such_o as_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n may_v be_v good_a or_o evil_n according_o as_o it_o be_v circumstantiat_fw-la as_o in_o poison_n the_o give_v whereof_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o ignorance_n mistake_v or_o malice_n 3._o some_o act_n be_v so_o irregular_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n that_o the_o law_n require_v only_o that_o the_o act_n be_v prove_v without_o prove_v the_o dole_n or_o wicked_a design_n as_o in_o sodomy_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n 4._o some_o act_n though_o they_o be_v not_o wicked_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n yet_o because_o the_o design_n can_v still_o be_v prove_v therefore_o the_o contraveen_a the_o law_n be_v equivalent_a to_o design_n &_o dolus_fw-la presumitur_fw-la contra_fw-la versantem_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la as_o the_o converse_v with_o a_o woman_n after_o the_o church_n have_v forbid_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o the_o doctor_n divide_v dolum_fw-la in_o verum_fw-la &_o presumtivum_fw-la 5._o where_o the_o law_n have_v express_o require_v dole_n and_o defigne_v there_o it_o must_v be_v express_o libel_v and_o prove_v as_o in_o the_o act_n 37._o par._n 2._o k._n ja._n 2._o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o if_o any_o man_n wilful_o recept_n rebel_n he_o shall_v be_v forefault_v but_o albeit_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v equivalent_a to_o dolus_fw-la in_o lesser_a crymes_n yet_o the_o doctor_n conclude_v that_o where_o the_o crime_n may_v infer_v death_n or_o mutilation_n loss_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n as_o we_o speak_v there_o the_o gross_a negligence_n or_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v not_o equivalent_a to_o dolus_fw-la clar._n quest._n 84_o num._n 7._o it_o be_v likewise_o much_o debate_v whether_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v a_o crime_n albeit_o the_o efffect_n follow_v not_o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o in_o maleficiis_fw-la voluntas_fw-la spectatur_fw-la non_fw-la exitus_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o divus_o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n corn._n the_o sicar_n yet_o be_v general_o conclude_v by_o the_o practician_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_n be_v not_o now_o punishable_a by_o death_n clar._n quest._n 91._o gothofr_n §_o conatus_fw-la but_o for_o clear_v this_o accorcord_v to_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n i_o shall_v form_v these_o conclusion_n first_o that_o all_o endeavour_n be_v a_o offence_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n though_o nothing_o follow_v thereupon_o albeit_o sometime_o the_o punishment_n be_v connive_v at_o or_o mitigate_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o malice_n but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o criminal_a appear_v from_o this_o that_o simple_a design_n be_v punishable_a in_o treason_n and_o some_o other_o atrocious_a crime_n because_o in_o these_o especial_o in_o treason_n it_o will_v be_v too_o late_a to_o provide_v a_o remedy_n when_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v 2._o in_o less_o atrocious_a crime_n the_o design_n be_v punish_v if_o the_o comitter_n proceed_v to_o act_v that_o which_o approach_v near_o to_o the_o crime_n itself_o si_fw-la diventum_fw-la sit_fw-la ad_fw-la actum_fw-la maleficio_fw-la proximum_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o simplex_fw-la conatus_fw-la but_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o lesser_a degree_n of_o the_o crime_n to_o which_o it_o approach_v as_o if_o a_o thief_n have_v put_v ladder_n to_o the_o house_n which_o he_o resolve_v to_o rob_v or_o if_o he_o mix_v poison_n but_o the_o potion_n be_v spill_v upon_o the_o ground_n by_o a_o accident_n and_o albet_fw-la it_o be_v common_o receive_v that_o even_o in_o these_o case_n affectus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la puniendus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la by_o the_o same_o punishment_n with_o the_o crime_n design_v yet_o i_o will_v distinguish_v in_o this_o betwixt_o a_o effect_n disappoint_v by_o a_o interveen_a accident_n and_o that_o which_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o repentance_n of_o the_o committer_n for_o where_o the_o design_n be_v only_o disappoint_v i_o think_v the_o ordinar_n punishment_n shall_v not_o be_v remit_v in_o case_n ubi_fw-la deventum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la actum_fw-la proximum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil_n the_o extraord_n crim_n l._n 1._o and_o therefore_o the_o court_n of_o savoy_n do_v very_o just_o condemn_v a_o thief_n to_o be_v hang_v who_o have_v enter_v the_o house_n of_o one_o girard_n to_o steal_v and_o murder_n but_o be_v deprehend_v before_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v goth._n §_o conatus_fw-la num_fw-la 16._o for_o since_o the_o punishment_n be_v only_o remit_v in_o conatu_fw-la or_o endeavour_n because_o of_o the_o favourable_a circumstance_n that_o nothing_o follow_v thereupon_o so_o i_o think_v this_o may_v be_v counterbalanced_n by_o the_o depravity_n of_o the_o design_n in_o many_o case_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v design_v to_o kill_v a_o whole_a family_n or_o burn_v a_o whole_a town_n and_o see_v man_n be_v punish_v not_o mere_o for_o what_o be_v do_v because_o that_o can_v be_v help_v as_o lawyer_n affirm_v but_o because_o the_o committer_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v commit_v the_o like_a therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o he_o who_o design_v to_o commit_v a_o crime_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v it_o if_o he_o be_v only_o let_v by_o accident_n because_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v otherwise_o secure_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v admire_v why_o in_o july_n 1670._o m_o r._n stanfields_n servant_n be_v not_o punish_v with_o death_n for_o endeavour_v to_o burn_v her_o master_n house_n albeit_o she_o be_v apprehend_v before_o any_o prejudice_n be_v do_v but_o i_o will_v here_o add_v as_o a_o caution_n that_o great_a praemeditation_n shall_v be_v prove_v before_o conatus_fw-la be_v punish_v capital_o for_o that_o show_v the_o confirm_a malice_n of_o the_o designer_n and_o be_v equivalent_a as_o to_o he_o to_o success_n 3._o in_o mean_a crime_n where_o the_o effect_n follow_v not_o upon_o the_o design_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o repentance_n i_o think_v little_a or_o no_o punishment_n shall_v follow_v for_o nihil_fw-la tam_fw-la naturale_fw-la quam_fw-la unum_fw-la quodque_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la dissolvi_fw-la quo_fw-la colligatum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o like_a shall_v also_o hold_v where_o the_o design_n be_v take_v up_o in_o passion_n or_o without_o premeditation_n because_o there_o the_o committer_n be_v not_o for_o the_o future_a so_o much_o to_o be_v fear_v but_o this_o subject_n will_v be_v more_o full_o clear_v in_o the_o particular_a subsequent_a title_n for_o in_o some_o crime_n conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_n be_v more_o punishable_a then_o in_o other_o whether_o what_o tend_v to_o a_o crime_n though_o it_o be_v not_o arrive_v at_o the_o full_a guilt_n requisite_a to_o make_v it_o fall_v express_o under_o the_o statute_n or_o law_n by_o which_o that_o crime_n be_v punish_v to_o which_o it_o approach_v have_v be_v oftentimes_o doubt_v as_o for_o instance_n to_o misconstruct_v his_o majesty_n government_n and_o proceed_n or_o to_o deprave_v his_o law_n be_v express_o declare_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o 10._o act._n 10._o p._n i._n 6._o whether_o then_o may_v not_o paper_n as_o tend_v to_o misconstruct_v his_o majesty_n proceed_n and_o government_n or_o bear_v insinuation_n which_o may_v raise_v in_o the_o people_n jealousy_n against_o the_o government_n be_v punish_v by_o that_o law_n and_o that_o such_o insinuation_n and_o tendency_n be_v not_o punishable_a criminal_o may_v be_v argue_v thus_o 1._o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o mankind_n to_o know_v express_o what_o they_o be_v to_o obey_v especial_o where_o such_o great_a certification_n be_v annex_v as_o in_o crymes_n 2._o the_o law_n have_v take_v under_o its_o consideration_n this_o guilt_n have_v punish_v the_o actual_a misconstruct_n or_o deprave_v but_o have_v not_o declare_v such_o insinuation_n or_o tendency_n punishable_a &_o in_o statutis_fw-la casus_fw-la omissus_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la omisso_fw-la 1._o this_o will_v infallible_o tend_v to_o render_v all_o judge_n arbitrary_a for_o tendency_n and_o insinuation_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o product_n of_o conjectur_n and_o paper_n may_v seem_v innocent_a or_o criminal_a according_a to_o the_o zeal_n or_o humour_n as_o well_o as_o malice_n of_o the_o judger_n man_n be_v natural_o prone_a to_o differ_v in_o such_o consequential_a inference_n and_o too_o apt_a to_o make_v construction_n in_o such_o according_a to_o the_o favour_n or_o malice_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o person_n or_o cause_n be_v not_o some_o man_n apt_a to_o construct_v that_o to_o tend_v to_o their_o dishonour_n which_o be_v design_v for_o their_o honour_n and_o to_o think_v every_o thing_n a_o innovation_n of_o law_n or_o privilege_n which_o check_v their_o inclination_n and_o design_n whereas_o some_o judge_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o their_o loyalty_n as_o to_o imagine_v the_o mean_a mistake_n do_v tend_v to_o a_o opposition_n against_o authority_n and_o thus_o zeal_n jealousy_n malice_n or_o interest_n will_v become_v judge_n if_o tendency_n and_o insinuation_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v crime_n 4._o man_n
sodomy_n in_o which_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sodomy_n require_v habuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la veneream_n &_o pverum_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la cognovisse_fw-la cook_n p._n 59_o albeit_o the_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o this_o act_n yet_o practic_a have_v determine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v hang_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o barnoch_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n decemb._n 8._o 1641._o and_o of_o joan_n knox_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o her_o husband_n brother_n may_v 1646._o sometime_o it_o be_v likewise_o punish_v with_o head_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n strang_n who_o be_v behead_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o brother_n daughter_n the_o 4._o of_o april_n 1649._o iii_o sodomy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o man_n for_o which_o both_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n cum_fw-la vir_fw-la nubit_fw-la c._n the_o adult_n they_o be_v burn_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n as_o gothofred_n observe_v by_o the_o 25._o act_n henry_n the_o 8._o sodomy_n be_v declare_v felony_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v in_o all_o case_n to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o death_n though_o carpzovius_fw-la and_o the_o other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o confession_n alone_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n in_o this_o crime_n except_o other_o presumption_n concur_v for_o clear_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v true_o commit_v yet_o with_o we_o the_o confession_n itself_o without_o any_o other_o adminicle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n except_o the_o confessor_n be_v know_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v to_o be_v distemper_v mastrupatio_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la aliove_n instrumento_fw-la se_fw-la polluit_fw-la &_o punitur_fw-la ut_fw-la sodomia_fw-la carp_n part._n 2._o quest_n 76._o haec_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la iv._o bestiality_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o beast_n which_o the_o roman_n also_o punish_v with_o death_n and_o in_o which_o some_o lawyer_n affirm_v the_o endeavour_n be_v as_o high_o punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n itself_o effectus_fw-la sine_fw-la affectu_fw-la papon_n lib._n 22._o tit_n 7._o art_n 1._o damhaud_fw-fr cap._n 96._o n._n 16._o which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v who_o can_v harbour_v such_o horrid_a thought_n but_o especial_o if_o he_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o practice_n and_o be_v only_o let_v by_o some_o interveen_a accident_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o even_o in_o this_o crime_n the_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o less_o severe_a punishment_n than_o death_n which_o seem_v clear_a by_o l._n 1._o §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n qui_fw-la pvero_fw-la struprum_fw-la abducto_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupto_fw-la comite_fw-la persuaserit_fw-la aut_fw-la mulierem_fw-la puellamve_fw-la interpellaverit_fw-la quidve_fw-la impudicitiae_fw-la gratia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la perfecto_fw-la flagitio_fw-la punitur_fw-la capite_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la deportatur_fw-la and_o though_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o custom_n and_o climate_n lessen_v this_o crime_n the_o