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A12767 The art of logick deliuered in the precepts of Aristotle and Ramus. VVherein 1. The agreement of both authors is declared. 2. The defects in Ramus, are supplyed, and his superfluities pared off, by the precepts of Aristotle. 3. The precepts of both, are expounded and applyed to vse, by the assistance of the best schoolemen. By Tho: Spencer. Spencer, Thomas, fl. 1628-1629. 1628 (1628) STC 23072; ESTC S117789 95,773 326

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the second Christ and the Iewes are one in silence By this we may know how to finde out these comparisons Now I will shew how we should vse them for hitherto we finde them comparisons but no arguments because thus farre they are wholy destitute of relation to any subiect in this quantitie the one sets out the other and no more but every argument leads vs to know some subiect which we knew not I will shew their vse by one of the examples and I thinke that will suffice on this maner The Whore of Babylon hath sorrowes In this sentence the word sorrow doth leade vs to vnderstand what the Whore of Babylon is viz in her estate or condition Now because some man doth not know the quantitie of this sorrow but doth know the quantitie of her delight therefore her sorrow is layd to her delight and thereby hee comes to know what is the quantitie of her sorrow in as much as shee is one in the quantitie of both By this I hope the Reader will finde the way how to make vse of all comparatiue arguments so as I shall not neede to doe the like in any of the rest which follow CHAP. XXIII Of Vnequales Vnequall things are those which haue not the same quantitie Ramus TO the same effect speaks Thomas 1. p. q. 42. art 1. in cor Vnequals sayth he cannot be one in numericall quantitie and thus much Aristotle and Okam speake because they make those things equall which be one in quantitie This definition hath nothing in it to be expounded for that is done alreadie in the definition of quantitie Cap. 22. The greater is that Ramus the quantitie whereof doth exceede The termes of this definition may be vnderstood by that which is past in the last Chapter The proper markes of this Comparison are such as these Not onely but also Rather this then that More then Much more Examples of these Comparisons are these which follow I am readie not to be bound onely but also to dye for the name of the Lord Iesus Act 21.13 I had rather be a dore-keeper in Gods house then dwell in the tents of wickednes Psal 84.10 The Lord loueth the gates of Sion more then all the dwellings of Iacob Psal 82.2 If when wee were enemies wee were reconciled to God by the death of his sonne much more being reconciled we shall be saved by his life Rom. 5.6.7 In these examples we haue these Comparisons To be bound and to dye doe differ in the quantitie of bitternes this is esteemed to exceed that To keepe a dore and to dwell in the tents c. are layd together and this preferred before that in mans judgement as exceeding in the quantitie of excellency The gates of Sion are compared with the other dwellings of Israell in the quantitie of glory and louelines and these preferred before that The reconciling of an enemy and the saving of a friend are compared in the quantitie of difficultie and that is judged to excell this In these Comparisons the greater is brought to set out the lesser to the end that the lesse may set out and declare the subiect or thing argued and the holy Ghost himselfe hath shewed vs how to doe it for in the last of the examples he doth reason thus If Christs death reconciled an enemie then his life will saue the reconciled The reason of this consequence is this viz. In the judgement of man the first is more difficult then the second It is a hard thing to reconcile an enemie for then the whole worke is to doe But not so hard to saue a friend for such a one is next dore to salvation In the same sort David argues If I loue to dwell in Gods house rather then in mans tents then my affection is exceeding fervent thereto for mans tents in the judgement of man exceed Gods house for outward pleasure and profit and after this sort we may argue from the rest CHAP. XXIIII Of the Lesse The lesse Ramus is that the quantitie whereof is exceeded I Shall not need to explicate and avow this definition for that is done enough alreadie in the two former Chapters therefore I proceed to set downe examples of it A stone is heavie and the sand waightie but a fooles wrath more heavie then them both Pro. 27.3 I laboured more abundantly then they all 1 Cor. 15.10 It is easier for a Camell to goe through the eye of a needle then for a rich man to enter into the kingdome of God Luk. 18.25 The Oxe knoweth his owner and the Asse his Maisters crib But I sraell doth not know c. Isa 1.3 In these Instances the Comparison we seeke for is very apparent A stone and a fooles wrath is Compared in the quantitie of waight and that is sayd to be lesse then this Paul and others are layd together in the quantitie of labour and he exceeds them The passing of a Camell through a needles eye and a rich mans going to heaven are compared together in the quantitie of difficultie and that is inferior to this The Oxe and Israell are set together in the quantitie of ignorance and these are more blamed then they These Comparisons doe argue the greater by the lesse and they must be framed thus A fooles wrath abounds in waight for the stones and sand are not so heavie as it If Israell be ignorant of me then their ignorance is excessiue for the Oxe in his kinde is not so ignorant because he knowes who owes him and feedes him so doe not they And thus much for Comparison in quantitie CHAP. XXV Of Likenesse Now followeth Comparison in qualitie Ramus whereby things are sayd to be such or such I Call a qualitie sayth Aristotle Categor Cap. 8. that of which things are sayd to be of this or that manner and a qualitie must be reckoned amongst them which are sayd to be manifold or of many sorts Ramus Those things are like which haue the same qualitie Those are like sayth Aristotle meta lib. 5. cap. 15. text 20. whose qualitie is one One in qualitie makes things to be like so sayth Okam 1. dist 19. q. 1. lit B. opinio 1. I will end with Gillius A likenes sayth he is an agreement in qualitie lib. 2. tract 5. cap. 1. no. 1. From hence wee may conclude that in the judgement of Aristotle those things be equall which are one in quantitie because he makes them to be like which be one in qualitie and consequently he placeth comparison in qualitie in the same thing that Okam doth whose judgement is alledged Chap. 22. Aristotle doth explicate the nature of these Comparisons Top. lib. 1. cap. 17. Similitudes sayth he must be considered either in things which are of divers kindes Or in those which are of the same kinde The first is after this manner as one thing is to one so another is to another as for example as knowledge is to the thing knowne so