Mephra Mutesis It was to him Joseph interpreted the Dreams and who entertained Jacob. This Patriarch died under The Death of Jacob. The Death of Joseph Tomesis the second afterwards Joseph continued to Govern under Orus in whose Reign he Dyed Of the World 2305. before Christ 1689. The Successors of Orus are these who The Israelites Persecuted follow Ratotis Achancheres Armais and Ramesses the first Ramesses the second he began to oppose the Israelites and his Son continued it he was called Amenophes the Third Of the World 2369. before Ch. 1635. The Birth of Aaron and Moses Cecrops K 〈…〉 of Athens The Birth of Aaron and Moses Of the World 2430. before Ch. 1574 Cecrops brought a Collony from Aegypt into Greece and there founded the City of Athens of which he was the first King Of the World 2467. before Ch. 1537. The Arabians became Masters of Babilon Tâ—â— Arabians in Babylon and having drove out the Chaldeans and there establisht a new Dinasty of which Mardocentis was the first King Of the World 2494. before Ch. 1510. Amenophis the third continued to persecute the Israelites but God delivered them by the hand of Moses as it is Related in the Book of Exodus Of the World 2513. before Ch. 1491. The Fourth Age. THat which passed in the Wilderness is fully described in the Book of Moses As to profane History that remarks the conquests of Sesostris the Son The Conquests of Sesostris or Aegiptus of Amenophis the Third who past thro' Arabia into Persia and went even to India where he past over Caucasus and entred into Scythia and arrived at Thrace and so passing the Bosphorus travelled through Asia the lesser and Syria and came back into his Kingdom at the end of Nine Years which he had spent to make himself master of those Countrys which have been named Besides the name of Sesostris he had that of Egiphes whence his Kingdom took afterwards its Name He had a Brother called Armais whom at his Return he drove out of Aegypt because he had broke the Orders given him to observe in his Brothers Absence It was this Armais whom the Greeks called Danaus Armais or Danaus who being Expelled his Country came to Greece where he became master of the Kingdom of Argos of whom was The Danaids feigned the Fable of the Danaids Of the World 2522. before Ch. 1482. Busiris the Brother of Amenophis the Busiris Third Uncle of the two preceeding Princes succeeded his Nephew Sesostris who died without Children This is that Busiris so famous for his cruelty to Strangers Of the World 2530. before Ch. 1474. Hermes Tresmigestus At this time lived Hermes Tresmigestus the most famous Phylosopher and one of Sesostris his Privy Councellors Agenor Agenor the Son of Belus the Aegyptian past from the upper part of Aegypt into that part of Palestine which from the name of Phaenix his Son was called Phaenicia Phaenix Caelix his second Son gave the Caelix name to Caelicia Cadmus the third having Cadmus persued the Ravisher of his Sister Europa Europa and not being able to retrieve her stopt in Boetia at a City he called Thebes from Thebes the name of another Thebes of high Aegypt his native Country This Cadmus brought Greek Characters to the Greeks those Characters that they used since for Writing Of the World 2549. before Ch 1455. The Death of Aaron and Moses The death of Aaron and Moses was a Year after Of the World 2552. before Ch. 1452 Joshua brought the Israelites into the Joshua past the Jordan Land of Promise where Manna failing they began to Eat of the Fruits of the Earth The first Year after the sixth from The first Sabbatick Year their Entrance is the first Sabbatick Year by which they regulated their Years of Jubilee Of the World 2560. before Ch. 1444 The Death of Joshua Joshua dies after he had judged the People 26 Years Of the World 2591. bef Ch. 1413. Othoniel the Brother of Caleb Judged Of the World 2599. before Ch. 1405. The Judges of Israel Israel Of the World 2659. before Ch. 1345. after him Ehud to whom Samgar succeeded Of the World 2679. before Ch. 1325. Belus King of Assyria of the race of Assur drove the Arabs out of Babylon and united the two Kingdoms Of the World 2682. before Christ 1322. Deborah ana Baruc. Deborah judged Israel with Baruc. Of the World 2719. before Christ 1245. Belus the Assyrian The City of Niniveh Ninus the Sonnet and Successor of Belus gave the Name to the City Niniveh which was Built by Assur in the time of Nimrod Of the World 2737. before Ch. 1267. This Ninus conquered all the Country between Tygris and India among the Kings whom he subdu'd was the famous Zoroaster Zoroaster King of the Bactrians Of the World 2781. before Ch. 1223. Gideon judged Israel his Son Abimelec The Judge of Israel usurpt the Title of King which his Father had refused Ninus gave to his second Son Argon the Argon King of Lydia Kingdom of Lydia which he had conquered from the Descendants of Atys Son of Hercules After the Death of Ninus Semeramis Semeramis his Widow Reigned in his place under the name of Ninias their Son Tholac and Jair govern'd Israel successively Judges of Israel then Jephta whose History the Scripture fully relates in the 11th and 12th Chapters of Judges The taking of Troy by the Greeks The The Siege of Troy Kings of that place were Dardanus the Son of Jupiter and Electra the Daughter of Atlas then Erictonius Tros Ilus with The Trojan Kings his Brother Asaracus Ilus by the Daughter of Teucer Son of Scamander King of Creet had Laomedon Asaracus was Father to Capis and Tyton Laomedon Father of Priamus Priamus Father to Hector and Paris and Cassys Father to Anchyses Anchyses Father to Eneas Tyton Father to Memnon The chief of the Greeks who were present The chief of the Greeks at the Seige of Troy at the War were Agamemnon and Menelaus Brothers and Sons of Atreus The first was King of Argos and Missena The second of Spanea Thiestes their Grandfather Pelops who was Son of Tantalus and of Hippodamia the Daughter of Enomaus King of Peloponesus Ulisses Husband to Penelope and King of Ithaca Achilles the Son of Peleus and Thetis .. Peleus Son of Jachus King of Aegina Patroclus Kinsman and Friend to Achilles both of them Pupils to Chyron the two Ajaxes the first the Son of Telamon King of Salamis the other of Oclus King of Locris Diomedes King of Aetolia Palamedes King of Eubaea Hercules Castor and Pollux Brothers of Hellena born of Jupiter and Leda Orpheus and the young Hylas Friend of Hercules Jason Prince of the Argonauts The Arnauts he was the Son of Aeson King of Thessaly Jason was Husband to Medea who afterwards married Aegeus
of Darius Codomanus to the Macedonians in The Empire of the Macedonians the person of Alexander Of the World 3675 before Ch. 329. It is remarkt what happened to him in that time with Talestris Queen of the Amazons Thalestris Queen of the Amazons A War against the Scythians who came to visit him in Hircaniâ— on the Banks of the Caspian Sea The War he afterwards undertook against the Scythians which proved unfortunate to him made him repass the Caâ—â—casus at the foot of which he founded aâ— second Alexandria The Conspiracy of Parmenio and oâ— The Conspiracy of Parmenio and Phylotas The Death of Clytus and Calisthenes his Son Phylotas cost both of them their lives The Death of Clytus and of Calistheneâ— the Phylosopher the first killed by Alexander himself in a Debauch the other by the hands of an Executioner being suspected to have conspired against Alexander Of the World 3676 before Ch. 328. Alexander advancing towards Indus Taxilis Taxilis a King whose Country lay on thiâ— side of that River submitted voluntarily to him so did Omphis another Indiaâ— Omphis King who lived beyond the same River But Porus the greatest King of that Porus. Country having opposed him was overcome and made a Prisoner and in the end treated very honourably by the Conqueror Of the World 3677 before Ch. 229. History does not forget to remark the The Death of Bucephalus Funeral Honours which Alexander caused to be paid to his Horse Bucephalus And the City he ordered to be built about his Tomb by the name of Bucephalia on the River Hydaspes His Army being arrived on the borders of Hypanis refused by a kind of Mutiny to pass further so that Alexander was Alexander returns He visits the Ocean forc'd to return back In his return he surveyed the Mouths of the River Indus and sailed for a while on the Ocean then taking his course along the Sea-side The loss of a great part of his Army by the great Droughts excessive Heat and want of Water and Provisions he lost three parts of his Army He arrived with the Remainder at Pasargade in Persia from thence marcht to Susa where Calanus the Calanus the Gimnosophyst Indian Gimnosophyst burnt himself because he found his Health begin to decay after he had enjoyed it perfectly for the space of Seventy Years Alexander being at Ecbatana in Parthia lost his dear Ephestion who died of a Debauch The Death of Ephestion of Wine Among his various expresses of Grief for his loss he often uttered some cruel ones and some very ridiculous He came to Babylon contrary to the Advice Alexander at Babylon and Council of the Caldeans who foretold that his coming there would prove Fatal He staid there some time and departed Laughing at the Prognosticators he took a Survey of the Mouth of Euphrates and there received the account of Nearchus and Onesicritus to whom he had given order to view the Coasts between the Mouths of the River Indus and Euphrates being return'd to Babylon giving His Return himself up to extraordinary Debauches of Wine died either by those Excesses or His Death of Poison given him by his greatest Familiars he lived but 32 Years of which he had Reigned 12. His Death happened in the first Year of the 114th Olimpiad and at the 449th Year from the Foundation of Rome Of the World 3681 before Christ 323. He left a Bastard Son named Hercules and his Wife Roxalana big with Child who was brought to Bed of a Son called after his Name these two Sons with Philip His Sons Arideus brother to Alexander acknowledged Arideus his Brother Perdiccas Governor of the Kings Kings by the Mecedonians under the Tuition of Perdiccas the two first by reason of their Childhood and the third in regard of the weakness of his Understanding The other Friends of Alexander shared among them his Conquests under the Titles of Governors which they assumed during the Life of those Kings But after that by the Fraud and Cunning of Olimpias and Antipater they were destroyed Their Death each of them took the Title of Sovereign in his Government It was not long before they fell to War among themselves by which the chief of them were ruined Perdiccas the first march'd into Aegypt The Death of Perdiccas Ptolomy King of Aegypt against Ptolomy the Son of Lagus and was there killed in Battle by Ptolomy who by that Victory was fully establish'd in that Monarchy and joyned to Aegypt Cyrenaica and part of Arabia Craterus had shared Macedonia and the Craterus killed rest of Greece with Antipater But Craterus having past into Asia against Eumenes was there kill'd in Battle Of the World 3680 before Ch. 320. Eumenes a-while after had the same Fate Eumenes killed by Antigonus who thus remain'd Master of a great part of Asia the Lesser having killed in Battle Lysimachus After which Lysimachus kill'd Antigonus was likewise slain in a Battle against Seleucus Demetrius the Son of Antigonus after he had restored Liberty to the ancient Republicks of Greece and had made himself Master of Macedonia lost it again and fell into the Hands of his Son-in-Law Seleucus Nicanor who kept him Prisoner tho' very honourably and most commodiously in a Peninsula of Syria where Demetrius The Death of Demetrius gave himself up excessively to his Pleasures died at the end of three Years Antipater Cassander and his other Sons the Death of Olimpias Antipater Cassander and his other Sons who had a hand in the Death of the Kings and in that of Olimpias they perish'd all in the space of twelve Years Thus the whole Succession of Alexander was divided into three Kingdoms That of the Selucides comprehended Mesopotamia The Selucides in Asia Syria and Asia the Lesser under Seleucus Nicanor who gave Name to this Dinasty Of the World 3692. before Ch. 312. That of the Ptolomy's comprizing Aegypt The Ptolomy ' s in Aegypt Cyrenaica with a part of Arabia under Ptolomy the Son of Lagus That of Macedonia under the young Antigonus Of Macedonia under the young Antigonus Philosophers who became Master there after that Pyrrhus who had disputed it with him was gone into Italy At this time lived Democritus Heraclitus and Zeno Prince of the Stoicks Euclid chief of the Mathematicians and Epicurus who kept two Schools in Asia one at Lampsasche and the other at Mytelene The Indians shook off the Macedonian The Indians set at Liberty Yoke having valiantly repuls'd Selucus who was advanc'd towards them to keep them in Obedience Of the World 3700 before Ch. 304. At his Return from this Voyage he The Foundation of Antioch and of Selucia founded two Cities in the same Year Antioch on the River Orontes in Syria and Selucia upon the Tygris the first after the Name of his Son Antiochus and the second after his own Name Of the World 3704
Son of the Lacedemonian General Of the World 3807 before Ch. 197. The Syrian War was not less glorious to The Syrian War the Romans Hannibal being retired to Antiochus the Great whom he perswaded to declare War against them which proved unfortunate to him For the Romans first beat him at the famous Pass of Thermopolis and again on the Banks of Meander in Asia under the Conduct of Lucius Scipio Lucius Scipio Asiaticus from thence Sur-named the Asiatick His Brother Cornelius the African having been his Lieutenant in this Expedition Of the World 3813. before Ch. 191. Four Years after Antiochus having been Kings of Syria killed by the Persians near the Temple of Jupiter Elemais his Son Seleucus Phylopater succeeded him in the Kingdom of Syria Of the World 3817 before Ch. 187. Hannibal poison'd himself having discover'd The Death of Hannibal that Prusias King of Bythinia designed to deliver him up to the Romans Of the World 3822 before Ch. 182. In the third Chapter of the second Book of the Maccabees is to be read what happened to Heliodorus when he attempted The History of Heliodorus to plunder the Temple of Jerusalem Of the World 3828 before Ch. 176. At his return from Judea Heliodorus killed Seleucus and so made himself Master of the Kingdom of Syria but did not long Kings of the Kingdom of Syria Antiochus Epiphanes enjoy it for he was soon after slain by Antiochus Epiphanes Brother to Seleucus This Antiochus had been given a Hostage to the Romans by his Father Antiochus the Great Seleucus his Brother disengaged him by sending his own Son Demetrius in his place So that in the Nephew's absence it was easie for the Uncle to usurp the Kingdom of Syria The Romans did nor then oppose Antiochus but as he was entring into Aegypt against the Pupils their two Brothers Ptolomeus Phylometer and Everietes the Second Successors to their Father Ptolomeus Epiphanes they sent him a Kings of Aegypt Command by Papilius Laena who was then Pro-Consul of Asia not to molest the young Aegyptian Kings In returning from Aegypt this enraged Prince brought those Calamities upon the Jews which are set down in the Second The Jews persecuted by Antiochus Book of the Maccabees Chap. 4 5 6. And by Josephus in his Twelfth Book and the Sixth Chapter in the Fifteenth Book and the Third Chapter of the Jewish Antiquities Of the World 3836 before Ch. 168. In the mean time the Romans became The Conquest of Illyria by the Romans Masters of Illyria by defeating Gentius King of that Country and also of Macedonia which they took from Perseus who was carried in Triumph to Rome by the Consul Paulus Aemilius Of the World 3838 before Ch. 168. Judas Maccabeus that Illustrious Jew Judas Maccabeus revenged the Injuries done to his Nation upon the Lieutenants of Antiochus who preparing to enter into Judea against Maccabeus The Death of Antiochus Epiphanes met with an unfortunate End described in the Book of the Maccabees and in those of Josephus Of the World 3840 before Ch. 164. His Son Antiochus Eupater succeeded him at Nine Years of Age and was under the Tuition of Lysias his Father's Friend But two Years after the Guardian and his Pupil were killed by Demetrius Son of Seleucus who being escap'd from Rome was acknowledg'd King by the Syrians Of the Kings of Syria World 3842 before Ch. 162. His Lieutenants with an Army of Forty thousand Men overwhelmed Judas Maccabeus The Death of Judas Maccabeus who had the Courage to meet them only with Eight hundred Men. He had for his Successor to Command the Jewish Army his Brother Jonathas Of the World 3843 before Ch. 161. Alexander Balas calling himself the Son of Antiochus Epiphanes made himself Master of Syria having killed in Battle his Cousin Demetrius Soter This new King was a Friend to Jonathas Jonathas High-Priest by which means he obtained the Dignity of High-Priest and deposed the wicked Alcymius who had taken that Title upon him Onias Son to Onias the Great finding himself by this means excluded from this The Affairs of the Jews Soveraign Dignity in Jerusalem retir'd to exercise it in Aegypt among the Jews who lived there Having obtained of Philometer leave to build a Temple near Memphis not unlike that of Jerusalem Of the World 3856 before Ch. 148. A false Philip not long before had been A false Philip. driven out of Macedonia by the Romans they soon after had the same advantage A false Perseus over a false Perseus And the Achaians by favouring the latter exposed their Country to the Victorious Arms of the Romans This War ended by the Ruine of Corinth The Ruine of Corinth Polybius under the Consul Mumius Polybius a Native of that City who had followed his Disciple Scipio Aemilianus into Africk hearing of the Misfortune of his Country went thither to save some Remains of its ancient and precious Monuments Of the World 3858 before Ch. 146. The same Year was also remarkable for The Ruinâ— of Carthage Scipio Aemilianus Africanus the Destruction of Carthage Scipio Aemilianus took it and destroyed it by the Order of the Senate The third and last Punick War ending in that manner who at the same time acquired the Sur-name of Africanus as his Father by Adoption had done This happen'd in the third Year of the 158th Olimpiad Ptolomy Phylometer took away his Daughter Cleopatra from Balas then killed him in a Battle and gave Cleopatra to Demetrius Kings of Syria Nicator Son of Soter who by that means put himself in possession of the Kingdom of Syria Of the World 3859 before Christ 145. Phylometer being dead a little while after Everietes the Second his Brother married his Widow Cleopatra Sister to them Kings of Aegypt both and killed a Son she had by her first Husband So Everietes Reigned sole King of Aegypt Of the World 3861 before Ch. 143. In Syria Tryphon who was a Friend to Balas made Antiochus the Son of Balas to be acknowledged King at Antioch with so much the less trouble by reason Demetrius Nicator was taken Prisoner in a Battle by the Parthians The vanquish'd being honourably treated by the Victors married Rodoguna Daughter to their King Cleopatra hearing this married Antiochus Sydetes Brother to her Husband Demetrius So Sydetes was acknowledged King of the Syrians having overcome and killed in Battle Tryphon who pretended to the Crown of Syria after he had killed his Pupil young Antiochus Of the World 3866 before Ch. 138. Jonathas had been murthered by this The Jewish Aâ—â—airs Tryphon Symon Brother to Jonathas who succeeded him in the Principality and High-Priesthood of the Jews assisted Sydetes to defeat Tryphon and was killed a while after by his Father-in-Law Ptolomy the Son of Abobus his Son John Hircanus succeeded in his place Of the World 3869 before Ch. 135. The Romans seized on the Treasures