crime_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n think_v punishable_a less_o severe_o yet_o with_o we_o death_n ought_v to_o punish_v it_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v only_o let_v by_o other_o and_o in_o both_o their_o crime_n of_o sodomy_n and_o bestiality_n witness_n who_o be_v liable_a to_o exception_n will_v be_v receive_v because_o of_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n bos._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la we_o have_v no_o particular_a statute_n for_o punish_v either_o sodomy_n or_o bestiality_n for_o they_o be_v crime_n extraordinar_fw-mi and_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o our_o libel_n bear_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o 20._o c._n of_o leviticus_n as_o well_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o mankind_n as_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o a_o beast_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n yet_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o both_o these_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o beast_n be_v also_o burn_v with_o which_o the_o bestiality_n be_v commit_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n fidde_v who_o be_v convict_v of_o bestiality_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o last_o of_o may_n 1650._o and_o major_a weir_n april_n 1670._o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o hang_v and_o thus_o john_n logie_n be_v only_o hang_v in_o july_n 1642._o and_o james_n wilson_n be_v only_o hang_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n 15._o feb._n 1649._o which_o last_o sentence_n bear_v that_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o ordain_v the_o mare_n with_o which_o the_o buggery_n be_v commit_v to_o be_v drown_v in_o any_o moss_n or_o loach_n title_n xvi_o raptus_fw-la ravish_v 1._o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rapt_v describe_v and_o its_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o the_o violent_a lie_v with_o a_o woman_n without_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o be_v a_o rapt_v 3._o if_o the_o carry_v a_o woman_n away_o upon_o any_o other_o account_n then_o lust_n be_v a_o rapt_v 4._o if_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o without_o lie_v with_o she_o be_v a_o rapt_v 5._o if_o a_o woman_n carry_v away_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rapt_v 6._o whether_o a_o subsequent_a consent_n purge_v this_o crime_n 7._o some_o instance_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n 8._o whether_o the_o parent_n consent_n not_o be_v obtain_v make_v a_o rapt_v 9_o whether_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o force_v common_a whore_n be_v punishable_a for_o a_o rapt_v rapt_v or_o ravish_v be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o violent_a carry_v away_o a_o woman_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o for_o satisfy_v the_o ravisher_n lust_n and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a by_o death_n l._n un_fw-fr c._n the_o rapt_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o judge_n r._n maj._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 6._o and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o committer_n moveable_n for_o albeit_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v express_o appoint_v for_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o 8_o cap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o other_o crime_n above_o relate_v and_o these_o be_v murder_n treason_n and_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v all_o capital_o punish_v and_o by_o the_o act._n 4._o p._n 21._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o albeit_o the_o consent_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o woman_n ravish_v declare_v that_o she_o go_v away_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n may_v free_v the_o committer_n from_o capital_a punishment_n yet_o shall_v it_o not_o free_v he_o from_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v inflict_v by_o ward_n confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n or_o impose_v upon_o they_o pecunial_a mulct_n which_o act_n insinuat_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v otherways_o capital_a else_o that_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n ii_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o a_o rapt_v l._n 4._o c._n 8._o r.m._n be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o unjust_a oppress_v of_o a_o woman_n by_o a_o man_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o least_o from_o some_o doctor_n who_o allege_v that_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n or_o abuse_v her_o body_n violent_o be_v not_o a_o rapt_v except_o she_o be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o albeit_o they_o do_v confess_v that_o this_o violence_n be_v punishable_a by_o deportation_n or_o banishment_n and_o be_v as_o some_o affirm_v non_fw-la raptus_fw-la sed_fw-la stuprum_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr ad_fw-la leg_n iu_n l._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n and_o chief_o mathaeus_n do_v conclude_v that_o albeit_o the_o away_o take_v and_o the_o force_n or_o violent_a abuse_v a_o woman_n body_n be_v different_o punish_v yet_o they_o be_v degree_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o both_o be_v rapt_n but_o according_a to_o our_o law_n both_o be_v rapt_n and_o both_o punishable_a by_o death_n neither_o do_v our_o law_n make_v any_o distinction_n inter_fw-la raptores_fw-la &_o deforciatores_fw-la mulierum_fw-la betwixt_o ravisher_n and_o deforcer_n of_o woman_n and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o defloure_n a_o woman_n violent_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v
return_v 4._o how_o a_o endeavour_n to_o break_v prison_n be_v punishable_a 5._o how_o the_o master_n of_o the_o prison_n be_v punish_v if_o the_o prisoner_n escape_v prison_n be_v ordain_v to_o keep_v prisoner_n till_o they_o be_v try_v and_o therefore_o he_o who_o break_v they_o do_v more_o than_o tacit_o acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o if_o he_o be_v innocent_a he_o will_v think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o honour_n as_o well_o as_o interest_n to_o wait_v till_o he_o be_v absolve_v judicial_o and_o since_o prison_n be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n therefore_o to_o break_v they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n and_o as_o the_o wall_n of_o our_o city_n be_v sacred_a because_o they_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n so_o shall_v prison_n because_o they_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o wicked_a countryman_n who_o be_v the_o great_a enemy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n do_v also_o in_o the_o case_n of_o hiltoun_n well_o call_v break_v of_o prison_n a_o public_a hame-sucken_a i._o the_o breaky_a of_o prison_n who_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v effractor_n carceris_fw-la be_v punish_v paena_fw-la capitali_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr effractor_n but_o by_o that_o punishment_n be_v mean_v not_o death_n for_o that_o be_v too_o severe_a but_o capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la est_fw-la mors_fw-la civilis_fw-la and_o in_o effect_n he_o be_v arbitrar_o punishable_a except_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n for_o soldier_n break_v prison_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n l._n 13._o ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi milit_fw-la because_o soldier_n have_v ordinary_o more_o courage_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v overawe_v by_o great_a punishment_n and_o yet_o i_o know_v the_o learned_a matheus_n think_v that_o quilibet_fw-la effractor_n carceris_fw-la be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o i_o think_v not_o his_o argument_n conclude_v for_o though_o ulp._n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr effract_a say_v that_o suplicium_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o by_o supplicium_fw-la be_v mean_v death_n since_o all_o the_o glossator_n make_v supplicium_fw-la a_o genus_fw-la and_o when_o lawyer_n mean_v death_n by_o it_o they_o say_v ultimum_fw-la simplicium_fw-la and_o though_o cicero_n say_v that_o exilium_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la supplicium_fw-la sed_fw-la perfugium_fw-la &_o portus_fw-la supplicii_fw-la he_o speak_v there_o as_o a_o orator_n and_o indeed_o as_o to_o these_o who_o deserve_v to_o die_v banishment_n be_v a_o harbour_n and_o happiness_n nor_o do_v his_o other_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o above-written_a law_n concern_v soldier_n conclude_v for_o soldier_n as_o i_o observe_v be_v more_o severe_o punishable_a than_o other_o because_o of_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o event_n and_o strictness_n of_o discipline_n and_o because_o as_o i_o observe_v they_o fearless_a and_o so_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o threaten_v than_o other_o but_o what_o need_n be_v there_o to_o have_v make_v a_o special_a law_n for_o soldier_n if_o all_o breaker_n of_o prison_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o arbitrary_a crime_n such_o as_o this_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o the_o word_n capite_fw-la punire_fw-la shall_v always_o be_v interpret_v in_o the_o meek_a sense_n it_o can_v bear_v nor_o see_v i_o why_o the_o law_n will_v have_v speak_v so_o general_o if_o it_o have_v design_v that_o severity_n by_o our_o law_n breaker_n of_o prison_n be_v punish_v by_o banishment_n or_o fyne_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n determine_v the_o punishment_n ii_o he_o who_o flee_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o it_o be_v break_v by_o another_o shall_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o julius_n clarus_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n itself_o because_o he_o confess_v the_o crime_n and_o flight_n be_v a_o presume_a acknowledgement_n far._n quest_n 21._o num_fw-la 25._o but_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o too_o severe_a for_o flight_n be_v a_o presumption_n and_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o condemn_v upon_o presumption_n and_o be_v it_o not_o absurd_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v for_o a_o crime_n of_o which_o he_o be_v find_v by_o the_o trial_n of_o other_o to_o be_v innocent_a and_o man_n may_v flee_v out_o of_o prison_n rather_o because_o of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o restraint_n than_o out_o from_o the_o conscience_n of_o guilt_n vid._n pegner_n quest_n 1._o crim_n but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o violence_n use_v a_o person_n imprison_v for_o a_o criminal_a cause_n may_v escape_v lawful_o perez_n ad_fw-la tit_n c._n the_o custod_a reor_fw-la because_o he_o may_v redeem_v lawful_o his_o own_o blood_n from_o hazard_n if_o the_o person_n incarcerat_o be_v incarcerat_o only_o for_o a_o civil_a debt_n he_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n be_v even_o in_o that_o case_n find_v punishable_a only_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n july_n 3._o 1673._o in_o the_o case_n of_o francis_n irving_n of_o hiltoun_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o break_v the_o prison_n of_o aberdene_n where_o the_o libel_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o upon_o our_o municipal_a law_n and_o custom_n without_o cite_v any_o particular_a law_n and_o subsume_v that_o he_o be_v incarcerat_a for_o a_o civil_a debt_n he_o and_o other_o break_v the_o prison_n at_o least_o escape_v the_o prison_n be_v break_v and_o therefore_o conclude_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o payment_n of_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o tolbuith_n against_o which_o libel_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o it_o condescend_v upon_o no_o statute_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o statute_n or_o practic_n make_v the_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o it_o be_v break_v by_o another_o punishable_a and_o when_o the_o imprisonment_n be_v only_o for_o a_o civil_a debt_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o punish_v only_o effractores_fw-la carcerum_fw-la but_o not_o eos_fw-la qui_fw-la evaserunt_fw-la for_o nigrum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excedere_fw-la debet_fw-la rubram_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v nothing_o in_o the_o title_n shall_v exceed_v the_o rubric_n and_o therefore_o the_o inscription_n or_o rubric_n be_v de_fw-la effractoribus_fw-la only_o such_o be_v criminal_a by_o that_o title_n as_o be_v effractores_fw-la and_o as_o perez_n observe_v num_fw-la 16._o si_fw-mi absit_fw-la violentia_fw-la potest_fw-la reus_fw-la aufugere_fw-la à _fw-la carcere_fw-la quem_fw-la apertum_fw-la vidit_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o punish_v effractores_fw-la carcerum_fw-la do_v not_o militat_fw-la here_o since_o there_o be_v no_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o prison_n nor_o violence_n commit_v against_o authority_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a because_o natural_a to_o every_o man_n to_o recover_v his_o natural_a liberty_n nor_o be_v it_o ever_o hear_v that_o a_o man_n run_v away_o from_o a_o messenger_n be_v punish_v as_o effractor_n carceris_fw-la and_o yet_o that_o be_v the_o same_o guilt_n with_o what_o be_v here_o pursue_v 2._o the_o libel_n conclude_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o break_n of_o prison_n because_o he_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o break_v be_v most_o irrelevant_a since_o the_o one_o may_v exist_v without_o the_o other_o for_o one_o may_v escape_v and_o not_o break_v and_o therefore_o the_o one_o can_v be_v necessary_o illative_a of_o the_o other_o 3._o the_o pay_a damage_n can_v be_v conclude_v against_o one_o who_o only_o go_v out_o since_o he_o who_o go_v only_o out_o of_o prison_n occasion_n no_o damage_n and_o consequent_o aught_o to_o pay_v none_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n that_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n that_o be_v break_v be_v a_o crime_n since_o the_o prisoner_n ought_v to_o have_v take_v no_o advantage_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n but_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v hinder_v the_o break_n of_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o have_v cry_v and_o advertise_v the_o keeper_n whereas_o here_o the_o prison_n be_v break_v by_o a_o long_a and_o daily_o work_v and_o yet_o no_o notice_n be_v give_v likea_n skeen_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o the_o 1._o chap._n stat._n david_n 2._o observe_n that_o qui_fw-la effracto_fw-la carcere_fw-la aufugerit_fw-la capite_fw-la punitur_fw-la which_o be_v consonant_n to_o 13._o ff_v de_fw-fr re_fw-mi milit_fw-la &_o l._n 36._o ff_n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la to_o the_o 2._o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o prison_n be_v break_v in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o distinguish_v who_o break_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v break_v it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a to_o prove_v the_o crime_n and_o since_o the_o panel_n may_v have_v stay_v and_o have_v clear_v his_o own_o innocence_n it_o be_v just_a
