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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14721	Theologicall questions, dogmaticall observations, and evangelicall essays, vpon the Gospel of Jesus Christ, according to St. Matthew Wherein, about two thousand six hundred and fifty necessary, and profitable questions are discussed; and five hundred and eighty speciall points of doctrine noted; and five hundred and fifty errours confuted, or objections answered: together with divers arguments, whereby divers truths, and true tenents are confirmed. By Richard VVard, sometimes student in the famous vniversities of Cambridge in England: St. Andrews in Scotland: and Master of Arts of both the kingdoms; and now a preacher in the famous city of London.	Ward, Richard, 1601 or 2-1684.	1640 (1640)	STC 25024; ESTC S118017	1,792,298	907

is no solid or sincere Religion but onely a forme 2 Tim. 3.5 Or Answ 3 Thirdly because the Master of the family doth not teach and instruct his houshold many follow Religion in some sort themselves but doe neglect to instruct their families and to teach their wives children and servants their duties Or Answ 4 Fourthly because either the head or parts of the family doe follow some other respects besides Religion and conscience namely either covetousnesse or gaine or partiality or selfe-will or the like Quest 4 What are the remedies against these domesticall dissensions Answ 1 The best remedy in all these is to run unto God Mic. 7.7 as for example I. If our friends or kindred or those who are neerest in the bond of nature unto us be angry or at strife with us then let us goe unto God and labour that he may be our friend and we shall then be happy and have cause to rejoyce in the middest of these jars and distastes If we be injured and unjustly wronged by any who are neere unto us or whosoever and that we must suffer and endure those wrongs then let us respect the promises of God made unto such and rejoyce our selves in them Answ 2 Secondly some understand this verse of the dissensions which shall arise amongst the godly Quest 5 How many sorts and kinds of peace are there Answ Three namely First the peace of the wicked or that peace which wicked men have amongst themselves this our Saviour spake of verse 34. Secondly the peace of the godly amongst themselves this is both commanded Ioh. 14. and also promised The God of peace will give peace unto the righteous Esa 57. Thirdly the peace of the righteous with the wicked and this our Saviour speaks of in this place Here observe that it is understood two manner of wayes to wit either I. Indicatively onely Or else II. Imperatively also First this may be understood Indicatively onely shewing what shall come of preaching and thus it seemes to be understood by that which went before Whence we note That the preaching of the Gospel will beget jars and dissensions Observ amongst the neerest and deerest friends for some will beleeve and some will belye the Preachers and preaching of the Word some will practise it some will persecute it some will desire to injoy it some others envie it Like the two theeves whereof the one prayes unto Christ and the other reviles him Many more examples hereof may be seen in Scripture both in the Athenians Act. 17. and in the Scribes and Pharisees and Sadduces and others Acts 13.45 and 14.13 19. and 18.6 8. and 19.23 and 21.30 and 23.7 and Ioh. 6.52 and 7.40 c. and 9.16 and 10.19 c. Why doth the preaching of the Gospel breed Quest 6 this variance betweene fathers and children masters and servants friends and friends First because no man can serve two masters Answ 1 Matth. 6.24 The children of God and of the world or Belial cannot agree Secondly because Religion and the word Answ 2 withdrawes men from their pleasure profit and gaine and therefore doth exasperate them against their dearest friends Moses and Aaron if God had not preserved them had paid dearely for bringing the Israelites from the flesh-pots of Egypt Exo. 16.2 Saint Paul was in danger of death for dispossessing a Damosell because she brought much money to her Master so long as shee was possessed Act. 16.18 Afterwards for speaking against Dlana Demetrius by an uprore and insurrection had likely to have slaine him because Paul spake against his profit Act. 19.24 And thus when Preachers speake against mens lucre and darlings they are hated by those who otherwise love them Thirdly because the word is a hard saying to Answ 3 flesh and blood Iohn 6.60 Or because men cannot endure reproofe Lot was well liked by the Sodomites for any thing we know untill he reproved