book_n wherein_o the_o 2._o poet_n describe_v the_o subversion_n of_o the_o trojan_a empire_n in_o asia_n the_o death_n of_o king_n priam_n and_o of_o the_o priest_n panthus_n to_o all_o this_o he_o add_v the_o choice_n which_o both_o god_n and_o man_n make_v of_o aeneas_n to_o be_v the_o successor_n of_o these_o two_o decease_a person_n and_o to_o re-establish_a the_o empire_n of_o the_o trojan_n in_o italy_n the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o action_n begin_v when_o 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his_o year_n expire_v refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o throne_n to_o his_o brother_n polynices_n meet_v with_o assistance_n at_o argos_n and_o come_v to_o dispute_v his_o title_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n this_o be_v a_o exact_a beginning_n it_o require_v a_o consequence_n but_o not_o any_o thing_n antecedent_n thereto_o therefore_o it_o be_v irregular_o do_v to_o place_n before_o this_o beginning_n the_o recital_n of_o whatever_o happen_v from_o the_o sound_n of_o thebes_n and_o the_o rape_n of_o europa_n down_o to_o that_o time_n the_o quarrel_n of_o these_o two_o brother_n end_v with_o their_o death_n which_o be_v a_o exact_a end_n the_o reader_n do_v not_o desire_v one_o shall_v relate_v what_o become_v of_o creon_n the_o successor_n of_o eteocles_n therefore_o statius_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o his_o poem_n he_o be_v no_o less_o to_o blame_v for_o put_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o his_o poem_n the_o story_n of_o hypsipyle_n for_o this_o 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his_o friend_n by_o insult_v over_o his_o murderer_n he_o make_v he_o i_o say_v to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o tear_n and_o misfortune_n of_o king_n priam._n we_o see_v he_o as_o calm_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n during_o the_o funeral_n of_o hector_n as_o he_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o poem_n whilst_o the_o plague_n rage_v among_o the_o grecian_n this_o end_n be_v just_a since_o the_o calmness_n of_o temper_n achilles_n re-enjoyed_a be_v only_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o revenge_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v go_v before_o and_o after_o this_o no_o body_n expect_v any_o more_o of_o his_o anger_n thus_o have_v homer_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o the_o action_n he_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o the_o subject_a of_o his_o iliad_n his_o design_n in_o the_o odysseis_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n from_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n and_o his_o arrival_n at_o ithaea_n he_o open_v this_o poem_n with_o the_o complaint_n of_o minerva_n against_o neptune_n who_o oppose_v the_o return_n of_o this_o hero_n and_o against_o calypso_n who_o detain_v he_o in_o a_o island_n far_o from_o ithaca_n be_v this_o a_o beginning_n no_o doubtless_o it_o be_v not_o the_o reader_n will_v fain_o know_v why_o neptune_n be_v displease_v with_o ulysses_n and_o how_o this_o prince_n come_v to_o be_v with_o calypso_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o know_v how_o he_o come_v from_o troy_n thither_o the_o poet_n answer_v his_o demand_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o ulysses_n himself_o who_o relate_v these_o thing_n and_o begin_v the_o action_n by_o the_o recital_n of_o his_o travel_n from_o the_o city_n of_o troy_n it_o signify_v little_a whether_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o poem_n as_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v express_o of_o the_o order_n our_o poet_n have_v observe_v in_o their_o narration_n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o action_n than_o be_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o ulysses_n when_o upon_o his_o leave_v of_o troy_n he_o bend_v his_o course_n for_o ithaca_n the_o middle_a comprehend_v all_o the_o misfortune_n he_o endure_v and_o all_o the_o disorder_n of_o his_o own_o government_n the_o end_n be_v there_o instant_v of_o this_o hero_n in_o the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o his_o kingdom_n where_o he_o discover_v himself_o to_o his_o son_n his_o wife_n his_o father_n and_o several_z other_o the_o poet_n be_v sensible_a he_o shall_v have_v end_v ill_o have_v he_o go_v no_o far_a than_o the_o death_n of_o these_o prince_n who_o be_v the_o rival_n and_o enemy_n of_o ulysses_n because_o the_o reader_n may_v have_v look_v for_o some_o revenge_n which_o the_o subject_n of_o these_o prince_n may_v have_v take_v on_o he_o who_o have_v kill_v their_o sovereign_n but_o this_o danger_n over_o and_o these_o people_n vanquish_v and_o quiet_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o to_o be_v expect_v the_o poem_n and_o the_o action_n have_v all_o their_o part_n and_o no_o more_o the_o order_n of_o the_o odysseis_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o iliad_n in_o that_o the_o poem_n do_v not_o begin_v with_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n that_o of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v still_o more_o different_a since_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v not_o the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n of_o aeneis_n but_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o at_o present_a the_o design_n of_o virgil_n be_v to_o conduct_v aeneas_n into_o italy_n there_o to_o establish_v his_o god_n and_o religion_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n between_o the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n and_o the_o voyage_n of_o aeneas_n that_o no_o one_o ever_o question_n why_o a_o man_n return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n though_o homer_n have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o natural_a affection_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n yet_o the_o reader_n will_v never_o have_v fell_a out_o with_o he_o for_o this_o omission_n this_o be_v a_o well_o know_v cause_n it_o be_v neither_o a_o action_n of_o which_o one_o ought_v to_o make_v a_o narration_n nor_o a_o thing_n which_o precede_v this_o return_n but_o aeneas_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o natural_a affection_n he_o abandon_v his_o own_o country_n to_o go_v in_o search_n after_o a_o strange_a land_n the_o reader_n than_o will_v have_v the_o poet_n tell_v he_o why_o this_o hero_n leave_v troy_n beside_o ulysses_n be_v bear_v a_o king_n but_o aeneas_n be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o embarking_a of_o ulysses_n be_v sufficient_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n but_o the_o embarking_a of_o aeneas_n from_o troy_n on_o board_n the_o admiral_n of_o a_o fleet_n of_o twenty_o sail_n can_v be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n of_o aeneas_n aeneas_n abandon_v
suffer_v he_o to_o be_v reconcile_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o despair_n of_o agamemnon_n prepare_v for_o a_o solution_n by_o the_o satisfaction_n which_o the_o incense_a hero_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n join_v to_o the_o offer_v of_o agamemnon_n which_o alone_o have_v prove_v ineffectual_a remove_v this_o difficulty_n and_o make_v the_o unravel_n of_o the_o first_o part._n this_o death_n be_v likewise_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o part_n since_o it_o put_v achilles_n upon_o the_o design_n of_o revenge_a himself_o on_o hector_n but_o the_o design_n of_o hector_n be_v opposite_a to_o that_o of_o achilles_n this_o trojan_a hero_n be_v valiant_a and_o resolve_v to_o stand_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n this_o valour_n and_o resolution_n of_o hector_n be_v on_o his_o account_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o intrigue_n all_o the_o endeavour_n achilles_n use_v to_o meet_v with_o hector_n and_o be_v the_o death_n of_o he_o and_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n of_o the_o trojan_a to_o keep_v out_o of_o his_o reach_n and_o defend_v himself_o be_v the_o intrigue_n which_o comprehend_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o last_o day_n the_o vnravel_v begin_v at_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o contain_v the_o insult_a of_o achilles_n over_o his_o body_n the_o honour_n he_o pay_v to_o patroclus_n and_o the_o entreaty_n of_o king_n priam._n the_o regret_v of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o other_o trojan_n in_o the_o sorrowful_a obsequy_n they_o pay_v to_o hector_n body_n end_v the_o vnravel_n they_o justify_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o achilles_n and_o demonstrate_v his_o tranquillity_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n into_o ithaca_n neptune_n oppose_v it_o by_o raise_v tempest_n and_o this_o make_v the_o intrigue_n the_o vnravel_v be_v the_o arrival_n of_o ulysses_n upon_o his_o own_o island_n where_o neptune_n can_v offer_v he_o no_o far_o injury_n the_o second_o part_n be_v the_o reinstating_a this_o hero_n in_o his_o own_o government_n the_o prince_n that_o be_v his_o rival_n oppose_v he_o and_o this_o be_v a_o fresh_a intrigue_n the_o solution_n thereof_o begin_v at_o their_o death_n and_o be_v complete_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o ithacan_n be_v appease_v these_o two_o part_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n have_v not_o one_o common_a intrigue_n as_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o two_o other_o poem_n the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n form_n both_o the_o intrigue_n in_o the_o iliad_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o epopéa_n that_o the_o very_a beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o poem_n depend_v on_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o anger_n but_o let_v the_o desire_n achilles_n have_v to_o revenge_v himself_o and_o the_o desire_n ulysses_n have_v to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n be_v never_o so_o near_o akin_a yet_o we_o can_v place_v they_o under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o notion_n for_o the_o love_n of_o ulysses_n be_v not_o a_o passion_n that_o begin_v and_o end_v in_o the_o poem_n with_o the_o action_n it_o be_v a_o natural_a habit_n nor_o do_v the_o poet_n propose_v it_o for_o his_o subject_n as_o he_o do_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n virgil_n have_v divide_v his_o poem_n as_o homer_n do_v his_o odysseïs_n the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o voyage_n and_o arrival_n of_o aeneas_n in_o italy_n the_o second_o be_v his_o establishment_n there_o but_o he_o have_v connect_v these_o two_o great_a episodes_n better_a by_o give_v they_o a_o common_a intrigue_n he_o do_v not_o take_v for_o his_o first_o intrigue_n a_o deity_n who_o can_v act_v no_o where_o but_o by_o sea_n as_o neptune_n but_o 6._o make_v choice_n of_o juno_n the_o goddess_n of_o the_o air_n who_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n over_o sea_n and_o land_n she_o oppose_v the_o voyage_n of_o this_o hero_n and_o it_o be_v she_o likewise_o that_o oppose_v his_o settlement_n this_o opposition_n than_o be_v the_o general_n intrigue_n of_o the_o whole_a action_n the_o solution_n be_v over_o when_o 12._o juno_n be_v appease_v by_o jupiter_n the_o principal_a intrigue_n of_o the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o design_n of_o dido_n and_o the_o endeavour_n she_o use_v to_o keep_v aeneas_n still_o at_o carthage_n the_o complaint_n of_o jarbas_n