during these English Civill Wars I must of necessity compile a whole Volume thereof since nothing worth the taking notice of ever hapned in which he was not a Sharer and wherein he was not alwaies one of the foremost wherfore I shall only insist upon two chief Actions which were of so great Importance that the decision of the whole War depended thereon and wherin the Valour of his late Highness may justly claim the greatest if not the sole share Two of the Parliaments Armies the one commanded by the Lord Fairfax and the other by the Lord Manchester being united to the Scotch Army their Confederates Commanded by the Earl of Livin had joyntly besieged the City of York the Metropolis of that County and whereof the Earl of Newcastle was Governour for the King who over and above his Garison which was very strong had also a brave and gallant Army Prince Rupert was sent by the King to raise that Siege with such considerable Forces as being joyned to those of the Earl of Newcastle did well nigh equallize the Parliaments in number The three Parliament Generals did immediatly raise the Siege to encounter Prince Rupert and the Earl of Newcastle drew forth also his Forces out of the Town and both Armies being drawn up in Battell-Array upon Marston Moore they both fought with a great deal of Fury Animosity and hopes of Victory which at first seemed to incline to the Kings Part the right Wing of the Parliaments Forces Commanded by the Lord Fairfax having the disadvantage of the Ground was over-whelmed by the left Wing of the Kings Party who routed and defeated it But his late Highness who as then was stiled but a Colonel whose after Appellations I shall observe by degrees which Fortune advanced him to who commanded the left Wing and had not the least advantage of the Ground did so violently set upon the right Wing of the Kings Party as that he brake in peeces Prince Ruperts best Regiments and forced them not only to give way but to turn their Backs and suffering only some part of his Men to pursue the Enemy he with the rest made half a turn about and charged the Enemies main Battell in the Rear so vigorously as that putting Life again into the Lord Fairfax's Souldiers he constrained them to face about and thereby so well restored the Success of the Battell as that he obtained and Entire and compleat Victory Two Generals of the Enemies and some of the best mounted of their Officers only making their escapes by their Horses good heels and this Battell was accounted the greatest that ever was fought during these last Wars The same thing likewise hapned in the famous Battell of Naseby neer unto Northampton when as his late Highness ariving in the Camp but on the Evening before the Fight gave such encouragement and joy to the whole Army by reason of his so suddain and unexpected Arivall from so great a distance of place as that it presaged an undoubted Victory The left Wing of the Parliaments Army was quite over borne General Ireton his late Highness Son-in-Law and who afterward governed Ireland in the Quality of Lord Deputy with as much Prudence and Conduct as he shewd Valour and Deserts to merit so considerable an Imployment being the second Person of the Common-wealth was carried off from the Field by two Wounds he received and was taken Prisoner but was relieved again and Prince Rupert pursued his Victory with as much vigour and hopes to gain the Battell as if the day had been his own But his late Highness on his side defeating that Wing which was oposite to him charged them with such force and Courage as that he made the Victory dubious and so it continued for a good while neither inclining to the one side not the other till at last the Kings Horse falling a running left their Foot to shift for themselves which were all cut in pieces and taken Prisoners all the Canon Baggage was likewise taken of a considerable value there was also found a Cabinet of the Kings with his Papers of great Importance The royall Standard and one hundred Colours beside were brought off and his late Highness having pursed the Kings Horse as long as he listed at length returned to the Camp with a great number of Prisoners Should I go about to number up the severall places of consequence which this Conquerour hath taken either by force or by Capitulations I should fill up a whole Volume with the Names of Towns and Fortresses alone besides intending hereby only to give you a Perspective of his glorious Life I will only instance in those worthy Actions of his whereby the Fortunes of the Wars did decide the possession of three Kingdomes Nor may we omit to reckon amongst the rest of his Heroick Atchievements the Victory which he obtained by Preston in Lancashire over Duke Hamilton and Sir Marmaduke Langdale whose united Forces amounted unto 25000 his late Higness having not above 10000 at most notwithstanding which inequallity of Forces he gave them Battell and entirely routed that puissant Army killing 3000 Scotch upon the place and taking 9000 Prisoners chasing the remaining Forces to Warrington about 20 Miles from the place where the Battell was fought and taking Duke Hamilton Prisoner at a place called Vttoxeter whither he was retired with 3000 Horse as also Sir Marmaduke Langdale the one by my Lord Grey and Colonel White and the other by Captain Widmonpoole so that but few Scotch returned to their own Country to cary back the News of so prodigious a Defeat NO sooner were the Civill Wars of England terminated by the discomsiture of all the Kings Armies the taking of his own Person and by his death but the Parliament by a solemn Vote and Ordinance changed the Monarchiall Government into a Common-wealth The Kingdome of Ireland was the first that witnessed a discontent of this Change and all the severall Parties there uniting themselves on the News of this Change they owned the late Kings Son and joyned all their Forces against the Interest of the Common-wealth and on a suddain became so powerfull and formidable as that the chief Places in those Parts submitted to their obedience Dublin only and London Derry excepted the first whereof was immediatly besieged by an Army of 22000 Men Commanded by the Marquis of Ormond and the other by a considerable Party the Natives of the Country The Royallists were as yet in possession of the Isles of Jersey and Man which places although they were adjacent unto England yet they only stood them in stead for a retreat to some Ships which robbed up and down the Seas in those Parts Nor were the Irish Businesses there arrived at the height of perfection whereas they began to decline for 3000 Horse and Foot which the Parliament sent into Ireland as the forerunner only of a more considerable Body being safely landed at Dublin joyned themselves unto the