them but then they threaten him Gen. 19.9 So many when once the word reproves them will endure it no longer but spurne against the reproofes and set themselves against the reprovers Fourthly because naturally men cannot endure Answ 4 that others should bee thought to be better then themselves for those who endeavour not to bee good indeed doe yet desire to be thought to bee good Esay 65.5 And hate those whom the world thinkes better then themselves as we see in Cain who hated his brother Abell because he was better in Gods esteeme and more beautifull in his eye then himselfe was Gen. 3. Fiftly the preaching of the word begets dissension Answ 5 amongst deare friends because thereby one becomes more blessed then another God promiseth and performeth that hee will blesse those who obey his word but curse the disobedient And hence the blessed are hated of the other as Iacob was by his brother Esau Gen. 27.41 And therefore we may observe the perversenesse of our nature and impiety of our dispositions in this particular that those whom 1. Nature and 2. Civility and 3. Custome and 4. Acquaintance hath taught us to love yea whom 5. we have loved indeed wee now hate onely because they are religious Quest 8 Who hate others or become enemies unto others for religion only Answer Many yea in a manner all sorts of people as for example First wives are offended with their husbands and husbands with their wives because they are religious Iob 2.9 Secondly Children are angry against Parents because with the bridle of religion they seeke to restraine them of their unbridled wils Thirdly Parents are often angry with their Children because they are young Saints and too religious and Masters dislike servants because they are too pure and religiously bent Fourth servants stomack their masters because they observe such pious practises in their houses wil rather leave them then submit themselves to be taught and instructed and catechised by them yea utterly refuse to be examined at home what they learnt at Church And thus I might have gone through all rankes and qualities and degrees whatsoever Secondly this verse may be understood Imperatively also as appeares by that which followes To teach us Observ That the strongest bonds of nature are to bee broken and neglected for religion Deut. 33.9 and Psalme 73.25 c. David must leave his Countrey and Rebecca her kindred if God call and command it As justice is painted blind without never an eye so Religion makes men Vnoculos to have but one eye and therefore they only behold and love Colos 3.15 and serve the Lord contemning all other things though never so strong as for example First Propinquity familiarity and intimacy is a strong bond and yet Religion makes us forsake our most neare and deare and familiar friends if they labour to seduce us and lead us aside from God or if they be hinderances unto us in his service Secondly Nature is a strong coard yea what nearer bond can there bee then is that of the Child to the Father and

which is very likely hee would have done if hee had writ in Hebrew but into Greeke words as Emmanuel i. e. God with us Eli Eli lammasabachthani i. e. my God my God why hast thou forsaken me Golgotha i. e. the place of a skull Abba which is my Father c Pareus s I adde a sixt and last reason which is taken from these words d Math. 5.18 one jot or iota of the law shall not passe away c. Now Iota is the least letter the Greekes have and Iod the least of Hebrew letters and therefore it being sayd there not the least Iod but the least Iota seemes if not a convincing yet a probable argument that this Gospell was written in Greeke not in Hebrew These reasons considered I had rather thinke and conclude that this Gospell was written by Saint Matthew in Greeke and not at all in Hebrew Thus much may suffice to bee spoken concerning the Authour Saint Matthew Concerning the name of this second volume Quest 11 of holy writ it may be questioned why these Bookes are called by the name of a Testament Answer For the understanding and better resolving Answ 1 of this question it is requisite to know that this word Testament hath a divers signification viz. I. First it signifies a Covenant so with the Hebrewes Berith which signifies a Covenant derived from Barath which signifies to conclude or make a Covenant is taken for a Testament So also the Greekes for this word Testament have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or as Aquila hath it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies an Agreement or Covenant so the Latines they either call it Testamentum or Pactum a Testament