constancy so that they fought that whole day as also the second and third with that spight and rage and with such little consideration that they were almost all killed and such as did escape with their lives were yet so wounded that they were disabled and unfit for service The Indians who were Natives of that Province of Chunchu having observed this advantage fell in upon those that remained alive and utterly destroyed them amongst which Gomez de Tordoya was also slain I knew all these three Gentlemen and left them in Cozco when I departed thence The Indians took three Spaniards alive that is this Maldonado Diego Martin a Portugal Friar and a certain Gun-smith called Simon Lopez Maldonado being known by the Indians to have been the Commander in chief of one of those parties was treated by them with all courtesie and respect and considering that he was wounded and a Man in years they gave him liberty to return unto his Indians in Cozco giving him convoy to as far as the Province of Callavaya where the finest Gold is extracted in pieces of four or five Caracts in weight but the Friar and the Gun-smith they kept above two years afterwards during which time they employed the Gun-smith solely in making them Hatchets and Pick-axes of Copper and the Friar they held in great veneration because he was a Priest and a Servant of the God of the Christians◠And when at length they gave them liberty to return to Peru they entreated the Friar to stay amongst them and teach them the Doctrine of Christianity but he refused to dwell with them This and many such occasions have been lost whereby the Gospel might have been propagated by Preaching without the force and compulsion of Arms. TWO years afterwards the Chunchus gave licence to these two Spaniards to return unto Peru guiding and conducting them untill they came to the Valley of Callavaya so that they told their own Story of this unhappy expedition They also gave an account of all the Actions and Exploits which the Incas had performed at the lower parts of this River and how they dwelt and inhabited amongst the Musus and that after that time they acknowledged the Inca for their Lord and Sovereign and that every year they carried him presents of such Fruits as their soil produced the which presents were continued untill the Death of the Inca Tupac Amaru which was some few years after this unfortunate action and fight between Juan Alvarez Maldonado and Gomez de Tordoya The which Story we have fore-stalled and related out of its due place thereby to attest and prove the Conquest which the Inca Yupanqui made along the great River Amarumayu and that the Incas who designed to make a Conquest of the Musus did afterwards plant themselves and inhabit amongst them All which the Friar Diego Martin and the Gun-smith Simon did particularly relate and confirm And the Friar as to himself did say that nothing did trouble him so much in his life as that he did not continue his abode amongst the Indian Chunchus as they desired of him but that not having the conveniencies there of saying Mass was a great inducement to recall him thence for otherwise he would never have removed from thence He farther said that he often purposed to return thither again being troubled in his conscience for not having satisfied the importunity of those poor Indians who made that reasonable request to him which he by his vow and profession was obliged to grant And farther that Friar alledged that those Incas who were planted among the Musus might be of great use of the Spaniards in the Conquest which they designed to make of that Countrey And so let us return again to the Acts and Monuments of the good Inca Yupanqui the chief and greatest of which was the Conquest of Chili CHAP. XVII Of the Nation of Chirihuana of their customs and manner of living AS covetousness and ambition of government is natural to all Men so these Incas transported with a desire of new Kingdoms and Conquests made it their chief business and glory to enlarge their Empire In pursuance of which four years after that Yupanqui had sent his Army down the River he designed another Conquest over the great Province of Chiri-huana which is seated in the Antis to the Eastward of the Charcas But in regard the Countrey was unknown and the ways undiscovered it was thought fit and convenient to send spyes first into those parts who might see and discover the Situation and Nature of the Countrey and Manners of the People The Spies being dispatched as was resolved they returned at a certain time bringing a report that the Countrey was bad full of high and barren Mountains Bogs Lakes and Marish Grounds that the Natives were absolutely brutes and worse than beasts having no Religion or Worship of any thing but lived without law or good manners wandring in the Mountains and Woods not associated in any community or political government unless it were when they joined their Forces together to infest their Neighbours with intention to eat the flesh of those which they took in War without respect either of Sex or Age and that nothing should be lost of all their spoils they drank the bloud when they cut their throats Nor did they onely eat the flesh of their Enemies but of their own people when they died onely they lamented over their bones which when they had laid and disposed orderly according to their joints they buried them in rocks or caves and the hollow of trees They went naked and promiscuously used coition without regard either to Sisters Daughters or Mothers And this was the common way of living practised by the Nation of Chiri-huana The good Inca Yupanqui for so was he styled commonly by his own people as also by Pedro de Cieça having heard this report turned to his relations and kindred who were then present and told them that now he esteemed it a duty and obligation incumbent on him ot reduce the people of Chiri-huana that so he might withdraw them from the turpitude of their manners and from that bestial life which they did lead it being the grand design for which his Father the Sun had sent him into the World. Having said these Words he appointed ten thousand Men to be raised and made ready under the Command of Colonels and Captains of the Incan Family Men experienced both in War and Peace and instructed in their duty and the business that they were to perform This Army being provided marched into the Province of Chirihuana where they soon found the want and misery of the Countrey to supply which they gave notice to the Inca who speedily furnished them with all things necessary But such were the difficulties of that Countrey being nothing but Mountains and Bogs and Fens that after the labour of two years they were not able to effect any matter considerable therein which being advised to the Inca he
from them for having killed many persons unjustly and that he lead a dissolute life with a certain woman that he was in confederacy with Gonçalo Piçarro and went from Chile with design and intention to join with him besides many other treasonable things of which they impeached him and in conclusion they desired that he might be condemned to pay and return the Gold he had taken from them The President found himself much perplexed and straitned in this matter for in case he condemned Valdivia he absolutely destroyed his voyage which tended to the quiet and benefit of Peru by clearing the Countrey of so many leud and insolent Souldiers as were to accompany him And in case the taking away the Gold were proved upon him and he not compelled to make restitution it would be such a piece of injustice as would tend much to the disreputation of the President and make a great noise and out-cry in the Countrey And being in this strait a contrivance was made to avoid the restitution which was in this manner Before it was ordered that Copies should be given to Valdivia of the Accusation and Articles preferred against him or any summary information a rule was given that first a solemn Inquisition should be made in the Office of the names of all those persons who were concerned in the Bill against the Defendant the which was to be done in that slight manner that the reason for which it was required might not be discovered And when it appeared by the Bill that all the People of Chile were concerned as Plaintiffs and were all Parties and interested in the Demand none of them could lawfully be made a Witness or give legal testimony in their own Cause he then ordered that Valdivia should have a Copy of the Bill and give in a speedy Answer the which he accordingly did denying every thing that was alledged against him it then lay upon the Plaintiffs to prove all by their Witnesses The Cause coming to a tryal and no testimony produced besides that of the Parties interested the President proceeded ex officio to sentence in favour of Valdivia And though something was proved of his intention towards Gonçalo Piçarro yet the President declared that neither for that nor other matters he found sufficient reason to divert Valdivia from his intended Conquest howsoever he took security from him not to entertain any of those who were banished for their Rebellion And also that he would send a Judge upon the place to make a strict inquisition concerning the Gold and gave Valdivia particularly in charge to give satisfaction for the same which he promising to perform the suit was dismist and he permitted to proceed to Chile Thus far Palentino who therewith concludes this Chapter CHAP. VI. The unfortunate death of Diego Centeno in the Charcas and of Licenciado Carvajal in Cozco The foundation of the City of Peace the Courts of Judicature are setled in Los Reyes AFter that the President Gasca had finished the Distribution of Lands as he designed in Apurimac and was gone to Los Reyes the Inhabitants and chief Lords of Peru took their leaves of him in order to return to their own homes Cities and Places of aboad some to take possession of their new Estates and others to repair their old which were gone to ruine and decay by the miseries of the War. Amongst the rest Diego Centeno went to his Estate in the Village of Plate now called the City of Plate by reason of the vast quantities of Silver which they daily dig out of that Hill adjoining to it called Potocsi where his intention was to get what Silver and Gold he could and therewith transport himself into Spain to render an account unto his Majesty of all the Services he had done for his Imperial Crown which his Majesty taking into his gratious consideration might gratifie him with some reward which the President had omitted to doe for which neglect he esteemed himself highly affronted This resolution being discovered to some friends with whom he consulted his intention presently took air and was divulged through the whole Kingdom being wrote in all Letters and Papers of advice which greatly offended the Government to hear that a person so considerable as Centeno was preparing to carry his Complaints into Spain some of the great Officers then in power being jealous of his Design would have persuaded him not to goe on pretence of friendship to him but finding that they could not prevail they resolved on another course more certain and secure than the former which was this Some of the Neighbours thereabouts out of malice and some out of ignorance wrote a Letter to Diego Centeno desiring him to come to the City of Plate where they might consult amongst themselves concerning his Voyage into Spain and other matters of their own which they would recommend to be communicated by him to his Imperial Majesty Centeno accordingly prepared for his journey to the City which being known to his Indians they earnestly persuaded him not to goe having received some private intimation as they said from their familiar spirits of an intent to kill him but Centeno was the more resolved because he would shew how little he valued the superstitious witchcrafts and presages of the Indians Great was the joy which those who invited him shewed at his arrival but some Souldiers who had been his friends and companions at the time when he was pursued by Francisco de Carvajal and in the Battels of Huarina and Sacsahuana privately suggested their fears for his appearance there telling him that the prediction which his own Indian servants had made known to him the same was also confirmed by those of that City and signifie◠to their Masters the which his friends interpreted for a sinister omen though in reality there appeared no outward cause or reason to suspect it But Centeno carried the matter high and slighted the vain superstition of the Indians saying that their conversation was with the Devil who was the Father of Lyes and therefore no credence was to be given to their presages but a short time shewed the vanity of his confidence for having been four days in the City he was solemnly invited to an entertainment in the house of a certain Gentleman whose name it is not necessary to specifie here but onely to recount the matter of fact like an Historian without other reflexion seeing that the persons themselves are now in place where they have given an account of this action In short at this Banquet such a dose of poison was prepared and given to Centeno so privately and undiscovered without any present symptoms or torments in the Bowels as did his business and dispatched him in three days His death was greatly lamented by all sorts of People in the Kingdom for he was a Gentleman of much goodness and affable deportment which had gained him a general affection and esteem He had been concerned in all the exploits and atchievements of
