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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14721	Theologicall questions, dogmaticall observations, and evangelicall essays, vpon the Gospel of Jesus Christ, according to St. Matthew Wherein, about two thousand six hundred and fifty necessary, and profitable questions are discussed; and five hundred and eighty speciall points of doctrine noted; and five hundred and fifty errours confuted, or objections answered: together with divers arguments, whereby divers truths, and true tenents are confirmed. By Richard VVard, sometimes student in the famous vniversities of Cambridge in England: St. Andrews in Scotland: and Master of Arts of both the kingdoms; and now a preacher in the famous city of London.	Ward, Richard, 1601 or 2-1684.	1640 (1640)	STC 25024; ESTC S118017	1,792,298	907

is no solid or sincere Religion but onely a forme 2 Tim. 3.5 Or Answ 3 Thirdly because the Master of the family doth not teach and instruct his houshold many follow Religion in some sort themselves but doe neglect to instruct their families and to teach their wives children and servants their duties Or Answ 4 Fourthly because either the head or parts of the family doe follow some other respects besides Religion and conscience namely either covetousnesse or gaine or partiality or selfe-will or the like Quest 4 What are the remedies against these domesticall dissensions Answ 1 The best remedy in all these is to run unto God Mic. 7.7 as for example I. If our friends or kindred or those who are neerest in the bond of nature unto us be angry or at strife with us then let us goe unto God and labour that he may be our friend and we shall then be happy and have cause to rejoyce in the middest of these jars and distastes If we be injured and unjustly wronged by any who are neere unto us or whosoever and that we must suffer and endure those wrongs then let us respect the promises of God made unto such and rejoyce our selves in them Answ 2 Secondly some understand this verse of the dissensions which shall arise amongst the godly Quest 5 How many sorts and kinds of peace are there Answ Three namely First the peace of the wicked or that peace which wicked men have amongst themselves this our Saviour spake of verse 34. Secondly the peace of the godly amongst themselves this is both commanded Ioh. 14. and also promised The God of peace will give peace unto the righteous Esa 57. Thirdly the peace of the righteous with the wicked and this our Saviour speaks of in this place Here observe that it is understood two manner of wayes to wit either I. Indicatively onely Or else II. Imperatively also First this may be understood Indicatively onely shewing what shall come of preaching and thus it seemes to be understood by that which went before Whence we note That the preaching of the Gospel will beget jars and dissensions Observ amongst the neerest and deerest friends for some will beleeve and some will belye the Preachers and preaching of the Word some will practise it some will persecute it some will desire to injoy it some others envie it Like the two theeves whereof the one prayes unto Christ and the other reviles him Many more examples hereof may be seen in Scripture both in the Athenians Act. 17. and in the Scribes and Pharisees and Sadduces and others Acts 13.45 and 14.13 19. and 18.6 8. and 19.23 and 21.30 and 23.7 and Ioh. 6.52 and 7.40 c. and 9.16 and 10.19 c. Why doth the preaching of the Gospel breed Quest 6 this variance betweene fathers and children masters and servants friends and friends First because no man can serve two masters Answ 1 Matth. 6.24 The children of God and of the world or Belial cannot agree Secondly because Religion and the word Answ 2 withdrawes men from their pleasure profit and gaine and therefore doth exasperate them against their dearest friends Moses and Aaron if God had not preserved them had paid dearely for bringing the Israelites from the flesh-pots of Egypt Exo. 16.2 Saint Paul was in danger of death for dispossessing a Damosell because she brought much money to her Master so long as shee was possessed Act. 16.18 Afterwards for speaking against Dlana Demetrius by an uprore and insurrection had likely to have slaine him because Paul spake against his profit Act. 19.24 And thus when Preachers speake against mens lucre and darlings they are hated by those who otherwise love them Thirdly because the word is a hard saying to Answ 3 flesh and blood Iohn 6.60 Or because men cannot endure reproofe Lot was well liked by the Sodomites for any thing we know untill he reproved them but