or Covenant indifferently II. Secondly this word Testament signifies sometimes the will of the dead where a Testament is there must of necessitie be the death of the Testator e Heb. 9.16 Sometimes againe it signifies the covenant of the living and in this latter sence the Scripture is called a Testament because it is a Covenant of mercie and grace which God made with Adam Noah Abram Moses David and all his elect people III. Thirdly this word Testament doth ordinarily signifie a body of Bookes containing the Historie of those people who were received by God into Covenant that is principally the Bookes of the Law and of the Prophets IV. Fourthly Testament sometimes signifies the bare promises which God made unto Abraham and thus Saint Paul seemes to understand the word a Gal. 3.15.16 V. Fiftly and lastly most commonly this word Testament signifies the body of all Canonicall Bookes wherein is contained the Doctrine concerning Christ who was exhibited and given for a Redeemer of Mankinde b Aretius s I answer againe these Bookes are called by Answ 2 the name of a Testament for this cause I. First because they describe unto us a Covenant whereby we are reconciled unto God which is not a legall covenant of workes but an Evangelicall covenant of faith in Christ II. Secondly because in these bookes are truely expressed the last Will and Testament of the Sonne of God which hee would have us to performe after his death and which is plainly expressed totidem verbis in the institution of the Lords Supper Eate and drinke yee all of this for this is my bloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the New testament which is shed for many for the remission of sinnes c Mat. 26.27.18 III. Thirdly because all things which are required in a solemne Will and Testament are here in these books to be found for the clearing whereof observe A Will is either written by the hand or direction of the Testator in his life time or it is unwritten and is called by the Lawyers Testamentum nuncupativum a Will declarative and such is the Will and Testament of our Lord and Saviour Iesus Christ wherein there are principally these foure things First a Testator which is Christ the Sonne of God the author of this New Testament Secondly an Heire or joint-heires which are all the elect of all ages and hence the Scripture often calleth the Saints Heires and Coheires of Christ d Tit. 3.7 Rom. 8.17 1 Pet. 3.7 Thirdly Legacies or goods given to the Heires by the Testator which are life eternall remission of sinnes the gifts and graces of the Holy Ghost whereby we are enabled to performe in some good measure the Will of Christ as to live holily to adorne our profession to be liberall towards the poore to love one another to beleeve in God faithfully and to call upon him fervently and the like Fourthly witnesses of the Will and these were I. First the Apostles and Disciples of Chrst who are by Christ called his Witnesses and they themselves are not ashamed to bee so called e Luk. 24.48 Act. 1.8 2.32 II. The holy Martyrs are Christ witnesses also because they suffered their blood to be shed for the confession of this Testament III. Thirdly all good Ministers who are interpreters of this Testament and propound the excellencies thereof unto the world are likewise Christs witnesses IV. Fourthly and lastly all the Godly who labour to performe and fulfil the contents of this Will in their lives and conversations are witnesses also of this New Testament Quest 12 Concerning the addition one question more may be propounded and that is why are these Bookes called New Answ The new Testament seeing that the substance of this volume is contained in the other commonly called the Old Testament I answer these bookes are called New for these reasons I. First in regard of the time wherein they were written because in time they were later written then those of the other Testament so we call those things new which in tyme are nearer unto us and those things old which are further distant from our memorie and age II. Secondly they are called New in regad of the promises of a new kingdome which they containe for in the Old Testament almost f I say almost not altogether 1. because the promises of the New Testament are in the Old and those of the Old in the New though the old hath them satis involutè in Typis but the New revelate satis 2 Because this Almost serves to escape the foule error of the Sadduces apud Hugonem Gro●ium de verit Relig Christ pag. 64. And of Servetus apud Calvin Instit lib. 2. cap. 10. pag. 102. 105. 172. And of some other Pseudo-Theologues in these times domi forsan for as all the promises respect the kingdome of the earthly Canaan and that upon these conditions that they should dwell safely securely and prosperously in that land so long as they lived holily before the Lord but the land should spue them out if they forsake the Lord. But this New Testament hath the promise of a new kingdome the kingdome of heaven as also of the abolishing of death of eternall life of bestowing righteousnesse upon us and renewing our humane

