without_o insert_v any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n wherein_o also_o i_o find_v that_o malefactor_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n for_o bestiality_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o one_o who_o assert_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v a_o curiosity_n he_o contract_v at_o his_o see_v one_o execute_v for_o it_o and_o in_o such_o crime_n no_o man_n needs_o to_o be_v deter_v nor_o wâ—ll_n terror_n restrain_v he_o who_o nature_n can_v since_o than_o execution_n for_o some_o crime_n incite_v some_o to_o curiosity_n and_o vex_v other_o with_o horror_n and_o be_v necessary_a to_o none_o some_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o punish_v private_o then_o public_o and_o thus_o such_o person_n as_o be_v popular_a and_o be_v execute_v only_o for_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o people_n have_v a_o kindness_n will_v be_v more_o happy_o execute_v private_o then_o public_o because_o the_o person_n execute_v be_v by_o public_a execution_n obleidge_v to_o die_v rebellious_o and_o the_o people_n be_v confirm_v in_o their_o good_a opinion_n of_o they_o by_o their_o courage_n at_o death_n ii_o constantine_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o malefactor_n shall_v be_v crucify_v and_o this_o he_o do_v because_o of_o his_o respect_n to_o the_o cross_n he_o likewise_o do_v forbid_v to_o stigmatize_v the_o face_n l._n 17._o c._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la because_o the_o face_n be_v god_n image_n martyrus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o banishment_n be_v not_o lawful_a lest_o the_o person_n so_o punish_v shall_v be_v force_v to_o live_v among_o turk_n and_o other_o by_o who_o he_o may_v become_v more_o flagitious_a then_o former_o and_o i_o have_v oft_o think_v it_o inhuman_a to_o send_v our_o malefactor_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o imprudent_a because_o it_o will_v occasion_v the_o send_n of_o they_o from_o home_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v likewise_o trouble_v with_o such_o as_o they_o have_v banish_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o correction-house_n will_v be_v both_o safe_a and_o more_o advantageous_a for_o in_o these_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o public_a who_o they_o have_v offend_v but_o with_o we_o no_o judge_n can_v confine_v a_o man_n who_o he_o banish_v to_o any_o place_n without_o his_o jurisdiction_n because_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n over_o other_o country_n and_o so_o can_v make_v any_o act_n nor_o pronounce_v any_o sentence_n relative_a to_o they_o torture_v punishment_n at_o death_n be_v also_o very_o inexcusable_a for_o they_o ofttimes_o occasion_v blasphemy_n in_o the_o die_a malefactor_n and_o so_o damn_v both_o soul_n and_o body_n whereas_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o leave_v quiet_o this_o earth_n and_o go_v in_o peace_n to_o the_o region_n of_o peace_n nor_o do_v these_o terrify_v other_o from_o the_o like_a offence_n for_o these_o who_o fear_v not_o death_n will_v fear_v nothing_o iii_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n among_o the_o civilian_n that_o no_o man_n can_v obliedge_v himself_o to_o any_o thing_n under_o a_o corporal_a pain_n quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n to_o obliedge_v himself_o never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n thus_o hamiltoun_n be_v hang_v anno_fw-la 1649._o for_o return_v to_o scotland_n after_o she_o haâ—_n enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o her_o dittay_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o that_o contravention_n and_o certain_o contempt_n be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a guilt_n may_v make_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v not_o capital_a become_v so_o and_o this_o contravention_n imply_v in_o effect_n paenam_fw-la effracti_fw-la carceris_fw-la which_o be_v ofttimes_o capital_a so_o that_o though_o a_o person_n can_v bind_v himself_o when_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o no_o crime_n to_o perform_v any_o thing_n under_o pain_n of_o life_n or_o limb_n yet_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n he_o may_v consent_v and_o enact_v himself_o as_o say_v be_v iv._o whether_o when_o law_n allow_v a_o judge_n a_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o punish_v that_o judge_n may_v inflict_v death_n in_o that_o case_n be_v much_o controvert_v chassan_n and_o socin_n think_v that_o he_o can_v and_o this_o seem_v clear_a 1.4_o qui_fw-la vexant_fw-la annonam_fw-la debent_fw-la puniri_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la animae_fw-la amissione_n inst._n the_o publ_n ind_z and_o pappon_o relate_v a_o decision_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n find_v that_o it_o can_v not_o 2._o this_o will_v make_v judge_n very_o arbitrary_a and_o render_v the_o life_n and_o fortoun_n of_o the_o liege_n very_o unsecure_a 3._o see_v lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o a_o express_a law_n it_o seem_v very_o consequential_a to_o this_o that_o no_o man_n life_n can_v be_v take_v away_o upon_o so_o general_a a_o law_n 4._o by_o the_o 20._o act_n parl._n 1_o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o death_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v oppose_v for_o these_o who_o have_v pass_v sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n beat_v or_o curse_v parent_n be_v ordain_v to_o die_v but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o sixteen_o and_o past_a pupilarity_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v arbitrar_o punish_v whereas_o if_o arbitrary_a punishment_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n this_o difference_n will_v be_v ineffectual_a and_o the_o law_n thereby_o evacuat_a and_o by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o say_v and_o hear_v mess_n be_v escheat_v of_o their_o good_n and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o so_o that_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o less_o than_o death_n else_o the_o first_o fault_n shall_v be_v as_o seveer_o punish_v as_o the_o three_o against_o both_o the_o principal_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 5._o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v appoint_v ordinary_o for_o so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a fault_n that_o it_o be_v inhuman_a to_o think_v that_o these_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o death_n skeen_n also_o de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n verb._n iter_fw-la say_v that_o if_o the_o panel_n come_v in_o will_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_v he_o according_a to_o his_o offence_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o of_o his_o power_n to_o inflâ—ct_v death_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o yet_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 6._o l._n malcolimbi_fw-la vers_fw-la 2._o wherein_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o the_o marischal_n and_o constable_n shall_v punish_v offender_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n observe_v that_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la may_v be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o death_n because_o of_o the_o aggradge_v circumstance_n and_o cite_v for_o this_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n &_o 16._o de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la but_o these_o law_n be_v ill_o cite_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o read_v they_o when_o the_o pain_n be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n arbitrary_a and_o the_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n he_o must_v present_o find_v caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n will_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n this_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n and_o be_v practise_v the_o 22._o of_o november_n 1600._o advocatus_fw-la contra_fw-la patrick_n mc._n creif_n and_o other_o but_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a and_o determinat_fw-la punishment_n there_o though_o a_o defender_n come_v in_o will_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v and_o thus_o the_o marquis_n of_o argile_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o parliament_n for_o treason_n offer_v to_o come_v in_o will_n but_o his_o submission_n be_v not_o accept_v v._o it_o be_v uncontravert_v with_o we_o if_o when_o any_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o the_o act_n bear_v not_o that_o the_o crime_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n and_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n proscriptus_fw-la eratis_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la expressim_fw-la confiscabantur_fw-la damnatus_fw-la vero_fw-la cujus_fw-la bona_fw-la tacit_a publicatio_fw-la enim_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sequebatur_fw-la tacit_a paenam_fw-la capitalem_fw-la matheus_n cap._n 2._o de_fw-la sicartis_fw-la num_fw-la 2._o and_o albeit_o the_o judge_n shall_v omit_v in_o his_o sentence_n the_o punishment_n due_a by_o law_n yet_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la there_o be_v by_o the_o damnation_n jus_o quaesitum_fw-la fisco_fw-la as_o be_v find_v after_o a_o large_a debate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wauch_n who_o be_v a_o land_a man_n find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n though_o he_o be_v only_o fine_v by_o the_o sheriff_n in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n yet_o the_o donator_n to_o the_o escheat_n be_v find_v to_o have_v
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la during_o popery_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o doctor_n who_o think_v heresy_n crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la alcia_n in_o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 37._o the_o offic_n ord_n but_o they_o just_o conclude_v as_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o punishment_n to_o the_o secular_a judge_n and_o this_o canonist_n call_v tradere_fw-la hâ—reticum_fw-la brachio_n seculari_fw-la and_o clarus_n do_v so_o far_a appropiat_fw-la this_o trial_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n that_o he_o allow_v not_o so_o much_o the_o secular_a judge_n as_o the_o power_n of_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n and_o yet_o now_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la to_o such_o as_o hear_v or_o say_v mass_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o be_v in_o general_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n as_o guilty_a of_o heresy_n and_o yet_o the_o popish_a church_n be_v still_o judge_n to_o the_o protestant_n though_o they_o be_v condemn_v in_o general_a as_o heretic_n for_o the_o heretic_n be_v try_v and_o condemn_v first_o by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a judge_n among_o they_o the_o second_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o act_n be_v that_o among_o ecclesiastic_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o first_o judge_n in_o heresy_n which_o be_v also_o conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 5._o after_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v a_o confession_n of_o faith_n make_v and_o be_v set_v down_o by_o king_n james_n in_o his_o first_o parliament_n and_o ratify_v act_n 4._o and_o they_o who_o profess_v not_o the_o true_a religion_n may_v not_o be_v a_o judge_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o heritable_a office_n procurator_n nor_o member_n in_o any_o court_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o such_o churchman_n as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v that_o confession_n be_v deprive_v ja._n 6._o pa._n 3._o act_n 46._o and_o all_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v be_v to_o be_v repute_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n act_n 47._o iv._o our_o law_n fear_v the_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o romish_a church_n more_o than_o the_o hazard_n arise_v from_o any_o else_o have_v be_v more_o severe_a to_o these_o than_o to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o sayer_n or_o hearer_n of_o mass_n or_o such_o as_o be_v present_a thereat_o be_v punish_v 5._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 6._o by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o fault_n and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o hear_v mass_n for_o curiosity_n may_v be_v thus_o punish_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a abroad_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o heresy_n must_v be_v a_o act_n upon_o design_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n make_v no_o distinction_n here_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n immovable_a be_v mean_v land_n and_o heritage_n for_o they_o be_v call_v bona_fw-la immobilia_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o this_o shall_v only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a bond_n and_o such_o like_a but_o not_o to_o land_n for_o heritage_n use_v always_o to_o be_v express_v distinct_o when_o the_o confiscation_n of_o it_o be_v design_v and_o if_o heritage_n be_v forefault_v by_o the_o first_o fault_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o second_o fault_n which_o be_v only_a banishment_n nor_o do_v heritage_n use_v to_o be_v express_v under_o the_o word_n good_n but_o thereafter_o the_o sayer_n of_o mass_n and_o traffic_v papist_n and_o the_o receiver_n of_o they_o against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o treason_n act_n 120._o pa._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o from_o these_o word_n against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o only_o such_o jesuit_n and_o other_o as_o traffic_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n such_o as_o these_o who_o attempt_v the_o gun-powder-treason_n or_o to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v rebellion_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o treason_n which_o seem_v the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v simple_a endeavour_v to_o persuade_v other_o in_o mere_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o be_v treason_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o such_o jesuit_n or_o traffic_v papist_n or_o receipter_n of_o either_o as_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o kirk_n be_v not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n so_o that_o here_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o repentance_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o though_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o heretic_n conform_v to_o the_o abovecited_a 5._o act._n 1._o pa._n ja._n 6._o for_o the_o act_n only_o declare_v that_o the_o penalty_n foresay_a shall_v not_o strike_v against_o they_o and_o though_o as_o i_o observe_v former_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n may_v by_o repentance_n save_o themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o declare_v liable_a to_o other_o punishment_n such_o as_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n but_o yet_o since_o our_o law_n appoint_v no_o other_o punishment_n against_o trafficker_n and_o receipter_n of_o jesuit_n but_o what_o be_v express_v here_o and_o that_o the_o punishment_n here_o express_v be_v take_v off_o in_o case_n of_o repentance_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v in_o case_n of_o repentance_n against_o these_o and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o mere_a error_n in_o faith_n shall_v be_v pardon_v by_o mere_a repentance_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n the_o former_a act_n seem_v to_o stand_v the_o seller_n also_o and_o disperser_n of_o erroneous_a and_o popish_a book_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o 25._o act_n 11._o pa._n ja._n 6._o but_o the_o statutory_a word_n run_v only_o against_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o such_o book_n the_o book_n also_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v and_o warrant_n be_v give_v to_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n with_o a_o minister_n to_o intromet_n with_o they_o without_o hazard_n of_o spuilzie_a but_o yet_o the_o practica_fw-la other_o officer_n such_o as_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o regality_n do_v intromet_n with_o such_o book_n though_o they_o be_v not_o warrant_v and_o though_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o though_o the_o act_n ordain_v a_o minister_n to_o be_v present_a which_o be_v certain_o appoint_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o book_n be_v popish_a yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la magistrate_n use_v to_o intromet_n without_o have_v a_o minister_n present_a i_o find_v no_o express_a punishment_n against_o other_o heretic_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la be_v other_o heretic_n punish_v corporal_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v conform_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o that_o general_a act_n of_o k._n james_n the_o first_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v as_o also_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o banish_v only_a jesuit_n and_o sayer_n of_o mass_n as_o be_v do_v december_n 9_o 1573._o mr_n john_n robertson_n be_v banish_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n he_o enact_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n v._o the_o common_a law_n or_o doctor_n have_v introduce_v many_o specialty_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o crime_n as_o first_o that_o less_o clear_a probation_n be_v admit_v in_o prove_v heresy_n than_o other_o crime_n clar._n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 20._o and_o by_o a_o old_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la woman_n and_o pupil_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o we_o to_o prove_v hear_v and_o say_v of_o mass_n else_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v 2._o a_o heretic_n may_v be_v try_v after_o death_n alber._n in_o rubr_n h._n t._n which_o they_o say_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o a_o heretic_n find_v guilty_a by_o probation_n haereticus_fw-la verus_fw-la but_o in_o these_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v for_o heresy_n but_o compear_v not_o who_o they_o call_v haereticum_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la but_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o no_o not_o in_o these_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n as_o be_v traffique_a jesuit_n or_o papist_n for_o only_a perduellion_n be_v by_o our_o law_n to_o by_o try_v after_o death_n but_o though_o the_o heretic_n can_v be_v punish_v after_o death_n yet_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v condemn_v as_o heretical_a even_o after_o his_o death_n title_n v._o simony_n baratry_n 1_o what_o be_v simony_n 2_o how_o it_o
the_o pain_n of_o treason_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v the_o rise_n in_o arm_n or_o make_v league_n see_v that_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v his_o majesty_n prerogative_n 2._o that_o the_o rise_n in_o defensive_a arm_n be_v treason_n by_o these_o word_n upon_o what_o pretext_n soever_o 3._o that_o nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n treason_n by_o these_o word_n to_o attempt_v by_o the_o english_a law_n the_o conspire_v to_o raise_v a_o war_n be_v not_o treason_n except_o it_o be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la raise_v and_o with_o they_o if_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o throw_v down_o private_a house_n or_o for_o any_o private_a cause_n it_o be_v but_o a_o riot_n but_o if_o these_o three_o or_o four_o rise_v to_o reform_v law_n or_o religion_n or_o upon_o any_o public_a account_n than_o it_o be_v account_v the_o levy_v war_n against_o the_o king_n cook_n hoc_fw-la tit_n pag._n 9_o who_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o three_o conspire_v to_o levy_v a_o war_n it_o be_v treason_n if_o in_o the_o mere_a conspirer_n if_o the_o rest_n thereafter_o levy_v actual_o a_o war_n though_o he_o be_v not_o present_a and_o in_o that_o sense_n only_o i_o will_v interpret_v the_o severe_a l._n 19_o basil._n h._n t._n propter_fw-la cogitationem_fw-la dignus_fw-la est_fw-la poena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o english_a law_n require_v still_o owert_a fait_fw-fr a_o open_a deed_n this_o rise_n in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o call_v seditio_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la exercitus_fw-la reg._n majest_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o &_o cap._n 11._o ibid._n ad_fw-la tit_n sedit_fw-la the_o second_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o commit_v treason_n against_o the_o king_n person_n and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o kind_n of_o treason_n express_v in_o the_o former_a act_n 25._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 2._o whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v treason_n to_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o person_n violent_o what_o ever_o age_n he_o be_v of_o which_o word_n be_v add_v to_o clear_v that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o rebel_v even_o against_o his_o authority_n before_o he_o be_v proclaim_v or_o crown_v for_o the_o be_v crown_v or_o proclaim_v be_v tantum_fw-la declaratoria_fw-la juris_fw-la sed_fw-la nihil_fw-la novi_fw-la juris_fw-la tribuit_fw-la it_o be_v the_o jus_o sanguinis_fw-la and_o succession_n of_o blood_n which_o make_v he_o king_n this_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v likewise_o declare_v act_n 3._o and_o 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o and_o in_o their_o case_n affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o master_n of_o forbes_n be_v hurl_v through_o the_o calsey_n hang_v and_o quarter_v for_o imagine_v this_o be_v a_o english_a term_n which_o signify_v a_o design_n to_o shoot_v k._n james_n the_o 5_o 17._o july_n 1537._o and_o the_o countess_n of_o glames_z be_v burn_v for_o imagine_v to_o poison_v the_o say_a king_n james_n the_o five_o 17._o july_n 1537._o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v not_o treason_n to_o kill_v a_o king_n out_o of_o possession_n cook_n pag._n 9_o but_o this_o seem_v unjust_a if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v clear_a as_o our_o king_n be_v in_o exile_n though_o in_o dubious_a case_n such_o as_o betwixt_o the_o bruce_n and_o balliol_n possession_n may_v difference_n the_o case_n to_o kill_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n be_v with_o they_o treason_n 25._o stat._n edw._n 3._o the_o three_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v the_o reset_a any_o who_o have_v commit_v treason_n or_o that_o supply_v they_o in_o red_a help_n or_o counsel_n cujus_fw-la opera_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la host_n populi_fw-la romani_fw-la pecunia_fw-la aliave_fw-la re_fw-la adjuti_fw-la erant_fw-la this_o be_v likewise_o discharge_v act._n 97._o parl._n 7._o ja._n 5._o where_o all_o the_o liedge_n be_v forbid_v to_o reset_v supply_n or_o maintain_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n rebel_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o if_o any_o disobey_v to_o enforce_v id_fw-la est_fw-la to_o second_v the_o king_n against_o notour_n rebel_n against_o his_o person_n when_o they_o be_v require_v and_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n as_o favourer_n of_o such_o rebel_n except_o they_o have_v for_o they_o a_o reasonable_a excusation_n act_n 4._o parl._n 1_o ja._n 1._o from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v the_o refuse_v to_o assist_v against_o rebel_n that_o be_v not_o notour_n or_o against_o rebel_n that_o have_v not_o commit_v any_o other_o treason_n than_o perduellion_n can_v infer_v with_o we_o the_o guilt_n of_o treason_n the_o doctor_n here_o debate_v whether_o a_o wife_n reset_a her_o own_o husband_n or_o a_o father_n his_o son_n commit_v treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o relation_n of_o sovereign_n and_o subject_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o all_o other_o relation_n shall_v cede_fw-la to_o it_o and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o state_n lose_v all_o relation_n l._n post_fw-la liminium_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlimin_n yet_o the_o ordinary_a distinction_n be_v that_o if_o any_o of_o these_o relation_n assist_v a_o rebel_n with_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o as_o a_o man_n as_o meat_n drink_z etc._n etc._n in_o that_o case_n they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n but_o if_o they_o assist_v these_o relation_n with_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o in_o their_o treason_n than_o they_o be_v guilty_a farin_n quest_n 113._o num_fw-la 280._o and_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 20._o for_o albeit_o rebel_n lose_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n yet_o they_o retain_v those_o privilege_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o nature_n bartol_n ad_fw-la l._n amissum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi capt_n &_o postlim_fw-la and_o thus_o caesar_n pardon_v pompey_n son_n and_o tiberius_n piso_n son_n albeit_o they_o follow_v their_o father_n after_o they_o be_v declare_v traitor_n but_o i_o find_v in_o our_o law_n many_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n as_o in_o july_n 1537._o where_o janet_n dowglas_n lady_n glames_z be_v convict_v and_o burn_v for_o fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o george_n dowglas_n her_o brethren_n traitor_n and_o rebel_n and_o 18._o july_n 1537._o the_o mr._n of_o glames_z be_v hang_v and_o draw_v for_o conceal_v and_o not_o reveal_v the_o treasonable_a design_n of_o his_o mother_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n but_o the_o countess_n of_o errol_n be_v pursue_v for_o assist_v the_o earl_n of_o bothwel_n at_o least_o for_o not_o reveal_v a_o letter_n she_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o bothwels_n lady_n desire_v assistance_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o lady_n that_o the_o countess_n of_o bothwel_n be_v no_o rebel_n though_o her_o husband_n be_v and_o that_o she_o have_v not_o consent_v this_o be_v delay_v anno_fw-la 1596._o vii_o the_o four_o species_n or_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o stuff_v the_o house_n of_o they_o who_o be_v convict_v of_o treason_n and_o hold_v they_o against_o the_o king_n or_o that_o stuff_v any_o of_o their_o own_o house_n in_o further_a of_o the_o king_n rebel_n which_o be_v express_v also_o by_o the_o former_a act_n yet_o i_o think_v this_o rather_o exegetick_a of_o the_o former_a point_n than_o a_o separate_a point_n of_o treason_n for_o both_o these_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o help_n red_a or_o counsel_n robert_n stewart_n be_v hang_v for_o keep_v out_o his_o house_n against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o orknay_n his_o father_n be_v hang_v for_o hound_v out_o his_o son_n the_o one_o the_o 5._o of_o january_n and_o the_o other_o the_o 1._o of_o february_n 1615._o and_o cunninghame_n of_o tourland_n be_v forefault_n and_o execute_v for_o assist_v his_o brother_n in_o keep_v out_o the_o house_n of_o cunninghame-head_n 15._o february_n 1601._o but_o yet_o when_o house_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v render_v be_v keep_v only_o for_o private_a cause_n under_o pain_n of_o treason_n though_o the_o party_n disobey_v yet_o if_o he_o thereafter_o yield_v that_o manner_n of_o keep_v out_o house_n will_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n but_o arbitrary_o as_o in_o burgy_n case_n 1668._o the_o 2._o of_o february_n 2674._o mackloud_o of_o assint_fw-la be_v pannele_v for_o have_v garrison_v his_o house_n of_o arbreak_n and_o convocate_a his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 400._o man_n under_o pay_n and_o colour_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o assint_fw-la here_o only_o fortify_v his_o house_n and_o convocat_n his_o man_n to_o oppose_v the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n but_o not_o the_o king_n nor_o do_v he_o pretend_v any_o quarrel_n against_o the_o government_n but_o against_o private_a oppression_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o this_o be_v
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
doubt_v whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n or_o subject_n have_v a_o justiciary_a be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a xix_o the_o second_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n shall_v be_v immediate_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n id_fw-la est_fw-la caution_n under_o which_o they_o must_v remain_v ay_o and_o while_o they_o suffer_v a_o assize_n ja._n 2._o p._n 12._o c._n 49._o and_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a in_o our_o law_n that_o there_o be_v no_o time_n prescribe_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o insist_v but_o that_o the_o person_n suspect_v may_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n for_o a_o long_a time_n though_o he_o be_v very_o innocent_a and_o offer_v himself_o to_o a_o trial_n whereby_o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o subject_n may_v be_v ruin_v in_o their_o fortune_n and_o family_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v hard_o that_o traitor_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o go_v abroad_o because_o probation_n can_v be_v present_o have_v which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o traitor_n have_v abstract_v or_o that_o the_o king_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v too_o soon_o by_o a_o pursuit_n a_o treason_n which_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o policy_n to_o cover_v for_o some_o time_n and_o as_o in_o war_n so_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v as_o dangerous_a many_o thing_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o regular_a the_o interest_n of_o all_o preponderate_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o or_o a_o few_o xx._n the_o three_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o all_o charge_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o by_o macer_n and_o that_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n else_o these_o charge_n be_v declare_v null_n ja._n 6._o p._n 12._o c._n 125._o likeas_n the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o execute_v summons_n of_o treason_n after_o that_o manner_n but_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n 1666._o in_o the_o action_n intent_a at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o mackulloch_n and_o other_o that_o this_o act_n do_v only_o relate_v to_o summons_n of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o charge_n wherein_o man_n be_v ordain_v to_o obey_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n but_o that_o inditement_n of_o treason_n give_v to_o man_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n may_v be_v execute_v by_o ordinary_a messenger_n and_o yet_o the_o act_n say_v that_o all_o execution_n give_v otherwise_o then_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n shall_v be_v null_a xxi_o woman_n and_o other_o may_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n though_o in_o other_o crime_n they_o can_v and_o one_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a here_o and_o famosi_n &_o impuberes_fw-la of_o what_o ever_o age_n be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o the_o sederunt_fw-la of_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o likeas_n cod._n fab_n hoc_fw-la tit_n def_n 4._o say_v est_fw-la privilegium_fw-la criminis_fw-la laese_n majestatis_fw-la ut_fw-la facilius_fw-la probetur_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la famoso_n &_o socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1591._o vid._n pappon_n lib._n 24._o tit_n 2._o but_o the_o english_a do_v most_o just_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a in_o treason_n therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o manifest_a and_o direct_a proof_n and_o not_o by_o presumption_n or_o strain_n of_o wit_n cook_n pag._n 12._o and_o that_o two_o witness_n be_v necessary_a for_o prove_v treason_n he_o prove_v most_o learned_o pag._n 26._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n famosi_fw-it &_o mulieres_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v in_o this_o crime_n though_o not_o in_o any_o other_o crime_n l._n 7_o and_o 8._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj_o but_o this_o last_o privilege_n shall_v only_o hold_v in_o perduellion_n mascard_v de_fw-fr prob_fw-la lib._n 1._o conclu_fw-la 462._o and_o not_o in_o statutory_a treason_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o no_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v math._n opinion_n pa._n 372._o because_o per_fw-la l._n ult_n cod_n de_fw-fr prob_fw-la in_o capitalibus_fw-la causis_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la atque_fw-la appertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la opus_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la nec_fw-la excipitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la neither_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o person_n who_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o other_o crime_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v accuser_n in_o this_o that_o therefore_o these_o who_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v witness_n in_o other_o crime_n shall_v be_v admit_v in_o this_o for_o there_o be_v little_a hazard_n in_o a_o unfit_a accuser_n but_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o unfit_a witness_n and_o this_o i_o think_v much_o more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n then_o the_o former_a statute_n for_o the_o great_a the_o hazard_n be_v the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o clear_a and_o though_o testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v or_o one_o witness_n may_v prove_v sufficient_o for_o subject_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o say_v only_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v witness_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o any_o condemnatory_a verdict_n or_o sentence_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o such_o probation_n i_o find_v also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n that_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la &_o famosi_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n not_o in_o treason_n general_o but_o in_o perduellion_n and_o that_o act_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n restrict_v so_o that_o the_o panel_n can_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o such_o deposition_n but_o only_o to_o torture_v nor_o will_v he_o be_v torture_v upon_o such_o deposition_n except_o the_o deponent_a be_v upon_o oath_n and_o abide_v the_o torture_n also_o at_o his_o deposition_n cod._a fab_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 5._o all_o which_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a but_o yet_o it_o seem_v that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la but_o he_o who_o be_v convict_v or_o have_v confess_v the_o crime_n and_o dilate_v other_o for_o else_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v for_o treason_n can_v allege_v that_o the_o witness_n lead_v against_o he_o be_v socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o the_o panel_n except_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a himself_o and_o be_v socius_fw-la to_o the_o witness_n therein_o nam_fw-la relata_fw-la se_fw-la mutuo_fw-la ponunt_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o find_v in_o assint_n process_n but_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o though_o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la can_v not_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o can_v be_v receive_v against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o doctor_n who_o exclude_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o treason_n but_o as_o to_o this_o i_o doubt_v very_o much_o for_o if_o a_o person_n confess_v his_o accession_n it_o seem_v unjust_a that_o he_o can_v condemn_v other_o be_v infamous_a himself_o and_o yet_o in_o open_a treason_n as_o rise_v in_o arm_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o receive_v such_o as_o be_v in_o arm_n for_o none_o else_o can_v come_v near_o a_o army_n of_o rebel_n and_o so_o the_o crime_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o these_o or_o by_o none_o xxii_o the_o five_o privilege_n be_v that_o treason_n be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o death_n in_o all_o case_n as_o other_o crime_n be_v but_o that_o treason_n commit_v against_o the_o kâ—ngs_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o death_n and_o the_o committer_n heir_n may_v be_v forefault_n therefore_o ja._n 5._o p._n 6._o c._n 69._o which_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n these_o general_a word_n contain_v in_o it_o against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o common-weal_n must_v only_o be_v extend_v against_o such_o treason_n as_o be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n account_v perduellion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o case_n and_o what_o be_v therein_o call_v perduellion_n see_v albeit_o all_o treason_n may_v by_o a_o natural_a interpretation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n yet_o the_o civil_a law_n declare_v only_o that_o species_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n which_o they_o call_v perduellion_n to_o be_v punishable_a after_o death_n l._n ult_n ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj._n plane_n non_fw-la quisquis_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la