the_o order_n mercury_n bring_v aeneas_n to_o be_v go_v and_o the_o re-fitting_a of_o the_o trojan_a fleet_n be_v preparation_n for_o the_o vnravel_a which_o begin_v at_o the_o departure_n of_o aeneas_n when_o he_o 4._o cut_v the_o cable_n which_o hold_v his_o ship_n at_o anchor_n dido_n may_v have_v do_v more_o mischief_n to_o aeneas_n either_o by_o pursue_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o be_v revenge_v on_o he_o or_o by_o follow_v he_o as_o his_o wife_n and_o though_o she_o stay_v still_o at_o africa_n whatever_o liberty_n man_n have_v in_o those_o day_n of_o put_v away_o one_o wife_n and_o marry_v another_o yet_o the_o poet_n have_v make_v he_o too_o honest_a a_o man_n than_o to_o allow_v he_o two_o wife_n live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n let_v case_n stand_v how_o they_o will_v yet_o aeneas_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o dido_n and_o to_o apply_v the_o prophecy_n of_o sibyl_n to_o himself_o 6._o which_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o misfortune_n he_o be_v to_o suffer_v shall_v be_v another_o foreign_a wife_n that_o shall_v entertain_v the_o trojan_n and_o be_v ravish_v from_o another_o man_n bed_n upon_o this_o account_n she_o must_v needs_o die_v and_o aeneas_n be_v certify_v of_o her_o death_n so_o that_o this_o vnravel_v be_v not_o complete_a till_o the_o six_o book_n 6._o where_o aeneas_n meet_v with_o the_o ghost_n of_o this_o unhappy_a queen_n in_o the_o shade_n below_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o second_o part_n be_v form_v out_o of_o the_o love_n and_o ambition_n of_o turnus_n who_o be_v countenance_v by_o the_o authority_n and_o passion_n of_o the_o queen_n amata_n the_o article_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o eleven_o book_n and_o which_o be_v swear_v to_o in_o the_o twelve_o prepare_v for_o the_o vnravel_v the_o death_n of_o amata_n begin_v and_o the_o death_n of_o turnus_n finish_v it_o after_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o principal_a intrigue_n the_o rest_n be_v easy_o discern_v there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v great_a and_o small_a episodes_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o way_n of_o form_v the_o plot_n or_o intrigue_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o intrigue_n and_o the_o vnravel_v thereof_o let_v we_o now_o say_v something_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o form_v both_o and_o this_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o poet_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o two_o thing_n shall_v arise_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o very_a essence_n and_o subject_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deduce_v thence_o their_o conduct_n be_v so_o exact_a and_o natural_a that_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o their_o action_n have_v present_v they_o with_o whatever_o they_o insert_v therein_o without_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o trouble_v of_o a_o far_a enquiry_n what_o be_v more_o usual_a and_o proper_a among_o warrior_n than_o anger_n heat_v passion_n and_o impatience_n of_o bear_v the_o least_o affront_v and_o disrespect_n this_o be_v what_o form_n the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o iliad_n and_o every_o thing_n we_o read_v there_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o humour_n and_o these_o passion_n what_o more_o natural_a and_o usual_a obstacle_n do_v they_o who_o take_v voyage_n meet_v with_o than_o the_o sea_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o storm_n homer_n make_v this_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n and_o for_o the_o second_o he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o almost_o infallible_a effect_n of_o the_o long_a absence_n of_o a_o master_n who_o return_n be_v quite_o despair_v of_o viz._n the_o insolence_n of_o his_o servant_n and_o neighbour_n the_o danger_n his_o son_n and_o wife_n be_v in_o and_o the_o sequestration_n of_o his_o estate_n beside_o a_o absence_n of_o almost_o 20_o year_n and_o the_o insupportable_a fatigue_n join_v to_o the_o age_n ulysses_n be_v then_o of_o may_v induce_v he_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v own_a by_o those_o that_o think_v he_o dead_a and_o who_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o have_v he_o be_v real_o so_o therefore_o if_o he_o have_v present_o declare_v who_o he_o be_v and_o have_v call_v himself_o ulysses_n they_o will_v easy_o have_v make_v away_o with_o he_o as_o a_o impostor_n before_o he_o have_v have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v himself_o know_v to_o they_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a nor_o more_o necessary_a than_o this_o ingenious_a disguise_n to_o which_o the_o advantage_n which_o his_o enemy_n have_v take_v of_o his_o absence_n have_v
be_v no_o hard_a matter_n for_o jupiter_n to_o cheer_v up_o her_o spirit_n and_o make_v her_o consent_n to_o the_o rest_n chap._n xv._n how_o to_o dispose_v or_o prepare_v the_o vnravel_v if_o the_o plot_n or_o intrigue_n must_v be_v natural_a and_o such_o as_o spring_n from_o the_o very_a subject_n as_o have_v be_v already_o urge_v then_o the_o wind_v up_o of_o the_o plot_n by_o a_o more_o sure_a claim_n must_v have_v this_o qualification_n and_o be_v a_o probable_a consequence_n of_o all_o that_o go_v before_o as_o the_o reader_n regard_v this_o more_o than_o the_o rest_n so_o shall_v the_o poet_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o exact_a therein_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o the_o last_o impression_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v stamp_v upon_o they_o and_o which_o either_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n they_o fight_v after_o or_o in_o such_o a_o dissatisfied_a temper_n as_o endanger_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o author_n let_v we_o now_o see_v the_o instance_n homer_n and_o virgil_n have_v leave_v we_o of_o this_o practice_n the_o vnravel_v of_o the_o plot_n of_o the_o iliad_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n who_o be_v incense_v at_o first_o against_o agamemnon_n and_o last_o against_o hector_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v natural_a in_o the_o appease_n of_o this_o anger_n the_o absence_n of_o achilles_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o greek_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o trojan_n he_o absent_v himself_o on_o purpose_n and_o it_o be_v a_o pleasure_n to_o he_o to_o see_v the_o loss_n they_o undergo_v that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v revenge_v on_o agamemnon_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v affront_v he_o among_o the_o wound_a he_o believe_v he_o see_v one_o of_o his_o friend_n for_o his_o better_a satisfaction_n therein_o he_o send_v thither_o his_o dear_a patroclus_n but_o this_o favourite_n of_o achilles_n have_v not_o the_o same_o passion_n with_o he_o he_o can_v not_o but_o be_v extreme_o concern_v at_o the_o miserable_a condition_n his_o ally_n be_v reduce_v to_o by_o the_o common_a enemy_n these_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o have_v do_v achilles_n no_o wrong_a importune_v patroclus_n to_o work_v he_o into_o a_o better_a temper_n and_o to_o persuade_v he_o not_o to_o suffer_v they_o shall_v be_v so_o unworthy_o use_v any_o long_a since_o he_o can_v defend_v they_o from_o the_o disgrace_n patroclus_n prevail_v upon_o achilles_n to_o lend_v he_o his_o man_n and_o armour_n and_o under_o this_o appearance_n beat_v back_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v likewise_o natural_a that_o this_o young_a hero_n intoxicate_v with_o so_o glorious_a a_o success_n shall_v push_v on_o his_o victory_n far_o than_o achilles_n have_v order_v he_o and_o so_o force_n hector_n to_o fight_v with_o and_o kill_v he_o but_o shall_v achilles_n endure_v that_o so_o near_a and_o dear_a a_o friend_n shall_v be_v butcher_v before_o his_o face_n and_o in_o his_o armour_n too_o without_o revenge_v the_o deed_n that_o can_v never_o be_v so_o then_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o achilles_n who_o be_v otherwise_o well_o enough_o satisfy_v and_o revenge_v upon_o agamemnon_n shall_v be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o accept_v of_o his_o submission_n his_o present_n and_o the_o oath_n he_o make_v that_o he_o have_v never_o to_o do_v with_o briseïs_n this_o first_o intrigue_n than_o be_v natural_o unravel_v the_o second_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o by_o a_o reconciliation_n with_o hector_n it_o be_v not_o in_o this_o trojan_a prince_n power_n to_o restore_v patroclus_n as_o agamemnon_n have_v briseïs_n nothing_o but_o hector_n death_n can_v be_v a_o satisfaction_n for_o that_o of_o patroclus_n it_o be_v by_o this_o that_o achilles_n begin_v his_o revenge_n beside_o the_o many_o indignity_n which_o he_o offer_v to_o the_o body_n of_o this_o innocent_a homocide_n and_o the_o great_a honour_n he_o pay_v to_o that_o of_o his_o friend_n must_v needs_o natural_o mollify_v his_o grief_n and_o assuage_v his_o passion_n to_o conclude_v as_o agamemnon_n repent_v and_o whole_o submit_v to_o what_o he_o please_v so_o likewise_o we_o find_v king_n priam_n prostrate_v at_o his_o foot_n in_o as_o miserable_a a_o condition_n as_o a_o father_n can_v be_v that_o take_v on_o for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o pacify_v anger_n of_o achilles_n and_o in_o the_o wind_v up_o of_o the_o plot_n of_o the_o iliad_n but_o what_o natural_o arise_v from_o the_o subject_a and_o the_o very_a action_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o in_o the_o odysseïs_n ulysses_n by_o a_o tempest_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o the_o phaeacans_n to_o who_o he_o discover_v himself_o and_o desire_v they_o will_v further_o his_o return_n to_o his_o own_o country_n which_o be_v not_o very_o far_o from_o thence_o one_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n of_o this_o island_n shall_v refuse_v such_o a_o reasonable_a request_n to_o a_o hero_n who_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v in_o great_a esteem_n the_o phaeacans_n have_v hear_v he_o tell_v the_o story_n of_o his_o adventure_n in_o this_o fabulous_a recital_n consist_v all_o the_o advantage_n they_o can_v derive_v from_o his_o presence_n for_o the_o art_n of_o war_n which_o they_o admire_v in_o he_o his_o undauntedness_n under_o danger_n his_o indefatigable_a patience_n and_o such_o like_a virtue_n be_v such_o as_o these_o islander_n be_v not_o use_v to_o all_o their_o talon_n lie_v in_o sing_v and_o dance_v and_o whatsoever_o a_o soft_a and_o quiet_a life_n esteem_v charm_v and_o here_o we_o see_v how_o dextrous_o homer_n prepare_v the_o incident_n he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o people_n can_v do_v no_o less_o for_o the_o account_n ulysses_n have_v give_v they_o of_o his_o life_n and_o with_o which_o he_o have_v ingenious_o entertain_v they_o than_o conduct_v he_o home_o by_o furnish_v he_o with_o ship_n which_o will_v stand_v they_o in_o little_a or_o nothing_o when_o he_o come_v home_o his_o long_a absence_n and_o the_o travel_n which_o have_v disfigure_v he_o make_v he_o altogether_o unknown_a and_o the_o danger_n he_o will_v have_v incur_v have_v he_o discover_v himself_o too_o soon_o force_v he_o to_o a_o disguise_n as_o we_o hint_v before_o last_o this_o disguise_n give_v he_o a_o opportunity_n of_o surprise_v those_o young_a gallant_n who_o for_o several_a year_n