but rather follow the Run-awayes and so contented themselves to take the most considerable persons They chased the Scots as farre as Aire Town Colonel Carre himself was wounded and taken Prisoner together with his Captain-Leivtenant as well as his Lievtenant-Colonel and Major Straughon as for Captain Giffin and several other chief Officers of their party they came and voluntarily surrendred themselves up to Major Generall Lambert who brought them all with him to the Head quarters at Edinborough During all which the approaches against Edinborough Castle were continued but to speak the truth with little or no effect till the Moneth of December when as all the Troops which were dispersed up and down the Countrey were assembled and brought together by reason of the ill weather and sharp season which would not permit them any longer to keep the field and then they fell to work in earnest towards the reducing of the said Castle which is the strongest and most considerable of all that Countrey against which a Plat-form was raised to place the Morter-pieces and the great Guns on but those within relyed so much on the strength and goodnesse of the place that they hung out a Flagge of defiance but not long after they were glad to take it in again whereby it was conceived that the Morter-shells had done some execution and that thereby they were constrained to change their tune so that in lieu of their former Flagge they were glad to hang out a white one betokening Peace and likewise they sent out a Drummer to propound That they were resolved to yield if so be they might be permitted to send to the Deputy of the States which being refused them they desired to parley and so delivered up the place Moreover one of the most remarkable and essential parts of his Highnesse life was his ability in making choice of capable personages fit to serve the State as well by their Councels as for the managing of the wars and indeed herein the Parliament alwayes preferred his opinion and sence beyond all others having found by experience that his advice and counsells were accompanyed with a good fortune as his valour constrayned her to Crown his actions And on the other part Generall Blake who commanded the Common-wealths Fleet at Sea was no lesse successefull by Sea then his late Highnesse was by Land whose Naval Forces being anchored before Lisbone having taken several French and Portugal men of war which much endamaged the English Merchant-men especially those which traded to the Levant was obliged by ill weather and for want of provisions to quit that Coast and to leave the Port of Lisbone free During which Prince Rupert making use of this opportunity set sail towards Mallaga where he took burnt and pillaged severall English Merchant-men which obliged Admiral Blake to reduce his Fleet to seven of his best sailing Frigats and sending the rest into England with the Prizes which he had taken he pursued the Enemies with all possible speed diligence and being arrived at Mallaga he understood that they had made sail towards Alicant and in his search of them betwixt the Cape of Gat and Paulo he took a French Ship which carryed twenty Guns and presently afterwards the Roe-buck of Prince Ruperts Fleet after which he encountred with another called the Black Prince which rather then she would suffer her self to be taken ran on shore and fired her powder Some few dayes after four Vessels more of Prince Ruperts Fleet ran on shoare in the Bay of Carthagena where they were lost and deserted by their Ships Companies Insomuch that of all that Fleet there was but two left which steered their course toward Majorca and Sumaterra Generall Blake having thus missed them would no longer continue the pursuit lest the Common-wealth might need him on more urgent and important occasions so that he set over for England to receive the Laurels due to his good service having done as much as could be expected from a person of Honour and Courage alwayes faithfull and true to the Common-wealth He was received by the Parliament with all the prayse and thanks he could expect for his good service but especially by the Merchants who treated him highly and immediately revived the Trade again which had for so long time as it were layn dead by the interruptions of so many Enemies Notwithstanding which good successes the Royallists were not backwark to be stirring in England being incited thereunto by the Ministers of the old Church of England one of their Agents Benson being discovered was put to death So likewise in the County of Norfolk certain people made a rising and under the notion of abolishing Papisme Schismes and Heresies and of re-establishing the King they gathered to a head but the Parliament not giveing them time to get into a body they were routed and defeated and a score of them were put to death Much about which time there happened a contest at Constantinople betwixt two English Ambassadors the one a Royallist the other a Common-wealths-man and to know which was the true Ambassador they referred their businesse to the who delivered the Royallist into the others power to dispose of him as he pleased and in reference thereto he was imbarqued at Smyrna for London where he was beheaded before the Exchange But to return to Scotland where the cold Northern Climate seems to have buryed all the Martial heat although not the Scotch Ministers zeal who had excommunicated Straughon and Swinton for adhering to the English who performed in those parts as much as the rigour of the season would permit men to doe and the Scots on the other side laboured to unite and settle each others mindes and differences give order for new Levies and Crowned their King with the greatest magnificence as the indigency and necessity of their affairs would permit The Scots who were better accustomed to the rigour and violence of their Winters then the English thinking to have some advantage over them would not let slip so favourable a season without their making some good use thereof wherefore Lievtenant General David Lesly with a party of 800 Horse endeavoured to surprize Lithgoe maintained but by one Regiment of Horse under the Command of Colonel Sanderson but finding the English upon their guards were forced to return without any attempt at all And the English on the other side to let them see that the harsh season had not quite benummed them took the field with two Regiments one of Horse the other of Foot commanded by Colonel Fenwick and marched towards the taking of Hume Castle which was very strong by reason of its situation I have here inserted two Letters which passed between the Besiegers and the Besieged by reason that the one denotes an absolute power in the Countrey and the other bears an extraordinary style TO THE GOVERNOUR Of the CASTLE of HUME SIR HIs Excellency the Lord General Cromwell Hath commanded me to reduce to his Obedience the
