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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91419	A treatise of the Sabbath. Wherein is contained the time of the first institution of it. The manner how the first Sabbath was ordained. Whereunto is annexed A treatise of holy time: and therein the great question about the beginning and ending of the Lords Day is largely discussed: and in both sundry cases of conscience are handled, and many texts of scripture are opened, the practice of the churches in New England are inquired into / by William Pynchon, late of New England.	Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.; Pynchon, William, 1590-1662. Holy time.	1654 (1654)	Wing P4314; Thomason E816_5; Thomason E816_6; ESTC R210987	130,807	159

worship 2 Chr. 7. 16. 2 Chr. 30. 8. he did thereby command man to sanctifie it by performing every particular just as he commanded Solomon might not build the Temple after the fashion that he thought best but he must do it in all particulars as God commanded 1 King 9. 3. God did not leave any sanctified thing that did any way appertain either to the service of the Tabernacle or of the Temple neither to Moses discretion nor to Solomons wisdome but when God sanctified these places for his worship he commanded how and after what manner Heb. 9. 19. 21. every thing should be done Ex. 25. 8 9 10. Exod. 39. 42 43. Heb. 9. 19 21. 3 When God sanctified Cities of Refuge he did thereby command his people to sanctifie them it is said that they sanctified Kedesh in Galilee for a place of refuge Jos 20. 7. they did sanctifie it because God had commanded them to sanctifie it Deut. 19. 2. they might not sanctifie any City but by vertue of Gods command as it is expressed in Num. 35. 6 11. 4 When God sanctified Festival dayes or Festival Sabbaths he did thereby command the Sons of Israel to sanctifie them Lev. 23. and Jeroboam is branded as a wicked opposer of Gods sanctified Sabbaths because he commanded a standing Holy-day to the Lord of his own head 1 King 12. 32 33. From these and such like examples it follows that when God sanctified the seventh day he commanded Adam and Eve to sanctifie the seventh day in the use of such Ordinances as he was pleased to blesse the seventh day withall Jesus Christ did not leave the sanctifying of the seventh day to Adams discretion in an arbitrary way how much time he would set apart for Gods service but by sanctifying the seventh day God commanded Adam to set apart the whole day for his service in such publick and private duties he had blessed the Sabbath withall 2 The word Sanctified implies another command to faln When God sanctified the seventh day he did thereby command Adam to prepare himself for the better sanctifying of the seventh day Joel 2. 15. Adam namely to prepare himself to the sanctification of the Sabbath First By an outward And secondly By an inward preparation Sanctifie a Fast call a solemn Assembly Joel 1. 14. that is to say Prepare your selves to meet me in a day of publick Fasting as it is explained in Joel 2. 15. Blow the Trumpet in Zion Sanctifie a Fast Calla solemn Assembly that is to say Warn the people by a Trumpet to prepare themselves to sanctifie a Fast Joels three terms in vers 5. are all Synonima and do all imply that Gods people must prepare themselves for a day of Fasting First Outwardly by sanctifying or washing their bodies and garments And secondly Inwardly by true humiliation of soul and in this sense also God commanded Joshua to sanctifie the people against they came into his presence on the morrow Jos 7. 13. Now all that Joshua did to sanctifie the people was no more but to warn them by a Proclamation through the Camp which usually was attended with the sound of a Trumpet saying Sanctifie your selves it is as much as if he had said God hath commanded you to sanctifie your selves First Outwardly by washing And secondly by inward repentance against you come into his presence on the morrow So when God commanded Moses to sanctifie the people to hear the Law delivered at Mount Sinai Moses did no otherwise sanctifie them but by commanding the people to prepare themselves in a sanctified manner First By inward fear and reverence And secondly by outward washing and by abstinence from their wives two dayes together for their more reverent attention of Gods Law Exod 19. 10. Jos 3. 5. Exod. 3. 5. 1 Sam. 16. 5. Num. 11. 18. Exod. 19. 10. Jer 6 4. So in like sort when God said Sanctifie War it is a command to prepare for War Jer. 6. 4. Jer. 51. 