together_o have_v be_v only_o use_v to_o sleep_v well_o and_o fare_v dainty_o in_o the_o latin_a poet_n all_o the_o hindrance_n aeneas_n meet_v with_o be_v from_o turnus_n the_o turbulent_a spirit_n of_o this_o rival_n draw_v out_o the_o italian_n to_o fight_v the_o trojan_n and_o cost_v our_o hero_n as_o many_o subject_n as_o there_o be_v soldier_n slay_v in_o both_o party_n since_o he_o be_v already_o king_n of_o the_o one_o and_o within_o a_o while_n be_v to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o other_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v then_o in_o this_o case_n by_o a_o prince_n so_o valiant_a as_o aeneas_n and_o so_o affectionate_a and_o tender_a towards_o his_o subject_n 11._o be_v it_o not_o the_o most_o natural_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n that_o he_o shall_v declare_v he_o be_v ready_a to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o quarrel_n turnus_n have_v cause_v by_o fight_v single_o with_o he_o 12._o turnus_n for_o his_o part_n see_v the_o latin_n vanquish_v and_o deject_v he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o reproach_n they_o cast_v upon_o he_o for_o have_v expose_v they_o in_o his_o quarrel_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o answer_v the_o demand_n of_o aeneas_n can_v he_o shift_v off_o the_o challenge_n aeneas_n have_v send_v he_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o duel_n and_o the_o vnravel_n of_o all_o the_o action_n happen_v natural_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o fable_n these_o be_v the_o example_n our_o poet_n have_v leave_v we_o of_o aristotle_n rule_n 10._o he_o teach_v we_o that_o whatever_o conclude_v the_o poem_n shall_v so_o arise_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o fable_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o necessary_a or_o at_o least_o a_o probable_a consequence_n of_o all_o that_o go_v before_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o action_n the_o several_a effect_n which_o the_o vnravel_a of_o the_o plot_n produce_v and_o the_o different_a state_n to_o which_o it_o reduce_v the_o person_n divide_v the_o action_n into_o so_o many_o sort_n the_o vnravel_v of_o the_o intrigue_n may_v be_v by_o change_v of_o any_o one_o fortune_n from_o good_a to_o bad_a as_o that_o of_o oedipus_n or_o from_o bad_a to_o good_a as_o that_o of_o cinna_n oedipus_n seem_v to_o be_v innocent_a and_o in_o the_o very_a moment_n he_o think_v himself_o master_n of_o two_o kingdom_n he_o find_v himself_o guilty_a of_o incest_n and_o
parricide_n and_o become_v miserable_a blind_a and_o a_o exile_n cinna_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v condemn_v and_o look_n for_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o cruel_a punishment_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n he_o be_v free_v from_o death_n reestablish_v in_o his_o preferment_n and_o make_v master_n of_o aemylia_n sometime_o these_o two_o contrary_a turn_v of_o fortune_n happen_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n as_o in_o heraclius_n phocas_n be_v dethrone_v when_o he_o think_v himself_o settle_v in_o a_o sure_a post_n and_o heraclius_n step_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tyrant_n who_o be_v go_v to_o visit_v the_o other_o world_n but_o let_v this_o turn_v be_v what_o it_o will_v double_a or_o single_a fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a it_o be_v still_o call_v a_o peripetia_n sometime_o it_o happen_v by_o the_o discovery_n of_o one_o or_o more_o person_n which_o till_o then_o be_v unknown_a as_o in_o oedipus_n and_o heraclius_n sometime_o without_o any_o discovery_n as_o in_o cinna_n but_o let_v the_o matter_n end_n which_o way_n it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o peripetia_n without_o a_o discovery_n or_o a_o discovery_n without_o a_o peripetia_n or_o both_o together_o this_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o action_n which_o we_o call_v implex_n or_o mix_v but_o if_o the_o vnravel_a be_v without_o a_o discovery_n and_o without_o a_o peripetia_n if_o it_o be_v a_o simple_a pass_v from_o trouble_n and_o action_n to_o quiet_a and_o repose_v than_o these_o action_n and_o fable_n be_v call_v single_a one_o sometime_o likewise_o by_o a_o sub-division_n of_o the_o fable_n wherein_o be_v a_o peripetia_n aristotle_n have_v call_v those_o single_a where_o the_o peripetia_n be_v single_a and_o only_o of_o one_o sort_n as_o in_o cinna_n and_o those_o double_a where_o the_o peripetia_n be_v double_a as_o in_o heraclius_n according_a to_o this_o last_o division_n the_o fable_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v double_v because_o the_o vnravel_n of_o the_o intrigue_n make_v ulysses_n and_o his_o party_n pass_v from_o a_o miserable_a to_o a_o honourable_a state_n and_o cast_v his_o rival_n from_o their_o merriment_n to_o a_o shameful_a death_n 24._o this_o action_n than_o be_v likewise_o implex_n it_o be_v not_o only_o unravel_v by_o this_o double_a peripetia_n but_o likewise_o by_o the_o discovery_n of_o ulysses_n there_o be_v neither_o a_o discovery_n nor_o a_o peripetia_n in_o the_o iliad_n two_o general_n of_o the_o same_o party_n fall_v out_o and_o then_o agree_v after_o they_o have_v both_o suffer_v considerable_a loss_n achilles_n lose_v his_o friend_n patroclus_n and_o agamemnon_z his_o glory_n and_o authority_n he_o be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o trojan_n and_o force_v to_o submit_v to_o his_o inferior_a achilles_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n and_o to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o second_o part_n too_o enemy_n fight_n and_o he_o who_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o know_v himself_o so_o be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o kill_v this_o action_n than_o be_v whole_o single_a there_o be_v no_o more_o complexedness_n in_o the_o plot_n of_o the_o aeneid_n than_o in_o those_o of_o the_o iliad_n dido_n who_o come_v to_o so_o miserable_a a_o death_n be_v not_o more_o fortunate_a before_o that_o catastrophe_n her_o love_n for_o aeneas_n fill_v she_o at_o first_o with_o trouble_n and_o disquiet_v her_o marriage_n increase_v both_o and_o add_v thereto_o the_o dismal_a fear_n whereby_o she_o foresee_v her_o loss_n and_o all_o the_o horror_n of_o her_o death_n 4._o if_o she_o have_v any_o good_a fortune_n when_o she_o revenge_v her_o first_o husband_n punish_v the_o treachery_n of_o her_o brother_n and_o be_v establish_v so_o glorious_o all_o this_o happen_v before_o the_o trojan_n arrive_v at_o carthage_n and_o by_o consequence_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o action_n can_v not_o make_v a_o peripetia_n nothing_o pass_v between_o aeneas_n and_o turnus_n that_o be_v more_o complexed_a than_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o achilles_n and_o hector_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v altogether_o simple_a without_o a_o peripetia_n or_o a_o discovery_n not_o that_o the_o aeneid_n be_v absolute_o without_o a_o peripetia_n there_o be_v some_o in_o the_o lesser_a episodes_n in_o the_o fight_n with_o whirlbat_n entellus_n be_v knock_v down_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o antagonist_n every_o one_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o vanquish_v and_o dares_n begin_v to_o triumph_v but_o when_o rage_n have_v restore_v this_o old_a combatant_n the_o force_n which_o age_n have_v rob_v he_o of_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o leap_v up_o and_o dare_v find_v himself_o so_o overmatched_a and_o so_o confound_v that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v the_o least_o resistance_n but_o the_o quality_n of_o these_o episodes_n make_v nothing_o against_o the_o entire_a action_n the_o fable_n proper_o speak_v be_v only_o complex_fw-la when_o the_o peripetia_n or_o discovery_n happen_v in_o the_o main_a vnravel_v which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n i_o shall_v not_o stay_v here_o to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o discovery_n aristotle_n have_v mention_v there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o aeneid_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o i_o chief_o write_v and_o elsewhere_o this_o subject_n be_v common_o handle_v in_o the_o rule_n man_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o dramatic_a poem_n where_o be_v the_o most_o occasion_n for_o they_o but_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n it_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o vnravel_a and_o a_o part_n or_o a_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o poem_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n that_o which_o we_o call_v here_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n be_v the_o very_a last_o passage_n from_o agitation_n and_o trouble_v to_o quiet_a and_o repose_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o the_o vnravel_a and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o action_n this_o last_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o moment_n without_o extent_n and_o duration_n but_o the_o first_o be_v of_o some_o length_n since_o it_o comprehend_v all_o that_o happen_v after_o the_o plot._n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o vnravel_v in_o a_o poem_n because_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o intrigue_n all_o that_o be_v before_o the_o last_o make_v no_o kind_n of_o cessation_n but_o start_v up_o new_a difficulty_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n than_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o vnravel_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o than_o one._n this_o doctrine_n be_v a_o consequence_n of_o that_o which_o we_o lay_v down_o concern_v episodes_n none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o urge_v shall_v be_v entire_a and_o only_o the_o last_o can_v be_v regular_o finish_v a_o great_a many_o conclusion_n than_o be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o episodical_a poem_n as_o in_o the_o thebay_n of_o statius_n where_o he_o have_v finish_v the_o story_n of_o hypsipyle_n but_o now_o for_o some_o better_a instance_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o two_o poet_n the_o first_o part_n of_o virgil_n poem_n be_v the_o voyage_n of_o aeneas_n from_o troy_n to_o italy_n the_o plot_n be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o get_v thither_o and_o the_o opposition_n of_o juno_n who_o raise_v storm_n and_o other_o obstaole_n against_o he_o the_o vnravel_v begin_v at_o the_o last_o voyage_n of_o the_o hero_n from_o sicily_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o five_o book_n to_o italy_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n where_o he_o arrive_v in_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o book_n this_o vnravel_v 7._o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o voyage_n but_o do_v it_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o the_o trouble_n and_o danger_n of_o aeneas_n no_o 6._o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o cast_v he_o upon_o great_a it_o leave_v he_o not_o in_o repose_n but_o put_v he_o upon_o more_o action_n and_o more_o business_n than_o ever_o he_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o the_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o always_o join_v to_o the_o solution_n of_o that_o intrigue_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o general_a as_o be_v the_o design_n of_o juno_n in_o the_o aeneid_n this_o goddess_n give_v over_o act_v but_o aeneas_n do_v not_o he_o have_v still_o turnus_n to_o deal_v withal_o in_o a_o word_n since_o the_o poet_n do_v not_o sing_v the_o action_n of_o juno_n but_o of_o aeneas_n the_o poem_n and_o the_o action_n remain_v still_o unfinished_a even_o when_o this_o divine_a enemy_n have_v give_v over_o all_o the_o conclusion_n than_o be_v include_v in_o the_o death_n of_o turnus_n because_o that_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o action_n of_o aeneas_n it_o be_v true_a that_o even_o than_o aeneas_n have_v not_o quite_o execute_v his_o design_n he_o have_v not_o build_v