bona_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr delicto_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la divi_z fratres_fw-la rescripserunt_fw-la l._n 1._o ne_fw-la quis_fw-la absens_fw-la puniatur_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la jure_fw-la utimur_fw-la ne_fw-la absens_fw-la damnetur_fw-la and_o that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v receive_v against_o absent_v in_o treason_n be_v clear_a by_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o albeit_o per_fw-mi extrav_fw-mi constitutionem_fw-la hen._n 7._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v receive_v in_o absence_n yet_o this_o be_v repute_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o no_o nation_n and_o by_o that_o extravagant_a constitution_n this_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o species_n of_o treason_n which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v unjust_a and_o albeit_o treason_n may_v be_v in_o some_o case_n punish_v after_o death_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v from_o that_o infer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o absence_n since_o after_o death_n the_o malice_n of_o unjust_a pursuer_n ordinary_o cease_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o death_n be_v then_o over_o so_o that_o the_o event_n of_o the_o pursuit_n be_v not_o so_o terrible_a nor_o dangerous_a and_o in_o these_o process_n the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v call_v who_o may_v propound_v against_o both_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whatever_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o defunct_a whereas_o when_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v in_o absence_n for_o treason_n no_o man_n can_v in_o our_o law_n be_v admit_v to_o propound_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o albeit_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o his_o contumacy_n then_o if_o he_o compear_v to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o will_v prove_v too_o much_o for_o this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v as_o well_o press_v in_o absent_v for_o all_o other_o crime_n and_o against_o such_o as_o be_v absent_v in_o all_o the_o several_a inditement_n of_o treason_n and_o yet_o the_o justice_n be_v never_o allow_v even_o by_o the_o late_a act_n to_o proceed_v to_o sentence_n against_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o the_o true_a answer_n to_o this_o seem_a absurdity_n be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o inhuman_a as_o to_o punish_v equal_o presume_v and_o real_a guilt_n what_o may_v be_v a_o crime_n as_o what_o be_v find_v one_o and_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o find_v that_o man_n have_v be_v absent_a rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o prevail_a faction_n or_o corrupt_a witness_n or_o by_o inadvertence_n or_o not_o be_v true_o cite_v or_o by_o be_v violent_o detain_v then_o out_o of_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n yet_o since_o so_o judicious_a a_o person_n propose_v this_o overture_n and_o since_o council_n session_n and_o parliament_n have_v fortify_v it_o by_o their_o authority_n i_o submit_v my_o judgement_n to_o their_o determination_n xxiv_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o his_o majesty_n to_o command_v or_o forbid_v by_o private_a warrant_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n or_o as_o you_o shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o we_o and_o the_o certification_n here_o be_v indefinite_a it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v in_o case_n of_o contravention_n and_o 1._o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o contraveener_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o guilty_a of_o treason_n for_o only_a law_n can_v make_v traitor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n 2._o it_o seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a magistrate_n it_o may_v be_v punish_v arbitrary_o if_o the_o command_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o case_n of_o importance_n since_o even_o inferior_a judge_n may_v punish_v such_o as_o contemn_v or_o disobey_v they_o in_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o jurisdiction_n likeas_n lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o obediens_fw-la praecepto_fw-la superioris_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la indignationis_fw-la est_fw-la arbitrarie_a puniendus_fw-la cabal_n casu_fw-la 30._o bald._n in_o l._n legis_fw-la virtus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib_n menoch_n case_z 365._o but_o in_o that_o case_n they_o determine_v that_o the_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n and_o though_o some_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o this_o case_n more_o severe_o than_o omission_n yet_o i_o conceive_v some_o omission_n may_v infer_v great_a contempt_n and_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o commission_n nor_o allow_v i_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o lucas_n de_fw-fr penna_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n ut_fw-la dignit_fw-la ord_n servet_fw-la who_o say_v that_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o if_o one_o be_v command_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o to_o stop_v the_o passage_n of_o a_o enemy_n that_o then_o the_o contempt_n be_v to_o be_v severe_o punish_v by_o death_n but_o if_o the_o contempt_n be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o mean_v than_o the_o contempt_n be_v only_o punishable_a arbitrary_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o make_v it_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o the_o person_n command_v be_v a_o soldier_n or_o one_o who_o be_v oblige_v by_o acceptation_n of_o his_o office_n to_o obey_v under_o that_o peril_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v rather_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o command_n as_o use_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n if_o contemn_v such_o as_o military_a command_n and_o in_o these_o the_o contempt_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n for_o custom_n come_v in_o place_n of_o law_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la who_o have_v undertake_v such_o a_o employment_n as_o require_v such_o obedience_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v any_o country_n gentleman_n or_o lawyer_n to_o fortify_v or_o keep_v a_o castle_n under_o all_o high_a pain_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o their_o omission_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o lose_v of_o the_o prince_n favour_n &_o quod_fw-la princeps_fw-la non_fw-la exhibebit_fw-la se_fw-la gratiosum_fw-la which_o bartol_n make_v the_o punishment_n of_o that_o disobedience_n in_o all_o case_n ad_fw-la extrav_fw-mi qui_fw-la sunt_fw-la rebel_n xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o laese_n majesty_n be_v death_n l._n 5._o c._n h._n t._n animae_fw-la omissio_fw-la as_o justinian_n call_v it_o in_o his_o institution_n together_o with_o the_o confiscation_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o treason_n be_v commit_v but_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o his_o estate_n lie_v elsewhere_o c._n 2._o the_o constil_n in_o 6._o so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n his_o estate_n in_o france_n do_v not_o forfeit_a with_o we_o the_o punishment_n of_o treason_n be_v death_n and_o confiscation_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o traitor_n estate_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a feudal_n or_o allodial_a and_o the_o solemnity_n use_v in_o parliament_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o such_o sentence_n be_v that_o the_o panel_n receive_v his_o sentence_n kneel_v and_o that_o after_o the_o doom_n of_o the_o forefaulter_n be_v pronounce_v against_o he_o the_o lion_n and_o his_o brethren_n herald_n come_v in_o in_o their_o formality_n and_o tear_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n at_o the_o throne_n and_o thereafter_o hang_v up_o his_o escurchion_n reverse_v upon_o the_o cross_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a custom_n for_o as_o tacit_fw-la observe_v lib._n 5._o deterrere_fw-la omnes_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la culpa_fw-la volebant_fw-la non_fw-la poenae_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la ignominiae_fw-la mâ—tu_fw-la ut_fw-la nomen_fw-la è_fw-la fastis_fw-la deleretur_fw-la &_o effigy_n tolleretur_fw-la which_o be_v likewise_o clear_a l._n 24._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o flanders_n be_v clear_a by_o perez_n h._n t._n moribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la insignia_fw-la gentilia_fw-la delentur_fw-la &_o destruuntur_fw-la but_o this_o i_o think_v shall_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o crime_n of_o perduellion_n but_o not_o in_o other_o treason_n perez_n ibid._n num_fw-la 19_o another_o speciality_n introduce_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o perduellion_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v that_o memoria_fw-la damnabatur_fw-la and_o that_o his_o child_n be_v declare_v uncapable_a to_o bruik_v any_o estate_n or_o office_n which_o the_o emperor_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n l._n 5._o c._n ad_fw-la l._n jul._n maj._n call_v a_o mitigation_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o child_n who_o as_o they_o say_v shall_v have_v die_v for_o their_o father_n crime_n but_o this_o be_v so_o unjust_a that_o no_o nation_n do_v now_o use_v it_o as_o matheus_n observe_v p._n 352._o and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o l._n crimen_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la and_o the_o scripture_n deut._n chap._n 24._o vers._n 16._o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o plato_n lib._n 9_o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o amazias_n 2_o king_n 14.5_o 6._o will_v not_o kill_v such_o