28. From these and such like instances it follows That when God sanctified the first seventh day he commanded Adam and Eve for the more solemnity to prepare themselves for the sanctifying of the seventh day God having made a promise to them in the end of the sixth day that the Seed of the Woman should break the head of the Serpent he sanctified the next day for a Sabbath of rest because he had blessed it with Ordinances and thereby he did command Adam and Eve to prepare themselves against they came into his holy presence on the morrow for sin had desiled them and therefore they needed to prepare themselves not onely by outward washing but also inwardly by true repentance Act. 22. 16. 1 Pet. 3. 15. Es 29. 23. or else instead of receiving good by that blessing wherewith God had blessed the seventh day they might expect a curse at least an outward curse upon their bodies as it fell out upon Aarons Sons when they did not sanctifie the Lord in his worship according to his command the Lord struck them with present death saying I will be sanctified in all that come neer me Lev. 10. 3. and when some of Ephraim and Manasses did come to the sanctified Passeover in the dayes of Hezekiah God was displeased with them because they had not prepared themselves thereto according to the sanctified or commanded preparation of the Sanctuary but Hezekiah prayed for them and the Lord heard him and healed the people 2 Chr. 30 18 19 20. 2 I will speak a little more of the word Sanctified as it implies a command to fallen man to prepare himself to sanctify the seventh day for all sanctified things must be remembred by way of preparation before hand that so they may be done in due time and order or else God that is jealous of his sanctified things will be displeased And therefore one Reason why the word Remember was after added to the fourth Commadement was not to adde a new sense to that Command more than it had to Adam under the word Sanctified but to increase the charge of preparation with more vehemency which at the first was co●ched under the word Sanctified for now the people of God had forgotten the charge that was contained in the word Sanctified and therefore when Jesus Christ did give the fourth Commandement at Mount Sinai by the Ministery of Moses he added the word Remember saying Remember the Sabbath day to sanctifie it Exod. 20. 8. for about three Exod. 20. ● weeks before this as the time may be calculated by comparing Exod. 16. 1. with Exod. 19. 1. Christ Jesus by Moses had said thus to the people Tomorrow is the Rest of the Holy Sabbath unto the Exod. 16. 23 Lord Exod. 16. 23. Christ Jesus did not now speak these words to them by way of a first Institution of the Sabbath but by way of admonition to prepare themselves to observe it as a holy or sanctified day already commanded for how else did

untill he had put the right Heir into actual possession and in that respect Christ is stiled the Lord of all Hosts Psal 24. 10. because all the Hosts of Heaven and Earth were put under his Dominion even from the day of Mans creation and in that respect als● Christ is stiled and called The beginning of the creation of God Rev. 3. 14 Col. 1. 15. Psal 102. 26. Heb. 2. 10. for hee was ordained before all things and by him all things do consist Col. 1. 17. Heb. 2. 10. 1 Cor. 8. 6. And this Dominion of the Mediator all creatures do and have acknowledged ever since the fall of Adam and therefore the four and twenty Elders do cast down their Crowns before him saying Thou art worthy O Lord to receive glory and honour and power for thou hast created all things and for thy pleasures sake they are and were created Rev. 5. 11 12 13. Psal 145 10 11 12. Pla. 89. 5. and Rev 5. 11 12 13. See also ch 6 at Sixthly our Saviour Christ doth still comfort his afflicted people with the constancy of his providence for their good saying I have made thee namely by a Re-creation and I will bear thee namely by my constant fatherly providence Es 64. 4. yea Christ by his over-ruling providence doth create and make the wicked to serve for his glory and for his Churches good by limitting and ord●ring all their wicked actions Behold saith Christ I have created the Smith and I have created the Destroyer to destroy Es 64. 16. yea Christ doth order the very devils by his over-ruling providence so that they cannot be so malicious as else they would be against man as we may see in the case of Job So then both Deceivers and Deceived all are from Him and by Him and for Him Rom. 11. 35. Job 12. 16. And thus we see that God hath put all things under the feet of Christ according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will Eph. 1. 11. Act. 2. 23. And therefore it follows that God by his eternall Providence did ordain a Mediator against the day of Adams fall Eph. 1. 4. 1 Pet. 1. 20. 2 Tim. 1. 