Lepidus who commanded in that Province Of the World 3961. before Ch. 43. But their mutual Interests having obliged them to a Reconciliation in order to revenge the Death of Caesar and to oppose the power of his Murtherers favoured by the Senate these three Men made themselves Masters of the Republick by joining together and forming the famous The Triumvirat Triumvirate so fatal to many illustrious Persons of the Roman Empire Of the World 3962 before Ch. 42. Lepidus one of the Triumvirs stayed in Italy while the other two Octavius and Anothony passed the Seas to make War against Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius who had great Forces in Greece That Affair was ended in a Battle near The Battle of Philippi Philippi in Macedonia Caius Cassius overcome by Anthony killed himself fearing the same fate had fallen on Brutus his Collegue but it fell out contrary he having The Death of Cassius and Brutus had some advantage over Octavius But the next day the two Armys again joining Battle Brutus was defeated and killed himself in Despair Of the World 3964 before Ch. 40. After this Victory the two Conquerers The Alliance between Octavius and Anthony allied themselves by Marriage Octavius Marrying Antonia Daughter to Anthony and Anthony with Octavia Sister to Octavius tho' she was a Widow a little before and with Child by Marcellus her first Husband These two Triumvers having little regard for their Colleague Lepidus divided They divide the Provinces between them between them the Provinces of the Empire Octavius took those of the West and Anthony those of the East Of the World 3968 before Ch. 36. Sextus Pompeius had considerable Forces Sextus Pompeius chiefly Naval on the Coasts of Sicily and all along the Eastern part of Italy Octavius made use of the Forces of Lapidus to Defeat Sextus Pompeius so that this last Son of Pompey the Great being forsaken of all fled into Asia where he fell into His Death the hands of Anthony's Party who killed him After that Octavius having corrupted the Army of Lepidus this Triumvir was reduct being abandoned by all to obey Octavius his Command who banish'd him to a little Island in the Mediteranean Lepidus ' s Death where he died an Exile Anthony having attackt the Parthians Anthonys War a-against the Parthians that War proved fatal to him for he there lost a great part of his Army yet with the remainder he made a safe and honourable Retreat Antigonus Son to Aristobulus by the help of the Parthians was establisht in Judea in the time of the civil War between the Romans but these great Disorders being some what appeased Herod favoured by Anthony his intimate Friend first of all made use of the Forces Ventidius commanded in Syria after that more effectually of those commanded by Sosius with which he besieged and took Jerusalem where The Death of Antigonus Antigonus was who falling into the hands of his Enemys was Beheaded Whereupon Herod having been already declared Herod King of the Jews King of the Jews by the Senate establish'd himself in that Dignity Anthony fell Passionately in Love with Cleopatra Anothony in Love with Cleopatra past his time at Alexandria in a shameful manner while Octavius was preparing to make War against him under pretence of the high Injury his Sister Octavia received by this disloyal Love of Anthony her Husband At last the business being come to an open Rupture the Affairs ended by one Naval Battle between the two Parties it was fought in view of the Promontary of Actium Anthony lost the day by deserting his The Battle of Actium Fleet to follow Cleopatra who retreated with her ships at the beginning of the Fight he followed her to Alexandria whereupon a false report raised by her means that she had killed her self gave himself a mortal Wound but being immediately The Death of Anthony after assured Cleopatra was living he caused himself to be carried where she was and died in her Arms. So Octavius who from that time was Octovius Augustus Master of the Roman Empire called Augustus became sole Master of all that belonged to the Republick it was from that Battle and from the Death of Anthony History begins to reckon the Forty Four Years that Augustus Reigned alone He came frequently after to Alexandria The Death of Cleopatra where having seized on Cleopatra she frustrated his Design notwithstanding all the care he took to preserve her Life Intending her for the chief Ornament of his Triumph to avoid which she killed her self applying a Serpent to her Arm which was brought to her in a Basket of Figs. In her ended the Line of the Ptolomys who had Reigned in Aegypt since the The end of the Kingdom of Aegypt death of Alexander to that time the Kingdom being reduc'd to a Provinee by Augustus He employed the two following years to set in order the Affairs of the East then he returned to Rome where he celebrated three Triumphs that of Actium of Dalmatia Augustus his Triumphs and of Alexandria with that vast Magnificence which had never been shown before After he had been powerfully setled in the Soveraignty he exprest a desire to His Soveranity over all the Empire divest himself of it but the Senate and People inured to servitude hindred him from executing his design whether true or feigned conferring on him excessive Honours with an absolute power over all the Empire Of the World 3977 before Ch. 27. He did not abuse his Power for his Government His Wisdom in Governing was such That the Romans never regretted the loss of their liberty under his Reign The Reputation he required by the clemency of his Government was spread about even to all Foreign Nations of His good Fortune which some of the most Barbarous and most remote courted his Friendship and and Alliance as the Indians but above all the Parthians who not only rendered him the Ensigns taken from him at the defeat of Crassus and that of Anthony with all the Prisoners taken at the last Battle but that which never happened to this Warlike Nation they presented him with two Sons of their King in Hostage as a pledge of their Treaty This great prosperity was only disturbed by some small losses on the Frontiers of the Empire The most considerable and which most afflicted him was the loss of the Legions commanded by Varus in The losâ— of Varus Germany who were surpized and cut in pieces by the Germans But Augustus so happy in all other respects The inward troubles of Augustus had great Domestick Troubles by the irregular conduct of the two Julias Mother and Daughter One his Daughter the other his Grand-daughter by the Death of his two Grand-sons Caius and Lucius whom he had adopted and as it was thought designed them for his Successors to the Empire also by the Death of Drusus Son to his Wife Livia
more than Seventy Antoninus ' â— Death Years From Christ 261. Marcus Aurelius whom Antoninus had Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Successors Anicetus Bishop of Rome Adopted and Lucius Verus Adopted by Aurelius succeeded him Anicetus Bishop of Rome Justin the Apologist for the Christians with a great Number of others were Crowned Martyrs in the Persecution Marcus Aurelius raised up against them From Christ 162. War against the Parthians In the beginning of his Reign he had sent his Colleague to make War against the Parthians but Lucius Verus a debauch'd Man staying at Antioch to take his Pleasures sent his Lieutenants upon that Expedition which proved very successful to the Romans the Parthians having been defeated in many Rencounters From Christ 165. Polycarpus Bishop of Smirna and Disciple St. Polycarp of St. John the Evangelist ended his long Life by a glorious Martyrdom In like manner suffered Photinus Bishop Martyrs of Lyons of Lyons where many of his Flock instructed by him in their Faith received the same Happiness From Christ 167. Lucius Verus died as he came back from Lucius Verus ' s Death Illyria with Marcus Aurelius After his Death Marcus Aurelius found him better dispos'd to receive the Apologies presented Apologies for the Christians to him by Meliton Bishop of Sardis and the Philosopher Athenagâ—ras who so far prevailed to mitigate the Persecution Yet the Idolaters persevered to sacrifice many Christians to their Hate even at Rome Bishops of Rome where Soter Bishop and Successor to Anicetus suffered Martyrdom From Christ 170. The Persecution at length wholly ceased The Persecution ceases by the miraculous help that Aurelius received from Heaven by the fervent Prayers of the Christians which composed a Legion of the Army he had brought to fight against the Macromans This Legion was called the Thunderers The Thundering Legion because it had prevailed with Heaven to extirpate the Barbarians by a Tempest that discharged itself only upon them without falling on the Romans From Christ 173. Nevertheless Aurelius was forc'd to quit that War in order to compose a Civil A Civil War War broke out in Syria by the Pro-Consul Cassius Aurelius having happily concluded it The Exploit of Marcus Aurelius return'd to the Northern Parts against the Germans Panonians and Sarmatians all which he overcame with great Glory He died as he lived with that Constancy Marcus Aurelius ' s Death and Resolution worthy a Stoick Philosopher as he profess'd himself to be From Christ 180. His Son Commodus succeeded him in the Commodus ' s Son and Successor Empire but not in his Vertues The first five Years of his Reign were only remarkable for excessive Debaucheries From Christ 185. However the Church enjoying Peace Eleutherius Successor to Soter Bishop of Bishops of Rome Rome died of a Natural Death He was the first Bishop of that City who died so Many Hereticks disturbed this outward Hereticks Peace by their extravagant Opinions such as were those of the Adamites Abelites Sethites Ophytes and Cainites with others more dangerous as those of Theodâ—sien of Praxeus Hermogenes and of Artemâ—n Enemies to the Divinity of Jesus Christ. Tertullian a Priest of Lyons and Irenaeus Tertullian Irenaeus Bishop of Lyons disputed on the contrary for the true Doctrine by their Learned Works but the first had the Misfortune to yield to the Errors of Montanus and the Encratites The Learned Men who flourish'd since Trajan to this time were Appian Aelian Learned Men. Pausanias Justin the Abreviator of Trogus Pompeius Historians Ptolomy the Geographer Diogenes Laertius Athneus Apuleus Julius Pollux Maximus of Tyre Rhetoricians and Philosophers Marullus the Poet. Among the Christians Egesipus the Historian In the last Seven Years of Commodus the Empire was rendred desolate by the Plague and Famine and Rome particularly by a horrible Fire and by a terrible Earthquake This Monster of a Prince being not in the least reclaimed by all these Calamities still persevered in his most dissolute Debauches till the World being no longer able to suffer them he was poyson'd and Commodus ' s Death then strangled by a Faction of his own Domesticks From Christ 192. Helvius Pertinax chosen by the Conspirators Pertinax his Successor to succeed him was received with Joy by the Senate and People by reason of his good Qualities which recompenc'd the Meanness of his Birth But the Praetorian Bands suffering with Regret the want of those licentious Liberties to which they had been accustomed during the former Reign killed him within less than He is kill'd three Months After that the Murtherers retired and fortified themselves in their Camp crying out That the Empire was to be sold For in effect they bestowed it on Didius Julianus Didius Julianus his Successor who gave them more Money than was offered them by his Competitor Sulpitius Son-in-Law to Pertinax So the Senate and People chose an Emperor after this manner who in himself was very debauch'd From Christ 193. In the mean time three Generals of the Armies were proclaimed Emperors in three Three other Emperors several Provinces Pescenius Niger in Syria Albinus in Great Brittain Septimus Severus in Illyria and Panonia Severus being more politick than the others came into Italy with design as he said to incite the People to Revenge the Death of Pertinax The Senate encouraged by his Conduct Arraigned and Condemned Didius Julianus who was executed The Death of Didius Julianus Severus Emperor so that Severus coming to Rome was there received and acknowledged Emperour by the Senate and People The Year following he went into the East against Niger who was kill'd after The Death of Niger he had been overcome in a Battle in Cilicia From Christ 194. At that time there arose a Dispute touching The Dispute about Easter-Day the Day of the Celebration of Easter between Victor Bishop of Rome and the Bishops of Asia The Bishop of Rome would have it celebrated the Sunday after the 14th of the New Moon of March The others to be celebrated on the 14th of that Moon precisely on that Day of the Week it should happen From thence they were called the Quarto Decimans Quarto Decimans Tho' the Business was of no great Importance yet the learned Church-men were so inflamed by the Dispute that reciprocal Excommunations past between Victor Bishop of Rome and the Asian Bishops From Christ 197. Tho' Severus was overcome by Niger yet he had the good Fortune to defeat Albinus who afterwards killed himself near Thâ— Death of Albinus Lyons the Battle between them was so bloody that the River Arar thereby changed its Colour and was since called Sangone and by abbreviation Saone From Christ 198. The City of Lyons was of Albinus's side even all the Inhabitants were Christians Severus took that occasion to persecute Severus persecutes the Christians St. Ireneus Martyr the Faithful He put
