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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30685	The four epistles of A.G. Busbequius concerning his embassy into Turkey being remarks upon the religion, customs, riches, strength and government of that people : as also a description of their chief cities, and places of trade and commerce : to which is added, his advice how to manage war against the Turks / done into English.; Legationis Turcicae epistolae quatuor. English	Busbecq, Ogier Ghislain de, 1522-1592.; Tate, Nahum, 1652-1715.	1694 (1694)	Wing B6219; ESTC R14352	216,533	438

Face of Mourning over the whole Army which was not like to cease in many Days that Solyman in Policy and in a seeming Compliance with the sentiments of his People depriv'd Rustan of his Office it was thought by his own consent and Banished him as a private Person to Constantinople substituting Achmat Bassa to the Grand-Vizier-ship in his room a Man of more Courage than Conduct Upon this alteration the publick Grief was somewhat abated and the Soldiers Rage pacified for the Commonalty was made to believe as you know the Vulgar are Credulous enough That Solyman at last had found out the Wickedness of Rustan and the Inchantments of his Wife and that now he repented tho' it were late first of his Cruelty to Mustapha and thereupon had banish'd Rustan from his presence and that he would not spare his Wife neither as soon as he return'd to Constantinople As for Rustan he pretended great sorrow and departed to Constantinople without seeming to have the least hope ever to be restor'd to his former Dignity But alas Roxolana was not content with the destruction of Mustapha as long as he had an only Son who was yet in his Minority alive for she did not think her own or her Childrens security to be sufficiently provided for as long as any of Mustapha's Race were alive but she wanted a fair pretence to accomplish her Design nor was it long before she found One. She represented to Solyman● that as often as his Grandchild Mustapha's Son went abroad at Prusa were he was brought up the Youth of that City were wont to flock about him to wi●h him all Happiness and particularly to pray That he might long survive his Father And whither said she can this tend but to prompt him to mount the Throne and revenge his Father's death and to be sure the Ianizaries will take his part added she and thus the death of Mustapha alone will add little Security to the publick Peace and Tranquillity Religion proceeded she is to be preferred before even the Lives of our own Children and seeing that of the Musselmans for so they call their Religion as counting it the best stands and falls with the Ottoman Family if that House fail farewel Religion also And how can that House stand if Domestick Discord undermine it And therefore Sir if you will prevent the ruin of your House your Empire and your Religion you must use all manner of means nay you must not stick at Parricide it self if homebred Disagreement and Feud may be thereby prevented for the Safety of Religion will over-ballance the Loss even of a Man 's own Children As for Mustapha's Son you have the less reason to spare him because his Father's Crime hath already infected him and there is no doubt but if he be suffered to live he will soon endeavour to Head a Party to revenge his Fathers death By these Reasons Solyman was induced to yield to the Murder of his Grandchild and thereupon sent Ebrahim Bassa to Prusa to destroy the Innocent Youth As soon as the Bassa came thither he made it his great Business to conceal his intended Design from the Child's Mother for he thought it would be look'd upon as an inhuman thing in him to cut off a Youth with the privity of his Mother and as it were before her Eyes And besides he was afraid the People would rise in Arms upon the perpetration of so cruel a Fact and therefore at first Fox-like he sets his Wits at work to deceive the Mother He pretended that he was sent by Solyman out of respect to her and her Son to visit them that his Master saw his Error in putting his Son to death which he now too late repented of but that the crueller he had been to the Father the more indulgent he would be to his Son and many such colloguing words he used whereby he imposed upon the too credulous Mother who was the rather induced to believe him because of Rustan's Disgrace and Fall and to crown his Flattery he presented them with many Gifts This past on for a day or two and then some Discourse was administred concerning their going abroad out of the City to enjoy the fresh Air. And the Bassa being an Eunuch persuaded her the next day to take a turn in the Suburbs she in her Coach and himself with her Son would ride afore on Horseback The Matter seemed not to afford any suspicion and therefore she consented and a Chariot is prepared for her but mark the Fraud the Axle-tree of the Coach was so made on purpose that it must needs break when it came to be jogged in any rough way Thus she in an unlucky time began her Journy out of the City The Eunuch and the Child rode a pretty way before as if they had occasion for some private Discourse and the Mother speeded after as fast as she was able but when the Coach came to the design'd craggy Place the Wheel violently hit against the Rocks and so the Axle-tree broke This the Mother looked upon as an unlucky Omen and