9. by whose Redemption and Gubernation the whole Creation was finished perfected settled and ordered before the seventh day and therefore these terms he had finished and had made before the 7th day do imply that Christ the Mediator did put out sundry operations of his eternal Providence in the sixth day for the finishing and perfect setling of all the Creation which at first he had made but mutably perfect before he could keep a contented setled rest on the seventh day Mr. Perkins on the Creed Pag. 159. saith One of the greatest works of Gods providence that can be is about mans Fall and Restauration First by the just permission of his Fall Rom. 11. 32. And secondly by destroying this head-plot of the Devill Gal. 322. CHAP. V. That this term which he had made Gen. 2. 2. hath relation to the Creation of the Mediator in two particulars 1 In regard of his Office as a Mediatorial Priest 2 In regard of his Humane nature GOD having provided a Mediator by his eternal Providence God created or installed the Mediator into his Priestly office before he could keep a perfect rest on the seventh day against the day of Adams fall for his Reconciliation and Re-creation was pleased accordingly to exhibit the said Mediator to Adam in a gracious declaration thereof to him but yet it was in a way of threatning to the Serpent that this Mediator should be the seed of that deceived Woman and that he should break his head-plot Gen. 3. 15. namely by his propitiatory sacrifice or sacrifice of Attonement even at the same time when the Devill by his instruments should put him to death by peircing him in the foot-soals as a sinfull Malefactor on the Crosse and now God did not onely threaten the Devill to break his head-plot and not onely comfort Adam with the assurance of his Redemption but also he said to his Son This day have I begotten thee or created thee into the office of a Priestly Mediator Heb. 5. 5. with Psal 2. 7. 8. and in this sense God is said to make or create Moses and Aaron when he installed them into the office of deliverers The humane nature of Christ was created and virtually made flesh of the s●ed of the wom●n before God could be said to keep a perfect rest on the seventh day See John Frith against Sir Tho. Moor p. 109. 1 Sam. 12. 6. and in this sense God could not keep a perfect rest on the seventh day untill he had created the Mediator into his Priestly office 2 The humane nature of Christ was created and exhibited in a gracious declaration of Adams redemption from the Devils Head-plot by the seed of the Woman as the perfection of all the Creation on the sixth day his humane nature is a creature and therefore it was virtually made flesh of the seed of the woman before it could be said That God had finished all his works which he had created and made and ther●fore before he could keep a perfect rest on the seventh day Christ was as truly made flesh of the seed of the Virgin Eve on the sixth day as he was made flesh of the seed of David Rom. 1. 3. and his flesh was as truly eaten by faith of Adam and Eve and of all the godly Fathers that offered Sacrifices of Attonement by faith as it is eaten by us now for this Proposition is general and belongeth to the godly in all ages from the first Promise That unlesse ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man ye can have no life in you Joh. 6. 53. And for the confirmation of this first Promise that Christ should be made flesh of the seed of the woman Christ did often appear to the Fathers in the shape of a man Gen. 32. 24. Prov. 8. 31. to assure them that as he was truly exhibited in a gracious promise to our first Parents so he would in due time take our nature upon him and in this respect the humane nature of Christ was called by the Prophet Jeremy A new created thing in the Earth A Virgin shall compasse a man Jer. 31. 22. This whole Chapter is a Prophesie of the dayes of the Messiah as any considerate Reader may easily discern I put in the term Virgin instead of our translated term Woman and yet I find no fault with the term Woman provided the interpretation be of a Virgin-Woman but if the term Woman be taken for one that hath a Husband in that sense I dislike the term for it is no new cre●ted thing for a woman that hath a husband to compasse a man-child in her womb 2 I dissent from them that think the word Compasse doth mean the crafty fetches of an immodest woman seeking as an agent to circumvent