Treves where Gratian his eldest Son then was this young Prince was saluted Emperor Augustus Titles his Father had bestowed on him in his Life-time The Army in Pannonia where the Father Gratian and Valentinian II. Emperors died gave the like Title to the second Son the young Valentinian His eldest Brother Gratian at first was displeased at it but at length he approved of it as well as Valens Uncle to these two Princes The Goths had possess'd themselves of those Countries bordering on Tanais The Huns who came out of Scythia as the others drove them out and forc'd them to make their Abode elsewhere So soon as they were entred into Thrace for that purpose Valens went against them to drive them out but he was overcome by them The Death of Valens in a Battle and being pursued was burnt in a Peasant's Cottage where he was retired From Christ 378. By his Death Gratian finding himself oppress'd with the Weight of Affairs discharg'd himself of half of it by associating Theodosius to the Empire He was Son Theodo 〈…〉 â—ssocâ—ated to the Empire to another Theodosius a Person of high Merit who had rendred considerable Services to the Empire under Valentinian and Valens The Son inheriting the good Qualities of his Father in a short time made himself famous by expelling the Goths from Thrace which they had miserably ravaged after their Victory over Valens From Christ 379. Macedonius Bishop of Constantinople denied Macedonius an Enemy to the Holy Ghost The first Council at Constantinople the Divinity of the Holy Ghost Theodosius a very Orthodox Prince caused a Council to be assembled at Constantinople where the Fathers condemned this Heresie and deposed Macedonius in the place of whom was put Nectarius a Person most worthy of that Dignity In that Council they declared That the Bishop of the second Rome should from that time be the next in Rank to the Bishop of the first and so by Consequence to take place of those of Alexandria and Antioch Maximus Governour of Great Britain The Revolt of Maximus had caused himself there to be proclaimed by the Army then past over into Gaul made himself Master of that Province surprized defeated and killed Gratian The Death of Gratian who had many excellent Qualities and no ill ones Conen Meriadec a British Prince had past Conen Meriadec a British King over the Sea with Maximus and setling himself with the Troops of his own Nation in the Maritime part of Gaul which was afterwards called Little Brittany where he erected a Monarchy almost for twelve Ages From Christ 383. The Death of Damasus Bishop of Rome Bishops of Rome which hapned in that Year did not put an end to the Schism of that Church For tho' Syricius was there chose in the place of Damasius Ursicinus still pretended that his Election was good From Christ 384. Maximus being Master of the Isle of Britain of Gaul and of Spain entred Italy with so great an Army that Valentinian not being in a Condition to make Head against him fled with his Mother Justina to Thessalonica where Theodosius then lay Maximus having likewise reduc'd Italy advanc'd towards Aquilia where he stay'd resolving to wait for Theodosius who was marching towards him to fight him Theodosius being arrived with his Army they fought in two Days two bloody Battles In the last of which Maximus was wholly routed and taken Prisoner Theodosius was willing to save his Life but the Soldiers judging him unworthy of that Favour killed him against the Emperor's Pleasure So that Valentinian was re-establish'd in Maximus overcome and killed the Western Empire which he peaceably enjoyed four Years at the end of which Arbogastus a Gaul one of his principal Commanders discontented because he had taken away some of his Commands caused him to be stifled in his Bed by the The Death of Valentinian II. Grooms of his Bed-Chamber whom he had corrupted to do it This Prince was but Twenty six Years old His Mother Justina being an Arrian had infected him with that Heresie but he renounced it after her Death Arbogastus had that great Power in the Army that he prevailed with the Soldiers Eugenus Tyrant with Arbogastus to proclaim Eugenius Emperor a Man of mean Extraction whom Fortune had raised to great Commands This was the Cause of another Civil War Theodosius spent two Years in making Preparations for it And all that time the Tyrants reigned in the West At length Theodosius march'd against them the Armies met and fought near to Aquilia The Tyrants being defeated Arbogastus killed himself Eugenius being Arbogastus and Eugeneus killed taken Prisoner suffered Death by the Executioner Theodosius did not long enjoy the Fruits of that great Victory which made him sole Master of the Empire He had been for some time troubled with a Dropsie his Disease increasing at Millan where he came after the Defeat of the Tyrants he fell extreamly ill and died in that City at Theodosius ' s Death the Age of Fifty having reigned sixteen Years There was but two things to be blamed in him That he made Laws to deprive Hereticks of their Estates and Liberties unless they would renounce their Errors The other was The Murthering of a great Number of Thessalonians to punish their Insolence who resisted his Power by a Sedition Being reprehended by St. Ambrose for that Cruelty he express'd so great a Repentance for it that his Contrition joyned with his other excellent Vertues may serve for a Pattern to all Christian Princes By his last Will and Testament he divided the Empire between his two Sons Arcadius and Honorius and accordingly Arcadius and Honorius Emperors the eldest took possession of the East the other of the West They were both disturb'd at first with the Revolt of Rufinus a Prefect of the Praetorian Bands who brought an Army of Barbarians into Thrace and of Gildon who plaid the Usurper in Africk but these Disorders were presently quelled by the death of the Traytors Theodosius held the first Oecumenical Council at Constantinople In his time lived St. Austin St Jerome and Claudian the Poet. Syricius Bishop of Rome died after he Bâ—shops of Rome had the Happiness to see the end of thaâ— Schism which the Election of Ursicinuâ— had caused in that Church Syricius was the first who declared against the Marriage of the Clergy From Christ 398. The last Year of this Age saw the rise The Revolt of Gainas and fall of the Revolter Gaianus who was by extraction a Barbarian His great Conduct and Experience in the trade of War had raised him to be General of Honorius his Army the services he had done for him made him pretend to have a Church in Constantinople for those of the Arriaâ— Sect of which he was a favourer which the Emperor refusing by the persuasion of St. John Chrisostom Bishop of Constantinople The disdain to be refused provok'd Caianus to Ravage
Thrace with that Army he commanded this Tumult was as violent as it was short liv'd being extinguish'd in a little time by the death of the Author the Officers of the Army being Loyal to the Emperor From Christ 400. So at the end of that Age both the Empires were at Peace excepting among the Hereticks Monks who contended about different and erronious Opinions There were some who were called Originists Originists who held false Opinions attributed to Origen Anthropomorphites were those who attributed Anthropomorphytes Priscillianists to God a Humane Figure Priscillianists were the followers of Priscilian a Spaniard and a Person of Quality who had received old Errors of the Gnosticks of the Sabellians and the Manicheans This Priscillian was the first who was put to death by the Christians for his Religion after his Errors had been condemned by a Council held at Burdeaux some Bishops inflamed with an outragious Zeal persuaded the Tyrant Maximus to cut off his Head The Photinians followers of Photinus Photinians Bishop of Syrmium were the worst of all the Arrians The Appollinarists had for Apollinarists their Authors the two Appollinarys Father and Son one a Priest and the other a Reader in the Church of Laodicea who denied the Distinction of Persons in the Holy Trinity The Antidichomarianites who denied the Antidichomarianites Collydâ—ans Virginity of the Mother of our Saviour The Collydians on the contrary so called because they offered great Cakes to the Holy Virgin in the way of Sacrifice The Luciferians who were only a sort of Luciferians Schismaticks who refused to Communicate with those of the Communion of Milecius Bishop of Antioch The Fathers of the Church who flourish'd Fathers of the Church in this Age were Macairus the Antient Monk of Aegypt Optatus Bishop oâ— Mileva in Africk Bazilius Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia Gregory his Brother Bishop of Nissena Gregory of Nazianzer Eusebius of Verceil Ambrosius of Millan anâ— Martinus of Tours The Fifth Age. IN the first Year was Born a Son to The Birth of Theodosius Arcadius called Theodosius The next year Died Anastatius Bishop of Bishops of Rome Rome and Successor to Syricius The five following Years were fatal to the two Empires to the Western part by the Ravaging of the Vandalls who entered there under the Command of Godegisil Godegisil King of the Vandalls their King To the Eastern by the persecution of Eudoxa Wife to the Emperor Arcadius against St. Chrysostome Bishop of Constantinople even St. Epiphanius Bishop of St. Epiphanes Salamina in Ciprus with most of the Eastern Bishops who oppos'd him in complaisance to the Empress and depos'd him in an Assembly held at Constantinople upon the result of which he was sent into Exile The Death of Sâ— Chrisostome The death of Arcadius Theodotius the Second where he died of the Miserys they made him endure From Christ 407. Arcadius died at the Age of Thirty Two Years leaving his Son Theodosius about Seven Years Old under the Protection of Isdigerdes King of Persia who acquitted himself of that Charge with great care and fidelity From Christ 408. At that time flourish'd Ausonius a Gaule Learned Men. Prudetius a Spaniard Venantius Portunatus an Italian but Bishop of Poiters who were as well Poets as Christians In the West Honorius having put to The death of Stillicon Alaric King of the Goths Rome twice taken Death his Father-in-law Stilicon accused to have held Intelligence with Alaric King of the Goths That King revenged his Death with great Cruelty for in the two following Years he twice took Rome and laid it waste in a most desolate manner then adding Mockery to his Cruelty he gave the Title and Ornaments of Emperor to one Attalus a man of obscure Birth and Attalus the false Emperor then divested him of them when he was disgusted with him From Christ 410. Honorius was at Ravenna and saw all these lamentable and shameful Miseries not being able to redress them but the The death of Alaric Astolfus his Successor death of Alaric gave him some respite Astolfus or Adolphus Successor to Alaric made a Peace with the Romans upon conditions that Honorius should consent to Marry his Sister Placidia with Astolfus and that the King should Reign quiet Possessor of that part of Gaule called Narbonensis which Alaric had conquered From Christ 411. So Honorius being no longer disturbed by this so formidable power found the means to chastize by his Lieutenants three The Tyâ—ants p 〈…〉 sh'd Tyrants who in the time of the last Miserys in Italy had took on them the Title of Emperors viz. Constantine with Jovian his Son in Gaule Maximin in Spain and Heraclian in Italy But he could not hinder several Foreign Nations to establish themselves powerfully in many of the principal Western Provinces which they had invaded and was forc'd to suffer the Sweves in Andalouzia Sweves Vandalls and Allains in Spain Burgundians in Gaule the Vandals and the Allains in part of Baetica which from their name was also called Andalouzia he was constrain'd to give the like suffrance to the Burgundians who had posted themselves in that part of Gaule which from their Name is still call'd Burgundy The Huns who could not possibly Huns in Panonia be driven out of Pannonia gave the Name of Hungary to that Province Astolfus having broke his Peace with the Romans was forc'd again to begit of them by the great advantages that Cantance a Lieutenant General of Honorius had gain'd over them but the Goths thinking this Peace disgraceful to them kill'd Astolfus who had made it and put in his place Kings of the Goths Sigerie who dying about a Year after had Vallius to succeed him who agreed with Honorius on reasonable conditions which pleas'd the Goths to wit That besides that part of Gaule called Narbonensis they should have a part of the Country of Spain which bordered on the Mediteranean From Christ 415. Innocentius Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishop of Rome Anastatius died Zozimus who succeeded Innocentius held the See but Sixteen Months After his Death there arose a Schism in that Church between Boniface A Schism in the Church of Rome and Eulalius both chosen by a party of the Clergy and the People From Christ 418. The French descended from Chersonesus Cimbrike advanc'd towards the Maine and gave to the Country where that River passes the name of Franconia which it still retains Pharamond King of the French The death of St. Jerome They chose for their King Pharamond who is recorded to have been the first King of that Nation From Christ 420. St. Jerome a very Learned Person in the Holy Scripture and the Hebrew Language died at Bethlem where he retired himself from Rome He had been Secretarâ— to Pope Damasus but being Secandalized at the Luxury of the Roman Clergy he went over to Palestine where he lived a
Auvergne his Native Country to live there as a private Person expressing a great Mark of his Moderation and Temper Martian a good and pious Prince died The Death of Martian as he was designing to redress the Troubles of the Western Empire The Senate and People of Constantinople Leon Emperor put in his place Leon who highly deserv'd that Sovereignty He took presently a Colleague who was endued with the same Qualities He was Najoranus Emperor called Majoranus whom he sent into the West to settle Affairs there in the best Order after the miserable Ruines the Barbarians had made All which he effected for he repaired the City of Rome setled all His Exploits things in very good Order and Peace in the Provinces then past over into Africk against Genseric whom he defeated in many Rencounters besieged in Carthage and had by taking that City given Satisfaction for the Disgrace of Rome if Sickness had not surpriz'd him being forc'd to raise the Siege and to go back into Italy His Death He was there kill'd by Rycimer who being originally a Barbarian had been raised to the Dignity of Patrician by the Emperor Leon and in regard he commanded the Army that was come with Majoranus it was not difficult for him to kill this good and brave Prince and to put in his place the Senator Severus who came along with Severus Emperor him into Italy From Christ 461. In the same Year died Leo Bishop of Rome Bishop of Rome Sur-named the Great as well for his extraordinary good Qualities as also because he had done more than any of his Predecessors to establish more and more the Grandeur of his See The same Rycimer who had killed Majoranus The Death of Severus killed also his Successor Severus who was very much regretted by the Romans because he had spent the four Years of his Reign in making War against the Barbarians After his Death the Western Empire was two Years without an Emperor at length Anthemius was sent there in that Anthemius Emperor Bishops of Rome Quality The same Year he arrived at Rome Hillarius Successor to Leon died there In the five following Years they made most unfortunately a War against Genseric A War against Genseric which was occasioned by the Cowardize of Basiliscus Brother-in-Law to Leon to whom that Emperor had given the Command of his Army The same Rycimer who had killed Majoranus and Severus murthered also Anthemius Anthemius killed Olibrius Emperor and Rycimer dying soon after Olibrius succeeded Anthemius having married Placidia after she had been set at Liberty and was sent back into Italy by Genseric A little while after Olibrius being dead The Death of Olibrius Gondibar Grand-son to Rycimer and Successor in his Royal Power raised to the Empire Glycericus who had a great Employ Glicerius Emperor in the Court of the last Emperors The Emperor Leo died leaving his Grandson The Death of Leo. to Reign in his place under the Tutelage of Zeno an Isaurian Father of the young Prince whose Mother was Ariadne Daughter to Leon. Some time before there was sent into Italy in the Quality of Emperor Nepos a Nepos Emperor Person of high Birth Upon his Arrival at Rome Glicerius willingly resigned the Empire to him and retired to Salona in Dalmatia where he was Bishop From Christ 475. Orestes a Goth by Nation and Lieutenant to Nepos in Gaul revolted against The Revolt of Orestes him came into Italy and forc'd him from thence He retired to Salona to Glicerius so he left the Empire of the West to be dispos'd of by Orestes Who there plac'd his Son Momillus to whom he gave the Name of Romulus The Romans in derision called him Augustulus They had so Augustulus Emperor great a Disdain and Hatred for the Father and Son they sent for Odoacres King of the Herules He came conquered took Orestes killed Prisoner and put to Death Orestes Then the Romans having acknowledged him for their Chief Odoacres put Augustulus into Augustulus in Prison Prison where he spent the Remainder of his Days From Christ 476. So Odoacres being Master of Italy the Odoacres King of Italy Title of Emperor was there changed to that of King contrary to the last Will and Testament of the Emperor Leo. The great Zeno his Son-in-Law had Basiliscus Emperor taken the Title of Emperor Basiliscus Brother-in-Law to Leo assumed it also and drove Zeno out of Constantinople But for a short time for Zeno soon after re-establish'd himself there and expelled Basiliscus again From Christ 477. Hunric succeeded his Father Genseric King Genseric dies Hunric his Successor of the Vandals in Africk who died that Year having Reigned Thirty eight Years in which time he had much embroiled the Empire He gave as great Disturbance to the Church for being a fierce Arrian he most cruelly persecuted the Orthodox As may be read in the History which Victor Victor of Utica of Utica has writ of that Persecution There has been already mentioned the Establishment of the French Monarchy Kings of the French under Pharamond their first King Clodion had succeeded him Sur-named Le Cheveleux from the Custom he introduc'd among the Princes of that Nation to wear long Hair He had past the Rhine and gained remarkable Victories on the other side of that River He was afterwards driven out by the Romans and died as he was preparing to repass the Rhine Meroveus his Successor was firmly establish'd in Gaul by the Defeat of Attyla and by the Death of Aetius so that a part of that Country began to be called France since the time of that King's Reign from whose Name also those of the first Line were stiled Merovingians He died and left a vast Dominion to his Son Childeric The Adventures of this King are Recorded in the History of France where may be seen that after he had been Dethroned and Re-establish'd he considerably enlarged his Kingdom and left it in a very flourishing Condition to his Son Clouis From Christ 482. Simplitius Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishops of Rome Hillarius died From Christ 483. The Emperor Zeno falling into a Fit of Zeno ' s Death the Epilepsie his Wife Ariadne caused him to be buried for dead and the Vault to be closed up being come out of his Fit he died there most miserably crying out for help but all in vain For the Empress had plac'd Guards near the Tomb to hinder any from taking him out Soon after Anastatius doubly filled his Anastatius Emperor place in his Bed by marrying Ariadne and in his Throne to which he was raised by the means of that Empress From Christ 491. Faelix Bishop of Rome Successor to Simplicius Bishops of Rome died He had condemned two Peters one of which was Bishop of Alexandria Sur-named Mungus the other of Antioch called Fullon Favourers of the Theopaschytes Spawns