therefore in a great Fright she could not long be restrain'd from leaving her Coach and with a few of her Maids from following her Son on foot But alas 't was too late for the Eunuch being come to the House design'd for the Slaughter without any more ado shew'd the Child the Emperor's Mandate for his death He answered according to the Principles of their Religion That he look'd upon that Command as proceeding not from the Emperor but from God which must necessarily be obey'd and so he yielded his Neck to the Row-string Thus dyed this innocent and hopeful Youth When the Eunuch had perpetrated this wicked Fact he stole out at a Back door and fled as fast as he could The Mother soon after beginning to smell out the Fraud knocks at the Door when they thought fit they open'd it and there she saw her Son sprawling on the Ground his Breath being yet hardly out of his Body Here let me draw a Vail for a Mothers Affection to a Son in such a lamentable juncture may be better conceived than expressed Upon this dismal sight she was hurried back to Prusa where she tore her Hair rent her Garments filled the whole Town with Howlings Moans and Plaints The Prusian Ladies with their Daughters and Waiting-maids came in Multitudes to her and were stark mad to hear of so great a Butchery and running in that raving manner out of the Gates all the Cry was Where 's the Eunuch Where 's the Eunuch Let 's have him to tear him to pieces But he foreseeing what would happen and fearing like another Orphe●s to be torn Peace-meal by those raging Furies had cunningly withdrawn himself and was out of Gunshot as we say But to return to my purpose As soon as I came to Constantinople Letters were sent to Solyman then at Amasia to acquaint him with my Arrival and till his Answer was return'd I had leisure

the Vessel say to the Potter Why hast thou made me thus I will harden Pharaoh 's Heart Jacob have I loved Esau have I hated and others of like Import The Turks that were not far from us admir'd at what we Contested so earnestly about and after we rose from the Table my Chiaux went to them they gathered themselves in a Ring about him and I saw them hearkning to the Discourse he made with great Attention and at last at Noon they were all silent and Worshipped God according to their Custom I thought long till my Chiaux returned to me again that I might know why he prated so amongst his Comrades I was afraid tho' he was a fair Condition'd man yet that he might Represent what I had spoken to him to my prejudice At last when the Wind ceased we went Aboard again and followed our Course The first thing that I did was to ask of my Chiaux What serious Discourse he held with his Country-men He smil'd and made me this Answer We were disputing about Predestination and I told them what you had alledg'd Con and Pro bywhich it was plain that you had read our Books and was well read in the Scriptures so that there was nothing wanting to your Happiness but to turn to our Religion which in the Prayers you saw us make we desired of God When News was brought to Constantinople that Bajazet was dispatched I was afraid that our Affairs which were in an hopeful way of Conclusion would now meet with a Rub at last the Misfortune of Bajazet might overturn all make the Turks more Insolent to undo what was done and to propose harder Conditions I had passed over some Difficulties as the Loss of Gerba and the Imprisonment of Bajazet and the Vaivoods expulsion out of Moldavia but there were two terrible ones at Bajazet's Death and he hired another that I 'll speak of by and by Haly sent one of his Domesticks to me to tell me that Bajazet was dead for certain that therefore I should not defer the Peace in hopes of his Success I should remember that Princes of the same Religion are more easily Reconcil'd than those of contrary ones are and therefore I should use no more Pergiversation nor seek Knots in a Bulrush as the Proverb is This Message troubled me much yet because I thought that the Relater might be partial I sent up and down the Town amongst my Friends to know what certainty they had of Bajazet's Death They all returned me answer That he was most certainly dispatch'd Whereupon I resolved to pluck in my Sails there was no hopes for me to obtain better Conditions it was well if I could maintain my Ground and stick to my former without any change The Emperor of the Turks had seen them and was not much averse from them some small Alterations were made something I wished I could have added other Things were dubiously expressed which a malign Interpretation might raise Scruples about I did my endeavour that these might be taken out or rendred and made more favourable on our side My Master Caesar had seen and approved those Conditions yet still I could not satisfie my self till something more favourable was added whilst I was doing this I was accosted with Haly's Message as aforesaid I met also with another grievous Rub some Noblemen of Hungary had Revolted from the Vaivoodans of Transilvania to the Emperor i. e to speak the truth had returned to that Duty and the Garrisons also which they commanded yielded to Cesar. This new Accident might have disturbed all for the Turks had a specious pretence to alledge That while Conditions of Peace were on foot once such Alteration ought to have been made if Peace were cordially desired all Things were to be return'd