reus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la conditione_n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reus_fw-la est_fw-la hostili_fw-la animo_fw-la adversus_fw-la rem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vel_fw-la principem_fw-la animatus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o perduellion_n be_v hostilis_fw-la animus_n a_o design_n of_o raise_v arms._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o not_o only_o statutory_a treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n but_o that_o even_o simple_a conceal_n and_o not_o reveal_v or_o a_o malicious_a design_n to_o poison_v the_o king_n and_o such_o other_o treason_n as_o show_v not_o a_o desire_n of_o rise_v in_o arm_n be_v likewise_o extinguish_v by_o death_n and_o yet_o the_o basil._n l._n 12._o h._n t._n say_v that_o all_o the_o head_n of_o treason_n be_v extinguish_v by_o death_n excepto_fw-la capite_fw-la proditionis_fw-la &_o insidiarum_fw-la contra_fw-la principem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o defunct_a traitor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v up_o and_o bring_v to_o the_o panel_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o restalrig_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o nature_n that_o the_o defunct_n near_o of_o kin_n be_v call_v as_o defender_n for_o their_o interest_n both_o because_o their_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o their_o forefaultur_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v defend_v the_o defunct_a and_o object_n both_o against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o the_o hability_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n add_v very_o well_o that_o haereditas_fw-la publicatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la crimen_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la purgetur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o since_o the_o forefault_a after_o death_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o former_a act_n bear_v express_o that_o these_o pursuit_n may_v be_v intend_v conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o these_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v with_o we_o in_o five_o year_n as_o they_o do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o shall_v since_o these_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la sequi_fw-la incommodum_fw-la the_o six_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v to_o be_v the_o last_o speaker_n to_o the_o assize_n in_o perduellion_n though_o in_o other_o case_n the_o pannel_n advocat_n be_v to_o be_v last_o speaker_n and_o the_o last_o speaker_n have_v much_o advantage_n for_o he_o may_v answer_v all_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o opponent_n art_n 11._o regulation_n 1670._o xxiii_o the_o last_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o albeit_o of_o old_a no_o person_n can_v be_v condemn_v in_o absence_n by_o the_o justice_n yet_o the_o parliament_n still_o can_v have_v proceed_v against_o traitor_n in_o absence_n and_o now_o by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o perduellion_n and_o of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o probation_n and_o pronounce_v of_o sentence_n even_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v first_o propound_v as_o a_o querie_n to_o the_o council_n they_o remit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o session_n to_o who_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n give_v in_o the_o follow_a reason_n and_o query_n upon_o the_o 15._o august_n 1667._o whether_o or_o not_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n albeit_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a so_o that_o the_o justice_n upon_o citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n and_o evidence_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n and_o doom_n of_o forefaultur_n if_o the_o ditty_n be_v prove_v the_o reason_n of_o scruple_n be_v that_o process_n of_o forefaultur_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a and_o that_o in_o other_o ordinary_a crime_n the_o defender_n if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v declare_v fugitive_n and_o that_o the_o follow_a reason_n appear_v to_o be_v strong_a and_o relevant_a for_o the_o affirmative_a 1._o by_o the_o common_a law_n albeit_o a_o party_n absent_a can_v be_v condemn_v for_o a_o crime_n yet_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v crimen_fw-la exceptum_fw-la this_o be_v a_o speciality_n that_o absent_v may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v 2._o by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o king_n james_n the_o 5_o his_o 6._o parliament_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v good_a cause_n and_o action_n to_o pursue_v all_o summons_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o his_o person_n and_o commonwealth_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o good_a equity_n and_o reason_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o special_a law_n act_n or_o provision_n make_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o see_v by_o the_o common_a law_n person_n guilty_a of_o laese_n majesty_n may_v be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v though_o they_o be_v absent_a it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n shall_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_n person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o absent_a and_o that_o he_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o the_o say_a act_n so_o to_o do_v 3._o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o law_n equity_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o person_n guilty_a of_o treason_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o better_a case_n and_o his_o majesty_n in_o a_o worse_o by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o a_o traitor_n the_o same_o be_v a_o addition_n if_o any_o can_v be_v add_v to_o so_o high_a a_o crime_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v impunity_n and_o his_o majesty_n prejudge_v of_o the_o casuality_n arise_v to_o he_o by_o his_o forefaultur_n 4._o the_o parliament_n be_v in_o use_n to_o proceed_v and_o pronounce_v doom_n of_o forefaultur_n though_o the_o party_n be_v absent_a and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o do_v not_o proceed_v in_o and_o by_o a_o legislative_a power_n but_o as_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n what_o be_v just_a before_o they_o be_v just_a and_o warrantable_a before_o other_o judicatories_n in_o the_o like_a case_n 5._o by_o the_o abovementioned_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o summon_v and_o process_n of_o treason_n may_v be_v intent_a and_o pursue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o delinquent_n either_o his_o memory_n or_o estate_n delate_v the_o one_o and_o forefault_v the_o other_o whereupon_o sentence_n may_v follow_v to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a and_o therefore_o see_v sentence_n may_v follow_v when_o the_o delinquent_n can_v be_v present_a and_o be_v not_o in_o be_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o when_o they_o be_v wilful_o and_o contumacious_o absent_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v proceed_v against_o and_o sentence_v if_o they_o be_v guilty_a and_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n for_o punish_v and_o forefault_v of_o person_n be_v absent_a or_o that_o he_o shall_v wait_v till_o they_o die_v especial_o see_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o probation_n may_v perish_v by_o decease_n of_o the_o witness_n follow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n their_o opinion_n edinburgh_n the_o 26._o of_o february_n 1667._o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n have_v consider_v the_o query_n above-written_a present_v to_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n bellenden_n his_o majesty_n thesaurer_n depute_v it_o be_v their_o opinion_n that_o upon_o the_o justice_n citation_n and_o sufficient_a probation_n take_v before_o they_o the_o judge_n and_o assize_n may_v proceed_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n thereintil_o and_o forefaulter_v against_o the_o person_n guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n though_o they_o be_v absent_a and_o contumacious_a sic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la io._n gilmore_n i._n p._n d._n upon_o this_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v the_o process_n lead_v against_o these_o person_n and_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n parl._n 2._o ch._n 2._o ses._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n authority_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o and_o judge_v by_o the_o justice_n but_o the_o parliament_n retain_v still_o a_o power_n cumulative_a with_o the_o justice_n and_o when_o process_n of_o treason_n be_v intent_a before_o they_o they_o may_v proceed_v as_o former_o and_o think_v this_o last_o act_n a_o great_a innovation_n of_o all_o our_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o imaginable_a but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v safe_a that_o that_o privilege_n will_v have_v be_v grant_v to_o his_o majesty_n former_o and_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n 1._o &_o l._n penult_n ff_n de_fw-fr requirendis_fw-la eris_fw-la nam_fw-la annotabantur_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o si_fw-la reus_fw-la post_fw-la anum_fw-la non_fw-la comparuerit_fw-la &_o satis_fw-la dederit_fw-la de_fw-la stando_fw-la non_fw-la recuperabit_fw-la
the_o king_n will_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o magistrate_n do_v in_o thing_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n excuse_v the_o liedge_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o liedge_n rise_v in_o obedience_n to_o command_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o punishable_a except_o it_o be_v clear_o palpable_a to_o they_o that_o their_o insurrection_n be_v in_o contempt_n of_o his_o majesty_n authority_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la contra_fw-la evidentissimam_fw-la jussionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o see_v the_o liedge_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v their_o magistrate_n and_o to_o rise_v when_o he_o call_v they_o as_o be_v evident_a by_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o without_o this_o allowance_n his_o majesty_n can_v not_o be_v serve_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o that_o obedience_n which_o will_v be_v punishable_a if_o they_o refuse_v it_o iii_o the_o convocate_a the_o liedge_n in_o band_n of_o man_n of_o war_n for_o daily_o or_o monthly_a wage_n without_o special_a licence_n be_v declare_v likewise_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o 75._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n m._n which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 12._o act_n 10._o parl._n k._n ja._n 6._o and_o the_o make_n of_o all_o league_n and_o band_n among_o the_o liedge_n without_o his_o majesty_n consent_n be_v discharge_v and_o the_o contraveener_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o mover_n of_o sedition_n and_o unquietness_n to_o the_o trouble_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o realm_n therefore_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o all_o rigour_n to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o both_o which_o act_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 4._o act_n 1._o ses._n charl._n 2._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o such_o sedition_n as_o these_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n since_o the_o make_n of_o bond_n and_o league_n among_o the_o liedge_n be_v declare_v by_o the_o foresay_a 4._o act_n to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a prerogative_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n liedge_n to_o usurp_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o to_o convocat_n the_o liedge_n simple_o without_o bond_n or_o league_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v treason_n much_o less_o the_o be_v present_a as_o such_o convocation_n though_o in_o arm_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o baxter_n who_o be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o the_o convocation_n raise_v against_o the_o customer_n in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o that_o naked_a assistance_n at_o such_o meeting_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi be_v not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v death_n but_o only_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 5._o act_n 1._o parl._n ja._n 1._o whereby_o all_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o travel_v with_o more_o not_o they_o can_v sustain_v and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o may_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n till_o the_o king_n declare_v his_o will_n and_o by_o the_o 85._o act_n 6._o parl._n i._n 1._o elect_v of_o deacon_n be_v discharge_v as_o sedition_n convocation_n be_v allow_v in_o some_o case_n as_o for_o pursue_v of_o thief_n and_o sorner_n as_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 247._o this_o crime_n of_o simple_a convocation_n be_v ordinary_o pursue_v before_o the_o council_n and_o be_v seldom_o punish_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n tanquum_fw-la crimen_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o as_o the_o agradge_v quality_n of_o a_o riot_n or_o other_o crime_n title_n viii_o poison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o poison_n by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o far_o the_o give_v good_a drug_n irregular_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o the_o poison_a jew_n or_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v punishable_a 4._o whether_o the_o poison_a beast_n or_o field_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o statute_n 5._o whether_o endeavour_n to_o poison_n be_v punishable_a 6._o the_o aggravation_n of_o this_o crime_n 1._o poison_n be_v by_o our_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v treason_n act_n 31.7_o parl._n ja._n 2._o by_o which_o all_o person_n be_v discharge_v to_o bring_v home_o poison_n for_o any_o use_n by_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o treason_n and_o that_o be_v convict_v they_o shall_v forefault_v to_o the_o king_n life_n land_n and_o good_n but_o notwithstanding_o of_o these_o word_n for_o any_o manner_n or_o use_n apothecary_n and_o other_o do_v daily_o bring_v home_o poison_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o bring_v the_o same_o home_n not_o as_o poison_n but_o as_o drug_n and_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o liedge_n be_v in_o no_o hazard_n of_o that_o poison_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o skilful_a man_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n gothofr_v prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o buy_n or_o give_v of_o poison_n be_v declare_v treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o find_v no_o instance_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n where_o any_o have_v be_v convict_v as_o traitor_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a john_n dick_n for_o poison_v his_o brother_n and_o sister_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o be_v execute_v but_o be_v not_o forefault_n ult_n march_n 1649._o if_o any_o stranger_n bring_v home_o poison_n any_o manner_n of_o way_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 32._o act_n of_o that_o parliament_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o that_o no_o remission_n or_o safe_a conduct_n shall_v be_v profitable_a to_o they_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o severity_n proceed_v from_o the_o abominableness_n of_o that_o crime_n plus_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la hominem_fw-la veneno_fw-la necare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la dicit_fw-la gloss_n in_fw-ge §_o ead_n lâ—ge_a just_a de_fw-fr publicis_fw-la judicibus_fw-la per_fw-la textum_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n for_o he_o to_o who_o poison_n be_v give_v can_v defend_v himself_o and_o poison_n be_v a_o way_n of_o death_n so_o much_o hate_v that_o though_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v execution_n by_o the_o sword_n yet_o it_o have_v never_o allow_v any_o execution_n by_o poison_n those_o who_o give_v poison_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v venenarii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v only_o punish_v capital_o per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n de_fw-fr sicariis_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o adl_v cornel._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n clarus_n quest._n 4._o vers_fw-la fin_fw-fr but_o the_o body_n must_v in_o this_o case_n be_v sight_v by_o physician_n and_o the_o poisonous_a quality_n must_v be_v prove_v the_o buy_n of_o poison_n though_o with_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v thereby_o if_o murder_n do_v not_o actual_o ensue_v be_v not_o think_v capital_a by_o the_o doctor_n but_o only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la gothofred_n prax_fw-la criminal_a §_o venenum_fw-la num_fw-la 21._o yet_o with_o we_o the_o very_a buy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n capital_a ii_o whether_o to_o give_v drug_n that_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n poisonable_a too_o frequent_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v punishable_a by_o this_o law_n or_o as_o murder_v or_o be_v punishable_a at_o all_o be_v debate_v in_o kennedy_n case_n the_o 8._o of_o february_n 1676._o and_o that_o it_o be_v punishable_a be_v contend_v because_o venenum_fw-la or_o pharmacon_n be_v in_o law_n nomen_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o express_v good_a drug_n as_o well_o as_o ill_o l._n venenum_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n and_o the_o best_a of_o drug_n give_v in_o great_a excess_n be_v poison_n for_o poison_n consist_v in_o excess_n of_o quantity_n as_o well_o as_o quality_n and_o whatever_o overpower_n our_o nature_n be_v poisonable_a to_o we_o and_o since_o the_o one_o may_v kill_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o kill_v be_v that_o which_o be_v punish_v the_o law_n shall_v punish_v the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o here_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v be_v communicate_v to_o kennedie_n and_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v mere_a poison_n leave_v the_o external_a mark_n after_o death_n shall_v discover_v that_o poison_n be_v give_v but_o that_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o give_v constant_a purgation_n to_o be_v throw_v in_o by_o his_o servant_n in_o his_o drink_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o that_o without_o his_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o disease_n he_o have_v a_o flux_n all_o which_o circumstance_n show_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v
and_o gothofred_n §_o venenum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o medici_fw-la &_o farmacopolae_fw-la ineptum_fw-la medicamentum_fw-la scienter_fw-la ad_fw-la hibentes_fw-la ut_fw-la infirmus_fw-la morietur_fw-la tenentur_fw-la ut_fw-la homicidae_fw-la and_o though_o the_o judgement_n of_o physician_n ought_v to_o be_v ask_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o where_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v and_o mean_v suitable_a to_o that_o design_n be_v clear_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o consult_v physician_n nor_o can_v any_o danger_n ensue_v from_o the_o preparative_n of_o punish_v this_o panel_n to_o other_o physician_n or_o apothecary_n except_o they_o give_v physic_n without_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o party_n and_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o servant_n who_o employ_v upon_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v and_o administrat_fw-la the_o drug_n at_o unseasonable_a hour_n all_o which_o be_v of_o themselves_o criminal_a and_o this_o way_n be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o ordinary_a poison_n because_o servant_n be_v more_o easy_o admit_v than_o other_o and_o this_o way_n be_v less_o discoverable_a nor_o need_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v of_o this_o poison_n for_o even_o one_o who_o get_v true_a poison_n may_v have_v die_v of_o other_o disease_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o after_o the_o give_v of_o their_o purgative_n he_o die_v the_o next_o morning_n of_o such_o a_o looseness_n as_o make_v his_o bed_n to_o swim_v and_o as_o this_o be_v like_o the_o natural_a product_n so_o presumitur_fw-la contra_fw-la versantem_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la especial_o all_o this_o design_n of_o murder_n be_v to_o conceal_v the_o servant_n theft_n in_o which_o this_o apothecary_n be_v a_o sharer_n iii_o from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n through_o the_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o 1._o the_o poison_n of_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n fall_v not_o under_o this_o act_n though_o it_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o murder_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o poison_n of_o a_o excommunicate_a person_n can_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o they_o be_v not_o christian_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o this_o the_o english_a statute_n bear_v that_o to_o kill_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la by_o poison_n or_o otherways_o etc._n etc._n and_o cook_n observe_v that_o to_o poison_v a_o jew_n or_o turk_n fall_v under_o their_o statute_n iv._o from_o these_o word_n likewise_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o poison_n of_o bruit_n beast_n do_v not_o fall_v immediate_o under_o this_o act_n nor_o yet_o the_o poison_v whole_a field_n to_o the_o end_n beast_n may_v die_v albeit_o both_o these_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o carpz_n observe_v tract_n crim_n quest._n 21._o num_fw-la 24._o and_o since_o theft_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n much_o more_o ought_v the_o poison_n of_o beast_n be_v since_o not_o only_o be_v the_o party_n less_v by_o want_v his_o beast_n as_o much_o as_o in_o theft_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o prejudge_v then_o in_o theft_n since_o the_o beast_n so_o poison_v be_v make_v unserviceable_a as_o to_o all_o use_n and_o man_n be_v likewise_o in_o danger_n by_o eat_v or_o use_v of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v worse_a than_o hough_v of_o ox_n which_o be_v capital_a by_o our_o law_n but_o if_o a_o beast_n be_v poison_v that_o man_n may_v be_v thereby_o poison_v than_o the_o poison_n of_o beast_n will_v infer_v death_n from_o these_o word_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v likewise_o that_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n whereby_o man_n do_v fall_v paralytic_a or_o lame_a shall_v fall_v under_o this_o statute_n though_o the_o person_n die_v not_o since_o that_o may_v be_v construct_v bodily_a harm_n v._o as_o also_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o since_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n whereby_o man_n may_v die_v do_v infer_v death_n that_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v either_o because_o the_o poison_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o or_o because_o the_o party_n poison_v do_v counter-act_n its_o force_n immediate_o by_o suitable_a remedy_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o these_o be_v more_o immediate_a deed_n then_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n and_o general_o endeavour_n be_v in_o this_o crime_n punish_v as_o the_o consumat_fw-la act_n where_o the_o endeavour_n come_v to_o any_o deed_n that_o approach_v the_o crime_n l._n 1._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n pomp._n the_o parricid_n though_o carpz_n be_v of_o a_o contrair_a opinion_n assert_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v even_o in_o that_o case_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n the_o administrate_v drink_n or_o medicament_n to_o procure_v or_o increase_v love_n be_v think_v not_o punishable_a though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v because_o there_o be_v no_o design_n there_o to_o kill_v carpz_n ibid._n &_o l._n siquis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la though_o this_o be_v punishable_a as_o that_o law_n assert_n by_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nam_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la vi_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o poison_n of_o parent_n and_o in_o reiterated_a endeavour_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o the_o poison_n of_o magistrate_n or_o master_n since_o these_o great_a aggravation_n be_v so_o odious_a in_o the_o very_a contrivance_n that_o these_o aggravation_n be_v as_o odious_a as_o success_n and_o as_o the_o judge_n may_v mitigate_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o lessen_v circumstance_n so_o he_o may_v heighten_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o aggradge_v circumstance_n vasq._n contraver_n illust_n cap._n 14._o and_o carpz_n num_fw-la 50._o quest_n 20._o part_n 1._o give_v we_o several_a decision_n to_o this_o purpose_n and_o among_o other_o decision_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o mountibank_n who_o be_v burn_v with_o hot_a tongue_n to_o death_n for_o have_v poison_v ten_o several_a person_n but_o if_o a_o physician_n will_v poison_v his_o patient_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o treason_n with_o we_o as_o be_v murder_n under_o trust_n title_n ix_o de_fw-fr incendiariis_fw-la or_o fire-raiser_n 1._o malicious_n and_o design_v fire-raising_a be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n 2._o what_o presumption_n can_v prove_v this_o design_n 3._o whether_o one_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n 4._o the_o punishment_n of_o fire-raising_a according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 5._o the_o punishmint_n of_o it_o according_a to_o our_o law_n 6._o the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a how_o punish_v 7._o whether_o the_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v punishable_a as_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o 8._o fire-raising_a can_v be_v remit_v 9_o the_o punishment_n culposi_fw-la incendii_fw-la 10._o how_o accidental_a fire-raising_a be_v to_o be_v punish_v 11._o how_o master_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o servant_n negligence_n it_o be_v most_o unnatural_a that_o the_o element_n which_o be_v create_v to_o be_v servant_n to_o man_n shall_v have_v dominion_n over_o he_o and_o therefore_o these_o who_o raise_v fire_n be_v repute_v great_a enemy_n to_o mankind_n and_o more_o criminal_a than_o either_o theives_n or_o murderer_n for_o in_o theft_n the_o thing_n steal_v remain_v still_o with_o the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o it_o be_v absolute_o destroy_v by_o fire_n and_o in_o murder_n the_o crime_n extend_v never_o further_a than_o the_o design_n whereas_o in_o fire-raising_a the_o merciless_a element_n which_o be_v employ_v debord_n oft_o beyond_o its_o commission_n and_o involve_v in_o the_o common_a misery_n those_o against_o who_o the_o fire-raiser_n have_v no_o design_n with_o those_o who_o be_v his_o know_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o those_o who_o raise_v fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v whereas_o those_o who_o burn_v only_o a_o house_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_o punish_v i._o a_o fire-raiser_n or_o incendiarius_fw-la be_v by_o lawyer_n define_v to_o be_v he_o who_o of_o design_n raise_v fire_n whether_o he_o kindle_v the_o same_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o commissionat_v another_o or_o execute_v himself_o another_o commission_n and_o because_o of_o the_o atrociousness_n of_o this_o crime_n the_o attempt_n be_v punish_v though_o the_o effect_n follow_v not_o and_o threaten_n though_o nothing_o follow_v be_v punish_v damhaud_n rubrica_fw-la de_fw-la incendiariis_fw-la but_o because_o this_o crime_n be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o merciless_a to_o commit_v the_o same_o therefore_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v punishable_a be_v commit_v dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la and_o with_o we_o it_o be_v require_v they_o be_v combustores_fw-la domorum_fw-la nequiter_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la as_o skeen_n translate_v it_o ad_fw-la cap._n 10._o malcolmi_n 2._o and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v only_o declare_v
punishable_a by_o death_n cap._n 8._o parl._n 3_o i._o 5._o ii_o but_o since_o design_n and_o dolus_fw-la be_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o they_o be_v infer_v from_o presumption_n and_o what_o presumption_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o case_n be_v very_o well_o relate_v by_o far._n quest_n 110._o cap._n 2._o and_o john_n meldrum_n be_v execute_v upon_o presumption_n 2_o aug._n 1633._o where_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendrick_n the_o only_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o he_o be_v great_a threaten_n capital_a enmity_n his_o contradict_a himself_o in_o his_o own_o examination_n common_a brute_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v the_o burner_n but_o i_o think_v that_o case_n very_o hard_o and_o not_o to_o be_v draw_v in_o consequence_n for_o though_o the_o dolus_fw-la and_o design_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n because_o that_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o the_o burn_a itself_o be_v a_o external_a act_n shall_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o confession_n 2._o see_v probatio_fw-la praesumptiva_fw-la be_v but_o fiâ—titiâ—_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o allow_v both_o thâ—_n burn_v itself_o and_o quo_fw-la animo_fw-la the_o fire_n be_v raise_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n against_o that_o common_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o dvae_fw-la fictiones_fw-la non_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o candem_fw-la rem_fw-la 3._o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o dolus_fw-la debet_fw-la possit_fw-la probari_fw-la manifest_a bertez_n consil_n 322._o iii_o it_o be_v doubt_v among_o the_o doctor_n whether_o he_o that_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o incendiarius_fw-la since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la rei_fw-la sua_fw-la arbyter_n and_o dominion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o use_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o we_o think_v fit_a but_o since_o fire-raising_a be_v ofttimes_o punish_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prejudice_n it_o have_v do_v sed_fw-la quia_fw-la flamma_fw-la potuit_fw-la longius_fw-la è_fw-la 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of_o fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v alive_a those_o who_o burn_v corn_n beside_o house_n be_v bind_v and_o beat_v and_o then_o burn_v but_o not_o burn_v quick_a as_o we_o speak_v lex_fw-la 28._o parag_v incendiarii_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la but_o the_o burn_a of_o a_o house_n or_o village_n be_v not_o so_o high_o punish_v and_o clarus_n quest._n 68_o think_v that_o the_o statutory_a pain_n of_o fire-raising_a if_o it_o be_v capital_a shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o small_a fire-raising_a but_o since_o a_o small_a spark_n may_v kindle_v a_o great_a fire_n this_o conclusion_n seem_v very_o unwarrantable_a if_o the_o fire_n be_v design_o raise_v v._o according_a to_o our_o law_n the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o corn_n and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v treason_n and_o laese_n majesty_n ja._n 5._o p._n 3._o cap._n 8._o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o particle_n and_o be_v not_o here_o copulative_a but_o a_o disjunctive_a for_o either_o of_o these_o case_n viz._n the_o burn_a of_o corn_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la treason_n 2._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v not_o treason_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n which_o may_v be_v conclude_v by_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o all_o punishment_n shall_v be_v commensurat_fw-la to_o the_o delict_n and_o crime_n which_o be_v punish_v and_o therefore_o since_o fire-raisings_a be_v very_o various_a it_o be_v unjust_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o equal_o punish_v especial_o the_o punishment_n here_o be_v treason_n which_o be_v too_o severe_a for_o burn_a peets_n in_o a_o moss_n or_o a_o little_a cottage_n stand_v in_o a_o moor_n where_o the_o guilt_n be_v so_o small_a that_o the_o offender_n in_o these_o case_n shall_v be_v capital_o punish_v and_o in_o a_o case_n pursue_v against_o mackenzie_n of_o suddie_n upon_o the_o 29._o july_n 1693._o for_o burn_a some_o fuel_n stand_v upon_o a_o moor_n the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v this_o as_o treason_n 2._o if_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v by_o this_o act_n treason_n there_o need_v not_o a_o posterior_n act_n have_v be_v make_v cap._n 146._o p._n 12._o ja._n 6._o declare_v that_o wilful_a fire-raising_a in_o coal-heughs_a upon_o malice_n and_o despite_n be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n 3._o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n ja._n 5._o it_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o burn_a of_o folk_n in_o their_o house_n and_o the_o burn_a of_o house_n and_o corn_n shall_v be_v treason_n if_o general_o all_o fire-raising_a be_v treason_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n then_o of_o that_o act_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v three_o several_a species_n of_o fire-raising_a declare_v to_o be_v treason_n by_o that_o act_n the_o first_o be_v the_o burn_a folk_n in_o their_o house_n which_o must_v be_v interpret_v likewise_o to_o be_v the_o burn_a of_o dwelling_v house_n though_o the_o people_n be_v not_o accidental_o there_o or_o be_v possible_o there_o and_o escape_v which_o species_n of_o fire-raising_a be_v most_o severe_o punish_v both_o because_o fire-raising_a be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o horrid_a &_o domus_fw-la sua_fw-la est_fw-la unicuique_fw-la tutissimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o because_o ordinary_o the_o burn_a of_o all_o the_o person_n dwell_v in_o the_o house_n be_v thereby_o design_v as_o well_o as_o the_o burn_a the_o house_n itself_o the_o second_o species_n be_v the_o burn_a house_n and_o corn_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o foresay_a 28._o law_n ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o qui_fw-la acervum_fw-la frumenti_fw-la juxta_fw-la aedes_fw-la positum_fw-la combusserit_fw-la vinctus_fw-la verberatusque_fw-la igne_fw-la necatur_fw-la the_o three_o species_n be_v wilful_a fire-raising_a which_o differ_v in_o this_o from_o burn_v that_o burn_v be_v of_o a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o destroy_v no_o more_o but_o fire-raising_a be_v the_o burn_a a_o particular_a place_n with_o design_n to_o burn_v more_o as_o to_o kindle_v a_o little_a corn_n upon_o design_n to_o burn_v the_o whole_a field_n vi_o the_o other_o act_n make_v the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a to_o be_v treason_n be_v practise_v upon_o john_n henry_n 14._o june_n 1615._o who_o be_v hang_v thereupon_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o law_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o favourableness_n of_o that_o manufactory_a which_o some_o do_v ruin_n by_o put_v fire_n in_o they_o which_o be_v so_o easy_a that_o nothing_o can_v defend_v against_o it_o but_o the_o severity_n of_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o and_o upon_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o hazard_n which_o do_v arise_v by_o such_o fire_n as_o this_o which_o can_v never_o be_v quench_v when_o once_o kindle_v vii_o i_o be_v once_o consult_v whether_o the_o drown_n of_o coal-heughs_a be_v treason_n by_o this_o act_n since_o erat_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratio_fw-la utrobique_fw-la but_o i_o think_v not_o because_o penal_a law_n especial_o in_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v so_o severe_a as_o treason_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v as_o be_v elsewhere_o large_o debate_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v not_o equal_a to_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o for_o drown_v can_v be_v easy_o remove_v and_o can_v spread_v so_o far_o viii_o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v it_o shall_v be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v cognosce_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o all_o remission_n grant_v for_o fire-raising_a be_v declare_v null_n but_o this_o last_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la and_o fire-raising_a be_v include_v in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n it_o be_v sustain_v though_o their_o act_n be_v object_v ix_o if_o dole_n and_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o fire-raising_a so_o that_o it_o be_v accidental_a sed_fw-la si_fw-la culpa_fw-la incendio_fw-la