on that day as it is also typified by the Redemption from Aegypt as in Deut. 5. 15. Hence it follows by necessary consequence that God ordained the sanctified rest of the seventh day to be a typicall sign unto fallen Man of his resting upon Christ by faith to break the Devils Head-plot for his Redemption by his propitiatory sacrifice in the fulnesse of time and then upon the performance thereof the typical use of the rest of the seventh day must cease and yet such a way must be found out by the Wisdom of God as that the seventh part of time according to the account of the days of the Week must not cease but it must still be preserved for the exercise of Gods publick Worship for seeing it hath pleased God to continue his plain and manifest Worship still to the end of the world it hath pleased him also to continue the seventh day for the exercise of his publick Worship to the end of the world and no other way can be found out to accomplish both these namely the ceasing of the seventh day as it was a typicall sign and the continuance of the seventh day without any intermission as it is the sanctified time of Gods publick Worship but by changing the seventh day into the first day of the Week as I shall hereafter shew more at large God willing And this answer to the abovesaid Objection is the rather to be credited because the Redemption from Aegypt by the typical blood of the Lamb is alleged by Christ as the general reason to inforce his people to the observation of all the Commandements for the Angel of the Covenant saith thus in Exod. 20. 2. I Exod. 20. 2 Deut. 5. 14 15. am the Lord thy God that brought thee out of the Land of Aegypt namely by the typical blood of the Paschal Lamb therefore remember the Sabbath Day to sanctifie it and so it must be applied as a reason to observe all the other Commandements and this sense is yet further inforced because all the precepts of the Law were sprinkled with the typical blood of Christs sacrifice of Atton●ment Exod. 24. 8. which doth plainly tell us that he by his sacrifice Exod. 24. 8. of Attonement hath procured his Fathers attonement for all our sins against all his holy Law 5 God doth account the violation of the Holy Rest of the seventh day by any mans work to be an exceeding great prophanenesse in every place of their abode for whiles his people were in their travels in the Wildernesse he did as deeply blame them for polluting the typical rest of the seventh day as he did after they were in a setled resting place in Canaan Eze. 20. 13. Esau was branded with the title of Prophaneness for contemning his Birth-right in the Land of Canaan because it was a type of the holy militant Church here on earth and of the holy triumphant Church in Heaven and the Jews were no lesse guilty of prophanenesse for despising the Typical rest on the seventh day by doing their own works therein for by doing their own works they committed a double sin on that day First They prophaned it as it was a sanctified sign and Secondly They abused it as it was the sanctified time of Gods Worship and therefore for this double sin God provided as it were a double death namely 1. Stoning to death Exod. 31. 14 15. for he that Exod. 31. 14 15. gathered sticks upon the Sabbath Day was stoned to death Num. 15. and 2. After they were stoned to death their dead Carcas was hanged upon a Tree for their deeper punishment and for the greater detestation of their sin as I have shewed elsewhere from the instance of the rebellious Son in Deut. 21. Yea God was so jealous for the holy rest of his Sabbath that he would not permit them to do any work at all about the promoting of the work of the Tabernacle though he had commanded that work to be done with all diligence Exod. 31. 13. as the Exod. 31. 13 place of his holy presence and residence among his people Exod. 25. 8 22. yet notwithstanding all this they might not do any work to further the building of it upon the Sabbath Day and the reason is added because I saith the Lord have ordained it to be a sign between me and you that you may know that I am the Lord that do sanctifie you that is to say I am the Lord that do command you to sanctifie the Sabbath Day as a sign of resting on Christ for when God doth sanctifie any thing for mans use hee doth thereby impose a command upon man to sanctifie that thing or to use it as a sanctified thing as I have erewhile noted in the beginning of this Chapter and therefore in this respect the Lord doth in Exod. 31. again and again inforce the observation of the Sabbath Day First By a fresh charge Yee shall keep the Sabbath and Secondly by a fresh reason It is holinesse to you namely it is a sign of Sanctification to you ver 14. yea it is Holinesse to Jehovah ver 15. and therefore in Exod. 16. 23. it is called the rest of Holinesse to Jehovah or an exact holy rest to Jehovah and in Exod. 31. 17. It is called a sign of the Everlasting Covenant between Exod. 31. 