The Most excellent Oliver Cromwell Lord Gen ll of Greate Brittay Chancellor of the Vniversity of Oxford L d Cheife Gover r of Ireland ☜ Claude lib de laud Stil Similem Quae protulit Aelus Consilio vel Marle VIRUM THE HISTORY OF THE Life and Death Of His most Serene Highness O LIVER Late Lord Protector Wherein from his Cradle to his Tomb are impartially transmitted to Posterity the most weighty Transactions Forreign or Domestique that have happened in his Time either in Matters of Law Proceedings in Parliaments or other Affairs in Church or State By S. Carrington Pax quaeritur Bello London Printed for Nath. Brook at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill 1659. FUIMUS The Right honble Charles Viscount Bruce of Ampthill â—en â— Heir Apparent of Thomas Earl of â—â—â—â—bury Baron Bruce of Whorleton To His most SERENE HIGHNESS RICHARD Lord PROTECTOR OF THE Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging May it please Your Highness AS nothing can be presented to the Potentates of the World of greater value then the Labours of Famous Historiographers who describe to the life the Examples of such Eminent Personages as were transcendent in preceding Ages and may in their Successours beget both Emulation and Experience so shall I not need to apprehend that this History which in all humility I present unto Your Highness will prove unacceptable since therein You may encounter with such a Model of all kinde of Vertues and Perfections as I hope may take a deeper impression in Your Highnesses Breast in regard that it will be found that Art herein is seconded by Nature And whereas I am under the lash of a severe Castigation for my presumption in profering this History to Your Review as I acknowledge when I seriously consider how You have attracted to Your Self that lively Pourtraiture of his Great Soul that You appear the true Embleme both of his Vertues and Majesty May it please Your most Serene Highness I cannot chuse but address this present Oblation as to Your Self so in other Languages to the rest of the Princes and Potentates of the Earth I bequeath it unto posterity very humbly craving the favourable Protection of Your Highnesses Patronage Nor durst I publish so glorious a Work to the World before I had craved Your Highnesses pardon for my Rashness in adventuring to trace those Vigorous Lineaments in the Alexander whom Your Highness so well resembleth and in whom your Highness beareth so great a part Moreover as a sole Apelles could onely be capable of so great an Enterprize so it will be altogether unnecessary for me to endeavour the Description of that Pourtraiture which so evidently is manifested to all the World both in Your Highnesses Person and Actions Wherefore my Lord I must needs confess that Your Highness is the true Original and mine onely relating to the Out-side of so Great and unalterable an Albionist The truth is I finde not in my self ability to express the Real Worth of His Accomplishments and Hardy Features accompanied with that Vivacity and Lustre which secret Mystery lyeth onely in the Hand of that great Master of Nature and Extant in that very Personage whose Simile is hardly this Day to be found in the whole Vniverse except in Your Inimitable Self Nor doth Art or Humane frailty allow so much to be in the Possession of the best men Therefore those who go about to Pourtraict such like Incomparable Personages cannot avoid one of those extremities which Painters run into when they go about to represent the Sun who either place themselves at so great a distance as that they can onely discover an ineffications and feeble Reflections of its Beams or approach so neer unto it as that being dazled with its Resplendency and overcome with its Heat they are bereaved of their Senses and retain onely their Hearts at liberty to adore and admire that powerful Hand which formed so glorious a Creature To the like Non plus am I reduced who rashly ascend to the very summit of the Throne of Honour thence to contemplate his late Highness Person surrounded by so glorious a Resplendency as no eyes are able to behold nor to be comprehended by the mindes of men so that I must needs sink under the burthen and content my self with the Poets Expression Inopem me copia fecit In which extasie all my Senses being surprized my Heart is onely left free to admire and my Tongue to plead Excuses and offer up good Wishes which I most humbly Dedicate and Devote unto Your most Serene Highness Nor could the Heavens have ever established a more fitting Personage to bear a share in or inclination unto this Work then Your Highness as well as to defend it from Envy it self And if so be History be a second Life Your Highness may judge by the black Attempts which threatned Your Glorious Father how this Work will be assailed and how many Enemies its Authour must resolve to enter into the Lists withall their Rage being thereby renewed and augmented by their perceiving that the Tomb hath onely bereaved us of the least part of this Great Heroe And how malicious soever their Envy may appear in such Stories which possibly may be written in Contradiction hereof it will onely publish from Truth it self to the World their inveterate Spleen which can never pierce through the bright Rayes of his Innocent and Glorious Actions Moreover whereas the Divine Providence hath so often and miraculously preserved the first life of his late Highness against the Attempts both of men and monsters Your most Serene Highness is also engaged as well by Imitation as by the Interest of Your Care and Royal Dignity to watch over the Preservation of his second Life which is in Your Highness by so Lawful a Succession as is devolved upon Your Self The Glorious Course whereof I resolve to trace from this very moment that I may the better publish the Illustrious Transactions thereof in five other Languages which during my Travels I have acquired In which also I intend to publish this present History the French being already perfected and fit for the Press His great Soul expecting proportionable Honours to its Dignity and his vaste Minde requiring number less Elegies which may remain as so many living Monuments not to be defaced by Times Violence nor Envy But I press this Subject too home to Your Highness since You bear so great a share therein and my self dare attribute so little of it to my own incapacity of compassing so great an undertaking Wherefore I shall onely hereby endeavour to attract others and to shew them the Borders and Coast of that vaste Sea into which they ought to lanch so that like to a Forelorn Hope I shall onely first mount the Breach and by diverse Languages animate all the Trumpets of Fame to Celebrate the Glory of his late Highness in those parts of the World where I have conversed for