and_o gothofred_n §_o venenum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o medici_fw-la &_o farmacopolae_fw-la ineptum_fw-la medicamentum_fw-la scienter_fw-la ad_fw-la hibentes_fw-la ut_fw-la infirmus_fw-la morietur_fw-la tenentur_fw-la ut_fw-la homicidae_fw-la and_o though_o the_o judgement_n of_o physician_n ought_v to_o be_v ask_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o where_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v and_o mean_v suitable_a to_o that_o design_n be_v clear_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o consult_v physician_n nor_o can_v any_o danger_n ensue_v from_o the_o preparative_n of_o punish_v this_o panel_n to_o other_o physician_n or_o apothecary_n except_o they_o give_v physic_n without_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o party_n and_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o servant_n who_o employ_v upon_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v and_o administrat_fw-la the_o drug_n at_o unseasonable_a hour_n all_o which_o be_v of_o themselves_o criminal_a and_o this_o way_n be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o ordinary_a poison_n because_o servant_n be_v more_o easy_o admit_v than_o other_o and_o this_o way_n be_v less_o discoverable_a nor_o need_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v of_o this_o poison_n for_o even_o one_o who_o get_v true_a poison_n may_v have_v die_v of_o other_o disease_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o after_o the_o give_v of_o their_o purgative_n he_o die_v the_o next_o morning_n of_o such_o a_o looseness_n as_o make_v his_o bed_n to_o swim_v and_o as_o this_o be_v like_o the_o natural_a product_n so_o presumitur_fw-la contra_fw-la versantem_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la especial_o all_o this_o design_n of_o murder_n be_v to_o conceal_v the_o servant_n theft_n in_o which_o this_o apothecary_n be_v a_o sharer_n iii_o from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n through_o the_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o 1._o the_o poison_n of_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n fall_v not_o under_o this_o act_n though_o it_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o murder_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o poison_n of_o a_o excommunicate_a person_n can_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o they_o be_v not_o christian_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o this_o the_o english_a statute_n bear_v that_o to_o kill_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la by_o poison_n or_o otherways_o etc._n etc._n and_o cook_n observe_v that_o to_o poison_v a_o jew_n or_o turk_n fall_v under_o their_o statute_n iv._o from_o these_o word_n likewise_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o poison_n of_o bruit_n beast_n do_v not_o fall_v immediate_o under_o this_o act_n nor_o yet_o the_o poison_v whole_a field_n to_o the_o end_n beast_n may_v die_v albeit_o both_o these_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o carpz_n observe_v tract_n crim_n quest._n 21._o num_fw-la 24._o and_o since_o theft_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n much_o more_o ought_v the_o poison_n of_o beast_n be_v since_o not_o only_o be_v the_o party_n less_v by_o want_v his_o beast_n as_o much_o as_o in_o theft_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o prejudge_v then_o in_o theft_n since_o the_o beast_n so_o poison_v be_v make_v unserviceable_a as_o to_o all_o use_n and_o man_n be_v likewise_o in_o danger_n by_o eat_v or_o use_v of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v worse_a than_o hough_v of_o ox_n which_o be_v capital_a by_o our_o law_n but_o if_o a_o beast_n be_v poison_v that_o man_n may_v be_v thereby_o poison_v than_o the_o poison_n of_o beast_n will_v infer_v death_n from_o these_o word_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v likewise_o that_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n whereby_o man_n do_v fall_v paralytic_a or_o lame_a shall_v fall_v under_o this_o statute_n though_o the_o person_n die_v not_o since_o that_o may_v be_v construct_v bodily_a harm_n v._o as_o also_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o since_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n whereby_o man_n may_v die_v do_v infer_v death_n that_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v either_o because_o the_o poison_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o or_o because_o the_o party_n poison_v do_v counter-act_n its_o force_n immediate_o by_o suitable_a remedy_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o these_o be_v more_o immediate_a deed_n then_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n and_o general_o endeavour_n be_v in_o this_o crime_n punish_v as_o the_o consumat_fw-la act_n where_o the_o endeavour_n come_v to_o any_o deed_n that_o approach_v the_o crime_n l._n 1._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n pomp._n the_o parricid_n though_o carpz_n be_v of_o a_o contrair_a opinion_n assert_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v even_o in_o that_o case_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n the_o administrate_v drink_n or_o medicament_n to_o procure_v or_o increase_v love_n be_v think_v not_o punishable_a though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v because_o there_o be_v no_o design_n there_o to_o kill_v carpz_n ibid._n &_o l._n siquis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la though_o this_o be_v punishable_a as_o that_o law_n assert_n by_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nam_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la vi_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o poison_n of_o parent_n and_o in_o reiterated_a endeavour_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o the_o poison_n of_o magistrate_n or_o master_n since_o these_o great_a aggravation_n be_v so_o odious_a in_o the_o very_a contrivance_n that_o these_o aggravation_n be_v as_o odious_a as_o success_n and_o as_o the_o judge_n may_v mitigate_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o lessen_v circumstance_n so_o he_o may_v heighten_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o aggradge_v circumstance_n vasq._n contraver_n illust_n cap._n 14._o and_o carpz_n num_fw-la 50._o quest_n 20._o part_n 1._o give_v we_o several_a decision_n to_o this_o purpose_n and_o among_o other_o decision_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o mountibank_n who_o be_v burn_v with_o hot_a tongue_n to_o death_n for_o have_v poison_v ten_o several_a person_n but_o if_o a_o physician_n will_v poison_v his_o patient_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o treason_n with_o we_o as_o be_v murder_n under_o trust_n title_n ix_o de_fw-fr incendiariis_fw-la or_o fire-raiser_n 1._o malicious_n and_o design_v fire-raising_a be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n 2._o what_o presumption_n can_v prove_v this_o design_n 3._o whether_o one_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n 4._o the_o punishment_n of_o fire-raising_a according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 5._o the_o punishmint_n of_o it_o according_a to_o our_o law_n 6._o the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a how_o punish_v 7._o whether_o the_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v punishable_a as_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o 8._o fire-raising_a can_v be_v remit_v 9_o the_o punishment_n culposi_fw-la incendii_fw-la 10._o how_o accidental_a fire-raising_a be_v to_o be_v punish_v 11._o how_o master_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o servant_n negligence_n it_o be_v most_o unnatural_a that_o the_o element_n which_o be_v create_v to_o be_v servant_n to_o man_n shall_v have_v dominion_n over_o he_o and_o therefore_o these_o who_o raise_v fire_n be_v repute_v great_a enemy_n to_o mankind_n and_o more_o criminal_a than_o either_o theives_n or_o murderer_n for_o in_o theft_n the_o thing_n steal_v remain_v still_o with_o the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o it_o be_v absolute_o destroy_v by_o fire_n and_o in_o murder_n the_o crime_n extend_v never_o further_a than_o the_o design_n whereas_o in_o fire-raising_a the_o merciless_a element_n which_o be_v employ_v debord_n oft_o beyond_o its_o commission_n and_o involve_v in_o the_o common_a misery_n those_o against_o who_o the_o fire-raiser_n have_v no_o design_n with_o those_o who_o be_v his_o know_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o those_o who_o raise_v fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v whereas_o those_o who_o burn_v only_o a_o house_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_o punish_v i._o a_o fire-raiser_n or_o incendiarius_fw-la be_v by_o lawyer_n define_v to_o be_v he_o who_o of_o design_n raise_v fire_n whether_o he_o kindle_v the_o same_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o commissionat_v another_o or_o execute_v himself_o another_o commission_n and_o because_o of_o the_o atrociousness_n of_o this_o crime_n the_o attempt_n be_v punish_v though_o the_o effect_n follow_v not_o and_o threaten_n though_o nothing_o follow_v be_v punish_v damhaud_n rubrica_fw-la de_fw-la incendiariis_fw-la but_o because_o this_o crime_n be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o merciless_a to_o commit_v the_o same_o therefore_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v punishable_a be_v commit_v dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la and_o with_o we_o it_o be_v require_v they_o be_v combustores_fw-la domorum_fw-la nequiter_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la as_o skeen_n translate_v it_o ad_fw-la cap._n 10._o malcolmi_n 2._o and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v only_o declare_v
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o these_o argument_n 1._o that_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o witchcraft_n be_v ordinary_o silly_a old_a woman_n who_o age_n and_o sex_n dispose_v they_o to_o melancholy_a and_o who_o melancholy_a dispose_v they_o to_o a_o madness_n which_o shall_v render_v their_o confession_n very_o suspect_v and_o in_o this_o crime_n there_o be_v seldom_o other_o prove_v whereas_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v so_o horrid_a that_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n will_v commit_v they_o 2._o god_n can_v only_o work_v the_o miracle_n ascribe_v to_o witch_n he_o who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v only_o able_a to_o alter_v or_o divert_v its_o course_n and_o the_o devil_n do_v but_o delude_v the_o fancy_n of_o poor_a creature_n as_o fever_n and_o melancholy_a misrepresent_v object_n nor_o be_v such_o as_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o one_o more_o guilty_a than_o they_o who_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v severe_a to_o burn_v man_n and_o woman_n for_o do_v that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
libel_n because_o self-defence_n there_o be_v not_o contrair_a to_o any_o quality_n of_o the_o libel_n which_o must_v be_v express_o prove_v for_o the_o quality_n of_o forethought_a felony_n must_v necessary_o be_v libel_v in_o murder_n yet_o it_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v and_o so_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o defence_n and_o lybel_n be_v not_o contrary_a whereas_o in_o duel_n a_o express_a provocation_n must_v be_v lybele_v and_o prove_v and_o so_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o defence_n will_v be_v contrary_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackie_n in_o june_n 1670._o where_o it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o a_o challenge_v give_v and_o accept_v do_v infer_v a_o duel_n and_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o party_n provock_v come_v thereafter_o to_o the_o field_n be_v set_v upon_o and_o put_v in_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o provocker_n for_o though_o primus_fw-la insultus_fw-la be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v against_o forethought_a felony_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o where_o there_o precede_v a_o provocation_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o he_o who_o be_v provoke_v by_o go_v to_o the_o place_n versabatur_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o self-defence_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v the_o party_n provock_v may_v easy_o elude_v this_o statute_n because_o he_o may_v accept_v the_o challenge_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n refuse_v to_o fight_v until_o he_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o other_o and_o put_v even_o in_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n by_o he_o which_o method_n be_v follow_v by_o one_o robertson_n a_o soldier_n in_o linlithgow_n regiment_n he_o be_v notwitstanding_o find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n in_o july_n 1673._o vii_o from_o this_o it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o such_o as_o in_o answer_n to_o challenge_n do_v declare_v that_o they_o will_v be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o if_o the_o provocker_n attaque_fw-la they_o will_v defend_v themselves_o they_o fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act_n since_o by_o decline_v a_o formal_a answer_n they_o design_v to_o cheat_v the_o law_n for_o by_o assign_v place_n and_o time_n they_o in_o effect_n accept_v of_o the_o challenge_n &_o this_o can_v neither_o be_v call_v a_o mere_a rancounter_n nor_o self_n defence_n as_o be_v most_o just_o debate_v by_o voet._n the_o duel_n cap._n 33._o quest_n 1._o but_o if_o any_o man_n get_v a_o challenge_n shall_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v not_o transgress_v the_o law_n but_o if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v attaque_fw-la he_o he_o will_v defend_v himself_o if_o this_o person_n thereafter_o in_o defence_n kill_v he_o will_v not_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n for_o self_n defence_n do_v not_o leave_v off_o to_o be_v a_o legal_a defence_n because_o the_o person_n attaque_v promise_n he_o will_v defend_v himself_o viii_o both_o the_o provocker_n and_o provock_v kill_v be_v by_o this_o act_n not_o only_o punishable_a with_o death_n but_o by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o the_o provocker_n be_v declare_v liable_a to_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v think_v fit_a because_o his_o guilt_n be_v great_a for_o the_o party_n provoke_v have_v still_o his_o guilt_n lessen_v with_o a_o shadow_n of_o self-defence_n not_o only_o be_v second_o art_n and_o part_n but_o even_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o challenge_n though_o they_o be_v no_o second_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o these_o can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n except_o they_o be_v present_a since_o the_o carry_v a_o challenge_n be_v but_o a_o incomplete_a act_n &_o nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o death_n follow_v upon_o a_o combat_n wherein_o they_o carry_v the_o challenge_n they_o be_v punishable_a as_o murderer_n since_o the_o crime_n be_v complete_v by_o their_o complice_n in_o june_n 1676._o david_n hamiltoun_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o