be_v all_o the_o rule_n he_o have_v leave_v we_o upon_o this_o head_n they_o consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o that_o the_o epic_a action_n be_v long_a than_o the_o dramatic_a and_o second_o that_o the_o epic_a action_n may_v be_v some_o long_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o epopéa_n and_o the_o drama_n concern_v which_o we_o say_v that_o a_o uninterrupted_a duration_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o necessary_a in_o a_o action_n which_o one_o see_v and_o be_v present_a at_o than_o in_o one_o which_o we_o read_v or_o only_o hear_v repeat_v it_o be_v not_o natural_a to_o imagine_v one_o can_v spend_v day_n and_o night_n without_o sleep_v eat_v and_o drink_v pure_o to_o mind_v the_o event_n of_o thing_n and_o that_o without_o move_v out_o of_o the_o place_n one_o can_v be_v convey_v to_o several_a place_n and_o hence_o arise_v the_o unity_n of_o time_n and_o place_n so_o necessary_a to_o the_o drama_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o unity_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o epic_a poem_n because_o we_o read_v it_o as_o a_o history_n which_o we_o may_v leave_v off_o when_o we_o please_v beside_o tragedy_n be_v full_a of_o passion_n and_o consequent_o full_a of_o such_o a_o violence_n as_o can_v last_v long_o require_v a_o short_a time_n and_o the_o epic_a poem_n require_v a_o long_a time_n for_o to_o give_v leisure_n to_o the_o habit_n if_o good_a to_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o mind_n and_o soul_n of_o the_o reader_n or_o to_o be_v root_v thence_o if_o bad_a these_o two_o reason_n constitute_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o epic_a and_o the_o dramatic_a action_n as_o to_o their_o duration_n but_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o know_v how_o long_o these_o action_n of_o the_o epopéa_n shall_v last_v and_o whether_o since_o as_o aristotle_n say_v they_o be_v unlimited_a this_o do_v not_o cause_v some_o difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n all_o we_o can_v do_v in_o the_o case_n be_v to_o lay_v down_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o poet_n and_o to_o make_v such_o reflection_n therein_o as_o aristotle_n have_v give_v we_o liberty_n to_o make_v this_o philosopher_n say_v whatsoever_o be_v violent_a can_v last_v long_o and_o in_o his_o poesy_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o personage_n be_v either_o 15._o violent_a and_o strong_a or_o calm_a sedate_n and_o soft_a the_o first_o can_v last_v so_o long_o as_o the_o other_o a_o man_n can_v be_v good_a humour_a peaceable_a and_o prudent_a all_o his_o life-long_a and_o no_o body_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o it_o but_o one_o will_v wonder_v to_o see_v he_o keep_v up_o his_o anger_n and_o be_v in_o a_o violent_a agitation_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n all_o that_o time_n and_o though_o this_o long_a train_n of_o passion_n be_v probable_a yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v necessary_a in_o a_o poem_n that_o be_v design_v to_o root_v out_o or_o plant_v in_o habit_n since_o the_o habit_n be_v soon_o receive_v and_o impress_v by_o 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troy_n famous_a war_n and_o priam_n '_o s_o fate_n i_o sing_v in_o what_o will_v all_o this_o ostentation_n end_n the_o mountain_n labour_n and_o a_o mouse_n be_v bear_v how_o far_o be_v this_o from_o the_o maeonian_a style_n muse_n speak_v the_o man_n who_o since_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n so_o many_o town_n such_o change_n of_o manner_n saw_n one_o with_o a_o flash_n begin_v and_o end_n in_o smoke_n the_o other_o out_o of_o smoak_n bring_v glorious_a light_n and_o without_o raise_v expectation_n high_a surprise_v we_o with_o dazzle_v miracle_n the_o bloody_a lestrygon_n in_o humane_a feast_n with_o all_o the_o monster_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n how_o scylla_n bark_v and_o polyphemus_n roar_v horace_n art_n of_o poetry_n english_v by_o roscommon_n and_o in_o truth_n what_o can_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o modest_a than_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n which_o do_v not_o promise_v we_o any_o great_a action_n of_o this_o hero_n but_o only_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o 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poem_n that_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v whole_o omit_v and_o beside_o art_n may_v oblige_v the_o poet_n to_o make_v some_o kind_n of_o conformity_n between_o the_o character_n of_o the_o proposition_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a poem_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o long_a series_n of_o heat_n and_o violence_n but_o to_o conclude_v the_o poet_n acquit_v himself_o of_o these_o obligation_n with_o so_o much_o simplicity_n and_o modesty_n that_o one_o can_v charge_v upon_o he_o the_o transgress_a of_o horace_n rule_n for_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o these_o heroe_n death_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o heroe_n valour_n and_o courage_n he_o only_o say_v that_o he_o sing_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n which_o have_v bring_v so_o many_o disaster_n upon_o the_o greek_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o death_n of_o so_o many_o home_n who_o be_v expose_v as_o a_o prey_n to_o bird_n and_o beast_n certain_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o grandeur_n here_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o any_o glory_n or_o splendour_n as_o in_o that_o trouble_n and_o smoke_n which_o will_v scarce_o let_v we_o see_v it_o beside_o this_o sort_n of_o bombast_n which_o thing_n propose_v with_o too_o much_o glaze_v produce_v or_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o personage_n that_o at_o the_o very_a first_o be_v praise_v unreasonable_o and_o set_v off_o with_o too_o great_a idea_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o that_o respect_v the_o person_n of_o the_o poet._n he_o shall_v speak_v as_o modest_o of_o himself_o as_o of_o his_o hero_n or_o his_o subject_n virgil_n in_o plain_a term_n say_v that_o he_o sing_v the_o action_n of_o aeneas_n homer_n beg_v his_o muse_n to_o inspire_v the_o action_n into_o he_o or_o to_o sing_v it_o for_o he_o this_o be_v all_o claudian_n have_v not_o follow_v these_o exemplar_n etc._n he_o say_v his_o song_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o boldness_n that_o the_o poetical_a fury_n and_o the_o whole_a 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short_a upon_o this_o subject_a he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o spend_v thirty_o verse_n about_o it_o the_o most_o usual_a and_o proper_a way_n for_o poesy_n be_v to_o lay_v down_o these_o piece_n of_o doctrine_n disguise_v under_o the_o allegory_n of_o some_o action_n or_o other_o homer_n do_v this_o often_o in_o some_o physical_a point_n the_o age_n virgil_n live_v in_o oblige_v he_o to_o be_v more_o reserve_v therein_o by_o which_o mean_n he_o have_v more_o example_n of_o lesson_n in_o morality_n we_o have_v say_v something_o already_o about_o this_o in_o the_o first_o book_n and_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o it_o in_o the_o book_n about_o machine_n and_o the_o god_n and_o likewise_o in_o this_o book_n when_o we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o the_o epic_a narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a the_o meeting_n of_o council_n may_v be_v reckon_v among_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v the_o narration_n languish_v and_o render_v it_o unpleasant_a quietness_n moderation_n and_o argue_v of_o debate_n ought_v natural_o to_o preside_v there_o and_o all_o this_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n and_o the_o action_n which_o ought_v to_o appear_v throughout_o the_o whole_a epic_a poem_n our_o poet_n have_v careful_o avoid_v all_o manner_n of_o sage_a and_o serious_a debate_n where_o each_o person_n speak_v in_o his_o turn_n and_o deliver_v his_o sober_a thought_n they_o general_o bring_v in_o some_o hasty_a or_o passionate_a person_n such_o as_o be_v achilles_n and_o agamemnon_z in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o iliad_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o grecian_n and_o trojan_n of_o this_o fable_n such_o likewise_o in_o the_o aeneid_n be_v venus_n and_o juno_n in_o the_o ten_o book_n and_o drauce_n and_o turnus_n in_o the_o eleven_o the_o council_n in_o the_o nine_o book_n be_v altogether_o as_o passionate_a but_o the_o movement_n be_v of_o another_o kind_n there_o be_v neither_o quarrel_n nor_o heat_n all_o the_o personage_n therein_o be_v generous_a and_o manly_a and_o yet_o of_o above_o threescore_o verse_n which_o the_o poet_n spend_v about_o it_o there_o be_v scarce_o five_o calm_a one_o nisus_n and_o young_a euryalus_n that_o be_v introduce_v therein_o make_v the_o rest_n so_o passionate_a that_o this_o passage_n be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o least_o tender_a and_o move_a beauty_n which_o the_o aeneid_n have_v of_o this_o kind_n if_o these_o assembly_n be_v without_o passion_n there_o shall_v be_v little_o say_v in_o they_o and_o no_o body_n contradict_v what_o be_v propose_v these_o incident_n be_v not_o so_o much_o debate_n as_o simple_a proposal_n of_o what_o be_v go_v to_o be_v do_v there_o shall_v likewise_o such_o proper_a place_n be_v choose_v for_o they_o in_o the_o poem_n where_o they_o may_v not_o interrupt_v the_o series_n of_o the_o action_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o two_o assembly_n of_o the_o god_n in_o the_o first_o and_o five_o book_n of_o the_o odysseis_n the_o first_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o poem_n where_o it_o interrupt_v nothing_o and_o the_o second_o do_v not_o last_v long_o and_o be_v only_o a_o simple_a transition_n from_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o transaction_n at_o ithaca_n during_o the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n to_o the_o recital_n of_o that_o which_o more_o particular_o regard_v the_o person_n of_o this_o hero_n the_o reader_n be_v offend_v likewise_o when_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o he_o which_o he_o know_v already_o this_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o fault_n in_o homer_n time_n virgil_n be_v more_o exact_a herein_o venus_n in_o the_o first_o book_n will_v not_o make_v a_o recital_n of_o her_o misfortune_n to_o aeneas_n she_o interrupt_v it_o to_o comfort_v he_o and_o in_o the_o three_o book_n when_o good_a manner_n oblige_v this_o hero_n to_o relate_v his_o story_n to_o andromache_n helenus_n come_v in_o very_o opportune_o and_o so_o hinder_v he_o from_o go_v on_o with_o his_o discourse_n chap._n vii_o of_o probability_n truth_n and_o probability_n may_v meet_v together_o since_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v