Francisco Carvajal Major General to Gonçalo Piçarro marches into the Charcas 721. The Character given of him 723. Carvajal continues â—his pursuit after Diego Centeno 724. His Cruelty 725. Cepeda the Judge accompanies Piçarro and fights more like a Souldier than a Lawyer 738. Centeno acts by Strategem of War against Francisco Carvajal 739. Francisco Carvajal kills Lope de Mendoça and enters into the Charcas 743. Sends his Head to Arequepa and how he suppressed a Mutiny 745 746. His gratitude in Arequepa to Corncjo 809. Carvajal writes to Piçarro to proclaim himself King and his Reasons for it 747 748. The Strategem used by him at Huarina 796 801. Centeno and his other Captains come out of their Caves and appear for his Majesty 769. He fights with Pedro de Maldonado and enters into Cozco 777. He is chosen Commander in chief 778. An Agreement is made between him and Alonso de Mendoça 779. He gives an Account to the President of a Message sent to him by Piçarro 792. He is overcome at the Battel of Huarina 798. and flyes 803. His unfortunate death in the Charcas 861. The Contrera's by their leud Practices and Follies lose the Treasure they had gotten with their Lives 873. Cepeda the Judge advises Piçarro to make a Peace with the President 812. Cepeda's death 870. A Challenge between Paulo de Meneses and Martin de Robles and how the Quarrel was taken up 890. Carvajal gives Counsel to Piçarro which is rejected 818. He persuades Gonçalo Piçarro not to march out of Cozco p. 825. He is taken and imprisoned 834. His Discourse with Gasca the â—â—endent 835. He is visited in Prison and his Discourses with those who visited him 836 837. What he said and did on the day of his death 840 841. His Cloaths and quaint Sayings 843. Other like Passages of Carvajal and what befell a Boy who touched one of his Quarters 845. Carvajal the Lawyer his unfortunate death at Cozco 861. Carrillo commits great Robberies and the manner of his death 954. Caâ—â—te a Marquis designed for Vice-king of Peru 981. He arrives there 984. He issues out Orders to prevent Mutinies 985. He puts Vazquez Picdrahita and Alonzo Diaz to death notwithstanding their Pardons 986. He banishes thirty seven men of those into Spain who make Demands for their late Services 989. He contrives means to bring the Inca who was Heir to the Empire out of the Mountains 991. He raises Horse and Foot for security of the Empire 1000. His Death 1007. Castro the Lawyer is appointed Governour of Peru. D. DIvision of their Flocks how and of other strange Beasts 146. Divinations made from their Sacrifices 221. Distinctions made between the Kings and other Inca's 231. Devils struck dumb by a Sacrament 465. Diego Centeno pursues Alonso de Toro 721. The Division of Lands the second time 869. Duels in the Charcas 888. E. EDucation of young Noble-men at Court 252. Emeralds vide Pearls The Embassy and Presents sent by the Inca's to the Spaniards 440. Embassadours sent to Atahualpa 443. The Speech and the Inca's Answer 446. They return again to their Companions 448. Executions done on several Captains belonging to Piçarro 837. Egas de Guzman a bold Fellow causes an Insurrection in Potocsi 896. What happened thereupon p. 903. He is drawn and quartered 904. F. THE manner of Fishing used by the Indians 80. The Festivals kept up when they tilled the Grounds dedicated to the Sun 133. Festivals to the Sun how celebrated 217 219. How at those Feasts they drank one to the other 223. The third Festival to the Sun 257. The fourth Festival 258. Feasts at night to purifie the City 260. Fruits and Trees of the largest Size 320. Fruits of Spain 392. Fowle wild and tame 334 326 337. Fish taken in the four great Rivers 338. Of Flax Asparagus c. 395. The Faithfulness of the Indians to their Masters 487. The Foundation of the City of Los Reyes and Truxillo 521. Festivals of Joy made for Gonçalo Piçarro 703. The Festival of the H. Sacrament celebrated at Cozco by Indians and Spaniards 977. G. THE Government of the ancient Inca's 8. Gold and Silver given to the Inca's not as tribute but in Presents 141. Of Gold and Silver 344. Giants in the Countrey of Manta 363. Garçilasso de la Vega and his Companions meet difficulties in discovering the Countrey of Buena Ventura 565. Gaspar Rodriguez and his Friends pardoned 685. He is killed 687. De la Gasca a Lawyer is chosen by the Emperour Charles the Fifth to reduce Peru 755. His Commission and Arrival at Nombre de Dios 757. Pedro de la Gasca hath the Title of President sends Hernan Mexia to quiet disturbances at Panama raised by Pedro de Hinojosa 759. Sends an Ambassadour to Gonçalo Piçarro 761. His Letter to him 764. He departs from Panama and goes to Tumpiz 772. He arrives there and issues out Orders 781. He comes to Sausa 792. He receives the ill News of the defeat of Centeno 811. His departure from Sausa and arrival at Antahuaylla 815. He comes to the River Apurimac and the Difficulties he found in the passage 823. Gasca the President marches towards Cozco p. 826. He publishes new Orders for the Suppression of Rebels 851. With what Difficulty he answers the Importunity of Pretenders 852. His Letter to them 853. He goes to Los Reyes and leaves Cozco ibid. His great Cares and Troubles he suppresses Mutinies his great Patience 863. He embarques for Spain 869. He recovers the Treasure he had lost 875. He arrives in Spain 876. Giron vide Hernandez A great Galeon with Eight hundred People therein how burned 982. H. OF their Handicraft-trades and Work p. 52. The High-priest his Name c. 90. Huswifery of the Women 112. Hanco-huallu the Valiant flies out of the Empire 177. Huntings how made 194 195. Of the Huanacu ibid. Huamachucu the good Curaca how reduced 207. Huacrachucu conquered by the Inca's 301. Huayna Capac's three Marriages His Father's Death and Sayings 316. A Chain of Gold made by Huayna Capac as big as a Cable 349. Huayna Capac his Valour 359. His Sayings relating to the Sun 365. He receives intelligence that the Spaniards sail along the Coast of Peru 371. His last Testament and Death 374. Horses and Mares how first bred in Peru and of the great Prices of them 376. Of Hens and Pigeons 385. Herbs for Gardens and other Herbs 393. Huascar raises Forces to resist his Brother Atabaliba 400. He demands Succour and Justice from the Spaniards 466. Huascar's death 469. Hinojosa named Pedro sails with a Fleet of Ships belonging to Piçarro unto Panama 726. Huarina vide Battel Hinojosa takes Vela Nunnez in his Voyage 728. He delivers the Fleet of Piçarro into the hands of the President Gasca 762. The great Estate given him 855. Hostages are sent between the President and Gonçalo Piçarro and the Caution used therein 783. Hernandez Giron greatly discontented and why p. 857. He receives a
answer We shall leave the Name of Gualpa untill the end of this Chapter and shall begin with the word Ronto or Runtu which signifies an Egg not of a Hen in particular but in general of any Fowl vvhether tame or vvild and vvhen they mention an Egg they add the Fovvl or Bird from vvhich it is produced as of a Hen Partridge or Dove c. And so much for Runtu or the Egg. As to the expression of Gualpa or Hen to signifie a Covvard the Indians may have deduced or taken it up from the Spaniards as is ordinary for people vvho have entertained a familiarity and conversation vvith another to borrovv their phrases and proprieties of their Language as is commonly seen hovv our Spaniards that travel into Italy France Flanders and Germany do frequently make use of the Proverbs and Expressions vvhich they have learned from stranger Nations so also the Indians have taken this vvord from the Spaniards to denote a Covvard for othervvise in their ovvn Tongue they vvant not vvords more significant than this Spanish Saying for they sometime call him Huarmi vvhich is Woman and have the proper vvord Campa vvhich signifies a Man of a pusillanimous Spirit and one vvithout Heart or Courage as also they have the vvord Llanclla so that the Metaphor of a Hen is borrovved from the Spaniards in vvhich I may be credited considering that I my self am an Indian The word Gualpa is corrupted by contraction of the Syllables and is instead of Atahualpa which doth not signifie a Hen but was the Name of the last Inca that reigned in Peru whose Life was so bloudy as we shall relate in its due place that he exceeded in cruelty all the fierce and wild Beasts and Basilisks in the World for he being a Bastard by subtile artifices and contrivances Murthered his Elder Brother Huascar who was lawfull Heir and Usurped his Kingdom and so with cruel torments never before known or invented he destroyed the whole Bloud-Royal both Men Women and Children over which more tender Sex that his cruelty might triumph he subjected them to the most exquisite torments that his tyrannical malice could invent and not satiating himself sufficiently with his own flesh and bloud his unhumane rage proceeded to a destruction of all the Servants and Dependants on the Royal Court which as we have said were very numerous for Offices were not confined to single persons but to Villages and Towns which were obliged to serve in their turns such as Porters at the Gate Sweepers Water-bearers Gardiners and the like all which by their Villages and Communities being employed in these services had their Habitations for the space of five six and seven Leagues round Cozco whom he totally destroyed and not being contented with a Massacre of the Inhabitants he demolished their Dwellings and put all to a miserable devastation and yet his cruelties had proceeded farther had not the Spaniards who in the furious progress of his Tyrannies entred that Countrey given a stop to his farther executions Now whereas the Spaniards in a short time after their coming took this Tyrant Atahualpa and in the publick Market-place putting him to the Wrack executed him before the people in the most exemplary manner of punishment which when the Indians observed they praised their God the Sun who had sent the Spaniards to perform justice and revenge himself of the Tyrant who had destroyed his Children and all those of his Bloud and Family For