short time For Frediganda caused him to be killed by Landry de la Tour her Gallant to prevent Landry de la Tour. the Effects of the Kings just displeasure who had discovered the Intreagues of Fredigunda and Landry Chilperic had put to death Meroveus and Clovis whom he had by his Wife Audery so Clotaire the second whom he had by Fredegunda Fredegunda succeeded him On the other side Gontrian King of Orleans dying without Children let by his last Testament his Dominions to his other Nephew Childebart King of Austrasia who by what was left him becoming very powerful made a resolution to revenge the death of his Father on Fredegunda but he was overcome in Battle by her who was there present holding in her Arms the Young Clotaire Childebert being deeply perplex'd and asham'd to have been overcome by a Woman fell sick and died leaving two Sons Theodobert King of Austrasia and Thierry King of Burgundia both of them under Brunehault the care of Brunehâ—ult their Grandmother the Widow of Sigebert King of Austrasia So all the French Monarky being Govern'd by two Women one as wicked as the other it was not long before they fell out Fredegunda was the more Fortunate for she had always great Success in War against Brunehault so that she left her Son Clotaire in quiet Possession of the Kingdoms of Paris and Soissons This Woman though she was guilty of many Crimes yet died a natural Death Aigulphus King of the Lombards had made Peace with the Exark in Italy the Emperor Mauritius also concluded a Peace with Cosroes the Son Successor and Murtherer of his Father Hormisdas and in France Brunehauld lost her credit with her two Grandsons The three Kings lived in great Amity so that there was a A General Peace General Peace at the end of this Century From Christ 600. The learned Men who lived at that The Learned Men. Jornandes time were Jornandes a Gothish Bishop who Writ the History of the Wars between his Nation and the Romans Agathyas Agathyas a Grecian Writ the History of Justin and of Justinian with the Exploits of Bellisarius and Narses Count Marcellinus composed the Annals Marcellinus from the death of Valens to the 20th Year of Justinian Evagrius the Ecclesiastical Evagrius History from the time where Zozomenus ended to the 12th year of Mauritius Gregory Gregory of Tours Bishop of Tours the History of the French from the beginning of their Monarky to the end of this Age. The Seventh Age. THe Sclavonians a people of Scythia The Sclavonians past the Danube and and possest several Provinces of the Empire from whence they were expelled by an Army which the Emperor Mauritius sent against them but this victorious Army having Mutined proclaim'd Phocas Emperor one Phocas Emperor of their chief Leaders This Rebel marched presently to Constantinople and made himself Master of it where he seized on The Death of Mauritius the Emperor Mauritius and cut off his Head From Christ 603. After he had done the same to his Children before their Fathers Eyes which he endured with a Resignation and Patience most like a Christian He was â— Prince worthy of high esteem for his great Qualitys had he not dishonour'd them by his extream Avarice of which he gave a most cruel Example upon an occasion where he suffered a great number of Prisoners taken by the Sclavonians to be slaughtered rather then he would ransome them at a Crown a head the Sclavonians offering to release them for that price Gregory Bishop of Rome called the Great Gregory the Great Bishop of Rome Successor to Pelagius the second died Among his Works there are somethings very curious others tainted with Superstition which began to be introduc'd into the Church It is also markt of him that he refused to explain the Maximes of Christianity he is likewise much blamed for the flattering ways he used to Phocas who was rather look'd on as a Tyrant then a lawful Emperor From Christ 604. The Native Britans had been Christians for three or four Centurys but the English The affairs of England Saxons who had been Masters of that Island for a Hundred and Fifty Years were Pagans They had divided their Conquests into several Monarkys Ethelbert King Ethelbert turnâ—d Christian King of Mercia which was the greatest of those Kingdoms by the perswasion of Birtha his Wife a French Princess was very willing to embrace Christianity upon which Gregory sent him Augustin the Augustin the Monk sent into England Monk with some others who Baptized him and introduced as much as they could possibly the Ceremonies of Rome into that Church which the Ancient Brittish Bishops fiercly opposed From Christ 605. Sabinianus Bishop of Rome and Successor Bishopâ— of Rome to Gregory was remarkable for nothing but for his hatred he exprest against the Memory of his Predecessor and for his most sordid Avarice There was a Years interval between his Death and the Election of Boniface the Third and ten Months from the Death of that Boniface and the choosing of Boniface the Fourth From Christ 607. In the time of Gregory John called the Younger Bishop of Constantinople had assumed The Title of universal Bishop the Title of Universal Bishop Gregory had reprehended him for it in very sharp Terms alledging that this haughty Title could not be usurp'd by any one but the Forerunner of Antichrist In the mean time the two Bonifaces who succeeded Gregory address'd themselves to Phocas to obtain that Title to which he complied on Condition that they should acknowledge him lawful Emperor So that the Roman Pontificate may be said to have obtain'd the Title of Head of the Church not from St. Peter but from the Emperor Phocas The Tyrannick Government of this Usurper Phocas killed provok'd at last the Grandees of the Empire to kill him The Conspirators set up in his place Heraclius one of the Heraclius chiefest among them From Christ 610. Theodebert King of Austrasia scandaliz'd at the most dissolute Life of his Grandmother Kings of the French Brunehauld banish'd her his Court She being retired to the Court of her other Grandson Thierry King of Burgundy perswaded him that Theodebert was not the Son of Childebert which made a War between the two Brothers where Theodebert was killed Not long after Brunehauld disgusted by Thierry poyson'd him and set up for King one of his Bastards But The Death of Brunehault the Nobility of the two Kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy not being able longer to suffer this most wicked Woman delivered her up to Clotaire who punish'd her as her most heinous Crimes deserved So all the Royal Members of the French Monarchy were re-united under one Chief Clotair the Second From Christ 614. John the Exarch was slain by the People enraged against him for laying too The affairs of Italy heavy Taxes on them Eleutherius
the Western part of France who also became King of the Easterns or Austrasia by the Death of Sigebert who left no Sons Clotaire the Third had for his Successor his Son Childeric and he his Son Thyerry From Christ 667. Constant died in Sicily His Son Constantine The Death of Constant Constantine IV. called Pogonat Mizizius the Usurper the Fourth called Pogonat or the Bearded Prince being come to Constantinople did overcome and kill Mizizius who had usurp'd the Imperial Throne in the absence of the Emperor So Constantine was acknowledg'd Emperor by the Senate and People Adeodatus succeeded Vitalian in the See Popes of Rome From Christ 669. The Saracens who possess'd Syracusa in The Saracens repuls'd before Constantinople Sicily twice besieged Constantinople in one Year and were as oft repuls'd with very great loss of their Army and Ships From Christ 672. Adeodatus had for his Successor Domnus Popes and after him Agathon all three were so inconsiderable that History only names them without any Remarks excepting the last who obtained of Constantine to be exempt from paying a certain Sum which the Emperors required of the Popes and to have leave to be Consecrated From Christ 678. Constantine called a Council at Constantinople against the Monothelites where their A Council at Constantinople Errors were condemned All those Bishops and Priests who were infected with it were deposed and the Memory of the Dead who had asserted them were Anathematized among the rest that of Pope Honorius From Christ 680. Agathon had to succeed him Leo the 2d There were two Things of him not unworthy Popes to be observed one That he forbid to take from that time Money as his Predecessors had used for the Pallium which they sent to Arch-Bishops The other He put an end to the Schism which had been a long time between the Church of Rome and that of Ravenna He had obtained of the Emperor That the Arch-Bishops of Ravenna should from that time be always Consecrated at Rome Benedict the Second prevailed also with Constantine That the Popes should from that time be Consecrated without waiting for the Emperor's Permission From Christ 684. Constantine died this Year and Justinian Justinian II. the Second his Son succeeded him From Christ 685. John the Fifth Conon and Sergius succeeded Popes one after the other in the space of less than Two Years From Christ 687. Abdelemech the Caliph took possession Abdelmelech Caliph of Armenia and ravaged the Oriental Provinces of the Empire From Christ 693. Leontius usurp'd the Throne and expell'd Justinian and after he had cut off his Nose banish'd him into the Taurick Chersonese From Christ 694. The Army that Leontius sent into Africk against the Saracens revolted and proclaimed for Emperor one of their Chiefs named Tiberius Absimarus who being Absimarus deposes Leontius come to Constantinople deposed Leontius and plac'd himself in the Throne having cut off his Nose as he had done to Justinian Cracus Duke of the Sarmatians or Cracovia founded Polanders founded Cracovia From Christ 398. In France succeeded to Thierry one after Kings of France the other his Sons Childebert the Second and Clouis the Third From Christ 700. The Eighth Age. JOHN the Sixth succeeded Sergius in Popes the See of Rome Justinian escap'd out of Prison and being Justinian re-establish'd supplied with the Forces of the Avarians and Bulgarians took Constantinople put himself again in possession of the Empire cut off the Heads of Leontius and Leontius and Absimares beheaded Absimares and imprisoned all those who abetted to depose him and by degrees he treated them all in the same manner as they had served him that is he caused their Noses to be cut off From Christ 704. Aripert King of the Lombards gave to Pope John the Seventh Successor to John Popes the Sixth the Alps. Justinian assembled at Constantinople the A Council in Trullo Council called In Trullo from one of the Halls in the Imperial Palace where it was held The Greeks called that Council the Sixth because they did nothing but only confirmed the Condemnation that had been before made against the Monothelites From Christ 707. Pope Zizinnius succeeded John the Seventh Popes and Constantine succeeded him From Christ 708. Justinian under pretence he had been ill treated in his Exile by the Inhabitants of the Taurica Chersonesus took a most cruel Revenge of them which made them to revolt against him under the Conduct Philippicus Emperor of Patricius Philippicus their Governour who found means to kill Justinian and to Justinian killed set up himself in his place From Christ 713. A little while after Philippicus had his Anastatius Artemius Emperor Eyes put out by his Secretary Anastatius Artemius who thus raised himself to the Imperial Throne Roderic King of the Wisigoths in Spain The end of the Kings of the Wisigoths in Spain having ravish'd the Wife of Count Julian Governour of those Places this King possest on the Coasts of Africk The injur'd Husband being enraged to revenge himself brought the Saracens into Spain of which they became Masters in a short time having overcome and killed Roderic in Battle From Christ 714. Theodosius Treasurer of the Army which Theodosius III. Emperor Anastatius sent to Rhodes against the Saracens is proclaimed Emperor by that Army with which the new Prince being come to Constantinople he seized upon Anastatius caused him to be shaved and to be shut up in a Cloyster and so Theodosius the Third possess'd himself of the Empire From Christ 715. But the Army that made War in Armenia Leo II. Emperor proclaimed Emperor Leo Isauricus their General who vanquish'd Theodosius in a Battle Upon which this Theodosius divesting himself of the Empire was made a Priest and Leo was acknowledg'd Emperor by the Senate and People of Constantinople In the two following Years the Saracens The Saracens defeated before Constantinople twice attack'd Constantinople But Leo forc'd them to retire back the first time and at the second he totally routed their Army From Christ 718. The Saracens being possess'd of Rhodes and the greatest part of Sicily in that very same Year likewise made themselves Masters of Sardinin It was credibly reported that the Body of St. Augustine was The Relicks of St. Augustine buried in that Island it having been brought thither from Africk Luitprand King of the Lombards bought it at a great Price of the Saracens From Christ 720. In France Dagobert the Second had succeeded his Father Childebert and the Successor to Dagobert was one Daniel who was Kings of France called Chiâ—peric to whom succeeded Thierry de Chelles Under the Name of these Fantoms of Kings Charles Surnamed Martel Charles Martel had the Sovereign Administration of the Kingdom with the Title of Prince or Duke of the French He was Bastard-Son to Pepin who had been Maior of the Palace
under the Kings Predecessors to those before named Gregory the Second having succeeded Popes Pope Constantine excommunicates and declares Leo to have forfeited his Right to the Empire because this Emperor had A Quarrel about Images made a Law against Worshipping of Images which was introduc'd into the Greek Church In consequence of the Pope's Excommunication Luitprand King of the Lombards being in League with Gregory seized on the Exarchat of Ravenna the Exarch and almost all the Emperor's Officers having been killed in that War The King of Lombardy and the Pope divided between them the conquered Towns From Christ 729. A great Number of the Saracens of Spain The Saracens defeated near Tours in a Battle having past into France under the Command of Abderacmanus or Abderamus Charles Martel defeated them near Toursin a Battle where Abderamus was killed with more than Three hundred thousand of his Soldiers From Christ 430. The Quarrel about Images depending Gregory the Third Successor to Gregory the Popes Second continued to maintain their Worship against the Emperor Leo. After the Death of Thierry Titular King The Affairs of France Thâ—â— pâ—oâ—ts of Charles Martel of France there were six or seven Years of an Interregnum Charles Martel in the mean time possess'd of the whole Sovereign Power and Authority forced Eude Duke of Aquitain with his Sons and Successors Hunaut and Hatton to pay him Homage He drove out the Saracens from Provence and the Lower Languâ—doâ— and pursued his Conquests against them into the midst of Spain In that Country Pelagius as he said was descended from the ancient Kings of the Wâ—sigoths and had set up himself against the Saracens in the Mountains of Asturia as likewise did his Son Favila who left his small Dominions to Alphonso his Brother-in-Law who found means to aggrandize himself by the Advantages Charles Martel had gained over the Saracens From Christ 740. The Emperor Leo died His Memory The Death of Leo. has been as much calumniated by the Image-Worshippers as it was revered by the contrary Party The Historians of his time applaud him for many Virtues and say he was a Religious Observer of the six first Councils Constantine the Fifth Sur-named Capronimus Constantine Capronimus succeeds Leo. Popes his Son succeeded him From Christ 741. Gregory the Third died he was fallen out with Luytprand K. of the Lombards who had besieged him at Rome and had taken him there had it not been by the Intercession of Charles Martel whose Help the Pope implored and at the same time sent him the Keys of the Sepulcher of St. Peter with the Title of Patrician Gregory had to succeed him Zachariâ—s In that time lived John Damascene and Beda The Death of Charles Martel Hâ—â—â—â—ree Sons Charles Martel died He was so powerful that he left his Three Sons Ca 〈…〉 an Pâ—pin and Grypho Masters of the Kingdom of France From Christ 742. Artabasades Brother-in-Law to Constantine Artabasades Revolt punish'd caused himself to be proclaimed Emperor at Constantinople where re-assuming his Authority he seized on the Usurper and ordered his Eyes to be put out Hildebrand Grand-Son to Luytprand King Kings of the Lombards of the Lombards was by them deposed and Rachis set up in his place From Christ 743. This Prince compil'd a Supplement to the Laws of that Nation He made himself a Monk upon which the Lombards substituted Aistulphus Carloman turning also a Monk the sole Pepin sole Monarch of France Power of the French Monarchy devolved to Pepin Grypho being so inconsiderable that they made no Account of him From Christ 750. At length Pepin was solemnly declared He is declared King King by an Assembly of the principal of that Nation After the Death of his Father he had given the Title of King to Childeric who was said to be of the Blood Royal. This wretched Fantom was shaved and put into a Monastery From Christ 752. Pope Zacharias died He had consented Popeâ— to all that was done in France He was neither a skilful Geographer nor a learned Theologian For as to the first he excommunicated a Bishop for asserting there were Antipodes And for the second he held the Opinion of the Jews in what related to the eating of clean or unclean Meat Constantine caused a Council to be held Tâ—â— Council condâ—mned Images at Constantinople where the Worship of Images was condemned From Christ 754. Alstulphus King of the Lombards having taken Ravenna Pope Stephen the Second came into France to implore Help of Pepin This King going into Italy forc'd the Pepin in Italy King of the Lombards to restore what he had taken From Christ 756. Hunau't Duke of Aquitain being turned Monk and Giafre his Son refusing to pay Homage to Pepin this Prince compelled him to do his Duty Pope Paul had succeeded his Brother Popes Stephen the Second Paul being dead Toto Duke of Nepesinum set up by Force in that See his Brother Constantine At the same time an opposite Faction chose one Philip And a Third Faction Stephen the Third of that Name whose Faction being the strongest prevailed and sent Philip back to the Monastry whence he was taken and caused the Eyes of Constantine to be put out There be those also who write that he was burnt by the Priests of a Synod where he had been deposed From Christ 768. Pepin died leaving Neustria to Charles 〈◊〉 Death 〈◊〉 Pâ—pin his eldest Son and Austrasia to his younger Son Carloman From Christ 769. Carloman having lived but two Years after his Father all the French Monarchy descended to Charlemain so called for his high Merit and great Actions From Christ 771. After Stephen the Third Adrian was Popes Pope who being at Difference with Dedier King of the Lombards Successor to Aistulphus this King divested him of the greatest part of the Exarchat of Ravenna The Pope had recourse to Charlemain who past into Italy and in the space of two Years having had great Success over Dedier at last took him in Pavia which put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards after it had lasted above Two hundred Years Dedier died in France where he was sent Prisoner From Christ 774. Charlemain being victorious made himself Charlemain King of Italy to be Crowned King of Italy by the Arch-Bishop of Millan in a little Town called Monza where was kept the Iron The Iron Crown Crown of the ancient Kings of Lombardy The Emperor Constantine died leaving The Death of Constantine his Memory to be detested by the Image-Worshippers and to be honoured by those who opposed that Worship His Son and Successor Leo the Fourth Leo IV. his Son and Successor followed his Father's Opinion in that Point From Christ 775. Adalgize the Son of Dedier having by Adalgize the Son of Dedyer drivec ouâ— of Italy by Charlemain the Assistance of the Emperor Leo regain'd part of Lombardy Charlemain