dalkeith_n he_o immediate_o distract_v which_o article_n be_v likewise_o find_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o dilation_n which_o decision_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o dangerous_a for_o they_o want_v a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o be_v precedent_n whereby_o judge_n may_v become_v very_o arbitrary_a and_o against_o these_o i_o may_v oppone_v a_o three_o alledgiance_n use_v in_o the_o former_a process_n against_o agnes_n finnie_n wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o criminal_a libel_n shall_v be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o the_o deed_n subsume_v and_o that_o conclusio_fw-la semper_fw-la sequitur_fw-la debiliorem_fw-la partem_fw-la nam_fw-la libellus_fw-la est_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la apodicticus_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probabilis_fw-la and_o therefore_o except_o the_o libel_n can_v condescend_v upon_o some_o mean_v use_v by_o the_o panel_n from_o which_o the_o malefice_fw-la be_v necessary_o infer_v it_o can_v not_o be_v conclude_v that_o these_o malefice_n be_v do_v by_o she_o or_o that_o she_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o wrong_n do_v thus_o bodin_n lib._n 4._o do_v conclude_v that_o veneficae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la condemnandae_fw-la licet_fw-la sint_fw-la deprehensae_fw-la cum_fw-la bufonibus_fw-la ossibus_fw-la aliisque_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la egredientes_fw-la exovili_fw-la licet_fw-la oves_fw-la immediate_a moriantur_fw-la and_o perkins_n cap._n 6._o assert_n that_o neither_o defamation_n nor_o threaten_n albeit_o what_o be_v threaten_v do_v follow_v nor_o mala_fw-la fama_fw-la nor_o the_o defunct_n lay_v the_o blame_n of_o their_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n accuse_v call_v inculpatio_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n can_v infer_v this_o crime_n though_o all_o these_o be_v conjoin_v for_o in_o his_o opinion_n nothing_o can_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o condemn_v a_o witch_n except_o the_o panel_n own_o confession_n or_o the_o deposition_n of_o two_o famous_a witness_n depon_v upon_o mean_n use_v by_o the_o panel_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o chapter_n immediate_o subsequent_a to_o that_o wherein_o witch_n be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n god_n have_v express_o ordain_v that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o or_o three_o witness_n every_o word_n shall_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o the_o process_n deduce_v against_o isobel_n young_a for_o witchcraft_n feb._n 4._o 1629._o and_o against_o katherine_n oswald_n novemb_n 11._o 1629._o this_o point_n be_v likewise_o debate_v it_o be_v libel_v against_o the_o say_a katherine_n that_o by_o her_o witchcraft_n she_o cause_v a_o cow_n give_v blood_n instead_o of_o milk_n and_o cause_v a_o woman_n fall_v and_o break_v a_o rib_n in_o her_o side_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n there_o inter_fw-la terminum_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quem_fw-la inter_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cow_n give_v blood_n for_o milk_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o natural_a cause_n viz._n from_o lie_v upon_o a_o ant_n or_o emmot_n hill_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o because_o we_o know_v not_o what_o virtue_n may_v be_v in_o herb_n stone_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v it_o be_v very_o hard_o to_o find_v cure_v perform_v by_o the_o application_n of_o these_o without_o the_o use_v charm_n or_o spell_n to_o be_v witchcraft_n but_o when_o these_o outward_a application_n be_v use_v to_o do_v hurt_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o say_v margaret_n wallace_n be_v at_o enmity_n with_o john_n clark_n and_o after_o she_o be_v forbid_v to_o frequent_v his_o house_n do_v continue_v to_o frequent_v the_o same_o and_o do_v throw_v in_o blood_n or_o any_o unusual_a thing_n upon_o his_o wife_n pap_n if_o the_o child_n who_o suck_v the_o same_o have_v thereafter_o die_v i_o think_v this_o article_n join_v with_o precede_a defamation_n of_o she_o by_o another_o witch_n may_v have_v be_v find_v relevant_a because_o she_o be_v there_o in_o re_fw-mi illicita_fw-la and_o since_o the_o law_n can_v know_v exact_o what_o efficacy_n there_o be_v in_o natural_a cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o discharge_v any_o such_o superstitious_a forbid_a act_n as_o it_o please_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o witchcraft_n nor_o can_v these_o who_o be_v accuse_v complain_v of_o severity_n since_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la that_o use_v these_o forbid_a thing_n against_o the_o express_a commandment_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n and_o practic_n have_v forbid_v all_o charm_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o these_o who_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v whatever_o the_o pretext_n be_v upon_o which_o they_o be_v use_v or_o after_o whatever_o way_n or_o manner_n or_o to_o whatever_o end_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a x._o albeit_o per_n leg_n 4._o cod._n de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n these_o magic_a art_n be_v only_o condemn_v which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n but_o not_o these_o whereby_o man_n be_v cure_v or_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n preserve_v yet_o i_o have_v ofttimes_o impute_v this_o constitution_n to_o tribonian_a who_o be_v a_o pagan_a and_o a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o christian_n or_o else_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v or_o that_o thereby_o remedy_n assist_v by_o godly_a prayer_n be_v allow_v else_o what_o mean_v these_o word_n suffragia_fw-la innocenter_n adhibita_fw-la but_o since_o i_o be_o inform_v from_o the_o ecclesiastic_a historian_n as_o zozim_n lib._n 2._o that_o constantine_n be_v not_o yet_o turn_v christian_n when_o he_o pass_v that_o constitution_n but_o however_o this_o constitution_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o basilicks_n and_o the_o gloss_n say_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o repurgation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o constitution_n be_v very_o well_o reprobat_fw-la by_o leo_n 65._o novel_a and_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n tit_n de_fw-fr sorti-legiis_a and_o the_o general_a sanction_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n leave_v no_o place_n for_o this_o distinction_n suitable_a to_o all_o which_o john_n brough_n be_v convict_v for_o witchcraft_n in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o for_o cure_v beast_n by_o cast_v white_a stone_n in_o water_n and_o sprinkle_v they_o therewith_o and_o for_o cure_v woman_n by_o wash_v their_o foot_n with_o south-running_a water_n and_o put_v odd_a money_n in_o the_o water_n several_a other_o instance_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o process_n lead_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o and_o the_o instance_n of_o drummond_n be_v very_o remarkable_a who_o be_v burn_v for_o perform_v many_o miraculous_a cure_n albeit_o no_o malefice_fw-la be_v ever_o prove_v xi_o consult_v with_o witch_n be_v a_o relevant_a ditty_n with_o we_o as_o be_v find_v against_o alison_n jolly_a per._n octob._n 1596._o and_o this_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act._n the_o 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forbid_a practice_n may_v sometime_o be_v excuse_v by_o ignorance_n or_o if_o it_o can_v be_v clear_v by_o circumstance_n that_o the_o user_n design_v nothing_o but_o a_o innocent_a jest_n or_o recreation_n delrio_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o quaest_n 4._o xii_o the_o last_o article_n in_o criminal_a libel_n use_v ordinary_o to_o be_v the_o be_v delate_a by_o other_o witch_n which_o the_o doctor_n call_n diffamatio_fw-la and_o we_o common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n which_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o only_o join_v with_o other_o relevant_a article_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o foresay_a process_n of_o margaret_n hutchison_n though_o i_o think_v that_o interlocutor_fw-la very_o severe_a since_o if_o any_o of_o the_o former_a article_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a they_o need_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o fame_n and_o delation_n sometime_o likewise_o but_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n article_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o irrelevant_a be_v sustain_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o delation_n a_o example_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v
image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n and_o when_o the_o witch_n prick_v or_o punse_v these_o image_n the_o person_n who_o these_o image_n represent_v do_v find_v extreme_a torment_n which_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o influence_n these_o image_n have_v upon_o the_o body_n torment_v but_o the_o devil_n do_v by_o natural_a mean_n raise_v these_o torment_n in_o the_o person_n torment_v at_o the_o same_o very_a time_n that_o the_o witch_n do_v prick_v or_o punse_v or_o hold_v to_o the_o fire_n these_o image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n which_o manner_n of_o torment_n be_v late_o confess_v by_o some_o witch_n in_o inverness_n who_o likewise_o produce_v the_o image_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o hate_v the_o person_n who_o be_v torment_v and_o upon_o a_o confession_n so_o adminiculat_fw-la witch_n may_v very_o judicious_o be_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la de_fw-la modo_fw-la de_fw-fr linquendi_fw-la &_o inimicitiis_fw-la praeviis_fw-la xxiii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o doubt_v whether_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o kirk_n session_n in_o this_o case_n be_v sufficient_a but_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o probation_n by_o confession_n only_o here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o christian_a stewart_n be_v find_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o bewitch_a patrick_n ruthven_n by_o lay_v on_o he_o a_o heavy_a sickness_n with_o a_o black_a clout_n which_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v before_o several_a minister_n nottar_n and_o other_o at_o diverse_a time_n all_o which_o confession_n be_v prove_v and_o upon_o these_o repeat_v confession_n she_o be_v burn_v novemb_n 1596._o margaret_n lawder_n be_v convict_v upon_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o minister_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o pass_v from_o in_o judgement_n decemb._n 9_o 1643._o see_v that_o book_n of_o adjournal_n pag._n 349._o and_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o full_o adminiculat_fw-la lawyer_n advise_v that_o confessor_n shall_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o scotland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o put_v james_n welch_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n though_o he_o have_v confess_v himself_o a_o witch_n before_o the_o presbytery_n of_o kirkcudbright_n because_o he_o be_v minor_a when_o he_o confess_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o confession_n be_v only_o extrajudicial_a and_o that_o he_o now_o retract_v the_o same_o but_o because_o he_o have_v so_o gross_o prevaricat_a and_o have_v delate_a so_o many_o honest_a person_n they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o put_v in_o the_o correction_n house_n april_n 17._o 1662._o it_o be_v prove_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n march_v 20._o 1622._o that_o she_o say_v that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n she_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o all_o the_o ditty_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n that_o probation_n be_v allege_v by_o the_o advocate_n to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o confession_n as_o be_v find_v against_o patrick_n cheyn_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o a_o lie_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o can_v not_o have_v even_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n but_o rather_o import_v a_o denial_n of_o the_o crime_n xxiv_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n in_o this_o crime_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o therefore_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la or_o other_o confess_v witch_n be_v adduce_v but_o though_o many_o of_o they_o concur_v their_o deposition_n sole_o be_v not_o esteem_v as_o sufficient_a ne_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la imponendam_fw-la though_o some_o think_v the_o same_o sufficient_a to_o that_o end_n because_o of_o that_o general_a brocard_n ex_fw-la multiplicatis_fw-la indiciis_fw-la debilibus_fw-la resultare_fw-la indicia_fw-la indubitata_fw-la but_o delrio_n assert_n that_o the_o conjection_n of_o such_o testimony_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nanquam_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o quae_fw-la sua_fw-la natura_fw-la dubia_fw-la sunt_fw-la possunt_fw-la facere_fw-la rem_fw-la indubitatam_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la aegraunumsanum_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la alba_fw-la unus_fw-la album_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la tepida_fw-la anum_fw-la callidum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o confess_v witch_n be_v find_v not_o sufficient_a to_o file_v the_o panel_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o alison_n jolly_a who_o be_v assoilzy_v pen._n octob._n 1596._o albeit_o janet_n hepburn_n another_o witch_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v alison_n have_v cause_v she_o bewitch_v isobel_n hepburn_n whereof_o she_o die_v but_o though_o witchcraft_n can_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la though_o die_v and_o penitent_a witch_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o consult_v witch_n may_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o two_o witch_n who_o be_v consult_v for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o prove_v consult_v any_o other_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v by_o the_o witch_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n thus_o katherine_n wardlaw_n be_v admit_v against_o margaret_n hutchison_n but_o sometime_o they_o be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o otherwise_o weak_a and_o thus_o william_n young_a and_o agnes_n hutchison_n be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la against_o beatrix_n leslie_n august_n 1661._o and_o in_o that_o process_n likewise_o they_o receive_v only_a agnes_n ross_n cum_fw-la nota_fw-la because_o she_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o two_o woman_n who_o be_v maleficiat_fw-la neilson_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o john_n nicol_n who_o have_v give_v information_n for_o raise_v the_o ditty_n because_o the_o ditty_n be_v not_o at_o nicols_n instance_n and_o yet_o starling_n be_v set_v from_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o moor_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o person_n maleficiat_fw-la be_v his_o brother_n in_o law_n march_n 2._o 1622._o dickson_n be_v there_o likewise_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n though_o he_o assist_v the_o bailie_n in_o take_v she_o which_o be_v find_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a citizen_n and_o though_o he_o have_v deadly_a fead_z against_o her_o husband_n since_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v he_o have_v any_o against_o herself_o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n and_o all_o the_o process_n in_o august_n 1661._o the_o not_o shed_v of_o tear_n have_v be_v use_v as_o a_o mark_n and_o presumption_n of_o witchcraft_n sprenger_n mal_fw-fr malef_fw-fr p._n 3._o q._n 15._o because_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o impenitence_n and_o because_o several_a witch_n have_v confess_v they_o can_v not_o weep_v but_o the_o be_v accuse_v of_o so_o horrid_a a_o crime_n may_v occasion_v a_o deep_a melancholy_n and_o melancholy_a be_v cold_a and_o dry_a hinder_v the_o shed_v of_o tear_n and_o great_a grief_n do_v rather_o astonish_v than_o make_v one_o weep_v xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v with_o we_o death_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o well_o against_o the_o user_n as_o the_o seeker_n of_o any_o response_n or_o consultation_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la the_o doom_n bear_v to_o be_v worry_v at_o the_o stake_n and_o burn_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n consulter_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n l._n 5._o c._n the_o mafef_n &_o mathem_n nemo_fw-la aruspicem_fw-la consulat_fw-la aut_fw-la mathematicum_fw-la nemo_fw-la ariolum_fw-la angurum_fw-la et_fw-la vatum_fw-la prava_fw-la confessio_fw-la nonticescat_fw-la sileat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la rer_fw-la petuo_fw-la divinandi_fw-la curiositas_fw-la in_o which_o law_n fortune_n teller_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o with_o we_o dumb_a person_n who_o pretend_v to_o foretell_v future_a event_n be_v never_o punish_v capital_o but_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v they_o torture_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n upon_o a_o representation_n that_o they_o be_v not_o true_o dumb_a but_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v so_o abuse_v and_o cheat_v the_o people_n the_o foresaid_a law_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o basilick_v l._n 31_o h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o farin_n and_o other_o think_v that_o where_o no_o person_n be_v injure_v death_n shall_v not_o be_v inflict_v and_o thaâ—_n imprisonment_n and_o banishment_n be_v now_o practise_v by_o all_o nation_n in_o that_o case_n lib._n 1._o tom._n 3._o quest_n 20._o num._n 89._o &_o clarus_n §_o heresis_fw-la num_fw-la ult_n but_o perezeus_fw-la think_v this_o too_o favourable_a a_o punishment_n except_o the_o user_n of_o these_o curious_a art_n be_v induce_v thereto_o out_o of_o mere_a simplicity_n &_o sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la but_o with_o we_o no_o such_o distinction_n can_v
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
concurrer_n kill_v any_o of_o the_o robber_n they_o be_v declare_v free_a upon_o which_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n without_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v punishable_a and_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v see_v this_o act_n explain_v the_o other_o and_o modify_v somewhat_o the_o indefinite_a power_n give_v to_o private_a person_n who_o upon_o pretence_n of_o such_o invasion_n which_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o last_o do_v wise_o require_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v consult_v that_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o such_o as_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v exculpat_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o this_o act_n narrate_v not_o the_o other_o nor_o bear_v express_o a_o rectification_n of_o it_o but_o without_o lessen_v the_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v add_v a_o new_a one_o and_o so_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o possessor_n shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v to_o their_o disadvantage_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n licebat_fw-la nocturnum_fw-la furum_fw-la occidere_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 227._o act_n 14._o par._n ja._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a for_o the_o liege_n to_o conveen_n and_o execute_v thief_n and_o they_o be_v all_o make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n upon_o which_o act_n a_o defence_n be_v propon_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kintail_n who_o take_v a_o robber_n and_o execute_v he_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o a_o formal_a court_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a furem_fw-la vel_fw-la predatorem_fw-la diurnum_fw-la occidere_fw-la except_o the_o thing_n steal_v be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o can_v not_o be_v otherways_o recover_v or_o that_o he_o defend_v himself_o and_o resist_v his_o be_v apprehend_v all_o which_o defence_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o killer_n farin_n 125._o part_n 4._o and_o if_o any_o other_o probation_n be_v requisite_a the_o benefit_n of_o these_o act_n be_v a_o snare_n rather_o than_o a_o advantage_n and_o necessity_n legittimat_n many_o thing_n which_o be_v otherways_o hard_o fourteen_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o daughter_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n and_o to_o kill_v also_o her_o adulterer_n l._n part_n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr adult_n which_o be_v allow_v rather_o in_o hatred_n to_o adultery_n then_o because_o the_o law_n consider_v it_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o a_o father_n to_o restrain_v his_o passion_n in_o that_o case_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n only_o upon_o this_o last_o account_n it_o have_v be_v allow_v much_o more_o to_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v his_o wife_n if_o he_o find_v her_o commit_a adultery_n for_o his_o relation_n be_v near_o and_o his_o honour_n more_o concern_v than_o the_o father_n his_o passion_n behove_v to_o be_v also_o more_o violent_a and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o husband_n violence_n do_v only_o allow_v the_o husband_n to_o kill_v the_o adulterer_n if_o he_o be_v a_o mean_a person_n but_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o if_o the_o adulterer_n be_v find_v elsewhere_o then_o in_o the_o husband_n own_o house_n it_o it_o not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v they_o for_o the_o injury_n be_v heighten_v by_o pollute_v the_o husband_n own_o house_n and_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o adulterous_a hamsuckin_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o husband_n kill_v in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n that_o law_n ordain_v the_o husband_n only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o some_o arbitrary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n l._n marito_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr adulter_fw-la but_o this_o last_o determination_n do_v not_o satisfy_v justice_n for_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v rather_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n commit_v adultery_n than_o a_o mean_a person_n both_o because_o adultery_n be_v more_o ordinar_n among_o they_o as_o have_v more_o ease_n and_o be_v more_o luxorious_o feed_v and_o because_o the_o husband_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o presume_v to_o have_v have_v former_a quarrel_n with_o a_o person_n above_o his_o rank_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v believe_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o mere_o to_o satisfy_v his_o just_a revenge_n as_o also_o since_o they_o can_v soon_o prevail_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o rigid_o punish_v the_o law_n have_v deny_v this_o privilege_n to_o woman_n who_o may_v not_o kill_v their_o daughter_n or_o husband_n the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o conceive_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o husband_n be_v more_o prejudge_v than_o the_o wife_n by_o adultery_n since_o thereby_o not_o only_o be_v their_o bed_n defile_v but_o their_o estate_n carry_v away_o to_o another_o man_n child_n or_o else_o it_o think_v woman_n too_o passionate_a to_o be_v entrust_v with_o such_o a_o licence_n or_o that_o it_o be_v undecent_a to_o allow_v woman_n the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v their_o just_a grief_n will_v secure_v they_o against_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n and_o though_o some_o prerogative_n be_v due_a to_o the_o man_n over_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la yet_o woman_n may_v complain_v that_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n have_v take_v too_o great_a a_o measure_n of_o favour_n to_o themselves_o in_o this_o law_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o decision_n of_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o since_o our_o statute_n have_v secute_v murderer_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o self-defence_n kill_v of_o thief_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o have_v not_o privilege_v this_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o husband_n nor_o rather_o can_v kill_v by_o our_o law_n and_o the_o most_o that_o they_o can_v expect_v be_v that_o after_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o the_o law_n the_o council_n may_v either_o change_v the_o doom_n of_o death_n into_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n or_o may_v recomend_v the_o party_n to_o his_o majesty_n clemency_n for_o a_o remission_n but_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v with_o death_n among_o we_o what_o almost_o all_o nation_n allow_v as_o lawful_a and_o what_o may_v be_v yet_o a_o further_a check_n to_o that_o grow_a vice_n and_o this_o seem_v just_a than_o to_o allow_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n who_o be_v person_n interest_v shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o concern_n and_o shall_v be_v judge_n when_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n and_o because_o they_o be_v in_o passion_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v why_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v even_o he_o who_o possess_v by_o his_o own_o authority_n what_o be_v true_o his_o own_o and_o yet_o shall_v allow_v here_o the_o party_n interest_v to_o punish_v with_o death_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n or_o that_o passion_n which_o only_o infer_v mitigation_n of_o the_o pain_n elsewhere_o shall_v here_o infer_v absolute_a impunity_n for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v one_o irregular_a act_n legittimat_fw-la another_o since_o passion_n be_v a_o transgression_n against_o reason_n as_o adultery_n be_v against_o law_n but_o since_o this_o indulgence_n be_v personal_a and_o only_o grant_v to_o the_o father_n and_o husband_n because_o of_o their_o just_a passion_n and_o near_a relation_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o as_o kâ—ll_v by_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n command_v which_o command_v none_o ought_v to_o obey_v be_v contrair_a to_o law_n nor_o ought_v this_o indulgence_n to_o extend_v to_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n when_o they_o kill_v ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la and_o not_o when_o they_o find_v the_o committer_n in_o the_o very_a transgression_n for_o the_o law_n allow_v no_o passion_n to_o continue_v &_o therefore_o what_o ever_o revenge_n be_v allow_v to_o it_o be_v only_o allow_v if_o it_o be_v execute_v immediate_o &_o ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la and_o though_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la or_o immediate_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o doer_n go_v about_o any_o thing_n else_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o interpretation_n will_v be_v too_o lax_n in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o the_o killer_n can_v not_o plead_v this_o privilege_n except_o he_o kill_v they_o in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o rise_v from_o it_o homicidium_fw-la deliberatum_fw-la or_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o his_o majesty_n use_n stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 43._o and_o albeit_o lawyer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v still_o rather_o presumable_a to_o be_v casual_a then_o deliberate_a and_o that_o by_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n design_n be_v still_o libel_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o
prove_v design_n which_o be_v a_o secret_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n all_o kill_v be_v always_o punishable_a by_o death_n except_o some_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o chance_n self-defence_n etc._n etc._n be_v allege_v upon_o by_o the_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v here_o ask_v if_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o strike_v with_o his_o fist_n or_o a_o batton_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o no_o mortal_a weapon_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o the_o party_n strike_v there_o by_o he_o die_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v hard_a that_o he_o shall_v see_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v can_v be_v here_o presume_v &_o maleficia_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o affectus_fw-la distinguunt_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 5._o cap._n wil._n reg._n num_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v say_v that_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la interficiat_fw-la cum_fw-la pugno_fw-la dabit_fw-la regi_fw-la 25._o vaccas_fw-la &_o satisfaciet_fw-la parentelae_fw-la defuncti_fw-la secundum_fw-la assisam_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o strike_v with_o the_o fist_n be_v not_o capital_a albeit_o death_n follow_v murder_n premeditate_a may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o species_n which_o be_v simple_o such_o assasination_n murder_n under_o trust_n and_o self_n murder_n xvi_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v with_o we_o when_o a_o party_n who_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o assurance_n and_o trust_n of_o another_o be_v murder_v by_o he_o and_o this_o be_v by_o a_o special_a statute_n punish_v as_o treason_n act._n 51._o p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o word_n be_v where_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v under_o the_o trai_v credit_n assurance_n and_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n the_o party_n be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a thereof_o by_o a_o assize_n it_o shall_v be_v treason_n and_o the_o person_n find_v culpable_a shall_v forefault_v life_n land_n and_o good_n what_o this_o credit_n and_o assurance_n be_v have_v oft_o be_v question_v and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o origin_n of_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o murder_n of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o invite_v his_o neighbour_n to_o a_o feast_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o all_o his_o relation_n in_o his_o own_o house_n so_o that_o invitation_n be_v one_o branch_n of_o this_o trust_n 2._o assurance_n signify_v that_o when_o two_o person_n be_v at_o fead_z and_o the_o one_o have_v find_v borrow_v to_o one_o another_o act_n 97._o ja._n 1._o p._n 6.3_o where_o person_n at_o variance_n be_v under_o capitulation_n 4_o this_o act_n have_v be_v stretch_v to_o the_o conjugal_a trust_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1627._o andrew_n row_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o process_n intent_a against_o swintoun_n for_o kill_v his_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1666._o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o trust_v as_o this_o the_o pusurer_n restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o murder_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n anno._n 1665._o find_v that_o a_o son_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n be_v not_o a_o murder_n under_o trust_n punishable_a by_o this_o act_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o both_o kill_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n fall_v under_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o act_n where_o the_o party_n be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n this_o species_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v proditio_fw-la which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la sub_fw-la praetextu_fw-la amicitiae_fw-la v_o g._n dum_fw-la sederem_fw-la tecum_fw-la in_o mensa_fw-la vel_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la fingerem_fw-la which_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o more_o severe_a death_n then_o ordinar_n murder_n and_o in_o spain_n the_o betrayer_n or_o proditor_n for_o even_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treachery_n or_o treason_n trahitur_fw-la ad_fw-la caudam_fw-la equi_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la furca_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la gomez_n by_o that_o act_n likewise_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o though_o mr._n james_n oliphant_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o kill_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v treason_n yet_o his_o forefaulter_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o simple_a denunciation_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n because_o a_o trial_n be_v requisite_a in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 137._o act_n 13_o par._n ja._n 6._o the_o kill_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o inner_a tolbuith_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o inner_a house_n of_o the_o session_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o council-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o kill_v any_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n or_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n any_o where_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n xvii_o what_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n can_v hardly_o be_v define_v for_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o assize_n a_o design_n to_o murder_n though_o no_o murder_n follow_v affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la l._n 1._o be_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la telo_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la corn._n de_fw-fr sicar_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n the_o punishment_n now_o reach_v not_o life_n clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 74._o and_o i_o find_v that_o matthew_n stewart_n be_v pursue_v for_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o thomas_n kennedie_n come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o be_v only_o banish_v mart_n 1597._o as_o also_o i_o find_v that_o though_o lawson_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n yet_o she_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o violent_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o she_o and_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n the_o justice_n therefore_o do_v ordain_v she_o to_o be_v whip_v and_o banish_v 20_o august_n 1662._o and_o margaret_n ramsay_n have_v confess_v that_o she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n and_o be_v advise_v to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o north-loch_n which_o she_o do_v not_o though_o without_o her_o knowledge_n it_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o justices_z though_o she_o be_v assoylzy_v by_o the_o inquest_n ordain_v she_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v 1661._o xviii_o though_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o prosecution_n of_o law_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murderer_n yet_o if_o they_o exceed_v they_o be_v punishable_a not_o only_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la arbitrary_o but_o even_o paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la as_o murderer_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v decide_v the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1672._o in_o the_o person_n of_o mr._n archibald_n beath_n who_o be_v pannel_v for_o kill_a allan_n gairdiner_n allege_v that_o the_o council_n have_v by_o their_o act_n and_o proclamation_n ordain_v all_o meal_n bring_v from_o ireland_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o and_o the_o boat_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sink_v in_o prosecution_n whereof_o gardiner_n meal_n be_v seize_v he_o break_v the_o seizure_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n and_o other_o he_o be_v command_v to_o stay_v his_o boat_n but_o be_v so_o fare_v from_o obey_v though_o command_v in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o he_o have_v run_v almost_o down_o the_o panel_n little_a boat_n who_o be_v thereupon_o force_v to_o shoot_v at_o they_o and_o though_o this_o act_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la degenerate_a into_o a_o act_n of_o kill_v yet_o no_o kill_n be_v at_o first_o intend_v and_o the_o rise_v of_o all_o such_o action_n be_v to_o be_v first_o consider_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v civiliter_fw-la and_o do_v only_o empower_v the_o liege_n to_o seize_v but_o not_o to_o kill_v and_o all_o mandate_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v ad_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la mandans_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la non_fw-la mandasset_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la solitus_fw-la est_fw-la mandare_fw-la si_fw-la aliquando_fw-la mandat_fw-la non_fw-la mandat_fw-la nisi_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la servata_fw-la but_o it_o can_v be_v subsume_v that_o the_o council_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o importer_n of_o such_o victual_n to_o be_v kill_v nor_o do_v they_o use_v to_o intrust_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o law_n to_o minister_n and_o if_o they_o have_v design_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o prohibition_n shall_v reach_v death_n they_o will_v have_v express_o allow_v the_o seizer_n to_o kill_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o such_o case_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o though_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o concur_v because_o of_o his_o function_n yet_o concur_v as_o a_o subject_a he_o be_v not_o punishable_a therefore_o capital_o and_o if_o a_o minister_n shall_v concur_v when_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v raise_v after_o a_o night_n thief_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n do_v assist_v such_o as_o pursue_v rebel_n and_o shall_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o conclude_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v