which reason the Indians looking upon the Spaniards as those who were sent from their God did yield entire obedience to them surrendring themselves absolutely to their disposal which was a means to facilitate their Conquests for they adored them as the Progeny which was descended from their God Viracocha who appeared in a dream to one of their Kings and therefore they gave the Name of Viracocha to the Spaniards On this false supposition they conceived this simple fancy that when they heard the Cocks crow which the Spaniards brought in and were the first that were ever seen in Peru they imagined that the Cocks pronounced the word Atahualpa in abhorrence of his detestable tyrannies whence contracting the word they called Cocks and Hens by the Name of Gualpa And whereas the Indians recounted these Fables to their Children whereby they descended by way of tradition to after Ages the Boys when they heard the Cocks crow would answer in the same tone crowing out Atahualpa and I must confess when I was a Boy that I used amongst the other young Indians to imitate the same tune when I ran about the Streets And thus we Children quavered out Atahualpa imitating as near as we could the voice of the Cock Nor did we onely tune his Name to our Song but we brought the Names of his principal Captains into the Air of our Musick as Challcuchima Quilliscacha And Ruminavi which signifies the Eye of a Stone because he had a Pearl as we call it on one of his Eyes Blas Valera having in his loose and scattered Papers given an account of the sudden Death of Atahualpa farther saith that though he had been cruel to his Relations and those of his Bloud yet in the Government of his own people he was endued with incomparable Excellencies endearing them to him by many obliging circumstances and at last in Elegant Latin uses these words Hence it was that so soon as his Death was divulged amongst his Subjects they would comfort themselves in saying that the very Cocks which the Spaniards had brought over would not suffer the Name of so great a Person to perish or be forgotten lamenting in their dolefull tone the Name of Atahualpa and therefore they gave the Name of Atahualpa to all Cocks which word the Indians of all Nations vulgarly received as did also the Spaniards and Preachers take up that word when they would express the Name of a Cock to the Indians Thus far are the Words of Blas Valera who received this Relation in the Kingdom of Quitu from the Subjects of Atahualpa who were as well inclined to him as good Subjects are to their natural King And on the contrary such as lived in Cozco and were of a different faction interpreted the crowing of the Cock with Atahualpa in his voice to be by way of abhorrence and detestation of the many cruelties and tyrannies of which he was guilty By which I suppose that I have sufficiently now confuted the three former Conjectures and that I have clearly proved that there were no Cocks or Hens in Peru before the Conquest which the Spaniards made of it As the Spaniards brought Hens and Pigeons first into Peru so also they brought Peacocks thither from Mexico for before that time none of that kind had been seen in my Countrey It is a thing very remarkable that Hens did not hatch their Chickens in Cozco nor yet in the Vallies neighbouring to it though they fed them with the best nourishment they could contrive to give
Religion Nor were the Spaniards less surprized to see the Majesty of Cozco with the Grandeur and Riches of the Palaces and Temples which though much defaced and despoiled of their ancient beauty by reason of the late Wars between the Incas and the Imprisonment of Huascar yet they could not but much admire the excellent Architecture of the Royal Palaces which were built without those Instruments and Engines which are necessary for the erecting such mighty Fabricks But above all they were much pleased with the rare Pavements which were curiously in-layed with divers Figures on each side of the stream which runs for above a quarter of a League through the City and the multitude of people and the numbers of Merchants though the Commodities not many were so great as much pleased them to behold especially observing the gentile behaviour of the Nobles and the courtesie of the Commonalty who were all desirous to serve them and gain their favour and had it not been for the late Wars between the two Brothers all things would certainly have appeared in much more beauty and splendour But above all they much admired to see Crosses erected on the top of the high Pinnacles of their Temples and Palaces the which it seems were introduced from the time onely that Pedro de Candia being in Tumpiz charmed or made tame those wild Beasts which were let loose to devour him and which onely by virtue of the Cross which he held in his hand became gentle and domestick All which was recounted with such admiration by the Indians who carried the news of this Miracle unto Cozco that when the Inhabitants of the City had understood it they went immediately to their Sanctuary where a Cross of Jaspar-stone as clear as Chrystal remained as we have before mentioned which when they had brought forth they with loud Acclamations adored and worshipped it conceiving that though the Sign of the Cross had for many Ages been conserved by them in high esteem and veneration yet it was not entertained with such devotion as it deserved because they were not as yet acquainted with its virtues Wherefore now with stronger assurance believing that as the Sign of the Cross had tamed and shut the mouth of the wild Beasts so as that they could not hurt Pedro de Candia so also they imagined that it had a like power to deliver them out of the hands of these New-come Guests On which consideration having adored the Cross they erected several of them in their Temples and in the Royal Palaces like Tutelar Gods to defend their Kingdom from the violence of Enemies Whence it is to be noted that these Gentiles who were Idolaters did entirely and with an implicit faith devote themselves to the Cross and therewith to the belief of the whole Christian Doctrine before the Gospel was preached to them It is most certain that after the Death of Huayna Capac as we have mentioned at the end of his Reign the Indians remained in great fear and consternation apprehending that the time approached in which their Idolatrous Religion was to be at an end and therewith their Empire Greatness and Dominion was to expire And though many years past many Predictions were uttered of this nature by their Southsayers and Magicians the which were confirmed by their Oracles and divers Prodigies yet they were delivered in such obscure terms that nothing was clear or intelligible from thence untill such time as Huayna Capac by I know not what Spirit explained and interpreted those Prophecies with such clearness as evidently pointed at the coming of the Spaniards and the propagation of the Gospel declaring that the Empire of Peru was to end with his Life And this is the true reason why the Indians adored and worshipped the Spaniards for Gods with such humility and submission as we have declared being certainly assured that these were the people in whom the Prophecy of their King was to be accomplished Of all these matters Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco gave due intelligence to their Captain-General with farther information of the incredible Riches found in that City which were beyond all imagination as also of the kind treatment duty and respect which they had received from the Indians by virtue of that Edict and Command which Atahualpa had caused to be proclaimed in all parts of his Dominions in favour of the Spaniards In like manner the other four Spies or Discoverers which were sent into other parts dispatched their Informations of all things they had seen and which had happened to them All which news declaring the immense Riches and the adoration which was paid to their Companions the other Spaniards received with great joy and satisfaction But as to the Prophecies of Huayna Capac they esteemed them for no other than Witchcrafts and Sorceries of the Indians of which they made no account or esteem CHAP. XXXIII Of the Subtilty of Atahualpa and the Death of the King Huascar Inca. AUgustin de Carate having related the Discourse which Huascar Inca had entertained with Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco which was the same that we have already related and how they had left him in a sad and despairing condition he farther proceeds in the sixth Chapter of his second Book in this manner And so says he they proceeded on their Journey which was the cause of the Death of Huascar and the loss of all that Gold which he had promised for the Captains to whose Custody he was committed immediately gave intelligence to Atabaliba by the Post of all that had passed which when he had well considered and that if once the Injustice which he had done to his Brother should come to the knowledge of the Spanish Governour together with the Promises and Intimation which Huascar had given of a greater abundance of Gold than he could engage for he greatly feared that his offers would be so prevalent with the Christians whom he observed to be covetous and thirsty of Gold that they would not onely take the Kingdom from him and transfer it to his Brother but to free themselves from all other troubles of competition might also deprive him of his Life for which they had so just an occasion on the score of his Brother whose Kingdom he had traiterously usurped with the Death and Slaughter of all his Kindred for which reason he resolved to kill Huascar But in regard he feared to commit that Murther because he had heard the Christians frequently say that one of their principal Laws was That he who shed Man's Bloud by Man should his Bloud be spilt he therefore before he would enter upon this Attempt thought fit to try the Mind of the Spanish Governour in what manner he would be concerned for an Act of this nature To perform which with the more Subtilty and Dissimulation he seigned himself one day to be very sad and dejected weeping and sighing and refusing to eat or speak And though the Spanish Governour was very