to their Pristine State but let Revolters speed as they pleased what they had possessed ought to be return'd to the Vayvode their Client and Vassal But Haly was so far from pressing this that one express Condition was that those Things should be ratified which he willingly assented to But the Ambassadors who came lately from the Vayvode were very much troubled at it they rub'd upon the gall'd place and filled the whole Court with their Clamours that their miserable Master was deserted the Law of Alliance broken and Enemies preferred before ancient Friends All the rest of the Bassa's were moved with their Complaints only Haly stood firm to me so that the Articles of the Peace were not altered at all For my part though I knew that the Terms would be allowed by my Master Cesar yet because there want not Sicophants in Prince's Courts who go about to obscure the best Services of their Ministers especially if Strangers I therefore thought it fit to leave all to the Pleasure of my Master I told Haly that though the proposed Condition did not fully answer the Expectation of my Master yet I hoped he would Acquiesce therein if an Agent of theirs were sent along with me to explain the Things that were obscure upon which any Controversie might arise and that Ebrahim seem'd to be the fittest Man for this purpose by whom Cesar might write back his full Mind concerning the whole Project this was easily assented to Thus an end was put to this long and tedious Business 'T is a Custom that when Ambassadors upon fair Terms depart from Constantinople the Bassa's do entertain them with a Feast in the Divan but I was willing to wave that Badge of esteem because I would have all left in suspence and referr'd to the good Will and Pleasure of my Master I had a mind before my departure to buy some gallant Horses and therefore order'd my Servants to go often to the Markets to see if they could find any such Haly being inform'd thereof had some of his own brave Horses to the Fair to be sold My Servants had their Eye presently on 'em and asking the Price they told them 120 Duckets they offered 80 not knowing whose they were which was refused to be taken A Day or two after the same Horse with two more near as good were sent me by Haly for a Present one was an Arabian ambling Nag exceeding well shap'd When I gave him Thanks for my noble Present he askt me Whether I did not think that Horse which my Servants offered 80 Duckets for was not more worth Much more said I only they had a Command from me not to exceed that Price till perhaps some sudden Defect might afterwards shew that I had bought Horses too dear He advis'd me also how to Manage their Turkish Horses as that I should give them but little Meat that I should make but short Journeys at first till they were us'd to the Roads and that I should make nine or ten Days Journey to Adrianople which us'd to be compassed in five He gave me also a choice Vest wrought with Gold and a Box full of Alexandrian Treacle the best in the World and a Glass full of

King Thus filial Piety and the Groans of his Father's Danger made him able to speak whom Nature had made Speechless till that very time The like Providence though on a different Occasion hath happened to me whom Love to my Country will not suffer me to be any longer mute no though I am but a rude and unskilful Orator and who never yet offered any thing to Publick Cry But the extream Hazard of my Country compels me now to roar and cry out not that I think that I can thereby daunt the Enemy from cutting our Throats For his Savageness is such that he will not be frightned hereby but that I may warn Christian Princes to take heed to themselves and that I may warn my Country-men that whilst Time lasts they would Aid one another and consult their Safety For O Heavens what mischievous Unhappiness is this and what a Womb of Miseries that barbarous Enemy the Turk having Conquered Nations almost without number by the Ruine and Destruction of so many Kings and Kingdoms hath opened his way to us also and points his Sword at the very Throat of our Country yet truly we are not concern'd nor stir not at all to Aid distressed Christendom If Fire break out in the City where we live every body leaves the Care of his private affairs and useth endeavours to quench it But we alas that would be accounted Lovers of our Country yet in this her Jeopardy we do shew our selves only Idle and Sluggish Spectators her beauteous Love which the Enemy will soon spoil our Worship and Religion which he will soon make us to abjure and the silent Supplication of our Wives and Children that we would not suffer them to be hauled into the basest of Slaveries do no way affect us The sloathfullest of all Animals when they find their Young to be in danger will not be restrained by any force but will run through Fire and Water to help them And shall we on the contrary though valiant Men betray our Posterity and expose them to the Injuries and Abuses of such cruel Enemies for want of our Assistance to Relieve them For pray tell me what other Hopes can you have what● Defence what Safeguards Can you place any Hope in the Goodness and Clemency of that Enemy who since he publickly shewed himself upon the Stage of the World hath caused Rivers of Humane Blood continually to flow Or can you put any Confidence in his Equity and Moderation Alas he values not Peace nor