that there is in the servants of God hypocrisie or pride or sinister respects or secret ends or the like for which they scandalize them as though it were indeed as they sinisterly imagine Answ 2 Secondly the very Doctrine of the Gospell is hard and therefore is offensive to the nature of man who desires to walk in the way of ease Iohn 6.60 and 1 Corinth 1.16.21 Answ 3 Thirdly Sathan doth continually raise up some enemies or other and therefore the Church in no age hath or shall be free from some who therein shall give offence to Religion and the Gospel of Christ Acts 2.13 and 4.1 and 5 17 40. and 6.11 and 1 Cor. 16.9 Quest 3 What is here required of us Answ 1 First we must not wonder although the profession or professours of Religion be scandalized yea compassed about with calumnies for Christ himself was calumniated Luke 2.34 and 12.51 And the Primitive Church was reported to have sacrificed children to have been Nicolaitans with other wicked scandals slanders Answ 2 Secondly we must expect oppositions that so wee may be armed the better against them and that I. By a constant resolution that no detractions derisions slanders nor reproaches shall cause us to turn our feet out of the wayes of God And II. By circumspection and watchfulnesse Ephes 5.15 Thirdly we must take heed that we be not offended with any thing that happens or falls out but avoid the Ordinary causes of offences which are these to wit I. Some are offended with Religion because the persons of the Religious are despised Read Matth. 13.57 c. Mark 6.3 Iohn 7.41 47. II. Some are offended with Religion because the life of the Religious is somewhat popular and not so strict as they would have it Thus some stumbled at Christ when they said Why doe the Disciples of Iohn and of the Pharisees fast but thy Disciples fast not Matth. 9.11 Iohn 8.48 III. Some are offended with Religion because the Religious are still subject to the crosse and under the rod Matth. 26.31 and 1 Corinthians 15.19 IV. Some are offended even with the Doctrine of the Gospel Acts. 28.22 and 1 Corinth 1.23 And that either First because the Gospell is preached Acts. 4.2 and 13.45 c. Or Secondly because Christ publisheth and proclaimeth himself to be the Son of God Iohn 5.18 Or Answ 3 Thirdly because it seems absurd that we should obtain life by Christs death or be freed from death by him who was taken captive of death and subjected thereunto Thus the Two Disciples were offended because of Christs death Luke 24. And hence the Christians were made a mocking-stock of by the Iews because they beleeved in a crucified God Iohn 6.52.60 Or Fourthly because Christ abrogated the Law of Moses Acts. Or Fifthly because he gives salvation freely unto us without any merit or work of ours Matth. 9.3 Philip. 3.9 Or Sixthly some are offended because Religion is too severe and will not allow them sometimes to follow and fulfill the desires of their own hearts Or Seventhly some are offended with Christ because he is to liberall and free in reprehending of them Matthew 15.12 Iohn 8.33 45. Or Eighthly some are offended with the Gospell by reason of the many dissensions and diversities of opinion amongst Christians and this is the frequent Objection and cavill of the Turks and Heretikes Now these and all other causes of offence we should cautelously avoid and let nothing make us stumble at Christ or at Religion § 3. Vt Scandala that offences should come Sect. 3 The meaning of these words Woe bee unto the world by reason of offences is woe bee unto the world because many scandals shall arise therein and there shall be many offences in the plurall number Scandala to teach us That many offences are to be expected in the world Observ What is an Offence or Scandall Quest 1 First in generall the word is derived from the Answ 1 Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from halting because a stumbling blocke being laid in the way causeth a man to halt and fall Some say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies that crooked part of the trap whereunto the bait is fastned upon which the creature eating and gnawing puls the trap down upon