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A04911 The generall historie of the Turkes from the first beginning of that nation to the rising of the Othoman familie: with all the notable expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the liues and conquests of the Othoman kings and emperours faithfullie collected out of the- best histories, both auntient and moderne, and digested into one continuat historie vntill this present yeare 1603: by Richard Knolles Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610.; Johnson, Laurence, fl. 1603, engraver. 1603 (1603) STC 15051; ESTC S112893 2,105,954 1,223

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worthy and valiant souldiors in this ciuile conflict to draw those weapons against your fellowes and brethren which you haue most fortunatly vsed against the enemies of the Othoman kings except you meane thereby to make your selues a ioyfull spectacle vnto your enemies who grieuing to see themselues ouercome by your victorious weapons may yet reioice among themselues to see you turne the same one vpon another Wherefore my sonnes for your auntient honours sake be carefull that you doe not by this your insolencie lose the reputation of your wisedome loyaltie and valour for which you haue hitherto been aboue all others commended reserue these your weapons which you haue now too too much vsed amongst your fellowes against your enemies of whom you may get more praise and honour This speech of the old Bassa so mollified the stout souldiors that they freely permitted all that was in Mustaphaes tents to be carried to Solymans but as soone as the death of Mustapha was blowne into the eares of the Ianizaries and the rest of the armie in Solymans campe another tumult rise among them worse than the first They were quickly all vp in armes againe and with a great noise confused with teares and lamentation as they were in rage and furie brake violently into Solymans pauillion with their drawne swords which strucke the tyrant into such a feare that destitute of all counsell in himselfe he was about with the extreame perill of his life to haue fled but being holden of his friends and making a vertue of necessitie vpon the sudden aduentured to doe that which at better leisure he would scarcely haue thought vpon for going forth out of his tent but with a pale and wan countenance he spake vnto the enraged souldiors thus What broile is this what sturre what so great insolencie what meane your inflamed fierce and angrie lookes know you not your soueraigne and him that hath power to commaund you Haue you so resolued to s●aine the antient and inuincible honour of your selues and your ancestors with the bloud of your lord and emperour Whilest he was yet thus speaking the souldiors boldly answered That they denied not but that he was the man whom they many yeares before had chosen for their emperour but in that they had by their owne valour got for him a large and mightie empire and in like manner preserued it that was therefore of them done that he should for the same gouerne them vertuously and justly and not to lay his bloudie hands without discretion vpon euerie just man and most wickedly embrue himselfe with innocent bloud and that they came thither armed they did it as they said moued with just cause to reuenge the vnworthie death of guiltlesse Mustapha and that for that matter he had no just cause to be angrie with them Wherefore they required that they might publikely cleere themselues of the treason whereof they were accused by Mustaphaes enemies and that the accuser might be brought forth to justifie his accusation protesting that they would neuer lay downe their weapons vntill the accuser made his appearance in judgement and commenced his accusation judicially vpon paine to endure the like punishment if he failed in proofe Whilest these things were in doing the hainousnesse of the late committed fact caused euerie man to shed teares so that Solyman himselfe seemed to be sorie for the murther so lately by himselfe committed wherfore he promised vnto the souldiors whatsoeuer they required and did what he could to appease their angrie minds For all that they in the meane time least he should craftily slip away and deceiue them of that he had promised and of the expectation of such things as they had required witha maruellous care and diligence all kept watch and ward Solyman to appease this furie of the Ianizaries depriued Rustan Bassa of all his honours and tooke from him his seale whereof he had the keeping and deliuered it to Achomates bassa But Rustan worthely strucken with feare and horrour seeing himselfe now in no safetie in his owne tents fled secretly to Achomates asking his counsell what were best for him to doe and what course to take in so doubtfull and dangerous a case To whom the Bassa answered That it were best for him to vse the great emperours aduise and to doe what he commaunded Which answere well satisfied Rustan and so he which of late gaue other men accesse vnto the emperour at his pleasure was now glad by his old acquaintance and friends to preferre this poore sute To know his pleasure what he would haue him to doe From whom he receiued this answere That he should incontinently without farther delay get him out of