after they had promised quarter to the English they killed three of them and hurt all the rest There was no English Soldiers but had a Prisoner in this Battel there being taken ten thousand most of all which except the Officers were suffered to steal away amidst which there was ten Colonels twelve Lievetenant Colonels nine Majors forty seven Captains seventy two Livetenants and eighty Ensigns and amongst the Prisoners of Quality there was the Lord Libberton and his Son the Lord Cranstone Sir James Lundsdale Livetenant Generall of the Foot and Sir Pickerten Adjutant General all their Baggage and Canon was taken to the number of two and twenty great Guns and severall lesser ones two hundred Colours and Armes for 15000 Men of the English there was but one Officer killed and Major Rooksby who afterwards died of his Wounds as also Captain Sloyd of the Lord Fleetwoods Regiment dangerously wounded His late Highness obtained this memorable Victory on the third day of September 1650 on which day he also obtained another no less famous then this And on this very day God crowned his Labours with a peacefull and resolved quiet death whereby he no less triumphed over the World and the rage of Hell then he did in this last Battel we have related over a most puissant raging Enemy at which time his Army as a man may say brought low by Want and Sicknesses was even Bedrid and at deaths very Door And as the Parliament of England had caused a day of universall Prayers and Fastings to be kept for the good success of their Army in Scotland so likewise did they order a day of generall Thansgiving for this so notable and famous Victory and the General likewise on his part did not faile with the whole Army to acknowledge the good handy work of God who had so visibly gained him and them this Battel And the better to prosecute the said Victory and to reap the fruits thereof On the seventh day of September four Regiments of Foot were sent to possess Lieth a very considerable and advantageous place where seven and thirty piece of Ordnance were found mounted on Plat-forms and a considerable quantity both of Ammunitions of War and Provisions of Victuals And on the same day his late Highness became Master of the City of Edinbrough the Metropolitan of all Scotland and caused his whole Army to march into it without any loss save the Arme of one Soldier which was shot off by a Canon-bullet from the Castle And on the next Lords-day he sent a Trumpeter to the Castle to give notice to such Ministers as had abandoned their Pulpits to come and perform their Duties in their said Callings which they having refused to do he caused English Ministers to Officiate in their places in the mean while all possible diligence was used in the Fortifying of Lieth it being concluded to be the best and most commodious sheltring-place the English could have in Scotland for the Winter Season And after his late Highness had by sound of Trumpet both at Lieth and Edinbrough caused the freedome of Traffick and liberty of Trade to be published and established a sure way for the publick Markets himself on the fourteenth marched toward Nethrife six miles from Edinbrough leaving Major General Overton with his Brigade in Edinborough On the fifteenth the Army adadvanced toward Linlithgo but by reason of the ill Weather they could not pass on forward On the sixteenth they marched toward Falkirk and the next day they came up within one mile of Sterling On the eighteenth the Councel of War being assembled a Letter was drawn up to be sent thither by which the tenderness and affection of the English towards the Scotch Nation was represented alledging that though formerly it had not taken its desired effects Notwithstanding seeing that at present the Fortune and Success of Armes had been so contrary to them they desired them to reflect on those Proposals which had been formerly made unto them and to surrender that place unto them for the use of the Common-wealth of England and a Trumpeter being sent with the aforesaid Letter who coming up almost to the VValls met with a Gentleman on foot with a Pike in his hand who told him he should not be suffered to come into the place and that his Letter should in like manner not be received In the Afternoon that very day those of the Town sent a Trumpeter to demand the Prisoners with a proffer to pay their Ransoms To whom the General made answer That they were not come into Scotland to trade in Men nor to enrich themselves but to do Service to the Common-wealth of England and to settle and establish those Dominions On the same day Orders were issued to draw up the whole Army to the very VValls of the Town and by setting scaling Ladders to the place to give a generall Assault but after it was found that there was but a little appearance to effect the same in regard of the good Condition the Place and Garison was in they changed their resolution and on the nineteenth the Army retired to Linlithgow which was accounted a very fit place to make a Garison of whereby both Sterling and Edinborough might be bridled and curbed and the necessary Orders for the fortifying of the place being given there were five Troops of Horse left in Garison and six Companies of Foot and the Body of the Army returned to Edinborough where on the twenty third of September there was a day of Humiliation celebrated and solemnly kept And much about the same time the Churches of Scotland likewise ordered a solemn Festivall for the ensuing Reasons Viz. I. To humble themselves before God and to crave his pardon for having too much relyed on the Arme of Flesh II. For the wickedness and profaneness of their Armies III. For the Spoils and other Misdemeanours their Soldiers had committed in England IV. For having not sufficiently purged their Armies that is to say For not having put out such persons as were not godly and of their Belief V. For the indirect and sinister Means which their Commissioners made use of in their Treaty with their King and the indirect waies by which they had brought him into Scotland VI. For their not having sufficiently purged the Kings Family VII For the just Grounds they had to believe that his Majesties repentance was not reall nor from his heart The rest of the Month was imployed in the making of the Siege and Approaches against the Castle of Edinborough and in applying the Mines to the VValls And on the thirtieth the English with so much gallantry surprized one of their Bulwarks as they carried thence three hundred Muskets one Ensign and severall other Armes without the loss of one Man On the first of October the Besieged began to make their Salleys to hinder the working of the Miners upon whom they fired incessantly with their great and small Shot yet however they