for that fifth part which appertained to the King on account of the Ransome of Atahualpa the which Gold and Silver were as the first Fruits and as an earnest of that Treasure and Riches which they have already and are yet to carry from my Countrey to His Majesty The Silver as Augustin Carate reports was carried in pieces of massy Plate a Relation of which he gives in these Words They agreed said he to send Hernando Piçarro to give a Narrative to His Majesty of their prosperous Successes which had occurred untill that time but whereas as yet they could not make a just computation of what share His Majesty was to receive out of the Collections already made they took from their Heaps the value of two hundred thousand Pieces of Eight in Gold and twenty thousand Marks in Silver for which they chose the most fair and weighty Pieces of Plate for the better show and appearance in Spain All which were weighed out and the Jars Pans Figures of Men and Women and Sheep were all cast into the Scale to make up the full weight and value already mentioned With this Prize Hernando Piçarro embarked to the great grief of Atabaliba who had a great kindness for him and entertained such confidence in him that he freely communicated all his thoughts to him wherefore at his departure he said to him And do you go Captain I am troubled for it at my very heart for when you are gone I am sure that fat Fellow and that blind Rascal will soon make an end of me meaning Almagro who as we said before was blind of one Eye and Alonso Requelme His Majesty's Treasurer whom he had observed to murmur and quarrell about him on the occasion before related And so indeed it happened for no sooner was Hernando departed than that immediately they contrived his Death by means of their Interpreter Philipillio who was an Indian c. And Gomara confirms what we shall more at large hereafter relate That Hernando Piçarro carried the fifth part of what appertained to His Majesty on account of the Ransome of Atahualpa and he farther adds these Words The Truth of what passed is this Hernando Piçarro carried no more with him from Cassamarca than what is before mentioned but soon after his departure followed the Death of Atabaliba and then a Dividend was made of his Ransome untill which time his Execution was rather deferred than his Life granted or Freedom intended Afterwards sixty of these Adventurers returned into Spain having made a Division of their Spoils which amounted to forty or fifty thousand Pieces of Eight a Man besides the fifth which appertained to His Majesty These Persons departed after Hernando Piçarro and overtook him at Nombre de Dios where they embarked and returned altogether in company to Spain Thus we see how all Authours agree together in the same Relation of this matter Soon after the Departure of Hernando Piçarro Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco returned from Cozco giving a Report of the Riches which they had seen in that City as also in the Temples of the Sun and in the Palaces of the late Kings in the Fortress and in the Sanctuaries and private Cells where the Devil entertained Discourses with their Wizards Priests and others his Votaries all which places being esteemed sacred were adorned with Gold and Silver the like report was also brought by the other four Discoverers The Spaniards being highly pleased with this News were impatient untill they could take possession of these Treasures which that they might hasten with the more convenience and security they speedily determined the Death of Atahualpa to prevent the insurrections of the People that with the more ease and with the least opposition they might seize the Gold and Silver which was lodged in the Imperial City and in other parts Both the aforesaid Authours agree in all the material circumstances relating to the Death of Atahualpa wherefore we shall repeat the very Words of Lopez de Gomara specified in the 119th Chapter of his Book the Title of which is as followeth CHAP. XXXVI Of the Death of Atahualpa and how he was arraigned by Justice and upon the false Information and Testimony which was given against him THE Death of Atabaliba was forwarded by a means the least expected for Philipilio the Interpreter falling in love with one of the Wives of Atabaliba whom he intended to marry after he was dead raised a report that Atabaliba had secretly and under hand given order to raise Men whereby to overcome the Christians and free himself So soon as this report came to be spread and noised amongst the Spaniards their Jealousie created a Belief so that some cried out to have him killed for security of their own Lives and of those Kingdoms others were of opinion that they should not imbrue their Hands in the Bloud of so great a Prince though never so faulty but rather that they should send him to the Emperour This certainly had been the best course but the other prevailed by means as some report of that party which came with Almagro for they conceiving that no share of the Spoil would appertain unto them during the Life of Atabaliba and untill the conditions were complied with which according to Agreement were made for his ransome and Piçarro being also of opinion that his Death would free the Spaniards of much trouble and render the Conquest and Possession of the Countrey much more easie a resolution was taken by general consent to put him to Death In order to which that things might appear with a better face of Justice an Endictment was brought against him for the Murther of his Brother Huascar King of those Countries and for designing to raise War against the Spaniards though this last was a false and malitious suggestion of Philipillio who brought the Indians for Witnesses making them to say what he pleased and in regard the Spaniards understood not the Language whereby to cross examine the Witnesses all that Philipillio alledged passed for current and good Testimony howsoever Atabaliba stifly denied it saying That such an Accusation could have no ground of Reason in it considering that he remained under such Guards and Chains that it was impossible for him to make an escape wherefore he persisted in his Denial threatning Philipillio and desiring the Spaniards to give no credence to his Words After Sentence of Death was passed upon him he complained much of Francisco Piçarro for that having promised him his Life upon payment of the Ransome agreed he afterwards faltered with him and put him to Death Wherefore he earnestly intreated him rather to transport him into Spain than to imbrue his Hands in the Bloud of a Person who had never offended him but rather enriched him and done him good As they carried him to Execution those who attended to comfort him advised him to desire Baptism before he dyed for that without that they threatned to burn him alive Whereupon being
and softly with the people that were with him towards Cozco that so those who were in the rere might have time to come up and joyn with him before he entred the City The Countrey was by this time all in an uproar upon the confused report of the Death of the Marquis so that the Messengers sent to Arequepa and the Charcas met the people already on the way coming to joyn with Pedro Alvarez Holguin and accordingly the several Bodies being united their Numbers amounted unto almost two hundred Men. The news of their March being known at Cozco allarum'd the Almagrian Faction in such manner that about fifty of them fearing some rigorous punishment for their demerit stole secretly out of the Town by night and fled with intention to joyn with Don Diego but of this number there was not one person of Note or Quality amongst them Captain Nunno de Castro and Captain Hernando Bachicao having notice hereof pursued them with twenty Harquebusiers which beating up their Quarters in the Night by surprize took and brought them back again to the City without any hurt or other mischief In the mean time Alvarez Holguin with his Souldiers arrived at the City to whom also many principal persons of condition flocked from all parts and were received by the Corporation of the City with much joy and contentment After which their first business was to Elect a General for Alvarez Holguin having performed that charge hitherto was desirous to be dismissed from that Office In this point therefore was some diversity in Opinions which occasioned delay not that any Emulations or Parties obstructed the progress of affairs but the many persons which for their Quality and Abilities were deserving of that Honour caused the Election to be with more difficulty determined At length by the common consent of all those in the City the choice fell upon Pedro Alvarez Holguin who was accordingly sworn Captain-General and Chief Justiciary of Peru untill his Majesty's farther pleasure should be known therein The which Act was legally done for it was in the power of the Government of this City as the Head of the Empire to nominate a Chief with other Officers both Military and Civil whensoever the lawfull Magistrates should fail and the same so to continue untill his Majesty should confirm them or Commishonate others Gomez de Tordoya was appointed for Lieutenant-General Garçilasso de la Vega and Pedro de Ançures were made Captains of Horse Nunno de Castro and Hernando de Bachicao Captains of Foot and Martin de Robles was appointed Ensign to carry the Royal Standard Hereupon War was declared against Diego de Almagro and the Citizens of Cozco obliged themselves to make good unto his Majesty whatsoever Alvarez Holguin should expend in prosecution of this War out of the Royal Exchequer in case his Majesty should not allow the same To the performance of which not onely the Citizens of Cozco but the Inhabitants of Charcas and Arequepa did bind both their Persons and Estates and such was the chearfulness and affection towards his Majesty's Service that in a short time they composed a Body of three hundred and fifty all choice and select Men both Officers and Souldiers of which number there were about a hundred and fifty Horse a hundred Harquebusiers and the rest Pikemen In the mean time News came to Alvarez Holguin that Alonso de Alvarado had set up his Standard for the Emperour in the Chachapuyas which occasioned great joy because they greatly feared that all that Countrey from Rimac to Quitu was well affected to Almagro Much about the same time likewise intelligence came that Don Diego was marching towards Cozco with an Army of above eight hundred Men with intention to give them Battel which being considered at a Council of War it was agreed not to stay and expect his coming to Cozco but to march forth and joyn with Alonso de Alvarado and that passing by way of the Mountains and narrow places they might easily avoid the Engagement with Almagro untill they were better recruited and reinforced by such as were loyal and well-affected to their cause which as they were advised were coming to them from all parts by secret ways of Woods and Mountains With this resolution they departed from Cozco leaving such behind as were useless and not fit for service and that the City might still keep a face of being theirs Officers were appointed to maintain the Government and distribute Justice In their March they used all due caution sending their Scouts before to discover the Enemy resolving to avoid fighting with Almagro unless they could surprize him with advantage In the mean time whilst things were thus ordered in Cozco Almagro and his Complices were not idle or negligent in the City of los Reyes where they received secret intelligence of all that passed at Cozco and how they intended to march by way of the Mountains to joyn with Alonso de Alvarado and with his to strengthen their Forces which as yet were not sufficient to give him Battel Upon these Advices Almagro with concurrence of his Captains resolved to meet them and in order thereunto he recalled Captain Garçia de Alvarado who was busily employed along the Coast of Truxillo levying Men and providing Horses and Arms for this service And though he intended to have fallen upon Alonso de Alvarado who was then in Chachapuyas because he believed himself to have an advantage in his numbers yet having been re-manded by Orders from Almagro he obeyed them and relinquished his design Garçia de Alvarado being returned Almagro departed from los Reyes and marched towards Cozco with intention to fight Alvarez Holguin the force of Almagro consisted of three hundred Horse well appointed of an hundred and twenty Harquebusiers and about a hundred and sixty Pikemen which being almost six hundred were all choice and approved Men amongst which there were many Persons of great Quality and rich whom Almagro had seized when he killed the Marquis And lest after his departure any party should make an Insurrection against him and serve him as those who were Enemies to his Father had done to him he took Order to send all the Children of the Marquis and of Gonzalo Piçarro out of the Countrey And now first to find out whether the Marquis had left any secret Treasure not discovered he put the Question to Antonio Picado Secretary to the Marquis upon the Rack and not being able to extort any thing from him he sent him to the Gallows and hanged him up and so he paid the Medal with his own Coin which he had stamped for the Faction of Chili After which he marched towards Cozco keeping in his way due martial Discipline and Order with much severity where we shall leave both him and Alvarez Holguin to render an account of what his Imperial Majesty ordained in Spain after he had understood the great Commotions which had happened in Peru untill the Death of Don Diego de Almagro