as_o a_o murderer_n because_o he_o be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o kill_v and_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v propose_v to_o the_o council_n what_o seizer_n shall_v do_v in_o case_n of_o resistance_n but_o they_o will_v have_v authorize_v they_o to_o kill_v nor_o can_v their_o act_n receive_v complete_a obedience_n in_o case_n of_o resistance_n for_o else_o such_o as_o resolve_v to_o contraveen_n may_v secure_v themselves_o by_o their_o resistance_n and_o the_o council_n by_o empower_v to_o sink_v the_o boat_n where_o the_o victual_n be_v do_v very_o clear_o empower_v the_o kill_n of_o such_o as_o resist_v for_o they_o may_v have_v be_v sink_v in_o the_o boat_n and_o he_o who_o be_v allow_v to_o sink_v a_o boat_n be_v allow_v to_o sink_v all_o who_o be_v in_o it_o notwithstanding_o of_o which_o defence_n the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o after_o the_o verdict_n be_v ordain_v to_o lose_v his_o head_n but_o the_o parliament_n have_v thereafter_o that_o same_o month_n allow_v by_o their_o act_n such_o as_o resist_v to_o be_v kill_v the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n be_v thereupon_o remit_v as_o to_o the_o crime_n but_o be_v never_o readmit_v to_o his_o church_n some_o militia_n soldier_n also_o be_v pursue_v for_o murder_n 3._o febr._n 1674._o allege_a that_o they_o can_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o murderer_n since_o if_o they_o kill_v it_o be_v in_o prosecution_n of_o their_o officer_n order_n for_o they_o be_v send_v to_o poynd_n be_v resist_v and_o though_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o opposition_n to_o the_o poynd_n can_v not_o warrant_n kill_v but_o they_o may_v have_v pursue_v a_o riot_n this_o be_v allege_v not_o to_o be_v relevant_a because_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la who_o oppose_v and_o soldier_n must_v do_v effectual_o what_o be_v command_v and_o their_o officer_n may_v shoot_v they_o if_o they_o return_v without_o effectuate_a what_o be_v command_v and_o military_a command_n must_v not_o be_v delay_v nor_o oppose_v like_o other_o command_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o debate_n they_o be_v find_v guilty_a xix_o it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a occidere_fw-la hannitum_fw-la a_o person_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n non_fw-la licet_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n ut_fw-la vim_o n._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr inst_n &_o jure_fw-la but_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o particular_a place_n they_o all_o conclude_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a ob_fw-la quietem_fw-la publicam_fw-la and_o by_o our_o old_a decision_n that_o the_o kill_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o slaughter_n or_o other_o crime_n be_v not_o criminal_a january_n 1600._o guthrie_n contra_fw-la jarden_n but_o by_o the_o foresay_a 22._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o kill_v such_o as_o be_v denounce_v or_o declare_v rebel_n for_o capital_a crime_n or_o such_o as_o defend_v these_o rebel_n may_v be_v lawful_o kill_v whereby_o it_o be_v employ_v that_o such_o as_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o other_o crime_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v and_o such_o can_v not_o be_v lawful_o kill_v who_o be_v only_o at_o the_o horn_n for_o pecunial_a cause_n and_o any_o statute_n allow_v to_o kill_v such_o will_v be_v null_a clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 53._o but_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v what_o be_v these_o criminal_a cause_n for_o which_o one_o at_o the_o horn_n may_v be_v kill_v for_o clear_n whereof_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o remember_v that_o the_o doctor_n allow_v only_o such_o to_o be_v kill_v who_o be_v banniti_fw-la ob_fw-la grave_n delictum_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 53._o and_o in_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o rebel_n have_v deserve_v death_n if_o he_o have_v appear_v for_o it_o seem_v rigid_a and_o unjust_a that_o wherever_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o summons_n be_v criminal_a the_o party_n be_v denounce_v may_v be_v kill_v or_o that_o when_o ever_o the_o rebel_n be_v denounce_v for_o absence_n from_o a_o justice-court_n he_o may_v be_v kill_v see_v the_o common-good_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o this_o law_n do_v not_o require_v nor_o in_o effect_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o their_o interpretation_n 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o who_o kill_v a_o rebel_n for_o private_a revenge_n and_o not_o ob_fw-la vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la will_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o defence_n of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o instance_n anno_fw-la 1600._o where_o robert_n auchmoutic_a be_v pursue_v for_o the_o slaughter_n of_o james_n wanchop_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o defunct_a be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o receipt_v a_o traitor_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o panel_n kill_v he_o upon_o a_o private_a quarrel_n for_o have_v converse_v with_o the_o defunct_a long_o after_o he_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o that_o cause_n but_o that_o he_o kill_v he_o in_o a_o duel_n upon_o a_o private_a quarrel_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o panel_n defence_n be_v repel_v and_o he_o put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n and_o thereafter_o behead_v and_o yet_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n of_o opinion_n that_o bannito_o occiso_fw-la per_fw-la inimicum_fw-la occidens_fw-la non_fw-la reputatur_fw-la homicida_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o he_o will_v not_o have_v right_a to_o the_o reward_n promise_v for_o kill_v the_o rebel_n caravet_fw-la in_o prag_n 1._o de_fw-la exul_fw-la num_fw-la 134._o and_o enemy_n be_v these_o who_o most_o probable_o will_v execute_v this_o public_a justice_n which_o the_o law_n design_n and_o see_v our_o late_a act_n make_v no_o distinction_n betwixt_o such_o as_o kill_v upon_o public_a and_o private_a revenge_n i_o believe_v that_o the_o case_n now_o have_v no_o difficulty_n and_o that_o now_o the_o killer_n in_o both_o case_n will_v be_v free_a from_o punishment_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o he_o who_o will_v kill_v a_o rebel_n in_o a_o combat_n may_v yet_o be_v pannel_v for_o contraveen_v that_o act_n anent_o duel_n for_o though_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v a_o rebel_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o lawful_o fight_v a_o duel_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o who_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n be_v not_o lawful_o denounce_v v_o g._n if_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o time_n of_o the_o charge_n or_o that_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o stamp_v or_o want_v some_o solemnity_n if_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o killer_n will_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n which_o defence_n i_o find_v likewise_o propon_v in_o the_o former_a case_n and_o yet_o repel_v and_o very_o just_o for_o a_o private_a person_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o know_v these_o nullity_n if_o any_o man_n resist_v the_o execution_n of_o his_o majesty_n law_n by_o messenger_n or_o other_o public_a servant_n in_o that_o case_n the_o messenger_z can_v proceed_v to_o kill_v as_o be_v find_v in_o john_n mackintosh_n case_n may_v 11._o 1673._o but_o if_o the_o resister_n do_v also_o proceed_v to_o offer_v violence_n by_o draw_v upon_o the_o messenger_n in_o that_o case_n the_o messenger_n may_v kill_v he_o lawful_o without_o necessity_n of_o prove_v that_o he_o will_v have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n if_o he_o have_v not_o kill_v though_o private_a person_n can_v kill_v when_o they_o be_v invade_v except_o they_o be_v by_o that_o invasion_n put_v in_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n xx._n albeit_o ordinary_o death_n and_o the_o confiscation_n of_o movable_n be_v the_o punishment_n of_o murder_n and_o that_o the_o life-rent_a of_o the_o murderer_n do_v not_o thereby_o fall_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o life-rent_a fall_n as_o by_o the_o 118_o act_n 12._o par._n ja._n 6._o these_o who_o be_v denounce_v rebel_n for_o slay_v man_n in_o the_o church_n or_o churchyard_n in_o the_o time_n of_o prayer_n preach_v or_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n their_o life-rent_n present_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n though_o regulariter_fw-la life-rent_a escheits_fw-mi fall_v to_o the_o respective_a superior_n and_o the_o receipter_n do_v likewise_o loose_v their_o life-rent_a escheat_n declarator_n be_v first_o pass_v upon_o the_o receipt_n it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v if_o these_o word_n the_o time_n of_o divine_a service_n may_v extend_v to_o slaughter_n commit_v the_o time_n of_o preach_v etc._n etc._n albeit_o there_o be_v no_o preach_v or_o prayer_n for_o the_o time_n there_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o doubt_n be_v see_v the_o 39_o act_n of_o the_o 6._o par._n q._n m._n anent_o remove_v be_v so_o interpret_v for_o by_o that_o act_n warn_v of_o tenant_n shall_v be_v use_v at_o the_o paroch_n church_n the_o time_n of_o preach_v or_o prayer_n which_o word_n be_v thus_o interpret_v the_o time_n that_o preach_a use_n to_o be_v though_o there_o be_v none_o at_o the_o time_n
law_n for_o try_v the_o innocency_n of_o such_o as_o want_v other_o legal_a probation_n the_o longabard_n first_o do_v allow_v this_o way_n of_o duel_v by_o pulick_a authority_n who_o do_v regulat_fw-la it_o by_o twenty_o several_a determination_n and_o thereafter_o it_o be_v renew_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno._n 1360._o but_o be_v bound_v with_o these_o four_o condition_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o criminal_a and_o capital_a case_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v only_o be_v allow_v in_o crime_n treacherous_o commit_v where_o the_o truth_n can_v not_o be_v otherways_o find_v out_o 3._o where_o there_o do_v lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o person_n provoke_v 4._o where_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v such_o a_o crime_n commit_v against_o the_o provocker_n ii_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n duel_n be_v allow_v not_o only_o for_o clear_v of_o innocence_n as_o to_o crime_n but_o likewise_o in_o civil_a case_n as_o when_o a_o heir_n deny_v that_o his_o predecessor_n grant_v a_o conjunctfie_n r.m._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o v._n 47._o and_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v deny_v to_o be_v lawful_o buy_v by_o the_o owner_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o v._n 4._o but_o thereafter_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o 16._o cap._n stat._n rob._n 3._o all_o duel_n be_v discharge_v except_o in_o the_o four_o former_a case_n allow_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a the_o solemnity_n of_o cartel_n use_v in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o cast_n of_o glove_n to_o one_o another_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o skeen_n ad_fw-la cap._n 24._o v._n 9_o r._n m._n duelliones_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la regno_fw-la hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la chiro_fw-la thecas_fw-la offerunt_fw-la which_o custom_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o longohard_n law_n above_o cite_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o long._n the_o duel_n and_o dumhaud_n do_fw-mi cod_n the_o place_n appoint_v by_o our_o law_n for_o such_o duel_n be_v the_o bridge_n of_o stirling_n cap._n 28._o stat._n david_n 2._o and_o if_o the_o appealer_n in_o ordinar_n crime_n be_v foil_v and_o worsted_n his_o pledge_n pay_v the_o king_n nine_o cow_n and_o a_o colpindach_n and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o calumny_n stat._n alex._n cap._n 11._o but_o in_o treason_n the_o appealer_n worsted_n become_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o the_o party_n appease_v be_v worsted_n be_v disherish_v r._n m._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o these_o duel_n be_v discharge_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n monomachia_fw-la 2._o quest_n 4._o &_o cap._n ultim_fw-la exeunt_n de_fw-fr purge_v vulg_n though_o with_o we_o such_o judicial_a combat_n by_o authority_n be_v not_o absolute_o discharge_v for_o by_o the_o 12._o cap._n 16._o parl._n i._n 6._o wherein_o singular_a combat_n be_v discharge_v there_o be_v a_o exception_n make_v of_o such_o as_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o highness_n licence_n iii_o duel_n undertake_v without_o public_a authority_n be_v think_v by_o many_o lawyer_n to_o be_v lawful_a when_o undertake_v by_o a_o person_n who_o be_v injure_v in_o his_o honour_n if_o the_o party_n injure_v can_v be_v otherways_o repair_v either_o because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o judge_n in_o the_o place_n or_o else_o the_o injurer_n will_v not_o appear_v before_o he_o or_o though_o he_o compear_v the_o judge_n refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n ubi_fw-la enim_fw-la deficit_fw-la jus_o ibi_fw-la suplet_n ensis_fw-la &_o propria_fw-la ultio_fw-la bart._n in_o l._n host_n numb_a 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr cap_n &_o postlin_a rever_n and_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o private_a combat_n be_v lawful_a for_o defence_n of_o our_o honour_n and_o as_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o life_n by_o take_v that_o of_o our_o neighbour_n so_o we_o may_v defend_v our_o honour_n by_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n but_o that_o duel_n be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a by_o all_o law_n appear_v very_o clear_o from_o these_o reason_n 1._o that_o the_o law_n have_v just_o think_v fit_a that_o the_o magistrate_n only_o shall_v do_v justice_n to_o all_o and_o that_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v revenge_v himself_o for_o in_o so_o far_o he_o commit_v treason_n in_o assume_v the_o power_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n 2._o the_o power_n of_o take_v and_o use_v arm_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o consequent_o no_o private_a man_n shall_v run_v to_o arm_n upon_o a_o imagination_n that_o he_o be_v wrong_v in_o his_o honour_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o injury_n and_o reparation_n in_o such_o case_n a_o verbal_a injury_n be_v too_o severe_o punish_v when_o punish_v by_o death_n there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o what_o may_v be_v help_v and_o what_o may_v not_o 4._o revenge_n belong_v to_o god_n it_o be_v a_o usurp_a of_o his_o power_n it_o be_v the_o destroy_v that_o body_n which_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o god_n the_o deface_a of_o his_o image_n whereas_o to_o deface_v even_o a_o prince_n image_n design_o be_v treason_n and_o it_o be_v a_o spill_n of_o that_o blood_n for_o which_o christ_n shed_v his_o 5._o it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o a_o man_n self_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n self-murder_n nor_o need_v those_o who_o resolve_v to_o kill_v themselves_o take_v a_o base_a way_n since_o this_o honourable_a way_n be_v easy_a and_o patent_n for_o he_o may_v soon_o make_v quarrel_n and_o so_o kill_v constant_o till_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o the_o common_a wealth_n because_o it_o destroy_v its_o subject_n and_o make_v the_o hateful_a sin_n of_o murder_n a_o desirable_a effect_n of_o glory_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a offence_n against_o our_o friend_n since_o it_o draw_v they_o though_o innocent_a into_o the_o same_o snare_n as_o second_o assister_n and_o revenger_n and_o it_o be_v dishonourable_a because_o it_o wrong_v a_o man_n wife_n by_o make_v her_o miserable_a and_o notwithstanding_o of_o his_o many_o obligation_n to_o she_o 6._o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a decision_n of_o controversy_n since_o strength_n skill_n or_o accident_n prevail_v oftentimes_o against_o honour_n and_o innocence_n so_o that_o this_o trial_n shall_v neither_o be_v allow_v by_o justice_n nor_o honour_n and_o therefore_o augustus_n be_v provoke_v by_o anthony_n do_v noble_o answer_v that_o if_o anthony_n be_v weary_a of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v take_v any_o other_o way_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o and_o sertorius_n be_v provoke_v by_o metellus_n answer_v it_o be_v below_o a_o general_n to_o die_v like_o a_o common_a soldier_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v the_o magistrate_n will_v do_v justice_n in_o repair_v the_o fame_n of_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v nor_o can_v a_o duel_n restore_v the_o fame_n that_o be_v lose_v for_o a_o duel_n show_v only_o a_o man_n to_o be_v resolute_a or_o desperate_a without_o be_v innocent_a or_o generous_a and_o it_o be_v more_o presumable_a that_o the_o provocke_n be_v just_o defame_v and_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o survive_v the_o shame_n resolve_v to_o dispatch_v himself_o by_o this_o plausible_a way_n of_o self-murder_n nor_o can_v a_o man_n take_v a_o more_o easy_a way_n of_o publish_v that_o wherein_o he_o be_v defame_v then_o by_o kill_v the_o defamer_n whereby_o he_o will_v both_o bring_v himself_o and_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o accident_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o world_n though_o that_o act_n discharge_v only_o singular_a combat_n and_o that_o the_o word_n singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o only_o applicable_a to_o the_o fight_v of_o two_o single_a person_n which_o be_v only_o proper_o call_v singular_a certamen_fw-la yet_o this_o singular_a certamen_fw-la or_o singular_a combat_n be_v proper_o enough_o extend_v where_o more_o fight_n on_o a_o side_n cagnol_n in_o l._n favorabiliores_fw-la 86._o ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr v._o since_o fight_v of_o singular_a combat_n be_v only_o declare_v punishable_a therefore_o the_o give_v or_o receive_v challenge_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n though_o even_o that_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o the_o council_n arbitrarie_a as_o end_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o since_o the_o very_a fight_n be_v declare_v punishable_a by_o death_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o such_o as_o fight_v combat_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o neither_o party_n be_v kill_v and_o if_o only_o kill_v have_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n this_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a since_o that_o be_v punishable_a as_o murder_n before_o this_o act_n vi_o if_o any_o person_n be_v kill_v the_o libel_n be_v found_v both_o upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n and_o this_o act_n against_o duel_n but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o way_n of_o libel_v be_v this_o that_o if_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n against_o murder_n than_o self-defence_n be_v receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exculpation_n to_o eleid_v this_o
libel_n because_o self-defence_n there_o be_v not_o contrair_a to_o any_o quality_n of_o the_o libel_n which_o must_v be_v express_o prove_v for_o the_o quality_n of_o forethought_a felony_n must_v necessary_o be_v libel_v in_o murder_n yet_o it_o need_v not_o be_v prove_v and_o so_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o defence_n and_o lybel_n be_v not_o contrary_a whereas_o in_o duel_n a_o express_a provocation_n must_v be_v lybele_v and_o prove_v and_o so_o the_o probation_n of_o the_o libel_n and_o defence_n will_v be_v contrary_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o mackie_n in_o june_n 1670._o where_o it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o a_o challenge_v give_v and_o accept_v do_v infer_v a_o duel_n and_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o party_n provock_v come_v thereafter_o to_o the_o field_n be_v set_v upon_o and_o put_v in_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o provocker_n for_o though_o primus_fw-la insultus_fw-la be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v against_o forethought_a felony_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o where_o there_o precede_v a_o provocation_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o he_o who_o be_v provoke_v by_o go_v to_o the_o place_n versabatur_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o self-defence_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v the_o party_n provock_v may_v easy_o elude_v this_o statute_n because_o he_o may_v accept_v the_o challenge_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n refuse_v to_o fight_v until_o he_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o other_o and_o put_v even_o in_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n by_o he_o which_o method_n be_v follow_v by_o one_o robertson_n a_o soldier_n in_o linlithgow_n regiment_n he_o be_v notwitstanding_o find_v guilty_a of_o murder_n in_o july_n 1673._o vii_o from_o this_o it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o such_o as_o in_o answer_n to_o challenge_n do_v declare_v that_o they_o will_v be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o if_o the_o provocker_n attaque_fw-la they_o will_v defend_v themselves_o they_o fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o act_n since_o by_o decline_v a_o formal_a answer_n they_o design_v to_o cheat_v the_o law_n for_o by_o assign_v place_n and_o time_n they_o in_o effect_n accept_v of_o the_o challenge_n &_o this_o can_v neither_o be_v call_v a_o mere_a rancounter_n nor_o self_n defence_n as_o be_v most_o just_o debate_v by_o voet._n the_o duel_n cap._n 33._o quest_n 1._o but_o if_o any_o man_n get_v a_o challenge_n shall_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v not_o transgress_v the_o law_n but_o if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v attaque_fw-la he_o he_o will_v defend_v himself_o if_o this_o person_n thereafter_o in_o defence_n kill_v he_o will_v not_o be_v punishable_a by_o this_o act_n for_o self_n defence_n do_v not_o leave_v off_o to_o be_v a_o legal_a defence_n because_o the_o person_n attaque_v promise_n he_o will_v defend_v himself_o viii_o both_o the_o provocker_n and_o provock_v kill_v be_v by_o this_o act_n not_o only_o punishable_a with_o death_n but_o by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o the_o provocker_n be_v declare_v liable_a to_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v think_v fit_a because_o his_o guilt_n be_v great_a for_o the_o party_n provoke_v have_v still_o his_o guilt_n lessen_v with_o a_o shadow_n of_o self-defence_n not_o only_o be_v second_o art_n and_o part_n but_o even_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o challenge_n though_o they_o be_v no_o second_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o these_o can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n except_o they_o be_v present_a since_o the_o carry_v a_o challenge_n be_v but_o a_o incomplete_a act_n &_o nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o death_n follow_v upon_o a_o combat_n wherein_o they_o carry_v the_o challenge_n they_o be_v punishable_a as_o murderer_n since_o the_o crime_n be_v complete_v by_o their_o complice_n in_o june_n 1676._o david_n hamiltoun_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o albeit_o he_o have_v come_v to_o seek_v the_o length_n of_o his_o gear_n who_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o his_o son_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v but_o upon_o design_n to_o terrify_v the_o other_o to_o fight_v as_o appear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o expression_n but_o because_o he_o do_v tear_v the_o challenge_n how_o soon_o ever_o he_o get_v it_o in_o his_o hand_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o do_v trip_v up_o the_o man_n heel_n who_o be_v fight_v with_o his_o son_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v mere_o to_o end_v the_o combat_n he_o have_v take_v his_o own_o son_n in_o his_o arm_n immediate_o thereafter_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v likewise_o allege_v that_o those_o who_o be_v adduce_v witness_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v because_o they_o have_v come_v out_o of_o the_o house_n with_o the_o other_o party_n to_o the_o field_n and_o be_v very_o many_o in_o number_n they_o may_v have_v stop_v the_o combat_n if_o they_o have_v please_v notwithstanding_o of_o which_o objection_n they_o be_v receive_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o since_o all_o man_n be_v oblige_v as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o hinder_v crime_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o if_o many_o who_o may_v hinder_v do_v tam_o look_v on_o without_o offer_v to_o red_a or_o separat_fw-la the_o party_n they_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o this_o shall_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n officer_n who_o be_v present_a or_o in_o any_o who_o be_v command_v by_o they_o who_o cook_n observe_v to_o be_v fineable_a pag._n 158._o but_o even_o in_o all_o who_o be_v present_a though_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o they_o sholud_v be_v less_o then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o idem_fw-la est_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o nolle_fw-la prohibere_fw-la cum_fw-la possis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la non_fw-la prohibet_fw-la cum_fw-la prohibere_fw-la possit_fw-la in_o culpa_fw-la est_fw-la title_n xiii_o self-murder_n 1._o despair_n nor_o stoicism_n can_v defend_v against_o self-murder_n 2._o furiosity_n do_v defend_v 3._o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v self-murder_n be_v punishable_a 4._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n 5._o what_o declarator_n be_v to_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o donator_n of_o the_o self-murderer_n escheat_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v i._o god_n almighty_n have_v place_v every_o man_n at_o his_o post_n here_o and_o he_o who_o violent_o tear_v himself_o from_o it_o deserve_v much_o worse_a and_o be_v more_o guilty_a than_o a_o soldier_n who_o desert_n his_o station_n and_o since_o prince_n punish_v as_o criminal_n such_o as_o kill_v their_o subject_n much_o more_o may_v the_o almighty_a punish_v he_o who_o kill_v himself_o for_o he_o who_o kill_v himself_o kill_v god_n subject_a and_o therefore_o nemo_fw-la est_fw-la dominus_fw-la suorum_fw-la membrorum_fw-la the_o law_n likewise_o consider_v he_o who_o will_v kill_v himself_o as_o one_o who_o will_v spare_v none_o else_o and_o condemn_v a_o humour_n which_o be_v so_o dangerous_a upon_o these_o reason_n but_o especial_o because_o god_n have_v forbid_v man_n to_o kill_v without_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o kill_v ourselves_o or_o other_o all_o christian_a nation_n punish_v severe_o self-murder_n as_o murder_n for_o they_o confiscate_v their_o movable_n and_o deny_v they_o christian_a burial_n to_o which_o some_o nation_n for_o a_o further_a mark_n of_o ignominy_n add_v the_o hang_v they_o upon_o gibbet_n but_o this_o last_o our_o nation_n use_v not_o this_o crime_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o greek_n and_o it_o be_v condemn_v by_o plato_n l._n 9_o the_o leg_n and_o be_v at_o first_o punish_v by_o the_o heathen_n virgil._n lib._n 6._o aeneid_n speak_v of_o hell_n proxima_fw-la deinde_fw-la tenent_fw-la maesti_fw-la loca_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la laethum_fw-la insontes_fw-la peperere_fw-la manu_fw-la lumenque_fw-la pero_fw-la si_fw-la projecere_fw-la animas_fw-la the_o english_a call_v he_o felo_fw-la de_fw-fr se._n the_o stoic_n who_o have_v make_v their_o reason_n their_o god_n and_o make_v their_o convenience_n their_o reason_n allow_v the_o kill_n of_o one_o self_n either_o to_o shun_v thereby_o torture_n or_o shame_n and_o think_v death_n a_o door_n which_o every_o man_n may_v open_v at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o since_o death_n may_v surprise_v a_o man_n when_o he_o be_v not_o ready_a they_o resolve_v to_o be_v some_o way_n equal_a with_o it_o in_o force_v it_o to_o be_v ready_a whensoever_o they_o please_v and_o from_o their_o practice_n for_o most_o of_o the_o roman_n especial_o the_o gownsman_n be_v of_o that_o sect_n flow_v these_o roman_a law_n l._n 3._o §_o sic_fw-la autem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr eor_fw-la l._n siquis_fw-la §_o ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr pen._n by_o which_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o to_o evite_v a_o just_a
punishment_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vel_fw-la doloris_fw-la impatientia_fw-la for_o the_o first_o they_o punish_v as_o murder_n but_o the_o last_o they_o favour_v with_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nay_o and_o in_o the_o primitive_a church_n many_o for_o make_v themselves_o away_o to_o evite_v thereby_o idolatry_n or_o pollution_n have_v be_v account_v as_o martyr_n thus_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o adauctus_n have_v kill_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deflower_v it_o be_v doubt_v if_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v number_v among_o the_o martyr_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cedren_n pag._n 220._o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v report_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 17._o of_o a_o noble_a lady_n who_o be_v bring_v to_o maxentius_n but_o our_o law_n be_v jealous_a that_o such_o pretext_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o colour_v all_o base_a design_n and_o allow_v none_o to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n have_v make_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n dobbie_n cite_v by_o craig_n diage_n de_fw-fr regal_a and_o to_o allow_v this_o be_v to_o feed_v despair_n and_o to_o make_v patience_n and_o long-suffering_a to_o be_v no_o virtue_n ii_o yet_o furiosity_n and_o madness_n aught_o to_o defend_v against_o all_o punishment_n in_o this_o case_n since_o a_o furious_a person_n have_v no_o will_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o the_o will_n be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o crime_n nor_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o punish_v then_o infant_n be_v to_o who_o the_o law_n compare_v they_o fury_n also_o defend_v against_o treason_n blasphemy_n and_o heresy_n which_o be_v more_o atrocious_a crime_n than_o self-murder_n &_o facti_fw-la infelicitas_fw-la furiosum_fw-la defendere_fw-la dicitur_fw-la l._n infans_fw-la ad_fw-la l._n corn._n de_fw-fr sic_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o can_v well_o understand_v wherefore_o in_o dobby_n case_n as_o craig_n relate_v it_o the_o lord_n repel_v the_o defence_n of_o furiosity_n and_o find_v that_o even_o furious_a person_n ought_v to_o lose_v their_o movable_n if_o they_o kill_v themselves_o but_o i_o think_v the_o fury_n there_o have_v not_o be_v strong_o qualify_v and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v but_o a_o species_n of_o melancholy_n for_o the_o reason_n give_v for_o that_o decision_n be_v because_o the_o lord_n think_v no_o man_n will_v kill_v himself_o if_o he_o be_v not_o distract_v and_o so_o it_o distraction_n can_v defend_v such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o against_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n it_o will_v defend_v all_o who_o kill_v themselves_o and_o so_o the_o law_n shall_v have_v no_o effect_n but_o this_o must_v be_v interpret_v of_o some_o degree_n of_o madness_n for_o sure_o no_o man_n kill_v himself_o except_o he_o who_o be_v somewhat_o mad_a nor_o do_v hypochondric_n fit_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o madness_n defend_v against_o this_o confiscation_n but_o a_o total_a aberration_n from_o reason_n can_v but_o defend_v which_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n bolton_n cap._n 11._o lib._n 1._o and_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o must_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o various_a circumstance_n which_o attend_v such_o disease_n and_o from_o the_o declaration_n of_o physician_n who_o wait_v upon_o they_o whether_o one_o who_o be_v mad_a but_o have_v lucid_a interval_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o his_o madness_n or_o lucid_a interval_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o depend_v much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o since_o none_o use_v to_o kill_v themselves_o except_o under_o some_o distemper_n so_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o humane_a to_o refer_v this_o kill_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hour_n of_o madness_n except_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o killer_n use_v even_o in_o his_o lucid_a interval_n to_o wish_v he_o be_v dead_a or_o to_o commend_v self-murder_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 289._o iii_o a_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a as_o self-murder_n if_o the_o killer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o effectuate_v it_o as_o if_o he_o hang_v himself_o but_o be_v immediate_o cut_v down_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n wound_v himself_o mortal_o though_o he_o live_v year_n and_o day_n thereafter_o his_o good_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n bolton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o iv._o self-murder_n may_v be_v commit_v by_o omission_n as_o well_o as_o commission_n thus_o if_o a_o man_n will_v starve_v himself_o to_o death_n he_o may_v be_v punish_v by_o confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n but_o the_o design_n must_v be_v clear_o prove_v since_o as_o many_o innocent_a people_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o have_v kill_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v fast_v either_o through_o pain_n or_o necessity_n v._o when_o a_o man_n kill_v himself_o his_o majesty_n gift_n his_o escheat_n and_o the_o donator_n pursue_v a_o general_a declarator_n thereupon_o wherein_o he_o call_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v there_o that_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n he_o have_v get_v kill_v himself_o which_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o clear_a and_o convince_a evidence_n such_o as_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n or_o a_o paper_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n wherein_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o discontent_n and_o why_o he_o kill_v himself_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o these_o case_n wherein_o they_o design_v thereby_o to_o justify_v to_o the_o world_n this_o horrid_a act_n but_o i_o think_v presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a here_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n except_o they_o be_v very_o strong_a and_o violent_a but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v confiscation_n for_o though_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o crime_n to_o infer_v capital_a punishment_n yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o sustain_v to_o infer_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n or_o other_o civil_a effect_n and_o if_o presumption_n be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o this_o case_n self-murder_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o committer_n choose_v retire_v place_n and_o quiet_a time_n for_o execute_v their_o wicked_a design_n and_o who_o can_v say_v but_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v know_v to_o have_v express_v much_o despair_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n and_o be_v find_v with_o the_o door_n close_v and_o hang_v in_o his_o own_o garter_n but_o that_o these_o presumption_n will_v infer_v confiscation_n of_o his_o movable_n by_o our_o practice_n their_o declarator_n have_v be_v sustain_v before_o the_o lord_n upon_o probation_n of_o the_o self-murder_n lead_v before_o themselves_o without_o any_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o some_o think_v such_o a_o previous_a trial_n not_o necessary_a for_o all_o trial_n before_o they_o be_v by_o assizer_n and_o dead_a man_n can_v be_v try_v by_o a_o assize_n but_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o all_o other_o crime_n which_o be_v all_o try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n jurisdiction_n be_v here_o found_v ratione_fw-la incidentiae_fw-la and_o that_o many_o crime_n be_v try_v before_o they_o as_o fall_v incident_o in_o other_o civil_a case_n yet_o even_o in_o falsehood_n though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o deed_n itself_o yet_o no_o man_n escheat_n fall_v upon_o their_o decreet_a though_o he_o be_v find_v a_o falsary_a by_o they_o till_o he_o be_v also_o try_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o escheat_n fall_v as_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o sentence_n only_o nor_o have_v this_o exception_n be_v yet_o repel_v as_o to_o self-murder_n so_o that_o res_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la integrae_fw-la especial_o if_o the_o person_n who_o escheat_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v declare_v be_v yet_o alive_a so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v try_v before_o a_o assize_n for_o have_v endeavour_v to_o kill_v himself_o for_o some_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v one_o self_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o prevent_v as_o have_v be_v say_v former_o and_o in_o that_o case_n i_o conceive_v that_o a_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a title_n fourteen_o parricide_n 1_o to_o what_o degree_n reach_v parricide_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 2_o to_o what_o degree_n by_o our_o law_n 3_o whether_o do_v the_o act_n 220._o ja._n 6._o par._n 14._o extend_v to_o descendants_n 4_o whether_o do_v that_o statute_n extend_v to_o bastard_n 5_o the_o punishment_n of_o parricide_n by_o that_o statute_n 6_o the_o 20._o act_n par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o concern_v beat_n of_o parent_n explain_v 7_o how_o the_o murder_a of_o child_n be_v punish_v 8_o