Castle which you keep In case you deliver it into my Hands for his Service it shall be on such Articles which may please you and those which are with you by which means you will not a little ease the Neighbouring Countries about you In case you give me a refusall I doubt not but by Gods assistance to obtain that which at present I demand of you I expect your Answer to Morrow by seven in the Morning and remain your Servant FENVVICK THE ANSVVER To the GOVERNOUR of BARWICK Colonel FENWICK Right Hourable I Have seen a Trumpet of yours as he saith without a Pass who doth summon me to surrender the Castle of Hume to the Lord General Cromwell That it may not displease you I never did see nor know your General as for the Castle of Hume it is seated on a Rock Given in the Castle of Hume this day before seven of the Clock In these terms I do remain without prejudice to my Country your most humble Servant Tho. Cockburne BUt the Morter-pieces had no sooner made a slight breach when as they demanded to parley and because they would not receive such Conditions as were preferred unto them they were forced to be contented with such Conditions as they could obtain and thus they surrendred at discretion After which Colonel Monke with about three Regiments of Horse and Foot laid siege to Tymptallon Castle which for the space of eight and forty hours together he battered with Morter-pieces without any effect whereby he was enforced to raise a Battery of six Guns which did marvellous execution whereupon the besieged desired to parley but no composition would be given them so that at last they were constrained to yield to the mercy of the Conquerour and to deliver into his hand all the Armes Cannon Ammunitions of War and Provisions The keeping of which Place by the Scots was a shrewd Thorn in the sides of the English who were by the parties from the said Castle scituate between Edinborough and Barwick daily taken and dispoiled when as they stragled never so little out of their way which enforced his late Highness to cause this ensuing Declaration to be published and to have executed with the utmost rigour Viz. A DECLARATION By GENERAL CROMWEL FInding that severall who bear Armes under our Colours are stript robbed and most barbarously and inhumanely murthered by Thieves and Vagabonds who are not under discipline of any Army And moreover that the Inhabitants of these Parts instead of answering our goodness do joyne with such people and support them And considering that it is in the power of the said Inhabitants to discover and produce them since they do for the most part dwell round about those places where usually the said Villanies are committed Observing moreover that by the Intelligence which is given by the Peasants the said Robbers come forth of their lurking places Therefore I do declare That in whatsoever place it shal happen that any of our Men shall be robbed and dispoiled or killed by such like persons I shall require life for life and an entire restitution for those things which shall be so stoln upon the Villages and other places where the Fact shall have been committed unless they discover and produce the Malefactor And hereof I will that all men take knowledge that none may pretend cause of Ignorance herein Given under my Hand and Seal at Edinborough 5. Novemb 1656. Signed O. Cromwell BY vertue of this Proclamation severall sums of money were raised on those Parishes and places where the like Robberies and Murthers were committed and those who were found either to be the Authors of or Complices therein in any manner whatsoever were either put to death or put to a pecuniary Mulct Shortly after there was a design upon Brunt Island but at that time it took not any effect whereas General Cromwell drew all his Forces out of Edinborough to have maintained them all the rest of the VVinter in Fyfe which is the best part of all Scotland but the rigour of the Season and the difficulty of the passage constrained him to face about again to his old Quarters which were very good by reason of the Shipping which continually arived at Leith with all kind of Provisions for the Soldiery Horse and Foot which said Refreshments came in very good time to the Army which being not accustomed to the extream rigour of the VVeather in those Parts was incommodated by severall Diseases and amongst the rest by a certain contagious Feaver which is peculiar to that Country and the which had also seised the General himself who spared his person no more then the least Soldier His late Highness was so cast down by this kind of Contagion as that it was believed he would scarce have escaped death and it may be said that his sickness was the greatest of the whole Armies for the private Soldiers they lost no Courage but did gladly and joyfully withstand and out-brave those difficulties which stopped Julius Caesar in his enterprize in those parts and who chose rather to be at the charge of a prodigious VVall which fenced him from the Scotch Incursions then to engage his Army in that mountainous Country hoary with Snow and Ice and the Conquest whereof was by the English undertaken in the very heart of the VVinter And whilst the fierceness of the VVinter is passing over we will leave both parties in Scotland being seperated by a River which was impossible to be passed over in that Season and will make a small digression into England to see what in the mean while passed there At Oxford one of the most famous Universities of England A certain Maiden who bym if chance at four Months end cast her Fruit was accused to have done it wilfully and of set purpose to have used some art therein and without any more formalities was Impeached and condemned to be hanged which was accordingly done and some while afterwards the Physitians and Chirurgions being resolved to make a dissection of her body there being no Symptomes of life at all in her Notwithstanding just as they were ready to cut her up as if she had been only in a Dream and as if her shamefac'dness being not able to endure the touching and looks of so many men had awakened her to shun their Eyes and Rasors she gave some tokens of life to the admiration of the wisest and most judicious men learned in the like Cases who all of them declared that she was really dead whereupon no kind of remedies were left unassailed to bring her to herself which accordingly was accomplished and she at present liveth in as perfect health as even she did before It being not Gods will nor pleasure that during the Government of the justest of Conquerours there should an act of so high an Injustice pass as the barbarous condemning and putting to death so innocent a Creature as the Event proved this silly Maiden to be But to come to publick