Leagues not a Straw no Common Laws of other Nations are a jot regarded by him no Modesty nor no Consideration of that which is Honest does keep him within his Bounds He will violate his Faith his Oath made to any man that is a Christian when it is for his own Advantage he thinks it so far from being a Sin that he counts it a pious and a sacred Thing Beside his profane Religion stirs him up against us the Emulation of his Ancestors and the desire of inlarging his Empire puts Arms into his Hands and that cursed and insatiable Thirst after all our Estates hurries him on upon us For we are quite beside the Cushion if we imagine that either our Conscience or our Forgetfulness of Injury received will contribute at all to our Security no the modester we are and the more observant of Peace and of Leagues and of that which is just and right we shew our selves to be by so much the more we shall provoke the Insolency of this Enemy aginst us for we owe not these things to our Valour or Goodness but to our Fear Sluggishness and despair of our own Affairs And the truth is we have no reason to put any Trust in our Enemy if we have none in our selves and in this case what remains but we do as Men that have received the Sentence of Death quietly to prepare our selves for our last Stroke with blinded Eyes to receive the Blow And if you should imagine that either his Force or his Fortune should fail him we may answer our selves by considering that from an obscure Original his Victories obtained both by Land and Sea and that in a very short space of Time have made him Famous all the World over The Fire began by him from such beginnings he hath almost consumed the greatest part of the World The Eastern People being wearied by him do dread his Arms as the Assyrians Barbarians and Americans the Edge of whose Sword even the Sythians themselves now also have often felt and the Ethiopians too in another part of the World who were formerly secured by the Heat of the Country I need say nothing of Europe for we have seen Belgrade taken Vienna Besieged and Preys driven even from the Gates of Lintz Such towards our Destruction hath Solyman alone been able to make besides his other Victories But alas 't is the Guise of our Christian Kings to continue Peace among themselves from Generation to Generation though it be but for a Spot of Land whereas every single Emperor of the Ottomans I speak it with as much Grief as Truth have heaped up KINGDOMS upon KINGDOMS by their Victorious Success So that as many Countries as those once flourishing Nations the Assyrians the Persians the Macedonians and the Romans so Comprehended within the Bounds of their Empires the Turks alone now seem to possess And will not all this make us to see our Danger What Sea is there what Mountains what Desarts What remnant of People between them and us from whom we can expect any Relief against their Injuries No all is lost and spoiled Alas their Swords are at our very Throats who should have struck a Terrour to us at a far greater distance so that now the very Blood of our Country and our own last Breath is like a Sanguinary Quinsie and we have not this crum of Comfort left us which is oftentimes found even in the greatest Calamities that we can have any solid ground of hope that these our Miseries be not long lived Other Barbarous Nations have oftentimes brought grievous Calamities on many Christian Provinces by sudden Tempest thus the Goths Vandals Huns and Tartars have over-run many Countries and brought great Havock upon them which Miseries seemed the more tolerable because there was hopes that they would not be perpetual And therefore after the Storm was over those Places which were Weather-beaten and almost destroy'd did again recover their former Splendor But this Enemy is so watchful and observes that strict Discipline and Course in preserving the Places that he hath gotten that when he Rules and Reigns and hath once set his Foot he suffers not himself to be removed from thence So that to speak by way of Allusion That Corn can never ripen again whom once his Horses heels hath trodden to the Ground So that it is hard to discern whether he be more happy in acquiring or more resolute in maintaining his Conquests Seeing then we are surrounded with so

these Men which are full of Valour Continence and Sobriety not at all tainted with the foul guilt of Avarice that so they may not only make this young Fry the growing hopes of our common Safety skillful at their Weapons but also by the Example and Integrity of their Lives may shew them the way to all Virtue that so this Army may be trusted with our common Safety when Opportunity shall be offer'd to fight an Enemy And if we have such Commanders as these there will be no fear of false Musters to cheat the common Treasury by which Abuse of ordinary Commanders we see by daily Experience that the King's Exchequer though never so full is hardly able to pay his Army any long time and in Battel they run a great risk when Generals being deceived by the relation of their Captains do believe that their Army consists of more Men effectually than it really doth But before I proceed an Opportunity is here offered to me to give an Answer to the Opinions of some good Men all whose knowledge being circumscribed within the Bounds of that Age and Country wherein they were born and having never travelled any farther