true_a may_v appear_v such_o this_o be_v what_o be_v common_a but_o sometime_o truth_n itself_o be_v only_a probability_n as_o in_o miraculous_a prodigious_a and_o extraordinary_a action_n sometime_o likewise_o there_o be_v probability_n without_o truth_n as_o in_o the_o ordinary_a fiction_n of_o the_o poet_n in_o a_o word_n a_o action_n may_v be_v either_o only_a true_a or_o only_o probable_a or_o else_o without_o truth_n and_o probability_n or_o last_o it_o may_v have_v both_o these_o qualification_n these_o four_o sort_n of_o action_n or_o thing_n have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v divide_v among_o four_o sort_n of_o learning_n history_n have_v get_v the_o first_o rely_v only_o on_o that_o which_o be_v true_a independent_o from_o probability_n which_o may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v in_o it_o such_o be_v the_o action_n of_o the_o maid_n of_o orleans_n the_o epic_a and_o dramatic_a fable_n be_v opposite_a to_o history_n in_o that_o they_o prefer_v a_o probable_a falsity_n before_o a_o improbable_a truth_n such_o a_o action_n as_o samson_n will_v be_v less_o proper_a for_o the_o subject_a of_o a_o epic_a poem_n than_o the_o death_n of_o dido_n who_o make_v away_o with_o herself_o when_o aeneas_n leave_v she_o aesop_n be_v alike_o negligent_a of_o truth_n and_o probability_n in_o the_o discourse_n he_o attribute_n to_o the_o beast_n last_o moral_a philosophy_n shall_v not_o only_o mind_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o teach_v but_o it_o be_v likewise_o necessary_a that_o this_o truth_n appear_v such_o and_o convince_v those_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o convince_v that_o it_o be_v profitable_a but_o to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o epopéa_n we_o may_v add_v that_o natural_o it_o make_v use_v of_o both_o truth_n and_o probability_n as_o morality_n do_v and_o that_o in_o its_o expression_n and_o its_o dress_n it_o assume_v a_o liberty_n very_o like_o that_o of_o aesop_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o aeneas_n when_o go_v for_o italy_n endure_v a_o dreadful_a storm_n which_o cast_v he_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o he_o escape_v it_o be_v a_o moral_a truth_n that_o god_n prove_v and_o sometime_o seem_v to_o abandon_v good_a man_n and_o that_o at_o last_o he_o rescue_v they_o from_o the_o danger_n into_o which_o he_o have_v permit_v they_o to_o fall_v this_o be_v not_o only_o true_a but_o likewise_o probable_a but_o the_o discourse_n that_o pass_v between_o juno_n and_o aeolus_n and_o what_o neptune_n say_v to_o boreas_n and_o zephyrus_n have_v as_o little_a truth_n and_o probability_n in_o they_o as_o the_o intercourse_n that_o pass_v between_o the_o country_n and_o the_o city-mouse_n so_o much_o may_v be_v say_v in_o the_o general_a to_o be_v more_o particular_a and_o to_o speak_v more_o exact_o and_o methodical_o concern_v the_o probability_n of_o epic_a narration_n we_o shall_v reduce_v it_o to_o several_a head_n and_o consider_v it_o according_a to_o divinity_n according_a to_o morality_n according_a to_o nature_n according_a to_o reason_n according_a to_o experience_n and_o according_a to_o vulgar_a opinion_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o with_o respect_n to_o divinity_n but_o what_o be_v probable_a because_o with_o god_n nothing_o be_v impossible_a this_o be_v a_o mean_v the_o poet_n often_o make_v use_n of_o to_o render_v every_o thing_n probable_a which_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o feign_v contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n this_o be_v a_o ample_a subject_n and_o require_v a_o particular_a treatise_n which_o we_o shall_v bestow_v upon_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o machine_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o morality_n require_v both_o truth_n and_o probability_n and_o the_o first_o be_v more_o necessary_a than_o the_o last_o a_o poet_n be_v former_o condemn_v and_o fine_v for_o a_o default_n in_o this_o upon_o the_o theatre_n for_o he_o make_v a_o personage_n who_o he_o have_v represent_v as_o a_o honest_a man_n to_o say_v that_o when_o his_o tongue_n swear_v his_o mind_n do_v not_o certain_o it_o be_v neither_o true_a nor_o probable_a that_o a_o honest_a man_n shall_v ever_o trick_v another_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n and_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v those_o promise_n he_o never_o intend_v to_o keep_v seneca_n the_o philosopher_n accuse_v virgil_n of_o a_o fault_n against_o natural_a truth_n and_o probability_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o grot_n because_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o air_n or_o vapour_n in_o motion_n it_o destroy_v its_o nature_n to_o suppose_v it_o in_o a_o profound_a repose_n vossius_fw-la answer_v this_o and_o say_v that_o the_o poet_n have_v very_o well_o describe_v the_o natural_a production_n of_o wind_n which_o arise_v from_o hill_n by_o the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n that_o be_v enclose_v therein_o and_o that_o it_o be_v
oh_o jupiter_n what_o shall_v this_o stranger_n go_v off_o so_o etc._n etc._n but_o these_o motion_n be_v very_o well_o prepare_v 4._o dido_n entertain_v thought_n of_o her_o death_n before_o aeneas_n leave_v she_o she_o spend_v her_o night_n in_o nothing_o else_o but_o disquietude_n and_o such_o distract_n thought_n as_o these_o her_o fear_n possess_v she_o with_o ibid._n soon_o as_o the_o dawn_n begin_v to_o clear_v the_o sky_n down_o to_o the_o shore_n the_o sad_a queen_n cast_v her_o eye_n where_o when_o she_o do_v the_o empty_a port_n survey_v and_o now_o the_o fleet_n with_o ming_n display_v at_o sea_n her_o hand_n hold_v up_o her_o golden_a tress_n tear_v must_v we_o say_v she_o of_o force_n endure_v this_o scorn_n can_v we_o not_o have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n nor_o meet_v this_o fraud_n with_o fraud_n not_o burn_v this_o wicked_a fleet_n have_v fly_v pursue_v row_n and_o let_v every_o hand_n snatch_v up_o with_o speed_n some_o swift_a revenge_a brand_n english_v by_o edm._n waller_n and_o sidney_n godolphin_n esquire_n this_o be_v no_o surprise_n to_o the_o hearer_n they_o be_v so_o well_o prepare_v for_o it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v wonder_v if_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o speech_n have_v be_v less_o passionate_a the_o practice_n of_o seneca_n be_v quite_o contrary_a if_o he_o have_v any_o recital_n to_o make_v which_o ought_v to_o imprint_v some_o great_a passion_n or_o other_o he_o take_v away_o from_o both_o his_o personage_n and_o his_o audience_n all_o the_o inclination_n they_o may_v have_v towards_o it_o if_o they_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o sorrow_n fear_n and_o expectation_n of_o some_o dreadful_a thing_n he_o will_v begin_v by_o some_o fine_a and_o elegant_a description_n of_o some_o place_n or_o other_o which_o only_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o copiousness_n and_o the_o poignant_a bloomy_a wit_n of_o a_o poet_n without_o judgement_n in_o the_o troad_n hecuba_n and_o andromache_n be_v dispose_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o violent_a and_o barbarous_a death_n of_o their_o son_n astyanax_n who_o the_o grecian_n have_v throw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n it_o mighty_o concern_v they_o indeed_o to_o know_v that_o among_o the_o crowd_n that_o flock_v from_o all_o part_n to_o that_o sad_a sight_n etc._n some_z there_o be_v who_o stand_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a decay_a building_n other_o who_o leg_n tremble_v under_o they_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v a_o little_a too_o high_a etc._n etc._n people_z that_o have_v the_o patience_n to_o speak_v or_o hear_v such_o idle_a stuff_n be_v so_o little_o incline_v to_o weep_v that_o they_o have_v need_n have_v notice_n as_o the_o mercenary_a mourner_n of_o old_a have_v when_o it_o be_v time_n to_o set_v up_o their_o whine_v the_o second_o thing_n we_o think_v necessary_a for_o the_o well_o manage_v the_o passion_n and_o to_o make_v the_o auditor_n sensible_a of_o they_o be_v to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o poem_n pure_a and_o disengage_v from_o every_o thing_n that_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o produce_v their_o due_a effect_n it_o be_v necessary_a then_o to_o avoid_v the_o vicious_a multiplicity_n of_o fable_n where_o there_o be_v too_o many_o story_n too_o many_o fable_n too_o many_o action_n the_o adventure_n too_o much_o divide_v and_o hard_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o such_o intrigue_n as_o one_o can_v easy_o comprehend_v all_o this_o distract_v the_o mind_n and_o require_v so_o much_o attention_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v for_o the_o passion_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o disengage_v to_o be_v the_o more_o sensible_a of_o they_o we_o destroy_v our_o true_a sorrow_n when_o we_o divert_v our_o thought_n another_o way_n and_o how_o contrary_a will_v these_o troublesome_a application_n be_v to_o the_o fiction_n and_o movement_n of_o poem_n of_o all_o the_o obstacle_n that_o destroy_v the_o passion_n the_o passion_n themselves_o be_v not_o the_o least_o they_o fight_z with_o and_o destroy_v one_o another_o and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v mix_v together_o a_o subject_a of_o joy_n and_o a_o subject_a of_o sorrow_n he_o will_v make_v neither_o of_o they_o sink_v deep_a immitia_fw-la horace_n inform_v we_o that_o no_o poetical_a licence_n will_v allow_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o mixture_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o these_o habit_n impose_v this_o law_n the_o blood_n and_o animal_n spirit_n can_v move_v so_o smooth_o on_o in_o their_o usual_a way_n at_o quiet_a if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o be_v stop_v and_o retard_v by_o some_o violence_n such_o as_o admiration_n cause_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o two_o motion_n whilst_o fear_n contract_v they_o from_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o make_v they_o rally_v about_o the_o heart_n or_o whilst_o anger_n send_v they_o into_o the_o muscle_n and_o make_v they_o act_v there_o with_o a_o violence_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o fear_n a_o poet_n than_o shall_v be_v acquaint_v with_o both_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o passion_n in_o our_o soul_n it_o be_v there_o we_o be_v more_o sensible_a of_o they_o and_o know_v they_o better_o than_o in_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n this_o knowledge_n and_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o genius_n will_v make_v he_o manage_v they_o with_o all_o the_o force_n and_o the_o effect_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o here_o we_o will_v propose_v two_o example_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o simplicity_n and_o the_o disengagement_n of_o each_o passion_n the_o admirable_a must_v needs_o be_v predominant_a in_o the_o warlike_a virtue_n of_o a_o maid_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passion_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o episode_n of_o camilla_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n he_o have_v make_v pity_n to_o reign_v in_o that_o of_o pallas_n this_o passion_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o this_o young_a prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o heroe_n