who_o be_v repute_v accessary_a in_o this_o crime_n and_o how_o punish_v i._o parricide_n be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o kill_v our_o parent_n against_o which_o solon_n refuse_v to_o make_v any_o law_n lest_o he_o shall_v by_o forbid_v it_o teach_v the_o people_n it_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n parricide_n be_v commit_v by_o kill_a ascendant_n or_o descendants_n in_o any_o degree_n or_o collateral_n to_o the_o four_o degree_n the_o kill_v likewise_o of_o wife_n husband_n or_o patron_n be_v parricide_n by_o that_o law_n l._n 1._o ff_n h._n t._n ii_o with_o we_o parricide_n be_v by_o the_o statute_n 220._o ja._n 6_o par._n 14._o punish_v only_o in_o he_o who_o kill_v his_o father_n mother_n good-sir_n or_o good-dame_n and_o these_o be_v by_o that_o act_n ordain_v to_o be_v disherish_v and_o their_o posterity_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la be_v incapable_a of_o succeed_v to_o the_o person_n kill_v but_o the_o succession_n be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o next_o collateral_a or_o near_a of_o blood_n the_o person_n guilty_a be_v convict_v by_o a_o assize_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o statute_n be_v not_o exclusive_a of_o other_o punishment_n but_o suppose_v that_o parricide_n be_v capital_o punishable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n for_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v the_o punishment_n here_o relate_v shall_v be_v the_o only_a punishment_n by_o which_o parricide_n can_v be_v reach_v and_o woman_n for_o murder_v their_o child_n be_v frequent_o either_o hang_v or_o head_v as_o other_o murderer_n 2._o this_o act_n reach_v only_o such_o as_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o january_n 1664._o it_o be_v find_v that_o sir_n james_n oliphant_n be_v declare_v fugitive_n for_o kill_v his_o mother_n but_o not_o convict_v by_o a_o assize_n his_o estate_n can_v not_o be_v gift_v by_o the_o king_n and_o in_o effect_n though_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o a_o assize_n he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v forefault_v for_o the_o near_a collateral_a will_v seclude_v the_o fisk._n it_o be_v likewise_o find_v in_o that_o case_n that_o the_o son_n can_v not_o be_v forefault_v as_o have_v murder_v his_o mother_n under_z trust_v for_o they_o find_v that_o not_o to_o be_v the_o murder_n which_o be_v declare_v treason_n by_o the_o 11._o par._n cap._n 51._o ja._n 6._o for_o the_o trust_n there_o mention_v be_v when_o such_o as_o come_v under_o the_o trust_n of_o other_o be_v person_n who_o will_v not_o have_v come_v within_o their_o reach_n without_o special_a assurance_n of_o indemnity_n and_o protection_n and_o it_o be_v relate_v as_o a_o receive_a tradition_n among_o we_o that_o this_o act_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o mackdonald_a his_o kill_v the_o laird_n of_o mack-clane_a who_o come_v to_o lodge_v with_o he_o upon_o such_o assurance_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o feid_n which_o be_v among_o they_o it_o be_v likewise_o improper_a to_o say_v that_o the_o mother_n be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o assurance_n of_o the_o son_n and_o if_o the_o power_n and_o assurance_n betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n can_v fall_v under_o that_o act_n par._n 11._o ja._n 6._o this_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n and_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o place_n for_o the_o pain_n therein_o contain_v for_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o traitor_n belong_v to_o the_o fisk_n and_o not_o to_o the_o near_a collateral_a iii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v extend_v to_o parent_n kill_v their_o child_n and_o albeit_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o in_o terminis_fw-la express_a descendant_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o may_v fall_v under_o its_o sanction_n even_o as_o the_o foresay_a text_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v extend_v to_o equal_a degree_n with_o these_o express_v ob_fw-la paritatem_fw-la rationis_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n the_o kill_n of_o ascendant_n or_o descendants_n be_v parricide_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n run_v general_o against_o parricide_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o parricide_n be_v commit_v by_o mother_n against_o their_o child_n and_o woman_n daily_o be_v convict_v thereof_o whether_o the_o foresay_a statute_n against_o parricide_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o degree_n of_o affinity_n as_o well_o as_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n so_o that_o to_o kill_v a_o father-in-law_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o parricide_n as_o well_o as_o the_o kill_a a_o father_n may_v be_v doubt_v but_o i_o conceive_v it_o extend_v not_o to_o degree_n of_o affinity_n because_o 1._o law_n against_o crime_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v 2._o the_o statute_n discharge_v father_n brother_n or_o son_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o brothers-in-law_n &_o c._n though_o that_o extension_n will_v be_v more_o favourable_a 3._o some_o of_o these_o relation_n in_o this_o statute_n can_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v extend_v to_o degree_n of_o affinity_n for_o we_o say_v not_o good-sir_n or_o good-dame_n in_o law_n and_o albeit_o §_o 6._o just_a the_o publ_n judic_fw-la use_v the_o word_n adfinitatis_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n yet_o theoph._n in_o his_o greek_a instit_n eod_n §_o express_v the_o same_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v affectionis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la adfiniâ—atis_fw-la and_o with_o theophil_n agree_v 36._o eclog._n tit_n 40_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o this_o show_v advantage_n by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n iv._o whether_o it_o do_v extend_v to_o bastard_n may_v be_v doubt_v for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o since_o they_o know_v their_o mother_n it_o may_v be_v therefore_o extend_v against_o they_o if_o they_o kill_v she_o or_o she_o they_o yet_o since_o their_o father_n be_v uncertain_a nam_fw-la sunt_fw-la vulgo_fw-la quaesiti_fw-la &_o patrem_fw-la demonstrare_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la and_o since_o they_o have_v no_o advantage_n by_o their_o father_n in_o law_n it_o be_v hard_o the_o law_n shall_v punish_v they_o as_o parricide_n but_o yet_o lawyer_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o paricid_n allex._n ad_fw-la lib._n 2._o the_o injur_n voc_fw-la and_o since_o this_o be_v a_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o may_v be_v punish_v in_o bastard_n who_o be_v natural_a child_n v._o this_o crime_n extend_v not_o to_o movable_n by_o the_o act_n but_o by_o our_o law_n wherever_o the_o law_n punish_v by_o death_n it_o imply_v confiscation_n for_o movable_n follow_v still_o the_o person_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o france_n from_o which_o we_o have_v borrow_v this_o and_o many_o other_o thing_n qui_fw-la confisque_fw-la le_fw-fr corpse_n confisque_fw-fr les_fw-fr biens_fw-fr it_o be_v probable_a that_o upon_o this_o act_n even_o absent_v may_v be_v convict_v of_o this_o crime_n as_o the_o lord_n then_o think_v if_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o letter_n have_v bear_v the_o penalty_n here_o express_v for_o albeit_o probation_n can_v be_v lead_v in_o absence_n of_o the_o party_n to_o fix_v a_o crime_n upon_o he_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o civil_a effect_n which_o strike_v not_o against_o the_o person_n of_o the_o committer_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o all_o murderer_n be_v debar_v from_o succeed_v to_o such_o who_o they_o murder_v l._n cum_fw-la ratio_fw-la §_o sin_n ff_n de_fw-fr bonis_fw-la damnat_fw-la which_o be_v yet_o observe_v in_o france_n but_o though_o with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o contrary_a decision_n yet_o with_o we_o they_o be_v not_o debar_v and_o see_v this_o pain_n be_v only_o statute_v in_o the_o case_n of_o parricide_n we_o may_v by_o a_o natural_a consequence_n conclude_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o ordinary_a murder_n vi_o by_o the_o act_n 20._o parliament_n 1._o ses._n 1._o ch._n 2._o beat_v or_o curse_v of_o parent_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n with_o death_n and_o therefore_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o son_n or_o daughter_n above_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o and_o not_o distract_v shall_v beat_v or_o curse_v his_o father_n or_o mother_n he_o shall_v die_v without_o mercy_n but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o and_o past_a pupilarity_n they_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o from_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o this_o crime_n be_v mere_o statutory_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v beyond_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o act_n to_o grandfather_n or_o grandchild_n albeit_o appellatione_fw-la silij_fw-la &_o nepos_fw-la comprehenditur_fw-la in_o favorabilibus_fw-la 2._o that_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v oppose_v to_o death_n and_o so_o never_o can_v be_v extend_v in_o other_o act_n to_o death_n 3._o that_o those_o who_o be_v not_o above_o the_o age_n of_o pupilarity_n be_v not_o capable_a to_o commit_v crime_n nor_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o they_o be_v here_o
account_v as_o distract_a person_n and_o if_o they_o be_v punishable_a for_o any_o crime_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n vii_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o too_o ordinary_a for_o woman_n who_o bear_v bastard_n to_o murder_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o obviate_v this_o the_o law_n presume_v so_o far_o a_o woman_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v conceal_v she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o parricide_n if_o the_o child_n be_v find_v dead_a that_o it_o punish_v she_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n except_o she_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1595_o vid._n cod._a fab_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la parent_n occid_n def._n 11._o and_o with_o we_o lawson_n and_o ramsey_n be_v both_o scourge_v annis_fw-la 1661._o and_o 1662._o even_o though_o they_o be_v assoylzy_v from_o the_o murder_n but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v severe_a if_o the_o woman_n open_o acknowledge_v that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n though_o none_o be_v present_a when_o she_o bring_v it_o forth_o and_o in_o all_o such_o case_n woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n the_o take_a potion_n also_o to_o make_v one_o part_n with_o child_n abortum_fw-la procurans_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o species_n of_o parricide_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o she_o thus_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v she_o own_o child_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n l._n cicero_n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la and_o though_o the_o doctor_n distinguish_v here_o betwixt_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n after_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a or_o before_o it_o make_v it_o capital_a in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o yet_o they_o presume_v that_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a quod_fw-la fetus_fw-la erat_fw-la animatus_fw-la and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la and_o burden_v the_o delinquent_a to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a gomes_n the_o delict_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 32._o assert_n that_o this_o be_v presume_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n but_o ecclesiastic_a punishment_n and_o since_o to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a i_o incline_v to_o gomesius_n his_o opinion_n but_o yet_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n be_v quick_a be_v arbitrary_o punishable_a as_o be_v even_o the_o use_v mean_n to_o hâ—nder_a conception_n marsil_n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la mulierem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr sicar_n and_o in_o these_o case_n both_o the_o physician_n who_o administrat_n the_o cure_n and_o the_o woman_n who_o take_v be_v equal_o punishable_a marsil_n ibid._n viii_o so_o horrid_a be_v parricide_n that_o what_o will_v be_v but_o a_o degree_n of_o guilt_n in_o other_o crime_n make_v a_o complete_a crime_n here_o and_o thus_o a_o child_n endeavour_v to_o poison_v his_o father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o to_o kill_v parent_n by_o give_v they_o wound_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n in_o savoy_n c._n fab_n h._n t._n though_o the_o wound_a parent_n intercee_v to_o the_o contrair_a and_o the_o son_n who_o buy_v poison_n to_o poison_v his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v it_o carer_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 128._o for_o which_o crime_n suffer_v with_o the_o son_n the_o physician_n who_o furnish_v the_o drug_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 2._o basil_n h._n t._n and_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o son_n the_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o but_o regular_o these_o stranger_n be_v not_o capital_o punishable_a for_o such_o a_o accession_n except_o the_o crime_n take_v effect_n and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o nation_n though_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o basilick_n they_o who_o be_v conscious_a or_o lend_v the_o money_n or_o be_v surety_n for_o money_n to_o be_v so_o bestow_v be_v guilty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o son_n to_o kill_v his_o father_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o parricide_n caepol_n consil._n 36._o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a since_o to_o give_v poison_n to_o kill_v a_o father_n seem_v equal_a guilt_n to_o give_v a_o son_n command_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n as_o these_o circumstance_n heighten_v parricide_n so_o there_o be_v some_o which_o restrict_n the_o punishment_n as_o if_o the_o father_n shall_v find_v that_o his_o son_n have_v lyen_fw-we with_o his_o own_o mother-in-law_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lawyer_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v only_o punish_v by_o banishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o that_o general_o for_o whatever_o crime_n or_o fault_n a_o father_n may_v exheredat_fw-la a_o son_n that_o the_o same_o fault_n will_v excuse_v the_o father_n from_o death_n if_o he_o kill_v his_o son_n l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr paricid_n &_o cabal_n case_z 15._o some_o also_o think_v that_o a_o woman_n kill_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v banish_v and_o upon_o who_o head_n a_o fine_n be_v put_v be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n because_o her_o husband_n be_v nullus_fw-la injure_v and_o law_n allow_v all_o to_o kill_v such_o a_o person_n without_o any_o distinction_n betwixt_o wife_n or_o other_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n have_v conclude_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n since_o such_o sentence_n lose_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v natural_a obligation_n but_o he_o be_v still_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o law_n own_v so_o far_o the_o relation_n as_o not_o to_o punish_v she_o for_o omit_v to_o kill_v he_o or_o for_o cohabit_v with_o he_o cub_n consil_n 278._o a_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n by_o accident_n ought_v not_o to_o die_v and_o therefore_o much_o less_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n this_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o be_v prescribe_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n fourteen_o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 1._o what_o incest_n be_v and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o incest_n by_o our_o law_n 3._o sodomy_n how_o punish_v 4._o bestiality_n how_o punish_v incest_n be_v define_v by_o the_o civilian_n to_o be_v faeda_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o fâ—minae_fw-la commixtio_fw-la contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la sanguini_fw-la debitam_fw-la incest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o country_n all_o copulation_n betwixt_o ascendant_n and_o descendant_n such_o as_o grandfather_n father_n mother_n son_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o all_o acknowledge_a to_o be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o brother_n lie_v with_o the_o sister_n be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o roman_a catholic_n allege_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v therewith_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o difference_n betwixt_o that_o incest_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o second_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o the_o pain_n of_o incest_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v death_n but_o when_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v only_a deportation_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o three_o difference_n be_v that_o incest_n commit_v only_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n be_v excuse_v in_o a_o woman_n in_o figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la but_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o but_o the_o man_n be_v inexcusable_a in_o either_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num._n 5._o the_o four_o difference_n be_v that_o if_o a_o marriage_n contract_v be_v rescind_v as_o incestuous_a all_o the_o committer_n good_n be_v confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o tocher_n and_o jointure_n be_v only_o confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v only_o commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n matheus_n ii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o above-written_a distinction_n but_o it_o be_v universal_o statut._n act_n 14._o p._n 1._o i._o 6._o that_o whosoever_o pollute_v his_o body_n with_o such_o person_n in_o degree_n as_o god_n word_n do_v contain_v in_o the_o 18._o of_o leviticus_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n albeit_o by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n whosoever_o abuse_v his_o body_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o as_o actual_o copulat_v be_v only_o punishable_a by_o this_o act_n yet_o i_o think_v nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n as_o it_o be_v in_o
sodomy_n in_o which_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sodomy_n require_v habuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la veneream_n &_o pverum_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la cognovisse_fw-la cook_n p._n 59_o albeit_o the_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o this_o act_n yet_o practic_a have_v determine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v hang_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o barnoch_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n decemb._n 8._o 1641._o and_o of_o joan_n knox_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o her_o husband_n brother_n may_v 1646._o sometime_o it_o be_v likewise_o punish_v with_o head_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n strang_n who_o be_v behead_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o brother_n daughter_n the_o 4._o of_o april_n 1649._o iii_o sodomy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o man_n for_o which_o both_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n cum_fw-la vir_fw-la nubit_fw-la c._n the_o adult_n they_o be_v burn_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n as_o gothofred_n observe_v by_o the_o 25._o act_n henry_n the_o 8._o sodomy_n be_v declare_v felony_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v in_o all_o case_n to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o death_n though_o carpzovius_fw-la and_o the_o other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o confession_n alone_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n in_o this_o crime_n except_o other_o presumption_n concur_v for_o clear_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v true_o commit_v yet_o with_o we_o the_o confession_n itself_o without_o any_o other_o adminicle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n except_o the_o confessor_n be_v know_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v to_o be_v distemper_v mastrupatio_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la aliove_n instrumento_fw-la se_fw-la polluit_fw-la &_o punitur_fw-la ut_fw-la sodomia_fw-la carp_n part._n 2._o quest_n 76._o haec_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la iv._o bestiality_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o beast_n which_o the_o roman_n also_o punish_v with_o death_n and_o in_o which_o some_o lawyer_n affirm_v the_o endeavour_n be_v as_o high_o punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n itself_o effectus_fw-la sine_fw-la affectu_fw-la papon_n lib._n 22._o tit_n 7._o art_n 1._o damhaud_fw-fr cap._n 96._o n._n 16._o which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v who_o can_v harbour_v such_o horrid_a thought_n but_o especial_o if_o he_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o practice_n and_o be_v only_o let_v by_o some_o interveen_a accident_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o even_o in_o this_o crime_n the_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o less_o severe_a punishment_n than_o death_n which_o seem_v clear_a by_o l._n 1._o §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n qui_fw-la pvero_fw-la struprum_fw-la abducto_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupto_fw-la comite_fw-la persuaserit_fw-la aut_fw-la mulierem_fw-la puellamve_fw-la interpellaverit_fw-la quidve_fw-la impudicitiae_fw-la gratia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la perfecto_fw-la flagitio_fw-la punitur_fw-la capite_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la deportatur_fw-la and_o though_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o custom_n and_o climate_n lessen_v this_o crime_n the_o crime_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n think_v punishable_a less_o severe_o yet_o with_o we_o death_n ought_v to_o punish_v it_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v only_o let_v by_o other_o and_o in_o both_o their_o crime_n of_o sodomy_n and_o bestiality_n witness_n who_o be_v liable_a to_o exception_n will_v be_v receive_v because_o of_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n bos._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la we_o have_v no_o particular_a statute_n for_o punish_v either_o sodomy_n or_o bestiality_n for_o they_o be_v crime_n extraordinar_fw-mi and_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o our_o libel_n bear_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o 20._o c._n of_o leviticus_n as_o well_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o mankind_n as_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o a_o beast_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n yet_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o both_o these_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o beast_n be_v also_o burn_v with_o which_o the_o bestiality_n be_v commit_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n fidde_v who_o be_v convict_v of_o bestiality_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o last_o of_o may_n 1650._o and_o major_a weir_n april_n 1670._o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o hang_v and_o thus_o john_n logie_n be_v only_o hang_v in_o july_n 1642._o and_o james_n wilson_n be_v only_o hang_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n 15._o feb._n 1649._o which_o last_o sentence_n bear_v that_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o ordain_v the_o mare_n with_o which_o the_o buggery_n be_v commit_v to_o be_v drown_v in_o any_o moss_n or_o loach_n title_n xvi_o raptus_fw-la ravish_v 1._o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rapt_v describe_v and_o its_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o the_o violent_a lie_v with_o a_o woman_n without_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o be_v a_o rapt_v 3._o if_o the_o carry_v a_o woman_n away_o upon_o any_o other_o account_n then_o lust_n be_v a_o rapt_v 4._o if_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o without_o lie_v with_o she_o be_v a_o rapt_v 5._o if_o a_o woman_n carry_v away_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rapt_v 6._o whether_o a_o subsequent_a consent_n purge_v this_o crime_n 7._o some_o instance_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n 8._o whether_o the_o parent_n consent_n not_o be_v obtain_v make_v a_o rapt_v 9_o whether_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o force_v common_a whore_n be_v punishable_a for_o a_o rapt_v rapt_v or_o ravish_v be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o violent_a carry_v away_o a_o woman_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o for_o satisfy_v the_o ravisher_n lust_n and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a by_o death_n l._n un_fw-fr c._n the_o rapt_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o judge_n r._n maj._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 6._o and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o committer_n moveable_n for_o albeit_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v express_o appoint_v for_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o 8_o cap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o other_o crime_n above_o relate_v and_o these_o be_v murder_n treason_n and_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v all_o capital_o punish_v and_o by_o the_o act._n 4._o p._n 21._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o albeit_o the_o consent_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o woman_n ravish_v declare_v that_o she_o go_v away_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n may_v free_v the_o committer_n from_o capital_a punishment_n yet_o shall_v it_o not_o free_v he_o from_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v inflict_v by_o ward_n confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n or_o impose_v upon_o they_o pecunial_a mulct_n which_o act_n insinuat_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v otherways_o capital_a else_o that_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n ii_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o a_o rapt_v l._n 4._o c._n 8._o r.m._n be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o unjust_a oppress_v of_o a_o woman_n by_o a_o man_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o least_o from_o some_o doctor_n who_o allege_v that_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n or_o abuse_v her_o body_n violent_o be_v not_o a_o rapt_v except_o she_o be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o albeit_o they_o do_v confess_v that_o this_o violence_n be_v punishable_a by_o deportation_n or_o banishment_n and_o be_v as_o some_o affirm_v non_fw-la raptus_fw-la sed_fw-la stuprum_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr ad_fw-la leg_n iu_n l._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n and_o chief_o mathaeus_n do_v conclude_v that_o albeit_o the_o away_o take_v and_o the_o force_n or_o violent_a abuse_v a_o woman_n body_n be_v different_o punish_v yet_o they_o be_v degree_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o both_o be_v rapt_n but_o according_a to_o our_o law_n both_o be_v rapt_n and_o both_o punishable_a by_o death_n neither_o do_v our_o law_n make_v any_o distinction_n inter_fw-la raptores_fw-la &_o deforciatores_fw-la mulierum_fw-la betwixt_o ravisher_n and_o deforcer_n of_o woman_n and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o defloure_n a_o woman_n violent_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v