his sight and out of the campe which the Bassa said he could not conueniently doe being by his displeasure and the souldiors rage disfurnished of all things necessarie for his departure Whereunto Solyman sent him answere againe That he could giue him neither longer time nor delay and that it were best for him without more adoe to be gone for feare of farther harme Whereupon Rustan guiltie in conscience of most horrible villanie treacherie accompanied but with eight of his most faithfull friends in steed of his late world of followers posted in hast to CONSTANTINOPLE and there not without danger of his head with Roxolana and other the complices and contriuers of the treason against Mustapha in great feare expected the euent of his fortune This young prince Mustapha thus shamefully murthered by his owne father was for his rare vertues generally beloued of the Turkes but of the souldiors most for his martiall disposition and readinesse for the effusion of Christian bloud The opinion they had conceiued of him was such and their loue so great that they neuer thought there was any in the Othoman family of whom they expected so much for the enlarging of their empire insomuch that euer since when in their priuat or publike actions they faile of any great hope they vse this prouerb euen at this day taken frō him Gietti Sultan Mustapha Sultan Mustapha is dead as who should say our hope is all lost Achomates bassa the great champion of the Turks a man of exceeding courage not ignorant of the small assurance of the great honors of that state at such time as he receiued the seale from Solyman boldly told him That as he did then franckly bestow it vpon him so he would at one time or other to his no lesse disgrace take it from him to whom Solyman solemnly promised with an oath not to displace him so long as he liued For all that he had not long enjoyed that honour but that Solyman falling in dislike with him and willing againe to promote Rustan bassa to that great honour greater than which there is none in the Turkes court which by reason of his oath he could not doe so long as Achomates liued To saue his oath and to preferre his sonne in law whom he
with the manner of his life and gouernment and by their letters diligently to aduertise him of whatsoeuer they should see or heare bearing them in hand that the more suspitiously or odiously they should write of him the more gratious and acceptable it would be vnto the great Sultan Wherfore he by these men oftentimes certified of the princely disposition courage wisedome valour and bountie of Mustapha whereby he had woon all mens hearts saw plainly that he would at length be vndoubtedly preferred to the empire yet durst he not for all that aduenture to temper with Solyman about that detestable conspiracie against the inocent prince but still deliuering the letters to the malitious woman left the rest by her vngratious head to be wrought And she still as occasion best serued her purpose ceased not with pleasing allurements and flatterie wherein she was most excellent to infect Solymans mind that whensoeuer he should chance to haue any speech of Mustapha she might take the fitter occasion to bring forth those letters Neither was she in her drift deceiued but hauing found a fit opportunitie with teares trickling downe her cheekes which to serue their turns subtile women seldome want she told the emperour in what danger he stood recounting amongst other things how Selymus his father had by such meanes depriued Baiazet his grandfather both of his life and empire togither and therefore most instantly besought him as if it had altogither proceeded of a carefull loue by that example warned to looke to himselfe But these light arguments of suspition seemed as they were indeed vnto Solyman scarce probable so that she little preuailed thereby Which thing she well perceiuing and inwardly grieued thereat conuerted her cruell mind to other mischieuous deuises and sought by all meanes how to poyson the young prince neither wanted there wicked men as it were vowed to all kind of mischiefe and villanie readie to haue performed what she desired had not Gods prouidence withstood so horrible a practise For whereas certaine rich apparell was by her sent vnto him in his fathers name he fearing the worst would not touch it before he had caused it to be worne by one of his seruants by which curious warinesse as it was thought he for that time preuented the treason of his wicked stepdame and made her malitious practise manifest to the world Yet rested she not so but was still plotting new deuises tending all to one purpose for being growen to that height of honour and power as neuer was woman in the Othoman court and by the meanes of Trongilla a Iew as it was thought hauing bewitched the mind of the Turkish emperour she still grew more and more in fauour and obtained that her sonnes might by turnes be still present in the court of purpose that by their daily presence and continuall flatterie they should more and more procure their fathers loue and if by chance Mustapha should come thither she might haue the better meanes to dispatch him if not to expect some other fit time when she might by some one or other meane take him away But Mustapha neuer comming for why the emperors sons