party_n but_o the_o poet_n do_v not_o mix_v these_o two_o passion_n together_o he_o only_o show_v in_o pallas_n all_o that_o ordinary_a courage_n that_o a_o young_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o he_o fight_v turnus_n but_o do_v not_o go_v out_o to_o attack_v he_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o wound_v he_o nor_o put_v he_o in_o the_o least_o danger_n he_o only_o attend_v his_o come_n and_o 10._o speak_v to_o he_o more_o like_a one_o that_o fear_v not_o death_n than_o one_o who_o expect_v to_o kill_v he_o he_o be_v kill_v at_o the_o first_o blow_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v something_o more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o the_o lamentation_n which_o aeneas_n and_o the_o unhappy_a evander_n make_v upon_o his_o death_n camilla_n on_o the_o contrary_a make_v herself_o admire_v by_o a_o valour_n become_v a_o hero_n but_o she_o die_v without_o be_v pity_v that_o which_o diana_n say_v upon_o the_o subject_a deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lamentation_n in_o comparison_n to_o that_o which_o aeneas_n and_o evander_n make_v for_o pallas_n beside_o the_o speech_n of_o diana_n be_v say_v before_o her_o death_n and_o be_v not_o in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v have_v any_o great_a effect_n in_o short_a camilla_n be_v kill_v she_o be_v revenge_v and_o nothing_o more_o say_v about_o it_o how_o many_o poet_n be_v there_o that_o will_v have_v bestow_v a_o lover_n or_o two_o upon_o she_o and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o episode_n as_o move_v as_o that_o of_o clorinda_n and_o tancred_n this_o beauty_n do_v not_o escape_v virgil_n view_n 10._o he_o say_v that_o several_a italian_a dame_n court_v she_o for_o their_o son_n this_o reflection_n show_v we_o that_o his_o thought_n be_v upon_o every_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o choice_n and_o judgement_n that_o he_o omit_v that_o which_o will_v have_v appear_v so_o beautiful_a to_o other_o poet_n but_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o passion_n nor_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o effect_n chap._n x._o how_o the_o narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a the_o epic_a narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a this_o qualification_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o it_o that_o aristotle_n expression_n herein_o seem_v to_o confound_v the_o epopéa_n with_o the_o tragedy_n it_o be_v by_o this_o he_o begin_v to_o lay_v down_o rule_n for_o this_o first_o sort_n of_o poem_n 23._o it_o be_v requisite_a say_v he_o that_o the_o epic_a fable_n be_v dramatic_a like_o those_o that_o be_v in_o tragedy_n now_o that_o which_o make_v tragedy_n dramatic_a and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o which_o it_o have_v the_o name_n which_o signify_v to_o 〈◊〉_d act_n be_v that_o the_o poet_n never_o speak_v in_o it_o and_o that_o every_o thing_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o personage_n that_o be_v introduce_v and_o who_o alone_a act_n
and_o speak_v therein_o from_o whence_o we_o learn_v that_o since_o aristotle_n require_v this_o qualification_n likewise_o in_o the_o epopéa_n he_o thereby_o order_n that_o the_o personage_n speak_v likewise_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o poem_n nor_o do_v he_o hereby_o exclude_v the_o narration_n of_o the_o poet._n this_o can_v never_o be_v since_o he_o himself_o say_v that_o the_o epopéa_n be_v a_o imitation_n carry_v on_o by_o a_o narration_n and_o that_o in_o truth_n the_o narration_n of_o the_o poet_n be_v its_o form_n which_o distinguish_v it_o the_o most_o essential_o from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o theatre_n but_o he_o mean_v that_o these_o two_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o mix_v that_o the_o personage_n speak_v very_o often_o 24._o homer_n say_v he_o who_o merit_v so_o much_o praise_n in_o other_o thing_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v admire_v for_o this_o that_o he_o have_v be_v the_o only_a poet_n who_o know_v what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v for_o the_o poet_n shall_v speak_v but_o little_a the_o poetical_a imitation_n consist_v not_o so_o much_o in_o what_o the_o poet_n say_v as_o in_o what_o he_o make_v his_o personage_n say_v the_o other_o poet_n show_v themselves_o from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o their_o poem_n they_o imitate_v but_o seldom_o and_o then_o they_o carry_v not_o on_o their_o imitation_n very_o far_o homer_n use_v a_o quite_o contrary_a method_n after_o have_v say_v a_o very_a little_a himself_o he_o present_o introduce_v some_o one_o or_o other_o of_o his_o personage_n this_o be_v what_o aristotle_n say_v nor_o need_v it_o any_o comment_n to_o this_o famous_a example_n he_o have_v give_v we_o in_o homer_n we_o may_v join_v that_o of_o the_o latin_a poet_n who_o speak_v less_o in_o his_o aeneid_n than_o he_o make_v his_o personage_n speak_v but_o the_o last_o word_n of_o aristotle_n be_v capable_a of_o two_o interpretation_n the_o first_o be_v ib._n homer_n say_v but_o little_a himself_o and_o present_o introduce_v a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n or_o something_o else_o that_o have_v manner_n but_o without_o that_o qualification_n he_o introduce_v nothing_o so_o that_o all_o the_o word_n which_o follow_v the_o mention_n of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n signify_v a_o deity_n or_o a_o feign_a person_n which_o though_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o have_v no_o manner_n yet_o have_v some_o in_o the_o poem_n into_o which_o allegorical_o one_o may_v bring_v all_o manner_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o into_o other_o fable_n for_o this_o thought_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o fable_n in_o general_n when_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o different_a sort_n by_o the_o term_n moracae_n that_o be_v by_o the_o manner_n that_o be_v attribute_v to_o something_o that_o have_v none_o we_o understand_v those_o where_o for_o the_o personage_n we_o introduce_v beast_n plant_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n have_v no_o manner_n thus_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o olive-tree_n and_o the_o reed_n the_o olive-tree_n be_v proud_a and_o vaunt_v itself_o because_o it_o stand_v so_o firm_a as_o not_o to_o bend_v to_o every_o blast_n of_o wind_n as_o the_o reed_n do_v whatever_o then_o be_v introduce_v into_o fable_n ought_v so_o necessary_o and_o essential_o to_o have_v manner_n that_o the_o author_n be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o thing_n that_o natural_o be_v not_o endue_v with_o they_o in_o short_a if_o the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n which_o aristotle_n make_v use_v of_o do_v not_o proper_o signify_v god_n and_o goddess_n he_o will_v without_o doubt_n have_v omit_v a_o great_a part_n of_o homer_n personage_n he_o have_v do_v well_o then_o in_o add_v or_o some_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v manner_n and_o this_o will_v denote_v not_o only_a apollo_n thetis_n jupiter_n and_o such_o like_a deity_n who_o be_v angry_a complain_v and_o laugh_v as_o we_o do_v but_o likewise_o the_o horse_n xanthus_n that_o speak_v in_o the_o iliad_n the_o horse_n rhebus_n which_o mezentius_n speak_v to_o in_o the_o aeneid_n ethon_n who_o lament_v the_o death_n of_o pallas_n and_o even_o fame_n who_o know_v every_o thing_n and_o take_v such_o a_o pleasure_n in_o tell_v tale_n the_o wind_n that_o be_v so_o mutinous_a and_o seditious_a that_o they_o will_v have_v overturn_v the_o globe_n and_o dash_v heaven_n and_o earth_n together_o by_o this_o time_n if_o jove_n have_v not_o take_v care_n to_o set_v a_o king_n over_o they_o who_o shut_v they_o up_o close_o and_o when_o he_o let_v they_o out_o always_o keep_v a_o strict_a hand_n over_o they_o and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o first_o interpretation_n be_v what_o aristotle_n mean_v by_o these_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v manner_n which_o the_o poet_n introduce_v and_o make_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o fable_n the_o other_o way_n of_o interpret_n this_o passage_n of_o aristotle_n be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o the_o speech_n the_o personage_n be_v make_v to_o pronounce_v be_v the_o only_a mean_n of_o make_v a_o narration_n active_a and_o dramatic_a but_o that_o it_o be_v so_o when_o the_o manner_n be_v apparent_a whether_o by_o the_o person_n speak_v or_o only_o act_v therein_o or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n suppose_v you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v this_o precept_n a_o little_o large_a extent_n in_o this_o sense_n not_o only_o the_o speech_n of_o dido_n to_o the_o princess_n her_o sister_n to_o who_o she_o discover_v her_o passion_n for_o aeneas_n will_v be_v dramatical_a but_o this_o qualification_n will_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o verse_n that_o go_v before_o where_o one_o may_v observe_v the_o agitation_n and_o the_o disquietude_n of_o this_o queen_n who_o from_o the_o time_n she_o first_o fall_v in_o love_n have_v lose_v all_o her_o quiet_a and_o repose_v in_o this_o sense_n the_o learned_a discourse_n of_o anchises_n to_o his_o son_n in_o the_o six_o book_n may_v be_v likewise_o reckon_v among_o the_o dramatical_a passage_n first_o because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o poet_n that_o speak_v but_o one_o of_o his_o personage_n yet_o i_o declare_v it_o be_v my_o opinion_n that_o this_o single_a qualification_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v shall_v be_v dramatical_a if_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v not_o manner_n to_o be_v observe_v therein_o now_o there_o be_v manner_n in_o this_o speech_n of_o anchises_n that_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o morality_n the_o law_n and_o the_o religion_n which_o aeneas_n be_v go_v to_o establish_v in_o italy_n so_o that_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o this_o speech_n be_v a_o moral_a instruction_n wherein_o one_o may_v see_v the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n establish_v and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o manner_n both_o of_o the_o live_n and_o the_o dead_a but_o that_o which_o make_v most_o for_o our_o purpose_n be_v that_o this_o speech_n contain_v the_o manner_n habit_n and_o condition_n of_o anchises_n himself_o who_o speak_v it_o and_o of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o he_o the_o poet_n have_v use_v no_o small_a skill_n to_o engage_v he_o thereto_o each_o of_o we_o 6._o say_v he_o feel_v the_o torment_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o he_o then_o be_v we_o send_v to_o the_o elysian_a field_n where_o we_o a_o few_o in_o number_n spend_v our_o time_n etc._n etc._n but_o whatever_o aristotle_n sense_n be_v he_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o simple_a explication_n of_o art_n or_o science_n which_o be_v without_o manner_n and_o without_o action_n and_o which_o have_v nothing_o of_o morality_n in_o they_o if_o a_o man_n will_v speak_v like_o a_o poet_n he_o must_v imitate_v homer_n and_o conceal_v these_o thing_n under_o the_o name_n and_o action_n of_o some_o feign_a person_n he_o will_v not_o say_v that_o salt_n be_v good_a to_o preserve_v dead_a body_n from_o corruption_n and_o putrefaction_n and_o that_o fly_n will_v present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o maggot_n but_o he_o will_v say_v that_o achilles_n design_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n before_o he_o perform_v the_o last_o office_n to_o his_o dead_a body_n apprehend_v that_o the_o hotness_n of_o the_o season_n will_v corrupt_v it_o and_o that_o the_o fly_n that_o light_v upon_o his_o wound_n will_v engender_v maggot_n there_o he_o will_v not_o bare_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n offer_v he_o a_o remedy_n against_o the_o putrefaction_n he_o be_v afraid_a of_o but_o he_o will_v make_v the_o sea_n a_o divinity_n he_o will_v bring_v it_o in_o speak_v in_o a_o word_n he_o will_v say_v the_o goddess_n thetis_n comfort_v achilles_n and_o tell_v he_o he_o may_v set_v his_o heart_n at_o rest_n for_o she_o will_v go_v and_o perfume_v his_o body_n with_o ambrosia_n which_o shall_v preserve_v it_o