of_o achingter_n daughter_n 5._o july_n 1596._o yet_o i_o find_v that_o john_n kincaid_n have_v come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v feb._n 1601._o for_o ravish_a isobel_n hutchison_n a_o widow_n the_o king_n only_o fine_v he_o in_o 2500_o mark_n harry_n speed_n be_v hang_v 20._o feb._n 1639._o quia_fw-la laceravit_fw-la pudenda_fw-la pveri_fw-la which_o crime_n jul._n clar._n gothofred_n and_o other_o affirm_v to_o be_v also_o capital_a in_o their_o country_n i_o find_v one_o leiutenent_n ker_n pursue_v for_o ravish_v and_o away-taking_a robert_n cuninghame_n 6._o feb._n 1640._o but_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o species_n of_o plagium_n then_o of_o rapt_v vii_o since_o minor_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o adultery_n much_o more_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o a_o rapt_v since_o the_o injury_n be_v there_o both_o more_o attorcious_a and_o more_o unnatural_a and_o carp_n part_n 2._o quest._n 75._o give_v we_o several_a instance_n where_o this_o crime_n be_v capital_o punish_v in_o minor_n where_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o force_v even_o a_o common_a whore_n be_v capital_o punishable_a though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o they_o be_v infralegum_fw-la obseruantiam_fw-la and_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n who_o offend_v against_o it_o title_n xvii_o adultery_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o adultery_n and_o whether_o the_o lie_a with_o a_o unmarried_a woman_n or_o with_o a_o whore_n be_v adultery_n 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o our_o law_n 3._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o single_a and_o nottour_n adultery_n 4._o whether_o death_n can_v be_v inflict_v for_o single_a adultery_n in_o scotland_n 5._o whether_o the_o marriage_n ought_v to_o be_v prove_v 6._o who_o can_v be_v punish_v as_o accessory_n in_o adultery_n 7._o what_o probation_n be_v requisite_a in_o adultery_n 8._o whether_o a_o dicreet_a of_o devorce_n before_o the_o commissary_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v adultery_n in_o a_o criminal_a case_n 9_o whether_o he_o who_o hear_v his_o wife_n be_v dead_a marry_v another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n 10._o whether_o a_o pursuit_n be_v intend_v for_o nottour_n adultery_n and_o single_a adultery_n only_o prove_v if_o the_o single_a adultery_n can_v be_v punish_v in_o that_o case_n 11._o how_o adulterous_a child_n succeed_v adultery_n be_v a_o sin_n whereby_o man_n not_o only_o violat_a the_o second_o table_n in_o wrong_v their_o neighbour_n by_o steal_v from_o he_o his_o quiet_a his_o good_a name_n the_o affection_n and_o person_n of_o his_o wife_n endeavour_v also_o ofttimes_o to_o steal_v his_o estate_n for_o the_o adulterous_a child_n but_o be_v likewise_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o in_o break_v of_o that_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n in_o marriage_n and_o contemn_v that_o holy_a and_o mighty_a majesty_n who_o be_v then_o call_v upon_o as_o judge_n and_o witness_v i._o adulterium_fw-la est_fw-la vitiatio_fw-la alterius_fw-la thori_fw-la the_o violation_n of_o another_o bed_n and_o be_v commit_v by_o a_o marry_a person_n lie_v with_o a_o unmarried_a or_o a_o unmarried_a person_n lie_v with_o one_o who_o be_v marry_v for_o albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n when_o a_o man_n who_o be_v marry_v do_v lie_v with_o a_o woman_n who_o be_v free_a that_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v no_o adultery_n and_o albeit_o the_o lie_a with_o a_o whore_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v judge_v no_o adultery_n l._n 22._o cod._n hoc_fw-la tit_n si_fw-mi ea_fw-la quae_fw-la stupro_fw-la tibi_fw-la cognita_fw-la est_fw-la &_o passim_fw-la venalem_fw-la formam_fw-la exhibuit_fw-la ac_fw-la prostitutam_fw-la meritricio_fw-la more_fw-it vulgo_fw-la se_fw-la praebuit_fw-la adulterii_fw-la crimen_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la cessat_fw-la upon_o which_o law_n the_o doctor_n conclude_v that_o though_o he_o who_o first_o debaush_v a_o woman_n with_o adultery_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o adulterer_n yet_o these_o who_o do_v thereafter_o debauch_v she_o can_v farr_n quest._n 141._o num_fw-la 85._o yet_o this_o be_v against_o both_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o our_o law_n for_o the_o lie_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v still_o adultery_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o though_o she_o be_v a_o whore_n yet_o she_o be_v another_o man_n wife_n nor_o be_v the_o marriage_n dissolve_v by_o the_o adultery_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o if_o the_o woman_n with_o who_o the_o adultery_n be_v commit_v be_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o same_o be_v commit_v live_v as_o a_o common_a whore_n and_o the_o committer_n be_v a_o single_a man_n who_o know_v not_o of_o she_o be_v marry_v his_o punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o moderate_a upon_o that_o account_n but_o if_o the_o committer_n be_v marry_v the_o crime_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o woman_n be_v a_o whore_n or_o not_o since_o it_o be_v still_o a_o violation_n upon_o the_o man_n part_n to_o lie_v likewise_o with_o a_o man_n betroth_a or_o promise_a spouse_n or_o as_o we_o say_v his_o affidat_n spouse_n be_v adultery_n na_o nec_fw-la violare_fw-la licet_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la nec_fw-la spem_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la l._n 13._o §_o diu_fw-la 6._o ff_n h._n t._n which_o agree_v as_o i_o conceive_v with_o deu._n 22.23_o where_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o betroth_a virgin_n shall_v be_v stone_v as_o a_o adulterer_n because_o say_v verse_n 24._o he_o lie_v with_o his_o neighbour_n wife_n and_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o betroth_a virgin_n who_o be_v to_o be_v short_o marry_v render_v the_o succession_n as_o doubtful_a as_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o a_o marry_a wife_n the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v death_n as_o some_o think_v by_o the_o julian_n law_n relegatio_fw-la or_o banishment_n as_o other_o think_v but_o certain_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n be_v the_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v by_o that_o excellent_a constitution_n leg_n quamvis_fw-la cod._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi albeit_o thereafter_o justinian_n do_v by_o the_o 134._o n._n cap._n 11._o remit_v to_o the_o woman_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o ordain_v she_o only_o to_o be_v imprison_v in_o a_o monastery_n by_o the_o law_n likewise_o of_o most_o nation_n adultery_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o pecuniary_a mulct_n albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n it_o be_v punishable_a by_o ston_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n to_o death_n 20._o deut._n 22._o which_o punishment_n some_o think_v likewise_o to_o have_v be_v abrogate_a by_o our_o saviour_n because_o when_o the_o woman_n accuse_v for_o adultery_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o he_o do_v dismiss_v she_o without_o any_o punishment_n but_o this_o be_v very_o groundless_a for_o our_o saviour_n come_v not_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o such_o cause_n as_o himself_o declare_v and_o though_o he_o have_v be_v a_o judge_n yet_o she_o want_v a_o accuser_n iii_o our_o law_n divide_v adultery_n in_o that_o which_o be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o single_a adultery_n notour_fw-fr adultery_n be_v by_o the_o 74._o act_n parl._n 9_o q._n marry_o declare_v to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n after_o premonition_n be_v make_v to_o abstain_v from_o the_o say_v manifest_a and_o notour_n crime_n which_o premonition_n have_v its_o origin_n from_o auth._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr adult_n by_o which_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v thrice_o premonish_v not_o to_o converse_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o in_o effect_n the_o design_n of_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o punish_v a_o horrid_a abuse_n which_o be_v then_o ordinar_n viz._n the_o take_v away_o other_o man_n wife_n and_o keep_v they_o open_o as_o their_o own_o to_o the_o great_a contempt_n of_o law_n yet_o by_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o act_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o 105._o act_n 7._o parl._n i._n 6._o that_o be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v notour_n adultery_n where_o 1._o there_o be_v bairn_n one_o or_o more_o procreate_v betwixt_o the_o adulterer_n 2._o when_o they_o keep_v company_n or_o bed_n together_o notorious_o know_v 3._o when_o they_o be_v suspect_v of_o adultery_n and_o thereby_o give_v slander_n to_o the_o kirk_n whereupon_o be_v admonish_v to_o satisfy_v the_o kirk_n they_o contemptuous_o refuse_v and_o for_o their_o refusal_n they_o be_v excommunicate_a if_o either_o of_o which_o three_o degree_n be_v prove_v before_o the_o justice_n the_o committer_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o though_o by_o the_o first_o act_n premonition_n to_o abstain_v be_v still_o to_o be_v make_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o in_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o first_o case_n here_o relate_v it_o be_v declare_v necessary_a but_o since_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v premonish_v and_o thereafter_o converse_v except_o they_o converse_v in_o suspect_a place_n gribald_n de_fw-fr homicide_n num_fw-la 11._o it_o seem_v that_o in_o neither_o
of_o these_o statute_n conversation_n shall_v be_v criminal_a even_o after_o prohibition_n except_o it_o be_v in_o suspect_v place_n 2._o the_o justice_n be_v only_o declare_v to_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o notoriety_n of_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v controvert_v if_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o the_o cognition_n of_o it_o 3._o this_o act_n do_v not_o exclude_v capital_a punishment_n in_o other_o case_n of_o adultery_n but_o only_o ordain_v that_o these_o three_o degree_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o since_o there_o be_v other_o case_n more_o grievous_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o more_o scandalous_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n shall_v likewise_o be_v extend_v to_o they_o as_o for_o instance_n to_o commit_v frequent_a adultery_n and_o it_o appear_v it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pronounce_v against_o sir_n john_n stewart_n for_o three_o adultery_n 15._o august_n 1628._o as_o also_o isabel_n hamiltoun_n be_v pursue_v in_o july_n 1647._o for_o adultery_n and_o have_v enact_v herself_o never_o to_o return_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n she_o have_v thereafter_o return_v be_v immediate_o without_o any_o other_o process_n by_o a_o order_n from_o the_o justice_n execute_v in_o anno_fw-la 1649._o iu._n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o inflict_a death_n in_o other_o case_n upon_o ordinary_a adulterer_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o justice_n may_v not_o as_o well_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n inflict_v death_n without_o any_o express_a law_n here_o as_o they_o do_v in_o theft_n and_o other_o less_o crime_n and_o in_o effect_n adultery_n include_v theft_n as_o i_o say_v former_o and_o albeit_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o by_o the_o former_a act_n appoint_v death_n in_o the_o case_n abovecited_a the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v thereby_o exclude_v in_o other_o case_n yet_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v only_o a_o brocard_n and_o have_v only_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o presumption_n and_o therefore_o take_v only_a place_n in_o favourable_a case_n but_o shall_v not_o be_v extend_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o express_o ordain_v adulterer_n to_o die_v and_o in_o the_o foresay_a 74._o act_n 9_o parl._n q._n marry_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o this_o act_n shall_v be_v but_o prejudice_n of_o all_o other_o act_n and_o law_n already_o make_v with_o all_o rigour_n but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o act_n make_v prior_n to_o that_o anent_o adultery_n whereby_o the_o punishment_n be_v limit_v and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v that_o that_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o punishment_n relate_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n at_o the_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o magistrate_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o freedom_n to_o consider_v circumstance_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o if_o single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n these_o act_n have_v be_v needless_a to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o former_a act_n be_v to_o necessitat_fw-la the_o magistrate_n always_o in_o the_o case_n express_v in_o that_o act_n to_o inflict_v death_n and_o not_o to_o empower_v they_o only_o to_o do_v so_o and_o see_v single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o magistrate_n sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o english_a woman_n in_o december_n 1668._o sometime_o with_o scourge_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ridpath_n december_n 1642._o and_o sometime_o with_o fine_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o woman_n who_o commit_v adultery_n with_o george_n swintoun_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n warrant_v they_o to_o inflict_v these_o punishment_n and_o whereupon_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v force_v to_o found_v his_o summons_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o which_o law_n they_o be_v sustain_v without_o cite_v any_o municipal_a law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o that_o english_a woman_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o law_n inflict_v likewise_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a punishment_n of_o death_n be_v appoint_v in_o case_n of_o notour_n adultery_n yet_o the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n and_o so_o they_o ordain_v only_a ridpath_n a_o tinker_n though_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o double_a adultery_n in_o keep_v another_o tinker_n wife_n two_o year_n to_o be_v only_o scourge_v banish_v and_o burn_v on_o the_o cheek_n decemb._n 4._o 1662._o but_o the_o reason_n here_o be_v because_o tinker_n be_v in_o effect_n vile_a person_n who_o be_v seldom_o ever_o lawful_o marry_v and_o in_o such_o i_o find_v of_o old_a adultery_n be_v not_o punish_v by_o death_n as_o l._n 29._o c._n h._n t._n where_o adultery_n commit_v with_o a_o taverner_n be_v not_o punish_v severe_o quas_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la vilitas_fw-la dignas_fw-la legum_fw-la observatione_fw-la non_fw-la credidit_fw-la &_o erant_fw-la infra_fw-la legum_fw-la curam_fw-la and_o some_o respect_n be_v likewise_o have_v here_o to_o that_o absurd_a custom_n among_o tinker_n of_o live_v promiscuous_o and_o use_v one_o another_o wife_n as_o concubine_n the_o council_n sometime_o do_v likewise_o banish_v person_n for_o adultery_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v before_o a_o justice_n court_n even_o where_o notour_n adultery_n may_v be_v prove_v against_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jeal_n there_o a_o english_a man_n for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o margaret_n hamiltoun_n who_o at_o her_o death_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v there_o have_v lyen_fw-we several_a year_n with_o she_o and_o that_o he_o have_v alienat_fw-la her_o affection_n from_o her_o husband_n which_o induce_v she_o though_o without_o his_o accession_n to_o kill_v her_o husband_n and_o that_o she_o have_v several_a child_n by_o he_o all_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v great_a aggravation_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o he_o deserve_v well_o to_o have_v die_v from_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o ordinary_a adultery_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o use_v to_o be_v inflict_v either_o by_o banishment_n whip_v fyne_a or_o imprisonment_n if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o banish_v for_o adultery_n and_o return_v again_o without_o leave_n here_o she_o may_v be_v execute_v and_o thus_o the_o justice_n find_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o griselda_n hamiltoun_n decemb._n 1649._o or_o if_o adultery_n be_v complicate_v with_o any_o other_o crime_n the_o guilt_n be_v thereby_o aggrage_v and_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v capital_o punish_v thus_o margaret_n thomson_n be_v execute_v for_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o minister_n and_o for_o falsify_v a_o testimonial_a to_o the_o end_n she_o may_v get_v her_o child_n baptise_a may_v 28._o 1646._o v._o since_o adultery_n be_v only_o commit_v betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a that_o the_o libel_n in_o adultery_n bear_v that_o such_o person_n be_v marry_v and_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n commit_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o this_o crime_n be_v they_o seldom_o ever_o lead_v witness_n for_o prove_v the_o marriage_n without_o which_o be_v prove_v or_o be_v notour_n to_o the_o assize_n they_o shall_v not_o file_v the_o panel_n though_o copulation_n be_v prove_v but_o though_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o just_a but_o only_o a_o suppose_a marriage_n or_o matrimonium_fw-la putativum_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o yet_o the_o violation_n even_o of_o that_o marriage_n will_v infer_v adultery_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n not_o know_v the_o relation_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n de_fw-fr fendant_n though_o there_o be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o lawful_a marriage_n yet_o if_o either_o of_o these_o party_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v lie_v with_o any_o other_o they_o will_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n cravet_fw-la consilio_fw-la 205._o num_fw-la 36._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o committer_n do_v all_o that_o lay_v in_o his_o power_n to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o crime_n nam_fw-la proposita_fw-la maleficia_fw-la distinguant_fw-la and_o from_o this_o i_o be_o much_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o a_o endeavour_n to_o commit_v adultery_n if_o the_o adulterer_n do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o lay_v to_o accomplish_v the_o say_a design_n make_v the_o committer_n guilty_a of_o adultery_n if_o that_o design_n be_v bring_v the_o length_n of_o be_v in_o actu_fw-la proximo_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o though_o in_o that_o case_n i_o think_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v somewhat_o remit_v &_o haec_fw-la attentatio_fw-la est_fw-la
law_n by_o which_o non_fw-la licebat_fw-la ducere_fw-la eam_fw-la in_o vxorem_fw-la quam_fw-la quis_fw-la polluit_fw-la adulterio_fw-la but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o only_o hold_v where_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a divorce_n upon_o the_o adultery_n prior_n to_o the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o a_o present_a marriage_n can_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o contracter_n have_v commit_v adultery_n during_o their_o former_a marriage_n this_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v such_o marriage_n unlawful_a it_o do_v very_o consequential_o declare_v the_o succession_n to_o be_v beget_v by_o such_o unlawful_a conjunction_n to_o be_v unhabile_fw-la to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o these_o parent_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o it_o doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v disposition_n from_o their_o adulterous_a parent_n but_o i_o conceive_v as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n for_o though_o the_o law_n make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o make_v they_o uncapable_a to_o receive_v a_o disposition_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o be_v a_o far_a check_n upon_o the_o adulterer_n who_o child_n can_v no_o way_n be_v gratify_v by_o those_o with_o who_o they_o commit_v the_o crime_n yet_o since_o quilibet_fw-la est_fw-la arbyter_n rei_fw-la suae_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o deprive_v a_o man_n of_o the_o use_n of_o his_o property_n because_o he_o have_v commit_v adultery_n i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n such_o bastard_n as_o be_v bear_v in_o adultery_n or_o incest_n who_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v nati_fw-la ex_fw-la damnato_fw-la coitu_fw-la can_v neither_o succeed_v to_o their_o vicious_a parent_n nor_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o parent_n testament_n cum_fw-la ita_fw-la facilius_fw-la paterna_fw-la libido_fw-la coercere_fw-la possess_v censeatur_fw-la l._n fin._n c._n the_o nat_n lib._n bald._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr aur._n nor_o can_v they_o be_v adopt_v by_o their_o parent_n l._n legem_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr na_fw-fr lib._n upon_o which_o principle_n our_o parliament_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o 117._o act._n par._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o have_v streatched_a it_o a_o little_a further_o than_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v for_o by_o that_o statute_n a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o her_o adultery_n marry_v thereafter_o the_o person_n with_o who_o she_o commit_v the_o adultery_n for_o which_o she_o be_v divorce_v or_o dwell_v and_o resort_v in_o company_n with_o he_o at_o bed_n and_o buird_v can_v dispone_v her_o land_n or_o set_v tack_n thereof_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o will_v otherways_o have_v succeed_v to_o she_o from_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o since_o the_o woman_n be_v only_o incapacitat_fw-la to_o dispone_fw-la in_o this_o case_n that_o therefore_o a_o man_n though_o divorce_v for_o adultery_n may_v lawful_o dispone_v his_o land_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o child_n procreate_v in_o that_o adultery_n this_o prohibition_n be_v restrict_v to_o the_o woman_n because_o of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o her_o sex_n who_o may_v be_v tempt_v or_o seduce_v more_o easy_o than_o man_n can_v be_v and_o yet_o since_o the_o presumption_n do_v only_o run_v against_o the_o adulterous_a child_n procreate_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o mother_n will_v have_v prefer_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o and_o slight_v husband_n it_o seem_v strange_a why_o any_o deed_n do_v by_o she_o in_o prejudice_n of_o not_o only_o those_o child_n but_o even_o of_o any_o of_o her_o heir_n will_v be_v null_a though_o do_v in_o favour_n of_o neither_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n nor_o his_o child_n but_o even_o in_o favour_n of_o mere_a stranger_n who_o the_o law_n need_v not_o have_v suspect_v but_o this_o be_v certain_o do_v to_o prevent_v the_o mother_n fraudulent_a convyance_n who_o may_v have_v transmit_v the_o estate_n to_o the_o adulterous_a husband_n or_o his_o posterity_n or_o friend_n under_o borrow_a name_n the_o discover_v of_o such_o contryvance_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o the_o hazard_n of_o not_o discover_v being_n very_o great_a i_o conceive_v likeways_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o personal_a bond_n upon_o which_o the_o estate_n be_v thereafter_o comprise_v from_o the_o mother_n may_v be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o else_o the_o law_n may_v be_v easy_o cheat_v and_o the_o statute_n itself_o declare_v all_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_n heir_n direct_o or_o indirect_o to_o be_v null_a and_o yet_o since_o the_o mother_n remain_v still_o fire_n notwhithstand_v of_o this_o prohibition_n i_o see_v not_o why_o a_o bond_n and_o comprise_v lead_v thereon_o for_o debt_n true_o owe_v by_o the_o mother_n can_v be_v quarrel_v where_o nothing_o be_v fraudulent_o design_v against_o this_o act_n and_o though_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o prior_n marriage_n or_o the_o woman_n heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o this_o act_n will_v not_o militat_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la since_o a_o last_o heir_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v a_o true_a heir_n title_n xviii_o bigamy_n 1_o what_o be_v bigamy_n by_o our_o law_n and_o how_o punish_v 2_o why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n 3_o whether_o quaker_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o bigamy_n 4_o whether_o long_a absence_n may_v excuse_v in_o this_o crime_n 5_o whether_o the_o marriage_n sine_fw-la concubitu_fw-la infer_v bigamy_n 6_o whether_o a_o woman_n divorce_v for_o adultery_n marry_v again_o be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n that_o a_o man_n may_v marry_v two_o wife_n be_v allow_v by_o many_o nation_n and_o tacitus_n observe_v that_o only_o the_o german_n among_o all_o the_o nation_n be_v content_a with_o one_o but_o no_o nation_n allow_v that_o a_o wife_n shall_v marry_v two_o husband_n which_o be_v do_v either_o because_o man_n be_v the_o only_a legislator_n and_o so_o be_v kind_a to_o themselves_o in_o allow_v themselves_o that_o liberty_n they_o deny_v to_o poor_a woman_n or_o else_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v because_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o man_n prejudge_v the_o people_n the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o a_o man_n marry_v more_o wife_n be_v advantageous_a for_o it_o and_o the_o law_n say_v that_o more_o chastity_n be_v require_v in_o woman_n then_o in_o man_n and_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a than_o they_o bigamy_n be_v therefore_o more_o unnatural_a in_o woman_n i._o yet_o in_o our_o law_n either_o a_o man_n marry_v two_o wife_n or_o a_o woman_n marry_v two_o husband_n commit_v bigamy_n and_o this_o be_v account_v by_o the_o 19_o act_n 5._o par._n q._n marry_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v at_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o be_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o queen_n will_n and_o as_o infamous_a person_n never_o to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n or_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v ii_o it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v why_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o adultery_n see_v it_o may_v be_v notour_n adultery_n and_o be_v ordinary_o so_o to_o which_o difficulty_n i_o think_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o lawyer_n whether_o bigamy_n be_v punishable_a as_o adultery_n or_o as_o stuprum_fw-la or_o fornicatio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n they_o contend_v because_o god_n allow_v bigamy_n but_o he_o never_o allow_v adultery_n 2._o many_o nation_n allow_v bigamy_n who_o condemn_v adultery_n and_o l._n 2._o c._n the_o incest_n nupt_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o vemini_fw-la licet_fw-la dvas_fw-la vxores_fw-la ducere_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o adultery_n be_v not_o subjoin_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v that_o praefes_fw-la provinciae_fw-la hoc_fw-la inultum_fw-la non_fw-la patietur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o their_o marry_n show_v some_o more_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n then_o adultery_n &_o obfiguram_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la adeo_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la 3._o when_o bigamy_n be_v by_o this_o act_n declare_v punishable_a only_o as_o perjury_n and_o not_o by_o death_n even_o incorrigible_a and_o manifest_a adulteres_fw-la be_v only_o punishable_a by_o confiscation_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v clear_a as_o by_o the_o subsequent_a act_n and_o the_o act_n against_o notour_n adulterer_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n be_v not_o make_v till_o the_o 9_o the_o parl._n q._n marry_o i_o know_v that_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arb_n case_z 420._o think_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o adultery_n and_o i_o do_v think_v that_o if_o the_o marriage_n be_v contract_v upon_o design_n
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
stouthreif_n with_o we_o and_o roboria_n by_o the_o doctor_n than_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o of_o this_o afterward_o theft_n be_v likewise_o aggrage_v from_o the_o time_n as_o steal_v in_o the_o night_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o the_o thief_n defend_v himself_o and_o be_v arm_v l._n furem_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n the_o sicar_n but_o with_o we_o general_o a_o thief_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o person_n invade_v act_n 22._o ch._n 2_o p._n 1._o loss_n 1._o which_o may_v be_v extend_v also_o to_o such_o thief_n as_o be_v prepare_v to_o break_v the_o house_n of_o who_o have_v do_v it_o already_o and_o to_o steal_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o time_n a_o house_n be_v burn_a or_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v wrack_v or_o in_o time_n of_o tumult_n or_o general_a desolation_n be_v high_o punishable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n either_o paena_fw-la fustium_fw-la cum_fw-la relegatione_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la and_o with_o we_o i_o think_v such_o thief_n shall_v die_v for_o both_o they_o add_v affliction_n to_o the_o afflict_a and_o so_o show_v very_o much_o malice_n as_o also_o the_o commit_a theft_n be_v then_o very_a easy_a and_o to_o these_o case_n i_o may_v add_v theft_n commit_v in_o time_n of_o pestilence_n fourteen_o as_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o these_o so_o it_o be_v extenuat_fw-la by_o other_o circumstance_n as_o 1._o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o say_v be_v 2._o a_o wife_n steal_v from_o her_o own_o husband_n be_v not_o so_o severe_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o in_o other_o case_n for_o in_o effect_n she_o have_v some_o interest_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o common_a law_n this_o be_v not_o pursuable_a as_o theft_n sed_fw-la actione_n renum_fw-la amotarum_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la servo_fw-la §_o item_n placuit_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furt_n but_o with_o we_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v pursue_v either_o wife_n or_o husband_n steal_v from_o one_o another_o though_o the_o party_n can_v for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o there_o be_v too_o much_o malice_n in_o such_o pursuite_n and_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi design_n in_o that_o case_n rather_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o marriage_n then_o to_o have_v the_o crime_n punish_v 3._o he_o who_o steal_v from_o his_o debtor_n who_o will_v not_o pay_v he_o or_o steal_v what_o be_v rob_v from_o he_o be_v punishable_a but_o not_o by_o death_n clar._n num_fw-la 20._o the_o furt_n 4._o he_o who_o steal_v a_o thing_n of_o small_a value_n de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la of_o which_o former_o 5._o if_o the_o party_n from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o away-taken_a without_o his_o consent_n some_o lawyer_n think_v the_o crime_n be_v thereby_o purge_v which_o opinion_n other_o allow_v not_o except_o it_o be_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v presumption_n of_o a_o prior_n consent_n as_o the_o stealer_n good_a fame_n his_o friendship_n to_o the_o party_n accuse_v the_o relation_n by_o affinity_n or_o consanguinity_n etc._n etc._n but_o with_o we_o if_o the_o informer_n swear_v not_o the_o libel_n and_o depon_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v for_o aught_o he_o know_v the_o libel_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v 6._o if_o the_o taker_n have_v probable_a reason_n to_o presume_v the_o thing_n take_v by_o he_o to_o be_v his_o own_o than_o he_o be_v excuse_v from_o criminal_a punishment_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la questionem_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o ult_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xv._n there_o be_v with_o we_o other_o statutory_a theft_n which_o be_v not_o so_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o such_o as_o the_o break_n of_o milnes_n etc._n etc._n act._n 82._o p._n 11._o i._o 6_o a_o salt_a or_o coalyer_n also_o leave_v his_o master_n without_o a_o sufficient_a testimonial_a or_o at_o least_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v for_o his_o removal_n and_o attest_v by_o the_o bailie_n or_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o thief_n act._n 11._o p._n 18._o i._o 6._o but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o such_o only_a as_o receive_v fee_n and_o wage_n from_o other_o be_v only_o punishable_a as_o such_o but_o not_o otherways_o and_o real_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o poor_a coalyer_n or_o salter_n may_v not_o leave_v that_o trade_n either_o to_o take_v another_o trade_n or_o for_o sickness_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n and_o that_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o hinder_v their_o go_n from_o one_o master_n to_o another_o stealer_n of_o pyk_n out_o of_o stank_n breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n orchard_n or_o yard_n stealer_n and_o destroyer_n of_o hive_n be_v punishable_a as_o thief_n and_o this_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v a_o point_n of_o dittay_n and_o the_o unlaw_n to_o be_v ten_o pound_n and_o mend_n to_o the_o party_n conform_v to_o the_o skaith_n act._n 69._o p._n 6._o i._o 4._o but_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 2._o p._n i._n 1._o steal_v of_o green_a wood_n by_o night_n or_o peiler_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n shall_v pay_v forty_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n and_o assyth_v the_o party_n act._n 33.2_o p.i._n 1_o but_o thereafter_o by_o the_o 12_o act._n 4._o p._n i._n 5._o the_o break_n of_o dovecoat_n coney-gairs_a park_n or_o stank_n i._n e._n pond_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o theft_n but_o see_v that_o appoint_v not_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_n as_o theft_n as_o to_o the_o other_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1623._o two_o fellow_n call_v raith_n and_o deane_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n steal_v of_o bee-skeps_a and_o steal_v of_o sybow_n by_o the_o 84._o act_n 6._o p.i._n 6._o the_o destroyer_n of_o plant_v haining-broom_n policy_n be_v for_o the_o first_o appoint_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o owner_n the_o avail_n and_o ten_o pound_n for_o the_o second_o the_o avail_n and_o twenty_o pound_n for_o the_o three_o the_o avail_n and_o forty_o pound_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o iron_n for_o eight_o day_n for_o the_o second_o fifteen_o day_n for_o the_o three_o a_o month_n and_o to_o be_v scourge_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n by_o which_o act_n likewise_o the_o breaker_n of_o dovecoat_n conyingairs_n and_o park_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v the_o same_o way_n if_o they_o be_v not_o responsal_n they_o be_v to_o hang_v for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o these_o person_n abovenamed_a be_v hang_v for_o break_v of_o yard_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o that_o act_n though_o there_o be_v for_o break_v of_o dovecoat_n and_o park_n and_o so_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o former_a act_n be_v not_o abrogate_a by_o this_o act_n and_o this_o act_n declare_v that_o the_o punishment_n here_o prescribe_v shall_v be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o call_v the_o defender_n at_o justice_n court_n and_o all_o the_o innovation_n introduce_v by_o this_o act_n be_v that_o the_o offender_n may_v be_v try_v in_o their_o case_n by_o the_o baron_n or_o landlord_n within_o who_o land_n the_o wrong_n be_v commit_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v take_v reid_v hand_n whereas_o landlord_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a and_o by_o the_o sheriff_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v reid_v hand_n 2._o there_o be_v allow_v by_o this_o act_n a_o power_n to_o landlord_n to_o judge_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wrong_n do_v to_o their_o own_o tenant_n which_o regulariter_fw-la be_v not_o lawful_a it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o this_o and_o the_o 12_o act_n i._n 5._o p._n 4._o add_v still_o without_o the_o goodwill_n of_o the_o owner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v that_o albeit_o the_o owner_n declaration_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o thief_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n and_o that_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n because_o this_o statutory_a theft_n be_v only_o introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o this_o clause_n have_v else_o be_v uncnecessar_n 2._o it_o be_v presumable_a that_o the_o owner_n will_v not_o refuse_v his_o consent_n to_o kill_v a_o deer_n or_o coney_n and_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n invito_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n be_v not_o absolute_o â—â—â—ecessary_a as_o many_o lawyer_n carp_o observe_v and_o that_o in_o some_o case_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n may_v defend_v the_o party_n 8._o it_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o this_o act_n that_o theft_n shall_v be_v prove_v by_o confession_n or_o witness_n and_o though_o other_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n yet_o this_o