then they threaten him Gen. 19.9 So many when once the word reproves them will endure it no longer but spurne against the reproofes and set themselves against the reprovers Fourthly because naturally men cannot endure Answ 4 that others should bee thought to be better then themselves for those who endeavour not to bee good indeed doe yet desire to be thought to bee good Esay 65.5 And hate those whom the world thinkes better then themselves as we see in Cain who hated his brother Abell because he was better in Gods esteeme and more beautifull in his eye then himselfe was Gen. 3. Fiftly the preaching of the word begets dissension Answ 5 amongst deare friends because thereby one becomes more blessed then another God promiseth and performeth that hee will blesse those who obey his word but curse the disobedient And hence the blessed are hated of the other as Iacob was by his brother Esau Gen. 27.41 And therefore we may observe the perversenesse of our nature and impiety of our dispositions in this particular that those whom 1. Nature and 2. Civility and 3. Custome and 4. Acquaintance hath taught us to love yea whom 5. we have loved indeed wee now hate onely because they are religious Quest 8 Who hate others or become enemies unto others for religion only Answer Many yea in a manner all sorts of people as for example First wives are offended with their husbands and husbands with their wives because they are religious Iob 2.9 Secondly Children are angry against Parents because with the bridle of religion they seeke to restraine them of their unbridled wils Thirdly Parents are often angry with their Children because they are young Saints and too religious and Masters dislike servants because they are too pure and religiously bent Fourth servants stomack their masters because they observe such pious practises in their houses wil rather leave them then submit themselves to be taught and instructed and catechised by them yea utterly refuse to be examined at home what they learnt at Church And thus I might have gone through all rankes and qualities and degrees whatsoever Secondly this verse may be understood Imperatively also as appeares by that which followes To teach us Observ That the strongest bonds of nature are to bee broken and neglected for religion Deut. 33.9 and Psalme 73.25 c. David must leave his Countrey and Rebecca her kindred if God call and command it As justice is painted blind without never an eye so Religion makes men Vnoculos to have but one eye and therefore they only behold and love Colos 3.15 and serve the Lord contemning all other things though never so strong as for example First Propinquity familiarity and intimacy is a strong bond and yet Religion makes us forsake our most neare and deare and familiar friends if they labour to seduce us and lead us aside from God or if they be hinderances unto us in his service Secondly Nature is a strong coard yea what nearer bond can there bee then is that of the Child to the Father and

us in the service of God I answer Answ a right use of the affections doth helpe us in Gods service Shame makes us blush for sinne feare makes us warie anger makes us zealous of the credit and good name of our neighbour and of the glory of God Loftinesse of minde makes us constant and resolute in our callings and duties both divine and humane Praise makes us more prompt and ready to obey vertue it being cos virtutis vertues whetstone § 3. And departed into Aegypt Aegypt was Sect. 3 a place of ill report in many things First Observ a place of noe faith nor truth but perfidious and treacherous Pompeius was slaine there Iulius Caesar was in danger of treacherie when he was there and it was a fatall place to Antonius Secondly they were persecuters of the Israelites and God makes that great deliverance of his people from them the Preface of the law b Exod. 20.1 And hence it is that God forbids them to returne any more into Aegypt but rather to goe to Babylon and submit themselves to the Chaldean captivity as Ieremiah the Prophet often perswades Thirdly the Aegyptians were most bitter and cruell enemies of religion abounding in all manner of superstition and this is that which most grieves the children of God to bee among those that are lovers of superstition and haters of religion c Psa 120.5.6 And yet notwithstanding all this Ioseph being commanded by the Lord to goe thither doth neither refuse it as the Iewes did when they were bidden by the Prophet to goe to Babylon neither doth hee flye into some other place as Ionas did who would have fled to Tarsus when he should have gone to Nineveh but goes presently when and punctually whether the Lord bids him Vers 15 §. 