returned thither drove out Adalgize and recovered all he had taken From Christ 776. Charlemain made his first Expedition against His first War against the Saxons the Saxons which was attended with his usual good Success In an Assembly held by him at Paderburn he was importun'd to pass into Spain Against the Saracens in Spain against the Saracens by Adala one of their Kings who was at Difference with the other Kings of that Country From Christ 777. Charlemain went thither where he conquered all the Country that lies along the Pyreneans from one Sea to the other containing Navarre Arragon and Catalonia yet he received a Check in his return at the Pass of Roncevaux in the Pyreneans where he lost among others his Nephew Orlando killed the famous Orlando The Saxons having been often beaten Vindikind Duke of the Saxons and as often reduc'd at last submitted themselves embracing Christianity with their brave Duke Vindikind The Emperor Leo the Fourth died in The Death of Leo IV. high Esteem with those who were against Worshipping of Images and on the contrary as much condemned by those who favoured it His Son and Successor Constantine the Sixth called Porphyrogenitus being not above Constantine VI. Irene his Mother Nine Years old was left under the Tutelage of his Mother Irene From Christ 780. She called together a Council at Nice The Second Council at Nice for Images to establish the Worship of Images which was done by a Concert between the Eastern Bishops of Irene's Party and the Legates of Pope Adrian From Christ 787. Charlemain caused a Council to be assembled The Council at Franckfort against Images at Franckfort on the Main where he was present with Three hundred Bishops from all parts of the West who condemned the Worship of Images Nor did Pope Adrian whose Legates were there oppose this Condemnation From Christ 794. This Pope died having sate in the Papal Popes Chair Twenty four Years In all which time he managed himself so dextrously between the two great Powers of Christendom that he was equally esteemed by both tho' their Interests and Sentiments were very different especially in what related to Images Pope Leo III. his Successor demanded and obtained of Charlemain to be confirmed in his Election From Christ 796. Constantine being grown up a Man Irene Irene ' s Cruelty to her Son his Mother finding she could no longer support her Authority in the Government in a Rage put out her Son's Eyes Heaven was so highly incens'd at this horrid Cruelty that for Seventeen Days Constantinople was deprived of the Light of the Sun From Christ 797. Pope Leo having been put in Prison by his Predecessor's Kindred who accused him of many Crimes the Commissaries of Charlemain releas'd him He then came into France to justifie himself before Charlemain The King sent him back to Rome where he also went himself in the last Year of this Century to be fully informed of that Affair The Pope clear'd himself by his Oath which the King made him take This being done the Romans proclaimed Charlemain Emperor King Charlemain Emperor the Pope with the chief of the City payed him Homage on their Knees From Christ 800. The Ninth Age. THE Senate and People of Constantinople wearied with the ill Government of a very perverse unnatural Woman Irene expelled Nicephorus Emperor The Treaty between him and Charlemain expelled Irene and plac'd on the Imperial Throne Nicephorus one of the chief Officers of the Court. Charlemain treated with Nicephorus about the Rights and Laws of the Empire The two Emperors agreed to divide the Titles and Priviledges of their Empires so that Charles and his Successors should have the Western Parts as Nicephorus and his Successors the Eastern From Christ 803. The Seven following Years were peaceable in the West on the contrary in the East the Caliph Aaron waged War so successfully A disadvantageous Peace with the Caliph th 〈…〉 e forc'd Nicephorus to demand a Peace disgraceful to him and the Empire For by the Articles he was obliged to pay a Tribute to the Caliph and particularly for his Head and for the Head Nicephorus killed Michael Curopalatus Emperor and made himself a Monk of his Son Stauratius From Christ 810. Nicephorus was killed in a Battle against the Bulgarians his Son Stauratius being dangerously wounded fled to Constantinople But he was there compelled to resign the Empire to Michael Curopalatus who enjoyed it but two Years for in an extream Fit of Melancholly occasioned by his being overcome by the Bulgarians he turned Monk and Leo the Fifth an Armenian Leo V Emperor made Emperor of the East in his place From Christ 813. The Emperor Charlemain died in the The Death of Charlemain Seventy Second Year of his Age and the Forty Eighth of his Reign in France and the Fourteenth of his Emperialship A Prince endued with all the greatest Qualities could be desir'd in a Monarch except his Incontinence He was greatly learn'd he had for his Tutor the famous The University of Paris founded Grimbaud founded Oxford and Cambridge Kings of England Alcuin an English-man who 't is said was the first Founder of the University of Paris as also that Grimbaud his Disciple went over into England and laid the Foundations of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge From Christ 814. England was become one sole Monarchy under King Egbart Edgar his Successor reigned at that time It was he who sent for Grimbaud upoâ—â—â—e Occasion before-mentioned Of three lawful Sons that Charlemain The Three Sons of Charlemain had Charles the eldest died without Issue Pepin who died before his Father had left his Son Bernard to succeed him in the Kingdom of Italy Louis the Debonair Emperor and King of France Louis Sur-named The Debonair enjoyed all the rest with the Title of Emperor and King of France Pope Leo the Third had for his Successor Popes Stephen the Fourth who did not wait to be confirmed by Louis but came presently into France and Crowned Louis at Rheims This Pope died and had Pascall for his Successor From Christ 817. Bernard King of Italy attempted to dethrone his Uncle Lewis but this young Prince being abondoned by all his adherents came and threw himself at his Unkles feet but this Louis so Debonair and Clement to all others was not at all so to his Nephew for he most cruelly caused his Eyes to be put out of which he soon after died From Christ 818. The Death of Bernard King of Italy Michael Balbus Emperor At Constantinople Michael Balbus a great person in the Court but of obfcure Parentage convicted of Treason for which he was condemned to dye found means to escape out of Prison and to kill the Emperor Leo and to set himself on his Throne Pascall died he had acquitted himself Popes by his Oath of the Accusation made against him to have put to death
Months by Sergius assisted by the Famous Marozia Wife to Guy Marâ—zia Marquis of Tuscany From Christ 906. Rollo Duke of the Normans made himself Rollo Duke of Normandy Master of the Country which from the Name of that Nation is still called Normandy Charles the Simple not being able to hinder him of it yielded it to him with the Title of Dukedom and gave him his Daughter Gizellâ— iâ— Marriage From Christ 909. The Famous Abby of Cluny was founded The Abbey of Cluny near Maconois by William the Merciful Lord of that Country Count of Auvergne and Duke of Aquitain From Christ 910. Sergius infamous for his Debauch'd Life Popes with Marozia being dead Anastatius the Third succeeded him many Crowned Heads dyed that Year From Christ 911. The First King of Burgundy to whom succeeded Racul the Second his Son In Italy the Emperor Lambert left Berenger the Second to possess that Title Lewis in Germany the last Sovereign in that Kingdom of the Male-Line of Charlemain left only two Daughters the first Marryed to Conrade Duke of Franconia the second to Henry called L'Oiseteur Duke of Saxony At Constantinople Leo the Fifth termed Alexander Emperor of the East the Philosopher being dead Alexander his Brother succeeded him in the Empire and Reigned but one Year after whose Death Constantine the Seventh Son to Leo Constantine VII was set on the Throne From Christ 912. Under the Guardianship first of his Mother Zoe and then of Nicephorus Lacapenus Nicephorus Lacapenus who assumed the Title of Emperor and put Zoe into a Convent Anastatius the Third with Lando his Popes Successor being dead in less than a Year John the Tenth was made Pope From Christ 913. In Germany Conrade Duke of Franconia by the consent of other Princes took the Title of King and in a Year after Dying Conrad King of Germany Henry Loiseleur his Successor Henry called Loiseleur Duke of Saxe assumed the same Title by the Suffrage of the Princes From Christ 918. Robert Brother to the dead King Eudes took the Title of King of France in opposition to Charles the Simple From Christ 920. Then Robert having been kill'd in Battel Raoul Duke of Burgundy took his Kings of France place seized on the Person of Charles and kept him Prisoner From Christ 923. Berenger Duke of Friouli who wore the Title of Emperor in Italy being dead no Person was styled Emperor in the West till the year Nine hundred sixty two From Christ 925. The Italians invited Raoul King of Burgundy to be their King not long after they expell'd him and chose in his place Hughes who was Son to the Daughter of young Lothaire King of Lorrain Theodora Mother to Marozia had made John the Tenth Pope but Marozia put Popes him to Death in Prison and poison'd his two Successors Leo the Sixth and Stephen the Seventh to place in that See a Son of hers whom she had by Pope Sergius According to some Writers this young Man was call'd Octavian before he was Pope The change of the Names of Popes and having changed his Name to that of John from thence came the Custom of his Successors to alter their Names From Christ 930. Hughes King of Italy Marryed Marozia his half Sister who was both the Widow of Guy and of Alberies Marquis of Tuscany by that means Hughes firmly Kings of Italy of Burgunâ—y and of Arles establish'd himself in the Kingdom of Italy having also made a Treaty with Raoul King of Burgundy by which Raoul yielded up to him his Pretensions over Italy and Hughes Resigned to Raoul his Right to the Kingdoms of Arles From Christ 931 John the Eleventh infamous for his Debaucheries Dyed and had for his Successor Leo the Seventh From Christ 935. Popes After the Death of Raoul King of France the Nobility recall'd out of England Lewis the Fourth Son of Charles the 〈◊〉 D' Out 〈…〉 scing of France Simple whose Mother having fled thither with him at the time of his Father's Misfortunes for that cause Lewis had the Sur-name of Outremer From Christ 936. He had Marry'd a Daugâ—â—er of Otho King of Germany who had succeeded Henry Loyzeleur his Father the two Kings having adjusted the Difference they had at Otho King of Germany first about Lorrain Otho madâ— a reconciliation between Lewis his Son-in-Law and the chief Nobility of France who were disgusted with him Among those great Persons was Hughes the great Count of Paris Son to King Robert Hughes had Hughes the Great Marry'd a Sister of the Queen who was Daughter to King Otho From Christ 942. To Stephen the Eighth succeeded Martin the Third and Agapetus the Second Popes was his Successor From Christ 946. To Rollo Duke of Normandy succeeded Dukes of Normandy William who dying left his Son Richard very young upon which Lewis formed a Design to molest Normandy but was prevented by the chief of the Nobility of the Kingdom and particularly by Hughes Count of Paris From Christ 950. The Italians expell'd their King Hughes Kings of Italy and retained his Son Lothaire who soon after dying Berenger the Third Count of Juree was acknowledged King of Italy Adelais a Beautiful Princess Daughter to Lothaire refusing to Marry the Son of Berenger espoused Otho King of Germany The Affairs of Germany upon which Luidolph Son to Otho by a former Queen grew discontented which occasioned a War between the Father and the Son for three Years Agapetus the Second dyed and had for his Successor John the Twelfth a worthy Popes Grandson of the famous Marozia Lewis King of France dyed leaving Kings of France two Sons Lothaire and Charles very young From Christ 955. Romanus poysoned his Father Constantine Romanus Emperor of the East and possest the Empire of the East this most detestable Parricide dyed of his Debaucheries From Christ 960. The Army in Asia proclaimed Emperor Nicephorus and Phocas their General Nicephorus Phocas From Christ 963. Who during the Six years of his Reign regained with great Glory from the Saracens Cicilia Antioch with a part of Syria and the Isle of Cyprus He was kill'd by a Conspiracy of the Nobility who put in his place John Zimiscus chief of the John Zimiscus Conspirators From Christ 969. Otho King of Germany passed into Italy Emperor of the East against the Emperor Berenger overcame him in Battel took him Prisoner and sent him into Germany where he died Otho the second Emperor the Conqueror being Master of Italy caused himself to be Crowned at Rome by Pope John but so soon as Otho was gone Popes from Rome the Pope made that City revolt against him which obliged Otho to return there where in a Council he Assembled John was Deposed having been Convicted of all sorts of enormous Crimes and Leo the Eighth elected in his place Otho having again left Rome John the Pope