or_o precinct_n thereof_o thomas_n crumbie_n be_v hang_v and_o his_o movable_n escheat_n for_o offer_v to_o strike_v my_o lady_n traquair_n with_o a_o draw_a sword_n in_o her_o garden_n 23._o feb._n 1638._o but_o if_o the_o place_n wherein_o the_o invasion_n be_v make_v be_v no_o enclosure_n and_o so_o adjoin_v to_o the_o house_n i_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v at_o the_o very_a door_n of_o the_o house_n that_o bart._n his_o opinion_n of_o juxta_fw-la dominum_fw-la do_v not_o hold_v and_o thus_o a_o gentleman_n be_v pursue_v upon_o the_o 24._o of_o july_n 1663._o for_o hame-sucken_a in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o come_v to_o alexander_n prove_v dwell_v house_n and_o there_o call_v he_o out_o and_o force_v he_o to_o yoke_v his_o cart_n and_o scourge_v he_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o libel_n as_o hame-sucken_a because_o it_o be_v not_o commit_v in_o the_o pursuer_n house_n though_o it_o be_v do_v at_o the_o house_n door_n but_o sustain_v it_o as_o oppression_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v in_o this_o case_n that_o this_o invasion_n be_v hamesucken_v because_o the_o person_n injure_v be_v call_v out_o of_o his_o own_o house_n by_o the_o offender_n and_o so_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la he_o must_v be_v repute_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v in_o it_o the_o justice_n will_v have_v sustain_v this_o to_o have_v be_v hame-sucken_a if_o it_o can_v have_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o wrong_n be_v do_v immediate_o without_o any_o prevein_v provocation_n for_o the_o law_n will_v have_v presume_v that_o the_o person_n be_v call_v out_o of_o design_n to_o evite_v the_o quality_n of_o that_o crime_n nec_fw-la debet_fw-la fraus_fw-la sua_fw-la quem_fw-la libet_fw-la adjuvare_fw-la it_o be_v doubt_v if_o a_o man_n shop_n be_v to_o be_v account_v his_o house_n to_o infer_v this_o crime_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o security_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v as_o well_o in_o the_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o much_o the_o publick_v interest_n that_o shop_n be_v not_o enter_v and_o person_n disturb_v therein_o as_o house_n for_o thereby_o public_a commerce_n be_v leise_v as_o well_o as_o private_a safety_n yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a c._n 19_o v._n 1._o that_o be_v only_o call_v a_o man_n house_n where_o he_o use_v to_o rise_v and_o lie_v and_o among_o the_o different_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n i_o find_v this_o reconcealing_a distinction_n use_v that_o if_o the_o shop_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o house_n and_o be_v not_o repute_v a_o different_a house_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la invasion_n in_o the_o shop_n infer_v hame-sucken_a otherways_o not_o cabal_n ibid._n where_o he_o likewise_o cite_v saliset_v albericus_fw-la and_o other_o determine_v that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o house_n in_o one_o whereof_o he_o dwell_v not_o with_o his_o family_n that_o his_o be_v invade_v in_o that_o house_n make_v it_o not_o hame-sucken_a which_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o our_o own_o law_n abovecited_a which_o require_v lie_v and_o rise_v and_o thus_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o june_n 1669._o thomas_n sydserf_n have_v pursue_v mungo_n murray_n etc._n etc._n for_o invade_v he_o in_o his_o playhouse_n that_o invasion_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a but_o with_o imprisonment_n nota_fw-la the_o former_a law_n against_o hame-sucken_a take_v place_n as_o well_o when_o the_o invasion_n be_v commit_v in_o a_o man_n hire_a house_n as_o his_o own_o if_o he_o and_o his_o family_n live_v there_o skeen_n ibid._n &_o bartol_n le_fw-fr ad_fw-la legem_fw-la jul_fw-la de_fw-fr adulteriis_fw-la it_o may_v be_v likeways_o doubt_v whether_o the_o beat_v a_o man_n in_o his_o own_o ship_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a since_o a_o man_n have_v not_o his_o family_n there_o and_o so_o it_o can_v be_v call_v proper_o his_o name_n but_o yet_o i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o such_o since_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o a_o seaman_n residence_n and_o thus_o it_o have_v be_v find_v with_o we_o that_o a_o skipper_n may_v prove_v a_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o in_o his_o own_o ship_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n though_o servant_n can_v prove_v regulariter_fw-la for_o their_o master_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o hame-sucken_a it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o a_o innkeeper_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o hame-sucken_a when_o do_v to_o he_o by_o such_o as_o lodge_v in_o his_o own_o inn_n and_o though_o it_o be_v alalledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a crime_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n who_o lodge_v not_o there_o because_o that_o be_v a_o hame-sucken_a against_o hospitality_n yet_o because_o a_o inn_n be_v a_o public_a house_n and_o belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o lodger_n as_o to_o the_o master_n the_o justice_n do_v only_o sustain_v this_o as_o a_o great_a riot_n but_o not_o as_o hame-sucken_a in_o the_o case_n of_o meor_n of_o penniglen_n anno_fw-la 1675._o iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o ravish_a of_o woman_n r._n m._n l._n 4._o cap._n 9_o and_o 10._o and_o therefore_o the_o law_n make_v against_o ravish_v of_o woman_n be_v ordinary_o libel_v upon_o there_o be_v no_o special_a punishment_n express_v in_o the_o law_n against_o hame-sucken_a shall_v be_v pursue_v within_o a_o night_n after_o it_o be_v commit_v which_o time_n be_v allow_v for_o get_v the_o advice_n of_o friend_n ibid._n and_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o the_o lady_n traquair_n it_o be_v sustain_v after_o two_o month_n time_n and_o doubtless_o that_o short_a prescription_n be_v now_o absolet_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o have_v be_v because_o it_o be_v punishable_a as_o ravish_v of_o woman_n it_o have_v borrow_v from_o that_o crime_n the_o necessity_n of_o be_v recent_o pursue_v and_o i_o think_v that_o though_o the_o foresay_a short_a prescription_n be_v not_o allow_v by_o present_a custom_n yet_o the_o judge_n shall_v consider_v whether_o any_o considerable_a time_n have_v interveined_a for_o else_o per_fw-la intervallum_fw-la tempóris_fw-la videtur_fw-la dissimulari_fw-la sicut_fw-la injuria_fw-la dissimulatur_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o person_n offend_v will_v have_v sit_v long_o with_o such_o a_o wrong_n and_o since_o that_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_a of_o its_o own_o nature_n do_v become_v such_o by_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o the_o person_n accuse_v shall_v not_o lie_v long_o under_o the_o hazard_n &_o gravatus_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la levandus_fw-la in_o alio_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v likewise_o this_o privilege_n that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o pursuer_n own_o servant_n friend_n or_o other_o witness_n who_o be_v otherwise_o liable_a to_o exception_n which_o be_v introduce_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o necessity_n but_o likewise_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o the_o offender_n not_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prove_v crime_n of_o that_o nature_n by_o other_o then_o be_v in_o the_o family_n iv._o when_o hame-sucken_a be_v pursue_v only_o as_o a_o aggravation_n it_o be_v libel_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o hame-sucken_a and_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o be_v arbitrary_a eo_fw-la casu_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o old_a a_o aggravation_n of_o a_o crime_n that_o david_n 2_o sam._n chap._n 4._o vers_fw-la 11._o aggravat_v the_o death_n of_o ishbosheth_n because_o they_o have_v slay_v he_o in_o his_o own_o house_n and_o upon_o his_o own_o bed_n the_o libel_n in_o hame-sucken_a run_v thus_o that_o albeit_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o committer_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o hame-sucken_a that_o be_v to_o say_v who_o ever_o invade_v any_o of_o our_o peaceable_a subject_n and_o liedge_n violent_o with_o weapon_n within_o their_o own_o dwell_v house_n or_o precinct_n thereof_o contrair_a to_o our_o peace_n shall_v incur_v and_o under_o the_o pain_n and_o punishment_n of_o death_n as_o our_o say_n law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o whereof_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o upon_o last_o bypass_a the_o forename_a person_n above-complained_n upon_o be_v bodden_fw-mi in_o fear_n of_o war_n with_o sword_n and_o other_o weapon_n invasive_a come_v under_o silence_n and_o cloud_n of_o night_n about_o ten_o hour_n at_o even_o to_o the_o say_v a._n b._n his_o dwell_a house_n where_o he_o be_v quiet_a and_o in_o a_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n etc._n etc._n title_n xxii_o break_v of_o prison_n 1._o the_o punishment_n of_o break_v of_o prison_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 2._o how_o the_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o break_v by_o another_o be_v punishable_a 3._o whether_o he_o be_v punishable_a if_o he_o
the_o judge_n make_v election_n of_o one_o of_o the_o pain_n can_v thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o l._n ff_o senatus_fw-la de_fw-la acusationibus_fw-la vid._n cabal_n resol_fw-it criminal_a cap._n 3._o where_o this_o general_a question_n be_v full_o handle_v and_o to_o the_o consideration_n there_o adduce_v by_o he_o i_o will_v add_v this_o that_o where_o there_o be_v several_a punishment_n appint_v by_o law_n whereof_o the_o one_o derogat_n not_o from_o the_o other_o that_o the_o judge_n shall_v follow_v that_o of_o the_o two_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n and_o therefore_o see_v confiscation_n of_o moveable_n and_o imprisonment_n be_v always_o use_v in_o this_o case_n that_o punishment_n shall_v be_v certain_o follow_v by_o the_o juge_n for_o since_o custom_n may_v antiquat_v law_n and_o be_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o judge_n to_o proceed_v criminal_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n it_o shall_v much_o more_o determine_v betwixt_o two_o law_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v follow_v but_o there_o be_v the_o less_o difficulty_n in_o this_o case_n that_o none_o of_o the_o act_n make_v deforcement_n to_o be_v capital_a and_o these_o word_n that_o their_o life_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v do_v not_o infer_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la the_o pain_n of_o death_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o full_o debate_v but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o their_o person_n may_v not_o likewise_o be_v punishable_a see_v not_o only_a by_o the_o former_a act_n be_v their_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v but_o likewise_o by_o the_o seven_o act_n 17._o parliament_n i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o deforcement_n of_o officer_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o escheat_n of_o their_o movable_a good_n and_o punishment_n of_o their_o person_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v geminatio_fw-la legum_fw-la which_o make_v the_o law_n much_o strong_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o some_o sea_n man_n in_o bruntisland_n have_v row_v off_o their_o boat_n when_o the_o customer_n officer_n be_v about_o to_o poynd_v some_o unfree_a good_n buy_v out_o of_o captain_n dewars_n ship_n by_o row_v off_o of_o which_o boat_n the_o messenger_n who_o be_v to_o poynd_n fall_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v summary_o in_o july_n 1669._o ordain_v the_o seaman_n to_o be_v whip_v which_o be_v according_o do_v iii_o messenger_n have_v as_o the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n a_o blazon_n bear_v the_o king_n arm_n and_o a_o wand_n of_o peace_n if_o they_o bear_v not_o the_o blazon_n it_o be_v believe_v and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o conception_n and_o relevancy_n of_o the_o lybel_n they_o may_v be_v deforce_v because_o by_o that_o act_n only_a people_n be_v obleidge_v to_o know_v that_o they_o be_v messenger_n and_o the_o wand_n of_o peace_n be_v that_o whereby_o they_o touch_v a_o rebel_n and_o declare_v he_o to_o be_v their_o prisoner_n and_o when_o they_o be_v deforce_v they_o use_v to_o break_v the_o wand_n of_o peace_n but_o though_o their_o libel_n bear_v always_o that_o the_o wand_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v yet_o if_o the_o trouble_v of_o the_o messenger_n be_v prove_v though_o this_o quality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o assize_n will_v still_o find_v guilty_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o murray_n and_o french_a 13._o july_n 1669._o where_o it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o albeit_o ordinary_o the_o messenger_n who_o be_v deforce_v do_v give_v in_o with_o his_o libel_n a_o exemption_n of_o deforcement_n wherein_o after_o the_o ordinary_a form_n he_o relate_v how_o he_o execute_v the_o letter_n and_o how_o and_o by_o who_o he_o be_v deforce_v yet_o that_o execution_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o prove_v the_o deforcement_n but_o that_o the_o deforcement_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n for_o else_o there_o can_v be_v no_o deforcement_n if_o the_o messenger_n be_v kill_v so_o that_o he_o can_v make_v no_o execution_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bribe_v by_o the_o deforcer_n and_o so_o will_v give_v none_o but_o that_o a_o execution_n of_o deforcement_n be_v only_o necessary_a to_o the_o effect_n the_o letter_n may_v be_v repute_n as_o valid_o execute_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v real_o execute_v it_o use_v sometime_o to_o be_v allege_v against_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o libel_n in_o this_o crime_n that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a because_o it_o bear_v not_o that_o the_o messenger_n have_v the_o letter_n of_o caption_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o show_v they_o to_o the_o party_n who_o he_o apprehend_v be_v virtue_n of_o that_o caption_n for_o without_o see_v of_o the_o letter_n the_o party_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o obey_v and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o any_o man_n may_v take_v a_o free_a liege_n and_o keep_v he_o till_o he_o shall_v get_v a_o caption_n though_o he_o have_v none_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o execution_n but_o upon_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n 1672._o gordoun_n of_o braco_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o deforcement_n though_o the_o messenger_n his_o have_v a_o caption_n be_v neither_o libel_v nor_o prove_v and_o that_o because_o the_o rebel_n do_v not_o crave_v to_o see_v a_o warrant_n and_o the_o messenger_n be_v answerable_a if_o he_o do_v execute_v without_o a_o warrant_n neither_o do_v the_o lord_n think_v that_o the_o messenger_n be_v bind_v to_o put_v the_o warrant_n in_o the_o rebel_n hand_n leave_v he_o shall_v destroy_v it_o but_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o show_v it_o to_o any_o disinterest_v person_n who_o be_v present_a in_o the_o same_o process_n it_o be_v likewise_o find_v that_o a_o messenger_n may_v execute_v a_o caption_n under_o silence_n of_o night_n though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o this_o may_v give_v a_o colour_n to_o robber_n to_o enter_v in_o to_o honest_a man_n house_n under_o night_n upon_o pretext_n of_o execute_v of_o caption_n though_o poynding_n indeed_o can_v be_v execute_v after_o the_o sun_n be_v set_v because_o a_o poynd_n be_v a_o sentence_n and_o require_v formam_fw-la judicii_fw-la and_o no_o court_n can_v be_v keep_v under_o silence_n of_o night_n some_o judge_n ordain_v officer_n to_o take_v raes_n from_o a_o mast_n and_o arrest_v ship_n without_o a_o write_a order_n the_o haste_n of_o the_o execution_n so_o require_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o though_o such_o have_v not_o a_o write_a warrant_n they_o can_v lawful_o be_v oppose_v for_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o good_a subject_n to_o inquire_v first_o if_o he_o who_o pretend_v to_o have_v authority_n have_v it_o already_o though_o he_o see_v no_o write_a warrant_n but_o not_o rash_o to_o oppose_v what_o may_v be_v lawful_a another_o ordinary_a objection_n against_o the_o libel_n be_v that_o the_o messenger_n and_o his_o assister_n do_v transgress_v their_o power_n and_o warrant_v and_o so_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v they_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o 18._o of_o novemb_n 1667._o mr._n archibald_n borthwick_n be_v pursue_v for_o deforcement_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o he_o compear_v as_o procurator_n for_o the_o lord_n borthwick_n who_o have_v arrest_v sandiland_n and_o the_o tenant_n corn_n as_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o allege_v the_o messenger_n can_v not_o poynd_v the_o corn_n till_o the_o master_n be_v pay_v wherein_o the_o messenger_n do_v unjust_o and_o so_o he_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o stop_v the_o poynd_n this_o alledgiance_n be_v find_v relevant_a but_o if_o just_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v and_o lawyer_n be_v very_o positive_a that_o no_o man_n can_v stop_v any_o execution_n upon_o such_o pretence_n of_o unjustice_n where_o the_o unjustice_n can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o redress_v by_o appellation_n or_o otherwise_o which_o they_o call_v resistentia_fw-la licita_fw-la per_fw-la subsidium_fw-la menoch_n de_fw-fr recup_n possess_v reme_v 8._o num_fw-la 30._o &_o 31._o cabal_n resol_fw-it crim_n case_z 132._o and_o their_o opinion_n seem_v most_o just_a for_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o make_v private_a person_n and_o such_o also_o as_o be_v interest_v judge_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o what_o be_v do_v against_o themselves_o 2._o nunquam_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la ordinario_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o messenger_n do_v any_o wrong_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n he_o be_v liable_a therefore_o ad_fw-la damnum_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o find_v caution_n for_o that_o effect_n to_o the_o lion_n at_o his_o entry_n 3._o messenger_n be_v judge_n in_o poynding_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o resist_v judge_n upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o judge_v unjust_o and_o this_o suggest_v to_o i_o another_o distinction_n which_o be_v that_o either_o a_o messenger_n or_o executer_n do_v wrong_v the_o party_n interest_v via_fw-la juris_fw-la as_o in_o omit_v formality_n and_o repel_v
person_n extant_a who_o abide_v simple_o at_o the_o writ_n as_o true_a as_o kennedy_n do_v in_o this_o case_n for_o else_o the_o user_n though_o a_o singular_a successor_n must_v abide_v at_o the_o writ_n as_o a_o true_a writ_n simple_o without_o which_o any_o false_a writ_n may_v be_v vent_v secure_o the_o counterfeiter_n of_o the_o king_n letter_n for_o which_o binnie_n be_v hang_v the_o opener_n and_o unsealer_n of_o private_a letter_n from_o which_o bart._n likewise_o conclude_v that_o advocat_n writer_n and_o other_o who_o reveal_v their_o client_n paper_n to_o their_o adversary_n and_o the_o seal_v other_o man_n letter_n with_o the_o sealer_n own_o seal_n and_o reveal_v the_o secret_n of_o a_o town_n commit_v likwiseâ—_n falshood_n 5._o a_o nottar_n who_o draw_v any_o unlawful_a writ_n verb._n gra_fw-mi a_o usurary_a contract_n commit_v falsehood_n but_o not_o in_o scotland_n 6._o a_o nottar_n who_o express_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v false_a in_o a_o instrument_n commit_v falsehood_n as_o if_o he_o say_v the_o money_n be_v number_v where_o it_o be_v not_o or_o if_o he_o mark_v person_n to_o be_v present_a who_o be_v not_o but_o with_o we_o a_o nottar_n commit_v not_o falsehood_n though_o he_o say_v in_o the_o writ_n which_o he_o draw_v that_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v whereas_o it_o be_v not_o i_o find_v that_o jacob_n de_fw-fr sancto_fw-la georgio_n ad_fw-la l._n de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr legib._n observe_v that_o consuctudo_fw-la loci_fw-la excusat_fw-la notarium_fw-la à _fw-la paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la iii_o falsehood_n in_o writ_n be_v commit_v by_o omission_n in_o not_o set_v down_o what_o the_o nottar_n be_v desire_v to_o set_v down_o in_o his_o instrument_n or_o omit_v to_o express_v the_o day_n and_o place_n when_o the_o omit_v thereof_o may_v have_v be_v disadvantageous_a in_o our_o law_n he_o of_o old_a who_o falsify_v the_o king_n or_o his_o superior_n charter_n commit_v treason_n but_o he_o who_o falsify_v only_o the_o charter_n of_o a_o private_a man_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v by_o loss_n or_o mutilation_n of_o a_o member_n reg._n maj._n l._n 4._o cap._n 13._o num_fw-la 4._o &_o 5._o or_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v lib._n 30._o cap._n 8._o but_o therefore_o it_o be_v determine_v stat._n alexander_n 19_o that_o the_o forger_n of_o a_o charter_n be_v to_o lose_v the_o right_a hand_n and_o clarus_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o several_a other_o place_n a_o false_a nottar_n be_v only_o punish_v for_o the_o first_o crime_n by_o loss_n of_o his_o hand_n but_o all_o this_o be_v innovat_fw-la with_o we_o by_o the_o 6._o parl._n 80._o act_n ja._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o those_o who_o make_v false_a instrument_n or_o cause_v they_o be_v make_v or_o use_v the_o same_o witting_o shall_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o same_o in_o their_o person_n and_o good_n with_o all_o rigour_n according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n but_o because_o that_o act_n punish_v only_o false_a notar_n and_o express_v only_o false_a instrument_n therefore_o by_o the_o 22._o act_n 5._o parl._n q._n m._n it_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o evident_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o all_o person_n but_o only_o to_o nottar_n both_o by_o the_o rubric_n and_o body_n of_o the_o act_n from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la argumentandum_fw-la à _fw-la pari_fw-la ultra_fw-la casum_fw-la à _fw-la lege_fw-la definilum_fw-la and_o that_o criminal_a law_n be_v to_o be_v most_o strict_o interpret_v for_o else_o the_o former_a law_n against_o instrument_n may_v well_o enough_o have_v be_v extend_v against_o other_o false_a writ_n which_o be_v ofttimes_o of_o great_a consequence_n than_o instrument_n be_v 2._o the_o reason_n why_o nottar_n be_v more_o severe_o punish_v than_o other_o be_v because_o they_o be_v more_o trust_v than_o other_o for_o of_o old_a they_o be_v churchman_n and_o hence_o spring_v that_o custom_n that_o they_o yet_o design_v themselves_o ego_fw-la a._n b._n notarius_fw-la pub_fw-la dioceseos_fw-la andreopolitanae_fw-la rossensis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o any_o paper_n subscribe_v by_o they_o be_v sufficient_a though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n 3._o the_o punishment_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prescription_n which_o be_v a_o error_n of_o the_o printer_n put_v for_o prescription_n banishment_n and_o dismember_n of_o hand_n or_o tongue_n but_o because_o it_o be_v receive_v among_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v falsehood_n in_o a_o nottar_n can_v be_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o person_n who_o be_v a_o forger_n fulgos_fw-la consil_n 123._o therefore_o by_o the_o act_n 22._o parl._n 23._o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o whosoever_o make_v or_o use_v a_o false_a writ_n or_o be_v accessary_n to_o the_o make_v thereof_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o committer_n of_o falsehood_n and_o that_o these_o and_o all_o forger_n of_o writ_n may_v be_v punish_v albeit_o they_o declare_v in_o judgement_n that_o they_o pass_v from_o or_o will_v not_o use_v the_o write_v quarrel_v from_o which_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o see_v the_o forger_n be_v only_o not_o allow_v by_o this_o act_n to_o pass_v from_o the_o writ_n after_o it_o be_v use_v and_o produce_v in_o judgement_n that_o before_o it_o be_v use_v in_o judgement_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o and_o as_o the_o use_n in_o judgement_n be_v a_o further_a prejudice_n and_o degree_n of_o impudence_n than_o a_o simple_a forgery_n which_o may_v be_v repent_v of_o so_o in_o all_o trial_n of_o falsehood_n and_o particular_o in_o barclay_n case_n the_o lord_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o inquire_v if_o the_o writ_n quarrel_v be_v produce_v in_o judgement_n or_o make_v use_n of_o before_o any_o court_n which_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n if_o simple_a forge_n have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v falsehood_n but_o although_o this_o may_v be_v allege_v for_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n yet_o dempster_n be_v condemn_v for_o counterfeit_v a_o subscription_n in_o a_o reversion_n though_o he_o never_o use_v the_o same_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o nor_o will_v abide_v thereby_o and_o a_o sentence_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n 20._o april_n 1620._o these_o who_o give_v a_o false_a testimonial_a to_o any_o man_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v use_v as_o another_o man_n testimonial_a or_o forge_v one_o to_o himself_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n act_n 10._o parl._n 20._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o act_n seem_v only_o to_o relate_v to_o the_o border_n and_o such_o fugitive_n as_o run_v in_o from_o scotland_n to_o england_n though_o england_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n punish_v theft_n with_o death_n and_o falsehood_n only_o by_o the_o pillary_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n yet_o our_o own_o law_n seem_v much_o more_o reasonable_a which_o punish_v falsehood_n with_o death_n since_o falsehood_n be_v a_o theft_n and_o a_o degree_n of_o that_o crime_n which_o deserve_v a_o much_o severe_a punishment_n then_o ordinary_a theft_n because_o i_o can_v secure_v my_o good_n against_o a_o thief_n but_o no_o man_n can_v against_o a_o forger_n and_o a_o thief_n can_v but_o at_o most_o steal_v our_o movable_n whereas_o a_o forger_n can_v by_o a_o false_a writ_n take_v away_o the_o property_n of_o our_o land_n and_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr l._n cornel._n de_fw-fr falsis_fw-la §_o ult_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la vel_fw-la quasi_fw-la falsi_fw-la deportatio_fw-la est_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la honorum_fw-la publicatio_fw-la &_o siservus_fw-la corum_fw-la quid_fw-la admisserit_fw-la ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la affici_fw-la jubetur_fw-la which_o be_v in_o terminis_fw-la renew_v in_o the_o basilick_n only_o in_o place_n of_o publicatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la honorum_fw-la the_o basilick_n have_v plenae_fw-la publicatio_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o theophil_n ommit_v absolute_o publicatio_fw-la honorum_fw-la and_o make_v it_o to_o be_v simple_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o capital_a the_o reason_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o capital_a punishment_n include_v necessary_o publication_n or_o escheat_n of_o good_n l._n 1._o &_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr bon._n dam._n and_o albeit_o the_o former_a punishment_n express_v l._n 1._o hold_v general_o in_o falsehood_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n otherwise_o punish_v because_o in_o effect_n they_o fall_v in_o to_o be_v branch_n of_o other_o crime_n thus_o the_o assume_v of_o false_a arm_n aut_fw-la qui_fw-la militiam_fw-la confinxit_fw-la concutiendi_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v capital_a in_o matheus_n judgement_n per_fw-la l._n 27._o h._n t._n because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o laese-majestie_n but_o i_o find_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o that_o case_n sed_fw-la pro_fw-la admissi_fw-la
to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
the_o offer_n have_v before_o their_o examination_n come_v to_o light_n ix_o the_o three_o kind_n of_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o falsify_v money_n falsum_fw-la nummartum_fw-la which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o crime_n that_o it_o be_v common_o except_v out_o of_o remission_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o crightoun_n remission_n march_v 15._o 1661._o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v 1._o by_o forge_v true_a money_n without_o authority_n 2._o by_o coin_v false_a money_n and_o impress_v copper_n lead_v or_o any_o base_a metal_n with_o the_o stamp_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o other_o currant_n money_n 2._o by_o mix_v and_o ally_v worset_n with_o noble_a metal_n in_o currant_n coin_n 4._o by_o vent_v and_o pass_v or_o out-putting_a as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o the_o adulterate_a money_n coin_a by_o other_o or_o entertain_v the_o forger_n or_o be_v art_n and_o part_v red_a or_o of_o the_o council_n with_o the_o coiner_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la probos_fw-la nummos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la in_o officina_fw-la publica_fw-la tenentur_fw-la lege_fw-la cornelia_n nummaria_fw-la l._n 12._o c._n de_fw-fr falsa_fw-la monet_fw-la qui_fw-la adulterinos_fw-la cudunt_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la veros_fw-la adulterant_fw-la radunt_fw-la fingunt_fw-la l._n qui_fw-la cunque_fw-la &_o l._n seque_fw-la ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n qui_fw-la nammos_fw-la probos_fw-la lavant_fw-la constant_a aut_fw-la vultu_fw-la principum_fw-la signatos_fw-la reprobant_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-fr vet_n numis_fw-la pot_n by_o our_o law_n every_o burgh_n shall_v have_v a_o clipping-house_n which_o be_v a_o house_n for_o try_v money_n for_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o clip_v and_o swear_v man_n who_o shall_v clip_v evil_a money_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o penny_n for_o ilk_fw-mi pound_n that_o be_v clip_v and_o the_o haver_n be_v to_o tine_n the_o false-money_n i._o 6._o p._n 1._o c._n 19_o and_o the_o clip_a money_n if_o it_o be_v evil_a stuff_n or_o false_a coin_n shall_v be_v return_v to_o the_o owner_n i._o 4._o p._n 4._o act_n 4._o they_o who_o falsify_v money_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n iron_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v id_fw-la est_fw-la punish_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n act_n 124._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o by_o which_o act_n though_o it_o be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n yet_o we_o have_v no_o law_n de_fw-fr falso_fw-la nummario_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o this_o except_o act_n 40._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o punish_v only_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o black_a money_n with_o death_n by_o the_o act_n 70._o p._n 9_o q._n m._n the_o home-bringer_n of_o false_a coin_v or_o lay-money_n shall_v be_v dilate_v and_o the_o dilater_n be_v to_o have_v the_o half_a of_o all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a for_o his_o reveal_n and_o it_o seem_v by_o that_o act_n that_o it_o be_v make_v treason_n for_o confiscation_n of_o land_n or_o movable_a good_n be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o i_o find_v no_o other_o act_n that_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o drummond_n conviction_n as_o a_o traitor_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr practica_fw-la this_o crime_n have_v be_v diverse_o punish_v reid_n be_v hang_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n with_o the_o king_n iron_n july_n 13._o 1602._o drummond_n burn_v for_o forge_v false_a money_n novemb_n 27._o 1601._o and_o his_o brother_n patrick_n drummond_n burn_v also_o for_o art_n and_o part_n red_a counsel_n and_o conceal_v the_o treasonable_a forge_n coin_v and_o out-putting_a for_o vent_v be_v still_o a_o crime_n and_o be_v design_v out-putting_a in_o our_o style_n of_o false_a money_n meinzy_n also_o be_v hang_v for_o art_n and_o part_n as_o say_v be_v june_n 30._o 1603._o thomson_n be_v hang_v and_o forefault_n for_o bring_v home_o and_o out-putting_a false_a money_n january_n 19_o 1603._o x._o the_o four_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v false_a weight_n and_o measure_n adulterinae_fw-la staterae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la l._n corneliam_n l._n annonam_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n &_o falsae_fw-la measurae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v per_fw-la relegationem_fw-la ibid._n with_o we_o the_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n of_o old_a be_v punish_v by_o a_o fine_a leg_n burg._n cap._n 52._o and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a thereto_o for_o the_o first_o three_o fault_n but_o the_o forth_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v only_o punishable_a by_o the_o justice_n because_o the_o committer_n life_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v cap._n 74._o ibid._n but_o now_o such_o as_o use_v false_a measure_n or_o weight_n deceive_v the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v indict_v as_o falsar_n act_n 47._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o by_o which_o act_n haver_n can_v be_v punish_v except_o they_o use_v since_o the_o act_n ordain_v user_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o mention_n only_o such_o as_o deceive_v the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o do_v without_o use_v and_o by_o the_o 2._o act_n parl._n 19_o ja._n 6._o the_o user_n of_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n be_v to_o tine_n their_o hail_n good_n and_o geir_n which_o punishment_n derogat_n not_o from_o the_o former_a act_n inflict_v the_o punishment_n of_o falsit_fw-la as_o have_v be_v debate_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o deforcement_n de_fw-fr practica_fw-la i_o find_v that_o brown_n be_v fyne_v for_o false_a measure_n by_o the_o council_n warrant_v in_o 100_o mark_n pen._n july_n 1629._o and_o that_o porteus_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o use_v be_v not_o prove_v since_o have_v of_o false_a weight_n in_o the_o shop_n presume_v use_v except_o this_o presumption_n be_v take_v off_o as_o by_o allege_v that_o the_o weight_n be_v present_o buy_v or_o borrow_v or_o lay_v aside_o as_o light_v may_n 1671._o by_o the_o foresay_a last_o act_n the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o regality_n and_o stewart_n be_v declare_v judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n but_o their_o commission_n there_o be_v only_o tempory_o for_o a_o year_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o these_o be_v not_o otherways_o judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n else_o this_o commission_n have_v be_v unnecessary_a the_o use_v also_o a_o long_a ell_n or_o yard_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o here_o the_o merchant_n himself_o be_v only_o prejudge_v for_o he_o may_v receive_v as_o well_o as_o give_v out_o by_o it_o nor_o do_v the_o law_n presume_v that_o a_o man_n will_v keep_v any_o measure_n to_o his_o own_o disadvantage_n i_o find_v also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n in_o elgin_n pursue_v before_o the_o justice_n july_n ult_n 1672._o for_o false_a weight_n in_o swaâ—_n far_o as_o he_o go_v to_o a_o mercat_n drag_v his_o tobacco_n after_o the_o boat_n in_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o make_v it_o weigh_v more_o than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o so_o the_o people_n be_v cheat_v but_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v and_o though_o the_o defender_n allege_v that_o this_o be_v do_v for_o keep_v the_o tobacco_n from_o dry_v too_o much_o and_o moulder_v into_o piece_n yet_o the_o magistrate_n of_o elgin_n have_v fyned_fw-we he_o former_o for_o the_o same_o fault_n in_o 20._o pound_n scot_n even_o for_o the_o ill_a example_n paena_fw-la falsi_fw-la arbitraria_fw-la tenetur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o sua_fw-la mercatura_fw-la addit_fw-la inutile_fw-la ut_fw-la pulverem_fw-la arenam_fw-la etc._n etc._n aut_fw-la species_n aridas_fw-la detinet_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la humido_fw-la carp_n pag._n 375._o xi_o falshood_n be_v also_o commit_v by_o assume_v a_o false_a name_n vid._n stellionatum_fw-la and_o by_o present_v one_o person_n for_o another_o at_o the_o subscribe_v of_o paper_n suppositio_fw-la salsae_fw-la personae_fw-la which_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la partum_fw-la svi_fw-la positum_fw-la by_o the_o civil_a law_n i_o find_v one_o david_n donaldson_n hang_v for_o this_o imposture_n have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o false_a person_n who_o design_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o shall_v by_o the_o agreement_n have_v subscribe_v the_o assignation_n decemb._n 12._o 1611._o the_o suppose_v a_o false_a birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o lay_n in_o one_o child_n for_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o false_a deed_n with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n since_o thereby_o man_n be_v cheat_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n l._n ad_fw-la corn._n the_o fall_v the_o word_n whereof_o be_v periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la subeat_fw-la be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o death_n boer_n decis_fw-la 82._o and_o the_o midwife_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o a_o false_a child_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n pegner_n decis_fw-la 80._o but_o i_o find_v that_o farin_n relate_v that_o periculum_fw-la capitis_fw-la be_v in_o this_o case_n extend_v no_o further_o than_o scourge_v but_o yet_o since_o this_o be_v a_o great_a cheat_n and_o do_v steal_v away_o a_o estate_n from_o the_o righteous_a heir_n and_o adulterats_n the_o offspring_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v panish_v as_o severe_o