which was no sooner done but it was divulged over all the City as Carate reports whose authority we rather follow in these passages than any other because he was present at these transactions and thereupon the Citizens and other persons who were inclined and secretly well-affected to the Cause of Gonçalo Piçarro and his Party did really imagine that in case he were deserted by Gaspar Rodriguez and his Accomplices it would strike so great a damp to Gonçalo Piçarro and his Souldiers as would cause them to disperse and break up their Camp as despairing of their design and then the Vice-king would remain triumphant to execute his new Laws without any contradiction or restraint upon him to prevent which some of the Citizens and Souldiers resolved amongst themselves to send a party of light Horse after him hoping speedily to overtake him It was in the month of September 1544 when Loaysa with one person onely in his company called Hernando de Cavallos left the Town and the next night afterwards was pursued by twenty five light Horsemen the principal of which were Don Baltasar de Castilla the Son of Count Gomera Lorenço Mexia Rodrigo de Salazar well known for his crouch-back and was the person famous for taking Don Diego de Almagro Junior in Cozco there were also with them Diego de Carvajal surnamed the Gallant and Francisco de Escobedo Francisco de Carvacal Pedro Martin de Cicilia alias Pedro Martin de Don Benito with others to the number of twenty five all which company together travailed with so much expedition and diligence that in less than fourty Leagues distance from Los Reyes they overtook Loaysa and took all his papers and dispatches from him and sent them away by a Souldier who crossing the Countrey came by a shorter cut than the common road to the Camp of Piçarro and acquainted him with the whole matter who at first secretly communicated it to Francisco de Carvajal who was lately made his Major General in the place of Alonso de Poro who was fallen sick then he imparted it to other Captains and Persons of quality who were not privy nor concerned in the Confederacy and having considered of the matter amongst themselves they all generally agreed some from a principle of particular enmity others from envy others from covetousness fearing to lose their Indians and their Possessions that it was necessary for example unto others and to deter them from the like perfidiousness to punish this act of Treachery with the greatest severity and accordingly it was concluded amongst those who were unconcerned in this safe Conduct and Pardon to kill Gaspar de Rojas Philip de Gutierez the son of Alonso de Gutierez who was Treasurer to his Majesty and born at Madrid and also Arias Maldonado a Gentleman of Galicia who with Philip Gutierez had loitered two or three days Journey behind in Guamanga upon pretence of certain businesses to be done there in order to their Journey but during their stay at that place Gonçalo Piçarro dispeeded Pedro de Puelles with a party of Horse to take off their Heads but the execution of Gaspar Rodriguez was more difficult for he was then a Captain in the Field and actually at the head of almost two hundred Lances and being a person very rich of great interest and very popular they could not act their design publickly upon him and therefore they had recourse to this Strategeme Gonçalo Piçarro commanded an hundred and fifty Harquebusiers of Captain Cermenno's Company to be in a readiness and having given out to each of them private Arms and placed the Artillery in good order he called the Captains to come to him telling them that he had certain advices which he had lately received from Los Reyes to communicate to them And being all come and amongst the rest Gaspar Rodriguez Gonçalo Piçarro stept out of his Tent which was well guarded with Cannon and pretending as it were some other business in the mean time the Major-General Carvajal comes to Gaspar Rodriguez and laying his hand on the hilt of his Sword drew it out of the Scabbard advising him to call for a Priest and confess for that he was to die immediately Gaspar Rodriguez resisted a while pretending to be innocent and to clear himself of those accusations which were against him but that would not serve his turn for immediately they cut off his head The execution of these men terrified the whole Camp and more particularly those who were conscious to themselves of being Complices in the same Action for which those were put to death and these acts of severity were the more affrighting because they were the first which Gonçalo Piçarro had committed since the usurpation of his tyrannical Power Some few days afterwards Don Baltasar and his Comrades came to the Camp bringing Baltasar de Loaysa and Hernando Cavallos as we have said Prisoners but the day before he knew that they were to enter into the Camp he sent his Major General Carvajal before him with orders that wheresoever he met them he should put them to death but such was the good fortune of Loaysa and Cavallos that they mistaking their way the Major General was disappointed of his prize and the Prisoners were brought to the Camp where so many intercessours appeared in favour of the two Delinquents that Loaysa was released and sent away without any provision made for him but Hernando de Cavallos was continued and carried away with the rest of the Army Thus far is the account given by Carate in the fifth Book and the eleventh Chapter In fine they killed Gaspar Rodriguez and his Accomplices whose death was hastened and occasioned by their applications to the Vice-king for a Pardon and a safe Conduct which he and his adherents demanded for safety of their lives as Gomara confirms in the 164th Chapter of his Book The Vice-king's Pardon and a safe Conduct was general for all Piçarro Francisco de Carvajal Benito de Carvajal and some few others onely excepted at which Piçarro and his Major-General were so much offended that they immediately hanged up Gaspar Rodriguez Philip Gutierez with the rest which are the words of Gomara In this manner this poor Gentleman Gaspar Rodriguez de Campo Rotondo ended his days for being of an unquiet spirit he was neither well with those who were called Tyrants and Rebels nor with those who were esteemed for Loyalists CHAP. XIII Of the Death of Agent Yllen Suarez de Carvajal and of the great mutiny and disturbance he caused in Peru. DUring all these troubles and slaughters in the Camp of Gonçalo Piçarro there happened an accident sad and tragical in the City of Los Reyes which Gomara in the 159th Chapter of his Book relates to have been in this manner Lewis Garcia San Manes who was Postmaster in Xauxa brought certain Letters which were wrote in Cyphers by Benito de Carvajal to the Agent Yllen Suarez his Brother the Vice-king presently took a jealousie upon the
countenance he could upon the matter and made them a short Speech in this manner That Successes of this nature were usual and common over all the world and were incident to War and that these things were intended for the good of God's People who were to give thanks to his Divine Majesty for having granted to Piçarro a Victory with intent to bring greater mischiefs on his head and that having filled up the measure of his iniquity his ruine and downfall would be the greater And to obtain this great blessing he advised every Officer to be vigilant and diligent in his station and to order and dispose all things in such a method and readiness as might enable them to contend with such an Enemy He added farther that there was no need for him to move and incite Cavaliers so well experienced in War as they were to actions of bravery and to martial exploits for that he was to follow their example and take their counsel and advice in matters of greatest importance In fine he told them that he was well assured that they would direct every thing in the best manner to the Service of his Majesty who would gratifie their fidelity with rewards agreeable to their merits and make them Lords of that whole Empire Having ended this Discourse he ordered the Mareschal Alonso de Alvarado to go to Rimac to bring thence the Forces which remained there as also the Guns from the Ships and other Ammunition which came from Spain together with what Money Arms and Horses and other provisions for War which he could find at that place He farther ordered that all Artificers and other Workmen should act and labour with all diligence in their several employments namely in making Musquets and Fire-arms Gun-powder Bullets Pikes Helmets Croslets c. all which the Indians made of Copper with great ingenuity and the Artificers applied themselves thereunto with great alacrity and Art being chief Masters and excellent Workmen in their respective Trades Likewise Captain Alonso Mercadillo was dispatched away to Huamanca and after him Martin Lope Lusâ—aâ—â— with fifty men to seise the passage towards Cozco and succour such of Centeno's men who were wandring and dispersed in those parts And here we shall leave the President in his preparations to speak of Gonçalo Piçarro whom we left in the field of Huarina where that famous Battel happened CHAP. XXVII Licenciado Cepeda and others advise Piçarro to make an Agreement and Peace with the President His Answer thereunto The death of Hernando Bachicao Piçarro makes his entry into Cozco GOncalo Piçarro having performed the last office to the dead he resolved to march towards Cozco but he was forced to defer it for several days by reason of the wounded men who were not in a condition to travel and at length they marched very easie and short Journies whilst they were thus on their way Licenciado Cepeda put Piçarro in mind of a promise he had made him some days past to enter into a Treaty with the President Gasca whensoever any seasonable and convenient opportunity should happen which might induce the President to admit of some fair and moderate terms of this opinion with Cepeda there being divers others the matter was debated at a general Council of Officers who for the greatest part were inclinable to peace and accommodation and urged Piçarro so earnestly thereunto that he became very angry and displeased with their importunities as is confirmed by Gomara Chap. 183. in these words In Pucaran some hard words passed between Piçarro and Cepeda touching a Treaty with Gasca for Cepeda urged that it was very seasonable to enter into Articles and put him in mind of his promise given him at Arequepa but Piçarro being carried away with the opinion of others and the air of his late fortune denied that the time was convenient for that propositions for peace would argue weakness and fear which would cause many to leave their Colours and fly to the Enemy and discourage those Friends who were then actually with Gasca of those who were of the opinion of Cepeda Garçilasso de Vega was one Thus far Gomara But Piçarro rejected this Counsel which was good and wholsome and took that which was given him by young and raâ—â— men such as John de Acosta Hernando Bachicao John de la Torre and others who being puffed up with their late success at the Battel of Huanina thought themselves invincible and would hearken to no Proposals or Articles less than an entire surrender to them of the whole Empire of Peru. Two days after this Consultation the Lieutenant-General Francisco de Carvajal returned from his Journey to Arequepa and two days afterwards he hanged up Hernando Bachicao for having at the Battel of Huarina passed over to the Enemy's side And though Carvajal was not ignorant of this fact on the same day when it was done yet he deferred this punishment untill a fitter season not thinking it fit to interrupt the joy of that signal Victory