do highly wonder at what I speak and do regret it as a meer unusual and ●npracticable thing for thus they argue Our Ancestors did many Famous Exploits in War with such kind of Soldiers and in the same way of Military Discipline which we use at this day I confess by way of Answer that they did so but it was when they coped with Enemies who were guilty of the same Vices and Defects as themselves As the Army was unexperienced hastily listed forreign weak and without Discipline on the one side it was so on the other and their Force amongst them equally guilty one was as good as the other sometimes a Battel was fought with no great loss on either side As if two maimed Men two blind Men or two lame Men should fight the Match is equal on both sides but if you set a Maimed Man to fight with a Sound a blind Man with one that sees a lusty Man with one that 's Lame you will quickly find a difference If we were to fight among our selves with our Neighbours and Country-men we might then commit such Errors for they being as bad as we there would be not great difference between us But now the case is alter'd for we have to do with the Turks a Vigilant Industrious Sober and Experienced Enemy used to Hardships very Skillful in and Observant of Military Discipline But what are they the better for that you will say I will tell you By this means they have overcome all the Countries from the very Borders of Persia even to the Walls of Vienna How our Arms are able to cope with his I wish that we were ignorant of and that our daily Overthrows were not too dear a Document to instruct us And do we as yet stand in doubt whether we should defend our Faults rather than amend them But you will farther say These are new and unusual things which you propose I answer The reason is because we have a new and strange Enemy whose Power and Skill is such that it requires a more than ordinary Diligence to cope with him The Diseases called the Sweat and French-Pox were heretofore strange and unknown and when Physicians with all their Art were not able to Conquer them by common and ordinary Remedies at last they were instructed by the Deaths of many Patients to seek for new Remedies against new Diseases and their Diligence herein was so Prosperous that both those Diseases which were unconquerable before did yield to their Remedies This Design of Physicians we ought to imitate in our Wars against the Turks it is in vain to use the ordinary Method of Fighting at this time of day we must rather take another course and apply new Remedies to new Mischiefs Though the Truth is this Method is not new but most Ancient by which the People of Rome to their great Praise did heretofore Conquer the whole World And it is so far from being unused in our Age that the Enemy of which we speak hath used no other means both to endanger our Safety and also in a manner to equal his Empire with the Roman I shall speak more largely of this hereafter when I have answered the Difficulty which these very Objectors have pre-conceived in their Minds For such is the guise of this Effeminate Age that if a thing be never so Excellent and Beneficial if it hath any thing of Difficulty in the Execution thereof is put by as if it never could be effected The Persons of whom I speak being tainted with this Imbecility of Mind having experienced that they could not prevail in an ordinary course of Arms and being deterred from trying my Method by the Difficulty thereof they fall at last to this Opinion That we can no way prevent our Destruction but by making Peace or a Truce with the Turks by any means whatsoever And this their Opinion they so much hug as if it were Iupiter's Altar or the Statue of the Emperor And therefore they think that we must turn every Stone either by Prayer or by Price or by any unworthy way whatsoever to make him our Friend But they do not consider that amongst all Difficulties this is the greatest and which we can least of all hope to overcome For can we imagine that such a Capital Enemy after that he hath marched over so many Countries and taken so much Pains to come to us when he sees himself almost Master of his Wish and having so great a subject of Praise such an Opportunity of Booty and such an Occasion of inlarging his Empire and Religion that he should suddenly stop as if he were Thunder-struck and proceed no farther But grant there were any hopes of Peace who is so mad as to fight with an Enemy so powerful if he can help it Or who is so blind as not to foresee that sure Peace is to be preferred before the doubtful Hazards of War But let me tell you that you quite mistake the case for neither Peace nor Truce is in our Power We have lost all hopes of Peace and therefore are compelled to a War there is no room for any Advice or Deliberation of our own for we are hurried on by a fatal Necessity as unwillingly as we are pushed on violently to a War which of necessity we must manage and go through Why do we fruitlesly draw back Why do we cast about for delays Why do we Chouse our selves with the vain Dreams of Pacifications We vainly fancy to our selves Safety in the midst of the Flame and by our Delay we nourish the Mischief which we might remedy if we were watchful and for want of foresight we render our Wound uncurable But you will say It is very good to keep off the Miseries of a War as long as one can I grant it unless the Delay