He was Son of Robert Duke of Normandy who without any regard to the Right of William Count of Arles his lawful Son had left his Dutchy at his Death to his Bastard Son William From Christ 1066. At Constantinople Eudoxia the Widdow of Constantin Ducas marrying Romanus the Ramanus IV. Emperor of the East Fourth surnamed Diogenes caused him to be chosen Emperor This new Prince was taken Prisoner by the Soldan of Egypt who after having rudely treated him at last restored him his Liberty without Ransom but being returned to Constantïnople his Eyes were put out by Michael Ducas Michael Ducas Emperor of the East the seventh of that Name who ascended the Throne of his Father Constantin After the Death of Pope Alexander the Second the famous Hildebrand was made Pope under the name of Gregory the Popes Sixth He was Native of Sienna and had been a Monk at Cluny He enjoy'd the Estate of the Countess Matilda Princess Ma 〈…〉 a. Countess and Princess of Tuscany A Quarrâ—l bâ—tweâ—n the Pope and the Emperor of Tuscany in possession of a part of Liguria which she inherited of her Father the Marquis Bonifacius From Christ 1072. This was the first occasion of the Quarrel between the Pope and the Emperor Henry the Fourth the second cause was the Right the Emperor claimed to invest Bishops by the Crosier and the Ring the Emperor on his side Assembled the Estates of the Empire who declared Gregory a false Pope on the other part Gregory excommunicated the Emperor and all The Emperor Excommunicated those of his Party From Christ 1023. This Sentence had corrupted all Germany so that in an Assembly of the Princes and other Members of the Empire held at Oppenheim it was resolved That Henry should not be acknowledged Emperor till he was reconciled to the Pope He humbled himself to the Pope so Henry was obliged to go upon this occasion into Italy where he humbled himself before the Pope in a very surprising manner But the Reception and Treatment he received from the Pope seemed so very insolent to the Germans as also to the Italians that they all returned to the Obedience of Henry who by that means easily destroyed the Faction of Rodolphus Rodolphus overcome by Henry to whom the Pope had given the Title of Emperor From Christ 1077. Henry having thus Re-establish'd himself caus'd Gregory to be Deposed in a Council held at Brixen in Bavaria and put Gilbert Archbishop of Ravenna in his place under the Name of Clement the Third From Christ 1078. At Constantinople Michael Ducas the Seventh was put into a Monastry by Nicephorus Botoniates the Third of that Name Nicephorus Botoniates the Third this Nicephorus was treated in the very same manner by Alexius Comnenes From Christ 1080. Henry pass'd into Italy Besieged Rome Henry Besieges Rome but the Pope during the two Years the Siege lasted made a League with Robert Guichard a Norman Prince de la Pouille who The Pope deliverâ—d by Robert Guiccard raised the Siege and reinvested the Pope From Christ 1083. After Guichard was gone back Henry entred Rome and there caused himself to Henry in Rome be Crowned by Clement the Second who was acknowledged Pope by a Synod held in that City From Christ 1084. A Year after Gregory the Seventh died Gregory die 〈…〉 at Salerna highly revered by those of his Party and as much blamed by those of the opposite Party Gregory's Faction gave him no Successor till a Year after his Death then was elected Victor the Third call'd before Dedier Popes an Abbot of Mâ—ntcassin Son to the Duke de Benevent He held the See but a Year his Successor was Otho a Monk of Cluny who took the Name of Urban the Second Nevertheless Clement the Third maintained his Authority all the time in Rome Bruno of Cologne a Chanoine of Reims The Order of the Carthusians instituted the Order of the Carthusians From Christ 1088. The Emperor Henry came into Italy and there supporting Clement Urban not finding himself safe went into France having great assurance of a kind Reception from the greatest of the Nobility of that Kingdom He there held that famous Council The Council of Clermont of Clermont in which were resolved these important Decrees From Christ 1095. First the Decree against the Marriage Marriages forbidden to the Clergy of the Clergy was renewed and confirmed Philip King of France was Excommunicated Philip King of France excommunicated for having taken the Wife of Foulkes Rechin Count of Anjou The Right to bestow Ecclesiastical Livings taken away from all Princes and secular Powers In consequence of which the Emperor Henry was Excommunicated as well as for other Causes which have been before recited Lastly Upon the Remonstrances of Peter the Hermit they were resolved on the first Croisade against the Saracens to recover The first Croisade the Holy-Land Alphonso King of Castille was supplyed with Forces against the Saracens by many French Lords Henry of Lorain one Henry of Lorrain King of Portugal of them marrying a Daughter of Alphonso by that Match had Portugal and with it the Title of King The Army of the Croizaders in which was Prince Conrade serving the Pope against his Father brought Urban to Rome Urban establish'd at Rome where he establish'd him and turn'd out Clement Urban dying within the same Year he was re-establish'd his Successor Paschal Paschall the Second the Second appeared on the day he was Consecrated with the marks of Royalty covered with a Purple Robe with seven Seals hanging to an Embroidered Belt The Croisaders arrived by several ways The Croisaders exploits to Constantinople committing every where horrible Outrages they pass'd the Bosphorus with Forces the Emperor Alexis gave them taking many Places in Asia the lesser and in Syria They arrived in Palestine besieged Jerusalem took it and Jerusalem taken chose for their King the famous Godfrey Godfrey of Bouillon chosen King of Bovillon preferring him before many Princes who were in the Army among others Conrade Son to the Emperor Henry Hughes Brother to Philip King of France and Robert Brother to William Rufus King of England This new King had but Twenty thousand Men left of more then Three hundred thousand who listed themselves in this Expedition of the Croisade yet with these Twenty thousand Men defeated The Soldan of Egypt defeated Five hundred thousand which the Soldan of Egypt had brought against him designing to retake Jerusalem From Christ 1100. The Twelfth Age. THere was a second Croisade more numerous The second Croysade proved unfortunate but less fortunate than the first From Christ 1101. For there was a great number killed in the lesser Asia where they fell into the Ambuscades of the Saracens by the Fraud of the Old Emperor Alexus with whom the chief of the Croisaders were at Difference From Christ 1102. The
Fourth sole Emperor of the West by the death of Philip Otho the Fourth remaining sole Emperor From Christ 1208. From the precedent Age Peter Valdo of Lyons abandoning his Wealth had preached against the Corruption of the Clergy chiefly against that of Rome they called his Disciples Vaudois the poor Beggars of The Vaudois Lyms they held the Doctrine of Berengarius in what relates to the Eucharist as also Peter de Brus and Henry his Companion who were followed by an infinite number of Disciples at the beginning of this Age and were called Albegois because The Albegois their Doctrine had been first of all received in the Diocess of Albi from whence it was spread all over Languedoc From Christ 1209. The Pope excommunicated them and publish'd a Croyzade against them Five hundred thousand Croyzaders under the The Croyzaders oppose them Simon Grant of Montfort command of Simon Count of Monfort made a horrible Slaughter of those poor People Peter King of Arragon there lost his Life with the Army he had brought to their Assistance in favour of his Cousin Raymond Berenger Count of Tholouze who had embrac'd their Doctrine From Christ 1213. Pope Innocent had Crowned the Emperor Otho at Rome but the old Quarrel about the Investitures being revived between them the Pope raised up Enemies in all Parts against Otho and abetted the Party Frederic the Second against Otho of young Frederic Son of the Emperor Henry the Sixth against Otho Philip the Second called Augustus King A War between Otho and Philip King of France of France entered into that Party against Otho because that Emperor was Allyed to John King of England an Enemy to Philip which occasioned the War between Otho and Philip in which was fought the Battel of Bovines in Flanders where Otho The Battel of Bovines being overcome sav'd himself by Flight leaving to Philip among other Prisoners Ferrand Brother to Sanchez King of Pâ—rtugal Son-in-law to Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople The Pope quarrelled with King John of A Quarrel between the Pope and the King of England England upon the occasion of the Election of an Archbishop of Canterbury the King having named one contrary to the pretension of the Pope who said the Nomination belonged to him whereupon the Pope excommunicated King John and interdicted all his Kingdom and gave it to the King of France the King laid the Storm by humbling himself to the Pope and declared himself his Vassal with an obligation to pay him a Thousand Marks every year besides the Peter-pence The Barons of England incensed at this Treaty so dishonourable to the Nation abandoned King John and having call'd over Lewis the Son of Philip King of France Lewis the Son of Philip. King of France crowned King of England Henry III King of England they acknowledged him for their King and Crowned him at Westminster but their Anger was appeased by the Death of King John So they sent back Lewis and restored the Crown to Henry the Third Son to King John who had the Surname of Sans Terre because he died divested of his Kingdom Innocent held a Council at Latran where was concerted the greatest Number of Bishops The Council of Latran had been seen What related to the Eucharist they there determined Transubstantiation as a Point of Faith and Transubstantiation that they should keep the Host in their Box and to carry it with Solemnity to the Sick with ringing a little Bell. Then followed the Necessity of Auricular Confession There they establish'd the Sovereignty Auricular Confession The Sovereignty of the Pope of the Pope above all Degrees of Persons over Emperors Kings and other Powers to deprive them of their Dominions and to dispose of them as the Pope shall think best From Christ 1215. After this manner had he used King John of England and yet with better Effect against Raymond Count of â—â—olouze whose Dominions he had really transferred to Simon Count of Montfort because Raymond had favoured the Albigenses Honorius the Third Successor to Innocent approved of the four Orders of Mendicants The four Orders of Mendicants that is to fay the Preachers or Dominicans the Franciscans the Augustines and the Carmelites .. From Christ 1216. Otho being dead Frederic the Second remained Frederick the Second Emperor of the East sole Emperor in the West Raymond Count of Tholouze re-establish'd himself in his Dominions after the Raymond Count of Tholouze recovers his Dominions Emperors of Constantinople Death of Simon de Montford who was killed at the Siege of Tholouze From Christ 1218. To Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople succeeded Henry his Brother and to him succeeded his Son-in-Law Peter de Courtnay Count of Auxerre who going to take possession of that Empire was stopt in Thessaly by Alexis-Comnenes notwithstanding the safe Conduct he had given him Peter was killed at the end of three or four Years Imprisonment by the Command of this perfidious Grecian Prince From Christ 1222. During the time of Peter's Imprisonment Jolante his Wife governed at Constantinople like a brave and wise Heroin Philip Count of Nemours their eldest Son refused the Empire and resigned it to his younger Brother Robert Philip the Second King of France call'd Kings of France Augustus for his very great Qualities died He was also called the Conqueror having taken away from the English the greatest part of what they possess'd in France Lewis the Eighth his Son and Successor had took away from the English Rochel and Avignon from the Albigenses From Christ 1226. He Reigned but three Years Lewis the Ninth his eldest Son succeeded him Of the three younger Sons Robert had the County of Artois Alphonso Poictou and Charles that of Arjou The two last taken from the English From Christ 1227. To Honorias the Third succeeded Gregory Popes A Quarrel between Gregory and Frederick the Ninth who fell out with the Emperor Frederick the Second because he had taken away from one of the Pope's Nephews all that the Emperor Philip had bestowed on him in Italy In the mean time Frederick having married Jole the Daughter of John de Bregna King of Jerusalem past into the Levant and regained Jerusalem after he had made an honourable Truce with the Sultan for ten Years while the Pope took Naples in his Absence But the Emperor at his Return retook it without any great trouble From Christ 1230. In the eleven following Years Italy and Germany were in continual Troubles occasioned by the Quarrel between the Emperor and the Pope The Emperor being Excommunicated The Issue of the Quarrel his Son Henry revolted against him upon which his Father overcame him in a great Battle and past into Italy where he reduc'd to his Obedience those Cities the Pope had made to revolt He besieged Rome and had like to have taken it yet he took several Cardinals flying from thence Pope Gregory died of extream Grief for his ill
Sicily on Easter-day Whereupon Peter King of Arragon seized on Sicily to which he pretended a Right by his Wife Constantia Daughter to the Bastard Manfred From Christ 1282. Martin the Fifth and Charles of Anjou The Death of Pops and the Kings of France and Naples King of Naples died with Grief for what hapned in Sicily And King Philip of France also died highly troubled at the loss of a great Army he had sent to seize Arragon upon the Interdiction the Pope had laid on that Kingdom because King Peter as has been mentioned had by treachery made himself Master of Sicily From Christ 1285. Charles the Second called le Boiteux or Their Successors the lame Prince succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of Naples Philip the Fourth called le Bel succeeeded his Father in France To Martin the Fifth succeeded Honorius the Fourth who dying about the end Popes of two years had for his Successor a Cordelier called Nicolaus the Fourth From Christ 1287. The Croyzade this Pope had caused to be preach'd up had very little effect The Sultan took Acre the only City that remained to the Latins in Palestine After the Death of Nicolaus the Fourth the Chair was vacant fifteen Months At length the Cardinals chose a devout Hermit called Peter Moron who took the Name of Celestin the Fifth From Christ 1294. This good Man being highly disgusted Celestin resigns the papacy at the Grandure attended the Papacy was easily persuaded to Resign to the Cardinal of Cajeta who took the Name of Boniface Boniface the Eighth the Eighth This Pope kept his Predecessor Celestin under Confinement where The Celestin Monks he spent the remainder of his days with those Monks he had formerly instituted who from his Papal Name were called Celestins From Christ 1295. The Emperor Rodolphus died in the year 1291. He was so overpersuaded that the Voyages his Predecessors made into Italy had been unfortunate to them which diverted him from going there and likewise made him neglect to keep up his Authority in those Parts so that he made Sale of the Franchises of the Towns of Severaâ— Repâ—blick in Italy Pisa Pistoya Genoa Luca Sienna and Florence which became so many Republicks The Popes also did not let slip that opportunity to establish themselves more firmly in their Temporal Soveraignties Adolphus of Nassau elected in the place Adolphus of Nassau Emperor of Rodolphus Reigned with very little good Fortune being Deposed at the end of four years or as others say six years and some months by a Party of the German Albert of Austria Eâ—peror Princes who set up Albertus Mâ—rquess of Austria Son to R 〈…〉 s The War between these two Competitors ended in a Battel where Adolphus was overcome and killed by Albert with his own Hand From Christ 1298. Pope Boniface concludes this Century The Institution of the Jubilee with the Celebration of a Jubilee which he instituted to be Celebrated every hundred years From Christ 1300. He suborn'd a certain Person by thrusting a hollow Cane into a hole in the Wall of Celestin his Predecessors Chamber to mutter these words to the Pope as he lay in Bed Celestin if thou wilt be happy resign the Pontificate THE Fourteenth Age. THe Pope and King Philip le Bell fell A Quarreâ— between Boniface and Philip le Bel. out upon occasion of the Popes pretended Right of Sovereignty over all Kingdoms This Quarrel lasted till the Death of Boniface which befell him by the means of William de Nogaret a French Captain and Seiarra Colonna an Italian Exile sent by King Philip into Italy to seize on the Pope which they performed and kill'd him in Prison From Christ 1303. Benet the Eleventh of the Order of the Dominicans being his Successor disannul'd Popes all that Boniface had acted against King Philip. Benet having held the See no more than eight Months it was vacant eleven Months at the end of which the King made Bertram of Goot Archbishop of Bourdeaux to be chosen under the Name of Clement the Fifth At his Coronation performed at Lyons in the presencc of King Philip John Duke of Bretany was killed by the tall of a Wall as the Duke was leading the Popes Mule by the Bridle Charles Count of Valois Brother to the King was maim'd and the Pope having his Miter struck off lost a Jasper of a great price He translated the Papal See to the City of Avignon in France where it continued 70 years From Christ 1304. The Emperor Albert having been kill'd by the Sons of the Emperor Adolphus King Philip had a design to have his Brother Charles Count of Valois to be elected but the Pope fearing by that means that France would become too powerful prevented the Design persuading the Electors Henry the â—â—venth Emperor to give the Empire to Henry the Seventh Count of Luxemberg From Christ 1308. Charles le Boisteux King of Naples had Kings of Hungary â—nd Naples marryed his Son Charles called Martel with the Daughter and Heiress of Stephen King of Hungary Martel dying leaving a Son named Corobert who representing his Father had all the right to succeed him in the Kingdom of Naples however his Uncle Robert carryed it before him From Christ 1309. The Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Tâ—â— Hosp◠〈…〉 Rhodes Jerusalem took the Isle of Rhodes and there establish'd the principal Seat of their Order From Christ 1310. At the Council held at Vienna by Clement the order of the Templers was Abolish'd The Hospitallers had some part The Templers abolish'd with the Beguars and the Beguins of their Lands yet King Philip had the greatest share They raced out also in the same Council the Beguars and the Beguins a sort of Fryars and Nuns accused for very great Disorders in their Life and of Errors in their Faith From Christ 1310. The Emperor Henry the Seventh going The Emperor Henry the Seventh poysoâ—'d in the Sacrument into Italy to re-establish the Rights of the Empire died there as 't is believed poysoned by one Bernadine a Predicant Fryar as he gave him the Sacrament From Christ 1313. Pope Clement and King Philip died both at the same time The Pope and the King summon'd at the first Day by the Great Master of the Templers Lewis Hutin King of France The Great Master of the Templers at the Hour of his Execution summoned both the Pope and the King to appear before the Tribunal of God The Pope died in forty Days and the King within a Year From Christ 1314. Lewis the Tenth called Hutin or the Contentious reigned but two Years during which time the See of Rome was vacant At length the Cardinals having impower'd James of Ossa Son to a Shooe-maker Pope John the 22th of Cahors who was of their College to name a Pope he chose himself under the Name of John the Two and twentieth From Christ 1316. The Electors divided