vse not without their fathers leaue to go out of the prouinces assigned vnto them or to come to CONSTANTINOPLE but after the death of their father to receiue the empire attended vpon with a number of souldiors she easily deuised another practise that her sonnes should wait vpon their father not in the citie only but in the prouinces also so that Tzihanger surnamed Cro●chbacke alwaies followed his father in the campe Certaine yeares thus spent and she still hammering her mischieuous deuises at length fortune fauouring her wicked desire got from the Bassa which had the gouernment of Mustapha and the prouince of AMASIA for as we haue said euerie one of the kings sons hath with him one Bassa which is as it were his lieutenant in administration of justice and martiall affaires certaine suspitious letters wherein was contained that there was a speech of a marriage to be made 〈◊〉 Mustapha and the Persian kings daughter which thing he thought good to giue knowledge of to the Counsell that if any harme should ensue thereof he might be out of all suspition These letters being brought to Rustan he thought he had now as good as halfe brought to end the long desired ruine of Mustapha so making no stay he opened the matted to Roxolana and afterwards both togither went to the court and declared all the matter to the emperour in doing whereof they forced both their vngratious wits to fill his head yet doubtfull with suspition and to possesse his mind with the feare of his owne most dutifull sonne saying That he as a proud and ambitious young man rauished with the desire of so glorious an empire sought against the lawes both of God and nature to take his father out of the way that so he might with more speed satisfie his aspiring mind And to giue the more credit to this their most false suggestion they warned him of the alliance by him purposed with the Persian king the auntient enemie of the Othoman emperours wishing him to beware least Mustapha supported by the strength of PERSIA and the fauour of the Sanzacks and Ianizaries whose loue he had by bountie purchased should in short time when he feared least togither depriue him both of his life and empire With these and such like accusations they so preuailed with the aged man whom they neuer suffered to rest in quiet that he at length resolued to worke his safetie as he supposed by the death of his owne sonne in this sort In the yeare 1552 he caused proclamation to be made almost in all the prouinces of his empire That for as much as the Persians without resistance with a great armie inuaded SIRIA burning and destroying the countrey before them he to represse that their outragious insolence was enforced to send thither Rustan Bassa with an armie which according to his appointment was in short time raised Now when all things were in readinesse as if it had beene for such a warre as was pretended he commaunded Rustan with as much secrecie and as little tumult as was possible to lay hands vpon Mustapha and to bring him bound to CONSTANTINOPLE which if hee could not conueniently effect then by any other meanes to take him out of the way With this wicked and cruell charge Rustan with a strong armie marched towards SIRIA Mustapha vnderstanding of his comming without delay with 7000 of the best horsemen in all Turkie made towards SIRIA also whereof Rustan hearing and perceiuing that he could not as he desired conueniently execute the cruell commaund of the vnnaturall father forthwith turned his backe and treading the same steps he came returned with his armie to CONSTANTINOPLE with such speed that he endured not to behold the very dust raised by Mustapha his horsemen much lesse his presence giuing it out That he certainely
then proceed in his wars and so obtaine most glorious conquests This his aduise so little pleased the effeminat king that in stead of the great opinion he before held of him he now conceiued an enuious affection against him and a further suspition fostred by the great ladies of the court especially Amuraths mother That Sinan had thus counselled the king himselfe to go in person not for any good could come therof but onely that so he might find meanes for the prince his sonne to make himselfe king and to driue out his father Which suspition was in such sort nourished in the mind of Amurath especially being assured of the great affection which the prince carried towards Sinan and he likewise towards him that he resolued to rid him out of his sight and so depriuing him of all charge presently banished him the court and out of CONSTANTINOPLE to DEMOTICA a citie of THRACE from whence afterwards he by most humble supplication obtained to be remoued to MARMARA a little beyond SELYMBRIA And into his place of Visiership was preferred Sciaus Bassa who had married Amurath his sister an Hungarian borne a goodly personage and of honorable judgement but aboue all men a seller of justice and preferments and yet a great friend to the peace with the Christian princes which Sinan had alwaies most wickedly maligned The Persian captaines in the meane time with their spoiles and diuers of their enemies ensignes were with great joy receiued at home in PERSIA but when the discord that fell out betweene Mahamet Bassa and Mustaffa the Georgian was also reported