Concernments the Parliament being desirous together with the Kings person to extirpate his Memory and to remove those Objects which might beget tenderness in the people who do alwaies bemoan the misfortunes of those whom before they hated Commanded that his Statues should be flung down whereupon that which stood on the VVest-end of St. Pauls Church in London was cast down and the other which was placed in the old Exchange placing this following Inscription in the Comportment above the same Exit tyrannus Regum ultimus Anno Libertatis Angliae restitutae primo Anno Domini 1648. Januarii 30. In like manner the Aâ—mes of the Crown of England which were placed in the Churches in the Courts of Judiciture and other publick places were taken down And the Common-weath being now as it seemed solidly established some neighbouring States who desired to be in Amity with Her sent their extraordinary Ambassadors over as namely the Hollanders Spain and Portugal and by the following Negociations the issues of the said Embassies will easily appear As to the Spanish Ambassador satisfaction was continually demanded of him for the Murther which was committed on the persons of this Common-wealths Agents at Madrid nor was this State at all satisfied with the Answer thereon returned That the Contestations between the King of Spain and his Clergy on that particular were not as yet reconciled or brought to naissue And as to the Portugal Ambassador great and vast summes being demanded of him for the reimbursement of those Charges which the King his Master had caused the Common-wealth to be at and for the reparation of those damages which the English Merchants had sustained He replyed he had no Orders to make Answer thereunto whereupon he had his Audience of departure and went his way Immediatly after this Common-wealth sent two extraordinary Ambassadors to the States of the united Provinces the Lords Oliver St. Johns and Walter Strickland Personages of a high repute and endowed with exquisite Parts their Train was great ad splendid and their Equipage favoured not a little of the Splendor of their continued Victories They Embarqued in the Downs on the eleventh of March 1651. and the next day toward even they came to an anchor neer Helvoot Slugs but not without some danger on the 13 they made towards Rotterdam in the long-boats and by the way they were met by some of the States Jachts or Barges and being arrived they were by the English Merchants conducted to their publick House where they were most splendidly entertained whither the Spanish Ambassador sent to complement them by one of his Gentlemen to testifie unto them his joy for their happy arrival beseeching them to enter into and joyn with him in a right understanding Two or three dayes after they set forward towards the Hague and by the way were met by the Master of Ceremonies accompanyed with about thirty Coaches and after some reciprocal complements passed and exchanged they were conducted to a stately House which was prepared for them in the Town where having been three dayes treated at the States charges they had audience In which the Lord St. Johns made a most Elegant and learned Speech in English and gave the Copy thereof unto the Lords States both in English and in Dutch the most essential points whereof were as followeth I. That they were sent unto the Lords the High and mighty States of the United Provinces on the behalf of the Parliament of the Common-wealth of England to ciment a firm League and Confederation betwixt the two Common-wealths in case their Lordships thought it fitting notwithstanding the injuries which the English had received from the Holland Nation II. That they desired to renew and confirm the Treaties and Agreements formerly made concerning the Traffique and Commerce betwixt both Nations III. After which they exhibited the advantages which the Hollanders would reap by this said union in regard of the commodious situation of England for the Traffique with the multitude and security of her Havens and of all things which may advance the Commerce and Trade IV. Finally he told them That he wus commanded by the Parliament of England and by the Common-wealth to make known to their Lordships how sencibly they were touched with the Murder which was committed on the person of their Agent Mr. Dorislaus and that they doubted not but their Lordships would use all possible endeavours to discover the Authors of that horrid and unworthy action After which the Lords States being informed that the said Lords Ambassadors followers were daily molested and affronted by the English Royallists and other persons who resided in Holland they caused a Proclamation to be drawn up which they sent unto the Lords Ambassadors to know of them whether it was penned in the due terms according to their good liking whereby on pain of death they prohibited that no man should either by words or deeds offend or molest any of the said Ambassadors followers or retainers Three months time was already elapsed in their Negotiation at a vast expense and with a farre greater patience without that the least satisfaction in the world could be obtained at the hands of Justice for those daily affronts injuries which were put upon the Lords Ambassadors Retinue Servants and the scorns and disgraces offered to their own persons even to such a pitch as that the Common people and Rascality would assemble themselves at the Gates of their house and belch out injurious language and set upon and injure their Servants Now the Parliament being sensible of these wrongs and injuries and seeing the Lords States did not at all answer those kinde proffers and endeavours which were made unto them to beget and fettle a solid and firm alliance and peace betwixt the two Common-wealths save with delayes and shifts purposely to gain time upon the English till they should be able to judge how the face of things would evidence it self in Scotland and which way the Chain would turn there they recalled their Ambassadors Which suddain and unexpected newes extreamly surprised the Hollanders who testified their astonishments thereon to the Lords Ambassadors by more frequent and oftner visitations then formerly and by which they endeavoured to perswade them to beleeve the sincerity of their intentions and how earnestly and ardently they desired the alliance which their Lordships had propounded But all these fair words were not able to stay the Ambassadors who immediately returned into England again to cut out another guesse kinde of work for the Hollanders And that which gave the greater cause of jealousie unto the English and made them believe that the Hollander dealt deceitfully with them was that their Admirall Van Trump lay lurking about the Isle of of Scillie with his Fleet as if he had some design to make himself Master of them But when as the States were demanded the reason of his lying there they replyed that their Admirals being in those parts was only to demand restitution of