1. VERS 15. And was there vntill the Sect. 1 death of Herod that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the Prophet saying out of Aegypt have I called my Sonne A man in the ford ready to sinke catcheth at every thing he feels or sees which he can reach hoping that it will helpe to keepe his head above water so Papists snatching every occasion for the confirmation of their religion laye hold upon this verse to ground their unwritten traditions upon Obiect objecting thus Many bookes truly sacred and canonicall have utterly perished and beene lost and therefore that Canon of Scripture which now wee have is not sufficient the Antecedent they confirme from Chrysostome a Hom 9. s Matth. who saith the Jewes lost some of their sacred and canonicall bookes by negligence and carelesnesse and some of them have beene burnt and therfore these Books could never be repaired or written again by Esdras seeing that they were no where extant they give us examples of this as this verse Out of Aegypt have I called my sonne and verse 23. he shall be called a Nazarite which words are not at all to be found in the Old Testament And therefore the Scriptures are insufficient without ecclesiasticall or humane Traditions Answ 1 I answer first we deny that any sacred and canonicall bookes have beene lost Answ 2 Secondly if there bee any lost as some Protestants grant as we shal see else where yet they were either historicall and not absolutly necessary unto salvation or doctrinall containing fundamentall truths which are clearely taught and laid downe in some of those bookes which we have now extant and therefore this doth not conclude the Scriptures to be insufficient Answ 3 Thirdly the proofe they bring for their Antecedent proves nothing because Chrysostome being ignorant of the Hebrew tongue followes the translation of some interpreters who hath not these two sentences which are in this verse and the 23. verse but St. Hierom learned in the languages affirmes b Lib. de opt gen interp that they are both to bee found in the Hebrew Text that is this verse in Hos 11.1 and vers 23. in Iudg. 13.5 and Isa 11.1 Yea both these sentences are to bee found in the vulgar translation which the Papists hold onely authenticall of all other translations Answ 4 Fourthly the Jewes so religiously and carefully did keep these sacred books that no one book either by their negligence or malice hath perished as shall bee else where shewed and as Bellarmine himselfe proves c Lib. 2. de verbo Dei and others are verily perswaded of d Scharpius curs Theog 137. Sect. 2 § 2. That it might bee fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the Prophet Exposit The scope of that place Hos 11.1 Is to commemorate the deliverance of Israel from Egypt by way of reproach and upbraiding of the Jewes who were so unthankefull and disobedient unto God who had done such great thing for them Hence a principall question offers it selfe to be discussed which is this How is it said here Quest This was done that it might be fulfilled c. Is this the scope of Hoseas prophesie I answer first a Prophesie is fulfilled three Answ 1 manner of wayes I. When that which is foretold come to passe as Samuel foretold Saul that his kingdom should not continue e 1. Sam. 13.14 because God had rejected him f 1 Sam. 15.23 which was shortly after fulfilled in David to whom the crowne was given II. When a thing is foretold of one time in generall which may often come to passe or when a Prophesie is given which seems to aime at some one time but the substance of it is accomplished many times as the Prophet Esay Prophesieth of the Jewes they shall heare but not understand see but not perceive g Esa 6.9.10 Which is dayly accomplished whereresoever the Gospel is preached III. When not that numericall thing comes to passe which is foretold but some thing like thereunto and thus some say the Prophets prediction is fulfilled in this place h Muscul s But because it may be replyed although something Answ 2 like unto that which is foretold come to passe yet it cannot truely be said to be fulfilled I will therefore give a second answer and that is Prophecies have many senses as may appeare by a fivefold explication of them viz. Historicall Morall Allegoricall Tropologicall Anagogicall of which I shall speake God enabling me plainely else where But because it may yet be replyed that this is full of danger seeing 1 Origen and some others have turned all Historicall narrations into Allegories and 2. because the Anabaptists doe denie the very truth of the Historie of the Scriptures embracing onely Allegories and excluding all Historicall truths as Ixion embraced a cloud in stead of Iuno I will therefore produce Answ 3 a third answer which is that one prophecie hath but one sense onely yet there may bee two parts thereof and thus Mr. Perkins answers i de unica rat concionandi This is not so plaine nor cleare unto the understanding and therefore I adde a fourth answer That