by the sadness which the death of so ancient a Captain and so zealous for the cause as was Hernando Bachicao would cause At length after a long Journey caused by short marches for the sake of these who were wounded Piçarro and his Souldiers arrived at Cozco Captain John de la Torre had prepared to make for him a solemn entry under triumphal Arches which he had erected over the Streets and adorned them with Flowers of various colours after the Indian manner in the times of their Incaes The first that led the way were the Infantry with their Banners displayed marching three by three in a Rank every Captain at the head of his Company then followed the Horse in the like order after which and that the Souldiers were lodged in their quarters followed Piçarro himself attended onely by his own Servants and the Inhabitants who accompanied him for he thought it not convenient to be introduced by his Souldiers lest it should seem as if he gloried in an entire Victory over his Enemies and made a Triumph before Conquest As he entred all the Bells of the Cathedral and Convents were rang out and the Indians of the City being drawn up in the Streets and publick places of the City gave loud acclamations as he passed calling him Inca and giving him those other titles of Majesty which they used to bestow on their own natural Kings in days of triumph the which was performed by order and direction of John de la Torre The Trumpets also sounded with Violins and other Instruments of Musick in which Piçarro much delighted and had excellent good of that kind The first place he entred was the Church of our Lady of the Merceds where he adored the most Holy Sacrament and the Image of the Virgin his Mother and our Lady From thence he walked on foot to his Lodging which was provided for him at the House of one of his chief Officers called Alonso de Toro which is situate over against
to the Souldiers by whom he was desirous to be esteemed a Favourer of their pretensions and reasons of complaint as will appear by the Answer he gave at his return to the Judge Cianca when he was brought before him For in excuse he alledged that he absented himself from the City that the Souldiers might not engage him in the Mutinies they intended and force him to be their General Upon which Allegation the Judge committed him to prison in the House of John de Saavedra who was one of the principal Citizens of Cozco and having made Process against him he remitted him to the farther censure of the President and suffered him to go upon his paroll and upon Oath taken that he would proceed directly and present himself before his Superiours Accordingly Hernandez went to the City of Los Reyes but was detained three months on the way because the President at first would not see him nor give him admittance into the City untill at length he received licence and the favour to kiss the President 's hand some days after which the President being desirous to comply with his Martial Spirit and to clear the Kingdom of a sort of insolent and mutinous Souldiers conferred the honour of a Commission on him impouring him to make a Conquest of the Chunâ—hus with the Title of Governour and Captain General of all that Countrey which he should conquer at his own cost and hazard excepting out of his Commission those Frontiers which bordered on his Conquest namely Cuzco the City of La Paz and the City of Plate Francisco Hernandez was much pleased with his Commission intending thereby to gain an opportunity to rebell against his Majesty which had been long in his mind and which he at length put in execution as we shall find by the sequel and in order thereunto he remained in Rimac untill such time as the President embarked for Spain as shall be declared hereafter During the time that the President was employed in the Valley of Apurimac in sharing unto every man his proportion and lot the Judge Cianca received intelligence that the Licençiado Polo who was sent to be Judge in the Charcas had taken Francisco de Espinosa and Diego de Carvajal the Gallant and sent them prisoners who were the two persons employed by Gonçalo Piçarro in Arequepa and the Charcas after the Battel of Huarina and there committed those disorders which we formerly mentioned but these men before they came to Cozco wrote a Letter to Diego Centeno intreating him to intercede for them and at least obtained so far a remission of their Crimes as might not extend unto life but unto banishment out of the Kingdom In answer hereunto Centeno replyed That he should gladly comply with their request in case the enormity of their Crimes were capable of so much mercy and could admit of excuse and alleviation before the Lords the Justices but since they had been so cruel as to burn seven Indians alive without any cause or provocation he feared that the Gate was shut to all mercy nor durst any Man appear with arguments of intercession in a cause so vile and dark as theirs Some few days after this Answer was given these Offenders were brought to Cozco where they were hanged and quartered and their Quarters disposed in several ways to the great satisfaction both of Indians and Spaniards who rejoiced to see a Cruelty so justly revenged CHAP. V. The Government of Chile is given to Pedro de Valdivia The Articles which his own People prefer against him and by what means he is freed by the President AMongst the many great Divisions and Distributions made by the President Gasca in the Valley of Apurimac the Government of the Kingdom of Chile was conferred on Pedro de Valdivia with Title of Governour and Captain General of that great Kingdom containing five hundred leagues in length and moreover he received a full Commission to divide the Countrey amongst the Adventurers and such as had deserved well of the Crown The benefit of which Commission Pedro de Valdivia enjoyed a long time with great prosperity and affluence of fortune untill his Riches became his snare and were the cause of his ruine together with a hundred and fifty Spanish Gentlemen more who were all slain with him as we have already related in the first part of this History in the Life of Inca Yupanqui and have there anticipated this Story which was memorable and worthy observation and inserted it out of its due place in regard the Successes of that Kingdom were impertinent to our purpose but the present passages belonging to the Dominion of Peru fall within the verge of our History and are the proper subject of our Discourse of which Diego Hernandez a Citizen of Palencia gives this account in one of his Chapters the Title of which is this That by the same humane Laws some men may be condemned and put to death and others guilty of the same Crime may be freed and acquitted The same Authour hath another Chapter number 94. the Title of which is this In what manner the President sent to take Pedro de Valdivia The Articles which the People of Chile preferred against him and in what manner the President brought him off It hath been already mentioned in this History how Pedro de Valdivia came out of Chile and how afterwards the President made him Commander of the Provinces he should conquer And to prepare himself for that undertaking Valdivia went from Câ—zco to the City of Los Reyes with intent to furnish himself there with all necessaries and what might be required for that Conquest And having raised his men of which some were of those who had been banished out of Peru and others condemned to the Gallies for having been concerned in the late Rebellion and having provided all other matters he caused them to embarque on some Ships which set sail from the Collao of Lima but Pedro de Valdivia went himself by Land to Arequepa And whereas at this time several Complaints were brought against him to the President accusing him to have carried with him several condemned persons and that many outrages were committed on the way by People who had his command and authority so to doe Orders were sent to Pedro de Hinojosa to intercept him in his way and by some dexterous management to bring him back to the President Pedro de Hinojosa accordingly met him and asked him civilly whether he would not return again to give satisfaction to the President for what was alledged against him which Valdivia refusing to doe Hinojosa accompanied him in a friendly manner for a whole day's journey when watching his opportunity he seised upon him with six Musquetiers and brought him back to the President by which time several of the Plaintiffs from whom Valdivia had taken the Gold as before mentioned were come from Chile and had preferred Articles in writing against him wherein they accused him for having taken the Gold
with relation to Indians who were in vassallage to them Eight days after he had taken the Chair of his Office he again renewed his Possession of the Empire in the Name of King Philip the Second to whom the Emperour Charles the Fifth had resigned the Kingdoms and Signories which appertained to him what Motives he had to make this resignation is not known but it is believed that his want of Health and indisposition of Body were the cause and that the weight of Affairs of State were too burdensome in that feeble condition This exchange of Government under the names of two different Kings was attended with all the State and solemn attendance that was required the persons present were the Vice-King the Judges of the Bench all the Officers Ecclesiastical and Civil Don Jeronimo de Loaysa Arch-Bishop of Los Reyes all the Friers of the several Convents then in that City which were four namely that of our Lady of the Merceds St. Francis St. Dominick and St. Augustine The Ceremony in the Parade and Streets being over they went to the Cathedral Church where the Arch-bishop in his Pontifical Habit celebrated High Mass. The same passed in all the other Cities of that Empire every one shewing the great satisfaction and contentment he received on occasion of that Solemnity which was celebrated with the Feast of Bulls and throwing darts and endeavouring to out-vie each other in Gallantry and richness of their Liveries which is still the common vanity of that Country The Vice-King Don Andres Hurtado de Mendoça having taken possession of the Government dispatched new Officers and Governours to the several Jurisdictions of Peru Amongst which a certain Lawyer a Native of Cuenca called Baptisto Munnoz whom the Vice-King brought with him was sent to Cozco Altamirano one of his Majesties Justices who had refused to follow his Majesties Army and Standard into the Field was made Governour of the City of Plate others were dispeeded with Commissions to the Cities of Huamanca Arequepa and de la Paz where many things passed of great importance We shall give an account of some of them in the following Chapter CHAP. V. The Orders which the Vice-King issued forth to prevent Mutlnies and Insurrections Thomas Vazquez Piedrahita and Alonso Diaz are put to death for having been engaged in the Rebellion of Hernandez Giron PAlentino in the second Chapter of his third part saith that so soon as the Vice-King entered into the City of Los Reyes that he set Guards and Centinels on all the ways leading to the several Cities of the Empire with orders to examine carefully all passengers as well Indians and Spaniards and to take from them what Papers and Letters they carried with them so as to discover what Plots and Conspiracies were then contriving against the Government All which are the words of this Author as is that also which follows the truth of which I can my self avouch having been an eye witness of many passages thereof The Vice-King gave Order that no Spaniard whatsoever should travel without a particular License or Pass under the hand of some Justice of the Peace belonging to the parts where he lived in which Pass or License the reasons were to be specifyed and the Business or Occasions