Castles knowing full well the danger wherein the Ships were did encrease the dangers from shoare as well as from Sea and thereby became the more resolute and obstinate Insomuch that on the twenty eighth they were constrained to Land the Horse and the rest of the Foot who became Masters of the Forts and afterwards set upon the Castles in one of which was the Earle of Darbies Widow who quickly surrendred herself together with all the Ammunitions of War and some Vessells which were Anchored in the Harbour And not long after the strong Castle of Guernsey was also surrendred to the Parliament the whole Island having alwaies remained under the obedience of the Common-wealth and never deserted the same And as there is no felicity or bliss under the Heavens which is not mingled with some bitterness so in like manner the great Conquest of the Parliament both by Sea and Land had some mixture of missorrunes on both Elements on the Land by the decease of a great Captaine and a greater States-man and on the Sea by the death of a great Pilot and a greater Admirall both together The first was the Lord Ireton Son-in-law to his late Highness who immediatly after the taking of Limrick a very considerable place in those parts died during his being Lord Deputy of Ireland he was generally bemoaned of all men being a person who had rendred himself equally famous in War-like Exploits as well as in Politick Affairs and Sagacious Councels and to speak the truth there was scarce his like in all England and all the Comforts which survived his loss were that those good Foundations which he had laid and the Maximes which he had prescribed for the Government of Ireland did not perish with him but have remained to his Successors as Lamps and Lights whereby they may safely conduct their Foot-steps and assuredly carry on their Designes The other famous Person who also dyed was General Poppham a Personage endowed with all the good qualities of an exquisite Sea-man being valiant active and well versed in Sea Affaires his precipitated death and the small time he continued in that Imployment did shew unto us less what he was then according unto all appearance what he would have been had it pleased God to have lengthned his daies And now the Parliament being truly sencible both of the old and new Injuries which England had received from and by the States of Holland thought it fit to publish this ensuing Manifest Viz. THat no Commodities whatsoever of the growth or Manifacture of Africa Asia America or Europe should be brought into England or into any of the Territories belonging thereunto either by the English themselves or by any others save in Vessels or Barques effectively belonging to this Common-wealth or the Collonies and Plantations in the Indies who depend on the same on the penalty of forfeiting both Ships and Goods 2. That all Commodities whatsoever of the growth or manifacture of Forreigners which shall be brought within the Dominions of this Common-wealth in Vessels belonging to the Inhabitants thereof shall be taken and laden only in the places where the said wares do grow or else in those Ports and Havens whence they must of necessity be brought and where they are accustomed to be had and bought at the first hand 3. That all kind of Fish of the Fishing belonging to the people of this Nation as also all kind of Oyle of Fish VVhales Oyle and VVhale Bones shall not be brought save in such Ships where the said Fishing shall have been made upon the forementioned Penalty 4. That after the first of February 1653. there shall be no Salt-fish transported out of England save in English Vessels c. Then which nothing was more pleasing to the Merchants nor could any thing have more eucouraged them to cause the Traffick and Navigation to flourish again and whereby they were not a little also endeared to the Parliaments Interest So likewise was it very effectual to gain the Seamens hearts then which nothing is so apt to rebell and so hard to be kept in awe So likewise severall other Ordinances and Regulations were made concerning those Merchandizes which are brought from the East Indies from the Levant and from the Coast of Spain and Portugal all which did not much please and but lease oblige the Hollanders but to the contrary did so exasperate their Minds as that even during the time when they were treating of an Accommodation it came to an open VVar concerning the point of Honour at Sea and in this wise the Quarrel begun MAjor Bourn Commander in chief of a Squadron of English Ships discovered Van Trump Admirall of the Dutch Fleet on the back of Goodwine Sands who with two and forty Saile of Ships made towards Dover Road whereupon the Frigat called the Greyhound was commanded to make all the possible saile she could after them to speak with them which she accordingly did whereas they struck their Saile and gave all kind of tokens of honour and respect saying moreover That they would gladly tell something in the behalf of their Admiral unto the Party that commanded the English Fleet in chief and coming on board they saluted the English Ships and to seem the more officious they gave them an Account of their Navigation in this wise saying That the Nothernly VVinds having been somewhat high for some daies they had been constrained to ply more to the Southward then else they willingly would have done and that being come to an Anchor somewhat hitherwards to avoid the falling too neer unto Dunkirk they had lost severall Cables and Anchors concluding that they had not the least intention to do us any Injury General Blake was at that time with the rest of the Fleet towards the VVest who being enformed by Major Bourn of the Hollanders proceedings he used all the possible speed he could to joyne with him and on the nineteenth of May he discovered the Hollanders Anchored in Dover Road and being within three Leagues of each other the Hollander weighed Anchor and sailed Eastward where they met with an Express from the States whom they spake withall and afterwards made all the Saile they could up to the English Fleet their Admiral Van Trump shewing himself upon the Decks of the foremost Ships And General Blake coveting the honour to give the first Volley let fly three Guns at Van Trumps Flag though without Bullets To which Van Trump answered by a shot from the Stern of his Ship backwards signifying his disdain to vale his Flag and instead of the striking his Main Top-saile he caused a red Flag of War to be set up in token of a Combat to his whole Fleet and without any further delay he gave General Blake a whole Broad-side who joyfully received it and returned two for one and for the space of foure houres together both Fleets fought with that Animosity and vehemency which is usually on the like occasions at