Papists Many examples might be given of this which I passe by reciting onely one or two Albertus Duke of Franconia having slaine Conrade the Earle of Lotharingia brother to Lewis the fourth then Emperour and finding the Emperours wrath incensed against him for the same betooke himselfe to a strong castle at Bamberge from whence the Emperor neither by force nor policie could remove him for seven yeares space untill Atto the Bishop of Meutz by treacherie delivered him into his hands This Atto under shew of friendship repaired to the castle and gave his faith unto the Earle that if hee would come downe and parle with the Emperour he should safely returne into his hold The Earle mistrusting no fraud went out of the Castle gates with the Bishop towards the Emperour but Atto as it were suddenly remembring himselfe when indeede it was his devised plot desireth to returne backe and dine ere hee went because it was somewhat late so they did and having dined returne The Earle was no sooner come unto the Emperour but hee caused him to bee presently put to death notwithstanding he urged the Bishops oath and promise for his returne for unto that allegation it was answered that his oath was quit by returning back to dine as he had promised him And thus by this craftie perjurie the Earle was betrayed and the treacherous Bishop shortly after killed with a thunderbolt from heaven i Melanct. Chr. lib. 4. Cleomenes King of Lacedemonia making warre upon the Argives surprised them by this subtilty he tooke truce with them for seven dayes and the third night whilst they lay secure and unwarie in their tents by reason of the truce hee oppressed them with a great slaughter saying that the truce was made for dayes onely and not for nights The reason of this perjurie was because hee thought thus to take the city Argos but missed of his purpose for the Argive women being enraged for the death and slaughter of their husbands tooke armes like Amasons Tolesilla being their Captainesse and compassing their citie walles repelled Cleomenes halfe amased with the strangenesse of the sight A●ter this he was banished into Egypt and there miserably and desperately slew himselfe k Campofulgos l. 7. c. 3. I passe by the equivocation of Arrius who subscribing with on oath to the truth of the Articles which were presented unto him meant the Articles which he had secretly hid and conveyed into his bosome which were contrary unto the other for which by and by he voided his entralles easing himselfe and so miserably died These examples should make us feare all false and deceitfull oathes and learne to sweare in truth in judgement and in righteousnesse l Jer. 4.2.2 Why is all perjurie and forswearing and false Quest 8 swearing in generall such an odious sinne both unto God and man that men regard not and God punisheth such as use it First because it overthrowes all policie and Answ 1 trading and commerce no man knowes how to beleeve or deale with that man who makes no conscience of an oath and therefore the Egyptians did punish the purjured person with death because he had broken his faith plighted both with God and man m Diodo sic 1.6 An oath is for the end of controversies n Heb. 6.16 and therefore he who sweares falsely overthrowes the greatest testimonie amongst men Secondly because this prophanes the ordinance Answ 2 of God An oath is a part of Gods worship yea ordained by God for the deciding and ending of brawles and composing of jarres Exod. 22.11 and Numb 5.19 21. And therefore he who makes no account of an oath slights a principall and weighty ordinance of God and kindles the anger of God against h●m for it Lisander the Lacedemonian was wont to say that when the Lyons skin meaning fortitude power and valour would not serve it was needfull then to sowe unto it the Foxes case meaning subtiltie and fraud Yea so little reckoning made hee of forswearing himselfe that hee would often say That children were to bee cousened with trifles and men with oathes But we must take heede of this Maxime for whosoever useth it will finde at last that none is worse cousened by it then himselfe as this Fox Lisander did who warring against the Thebans was