which caused the Party to travel And particularly care was taken that no Spaniard upon pretence of coming to the City to any Festival should be permitted to pass Tho' for the present this Order had little effect in regard that before it could be published multitudes of People had crouded to the City to partake in the common joy which was evidenced at the reception of this Vice-King He commanded that all the Cannon and Arms found in the City should be taken up and conserved in a common Magazine all which was ordered to prevent Conspiracies and disturbances which had been caused by former Rebellions but the Country had been so lately wearied and harassed by Civil Wars that there was no thoughts amongst the people tending to a ruine from whence they had so newly escaped And now let us leave the Vice-King for a time to discourse of the Governours which he had sent to Cozco and to the Charcas The Lawyer Munnoz approaching to the City of Cozco with Commission of Governour was met and received by my Father Garçilasso who so soon as he was entered within the Priviledges and Jurisdiction of the City delivered the White Rod of Justice into his hand which when he had received the first question he made him was how much the Fee was for setting his Hand or Firm to any Writing To which he made answer that he knew not having never demanded such a Fee or Duty No said the Lawyer that is strange for Justices ought not to lose their right of what nature so ever tho' never so inconsiderable The standers by wondred much at this Dialogue to which some made answer that 't was not strange for men who came from Spain with no other intent than to gain what they could with a good Conscence to know the utmost value of their Office above the Income of their Salary So soon as the Governour had received the Rod of his Authority and made his Pursuivants he employed two of them upon a Service without the City one he sent to apprehend Thomas Vazquez and the other Piedrahita both which in 5 or 6 days being brought Prisoners to Cozco were committed to the publick Prison Their Friends and Relations offered to give bayl for them and to bind themselves in considerable Bonds for their good behaviour and that they should not go forth beyond the Precincts of the City supposing that the seizure made of their Persons was to the end that they might be consined within the Walls of the City and not permitted to ramble abroad in the Countries amongst their Indians and other People My Father offered to become Bayl for one of them but he was answered that the Commission and instructions which this Governour brought was much different to what they imagined for had their consinement to the City been only designed there would not have needed all the formality used in sending for them by Officers and committing them to Prison The truth is the issue was according to what Francisco Hernandez had formerly presaged and as we have before intimated for the next morning they were found dead in the Prison having been there strangled notwithstanding their Pardons which they had sued forth from the Royal Court of Chancery Their Plantations and Lordships over Indians were all confiscated That belonging to Thomas Vazquez which was one of the best Mannors or Lordships near the City was conferred by the Vice-King on Rodrigo d' Esqueval a Native of Seville who had some small Estate but with this addition he was made great and considerable In like manner the Estate of Piedrahita was disposed and forfeited as was that of Alonso Diaz whom they likewise put to death besides which Executions there were no
fears to which it was subjected by the Seditions and Mutinies of a company of rash and rebellious Souldiers the Vice-King bended his thoughts towards publick Edifices and to matters of good Government And at leisure hours he passed his time in honest Pleasures and innocent Recreations And herein he was much diverted by an Indian Boy of about 14 or 15 years of Age who pretended to be a Jester and of a very facetious and pleasant Humour He was presented to the Vice-King who took great delight to hear him talk and utter his little impertinencies part in the Indian and part in a corrupted Spanish Tongue and particularly when he would say your Excellency he would say your Pestilency which made the Vice-King laugh heartily and some then in Company who joyned in laughter with him would say that that Title was more corresponding to him than the other if it were rightly considered how great a Plague and Pestilence he had been to those whom he had killed and to their Children whose Estates he had confiscated and to those whom he banished out of Peru and sent them into Spain Poor Naked and Forlorn whom it had been a Mercy to have killed rather than to have treated in that inhumane manner And with such reflections as these evil-Tongues aspersed all the actions of the Vice-King as if Rigour and Severity were not agreeable to the Nature and Constitutions of the People of Peru. Amidst these various Revolutions of good and bad Fortune within this Kingdom the Marshal Alonso de Alvarado after a long and tedious Sickness contracted by Grief and Melancholly dyed For after the defeat which he received at the Battel of Chuquinca he scarcely enjoyed an hour of contentment but pined and macerated away till the Lamp of his Life was totally extinguished And because the manner of his Death was something extraordinary 't will not be impertinent to recount it in this place which was thus When he was in his last Agony of death and ready to give up the Ghost they removed him out of his Bed and laid him upon a Carpet in the same Chamber and by him a Cross made in Ashes according to the Custom of the Knights of St. Jago or St. James And having layen a short time upon the Carpet he seemed to revive and come to himself so that they returned him again to his Bed where after a short time falling into a like fit his Attendants laid him out on the Carpet in the same manner as before and then coming out of his Leipothymy and seeming better was again laid into his Bed and so between the Carpet and the Bed he continued for the space of forty days to the great labour and trouble of his Servants until at length he breathed his last A short time afterwards his eldest Son dyed by whose decease the Estate which descended to him from his Father came to devolve to the Crown But his Majesty considering the great Services which the Marshal had done was pleased to continue it to his second Son which was a favour granted to very few in that Empire The death of Don Alonso de Alvarado was seconded by that of John Julio de Hojeda a Noble person and one of the Ancient Conquerours and one of the Prime Citizens and of the first Rank in Cozco He was married to Donna Leonora de Tordoya Niece to Garçilasso de la Vega being Daughter to his Eldest Brother by whom he had Don Gomez de Tordoya who was Heir to his Estate Some few Months afterwards dyed my Lord and Father Garçilasso de la Vega after a long sickness of two years and a half with several intervals and changes For seeming once perfectly cured he mounted on horse-back and went into the City as one in good and sound health and thus continuing for the space of three or four Months his illness returned upon him again and confined him for as long a time to his Chamber where he remained until the time of his Decease and according to his last Will and Testament he was buried in the Convent of St. Francis. In those days it was the Custom to make very solemn Funerals carrying the Corps three times round the Parade or publick place and for every turn which was made a high Pedestal was raised whereon to repose the Body whilst the Responses were singing and then another stand was erected in the Church whereon to lay the Corps during the time whilst they celebrated the Office for the Dead But in regard that before all these Ceremonies could be performed it was tedious and troublesome to the Priest and People It was ordered by Garçilasso that the former punctillio's should be omitted and that his Body should be laid on a Carpet with a black Cloth over it without Pedestals or Stands which were troublesome and chargeable to erect which being accordingly observed as he had directed All others following the same Example to the great ease of the People When I was arrived in Spain I there received a Bolle from his Holiness giving License to take up the Bones of my Father and transport them into Spain which accordingly was performed and his Reliques brought over to him which I deposited in the Church of St. Isidoro in Sevile where they now remain buried to the Glory and Honour of our Lord God whose mercy be upon us Amen This Mortality was a year afterwards followed by the death of Lorenço de Aldana after a long and grievous sickness he never had been married nor ever had any natural Sons By his last Will and Testament he left his Lands to his Heir that therewith he might be enabled to pay such Fines and Taxes and Tributes which should afterwards be laid upon them He was a very Noble and Generous person and one of the second Adventurers who entered into Peru with Don Pedro de Alvarado Some short time after the War of Conçalo Piçarro was ended two young Gentlemen of his Kindred tho' not very nearly allyed came over to him in that Country whom he kindly received and treated as if they had been his own Sons At the end of three years that these young Men had been with him he thought it fit to put them into some way of livelyhood and in order thereunto he gave them a Stock and sent them to his Steward to teach them how and in what manner they might employ and improve it for according to the Custom of that Country whilst there was no War nor Expeditions on new Discoveries it was no disparagement to a Gentleman to trade and seek ways of gain rather than to sit idle and without business And so he gave them ten thousand pieces of Eight which are twelve thousand Ducats advising them that it was their Stock which with good husbandry they might increase to a considerable benefit and which he believed they would have received kindly from him and with thanks but these young Sparks scornfully rejected the Offer and told him That it