albeit_o he_o have_v come_v to_o seek_v the_o length_n of_o his_o gear_n who_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o his_o son_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v but_o upon_o design_n to_o terrify_v the_o other_o to_o fight_v as_o appear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o expression_n but_o because_o he_o do_v tear_v the_o challenge_n how_o soon_o ever_o he_o get_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o do_v trip_v up_o the_o man_n heel_n who_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o son_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v mere_o to_o end_v the_o combat_n he_o have_v take_v his_o own_o son_n in_o his_o arm_n immediate_o thereafter_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v likewise_o allege_v that_o those_o who_o be_v adduce_v witness_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v because_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n with_o the_o other_o party_n to_o the_o field_n and_o be_v very_o many_o in_o number_n they_o may_v have_v stop_v the_o combat_n if_o they_o have_v please_v notwithstanding_o of_o which_o objection_n they_o be_v receive_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o since_o all_o man_n be_v oblige_v as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o hinder_v crime_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o if_o many_o who_o may_v hinder_v do_v tam_o look_v on_o without_o offer_v to_o red_a or_o separat_fw-la the_o party_n they_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o this_o shall_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n officer_n who_o be_v present_a or_o in_o any_o who_o be_v command_v by_o they_o who_o cook_n observe_v to_o be_v fineable_a pag._n 158._o but_o even_o in_o all_o who_o be_v present_a though_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o they_o sholud_v be_v less_o then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o idem_fw-la est_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o nolle_fw-la prohibere_fw-la cum_fw-la possis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la non_fw-la prohibet_fw-la cum_fw-la prohibere_fw-la possit_fw-la in_o culpa_fw-la est_fw-la title_n xiii_o self-murder_n 1._o despair_n nor_o stoicism_n can_v defend_v against_o self-murder_n 2._o furiosity_n do_v defend_v 3._o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v self-murder_n be_v punishable_a 4._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n 5._o what_o declarator_n be_v to_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o donator_n of_o the_o self-murderer_n escheat_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v i._o god_n almighty_n have_v place_v every_o man_n at_o his_o post_n here_o and_o he_o who_o violent_o tear_v himself_o from_o it_o deserve_v much_o worse_a and_o be_v more_o guilty_a than_o a_o soldier_n who_o desert_n his_o station_n and_o since_o prince_n punish_v as_o criminal_n such_o as_o kill_v their_o subject_n much_o more_o may_v the_o almighty_a punish_v he_o who_o kill_v himself_o for_o he_o who_o kill_v himself_o kill_v god_n subject_a and_o therefore_o nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la the_o law_n likewise_o consider_v he_o who_o will_v kill_v himself_o as_o one_o who_o will_v spare_v none_o else_o and_o condemn_v a_o humour_n which_o be_v so_o dangerous_a upon_o these_o reason_n but_o especial_o because_o god_n have_v forbid_v man_n to_o kill_v without_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o kill_v ourselves_o or_o other_o all_o christian_a nation_n punish_v severe_o self-murder_n as_o murder_n for_o they_o confiscate_v their_o movable_n and_o deny_v they_o christian_a burial_n to_o which_o some_o nation_n for_o a_o further_a mark_n of_o ignominy_n add_v the_o hang_v they_o upon_o gibbet_n but_o this_o last_o our_o nation_n use_v not_o this_o crime_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o greek_n and_o it_o be_v condemn_v by_o plato_n l._n 9_o the_o leg_n and_o be_v at_o first_o punish_v by_o the_o heathen_n virgil._n lib._n 6._o aeneid_n speak_v of_o hell_n proxima_fw-la deinde_fw-la tenent_fw-la maesti_fw-la loca_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la laethum_fw-la insontes_fw-la peperere_fw-la manu_fw-la lumenque_fw-la pero_fw-la si_fw-la projecere_fw-la animas_fw-la the_o english_a call_v he_o felo_fw-la de_fw-fr se._n the_o stoic_n who_o have_v make_v their_o reason_n their_o god_n and_o make_v their_o convenience_n their_o reason_n allow_v the_o kill_n of_o one_o self_n either_o to_o shun_v thereby_o torture_n or_o shame_n and_o think_v death_n a_o door_n which_o every_o man_n may_v open_v at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o since_o death_n may_v surprise_v a_o man_n when_o he_o be_v not_o ready_a they_o resolve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n equal_a with_o it_o in_o force_v it_o to_o be_v ready_a whensoever_o they_o please_v and_o from_o their_o practice_n for_o most_o of_o the_o roman_n especial_o the_o gownsman_n be_v of_o that_o sect_n flow_v these_o roman_a law_n l._n 3._o §_o sic_fw-la autem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr eor_fw-la l._n siquis_fw-la §_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr pen._n by_o which_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o to_o evite_v a_o just_a
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
to_o palliate_v the_o adultery_n it_o shall_v be_v punish_v more_o severe_o than_o adultery_n and_o though_o the_o offender_n can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o bigamist_n yet_o he_o may_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o notour_n adulterer_n the_o same_o may_v be_v likewise_o say_v if_o the_o person_n marry_v against_o express_a prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n or_o it_o may_v be_v of_o friend_n for_o thereby_o they_o be_v put_v in_o pessima_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o want_v the_o advantage_n arise_v figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la and_o this_o statute_n punish_v only_o simple_a bigamy_n which_o be_v possible_o contract_v when_o the_o wife_n belive_v the_o husband_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la or_o when_o there_o be_v some_o other_o pretext_n for_o it_o but_o exclude_v not_o a_o further_a punishment_n due_a from_o other_o circumstance_n or_o complext_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o incestuous_a person_n be_v forbid_v to_o marry_v because_o of_o their_o contingency_n in_o blood_n or_o affinity_n shall_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o incest_n iii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o quaker_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o perjurer_n see_v they_o give_v no_o oath_n at_o marriage_n and_o certain_o they_o shall_v see_v marriage_n imply_v a_o vow_n though_o no_o implicit_a oath_n be_v give_v iv._o the_o husband_n long_a absence_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v mitigate_v but_o take_v not_o away_o the_o crime_n see_v death_n and_o not_o time_n dissolve_v marriage_n and_o i_o remember_v of_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o marry_v a_o man_n wife_n after_o he_o be_v sixteen_o year_n absent_a and_o albeit_o the_o first_o husband_n come_v home_o yet_o the_o second_o husband_n still_o retain_v the_o wife_n which_o certain_o be_v adultery_n in_o he_o after_o that_o knowledge_n that_o she_o be_v another_o man_n wife_n see_v he_o want_v that_o pretext_n for_o which_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o adultery_n from_o which_o likewise_o that_o general_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v that_o when_o the_o bigamist_n know_v that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v marry_v if_o he_o continue_v he_o commit_v adultery_n and_o if_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v incestuous_a he_o commit_v incest_n v._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o two_o person_n marry_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o marry_v though_o because_o of_o any_o interveen_a accident_n as_o death_n they_o bid_v not_o and_o see_v by_o the_o second_o marriage_n they_o give_v contrary_a oath_n certain_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o perjury_n be_v the_o medium_n peccati_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n and_o not_o copulatio_fw-la or_o coitus_fw-la as_o in_o adultery_n reatus_fw-la contrahitur_fw-la per_fw-la contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la and_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n immediate_o after_o they_o come_v from_o church_n though_o before_o she_o have_v bed_v with_o her_o husband_n do_v in_o our_o law_n commit_v adultery_n which_o show_v that_o marriage_n be_v contract_v with_o we_o per_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o benedictionem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la coitum_fw-la and_o if_o after_o come_v from_o church_n the_o person_n be_v marry_v certain_o they_o be_v by_o that_o also_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n also_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v null_a per_fw-la frigiditatem_fw-la or_o maleficiationem_fw-la yet_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v declare_v that_o marriage_n to_o have_v be_v null_n marry_v another_o before_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_n though_o it_o be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la will_v be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n because_o there_o be_v contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la in_o that_o case_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o lawful_o divorce_v for_o as_o a_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v a_o first_o marriage_n declare_v null_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la adulterii_fw-la marry_v again_o will_v be_v punishable_a so_o it_o shall_v be_v here_o and_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o marriage_n be_v declare_v in_o frigidis_fw-la &_o maleficiatis_fw-la to_o have_v be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o there_o have_v be_v no_o marriage_n at_o first_o the_o second_o be_v no_o bigamy_n and_o the_o first_o oath_n not_o bind_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o it_o be_v give_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v habilis_fw-la to_o contract_n a_o marriage_n that_o vow_n be_v null_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o contrairy_a vow_n in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o first_o marriage_n as_o a_o sufficient_a marriage_n till_o it_o be_v declare_v null_n and_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v the_o marriage_n declare_v null_a will_v have_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o adulterer_n if_o she_o have_v lyen_fw-we with_o another_o ergo_fw-la she_o may_v be_v likewise_o punish_v as_o a_o bigamist_n vi_o the_o act_n add_v except_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v from_o which_o two_o question_n may_v arise_v 1._o see_v the_o party_n guilty_a can_v marry_v v_o g._n if_o a_o woman_n be_v divorce_v for_o adultery_n she_o can_v marry_v quaeritur_fw-la then_o if_o she_o marry_v again_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v not_o bigamy_n see_v the_o act_n say_v that_o if_o person_n not_o lawful_o divorce_v marry_o they_o commit_v bigamy_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la contraria_fw-la where_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v they_o commit_v not_o bigamy_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a party_n 2._o if_o a_o person_n be_v divorce_v and_o thereafter_o he_o marry_v albeit_o thereafter_o that_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v certain_o the_o other_o party_n who_o marry_v the_o person_n divorce_v be_v not_o punishable_a except_o the_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n but_o the_o first_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n who_o obtain_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v bribe_v the_o witness_n or_o judge_n etc._n etc._n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o he_o know_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o lawful_o dissolve_v and_o so_o the_o second_o marriage_n be_v bigamy_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la he_o albeit_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la it_o be_v no_o marriage_n at_o the_o time_n the_o second_o marriage_n be_v contract_v and_o so_o not_o bigamy_n albeit_o the_o briber_n or_o forger_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n so_o commit_v title_n xix_o theft_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n 2._o in_o what_o thing_n can_v theft_n be_v commit_v and_o whether_o it_o can_v be_v commit_v in_o commodato_fw-la &_o societate_fw-la 3._o the_o law_n of_o burdein-sack_n or_o theft_n commit_v for_o necessity_n 4._o whether_o the_o take_a thing_n belong_v to_o no_o man_n be_v punishable_a as_o theft_n 5._o the_o division_n of_o theft_n in_o furtum_fw-la manifestum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la manifestum_fw-la 6._o whether_o theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o our_o law_n 8._o how_o three_o consecutive_a theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v and_o how_o inferior_a judge_n proceed_v in_o judge_v theft_n 9_o how_o the_o justice_n proceed_v in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 10._o how_o hareship_n or_o abigeatus_fw-la be_v punish_v 11._o how_o sacrilege_n be_v punish_v 12._o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v treason_n 13._o how_o theft_n be_v aggravate_v from_o frequency_n time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n 14._o several_a extenuation_n of_o theft_n 15._o statutory_a theft_n such_o as_o breaker_n of_o yard_n steal_v fish_n out_o of_o pond_n bee_n etc._n etc._n 16._o be_v and_o part_n of_o theft_n how_o punish_v albeit_o at_o first_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v common_a so_o that_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o theft_n yet_o since_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n property_n be_v introduce_v theft_n be_v forbid_v as_o a_o enemy_n to_o this_o property_n and_o as_o destructive_a to_o that_o order_n and_o method_n whereby_o god_n resolve_v to_o govern_v the_o world_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n observe_v that_o this_o crime_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o theft_n be_v define_v by_o lawyer_n to_o be_v fraudulosa_fw-la contractatio_fw-la lucri_fw-la faciendi_fw-la gratia_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la usus_fw-la ejus_fw-la possessionis_fw-la ve_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la naturali_fw-la prohibitume_v §_o 1._o inst_n the_o obl_a ex_fw-la del_o by_o the_o word_n contrectatio_fw-la they_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o away_o take_v of_o a_o thing_n for_o theft_n be_v commit_v by_o conceal_v what_o