taken in a trap and slaine at the foot of their walls o Plutar●h Answ 3 Thirdly because perjurie abuseth the name of God and dishonoureth the Lord of hoasts by calling him to bee a witnesse of a falsehoode and of the perjurie And therefore the Lord will never let it goe unpunished Sect. 2 § 2. Thou shalt performe vnto the Lord thine oathes that is thy vowes Wee see how the Scribes and Pharisees doe here apply periurie to vowes whence two questions may arise What is a lawfull Vow Quest 1 It is a promise made unto God Answ by one who is free and upon mature deliberation whereby hee doth oblige himselfe to doe something which is good and fitting to bee done and in his power to doe and that for some good and religious end How many sorts and kindes of vowes are Quest 2 there Uowes are either of Answ Duety as the promises and vowes made in Baptisme and the Lords Supper and these are not properly Vowes neither agree with the definition expressed in the former question Libertie and Freedome and these are properly called Vowes Answ and are distinguished either According to the Manner of the vow and so they are twofold First absolute for grace given or favour shewed thus David vowed to have a religious care o● the Arke for Gods care Answ 2 of him p Psal 131.2 Secondly conditionall for the obtaining of grace thus Iacob vowed to give the tenth of his Possessions unto the Lord if hee will bee pleased but to blesse and prosper him in his journey q Gen. 28 20. Thing Vowed And so they consist in a particular observance of our generall duties to wit either 1. In doing that which is good Or 2. In giving good things to others Or 3. In abstaining from sinne and the occasions thereof But of these else-where Vers 34.35 VERSE 34.35 But I say unto you sweare nor at all neither by heaven for it is Gods throne nor by the earth for it is his footstoole neither by Ierusalem for it is the Citie of the great King Sect. 1 § 1. But I say unto you Quest 1 Was not that well sayed which was spoken by the Jewes in the former verse And if so then why doth Christ oppose it or finde fault with it Answ Our Saviour blames them I. Because they taught not the whole truth concerning sweareing II. Because they taxed onely the more grosse kindes of swearing and externall sinnes but did not see the internall and more secrete First Christ here reproves and findes fault with the Scribes and Pharisees because they taught not the whole truth concerning the breach of the third Commandement Quest 2 Why is it

Faith and willing to be baptized must then be admitted unto the Sacrament of Baptisme and baptized in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the holy Ghost Marke 16.16 Acts 10.47 But these two Answers are to be understood of those who are of yeares of discretion and not of Infants Who ought to bee or may bee Baptized Quest 6 Those who are baptized are either Answ I. Men of ripe yeares or yeares of discretion Now these Adulti doe either First not professe the Faith of Christ or are without the Church of Christ and these are not to be baptized Or Secondly doe professe the Religion of Christ and desire to be baptized and these as was said before are to be admitted Or II. Infants now these are either Answ 3 First the Children of Iewes Turkes and Heathens who are without the Church and these are not to be baptized Or Secondly they are the Children of those who are wiihin the Church and these are to be baptized Quest 8 Whether is the Sacrament of Baptisme necessary or not Answ 1 First it is necessary because it is commanded in this verse and Marke 16.16 For as we must pray if we would be blessed because God hath comman●ed it Matth. 7.7 and as we must eate if we would live because according to Gods owne ordinance that is the meanes to preserve life so we must be baptized because God hath ordained that by that doore we should enter into the Arke the Church Answ 2 Secondly but Baptisme is not absolutely necessary unto salvation as appeares thus I. God did precisely command that Circumcision to which Baptisme answers now should be on the eighth day before which time without doubt many dyed and yet it were absurd peremtorily to set downe that they were damned II. Jf Circumcision had beene absolutely necessarily unto salvation then Moses and Aaron would not have omitted it for 40 yeares in the Desart III. This Doctrine of the absolute necessity of Baptisme was unknowne to the ancient Fathers and primitive Church who therefore did oftentimes forbeare baptisme although we approve not of this their fact till a little before death Hence Constantine the great was not baptized untill a little before his death and Valentinian by reason of his delay was not at all baptized whom notwithstanding Ambrose pronounceth to be in heaven And Bernard in his 37. 