Letters the most exquisite that are in any Language by Mr. Robert Lovedey who was the late admired Translator of the Volumes of the famed Romance Cleopatra Published by his dear Brother Mr. A. L. 15. The so long expected Work the New World of English Words or a general Dictionary containing the Terms Etymologies Definitions and perfect Interpretations of the proper signification of hard English words throughout the Arts and Sciences Liberal or Mechanick as also other subjects that are useful or appertain to the Language of our Nation to which is added the signification of Proper Names Mythology and Poetical Fictions Historical Relations Geographical Descriptions of the Countreys and Cities of the World especially of these three Nations wherein their chiefest Antiquities Battels and other most memorable Passages are mentioned by E. P. 16 A learned Comentary on Psalm the fifteenth by that Reverend and Eminent Divine Mr. Christopher Cartwright Minister of the Gospel in York to which is prefixed a brief account to the Authors life and of his Work by R. Bolton 17. The way to Bliss in three Books being a learned Treatise of the Philosophers Stone made publique by Elias Ashmole Esq 18. Wit restored in several Select Poems not formerly publisht by Sir John Mennis Mr. Smith and others 19. The Modern Assurancer the Clerks Directory containing the Practick Part of the Law in the exact Forms and Draughts of all manner of Presidents for Bargains and Sales Grants Feoffements Bonds Bills Conditions Covenants Jointures Indentures c. And all other Instruments and Assurances now in use by John Hern. 20. Naps upon Parnassus A sleepy Muse nipt and pincht though not awakened Such voluntary and Jovial Coppies of Verses as were lately received from some of the WITS of the Universities in a Frolick dedicated to Gondibert's Mistress by Captain Jones and others c. 21. The compleat Midwife's Practice in the high and weighty Concerments of Mankinde the second Edition corrected and enlarged with a full Supply of such most useful and admirable Secrets which Mr. Nicholas Culpeper in his brief Treatise and other English Writers in the Art of Midwifry have hitherto wilfully passed by kept cose to themselves or wholly omitted by T. Chamberlaine M. P. 22. America Painted to the Life the History of the Conquest and first Original undertakings of the advancement of the Plantations in those Parts with an exquisite Map by F. Gorges Esquire 23. Culpeper's School of Physick or the Experimental Practice of the whole Art so reduced either into Aphorismes or choice and tried Receipts that the free-born Students of the three Kingdoms may in this Method finde perfect wayes for the operation of such Medicines so astrologically and Physically prescribed as that they may themselves be competent judges of the Cures of their Patients by N. C. 24. Blagrave's admirable Ephemerides for the Year 1659. 25. History and Policy Reviewed in the Heroick transactions of his most Serene Highness Oliver late Lord Protector declaring his steps to Princely Perfection drawn in lively Parallels to the Ascents of the great Patriarch Moses to the height of 30 degrees of Honor by H. D. Esq 26. J. Cleaveland Revived Poems Orations Epistles and other of his Genuine Incomparable Pieces never before Publisht 27. England's Worthies Select Lives of the most eminent Persons of the three Nations from Constantine the Great to these times by W. Winstanly 28. The History of the Life and Death of his most Serene Highness Oliver late Lord Protector Wherein from his Cradle to his Tomb are impartially transmitted to Posterity the most weighty Transactions forreign or Domestique that have happened in his Time either in Matters of Law Proceedings in Parliaments or others Affairs in Church or State by S. Carrington 29. The right Lozenges publickly sold by Edmund Buckworth in St. Katherines Court for Coughs and Consumption of the Lungs c. are to be had at Nath. Brook's and John Grismond's in Ivy-lane and at no other place FINIS His Highness Birth and Parentage Lingua the Combate of the Sences His excellent qualifications The first Engagement The Treasure of the University sailed on A remarkable expedition The Battell of Marston Moor. His Highness admirable management of the Bartell at Nazeby The Victory of Preston in Lancashire The Monarchiall Government changed into a Common Wealth Forces sent into Ireland General Cromwell goes for Ireland and arrives there in August 1649. Drogedah in Ireland besieged The Common-wealth prepares to war against the Scots His late Highness made Generalissimo of the Common-wealths Armies A Manifest concerning the Scotch warre The Bâ—â—…teâ—… of Dunia gainte by the English Lieth taken Edinborâ—ugh taken The besieging of Edinborough Castle The good successe of the Naval Forces under General Blake Prince Ruperts Fleet ruined A Declaration for the security of the Soldiers The reducing the Isle of Scilly Blacknâ—sse taken by Coloâ—el Monk The Scots unitâ— A Plot discovered Major General Harrison sent to the North. Mr. Love Gibbons beheaded The Scotch army compleated refuse to fight Colonel Overton passes into Fife Major General Lambert passes into Fife 4000 Scots defeated by the English Brunt Isleland surrendred St. Johns Town surrendred The Scots enter England by Carlisle The English follow Colonel Monk with 7000 men reduceth all Scotland The Earle of Darby defeated Worcester Fight The Scots defeated at Worcester The remaining Nobility of Scotland seised and sent into England The Isle of Jersey attempted Jersey and all the Castles taken The Isle of Man attempted and reduced Guernsâ—y Castle surrendred The death of two famous Persons in England An Act of Parliament concerning the Importation and exportation of Goods Merchandises A Rupture with Holland caused The first Sea-fight with the Hollander May 52. Open War with Holland The Hollanders Fishermen destroyed in the North. A Holland Fleet destroyed by Sir Geo. Askue The Plimouth fight with the Dutch Six Hollanders Ships taken by Gen. Blake Six more taken by Captain Penne. A French Fleet taken by Gen. Blake The Kentish Knock a fight with the Hollanders Two Ambassadors arrive in England Severall passages between the English the Danes The Antelope Frigate lost 20 Holland Barques and 2 Men of War taken Another Sea Fight betwixt the English the Hollander in December A Fight between the English and the Hollander near the Isle of Wight Portland The Phenix regained A second Sea-fight in the Levant between the English and the Dutch A Portugal Ambassadour obtains Peace French Deputations sent to England Deputations concerning a peace with Holland The â—…ong Parliament dissolved The Lord General Cromwel and his Councells Manifest for the dissolving the Parliament A Declaration for settling a Councel of State A Fight between the English and the Dutch on the North Foreland The Dutch worsted and many Ships taken The Hollanders pursued and blocked up in their own Ports A Parliament called by General Cromwel The Generals Speech to the Members The Instrument of Government delivered to the