2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o they_o go_v with_o arm_n they_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o the_o scolia_fw-la of_o the_o basilick_v observe_v it_o may_v be_v useful_o observe_v that_o those_o who_o drive_v away_o herdship_n cum_fw-la gladio_fw-la with_o arm_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n because_o they_o be_v rather_o robber_n than_o thief_n 2._o these_o who_o drive_v away_o great_a cattle_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v away_o the_o lesser_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr abige_fw-fr 3._o these_o be_v to_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v who_o live_v in_o a_o country_n where_o that_o crime_n be_v most_o frequent_a and_o therefore_o our_o highlander_n be_v most_o severe_o punish_v 4._o these_o that_o drive_v away_o cattle_n from_o the_o field_n be_v more_o to_o be_v punish_v than_o these_o who_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o house_n because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n have_v no_o guard_n but_o the_o law_n xi_o the_o steal_v likewise_o of_o a_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o god_n aggrage_v so_o the_o theft_n as_o to_o make_v it_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o this_o be_v call_v sacrilege_n by_o the_o civil_a and_o cannon_n law_n and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a degree_n as_o 1._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n 2._o if_o a_o thing_n sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o any_o place_n 3._o if_o a_o thing_n not_o sacred_a be_v steal_v out_o of_o a_o sacred_a place_n but_o their_o two_o last_o be_v not_o proper_o sacrilege_n with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a consecration_n use_v of_o church_n vestment_n cup_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o we_o have_v no_o such_o formal_a crime_n as_o sacrilege_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o act_n against_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v to_o steal_v any_o thing_n destinat_fw-la to_o god_n service_n and_o even_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o church_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o this_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v with_o we_o not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o more_o from_o the_o place_n and_o thus_o also_o murder_n or_o mutilation_n commit_v within_o the_o church_n or_o church-yaird_a be_v more_o severe_o punish_v then_o other_o murder_n and_o with_o we_o these_o who_o steal_v out_o of_o church_n be_v still_o hang_v or_o who_o steal_v what_o be_v dedicate_v to_o or_o serve_v the_o church_n as_o basin_n etc._n etc._n xii_o the_o next_o aggravation_n of_o theft_n be_v from_o the_o person_n who_o commit_v it_o and_o thus_o theft_n when_o commit_v by_o land_a man_n be_v punish_v with_o we_o as_o treason_n act._n 50._o p._n 11._o i._o 6._o the_o word_n be_v that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o land_a man_n to_o be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n he_o shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o act_n be_v because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v theft_n then_o for_o any_o other_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v and_o these_o also_o want_v all_o pretext_n of_o necessity_n or_o rusticity_n and_o must_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v extreme_o mean_a and_o malicious_a person_n who_o the_o commonwealth_n may_v well_o want_v and_o who_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v who_o be_v these_o who_o be_v by_o this_o act_n to_o be_v account_v land_v man_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v 1._o that_o only_o such_o as_o have_v themselves_o or_o their_o predecessor_n be_v infest_v be_v only_o such_o for_o nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nulla_fw-la terra_fw-la and_o so_o a_o disposition_n or_o charter_n or_o a_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la make_v not_o a_o thief_n to_o fall_v under_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act._n yet_o some_o think_v a_o heir_n serve_v and_o retour_v do_v fall_v within_o this_o signification_n though_o he_o be_v not_o infest_v because_o his_o lie_v out_o be_v his_o own_o fault_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o defend_v he_o 2._o i_o think_v that_o a_o person_n who_o be_v once_o a_o baron_n if_o he_o be_v thereafter_o denude_v fall_v not_o under_o it_o for_o albeit_o semel_fw-la baro_fw-la be_v semper_fw-la baro_fw-la in_o our_o law_n yet_o that_o maxim_n hold_v only_o presumptive_a and_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v actual_o denude_v that_o will_v liberat_fw-la he_o from_fw-la vicious_a intromission_n much_o more_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v forfaulter_v and_o statutory_a crime_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v by_o ordinary_a theft_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v theft_n without_o any_o aggravation_n of_o violence_n hership_n etc._n etc._n by_o stouthreif_n be_v mean_v violent_a and_o masterful_a theft_n and_o as_o this_o kind_n of_o theft_n have_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o be_v treason_n so_o it_o be_v just_a that_o it_o shall_v participate_v of_o all_o the_o advantage_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v as_o traitor_n &_o quem_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la incommoda_fw-la eum_fw-la debent_fw-la sequi_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o a_o process_n found_v upon_o this_o species_n of_o theft_n as_o be_v find_v in_o july_n 1668._o where_o a_o process_n intent_a against_o a_o land_a man_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o wigtown_n be_v advocate_n to_o the_o justice_n upon_o this_o reason_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n be_v conceive_v in_o odium_fw-la and_o for_o repress_v of_o theft_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v quarrellable_n before_o every_o judge_n for_o thereby_o many_o will_v be_v deter_v from_o pursuit_n against_o land_a man_n and_o albeit_o the_o punishment_n be_v in_o this_o theft_n great_a than_o in_o other_o yet_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n be_v no_o more_o intricat_a here_o then_o in_o other_o case_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o ordinary_a theft_n which_o the_o justice_n find_v he_o can_v not_o do_v because_o the_o relevance_n and_o probation_n will_v be_v eadem_fw-la utrobique_fw-la and_o albeit_o the_o pairty_a will_v restrict_n as_o say_v be_v yet_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v at_o any_o time_n thereafter_o find_v a_o process_n of_o forefaulter_n and_o need_v no_o more_o probation_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n wauch_n though_o the_o sheriff_n of_o selkirk_n have_v only_o fyned_fw-we the_o thief_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v a_o declarator_n of_o escheat_n upon_o that_o same_o verdict_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v find_v by_o they_o guilty_a of_o theft_n for_o the_o lord_n think_v that_o private_a party_n can_v by_o no_o declaration_n nor_o deed_n of_o they_o prejudge_v his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o ground_n it_o may_v be_v debare_v that_o when_o a_o land_a man_n be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v restrict_n his_o pursuit_n to_o a_o pursuit_n of_o common_a theft_n as_o also_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi failzie_v to_o prove_v in_o this_o case_n commit_v treason_n because_o he_o who_o pursue_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n if_o he_o be_v find_v calumnious_a commit_v treason_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o the_o council_n can_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n here_o see_v they_o can_v remit_v treason_n yet_o in_o their_o statutory_a treason_n the_o council_n ordinary_o mitigat_n or_o convert_v the_o punishment_n nor_o see_v i_o any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v allege_v that_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v not_o make_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n but_o be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o theft_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v as_o treason_n though_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o for_o these_o two_o be_v differrent_fw-la xiii_o this_o crime_n of_o theft_n become_v sometime_o atrocious_a and_o so_o shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n because_o of_o the_o irreclaimablenesse_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o triple_a theft_n be_v capital_a in_o inferior_a court_n though_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a because_o this_o show_v a_o habit_n or_o double_a these_o if_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o by_o the_o first_o statute_n da_n 2._o §_o 4._o a_o thief_n banish_v be_v take_v again_o in_o these_o territory_n from_o which_o he_o be_v banish_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o severity_n and_o the_o break_n of_o pink_a dove_n coat_n etc._n etc._n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n at_o the_o three_o rhyme_n act._n 84._o i._o 6._o p._n 6._o the_o way_n likewise_o whereby_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v make_v it_o oft_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_a as_o the_o steal_n by_o false_a key_n or_o break_v house_n and_o enchantment_n and_o if_o it_o be_v commit_v masterful_o as_o we_o use_v to_o speak_v which_o be_v call_v
the_o offer_n have_v before_o their_o examination_n come_v to_o light_n ix_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o falsify_v money_n falsum_fw-la nummartum_fw-la which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v common_o except_v out_o of_o remission_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o crightoun_n remission_n march_v 15._o 1661._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v 1._o by_o forge_v true_a money_n without_o authority_n 2._o by_o coin_v false_a money_n and_o impress_v copper_n lead_v or_o any_o base_a metal_n with_o the_o stamp_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o other_o currant_n money_n 2._o by_o mix_v and_o ally_v worset_n with_o noble_a metal_n in_o currant_n coin_n 4._o by_o vent_v and_o pass_v or_o out-putting_a as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o the_o adulterate_a money_n coin_a by_o other_o or_o entertain_v the_o forger_n or_o be_v art_n and_o part_v red_a or_o of_o the_o council_n with_o the_o coiner_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la probos_fw-la nummos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la in_o officina_fw-la publica_fw-la tenentur_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n nummaria_fw-la l._n 12._o c._n de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la monet_fw-la qui_fw-la adulterinos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la veros_fw-la adulterant_fw-la radunt_fw-la fingunt_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la cunque_fw-la &_o l._n seque_fw-la ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n qui_fw-la nammos_fw-la probos_fw-la lavant_fw-la constant_a aut_fw-la vultu_fw-la principum_fw-la signatos_fw-la reprobant_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr vet_n numis_fw-la pot_n by_o our_o law_n every_o burgh_n shall_v have_v a_o clipping-house_n which_o be_v a_o house_n for_o try_v money_n for_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o clip_v and_o swear_v man_n who_o shall_v clip_v evil_a money_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o penny_n for_o ilk_fw-mi pound_n that_o be_v clip_v and_o the_o haver_n be_v to_o tine_n the_o false-money_n i._o 6._o p._n 1._o c._n 19_o and_o the_o clip_a money_n if_o it_o be_v evil_a stuff_n or_o false_a coin_n shall_v be_v return_v to_o the_o owner_n i._o 4._o p._n 4._o act_n 4._o they_o who_o falsify_v money_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n iron_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la punish_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n act_n 