may_v be_v do_v in_o all_o the_o personage_n that_o be_v of_o no_o note_n in_o a_o poem_n such_o as_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o person_n just_a mention_v in_o battle_n and_o several_a other_o because_o if_o the_o poet_n on_o one_o side_n be_v oblige_v to_o relate_v no_o action_n nor_o incident_a without_o manner_n interest_n and_o passion_n that_o the_o narration_n may_v be_v active_a and_o pleasant_a and_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n may_v attend_v thereto_o so_o likewise_o ought_v he_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o more_o interest_v and_o passionate_a person_n than_o what_o he_o be_v precise_o oblige_v to_o without_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o they_o that_o so_o the_o memory_n may_v not_o be_v over-burdened_n nor_o the_o attention_n distract_v to_o no_o purpose_n so_o in_o the_o aeneid_n we_o see_v but_o little_a of_o the_o manner_n of_o mnestheus_n cloantes_n messapus_n vfenzus_n and_o of_o so_o many_o valiant_a commander_n and_o other_o person_n that_o have_v considerable_a post_n in_o the_o poem_n when_o we_o make_v the_o manner_n of_o a_o person_n appear_v but_o only_o once_o we_o may_v make_v they_o suitable_a to_o his_o dignity_n age_n and_o sex_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v make_v they_o like_v to_o what_o common_a fame_n have_v publish_v of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o equality_n of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o there_o can_v be_v a_o inequality_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n be_v of_o a_o even_a and_o uneven_a temper_n at_o the_o same_o time_n because_o this_o character_n which_o in_o most_o man_n resemble_v the_o sun_n who_o equality_n consist_v in_o appear_v always_o the_o same_o mutatur_fw-la in_o other_o be_v like_o the_o moon_n who_o equality_n consist_v in_o change_v her_o face_n four_o time_n a_o month_n sometime_o this_o inequality_n proceed_v from_o age_n as_o horace_n have_v observe_v in_o pernix_fw-la child_n and_o youth_n they_o owe_v this_o to_o the_o softness_n and_o the_o want_n of_o due_a consistency_n of_o their_o brain_n object_n be_v very_o easy_o impress_v upon_o they_o and_o these_o image_n be_v as_o easy_o wipe_v away_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o new_a object_n or_o mere_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o animal-spirit_n but_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o person_n that_o their_o brainpan_n be_v never_o close_v sufficient_o this_o be_v the_o misfortune_n of_o tigeltius_n augustus_n fiddler_n it_o will_v be_v ill_o suit_v one_o self_n to_o his_o humour_n and_o it_o will_v offend_v against_o what_o be_v likely_a only_o to_o represent_v he_o always_o in_o the_o same_o vein_n he_o be_v covetous_a and_o prodigal_a as_o proud_a as_o a_o king_n in_o his_o dress_n and_o clothe_v as_o mean_o as_o a_o cobbler_n so_o active_a and_o diligent_a as_o to_o spend_v whole_a night_n without_o a_o wink_n of_o sleep_n and_o so_o lazy_a as_o to_o lie_v abed_o till_o the_o afternoon_n for_o it_o last_o if_o we_o will_v take_v 3._o horace_n word_n fort_n there_o can_v nothing_o be_v add_v to_o the_o inequality_n of_o this_o man_n humour_n there_o be_v another_o inequality_n that_o be_v more_o common_a but_o come_v on_o more_o slow_o and_o that_o be_v the_o inequality_n of_o a_o man_n in_o the_o different_a age_n of_o his_o life_n aeris_fw-la in_o his_o youth_n he_o never_o think_v of_o heap_v up_o wealth_n but_o idle_o squander_v it_o away_o honori_fw-la in_o his_o ripe_a age_n he_o gather_v it_o in_o and_o lay_v it_o out_o as_o honourable_o poet._n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v old_a he_o seek_v for_o and_o heap_n up_o wealth_n with_o greediness_n and_o be_v so_o far_o afraid_a of_o lay_v it_o out_o that_o he_o have_v rather_o live_v miserable_o than_o spend_v a_o farthing_n upon_o the_o ordinary_a necessary_n of_o life_n this_o inequality_n be_v of_o little_a use_n in_o poem_n it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o a_o poet_n represent_v one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n at_o his_o fifteen_o and_o at_o he_o sixty_v year_n it_o be_v the_o other_o that_o be_v of_o more_o use_n in_o poem_n but_o when_o a_o poet_n introduce_v they_o he_o ought_v to_o give_v his_o hearer_n timely_a notice_n that_o this_o inequality_n be_v the_o express_a character_n that_o he_o give_v to_o his_o personage_n terence_n have_v something_o upon_o this_o subject_a in_o his_o brother_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o his_o demea_fw-la be_v a_o testy_a and_o rough_a old_a gentleman_n one_o that_o keep_v a_o strict_a hand_n over_o his_o family_n and_o thrifty_a to_o the_o high_a degree_n this_o be_v the_o constant_a course_n of_o his_o whole_a life_n and_o he_o carry_v on_o this_o cross-grained_n humour_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o play_n and_o then_o he_o think_v of_o be_v better_a humour_a more_o endear_n and_o oblige_v and_o be_v concern_v for_o nothing_o here_o be_v a_o strange_a inequality_n yet_o the_o poet_n make_v it_o very_o regular_a demea_fw-la himself_n give_v his_o audience_n notice_n of_o it_o never_o say_v he_o do_v man_n cast_v up_o the_o business_n of_o his_o life_n so_o exact_o but_o still_o experience_n year_n and_o custom_n will_v bring_v in_o some_o new_a particular_n that_o he_o be_v not_o aware_a of_o and_o show_v his_o ignorance_n of_o what_o he_o think_v he_o know_v and_o after_o trial_n make_v he_o reject_v his_o former_a opinion_n this_o be_v plain_o my_o case_n at_o present_a for_o since_o my_o glass_n be_v almost_o out_o i_o renounce_v this_o rigid_a life_n i_o have_v always_o lead_v but_o why_o so_o because_o experience_n show_v i_o there_o be_v nothing_o like_o gentleness_n and_o good_a nature_n and_o this_o truth_n appear_v plain_o to_o all_o that_o know_v i_o and_o my_o brother_n he_o always_o spend_v his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n always_o courteous_a complaisant_a speak_v ill_o of_o no_o man_n but_o carress_v all_o live_v as_o he_o please_v spend_v as_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o world_n bless_v he_o and_o love_v he_o too_o but_o i_o that_o rustic_a rigid_a morose_n pinch_a brutish_a gripe_a fellow_n must_v needs_o marry_o and_o how_o have_v i_o smart_v for_o it_o i_o have_v child_n too_o those_o be_v new_a trouble_n and_o true_o in_o build_v up_o their_o fortune_n i_o have_v wear_v out_o my_o life_n and_o the_o best_a of_o all_o my_o day_n and_o now_o i_o be_o just_a march_v off_o the_o stage_n the_o fruit_n of_o all_o my_o labour_n be_v to_o be_v hate_v like_o a_o toad_n but_o my_o brother_n enjoy_v all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o a_o father_n without_o the_o drudgery_n they_o love_v he_o and_o fly_v i_o like_o the_o plague_n he_o they_o trust_v with_o all_o their_o secret_n dote_v upon_o he_o live_v with_o he_o but_o i_o they_o slight_a they_o both_o pray_v for_o his_o life_n but_o long_o for_o my_o death_n those_o i_o have_v bring_v up_o with_o the_o great_a labour_n he_o have_v gain_v with_o a_o little_a cost_n so_o i_o take_v all_o the_o pain_n and_o he_o reap_v all_o the_o pleasure_n well_o well_o for_o once_o we_o will_v try_v what_o can_v be_v do_v whether_o we_o can_v speak_v oblige_o and_o act_v the_o gentleman_n too_o since_o my_o brother_n urge_v i_o to_o it_o i_o will_v willing_o have_v my_o child_n love_v and_o respect_v i_o too_o if_o gift_n and_o compliment_n will_v do_v the_o feat_n i_o will_v not_o be_v behind_o the_o best_a of_o they_o but_o my_o estate_n must_v go_v to_o wrack_n what_o care_v i_o for_o that_o since_o i_o have_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o grave_a already_o but_o i_o enlarge_v too_o far_o upon_o a_o thing_n so_o well_o know_v as_o this_o comedy_n terence_n carry_v on_o the_o reflection_n still_o far_o and_o end_v it_o not_o till_o he_o end_v his_o play_n and_o he_o be_v so_o cautious_a in_o it_o that_o he_o leave_v his_o audience_n nothing_o to_o guess_v at_o 3._o there_o be_v another_o inequality_n of_o the_o manner_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o change_n of_o a_o man_n fortune_n and_o which_o usual_o cause_v man_n to_o be_v of_o a_o low_a and_o deject_a spirit_n when_o they_o be_v in_o misery_n and_o distress_n and_o fierce_a and_o proud_a when_o they_o be_v in_o power_n and_o think_v they_o be_v master_n of_o their_o fortune_n a_o poet_n may_v range_v this_o suitableness_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o person_n who_o be_v of_o a_o ordinary_a virtue_n and_o who_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o be_v vain_a and_o proud_a than_o true_o generous_a and_o by_o this_o conduct_n the_o equality_n will_v not_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o he_o make_v a_o person_n generous_a than_o he_o shall_v alter_v less_o by_o the_o change_n of_o his_o fortune_n these_o personage_n shall_v be_v as_o bold_a in_o their_o worst_a as_o in_o their_o best_a circumstance_n or_o as_o modest_a after_o a_o victory_n as_o after_o the_o lose_n