it self Suidas Secondly or the word Scandall comes from Answ 2 the Hebrew word or the Syriacke For Syrus saith that Machshula a Scandall comes from Cesal Impingo to beat knock or dash against it Now the Hebrews say that Michshol a Scandall comes from the root Casal which signifies to offend And therefore to scandalize and offend doth signifie a giving occasion unto others to stumble and fall and hurt themselves Thirdly more particularly this word Scandall Answ 3 is taken three manner of wayes to wit I. Sometimes for evill losse and an impediment and thus it is frequently taken in the old Testament II. Sometimes it is taken for an offence against the conscience of our Brother who is zealous for Gods glory Thus the Athenians were an offence unto Paul whose heart burned and whose Spirit was troubled in him when he saw their Idolatry Acts 17.16 III. Sometimes it is taken for a tentation whereby our Brother is drawn unto sinne Now these two latter properly are Scandals and offences but not the rst The meaning therefore of the point is this That so long as we live in the world we shall heare and see many things which will offend us if we be zealous for Gods glory yea many things whereby God is dishonoured and Religion scandalized yea we must expect temptations and provocations from others unto evill that so we may arme our selves against them and labour to prevent them Quest 2 How many sorts of Scandals or Offences are there Answ There is a double offence or Scandall namely First Scandalum datum an offence which is given and this Offence is either I. In the will of the Agent and that whether it respect First a mans self that is either I. His gain pleasure or satisfaction now this is understood of those who tempt others unto adultery or drunkennesse or murther or lying or theft or perjury c. Or II. His pride not caring who is offended Sic volo Thus I will doe let others think what they will I care not Now these are blame-worthy not so much because they look upon their brethren in envy as because they doe not respect them in love for we should bear that love unto our Brethren that we should not offend them at al if it lay in our power for if we willingly offend these little ones when we are left free we are inexcuseable and subject to the woe denounced in the Text. Or Secondly these voluntary offences respect our brethren when men do those things which are offensive to the Children of God and that out of envy and for this end that they may be offended

Faith and willing to be baptized must then be admitted unto the Sacrament of Baptisme and baptized in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the holy Ghost Marke 16.16 Acts 10.47 But these two Answers are to be understood of those who are of yeares of discretion and not of Infants Who ought to bee or may bee Baptized Quest 6 Those who are baptized are either Answ I. Men of ripe yeares or yeares of discretion Now these Adulti doe either First not professe the Faith of Christ or are without the Church of Christ and these are not to be baptized Or Secondly doe professe the Religion of Christ and desire to be baptized and these as was said before are to be admitted Or II. Infants now these are either Answ 3 First the Children of Iewes Turkes and Heathens who are without the Church and these are not to be baptized Or Secondly they are the Children of those who are wiihin the Church and these are to be baptized Quest 8 Whether is the Sacrament of Baptisme necessary or not Answ 1 First it is necessary because it is commanded in this verse and Marke 16.16 For as we must pray if we would be blessed because God hath comman●ed it Matth. 7.7 and as we must eate if we would live because according to Gods owne ordinance that is the meanes to preserve life so we must be baptized because God hath ordained that by that doore we should enter into the Arke the Church Answ 2 Secondly but Baptisme is not absolutely necessary unto salvation as appeares thus I. God did precisely command that Circumcision to which Baptisme answers now should be on the eighth day before which time without doubt many dyed and yet it were absurd peremtorily to set downe that they were damned II. Jf Circumcision had beene absolutely necessarily unto salvation then Moses and Aaron would not have omitted it for 40 yeares in the Desart III. This Doctrine of the absolute necessity of Baptisme was unknowne to the ancient Fathers and primitive Church who therefore did oftentimes forbeare baptisme although we approve not of this their fact till a little before death Hence Constantine the great was not baptized untill a little before his death and Valentinian by reason of his delay was not at all baptized whom notwithstanding Ambrose pronounceth to be in heaven And Bernard in his 37. 