124._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o it_o be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n yet_o we_o have_v no_o law_n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la nummario_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o this_o except_o act_n 40._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o punish_v only_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o black_a money_n with_o death_n by_o the_o act_n 70._o p._n 9_o q._n m._n the_o home-bringer_n of_o false_a coin_v or_o lay-money_n shall_v be_v dilate_v and_o the_o dilater_n be_v to_o have_v the_o half_a of_o all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a for_o his_o reveal_n and_o it_o seem_v by_o that_o act_n that_o it_o be_v make_v treason_n for_o confiscation_n of_o land_n or_o movable_a good_n be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o i_o find_v no_o other_o act_n that_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o drummond_n conviction_n as_o a_o traitor_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr practica_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v be_v diverse_o punish_v reid_n be_v hang_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n with_o the_o king_n iron_n july_n 13._o 1602._o drummond_n burn_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n novemb_n 27._o 1601._o and_o his_o brother_n patrick_n drummond_n burn_v also_o for_o art_n and_o part_n red_a counsel_n and_o conceal_v the_o treasonable_a forge_n coin_v and_o out-putting_a for_o vent_v be_v still_o a_o crime_n and_o be_v design_v out-putting_a in_o our_o style_n of_o false_a money_n meinzy_n also_o be_v hang_v for_o art_n and_o part_n as_o say_v be_v june_n 30._o 1603._o thomson_n be_v hang_v and_o forefault_n for_o bring_v home_o and_o out-putting_a false_a money_n january_n 19_o 1603._o x._o the_o four_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n adulterinae_fw-la staterae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n l._n annonam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n &_o falsae_fw-la measurae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la relegationem_fw-la ibid._n with_o we_o the_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o old_a be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a leg_n burg._n cap._n 52._o and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o the_o first_o three_o fault_n but_o the_o forth_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n because_o the_o committer_n life_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v cap._n 74._o ibid._n but_o now_o such_o as_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n deceive_v the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v as_o falsar_n act_n 47._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o by_o which_o act_n haver_n can_v be_v punish_v except_o they_o use_v since_o the_o act_n ordain_v user_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o mention_n only_o such_o as_o deceive_v the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o do_v without_o use_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n parl._n 19_o ja._n 6._o the_o user_n of_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v to_o tine_n their_o hail_n good_n and_o geir_n which_o punishment_n derogat_n not_o from_o the_o former_a act_n inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o falsit_fw-la as_o have_v be_v debate_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o deforcement_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la i_o find_v that_o brown_n be_v fyne_v for_o false_a measure_n by_o the_o council_n warrant_v in_o 100_o mark_n pen._n july_n 1629._o and_o that_o porteus_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o use_v be_v not_o prove_v since_o have_v of_o false_a weight_n in_o the_o shop_n presume_v use_v except_o this_o presumption_n be_v take_v off_o as_o by_o allege_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v present_o buy_v or_o borrow_v or_o lay_v aside_o as_o light_v may_n 1671._o by_o the_o foresay_a last_o act_n the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o stewart_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n but_o their_o commission_n there_o be_v only_o tempory_o for_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o these_o be_v not_o otherways_o judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n else_o this_o commission_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a the_o use_v also_o a_o long_a ell_n or_o yard_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o here_o the_o merchant_n himself_o be_v only_o prejudge_v for_o he_o may_v receive_v as_o well_o as_o give_v out_o by_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o law_n presume_v that_o a_o man_n will_v keep_v any_o measure_n to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n in_o elgin_n pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n july_n ult_n 1672._o for_o false_a weight_n in_o swaâ—_n far_o as_o he_o go_v to_o a_o mercat_n drag_v his_o tobacco_n after_o the_o boat_n in_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o make_v it_o weigh_v more_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o so_o the_o people_n be_v cheat_v but_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o though_o the_o defender_n allege_v that_o this_o be_v do_v for_o keep_v the_o tobacco_n from_o dry_v too_o much_o and_o moulder_v into_o piece_n yet_o the_o magistrate_n of_o elgin_n have_v fyned_fw-we he_o former_o for_o the_o same_o fault_n in_o 20._o pound_n scot_n even_o for_o the_o ill_a example_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la tenetur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la mercatura_fw-la addit_fw-la inutile_fw-la ut_fw-la pulverem_fw-la arenam_fw-la etc._n etc._n aut_fw-la species_n aridas_fw-la detinet_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la humido_fw-la carp_n pag._n 375._o xi_o falshood_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n vid._n stellionatum_fw-la and_o by_o present_v one_o person_n for_o another_o at_o the_o subscribe_v of_o paper_n suppositio_fw-la salsae_fw-la personae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la partum_fw-la svi_fw-la positum_fw-la by_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v one_o david_n donaldson_n hang_v for_o this_o imposture_n have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o false_a person_n who_o design_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v by_o the_o agreement_n have_v subscribe_v the_o assignation_n decemb._n 12._o 1611._o the_o suppose_v a_o false_a birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lay_n in_o one_o child_n for_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o false_a deed_n with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n since_o thereby_o man_n be_v cheat_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n l._n ad_fw-la corn._n the_o fall_v the_o word_n whereof_o be_v periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la subeat_fw-la be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o death_n boer_n decis_fw-la 82._o and_o the_o midwife_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o a_o false_a child_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n pegner_n decis_fw-la 80._o but_o i_o find_v that_o farin_n relate_v that_o periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n extend_v no_o further_o than_o scourge_v but_o yet_o since_o this_o be_v a_o great_a cheat_n and_o do_v steal_v away_o a_o estate_n from_o the_o righteous_a heir_n and_o adulterats_n the_o offspring_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v panish_v as_o severe_o
inflict_v of_o such_o punishment_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o kirk_n session_n the_o 15._o of_o february_n 1669._o but_o though_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n where_o they_o be_v scandal_n yet_o in_o verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o person_n of_o quality_n which_o be_v call_v in_o law_n scandala_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o council_n sustain_v itself_o judge_v competent_a the_o king_n be_v as_o the_o author_n so_o the_o protector_n of_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o peerage_n and_o in_o verbal_a injury_n likewise_o do_v to_o magistrate_n the_o council_n be_v also_o judge_n magistrate_n represent_v the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o instrument_n in_o the_o government_n when_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v by_o member_n of_o a_o court_n to_o one_o another_o that_o court_n be_v likewise_o judge_v competent_a all_o court_n how_o inferior_a soever_o have_v a_o innat_fw-la power_n to_o chastise_v its_o own_o member_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o esteem_n due_a to_o itself_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o stranger_n who_o have_v a_o process_n depend_v before_o any_o other_o court_n as_o the_o session_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n do_v abuse_v contumelious_o any_o three_o party_n though_o no_o member_n yet_o these_o respective_a court_n may_v punish_v the_o same_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v in_o face_n of_o judgement_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v to_o any_o inferior_a judge_n extrajudicial_o that_o judge_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o his_o office_n he_o may_v likewise_o punish_v the_o same_o except_o the_o offender_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n extrajudicial_o injure_v must_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n but_o can_v imprison_v they_o summary_o because_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v these_o member_n may_v be_v abstract_v from_o serve_v the_o liedge_n as_o a_o advocate_n when_o he_o be_v to_o plead_v a_o cause_n or_o a_o clerk_n when_o he_o be_v to_o give_v out_o a_o decreet_a and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v frequent_o so_o decide_v though_o verbal_a injury_n amount_v to_o scandal_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o commissar_n yet_o where_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o of_o scandal_n but_o be_v rather_o reflection_n upon_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o to_o call_v a_o gentleman_n a_o puppy_n or_o a_o ass_n it_o may_v be_v the_o privy_a council_n and_o not_o the_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a the_o commissar_n be_v also_o judge_n competent_a to_o adultery_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v divorce_n vid._n tit_n adulterii_fw-la iii_o how_o far_o the_o commissar_n and_o inferior_a judge_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o improve_n of_o writ_n and_o declare_v they_o false_a have_v be_v various_o decide_v but_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o no_o inferior_a judge_n be_v competent_a to_o try_v the_o falsehood_n of_o writ_n by_o the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o presumption_n for_o that_o way_n of_o trial_n be_v in_o effect_n nobilis_fw-la officii_fw-la be_v only_o competent_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n 2._o commissar_n and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o improbation_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a if_o improbation_n be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_n for_o then_o the_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n fall_v in_o necessary_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o without_o this_o be_v allow_v to_o these_o inferior_a judge_n they_o can_v proceed_v in_o no_o case_n for_o if_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o upon_o a_o bond_n they_o behove_v to_o sist_z if_o the_o bond_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v false_a or_o to_o stop_v if_o the_o defender_n shall_v offer_v to_o improve_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o action_n even_o where_o the_o direct_a manner_n be_v extant_a as_o be_v decide_v the_o last_o of_o november_n 1630._o williamson_n contra_fw-la cushney_n 3._o if_o the_o commissar_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n pronounce_v once_o a_o decreet_a he_o can_v thereafter_o reduce_v his_o own_o decreet_a as_o have_v proceed_v upon_o false_a execution_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o officer_n since_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n competent_a to_o such_o forgery_n incidenter_n but_o after_o sentence_n they_o be_v functi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v the_o 29._o of_o january_n 1677._o cowan_n contra_fw-la the_o commissar_n of_o glasgows_n phiscal_n and_o according_a to_o these_o conclusion_n the_o late_a instruction_n give_v to_o the_o commissar_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v title_n xi_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o regality_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o origine_fw-la of_o regality_n 2._o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n 3._o why_o the_o heritor_n of_o a_o regality_n be_v call_v a_o lord_n of_o regality_n 4._o whether_o his_o majesty_n may_v erect_v regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o heritable_a jurisdiction_n 5._o they_o can_v repledge_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n nor_o from_o justice_n air_n 6._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o ecclesiastic_a and_o laic_a regality_n and_o from_o who_o they_o may_v repledge_a 7._o the_o form_n of_o a_o repledgiation_n 8._o regalities_n must_v have_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o to_o what_o that_o burgh_n