the_o realm_n during_o his_o life-time_n 1._o novem._n 1597._o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o crime_n concern_v only_o his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v because_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n nor_o none_o to_o represent_v he_o do_v not_o concur_v nor_o be_v the_o libel_n raise_v at_o his_o instance_n 20._o july_n 1596._o mr._n james_n leask_n against_o andrew_n red._n title_n xxxiii_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n 1._o how_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n our_o law_n have_v be_v so_o charitable_a as_o to_o provide_v for_o beggar_n by_o special_a statute_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 25._o ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 42._o ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o parl._n cap._n 70._o ja._n 5._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 21._o but_o sturdy_a beggar_n our_o law_n call_v they_o egyptian_n ofttimes_o as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o bohemian_n and_o vagabond_n shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n and_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o find_v none_o they_o shall_v be_v denounce_v fugitive_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 97._o and_o may_v be_v send_v to_o public_a work-house_n or_o put_v in_o the_o stock_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 124.144_o and_o 147._o item_n ja._n 6._o par._n 15._o cap._n 268._o and_o if_o they_o be_v recept_n after_o they_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n their_o receptor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o prejudice_n sustain_v and_o the_o party_n damnify_v will_v have_v action_n against_o the_o magistrate_n within_o who_o bound_n or_o jurisdiction_n these_o vagabound_v be_v recept_n witting_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 97._o but_o this_o act_n determine_v not_o whether_o this_o witting_o relate_v to_o the_o receptor_n or_o magistrate_n yet_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o adverb_n scienter_fw-la be_v still_o applicable_a to_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o penal_a statute_n run_v so_o that_o except_o the_o magistrate_n know_v that_o the_o vagabond_n be_v harbour_v within_o his_o bound_n it_o be_v severe_a to_o sustain_v action_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n against_o he_o though_o the_o receptor_n know_v the_o vagabond_n and_o do_v witting_o recept_n he_o but_o i_o think_v that_o if_o the_o magistrate_n do_v either_o omit_v his_o duty_n he_o will_v be_v liable_a nam_fw-la scire_fw-la &_o scire_fw-la debere_fw-la aequiparantar_fw-la or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_o ignorant_a i_o find_v that_o a._n b._n being_z pursue_v criminal_o for_o general_n recept_v vagabond_n this_o action_n be_v not_o sustain_v but_o he_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o kirk_n session_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v do_v because_o of_o the_o 147._o act_n parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o whereby_o minister_n elder_n and_o deacon_n may_v nominâ—t_v any_o two_o of_o their_o number_n to_o inquire_v into_o this_o crime_n and_o who_o his_o majesty_n make_v and_o constitute_v justice_n as_o to_o that_o effect_n it_o appear_v by_o a_o proclamation_n emit_v by_o the_o council_n in_o anno_fw-la 1603._o these_o egyptian_n be_v order_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 13._o act_n parl._n 20._o ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n moses_n shaw_n and_o other_o egyptian_n sorner_n and_o vagabond_n be_v hang_v the_o last_o of_o july_n 1611._o ii_o our_o law_n have_v in_o this_o follow_v exact_o the_o civil_a for_o there_o be_v a_o title_n in_o the_o codex_fw-la de_fw-la mendicantibus_fw-la validis_fw-la our_o sturdy_a beggar_n and_o the_o novel_a 80._o this_o crime_n be_v also_o call_v by_o the_o athenian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sive_fw-la otii_fw-la ignavi_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la vide_fw-la heigium_fw-la l._n 2._o quest_n 27._o title_n xxxiv_o robery_n oppression_n vis_fw-la publica_fw-la &_o privata_fw-la 1._o the_o several_a epithet_n give_v to_o robbery_n and_o how_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o crime_n 2._o common_a theft_n and_o stouthrief_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n 3._o several_a decision_n as_o to_o this_o crime_n 4._o how_o the_o assist_v of_o robber_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 5._o in_o what_o case_n be_v it_o lawful_a to_o join_v against_o robber_n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o oppression_n by_o our_o law_n 7._o in_o what_o case_n the_o civil_a right_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o the_o violence_n can_v be_v criminal_o punish_v 8._o how_o oppression_n be_v term_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o how_o it_o be_v thereby_o punish_v 9_o what_o concussion_n be_v and_o how_o punish_v 10._o black_a mail_n how_o punish_v man_n may_v by_o diligence_n and_o circumspection_n defend_v themselves_o against_o theft_n and_o these_o who_o steal_v clandestine_o show_v a_o reverence_n even_o to_o that_o law_n which_o they_o transgress_v but_o robbery_n and_o oppression_n be_v crime_n against_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fence_n and_o in_o which_o these_o who_o violat_a the_o law_n contemn_v the_o legislator_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o these_o man_n do_v associate_v themselves_o under_o government_n and_o renounce_v their_o native_a liberty_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o law_n nor_o can_v law_n justify_v the_o severity_n of_o its_o punishment_n and_o the_o great_a exaction_n it_o require_v but_o by_o return_v to_o these_o it_o command_v a_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a security_n against_o all_o rapine_n and_o violence_n i._o when_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o violence_n it_o be_v call_v robbery_n from_o the_o german_a word_n raube_n and_o be_v with_o we_o call_v stouthrieff_n stouth_n signify_v theft_n and_o rieff_n signify_v violence_n in_o which_o crime_n our_o person_n be_v endanger_v as_o well_o as_o our_o estate_n and_o so_o be_v ordinary_o punish_v by_o death_n even_o in_o these_o country_n where_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o pecunial_a mulct_n or_o whip_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n among_o the_o jew_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o david_n answer_n to_o nathan_n parable_n though_o theft_n be_v only_o punish_v by_o restitution_n and_o though_o calistratus_n l._n 28._o §_o grassatores_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la seem_v to_o make_v such_o only_a punishable_a if_o they_o robb_n frequent_o and_o in_o high_a way_n and_o with_o arm_n grassatores_fw-la qui_fw-la praedae_fw-la causa_fw-la id_fw-la faciunt_fw-la proximi_fw-la latronibus_fw-la habentur_fw-la &_o si_fw-la cum_fw-la ferro_fw-la aggredi_fw-la &_o spoliare_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la capite_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la utique_fw-la si_fw-la saepius_fw-la atque_fw-la in_o itineribus_fw-la hoc_fw-la admiserunt_fw-la caeteri_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la dantur_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o insulas_fw-la relegantur_fw-la yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n robbery_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n though_o it_o be_v not_o reiterated_a and_o i_o think_v that_o law_n must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o such_o as_o design_v to_o robb_n qui_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la who_o be_v punishable_a though_o they_o actual_o rob_v nothing_o and_o have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v but_o to_o plunder_v predae_fw-la causae_fw-la if_o they_o go_v out_o frequent_o and_o to_o high_a way_n with_o that_o design_n for_o if_o they_o actual_o rob_v or_o have_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v though_o they_o kill_v not_o yet_o they_o be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o all_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ii_o the_o quality_n of_o frequent_a and_o common_a commit_v theft_n and_o robbery_n be_v not_o only_o a_o quality_n that_o raise_v the_o crime_n of_o theft_n alone_o from_o be_v punishable_a by_o restitution_n to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o other_o nation_n but_o by_o the_o 51._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o land_v man_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o pain_n of_o treason_n upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o word_n common_a be_v a_o quality_n and_o adjunct_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o recept_n of_o theft_n and_o stouthreif_a as_o well_o as_o theft_n since_o the_o act_n say_v but_o only_o common_a theft_n not_o common_a recept_n of_o theft_n nor_o common_a stouthreif_n and_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o see_v it_o be_v that_o quality_n which_o render_v they_o treason_n for_o simple_a recept_n will_v not_o have_v be_v declare_v treasonable_a of_o itself_o and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n 28._o the_o reiterate_v this_o crime_n aggrage_v it_o from_o banishment_n to_o death_n and_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v man_n cease_v not_o to_o repeat_v such_o word_n likeas_n it_o be_v just_a that_o as_o the_o crime_n be_v in_o landless_a man_n punishable_a only_o by_o restitution_n or_o death_n if_o repeat_v so_o in_o land_a man_n the_o punishment_n shall_v grow_v proportional_o and_o infer_v death_n or_o treason_n if_o common_o commit_v to_o which_o
oppression_n to_o exact_v more_o fraught_v from_o passenger_n or_o great_a price_n for_o weaver_n and_o handiwork_n than_o what_o be_v allow_v and_o usual_a act_n 21_o and_o 23._o parl._n 5._o q._n m._n it_o be_v oppression_n to_o stop_v or_o make_v impediment_n of_o common_a high_a way_n to_z or_o from_o burgh_n act_n 54._o parl._n 6._o q_o m._n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o officer_n to_o extort_v the_o liege_n act_n 33._o p._n 5._o i._o 3._o &_o act_n 83._o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o or_o to_o put_v out_o or_o put_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o assizour_n give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o i._o 6._o in_o which_o last_o act_n common_a oppressor_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n oppression_n be_v also_o punishable_a by_o death_n act._n 42._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 4._o act_n 88_o parl._n 11._o ja._n 6._o vii_o because_o ofttimes_o in_o their_o case_n the_o panel_n pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v take_v by_o force_n be_v his_o own_o or_o that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a thereto_o therefore_o except_o the_o violence_n be_v very_o great_a the_o justice_n use_n to_o ordain_v the_o matter_n of_o right_a to_o be_v first_o discuss_v before_o the_o civil_a judge_n as_o be_v find_v in_o novemb_n 1675_o in_o the_o case_n of_o inglis_n of_o east-sheilds_a and_o in_o many_o other_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 33._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o as_o for_o depredation_n masterful_a reiff_n and_o spoilzy_n particular_a diet_n shall_v be_v set_v therefore_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o civil_o discuss_v before_o they_o upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v ofttimes_o allege_a before_o the_o justice_n that_o the_o cause_n must_v be_v civil_o discuss_v before_o the_o session_n in_o all_o masterful_a reiff_n before_o they_o can_v proceed_v to_o cognosc_fw-la thereupon_o but_o notwithstanding_o of_o this_o the_o justice_n do_v constant_o sustain_v criminal_a process_n for_o reiff_n and_o robbery_n without_o any_o previous_a civil_a precognition_n and_o they_o find_v this_o act_n to_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o monimusk_n 27._o of_o november_n 1611._o and_o i_o think_v that_o by_o lord_n in_o that_o act_n be_v not_o mean_v the_o lord_n of_o sâ—ssion_n for_o that_o act_n be_v two_o year_n prior_n to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o session_n but_o that_o by_o lord_n there_o be_v mean_v the_o justice_n themselves_o for_o there_o be_v no_o session_n at_o that_o time_n the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o many_o civil_a case_n original_o such_o as_o perambulation_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o all_o civil_a case_n if_o they_o have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o or_o dependence_n upon_o criminal_a case_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o person_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v commit_v masterful_a reiff_n or_o spuilzy_n can_v pretend_v that_o what_o he_o do_v be_v in_o prosecution_n of_o his_o own_o right_n the_o justice_n have_v a_o latitude_n to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o right_n first_o civil_o but_o this_o be_v never_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v by_o the_o act_n leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n it_o remain_v then_o to_o be_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o take_n away_o by_o violence_n what_o be_v real_o a_o man_n own_o can_v infer_v a_o guilt_n against_o he_o which_o difficulty_n may_v be_v clear_v in_o these_o few_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o thing_n violent_o possess_v though_o by_o a_o common_a spuilzie_n and_o much_o more_o by_o a_o masterful_a reiff_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v nam_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la omne_fw-la restituendus_fw-la and_o that_o though_o he_o who_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o can_v instant_o prove_v his_o right_n and_o since_o this_o hold_v where_o the_o violence_n be_v only_o commit_v by_o a_o simple_a riot_n it_o shall_v by_o a_o strong_a consequence_n hold_v where_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o by_o such_o violent_a mean_n as_o amount_v to_o a_o crime_n and_o so_o this_o shall_v be_v no_o good_a defence_n either_o against_o a_o criminal_a or_o civil_a pursuit_n 2._o not_o only_o aught_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v restore_v but_o even_o the_o true_a proprietar_n who_o intromet_v with_o his_o own_o by_o open_a force_n &_o violence_n be_v punishable_a for_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_n to_o himself_o but_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v use_v violence_n &_o force_v upon_o any_o account_n and_o this_o be_v to_o invade_v or_o assume_v jurisdiction_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n the_o three_o conclusion_n be_v that_o if_o any_o man_n do_v by_o force_n or_o violence_n extort_v from_o another_o a_o writ_n or_o obligation_n which_o he_o can_v have_v obliedge_v he_o in_o law_n to_o grant_v that_o force_n be_v not_o only_o punishable_a criminally_n but_o the_o deed_n so_o extort_a be_v reducable_a by_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n as_o be_v find_v in_o january_n 1675._o though_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o that_o such_o force_n may_v be_v criminal_o punish_v yet_o the_o deed_n so_o grant_v can_v not_o be_v reduce_v since_o such_o deed_n be_v only_o reduceable_a where_o something_o may_v be_v restore_v but_o here_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v since_o the_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v extort_a by_o force_n depend_v upon_o a_o former_a minute_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o grant_a can_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o have_v grant_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o a_o creditor_n shall_v compel_v his_o debtor_n by_o force_n to_o pay_v he_o what_o be_v his_o own_o in_o which_o though_o the_o force_n be_v punishable_a yet_o the_o debtor_n can_v not_o repeat_v what_o he_o have_v just_o pay_v as_o be_v clear_a not_o only_o by_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n but_o l._n 12._o ff_n quoth_v meet_v cause_n julianus_n ait_fw-fr eum_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o adhibuit_fw-la ut_fw-la debitori_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la solverit_fw-la hoc_fw-la edicto_fw-la non_fw-la teneri_fw-la propter_fw-la naturam_fw-la actionis_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la quae_fw-la damnum_fw-la exegit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la negari_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la in_o juliam_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la incidisse_fw-la &_o jus_o crediti_fw-la amiss_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o a_o great_a usurpation_n against_o authority_n then_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o force_v the_o executioner_n and_o the_o law_n just_o presume_v that_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a right_n who_o will_v not_o pursue_v iâ—_n in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v every_o man_n will_v discuss_v his_o own_o suspension_n himself_o by_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pass_v from_o it_o and_o will_v force_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o debtor_n to_o give_v he_o bond_n or_o his_o debtor_n himself_o to_o fulfil_v all_o minute_n without_o any_o regal_a pursuit_n every_o master_n will_v thus_o thrust_v out_o his_o tenant_n and_o every_o creditor_n force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v by_o carry_v he_o away_o prisoner_n and_o when_o he_o be_v that_o length_n he_o will_v allege_v that_o nihil_fw-la illi_fw-la deest_fw-la and_o as_o to_o the_o former_a law_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o detestation_n of_o force_n and_o violence_n do_v allow_v three_o several_a remedy_n to_o the_o person_n violent_v viz._n edictum_fw-la praetor_n be_v quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n lex_fw-la julia_fw-la which_o punish_v the_o force_n as_o a_o crime_n &_o decretum_fw-la divi_z marci_n all_o which_o three_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o that_o title_n and_o though_o by_o the_o old_a edict_n and_o the_o lex_fw-la julia_fw-la he_o who_o force_v his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v what_o be_v just_o due_a can_v not_o be_v by_o these_o remedy_n restore_v quia_fw-la nihil_fw-la decrat_fw-mi vim_o passo_n as_o the_o law_n former_o cite_v do_v prove_v yet_o ex_fw-la decreto_fw-la divi_z marci_n which_o be_v posterior_n to_o these_o remedy_n as_o marcus_n antoninus_n be_v long_a posterior_n to_o julius_n caesar_n even_o he_o who_o take_v payment_n of_o his_o own_o can_v not_o defend_v himself_o by_o allege_v upon_o his_o right_n which_o excellent_a law_n be_v set_v down_o l._n 13._o ff_n quod_fw-la motus_fw-la causa_fw-la quisquis_fw-la igitur_fw-la probatus_fw-la mihi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rem_fw-la ullam_fw-la debitoris_fw-la vel_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la debitam_fw-la non_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la sibi_fw-la sponte_fw-la datam_fw-la sine_fw-la ullo_fw-la judice_fw-la tempore_fw-la possidere_fw-la vel_fw-la accipisse_n isque_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_o in_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la dixisse_fw-la jus_o crediti_fw-la non_fw-la habebit_fw-la and_o faber_n upon_o that_o law_n do_v excellent_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v a_o just_a supplement_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o cujacius_n allow_v this_o remedy_n not_o only_o to_o
make_v thereanent_a and_o if_o he_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n initimation_n be_v always_o make_v by_o you_o to_o we_o of_o the_o find_v thereof_o that_o you_o summon_v a_o assize_n hereto_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o 45._o person_n together_o with_o sick_a witness_n as_o best_o know_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o premise_n who_o name_n you_o shall_v receive_v in_o the_o roll_n subscribe_v by_o the_o complainer_n or_o either_o of_o they_o ilk_fw-mi person_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o a_o 100_o mark_n as_o you_o will_v answer_v to_o we_o exit_fw-la deliberatione_n the_o form_n of_o a_o indictment_n be_v thus_o a_o indictment_n for_o sameikle_a as_o the_o abominable_a vile_a and_o filthy_a vice_n of_o incest_n be_v so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o be_v the_o same_o eternal_a god_n his_o express_a word_n so_o clear_o condemn_v therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n out_o of_o his_o godly_a disposition_n and_o zeal_n by_o diverse_a his_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_o statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n commit_v the_o say_v abominable_a crime_n of_o incest_n shall_v be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o the_o say_n act_n of_o parliament_n in_o themselves_o proport_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v of_o verity_n that_o the_o say_v a.b._n be_v marry_v with_o his_o lawful_a spouse_n daughter_n to_o c._n most_o shameful_o but_o fear_v of_o god_n or_o respect_n to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n law_n have_v give_v the_o use_n of_o his_o body_n to_o d._n his_o wife_n â—ister_n in_o the_o month_n of_o 〈…〉_z in_o he_o and_o her_o journey_v betwixt_o the_o burgh_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o the_o town_n of_o elgin_n and_o within_o the_o say_a town_n of_o elgin_n in_o the_o which_o filthy_a and_o incestuous_a copulation_n she_o have_v procreate_v a_o bairn_n commit_v therethrough_a the_o say_v filthy_a crime_n of_o incest_n and_o adultery_n to_o the_o high_a offence_n and_o displeasure_n of_o almighty_n god_n violation_n of_o the_o king_n majesti_n law_n and_o evil_a example_n of_o other_o to_o run_v in_o the_o like_o filthy_a and_o abominable_a vice_n if_o the_o famine_n be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v unpunished_a as_o at_o length_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o say_a dittay_n produce_v against_o he_o etc._n etc._n v._o the_o summons_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o a_o messenger_n at_o arm_n or_o by_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o 125._o act_n parl._n 12._o k._n ja._n 6._o that_o letter_n and_o summons_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v only_o by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n or_o by_o macer_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o macer_n of_o the_o criminal_a court_n for_o the_o macer_n of_o the_o council_n or_o exchequer_n or_o session_n can_v execute_v any_o other_o summons_n but_o what_o be_v pursue_v before_o these_o respective_a court_n to_o which_o they_o be_v macer_n the_o form_n of_o the_o execution_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o full_a copy_n of_o the_o letter_n deliver_v to_o the_o defender_n if_o he_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v or_o if_o he_o can_v be_v personal_o apprehend_v to_o his_o wife_n or_o servant_n or_o affix_v upon_o the_o gate_n of_o his_o dwell_a house_n if_o he_o any_o have_v and_o proclamation_n at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o a_o copy_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n but_o if_o there_o be_v more_o person_n than_o two_o and_o all_o be_v call_v for_o one_o deed_n and_o crime_n in_o that_o case_n two_o of_o the_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o two_o of_o the_o principal_n name_v in_o the_o say_a letter_n or_o their_o wife_n etc._n etc._n in_o manner_n foresay_a be_v sufficient_a q_o m._n 6._o p._n cap_n 33._o but_o if_o the_o person_n live_v in_o shire_n or_o country_n ubi_fw-la non_fw-la patet_fw-la tutus_fw-la accessus_fw-la the_o bill_n whereupon_o the_o letter_n pass_v use_v to_o contain_v a_o privilege_n for_o cite_v they_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o letter_n bear_v their_o word_n and_o failze_v thereof_o by_o open_a procamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_v of_o our_o burgh_n of_o etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v break_v man_n have_v no_o certain_a dwell_n and_o haunt_v and_o frequent_v with_o other_o break_a man_n where_o our_o officer_n dare_v not_o resort_v for_o fear_v of_o their_o life_n with_o the_o whilk_fw-mi charge_n swa_o to_o be_v give_v we_o and_o the_o lord_n of_o our_o council_n by_o their_o present_n dispense_v and_o admit_v the_o famine_n to_o be_v as_o lawful_a and_o safficient_a as_o if_o ilk_fw-mi a_fw-mi of_o they_o be_v personal_o apprehend_v this_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v citatio_fw-la edictalis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o must_v be_v cite_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edinburgh_n peir_n and_o shoar_n of_o leith_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nota_fw-la though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n foresay_a bear_v not_o a_o full_a copy_n yet_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v give_v for_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v peremptor_n the_o summons_n be_v not_o give_v up_o to_o see_v as_o in_o other_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o defender_n shall_v have_v a_o full_a copy_n that_o he_o may_v come_v instruct_v how_o to_o defend_v and_o that_o he_o may_v timeous_o raise_v exculpation_n and_o if_o a_o full_a copy_n be_v not_o give_v the_o execution_n have_v be_v find_v null_n in_o totum_fw-la and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v they_o shall_v be_v null_a anno_fw-la 1665._o livingstoun_n contra_fw-la leith_n and_o though_o some_o think_v that_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o short_a copy_n be_v give_v the_o summons_n shall_v be_v only_o give_v up_o to_o a_o short_a day_n but_o the_o execution_n shall_v not_o be_v null_a yet_o i_o think_v that_o opinion_n be_v not_o find_v 1._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n appoint_v the_o execution_n to_o be_v null_a where_o a_o copy_n be_v not_o give_v 2._o the_o give_v up_o to_o see_v can_v be_v sufficient_a for_o if_o the_o party_n have_v get_v a_o full_a copy_n at_o home_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v he_o have_v raise_v exculpation_n and_o cite_v the_o witness_n therefore_o upon_o the_o place_n their_o execution_n shall_v be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o executer_n and_o stamp_v and_o seal_v before_o witness_n else_o they_o be_v null_a act_n 32._o parl._n 5._o i._o 3._o and_o letter_n shall_v not_o be_v direct_a general_o against_o complice_n but_o the_o particular_a crime_n of_o every_o defender_n shall_v be_v express_v ja._n 6._o parl._n 6._o cap._n 76._o and_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 85._o and_o by_o this_o last_o act_n all_o criminal_a letter_n which_o import_n tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o movable_a good_n when_o they_o be_v execute_v by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o mercat_n cross_n shall_v be_v execute_v betwixt_o eight_o hour_n of_o the_o morning_n and_o twelve_o hour_n at_o noon_n though_o former_o when_o a_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n his_o indictment_n may_v have_v be_v give_v he_o upon_o twenty_o four_o hour_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o robertson_n in_o july_n 1673._o that_o a_o panel_n in_o prison_n shall_v have_v fifteen_o day_n at_o least_o that_o he_o may_v within_o that_o time_n either_o raise_v a_o summons_n of_o exculpation_n or_o may_v take_v out_o diligence_n for_o prove_v his_o objection_n against_o witness_n or_o assize_n and_o that_o conform_v to_o the_o eleven_o article_n of_o the_o regulation_n concern_v the_o justice_n court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v then_o by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a warrant_n for_o that_o indulgence_n in_o that_o article_n and_o correctory_n law_n such_o as_o the_o regulation_n be_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o letter_n especial_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o murderer_n take_v with_o reid_v hand_n and_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v against_o such_o by_o our_o old_a law_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n which_o reply_n be_v repel_v in_o respect_n it_o be_v duply_v for_o the_o panel_n that_o though_o the_o law_n do_v not_o express_v the_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v indulge_v to_o such_o as_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v yet_o it_o have_v express_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o this_o indulgence_n be_v to_o be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o party_n may_v either_o exculpat_v himself_o or_o cast_v the_o witness_n or_o assizer_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o he_o the_o law_n can_v not_o but_o allow_v a_o time_n sufficient_a for_o do_v that_o diligence_n it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o
alledgeance_n propon_v be_v the_o panel_n 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o procurator_n and_o write_v produce_v for_o instruct_v thereof_o that_o the_o say_a matter_n shall_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o answer_v make_v thereto_o be_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n advocate_n and_o write_v produce_v be_v he_o for_o veryfy_v thereof_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o dittay_n relevant_a and_o do_v put_v the_o samen_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilk_n person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d be_v accuse_v of_o the_o dittay_n of_o the_o crime_n above-writen_a which_o be_v verrify_v be_v their_o own_o deposition_n and_o confession_n in_o judgement_n they_o remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v c._n reason_v and_o vote_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v and_o be_v ripe_o and_o at_o length_n advise_v therewith_o together_o with_o the_o deposition_n 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o write_v produce_v be_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n for_o the_o verification_n thereof_o enter_v again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o with_o one_o vot_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a d._n to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o the_o crime_n respective_a above-writen_a contain_v in_o their_o say_a dittay_n for_o the_o whilk_n cause_n the_o justice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n of_o court_n discern_v ordain_v and_o adjudge_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o castle-hill_n of_o edimburgh_n or_o mercat_n cross_n and_o there_o to_o be_v hang_v till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o hail_n movable_a good_n to_o be_v escheat_n to_o his_o majesti_n use_n or_o their_o head_n to_o be_v strike_v from_o their_o body_n and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edimburgh_n and_o there_o his_o tongue_n to_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o hot_a botkin_n and_o thereafter_o banish_v this_o realm_n not_o to_o be_v find_v thereintil_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n or_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o all_o their_o moveable-goods_a to_o be_v escheat_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n extract_v act_n of_o conviction_n the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n 〈◊〉_d enter_v upon_o panel_n dilate_a accuse_v and_o pursue_v be_v 〈◊〉_d be_v virtue_n of_o crime_n purchase_v be_v he_o against_o they_o of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v of_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o middle_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n commit_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o street_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o the_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilks-person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v after_o accusation_n of_o the_o a._n of_o the_o crime_n aforesaid_a remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v in_o chancellor_n reason_v and_o vot_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v above-specified_n and_o be_v advise_v re-entered_n again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o in_o voice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o middle_a finger_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n commit_v the_o time_n foresay_a whereupon_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d ask_v instrument_n extractum_fw-la etc._n etc._n doom_n for_o demembr_v the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n etc._n etc._n be_v enter_v on_o panel_n to_o hear_v doom_n pronunce_v against_o they_o as_o they_o that_o be_v convict_v be_v a_o assize_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justiciar_n hold_v within_o the_o tolbooth_n of_o edimburgh_n the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d instant_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o he_o demembration_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n decern_v and_o ordain_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o content_v and_o pay_v to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o mark_n in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o the_o demembration_n of_o he_o of_o the_o say_a finger_n and_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d upon_o condition_n that_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d shall_v deliver_v to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n for_o demembr_v he_o of_o his_o little_a finger_n who_o find_v 〈◊〉_d with_o themselves_o conjunct_o and_o several_o soverty_n and_o cautioner_n fore-payed_n of_o the_o say_v three_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o demember_v he_o of_o his_o middle_a finger_n he_o grant_v and_o and_o give_v a_o sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n as_o say_v be_v and_o all_o be_v discern_v all_o the_o say_n 〈◊〉_d their_o movable_a good_n and_o geir_n to_o be_v escheat_n and_o in-brought_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n use_v as_o be_v convict_v of_o the_o say_a crime_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n and_o ordain_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o a_o simple_a charge_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o poind_v to_o be_v direct_a hereupon_o dempster_n our_o countryman_n hist._n ecle_v pag._n 235._o relate_v this_o solemnity_n which_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n lapidem_fw-la tollit_fw-la magistratus_fw-la signatumque_fw-la quaerenti_fw-la tradit_fw-la ille_fw-la adversarium_fw-la &_o testes_fw-la citat_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la ambiguum_fw-la &_o majoris_fw-la momenti_fw-la ad_fw-la 12._o quos_fw-la clave_n appellant_n refertur_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la sine_fw-la scriptis_fw-la aut_fw-la impensis_fw-la light_n dirimi_fw-la sunt_fw-la solitae_fw-la ii_o by_o the_o former_a style_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o insert_v in_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n as_o it_o be_v in_o civil_a process_n with_o we_o but_o it_o contain_v ofttimes_o the_o whole_a summons_n which_o decreet_v for_o civil_a cause_n do_v not_o these_o criminal_a sentence_n likewise_o express_v still_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v the_o because_o of_o the_o decreet_a as_o we_o speak_v in_o civil_a cause_n and_o this_o the_o doctor_n confess_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o other_o kingdom_n inferitur_fw-la enim_fw-la causa_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la talis_fw-la accusatus_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la tali_fw-la malificio_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la constat_fw-la per_fw-la tefle_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la confessionem_fw-la quod_fw-la illud_fw-la maleficium_fw-la commisit_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la condemnatus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n clar._n 93._o num_fw-la 21._o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v write_v by_o the_o clerk_n who_o read_v to_o the_o dempster_n the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n and_o it_o be_v by_o he_o repeat_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n be_v call_v the_o doom_n because_o it_o be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o dempster_n who_o add_v after_o he_o have_v pronunce_v the_o punishment_n and_o this_o i_o give_v for_o doom_n and_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o italy_n the_o clerk_n read_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o judge_n add_v ita_fw-la absolvo_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la condemno_fw-la clar._n ibid._n iii_o albeit_o the_o sentence_n bear_v a_o punishment_n less_o than_o what_o the_o statute_n irrogat_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sentence_n be_v not_o by_o our_o law_n null_n but_o the_o fisk_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o conviction_n contain_v in_o the_o sentence_n â—ight_a to_o put_v in_o execution_n or_o to_o exact_v what_o the_o law_n appoint_v though_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o and_o thus_o john_n wauch_n in_o selkirk_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o that_o shire_n he_o be_v ordain_v to_o pay_v two_o thousand_o mark_n or_o to_o go_v to_o barbodoes_n in_o obedience_n to_o which_o decreet_a he_o pay_v the_o two_o thousand_o mark_n notwithstanding_o whereof_o the_o exchequer_n gift_v his_o liferent-escheat_n to_o mr._n andrew_n hedderweik_n who_o pursue_v a_o declarature_n in_o which_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o wauch_n be_v once_o find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n there_o be_v jus_o quesitum_fw-la regi_fw-la which_o the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o prejudge_v by_o any_o sentence_n no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v remit_v the_o punishment_n altogether_o for_o in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o do_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n in_o so_o far_o he_o remit_v it_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o theft_n be_v arbitrar_o punish_v by_o our_o custom_n sometime_o by_o death_n sometime_o by_o fyne_a according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n which_o be_v punishable_a and_o custom_n have_v in_o this_o prorogat_v the_o power_n of_o inferior_a judge_n 2._o if_o the_o sheriff_n have_v do_v wrong_a he_o
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o