Christ 1417. Of the three deposed Popes John and Gregory submitted to the Sentence of the Council Bennet persisted even 'till Death tho' he had but two Cardinals with him whom he commanded when he was dying to elect a Successor which they did naming a Chanoine of Barcellona who took the Name of Clement the Eighth But at length he deposed himself and was in exchange made Arch-Bishop of Majorca From Christ 1422. In France King Charles had before lost a The Battle â— Agincourt Battle near Agincourt in Piccardy Henry the Fifth who won it became very powerful in France the more because there hapned very great Troubles by a madness King Charles fell into upon the Death of his Brother Lewis Duke of Orleans whom his Cousin John Duke of Burgundy had caused to be Assassinated at Paris By the Death of the same John kill'd at Montereau in Brye by the Servants of Charles Dauphin in the presence of that Prince Lastly by the hatred of Queen Izabella of Bavaria against her Son the Dauphin which grew so violent that she joined in a Faction with Philip Duke of Burgundy whose Interests prevailed with the States General to deprive the Dauphin of his Right to the Succession of the Crown and to acknowledge for the Heir of King Charles Henry King of England his Son-in-Law who married Katharine his Daughter The famous Captain John Zisca a Bohemian John Zisca a famous Captain died after he had vindicated the Liberty and the Evangelick Religion of his Country-men against Wensâ—laus and Sigismond Kings of that Country o'er whom he gained many Battels even after he had lost both his Eyes in that War From Christ 1425. It was resolved in the Council of Constance that another should be held seven years after Pope Martin was averse to Popes it but about the end of his Papacy being importuned to call one he summoned it at Piâ—a But the Pope so ordered Affairs in that manner that this Council had no effect A little before his Death he appointed another at Basle and his The Council of Basle Successor Eugenius the Fourth sent his Legats to cause it to be opened From Christ 1431. After several years of great Confusion in France King Charles the Seventh re-establish'd himself by forcing out the English so that there remained in their Possession nothing but the City of Calais This great Revolution was begun and advanc'd by a certain young Wench called the Maid of Orleans who pretended The Maid of Orleans she was inspired from Heaven to employ her self to reinthrone King Charles The Emperor Sigismond being dead his Albert the second Emperor Son-in-Law Albert the Second succeeded him in the Empire and in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia From Christ 1438. The Pope Eugenius fell out with the Council of Basle and signified to them That it should be removed to Ferrara In effect a Council was called there where The Council of Ferrara he was in Person with John Paleologus Emperor of Constantinople who had brought with him many Grecian Bishops then they went from thence to Florence where the Greeks made an Agreement with the Latins on many Articles of Belief in which till that time they had differed In the mean time the Council of Basle not at all fearing the Fulminations of Eugenius Aâ—â—hism proceeded legally against him deposed him and elected in his place Amideus Duke of Savoy under the Name of Foelix thâ— Fifth Antipope Foelix the Fifth This Prince had resigned his Dukedom to his Son Duke Lewis and was retired to the delitious Hermitage of Repaille on the Lake of Geneva At last Peace being made between the French and the English Lewis the Dauphin to discharge the Kingdom of the Soldiers who ruined it brought a great Army out of the Empire Four thousand A remarkable Action of the Switzers Switzers were so bold to oppose his Paslage they sold their Lives at a dear rate but they were all kill'd but one who being return'd to his Canton lost his Head as a base Deserter From Christ 1444. The young Ladislaus King of Hungary broke very rashly the Peace he had swore to the Turks It was believed that the Misfortune of the Battel of Varne was a The Battel of Varnâ— just punishment for the breaking his Oath He was there overcome and killed by Amurat the Second Sultan of the Turks Nicolaus the Fifth Successor to Eugenius the Fourth saw an end of the Schism by the free Resignation of Faelix who remained Cardinal and Legat of his own Country and the adjacent Places The Council of Basle having no more power broke up so that Nicolaus was acknowledged Pope without any Dispute From Christ 1449. Mahomet the Second of that Name Emperor Mahomet the Second takes Constantinople of the Turks took Constantinople from Constantin the Eleventh Paleologus the last Christian Emperor of that City It was taken by Assault and the Confusion was so very great that Constantin endeavouring to save himself was stifled at a Gate of the City by the multitude of flying People From Christ 1453. Alphonso Borgia a Spaniard under the Popes Name of Calixtus the Third succeeded Pope Nicholas the Fifth From Christ 1455. He acted nothing remarkable Pius the Second his Successor made himself more Eminent for his great Learning and extraordinary Zeal against the Turks His Name was Aeneas Silvius Picolomini a Citizen of Sienna From Christ 1458. Since Henry the Third King of England Affairs of England three Edwards had Reigned successively from Father to Son Edward the Third had Edward Prince of Wales who died before his Father leaving his Son Richard the Second who Reigned after the Death of his Grandfather Richard was Dethroned by Henry the Fourth Son of Henry Duke of Lancaster youngest Son to Edward the Third Lyonel Duke of Clarence being the next to Edward Prince of Wales Lyonel had a Daughter who was marryed to the Duke of York From Henry the Fourth came Henry the Fifth who had been received in France to succeed Charles the Sixth in right of his Wife Catharine The Quarrel between the House of York and Lancaster Daughter to Charles From that Marriage came Henry the Sixth who was Crowned being a Child King of France in the Church of St. Denis Not long after Edward the Fourth Duke of York descended from Lyonel Duke of Clarence second Son to Edward the Third dethroned and put to death Henry the Sixth and set up himself in his place From Christ 1460. Charles the Seventh King of France suffered himself to die of Hunger for fear of being poysoned having Conquered his Affairs of France Kingdom from the English He might have been called Fortunate if he had had another Father another Mother and another Son This Son was Lewis the Eleventh who succeeded his Father whom he had very ill treated From Christ 1461. After the Death of Tamberlain who had conquered the
and set him at liberty This was the true Cause of the first taking up of Arms by those of the Reformed Religion in France From Christ 1562. The Siege of Roan followed which held out for them Anthony of Bourbon who was The Death of Anthony King of Navar. The Battle of Dreux King of Navar by the Right of his Wife Jane d'Albert was there killed Soon after a Battle was fought near Dreux between the two Armies of both Parties The King's Army commanded by the Constable of Momorâ—ncy and that of the Hugonets by Lewis Prince of Conde who was there taken Prisoner as was likewise the Constable tho' at the last the King 's proved victorious Not long before some Conditions had been agreed on advantageous enough to the Hugonets which were granted by a Decree called the Edict of January and were again confirmed this Year by a Peace made after the Death of the Duke of The Duke of Guize killed by Poltrot Guize killed by Poltrot a Hugonet Gentleman while the Duke besieged Orleans From Christ 1563. Pius the Fourth put an end to the Council Popes of Trent This Pope being dead this Year Pius the Fifth a Dominican succeeded him From Christ 1564. Maximilian the Second succeeded in the Empire to his Father Ferdinand the First From Christ 1565. Solyman the Second had taken Rhodes from the Knights-Hospitallers yet he could not drive them out of Malta his Commanders having been forc'd to raise the Siege of that Island This Sultan died at the The Death of Solyman Siege of Sigeth in Hungary From Christ 1566. The Peace being broke in France the The Battle at St. Denis Battle followed at St. Denis near Paris where the Constable of Momorency was wounded and died From Christ 1567. The Prince of Conde who commanded the contrary Party acquired much Honour on that occasion From Christ 1568. A little while after the Peace being again The Battle of Jarna â—here the Prince of Conde was kill'd broke there was a Battle fought near Jarna in Xaintonge The Prince of Conde who was there taken Prisoner was killed in cold Blood by a Captain of the Duke of Anjou's Guards From Christ 1569. The Admiral De Coligni by the Prince's Death became chief of the Hugonet Party besieged Poitiers raised the Siege and lost the Battle near to Monconture against the The Battle of Monconture Duke of Anjou From Christ 1570. Selim took the Isle of Cyprus which obliged the Pope to make a League between the King of Spain and the Venetians against the Turks Then followed the Battle of Lepanto in which the Turkish Fleet was routed by the The Battle of Lepanto Christians commanded by Don John of Austria Natural Son to the Emperor Charles the Fifth From Christ 1571. The principal Persons of the Religion were invited to Paris under pretence of Celebrating the Nuptials of Henry King of The Mâ—ssacre of Paris Navar with Margaret Sister to the King Jane Queen of Navar Mother to the Bridegroom was there poisoned and the Admiral wounded and afterwards killed with a great Number of the Nobility and above Ten thousand Persons in the very City of Paris on St. Bartholomew's Day From Christ 1572. The Duke of Anjou having after that The Siege of Rochel raised The Duke of Anjou King of Poland besieged Rochel was forc'd to retire without taking it to go and receive the Polonian Embassadors who came to bring him the News of his being elected King of that Country From Christ 1573. While he was there his Brother Charles The Death of Charle IX the Ninth died stifled with the Blood that issued from all parts of his Body Amurath the Third succeeded his Father Emperors of the Turks and Germany and Rodolphus the Second succeeded his Father Maximilian the Second From Christ 1576. King Henry the Third being returned Henry III King of France from Poland was compelled by the States assembled at Blois to become chief of the League that the Catholicks had made against the Hugonets From Christ 1577. Philip the Second King of Spain seized Philip II. seizes Portugal The Death of Sebastian King of Portugal on Portugal after the Death of their King Don Sebastian supposed to be killed in Africk where he went to make War in favour of a Moorish King who disputed the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco with another Henry the Third of France instituted The Order of the Holy Ghost the Order of the Holy Ghost From Christ 1582. Pope Gregory the Thirteenth reformed The Kalendar reform'd The Death of the Duke of Alenson the Kalendar The Duke of Alenson Brother to the King of France died deprived of the Government of the Low Countries to which he had been invited by those People but he lost his Interest by his ill Conduct From Christ 1584. Sixtus the Fifth a Cordelier of low Birth but of great Courage Excommunicated A Bâ—ll against the King of Navar Prence of Conde Henry King of Navar with his Cousin Henry Prince of Conde having declared them to be fallen from the Right of Succession to the Crown of France From Christ 1585. Mary Stuart Queen of Scots after a The Death of the Queen of Scots long Imprisonment was Beheaded by the Sentence of Judges appointed by Q. Elizabeth From Christ 1587. The Spanish Fleet called The Invincible The Spanish Armada Armada was three Years preparing with great Labour and Cost It consisted of One hundred and thirty Sail with Twenty thousand Soldiers on Board set out by Philip the Second to invade England was part of it destroyed by Sir Francis Drake's Fireships and the other part lost and dispers'd in a great Storm So that amazing Terrour of Europe vanished From Christ 1588. France being in a very great Consusion the King at length made an Agreement with the King of Navar to oppose the League But having both together The Death of Henry III. besieged Paris the King was stabb'd in his Bed-Chamber at St. Clou by James Clement a Jacobine Fryar From Christ 1589. Henry the Fourth King of Navar the Henry IV. King of France The Combat of Arques and the Battle of Yuri next Prince of the Blood succeeded him with very much difficulty at his first coming to the Crown But he soon gave great Reputation and Vigour to his Affairs by the Combat of Arques and the Battle of Yuri which he won From Christ 1590. To Sixtus the Fifth succeeded Urban the Popes Seventh Gregory the Fourteenth and Innocent the Ninth who all held the See of Rome no longer than a Year After them came Clement the Eighth a Florentine From Christ 1591. The Duke of Paâ—â—a had made the King The Duke of Parma not long before to raise the Siege of Paris he forc'd him again to raise that of Orleans But the Duke was wounded passing the River of Sein at Caudebec and was never well cured of his
long Siege surrendred upon honourabe terms to the Elector of Brandenburgh Stetin taken by the Elector of Brandenburgh Gâ—â—nt sarrâ—ndred to the French The City of Ghent surrendred to the King of France Phillipsburgh besieged by the Imperialists was taken by composition Admiral De Ruyter engaging with thâ— French in the Mediterranean received his deaths Wound and died in the Bed of Honour The denth of Admiral de Ruyter in the seventy year of his Age. The Danes in conjunction with the Hollanders did beat the Swedish Fleet consisting of 40 Men of War and then landing in Schonen took several Towns from the Swedes But in the midst of their Victories near Helmstade were defeated by the Swedes with a great loss And after that they lost a second Battel to the Swedes near the City of Lunden where after a bloody Fight above 9000 Men were killed on both sides A Battel between the Prince of Orange Cambray and St. Omers taken by the French and the Duke of Orleans at Mount Cassel After which Cambray and St. Omers were taken by the French Cardinal Benedict Odescalchi was chose Pope in the room of Clement X. who died Popes in the 87th year of his Age. He assumed the name of Innocent XI And it was said that Donna Olimpia a cunning Woman and powerful in the Court of Rome prepared the way for him to that Dignity From Christ 1676. The Swedes did again defeat the Danes in a terrible Conflict near Landscroone On the other side the Danes overcame the Swedes in a Sea-Fight and took several of their Men of War A Peace concluded at Nâ—meghen between Luxemburgh quitted the Siege of Mons. the French and the Dutch The Prince of Orange forced the Duke of Luxemburgh to quit the Siege of Mons. Dr. Oats made the first discovery of the Popish Plot upon which Sir Edmundsbury The death of St. Edmundsbury Godfrey Coleman hang'd Messina submitted to the Spaniard The peace between France Spain Godfrey was murthered and one Coleman who called himself the Duke of York's Secretary was executed at Tyburne as were afterwards several others Messina in Sicily wearyed with the French Government submitted it self to the Spanish Monarchy From Christ 1678. The Peace between France and Spain concluded at Nimeghen proclaimed in both Kingdoms A most grievous Persecution of the Hugonet's in France The King of Spain married the Daughter The K. of Spain married the D. of Orleans Daughter of the Duke of Orleans which displeased the Emperor A great disorder in England by reason of several Persons who did second Dr. Oats in the further discovery of the Popish The D. of York sent into Flanders and after into Scotland Plot while the lower House of Parliament used all their endeavours to disinherit the Duke of York for being a Papist Upon which the Duke was sent out of the way first into Flanders then into Scotland From Christ 1679. The Elector Palatin built a new Church at Fredericksberg which was dedicated to Concord and consecrated by a Lutheran Doctor with whom were joined a Roman Catholick Priest and a Calvinist Minister The King of France by sundry Acts of Hostility committed in Alsatia the Palatinate and in the Bishoprick of Treves disturbed the Peace concluded but the year before The Duke of Mantua sold the strong Casal â—old to the French Lord Stafford beheaded Town of Casal to the French The Lord Stafford being found guilty of High Treason by his Peers was Beheaded upon Tower-Hill Charles Count Palatine of the Rhyne and Prince Elector was created Knight of the Garter and installed at Windsor The Parliament sate at Oxford but was on a sudden dissolved The death of Don John of Austria Don John of Austria departed this life From Christ 1680. A Diet held at Francfort on the Mayne where the Articles of the Treaty at Nimegen in Controversy were argued with the King of France who made slight of that Treaty and had offered several Injuries to the Princes bordering upon the Rhyne for contrary to his Faith given he seized Strasburgh took by the French on Strasburgh and caused the Cathedral to be consecrated