be_v tie_v 9_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n power_n i._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n to_o which_o regality_n owe_v their_o origine_fw-la alia_fw-la erant_fw-la regalia_z alia_fw-la erant_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o regalia_z and_o regality_n regalia_z be_v such_o privilege_n as_o immediate_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o do_v not_o original_o belong_v to_o nor_o can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o else_o such_o as_o to_o coin_v money_n to_o open_a mine_n of_o silver_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o regality_n be_v fews_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o a_o subject_a they_o have_v as_o large_a a_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o sheriff_n have_v in_o civil_n or_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_o the_o habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la of_o grant_v which_o right_n be_v by_o signator_n whereupon_o a_o charter_n follow_v which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n ii_o regality_n be_v account_v inferior_a judicatur_n cap_n 76._o quon_n attach_v by_o which_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v judge_v the_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o regality_n be_v express_o number_v among_o inferior_a court_n act_n 173._o parl._n 13._o k._n ja._n 6._o by_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o statute_n that_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o person_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n shall_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o he_o who_o strike_v any_o before_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n shall_v only_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n but_o though_o they_o be_v account_v inferior_a judge_n when_o compare_v with_o the_o justice_n or_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a yet_o they_o have_v great_a power_n in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedor_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proportion_v of_o their_o fine_n than_o sheriff_n or_o other_o inferior_a judge_n have_v for_o they_o may_v fine_v in_o a_o hundred_o pound_n though_o sheriff_n and_o other_o can_v as_o be_v find_v the_o 30_o of_o january_n 1663._o stewart_n against_o bogle_n and_o general_o they_o have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o the_o same_o allowance_n with_o the_o justice_n except_o when_o a_o express_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o the_o 43._o act_n 11._o parl._n k._n ja._n 2._o appoint_v that_o no_o regality_n shall_v be_v grant_v without_o deliverance_n of_o parliament_n which_o nullity_n of_o old_a can_v not_o have_v be_v receive_v ope_v exceptionis_fw-la if_o it_o be_v clad_v with_o possession_n have_v 1610._o and_o they_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o revocation_n by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o be_v otherwise_o grant_v as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o revocation_n 1633._o and_o all_o precede_a iii_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n the_o regality_n be_v grant_v be_v still_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o regality_n though_o he_o be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o baron_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v because_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n tria_fw-la erant_fw-la tantum_fw-la feuda_fw-la regalem_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la habentia_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la inerat_fw-la jurisdictio_fw-la regalis_fw-la viz_o ducatus_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o jurisdiction_n by_o our_o law_n but_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n that_o jurisdiction_n be_v grant_v either_o in_o property_n or_o superiority_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v find_v that_o his_o majesty_n palace_n though_o situate_v in_o burgh_n of_o
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
the_o law_n for_o satisfy_v either_o public_a or_o private_a revenge_n 3._o since_o our_o law_n do_v punish_v perjury_n and_o poind_v of_o ox_n usury_n stellionatus_fw-la and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o as_o these_o crime_n be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o they_o shall_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n nam_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la naturale_fw-la quam_fw-la unumquodque_fw-la eo_fw-la modo_fw-la dissolvi_fw-la quo_fw-la colligatum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la incommodum_fw-la enim_fw-la sequt_fw-la debent_fw-la commoda_fw-la and_o the_o act_n 1617._o do_v introduce_v prescription_n with_o we_o as_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v because_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n 4._o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o the_o defender_n death_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o period_n of_o time_n whereby_o family_n may_v be_v secure_a and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a after_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o year_n to_o vex_v family_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o interest_n upon_o pretext_n of_o crime_n commit_v by_o their_o predecessor_n 5_o this_o prescription_n be_v very_o just_o introduce_v to_o punish_v the_o negligence_n of_o such_o as_o will_v not_o pursue_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v most_o presumeable_a that_o if_o they_o pursue_v after_o they_o have_v delay_v for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n that_o any_o pursuit_n thereafter_o intent_a be_v rather_o intent_a upon_o some_o supervenient_a quarrel_n and_o picque_n then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o crime_n 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o guilt_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o sufficient_a punishment_n and_o so_o god_n almighty_a himself_o think_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cain_n and_o therefore_o to_o punish_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v to_o punish_v twice_o by_o our_o law_n recent_a crime_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o as_o murder_v with_o red_a hand_n and_o the_o thief_n take_v with_o the_o fang_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o crime_n grow_v old_a by_o so_o much_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o less_o punish_v 7_o the_o necessity_n of_o example_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o punishment_n fail_v in_o old_a crime_n so_o the_o punishment_n shall_v then_o also_o be_v remit_v as_o unnecessary_a to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v much_o more_o found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o our_o law_n be_v as_o shall_v be_v clear_o prove_v there_o need_v no_o particular_a statute_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o especial_o see_v this_o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n in_o crime_n have_v in_o effect_n become_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n who_o have_v many_o statute_n in_o other_o case_n have_v yet_o allow_v of_o this_o prescription_n without_o any_o particular_a statute_n 2._o there_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o a_o act_n shall_v have_v be_v necessary_a for_o prescription_n in_o civiltbus_n then_o in_o crime_n because_o in_o civil_a case_n the_o roman_a law_n be_v very_o various_a and_o quoad_fw-la the_o particular_a period_n of_o time_n be_v alter_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a state_n of_o their_o affair_n but_o in_o criminal_o their_o prescription_n be_v exact_o observe_v by_o all_o nation_n and_o be_v very_o reasonable_a and_o there_o be_v express_o jus_o quaesitum_fw-la incivilibus_fw-la to_o every_o private_a person_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o crime_n where_o in_o effect_n at_o first_o there_o be_v no_o express_a jus_o quaesitum_fw-la either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o private_a party_n but_o only_o à _fw-la â—otestas_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la for_o the_o jus_o cue_n situm_fw-la be_v only_o by_o the_o sentence_n for_o before_o sentence_n the_o fisk_n can_v not_o dispon_n upon_o and_o so_o have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o malefactor_n good_n and_o this_o answer_n likewise_o the_o second_o reason_n to_o the_o second_o three_o four_o and_o five_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o doubtless_o the_o wise_a roman_n and_o other_o nation_n can_v not_o but_o have_v these_o inconvenience_n under_o consideration_n when_o they_o introduce_v the_o foresay_a prescription_n in_o crime_n and_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v particular_o answer_v that_o if_o private_a party_n will_v not_o pursue_v their_o revenge_n they_o just_o lose_v the_o capacity_n by_o their_o negligence_n and_o his_o majesty_n have_v so_o many_o swear_a officer_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o inconvenience_n will_v arise_v through_o want_n of_o information_n but_o if_o there_o do_v it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a that_o these_o negligent_a judge_n shall_v be_v punish_v especial_o see_v there_o be_v express_a law_n appoint_v negligent_a officer_n in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o negative_a argument_n bring_v from_o the_o not_o be_v of_o a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o conclude_v for_o as_o in_o many_o other_o case_n so_o this_o may_v have_v be_v argue_v as_o strong_o as_o here_o against_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n when_o he_o of_o old_a crave_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o traitor_n may_v be_v forefault_v for_o their_o predecessor_n guilt_n and_o when_o he_o of_o late_o crave_v that_o probation_n may_v be_v lead_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n in_o either_o of_o which_o case_n there_o be_v neither_o act_n nor_o practic_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n have_v be_v allege_v but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o the_o five_o the_o crime_n be_v take_v away_o by_o so_o long_a a_o time_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o take_v away_o a_o man_n life_n upon_o the_o former_a prescription_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v a_o sufficient_a punishment_n for_o all_o the_o malice_n arise_v from_o that_o prescription_n neither_o be_v it_o presume_v but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n continue_v to_o be_v ill_a he_o will_v be_v pursue_v within_o twenty_o year_n and_o if_o he_o do_v for_o twenty_o year_n live_v so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o as_o that_o the_o law_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o former_a crime_n there_o be_v little_a hazard_n of_o any_o future_a malice_n and_o to_o this_o opinion_n i_o rather_o incline_v because_o carpzov_n relate_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o saxony_n prescription_n be_v only_o introduce_v by_o express_a statute_n in_o moveable_n and_o heritage_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n as_o to_o prescription_n in_o criminal_o yet_o these_o prescribe_v also_o in_o twenty_o year_n because_o that_o prescription_n introduce_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v not_o express_o abrogate_a among_o they_o nam_fw-la non_fw-la praesumendum_fw-la est_fw-la totam_fw-la praescriptionum_fw-la observationem_fw-la tantis_fw-la vigiliis_fw-la excogitatam_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la legislatorem_fw-la evertere_fw-la voluisse_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o simili_fw-la casu_fw-la dicit_fw-la imperator_fw-la l._n 34._o c._n de_fw-fr in_o offic_n test_n &_o petr._n heigh_o part_n 1._o quest_n 26._o num_fw-la 47._o with_fw-mi carpzov_fw-mi part_n 3._o quest_n 141._o title_n xxx_o of_o punishment_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la 1._o the_o design_n of_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o crucify_a or_o banishment_n be_v lawful_a punishment_n 3._o whether_o a_o man_n can_v bind_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n 4._o whether_o arbitrary_a punishment_n can_v extend_v to_o death_n 5._o the_o loss_n of_o life_n be_v still_o follow_v by_o loss_n of_o moveable_n 6._o how_o far_o can_v ignorance_n anger_n drunkenness_n or_o command_v either_o excuse_n from_o punishment_n or_o lessen_v they_o 7._o how_o far_o do_v nobility_n or_o great_a merit_n excuse_n or_o mitigat_fw-la punishment_n 8._o how_o far_o do_v the_o inconsiderableness_n of_o the_o transgression_n mitigat_fw-la or_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n i._o punishment_n be_v inflict_v not_o only_o to_o satisfy_v either_o the_o public_a revenge_n of_o the_o law_n or_o the_o private_a revenge_n of_o the_o party_n but_o rather_o to_o deter_v other_o for_o the_o future_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v rather_o inflict_v upon_o either_o of_o these_o design_n then_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n and_o make_v he_o insensible_a for_o what_o be_v do_v can_v no_o more_o be_v help_v some_o crime_n be_v so_o horrid_a and_o so_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v the_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v punish_v public_o thus_o some_o crime_n have_v be_v try_v in_o scotland_n at_o midnight_n and_o the_o malefactor_n immediate_o drown_v in_o the_o north-loch_a