no_o constraint_n upon_o the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v predominant_a throughout_o he_o give_v it_o a_o full_a and_o entire_a liberty_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o moderate_v the_o rest_n and_o clap_v a_o print_n upon_o they_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o either_o by_o some_o passion_n or_o by_o some_o dependence_n the_o person_n that_o have_v they_o be_v in_o to_o some_o body_n else_o aeneas_n be_v absolute_a master_n of_o his_o action_n he_o have_v none_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o nor_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o the_o latin_a poet_n he_o imitate_v therein_o the_o greek_a poet_n who_o ulysses_n be_v as_o independent_a as_o aeneas_n achilles_n have_v a_o general_n over_o he_o but_o this_o general_n be_v only_o as_o the_o chief_a among_o equal_a prince_n achilles_n then_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n and_o take_v he_o from_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n he_o have_v no_o order_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o beside_o expect_v no_o favour_n or_o good_a will_n from_o he_o and_o be_v choleric_a and_o unjust_a he_o have_v no_o obedience_n to_o pay_v he_o nor_o measure_n to_o take_v to_o please_v he_o and_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o withdraw_v his_o obedience_n from_o he_o nay_o when_o he_o be_v reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o enter_v again_o upon_o his_o duty_n yet_o he_o receive_v no_o order_n from_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a without_o consult_v with_o this_o general_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o confederate_a prince_n he_o on_o his_o own_o head_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o enemy_n in_o behalf_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a artifice_n in_o homer_n when_o he_o make_v achilles_n the_o most_o valiant_a of_o the_o confederate_n but_o withal_o unjust_a and_o without_o interest_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a make_v agamemnon_n the_o general_n very_o much_o interest_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o brother_n menelaus_n and_o his_o 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and_o from_o who_o he_o will_v obtain_v so_o much_o he_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v in_o many_o respect_n to_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o to_o take_v such_o measure_n as_o take_v off_o much_o of_o his_o fierceness_n and_o passion_n beside_o this_o he_o see_v the_o victory_n of_o his_o rival_n to_o who_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v the_o glory_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o latinus_n and_o amata_n herself_o he_o see_v the_o ill_a success_n of_o all_o his_o design_n the_o death_n of_o those_o he_o put_v most_o confidence_n in_o mezentius_n camilla_n etc._n etc._n he_o see_v the_o latin_n decrease_v and_o hear_v the_o reproach_n they_o cast_v upon_o he_o all_o this_o must_v needs_o cause_v strange_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o this_o latin_a achilles_n and_o hinder_v he_o from_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n so_o far_o as_o the_o grecian_a do_v his_o mezentius_n have_v a_o less_o part_n in_o the_o poem_n than_o turnus_n but_o he_o be_v too_o considerable_a to_o admit_v of_o his_o furious_a and_o cruel_a character_n in_o all_o its_o force_n the_o poet_n make_v this_o profane_a person_n much_o in_o love_n with_o his_o son_n as_o he_o be_v a_o despiser_n of_o the_o go_n he_o so_o lucky_o make_v use_v of_o this_o natural_a passion_n that_o it_o render_v his_o tenderness_n conspicuous_a and_o make_v the_o character_n of_o aeneas_n conqueror_n over_o the_o fury_n of_o this_o barbarian_a his_o design_n in_o renew_v the_o battle_n be_v only_o to_o rejoin_v his_o son_n 10._o the_o violence_n of_o his_o paternal_a love_n force_v he_o to_o beseech_v aeneas_n to_o favour_v he_o so_o far_o as_o to_o let_v he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o his_o son_n and_o he_o die_v full_a of_o the_o tender_a and_o sad_a idea_n he_o have_v of_o his_o dear_a lausus_n this_o same_o artifice_n do_v likewise_o change_v the_o violence_n of_o dido_n into_o a_o more_o moderate_a character_n by_o these_o two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v the_o inability_n wherein_o the_o queen_n be_v place_v 4._o what_o can_v i_o say_v she_o tear_v his_o body_n in_o piece_n and_o scatter_v his_o mangle_a limb_n in_o the_o sea_n o_o that_o i_o can_v but_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o his_o comrade_n butcher_n his_o dear_a ascanius_n and_o serve_v he_o up_o in_o a_o banquet_n to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o wild_a excess_n of_o a_o most_o violent_a and_o terrible_a fury_n but_o she_o be_v in_o such_o circumstance_n that_o the_o reader_n be_v not_o afraid_a any_o ill_a effect_n will_v follow_v he_o be_v not_o concern_v for_o aeneas_n and_o ascanius_n since_o they_o be_v no_o long_o within_o her_o reach_n and_o he_o only_o pity_v this_o poor_a princess_n from_o who_o mouth_n her_o misfortune_n have_v force_v this_o language_n ibid._n the_o other_o method_n be_v the_o love_n of_o this_o same_o queen_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o her_o rage_n and_o fury_n tame_v she_o and_o force_v she_o to_o melt_v into_o tear_n and_o to_o abandon_v herself_o to_o the_o tenderness_n of_o her_o passion_n another_o method_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o be_v to_o interrupt_v the_o fight_n by_o calm_a and_o tender_a episodes_n which_o make_v the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n still_o predominant_a thus_o the_o assault_n make_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o aeneas_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o turnus_n be_v moderate_v by_o the_o episode_n of_o remulus_n which_o be_v divert_v by_o that_o of_o the_o ship_n change_v into_o nymph_n which_o be_v admirable_a and_o by_o that_o of_o nisus_n and_o euryalus_n which_o be_v soft_a and_o move_a we_o may_v reduce_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n to_o these_o few_o head_n the_o first_o and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o give_v the_o hero_n a_o precise_a and_o sensible_a character_n which_o may_v appear_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o encounter_n second_o this_o hero_n must_v be_v independent_a and_o leave_v at_o full_a liberty_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n and_o humour_n in_o all_o the_o force_n and_o extent_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o three_o the_o poet_n may_v bestow_v this_o very_a character_n on_o the_o other_o personage_n that_o be_v most_o apparent_a and_o active_a whether_o they_o be_v on_o the_o hero_n side_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a party_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v divine_a person_n this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o homer_n in_o his_o iliad_n four_o when_o there_o be_v give_v to_o these_o other_o personage_n some_o character_n or_o other_o that_o be_v opposite_a to_o that_o of_o the_o hero_n it_o must_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o in_o all_o its_o force_n and_o as_o this_o moderation_n can_v proceed_v natural_o from_o person_n themselves_o it_o be_v produce_v either_o by_o some_o passion_n or_o by_o some_o dependence_n as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o dido_n mezentius_n and_o turnus_n the_o five_o way_n be_v to_o interrupt_v the_o particular_a action_n which_o of_o themselves_o require_v a_o opposite_a character_n by_o such_o episodes_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o general_a character_n thus_o the_o death_n of_o lausus_n cause_n pity_n and_o tenderness_n to_o bear_v sway_n amid_o the_o fury_n of_o war_n and_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n which_o the_o episode_n of_o nisus_n and_o euryalus_n have_v to_o these_o five_o way_n we_o may_v likewise_o join_v the_o thought_n figure_n and_o expression_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o last_o book_n of_o this_o treatise_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o character_n this_o be_v a_o point_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n as_o well_o as_o importance_n as_o well_o to_o those_o that_o compose_v as_o to_o those_o that_o read_v and_o criticise_v it_o depend_v not_o only_o on_o the_o art_n but_o likewise_o on_o the_o goodness_n and_o justness_n of_o the_o
clear_a intellect_n and_o exact_a judgement_n and_o more_o than_o that_o a_o curiosity_n and_o desire_n to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o which_o perhaps_o one_o do_v not_o judge_v important_a enough_o to_o deserve_v a_o long_a and_o serious_a study_n very_o often_o likewise_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o education_n produce_v these_o bad_a effect_n upon_o the_o mind_n and_o entertain_v they_o in_o this_o ignorance_n and_o in_o such_o judgement_n as_o be_v very_o disadvantageous_a to_o virtue_n if_o we_o see_v duel_n fight_v upon_o every_o slight_a offence_n we_o shall_v imagine_v that_o a_o man_n have_v no_o valour_n if_o he_o put_v up_o a_o affront_n without_o fight_v and_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o too_o many_o of_o his_o friend_n who_o will_v prompt_v he_o to_o this_o sort_n of_o revenge_n as_o criminal_a as_o it_o be_v this_o be_v what_o a_o person_n will_v never_o do_v who_o according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o amiciss_fw-la horace_n have_v learn_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o faithful_a friend_n and_o a_o good_a subject_n and_o a_o poet_n will_v never_o put_v this_o maxim_n into_o the_o practice_n or_o mouth_n of_o a_o personage_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o represent_v as_o a_o man_n of_o honour_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o be_v say_v about_o the_o distinction_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o lustre_n and_o the_o solidity_n of_o valour_n we_o will_v make_v this_o one_o remark_n that_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o important_a it_o be_v this_o that_o these_o two_o thing_n be_v oft_o time_n opposite_a in_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o character_n violent_a and_o transport_v character_n give_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o lustre_n to_o the_o action_n they_o animate_v and_o to_o the_o person_n that_o have_v they_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o most_o mild_a and_o moderate_a be_v often_o without_o any_o lustre_n and_o glory_n yet_o these_o last_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o proper_a to_o virtue_n perhaps_o i_o insist_v too_o 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that_o shall_v be_v conspicuous_a in_o aeneas_n his_o valour_n shall_v appear_v much_o less_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n valour_n shall_v be_v very_o illustrious_a and_o very_a shine_a in_o the_o person_n of_o turnus_n so_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v as_o much_o in_o love_n with_o war_n as_o aeneas_n be_v in_o love_n with_o and_o desirous_a of_o peace_n whatever_o turnus_n do_v in_o the_o battle_n or_o in_o prepare_v for_o they_o be_v usual_o do_v with_o design_n with_o pleasure_n and_o with_o discourse_n that_o be_v magnificent_a very_o pompous_a and_o cogent_n aeneas_n common_o act_v without_o noise_n and_o affectation_n he_o speak_v little_a and_o if_o he_o fall_v into_o a_o passion_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o fight_v as_o because_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fight_v and_o defend_v himself_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o conquer_v as_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war._n but_o if_o the_o lustre_n and_o the_o dazzle_a show_n make_v the_o valour_n of_o turnus_n more_o 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his_o over_o serious_a wisdom_n or_o to_o which_o his_o own_o imagination_n judicious_o warm_v and_o transform_v into_o that_o of_o the_o person_n who_o act_n and_o speak_v incline_v he_o thus_o the_o sage_a and_o sententious_a seneca_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v take_v the_o general_a proposition_n what_o signify_v he_o will_v have_v say_v he_o fear_v nothing_o that_o be_v resolve_v to_o die_v virgil_n have_v follow_v his_o ordinary_a flame_n and_o style_n and_o say_v fuisset_fw-la quem_fw-la metus_fw-la moritura_fw-la seneca_n very_o frequent_o in_o his_o tragedy_n where_o the_o moral_a shall_v be_v less_o apparent_a than_o in_o the_o epopea_n uttere_n his_o thought_n moral_o and_o sententious_o and_o virgil_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o epic_a poem_n and_o in_o place_n that_o be_v design_v for_o morality_n conceal_v his_o sentence_n under_o figure_n and_o particular_a application_n this_o tragedian_n in_o his_o design_n of_o join_v what_o be_v profitable_a to_o what_o be_v 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