presuming that such Foundlings are honestly and lawfully begotten do own them capable of being admitted into Ecclesiastical Orders and to the Degrees of a Prelate And whereas Gomara alledges that common report made him the Son of a Priest it is very false and a calumny raised by malitious and virulent tongues which having nothing whereby to obscure and disgrace the lustre and glory of his Actions have cast this blemish on his Birth without any colour or appearance of truth Those Sons whose Fathers are not known are ennobled by their own Merits and Vertue especially being of that lustre as were the great Actions of this General and Governour Don Diego de Almagro which have legitimated his Birth and added Nobility to his Family To what end do Sons boast of the Atchievements of their Ancestours who blemish and obscure their great Actions by their own Vices for Nobility is the Parent of Virtue and is supported by it So that we may truly say that Almagro was the Son of Noble Parents for so his Actions declare him and so great Exploits have always made the Princes of this World rich and powerfull the truth of which hath been proved at large by what hath preceded In fine therefore as we have said this great Hero was strangled in Prison which was sufficient to have made an end of him but to affect the minds of those who saw him with greater compassion and sorrow his Body was brought forth into the Market-place and his Throat cut there he had passed the Age of seventy five years and his Health was so broken and infirm that had they not hastned his Death he could not have lived much longer It is said that his Enemies to shew their great abhorrence and detestation of him had killed him twice The Executioner in privilege of his Office and as his Fees stripped him of his Cloaths and would also have taken his Shirt had it been suffered And in this condition he lay exposed in the Market-place the greatest part of the day neither friend or enemy daring to dispose otherwise of his Corpse for his friends who were vanquished and in custody could not doe it and his enemies though touched with some sense of grief and compassion durst not adventure upon an Action which might administer occasion of publick scandal Whence we may see the falseness of this World and how ill it rewards the worthy Actions of deserving Men. At length towards the Evening a poor Negro who had been the Slave of the deceased came and brought a course Sheet which was his own or which he had begged and with the help of some Indians who had been the Servants of Almagro they wrapped the Body therein and carried it to be enterred in the Church of the Merceds where the Friars according to their accustomary Acts of Charity buried it with many Tears in a Chapel which is under the High Altar Thus ended that Great Don Diego de Almagro who hath left nothing more Memorable of his Life than his great Actions and of his Death than grief and lamentations for it the which as it was a fore-runner of the like fate of the Marquis Piçarro so the manner of his Death was agreeable thereunto and may therewith be compared in all the circumstances thereof as will appear by that which follows that so these two Companions who had an equal share in the Conquest and Government of this great and rich Empire of Peru may also be equalized in the manner of their Deaths CHAP. XL. Who those Captains were that were employed on the New Conquests the Arrival of Hernando Piçarro in Spain and his long Imprisonment there SO soon as Hernando Piçarro had taken Almagro Prisoner he immediately employed many of his Captains in new Conquests both that thereby he might free himself from their importunities who were in expectation of great and mighty rewards for their services and might also secure his own Person from suspicion and jealousies which his Enemies were contriving and plotting against him Pedro de Valdivia was sent Commander in Chief with a considerable Force to the Conquest of Chili which was begun but left imperfect by Almagro the success of which with his prosperous and unhappy fortune we have formerly declared in the Life of Inca Yupanqui the tenth King of Peru. Francisco de Villagra with whom I was acquainted went in company with him as did also Alonso de Montroy Captain Francisco de Olmos with whom went Garçilasso de la Vega was sent to the Bay of St. Matthew Of whose Conquest and Successes Gomara speaks in the 143d Chapter as follows Gomez de Alvarado was employed in the Conquest of the Province of Guanucu Francisco de Chaves was sent to suppress the Conchucos who much infelted the Inhabitants about Trugillo and in their Army carried an Idol to which they sacrificed the spoils of their Enemies and the bloud of Christians Pera de Vergara marched against the Bracamoros which is a Countrey that to the Northward joins to the Countrey of Quitu Perez de Vergara went to the Chachapoyas and Alonso de Mercadillo to Mullubamba but Pedro de Candia went to the Highlands of Collao into which by reason of the difficulty and badness of the Countrey he could make no great progress and besides his people fell into a Mutiny who were for the most part friends of Almagro as was also Mesa Captain of the Artillery to Piçarro For which reason Fernando went to them and having accused Mesa of Mutiny and with Scandalous Words against the Piçarros and with a Plot to have set Almagro at liberty in case he had been carried to the Marquis at los Reyes all which having been proved against him he put him to Death The three hundred Men which belonged to Pedro de Candia he gave to Perançures and sent him forward to the Conquest of that Countrey In this manner all the Spaniards were employed and in a very short time enlarged their Conquest at least three hundred Leagues in length from East to West though with the death and loss of Multitudes of people Fernando and Gonçalo Piçarro subdued the Collao which is a Countrey wherein Gold so much abounds that they Wainscoat the in-sides of their Chapels and Chambers with Plates of Gold and therein is a sort of Sheep which have some resemblance of a Camel and something of a Deer Thus far Gomara who farther on in the same Chapter adds Fernando Piçarro saith he returned to Cozco where he met with Francisco Piçarro whom he had not seen since the Imprisonment of Almagro After they had entertained discourse for several Days concerning the matters lately past and what was farther to be done in order to the Government It was determined that Fernando should go into Spain to render a true information unto the Emperour of all matters which had passed and to carry with him the Fifths of all which belonged to his Majesty with an account of the Revenue as it was lately
augmented Many of his friends who knew the true state of matters and how ill the Death of Almagro would be resented by the Emperour dissuaded Fernando from this intention especially since Diego de Alvarado was then residing at the Court and ready to accuse him saying That this matter would be better negotiated at a distance than upon the place Howsoever Fernando would not hearken thereunto being of a contrary opinion that he had greatly deserved of the Emperour for his many Services and for having by way of Justice cleared the Countrey of those turbulent Spirits who were Disturbers of the Peace At his departure he advised his Brother Francisco not to repose confidence in any of the Almagrians especially those who were gone into Chili whom he had found to be constant and affectionate to the Memory of Almagro And he farther counselled him not to permit them to Cabal for by experience he had found that five onely of them being together were plotting in what manner to kill him At length being departed he came to Spain and appeared at the Court with a great Equipage and Riches but it was not long before they carried him from Valladolid to the Prison of Medina de Campo from whence as yet he is not freed And herewith Gomara ends that Chapter For the better understanding of which we are to know That though Gonçalo de Mesa had served Hernando Piçarro in Quality of Captain of the Artillery yet he with many others was much discontented because he looked upon himself as ill rewarded for his former Services and that when he expected to have been sent Commander in Chief he was then employed Under-Captain to Pedro de Candia Wherefore finding himself in this manner slighted without any place of Honour or Advantage he began to speak ill of Hernando Piçarro and to threaten that he would set Almagro at liberty whensoever they brought him forth to carry him to los Reyes All which he declared openly and without any consideration of the danger he incurred of his life he assembled his friends and formed a party for Almagro in which he found many that were ready to comply So soon as Hernando Piçarro was informed hereof he immediately with all diligence went to the Collao but Mesa was not then Quartered there being newly returned with Pedro de Candia from the Frontiers and was then at Mussus which lyes Eastward from Collao a Countrey very Mountainous and full of deep Rivers as we have described at large in the Life of the King Inca Yupanqui The Spaniards by reason of these impediments not having been able to make their Conquests were returned from Collao when Hernando met them and put Gonzalo de Mesa to Death and cashiering Pedro de Candia from his Command he bestowed it on a certain Gentleman called Peranzures de Campo Redondo who afterwards made an entrance into that Countrey and did more than any that went before him howsoever the ways and passages were so difficult that all his labours and endeavours proved vain and fruitless Pedro de Candia esteeming himself affronted and agrieved hereby being troubled to be deprived of his Command concealed the anger hereof in his breast untill such time as an opportunity presented that he might declare for the Almagrians the success whereof was fatal to him as we shall see hereafter For Pedro de Candia could not so well dissemble his resentments but that they were visible to Hernando and appeared in his countenance for though the Tongue be silent yet the Face commonly discovers the grief or the delight of the Heart the like dissatisfaction was also apparent in the behaviour of many others Wherefore considering that his endeavours to lessen the numbers of his Enemies served to multiply them he was as it were forced to put Almagro to death which he accordingly executed after his return to Cozco from Collao supposing that when the cause and object of all these Mutinies and Disturbances was removed all things would return to the usual and setled condition of peace and quietness but it happened out quite contrary For by the dolefull Tragedy of the Death of Almagro Hernando Piçarro rendred himself so odious that his condition was much more secure by putting himself into the hands of the Justice of Spain where Diego de Alvarado was ready to accuse him than if he had remained in Peru where the opposite Faction of Almagro watched onely an opportunity to destroy him Hernando Piçarro was a discreet Person and against the opinion and persuasion of all his friends judged it the least evil to make a Voyage into Spain where he imagined that the great Services he had performed in the Conquest of that Empire and the insuperable Labours he had overcome in the Siege vvould justifie his Cause before his Majesty and the Riches vvhich he imported vvith him for the King 's and his ovvn account vvould make his Access easie to the Royal Presence and obtain more mercy for him than he could expect from his Enemies in Peru who onely attended an opportunity to kill him Hernando having on these Considerations left the Indies and escaped out of the hands of his Enemies that hatred which was prepared for him was converted against his Brother the Marquis and proceeded so far as in the end to effect his ruine the which will appear in what is to follow Hernando Piçarro being arrived in Spain Diego de Alvarado brought a severe Indictment against him desiring that the Cause might be tried either by the Civil Law or by a Court-Marshal as his Majesty should direct or otherwise he challenged him to a single Combat offering to prove by force of Arms that he had violated both his Word and Faith and that he himself was guilty of those crimes which he had objected against Almagro Moreover he laid many other things to his charge which for brevity sake we shall pass by Upon these Accusations Hernando was committed to the Prison of Medina del Campo during which time and whilst Alvarado was prosecuting his Suit he complained that many rich Presents both of Gold and Silver and pretious Stones were given with intention to corrupt the minds of certain persons the which being proved was occasion of trouble to some great and considerable Men. But this being a nice point we have onely touched upon it and the rather because in the heat of this prosecution Alvarado died not without suspicion of poison by reason as Gomara saith that his Death was sudden and unexpected Howsoever before that time he had so well grounded his process and proceeded so far that he had obtained several Verdicts against his Adversary Howsoever at length time which accomplishes every thing moderated the severities of his Imprisonment from whence he procured his discharge in the year 1562 after twenty three years that he had remained in custody which he sustained with great equality of mind of which he gave most certain proofs in all the particulars of his adverse fortune which