a-new by the Bishop of Furstemberg for the use of the Roman Catholicks The Hugonots by reason of their being The Hugonots came 〈◊〉 England so cruelly persecuted did fly out of France into England and Holland The Hungarians were promis'd their freedom with the restitution of their Liberties by the Emperor But the free Exercise of their Religion being denied them by the persuasions of the Jesuites those promises came to nothing The Pope was angry with the King of France for assuming the Collation of Ecclesiastical Benefices upon which the Gallican Clergy being assembled gave their Opinions for the King A Peace between the Emperor of Morocco A peace between the Emperor of Morocco and the King of England and the King of England for four years An Ambassador from Muscovy arrived in England And in the same year also came another Embassy from the King of Fâ—z and Morocco and a Peace was concluded with the Mâ—â—rs The death of Thomas Thynne 〈◊〉 Count Conningsmark caused Thomas Thynn Esq to be basely murthered Conningsmark was acquitted but his Accomplices were Hang'd From Christ 1681. In the Diet of Francfort the Affair of the Reunions unjustly challeng'd by the King of France began to be disputed with the French Ambassadors but because the French Ambassadors refused to treat with the Germans in the Latin Tongue according to custom but persisted to give in their Memorials in the French Language the Diet broke up reinfecta The King of Denmark Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishops of Cologne and Munster enâ—er into a mutual League which many interpreted to be done in favour of the King of France The King of France ordered the Walls of the City King of France took the City of Orange The Gallican Decree against the Pope of Orange to be pull'd down and took the Principality from the lawful possessor the Prince of Orange The Galâ—â—an Clergy assembl'd at Paris decree in opposition to the Court of Rome that the Pope had no power to absolve Subjects from their Oath of Fidelity to their Sovereign that a universal Council was above the Pope that the Popes Authority was limited by the Canons of the Church and that the Pope was not infallible The Great Duke of Muscovy being removed by The Death of the great Duke of Muscovy Count Teckley submitted to the Turks Four Bantam Ambassadors poyson after many Tumults and Slaughters his two Sons agreed to divide the Empire between â—em Count Teckly did put himself under the protection of the Turks and possessed himself of Cassâ—via 〈◊〉 and the Fort of Villeck Four Bantam Ambassadors arrived at London and two of them Knighted by King Charles The Morocco Ambassador entertain'd at Oxford Prince Rupert Prince Palatine of the Rhine died of a Fever and Plurify in the sixty third year of his Age. From Christ 1682. 〈◊〉 besieged by the Tâ—rks and the Siege raised The death of prince Rupert Vienna besieâ—ed by the Turks by the King of Poland in conjunction with the Duke of Lorrain At the same time the King of Poland and the Duke of Lorrain pursued the flying â—nemy and defeated them on a bloody Battel near Baâ—can after which follow'd the surrender of Graâ— Because the Spaniaâ—d rejected the Demandâ— of the French the King of France fell upon Oudenard and Oudenard and Dixmude took by the French P. George of Denmark married to the Lady Ann. Dixmude and took them Prince George of Denmark arrived at Whitehall and was marryed to the Lady Ann the younger Daughter of the Duke of York Judgment given against the ancient Charter of the City of London in the King's Bench Court From Christ 1683. The Emperor King of Poland and the Republic of Venice enter into a League against the Turks A Truce for twenty years between the Emperor the States of the Empire and the King of France consented to by the Emperor provided it should be no way prejudicial to the Treaties of Westphalia and Nimeghen A Truce also concluded for the same Term between the States General and the French King contrary to the Advice of the Spaniard Swede and others The French Bomb the flourishing City of Genoa The French Bomb Genoa The Tyde ran strong against all that had stood up for the ancient Liberties of England and all the Corporations Cities and Towns in the Kingdom were forced to surrender their Charters and accept of new ones from the Court. The death of King Charles II. Charles II. died at Whitehall as it was said of an Apoplexy and the same day James Duke of York was proclaimed King in his room FINIS
whom he had Married to his Neice the Young Antonia In fine by the conduct of his dear Livia who was suspected to have contrived the Death of his two Grandsons to advance her own Son Tiberius All these things happened in the space of 22 Years from the 7th Consâ—lat of Augustus to the end of that Age which was the sixth of the World and the beginning of the seventh Age of the World Of the World 3999 before Ch. 5. The Birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ The Birth of Jesus Christ the Son of God God blessed for ever made Man to save us Born of a Vingin in Bethlem of Judah Of the World 4000. Herod had been of Anthonys's Party yet Herod the Great having found means to gain the favour of Augustus the Emperor had fixt him in the His good Fortune Throne of Judea This King though he was fortunate in His Domestick Misfortunes all other respects had yet very great intestine Troubles He had put to Death his Wife Mariamne who was of the Blood Royal of the Asmoneans together with two Sons he had by her Alexander and Aristobulus He was also the Death of Hircanus Grand-father of Mariamne and Aristobulus Brother to that Princess with Alexandra their Mother Towards the end of his Life he put to Death Antipater his eldest Son he had by Cypris one of his Wives at last having attempted to put Jesus Christ to Death by destroying many Innocents He died of a Disease both Shameful and Painful Of the World 4003 His Death before Ch. 1. The beginning of the vulgar Christian The Christian Aera Aera The First Age. AUgustus banish'd Archelaus Son to Herod Archelauâ— Banish'd Coponius President of Indea to Vienna in Gaule and put Judea under the Government of a President the first who had that charge was Coponius a Roman Knight From Christ 3. Augustus made the last numbring of the The number of the Roman Citizens Roman Citizens which were computed to be Four Millions One Hundred Thirty-Seven Thousand as well in Rome as in the Collonies of the Provinces He died a little while after in the 77th Augustus Death Year of his Age in the 57th of his Empire counting from the Death of Julius Caesar From Christ 13. Among the rare Qualities of Julius and Augustus they were both Learned and very great favourers of Learning under Learned Men. their two Reigns flourish'd Leucretius the Poet and Phylosopher Terentius Varo the most Learned of the Romans Vitruvius Prince of Architects denies of Halicarnassus and Titus Livius Historians who writ the Roman History the first in Greek the second in Latin Strabo the Geographer Catullus Tibullus Prospertius Virgil Cornelius Gallus Horace Ovid Poets Crispus Salustus Historians and Orators Cicero Orator and Philosopher Tiberius the Son of Livia the Wife of Tiberius Emperor Augustus adopted by this Emperor succeeded him in the Empire Augustus when he adopted him obliged him to adopt Germanicus Son to Drusus Germanicus his Death Brother to Tiberius and Nephew to Augustus by Antonia Daughter of Octavius and of Mark Anthony But Tiberius being jealous of the Affection the Romans had for Germanicus Poisoned him Tiberius wearied with the Fatigue of Tiberius retires to Caprea Elius Sejanus Governing put it into the hands of Eliuâ— Sejanus his Favorite and retired into the Isle of Caprea where he gave himself wholly up to all kinds of infamous Debaucheries The Holy Evangelists have mentioned nothing since the Birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ but of his flight into Aegypt of his return to Nazareth and of finding Him at the Age of Twelve Years Old among the Doctors of the Law in the Temple of Jerusalem they began to write more perticularly his History from his Baptism and the Preaching of St. John the Baptist relating all along what our Saviour did and spoke from that time to his Death and then of the glorious circumstances of his Resurrection and at last of his Triumphant Ascention into Heaven Tiberus abandoned Elius Sejanus to the fury of the Roman People who could no longer endure the Injustice and Cruelties of this insolent Favorite The Senate The Death of Sejanus condemned him to die and his Body to be draged through the Streets From Christ 36. Not long after Tiberius worn out with Tiberius his Death old Age and Debaucheries died leaving no Issue so Caius Caligula the Son of Cailus Caligula Germanicus came to the Empire with the applause of Senate and People as well by reason this Prince appeared at first endeued with good Qualities as also for the Meof his Father Germanicus who was in great esteem by the Romans The Martirdom of St. Steven the Baptizing of the Eunuch of Candace Queen of Ethiopia the Conversion of the Samaritans and of Saul called afterwards Paul are to be read in the Acts of the Apostles From Christ 39. Caligula discovering his own cruel The Horid Life of Caligula Nature gave himself up to all kinds of Debaucheries Injustice and Cruelty and to such an insolent Pride that he caused Adoration and Sacrifice to be made to his Images He likewise commanded one to be set up in the Temple of Jerusalem which occasioned that miserable Nation to be reduc'd to a most lamentable condition At length the World not being able longer to endure this Monster he His Death was killed by the Conspiracy of the Senate with his most familiar Domesticks From Christ 40. Claudius his Uncle Brother to Germanicus Claudius his Successor succeeded him Agrippa Son to Aristobulus and Grandson Agrippa King of the Jews to Herod the Great had been Favorite to Galigua he was also in great favour with Claudius so that he possest all that his Grand-father enjoyed with the Title of the Kingdom excepting Cesarea where the Roman Governor made his usual Residence From Christ 42. This King being come to Jerusalem did The Death of St. James Agrippas ' s Death there cut off St. James his Head and imprisoned St. Peter concerning which with the unfortunate end of Agrippa is fully set down in the Acts of the Apostles Claudius subdued Great Britain and Triumph'd for it From Christ 43. The Faithful Disciples of Jesus Christ The namâ— of Christians The Voyages of St. Paul and Barnabas encreasing began to be called Christians which first happened at Antioach St. Paul and St. Barnabas having the care of that flourishing Church The Voyages of those two Apostles the Miracles that attended them their Preaching with their happy Success are at large described in the Acts of the Apostles where likewise is to be read the dispute of the pretended necessity of Circumcision which was decided by the Apostles and the Elders of the Church of Jerusalem at a Counsel held there From Christ 49. Claudius died Poisoned by his second The Death of Claudius Wife Agripina who was his Neice She had by her first Husband
Domitius a Son called Nero who by the help and means Nero his Successâ—r of his Mother came to be Emperor the Mother and the Son Poisoned Britanicus whom Claudius had by Messalina his first Wife The Voyages and Travels of St. Paul and his Imprisonment are at large set down in the Acts of the Apostles From Christ 58. Young Agrippa Son to him who died Young Agrippa King of the Jews struck by an Angel was plac'd on the Throne of his Father by Nero This young King took away the High-Priesthood from Ananias because he had put to Death St. James the Son of Alpheus The Death of St. James the Son of Alpheus whose Sanctity was so highly revered by the Jews that Josephus attributes to his Death all the misfortunes that happened to that Nation Nero who had appeared Wise Just Neros ' s Debauches and Cruelties and Clement for the first Five Years of his Reign afterwards gave himself up to all kind of Impieties Injustice and Cruelties killed his Wife Octavia and Seneca his Tutor with many other persons of Quality Colonia Agripina and at last his own Mother Agripina it was she who founded a Colony on the Rhine that still retains her Name In the mean time Corbulon maintained Corbulons Exploits in Armenia with Glory the Honour of the Roman Empire in Armenia and forced Tyridates Tyridates at Rome Brother of Volgeses King of the Parthians to come to Rome and there to take the Title of King and his Crown from the hands of the Emperor In Great Britain the Romans did not succeed The War in Great Britain Bonduca so happily for the Britains revolted under the Conduct of their Queen Bonduca and though this brave Princess was killed in a Battle the Peace made afterwards was most shameful to the Romans From Christ 61. Nero burns Rome Nero burnt Rome and accused the Christians to have been the Incendiaries And under that pretence raised a most cruel Persecutes the Christians The War against the Jews Persecution against them From Christ 65. The War against the Jews began upon the occasion of opposing the Roman Officers who exacted very great Tributes from that miserable Nation Cestius Gallus besieged Jerusalem took The Siege of Jerusalem the lower part of the City but on a sudden he raised the Siege without any apparent Cause But Heaven decreed it so to save the Christian Church which retired for safety to a little Village called Pella a little beyond the River Jordan From Christ 66. In the mean time Nero went into Greece Nero in Greece where he made himself as despicable as he was at Rome exposing his Person and Dignity upon Theaters and at Races where he play'd the Comedian and the Charrioteer He attempted but in vain to cut the Isthmus of Corinth to joyn the two Seas the Ionian and the Aegrean From Christ 67. Upon the News of the Revolt of his Armies in the West he returned to Rome where finding himself at last abandoned even by all the World he fled basely then fell into Despair stabb'd himself and Nero ' s Death died From Christ 68. Sergius Galba already proclaimed Emperor Galba his Successor by the Army in Spain and in Gaul came to Rome and was there received as Emperor by the Senate and the People of Rome Most Ecclesiastick Writers remark about this time the Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul It is most certain that they sealed their Faith and Doctrine by the effusion of their Blood but cannot tell exactly in what Year Clementius Romanus is the only ancient Writer who mentions their Martyrdom says nothing more in his Epistle to the Corinthians but that they suffered under the Emperors without naming which of them From Christ 69. Galba aged Seventy four Years having not Reigned one compleat Year was killed Galba killed by Otho his Successor by Otho who by that means seized on the Empire yet Reigned a shorter time than his Predecessor For Vitellius being proclaimed Emperor by the Army in Germany being come into Italy the two Competitors fought a Battle at Brebia in Gaule-Cisalpine where Otho being worsted would Otho overcome and killed not tempt his Fortune a second time but killed himself and left Vitellius Master of the Empire From Christ 70. But the Armies of the East having given up the Empire to their General Vespatian his Lieutenants in Italy pressed Vitellius so forcibly that having defeated his Vitellius killed Army they took him Prisoner in Rome and there killed him Vespatian coming into Italy and finding Vespatian Emperor the Business done was received at Rome with great applause by the Senate and People joyful to find themselves delivered from those last Emperors whose scandalous Reputation caused all Nations to dread their Government Vespatian in Nero's Reign had begun a The War against the Jews War against the Jews He had defeated their Forces in the Field took all their Towns except Jerusalem which he besieged Coming into Italy he left his Son Titus to make an end of that War which The Ruine of Jerusalem he did by taking and destroying Jerusalem The dreadful Calamities that happened to that miserable City during the Siege by the unnatural Divisions of their Fellow-Citizens with the rest of that lamentable Tragick Story may be read with horror in Josephus's Book who was an Eye-witness of the Ruine of his Country The Roman Historians make mention of The Triumph of Titus the magnificent Triumph Titus made at his Return to Rome From Christ 71. Vespatian Reigned Nine Years worthy Vespatian his Death of great Praise in all things except his Aâ—â—rice His Son Titus stil'd The Delight of Mankind Titus his Successor succeeded him While he applied himself to make his Reign perfectly happy a dreadful Fire wasted Rome and another at Campania by the Fire broke out at Vesuvius These two Misfortunes gave occasion to the good Emperor to bestow his Liberality to a great Number of miserable People whom these Accidents had reduc'd to extream Poverty From Christ 79. Titus having Reigned but two Years died bewailing himself that his Life was Titus ' s Death taken away so soon protesting he had done but one thing to be repented of Which made some believe that it was to have associated his Brother Domitian to the Domitian his Successor Empire who was endowed with as many ill Qualities as Titus was possest with good ones He was covetous unjust and most His ill Qualities cruel to the Romans in general and to the Christians in particular who felt it very much all the time of his Reign He put to Death a great Number of the Noblest Citizens and plundered the Goods of the richest Families From Christ 81. He raised up a bloody Persecution among He persecutes the Christians the Christians In the Number of those who were Crowned with Martyrdom Lynus and Cletus Bishops