77. Epistle affirmeth that not every privation or want of Baptisme but only the contempt and palpable neglect of it is damnable IV. The Papists themselves confesse that the Baptisme of the Spirit Baptismas flaminis and Martyrdome Baptismas sanguinis are sufficient without the Baptisme of water that is where or when it cannot be had unto salvation V. CHRIST himselfe saved the Thiefe upon the Crosse without Baptisme Luke 23.43 And therefore it is not so absolutely necessary that without it none can be saved Quest 9 What doe we promise in Baptisme Answ 1 First we promise to renounce sinne Rom. 6.6 and 1 Cor. 6.19 and Acts 3.26 and 1 Peter 4.6 Answ 2 Secondly to serve the Lord in newnesse of life all the dayes we live on the Earth Rom. 6.4 and 7.6 and 2 Corinth 5.17 Galath 6.15 Ephes 4.22.23 and 4.1 and 1 Peter 2.9 and 1 John 2.6 Sect. 5 § 5. In the name of the Father c. In this forme wherein the Apostles must baptize those who are instructed our Saviour by nominating of the Father Sonne and holy Ghost doth plainly insinuate and teach unto his Apostles the profound mistery of the Trinity and Unity For these three names Father Sonne and holy Ghost doe expresse the Trinity of divine persons and this phrase In nomine non in nominibus in the name in the singular number and not in the names in the plurall doth evidently shew the Unity in Trinity or that these three ever blessed persons have but one essence and nature Pet. Galat. Lib. 2. Cap. 12. page 63. medio § 6. And of the Sonne Sect. 6 From these words we may draw this plaine Argument against the Arrians Argum. who deny the Deity of CHRIST He in whose name we are baptized is truly and essentially God But we are baptized as well in the name of the Sonne as of the Father and holy Spirit in this verse Therefore the Sonne is aswell God in nature and essence as the Father and holy Spirit are and consequently he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the same nature and substance with the Father § 7. And of the holy Ghost Sect. 7 Deuterius an Arrian Bishop being at Bizantium as he was about to baptize one Barbas after his blasphemous manner saying J baptize thee in the name of the Father through the Sonne and in the holy Ghost which forme of words is contrary to the prescript rule of Christ who in this place commanded his Apostles to baptize all Nations In the name of the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost the water suddenly vanished so that he could not then be baptized Wherefore Barbas all amazed fled to a Church of purer Religion and there was entertained into the Church by baptisme Socrates in his Ecclesiasticall History Lib. 7. Cap. 17. reporteth the like History of a Jew who had beene oftentimes baptized and came to ●aulus a Novation Bishop to receive the Sacrament againe but the water vanished and his villany being detected he was banished the Church Because I have spoken divers things in divers places before of the Father and the Sonne here therefore thus briefly passe them over speaking something more largely of the holy Spirit because hitherto I have treated of that divine person more sparingly How many things are requisite to be knowne Quest 1 concerning the holy Ghost Two namely Answ First Nomen his name He is called 1. Spirit Then 2. Holy Secondly his nature wherein two things are observable viz. I. Veritas the truth thereof wherein two things are included to wit First that he is God with God Secondly that he is a distinct person from the Father and the Sonne II. Priprietas the properties thereof namely that First he proceeds from the Father and the Sonne Secondly that he is equall to the Father and the Sonne Thirdly what his operations and workes are What is meant by this word Spirit Quest First this word Spirit is taken either First literally and that two manner of wayes to wit either Answ 1 I. For an invisible corporeall essence as for example First sometimes for the aire and wind Secondly sometimes for the blast or breath of the Lungs Or II. Spirit is taken for an invisible incorporeall essence which is two-fold namely either First created as Sathan specters the reasonable soule of man and the good Angels Secondly uncreated and thus God the Father God the Sonne and God the holy Ghost are called Spirits Secondly figuratively and thus it is taken either I. Spiritually and thus First the power and Deity of Christ is sometimes called Spirit And Secondly sometimes the