77. Epistle affirmeth that not every privation or want of Baptisme but only the contempt and palpable neglect of it is damnable IV. The Papists themselves confesse that the Baptisme of the Spirit Baptismas flaminis and Martyrdome Baptismas sanguinis are sufficient without the Baptisme of water that is where or when it cannot be had unto salvation V. CHRIST himselfe saved the Thiefe upon the Crosse without Baptisme Luke 23.43 And therefore it is not so absolutely necessary that without it none can be saved Quest 9 What doe we promise in Baptisme Answ 1 First we promise to renounce sinne Rom. 6.6 and 1 Cor. 6.19 and Acts 3.26 and 1 Peter 4.6 Answ 2 Secondly to serve the Lord in newnesse of life all the dayes we live on the Earth Rom. 6.4 and 7.6 and 2 Corinth 5.17 Galath 6.15 Ephes 4.22.23 and 4.1 and 1 Peter 2.9 and 1 John 2.6 Sect. 5 § 5. In the name of the Father c. In this forme wherein the Apostles must baptize those who are instructed our Saviour by nominating of the Father Sonne and holy Ghost doth plainly insinuate and teach unto his Apostles the profound mistery of the Trinity and Unity For these three names Father Sonne and holy Ghost doe expresse the Trinity of divine persons and this phrase In nomine non in nominibus in the name in the singular number and not in the names in the plurall doth evidently shew the Unity in Trinity or that these three ever blessed persons have but one essence and nature Pet. Galat. Lib. 2. Cap. 12. page 63. medio § 6. And of the Sonne Sect. 6 From these words we may draw this plaine Argument against the Arrians Argum. who deny the Deity of CHRIST He in whose name we are baptized is truly and essentially God But we are baptized as well in the name of the Sonne as of the Father and holy Spirit in this verse Therefore the Sonne is aswell God in nature and essence as the Father and holy Spirit are and consequently he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the same nature and substance with the Father § 7. And of the holy Ghost Sect. 7 Deuterius an Arrian Bishop being at Bizantium as he was about to baptize one Barbas after his blasphemous manner saying J baptize thee in the name of the Father through the Sonne and in the holy Ghost which forme of words is contrary to the prescript rule of Christ who in this place commanded his Apostles to baptize all Nations In the name of the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost the water suddenly vanished so that he could not then be baptized Wherefore Barbas all amazed fled to a Church of purer Religion and there was entertained into the Church by baptisme Socrates in his Ecclesiasticall History Lib. 7. Cap. 17. reporteth the like History of a Jew who had beene oftentimes baptized and came to ●aulus a Novation Bishop to receive the Sacrament againe but the water vanished and his villany being detected he was banished the Church Because I have spoken divers things in divers places before of the Father and the Sonne here therefore thus briefly passe them over speaking something more largely of the holy Spirit because hitherto I have treated of that divine person more sparingly How many things are requisite to be knowne Quest 1 concerning the holy Ghost Two namely Answ First Nomen his name He is called 1. Spirit Then 2. Holy Secondly his nature wherein two things are observable viz. I. Veritas the truth thereof wherein two things are included to wit First that he is God with God Secondly that he is a distinct person from the Father and the Sonne II. Priprietas the properties thereof namely that First he proceeds from the Father and the Sonne Secondly that he is equall to the Father and the Sonne Thirdly what his operations and workes are What is meant by this word Spirit Quest First this word Spirit is taken either First literally and that two manner of wayes to wit either Answ 1 I. For an invisible corporeall essence as for example First sometimes for the aire and wind Secondly sometimes for the blast or breath of the Lungs Or II. Spirit is taken for an invisible incorporeall essence which is two-fold namely either First created as Sathan specters the reasonable soule of man and the good Angels Secondly uncreated and thus God the Father God the Sonne and God the holy Ghost are called Spirits Secondly figuratively and thus it is taken either I. Spiritually and thus First the power and Deity of Christ is sometimes called Spirit And Secondly sometimes the