the former joy was redoubled euerie man being of opinion that these discords might bee great impediments vnto the Turkes further attempts into PERSIA which it was feared they would the next yeare attempt to the great danger of NASSIVAN and TAVRIS Vpon which occasions the Persian king perceiuing that he could not haue a fitter opportunitie to employ himselfe against Abas Mirize his sonne then with him it disgrace determined with himselfe to leaue the matters on this side of his kingdome in their present state and to march toward HERI whereunto he was earnestly solicited by his elder sonne Emir Hamze Mirize but especially by Mirize Salmas his Visier Vpon which resolution committing the defence of REIVAN NASSIVAN and that side of his kingdome to Emir Chan Gouernour of TAVRIS he set forward himselfe with his army towards CASBIN and so marching through diuers prouinces arriued at length at SASVAR being on that side the chiefe of all the cities subject to the jurisdiction of HERI which citie he tooke by force and without delay caused the Gouernour thereof to be beheaded although he alleadged a thousand excuses for himselfe and objected a thousand accusations moe against the seditious Visier The king after this departing thence and hauing also put to death certaine captaines and Sultans that were accused by the Visier to be confederats in the rebellion of his sonne he arriued at last at the desired citie of HERI Verie strong is this citie by situation compassed about with a good wall and watered with deep channels of running springs conuaied into it by Tamerlane their founder or restorer besides that there was in it many valiant captaines enemies to Mirize Salmas readie to lay downe their liues in defence of themselues and of Abas their lord so that the winning thereof could not but proue both long and difficult As soone as the king approched the citie he felt in himselfe many troubled passions arising of griefe and pietie it grieued him to thinke that hee should beget so gracelesse a sonne who in stead of maintaining his state and honour should seeke his ruine and destruction it grieued him also to remember the bloud of his subjects before spilt vpon so strange an occasion and scarcely durst he enter into the cogitation thenceforward to shed any more of the bloud of his people Neuerthelesse being still more and more solicited by his Visier he attempted to vnderstand the mind of his sonne and if it might be possible to get him into his hands But whiles the king trauelling with these thoughts lay with his armie before HERI Abas Mirize in the meane time writ diuers letters to his father and to his brother wherein he besought them That they would make knowne vnto him the occasion of this their stirre For if desire of rule had moued them to seeke the depriuation of him being their sonne and brother from the honour hee lawfully possessed and which his father himselfe had procured for him of his grandfather Tamas they ought to abandon that imagination for that he was alwaies readie to spend his wealth and his bloud togither with his estate in their seruice and acknowledged his father to be his good father and king But if they were not induced hereunto for this cause but by a desire to reuenge some trespasse that he had committed to the prejudice of the crowne of PERSIA or his fathers honour he was most readie to submit himselfe to any amends and with all reason to yeeld vnto them the kingdome yea the whole world and euen his owne life the rather to satisfie their minds with a more full contentation With twise and thrise reading ouer were these affectionat letters considered and disgested and at last both the father and the brother perceiuing in them such liberalitie of words and ouercome with pitie or if not with pitie yet with great admiration and contentment they determined to put the matter in practise and moderating their desire of reuenge to attempt the reducing of the yong mans mind to some good passe Whereupon they wrote backe vnto him That no greedie desire to vsurpe his gouernment had induced them to make so great a voyage to trouble so much people and to shed such aboundance of bloud but onely his disobedience and presumption in that he had caused himselfe to be called the king of PERSIA and had not sent so much as one captaine to aid them in the late warres against the Turkes Glad was Abas the yong prince when he vnderstood the accusations that were laied against him hoping to make it manifest before all men how the king and his brother were misinformed in these particularities and therefore incontinently did write backe vnto them That if they would faithfully promise him honourably and without any outrage to receiue his embassadours he would send vnto them such euident matter and so cleare information touching those his accusations as that they should not onely clearely perceiue that there was neuer any such kind of though in him but also that he had alwaies desired laboured the contrarie and would moreouer open vnto them such matter as in respect of other men and not of himselfe might cause their comming to proue profitable and commodious to all the kingdome of PERSIA Which his request they both solemnly promised faithfully to performe being verie desirous to vnderstand what those strange