17 Jehovah and the Sons of Israel because Jehovah rested on the seventh day and was refreshed Conclusion It follows from all the Premises that God sanctified the rest of the seventh day not onely as the sanctified time of Gods worship both in publick and in private but also as a sanctified sign of Gods resting and of mans resting on the Seed of the Woman for the breaking of the Devils Head-plot by his propitiatory Sacrifice of Attonement which he should accomplish at the very same time when the Devill by his instruments should peirce him in the foot-soals and therefore as soon as the Seed of the Woman had finished that sacrifice the Holy-rest of the seventh day ceased as well as all the other types of Moses Law 2 Cor. 3. 7. namely so far forth as it was a typical sign of the said resting on the Seed of the Woman But yet still as the seventh day was the sanctified time of Gods worship so it must still continue for the exercise of those Spiritual Ordinances wherewith God hath blessed the seventh day for the use of all Nations to the end of the world and because there must not be any intermission of the seventh part of time according to the dayes of the week therefore the seventh day could not be changed to any other day than the first day of the week wherein the Seed of the Woman arose from the dead as an absolute Lord and Conqueror of Sathans Head-plot CHAP. XII Shewing how God did make the first seventh day famous by honouring the number Seven ever after with famous respects I GOD hath made the first seventh

to weak and sickly persons upon the Sabbath day 3 I answer that the Priests did hold it lawfull to kindle new fires on the Sabbath dayes for the use of their Sacrifices I grant they had one constant and continual fire that was alwayes maintained by the side of the Altar but from this fire they used to kindle other fires for the burning of such parts of their Sacrifices as they offered on the Sabbath dayes Hence I infer that seeing Christ Jesus hath told us that he doth prefer mercy before Sacrifice no question but he allowed the Jews to kindle a fire for works of mercy as well as for the use of Sacrifices on the Sabbath day and therefore out of doubt they might kindle a fire on the Sabbath day to prepare necessary food for such as are infirm of nature See Mat. 12. 5 6. Mat. 12 5 6. 4 I answer That the Priests did kindle new fires every Sabbath day to boyl or roast their portion of meat which was due unto them from each Sacrifice by Gods allowance for God commanded them to eat their part and portion in the same day wherein the Sacrifice was offered Lev. 7. 15. but they could not eat this portion unlesse they kindled a fire either to boyl it or roast it 5 On the day of Attonement which was a Sabbath of Sabbatism and therefore every way as strict for rest as the Sabbath or seventh day was yet then the High Priest which must of necessity often wash his Body for the several services of that day might in case he were an old man or sickly have his water wherein he bathed his body made warm by the use of Fire the Hebrew Doctors say They took off the cold from the water either by Irons made hot in the Fire or else by mixing of hot water with the cold See Ains in Lev. 16. 24. By these and sundry such like instances it is evident That the Jews might lawfully kindle a Fire upon the Sabbath Day to prepare warm meat for the comfort of the infirm the aged or sickly persons Q●est 3. is it not plainly said in Exod. 35. 3. Ye shall not kindle a Exod. 35. 3 fire in your Habitations upon the Sabbath Day Ans Though some that are both godly and learned Christians as well as some later Jews do hold it unlawful to kindle a Fire on the Sabbath Day to dresse any meat yet the more ancient Rabbins and many learned Christians also do restrain this Prohibition of kindling a Fire to Artificers only But for the better understanding of the true sense of this text it is necessary to compare it with the like prohibition in Exod. 31. 1 c. where the Lord commanded Moses to command Bezaliel to make the Tabernacle and all the appurtenances thereof with all diligence that is to say with all possible speed without any delay because it was to be for the place of the Lords residence among them Exod. 25. 8. 22. but yet notwithstanding this careful diligence the Lord commanded Moses saying in ver 13. Speak unto the Sons of Israel and say Verily or notwithstanding Exod. 31. 13 as the Seventy read it my Sabbaths yee shall keep for it is a sign between me and you throughout your Generations to know that I am Jehovah that sanctifieth you In these words God gave a double reason why they might not do any work about the making of the Tabernacle upon the Sabbath Day 1 Because the Sabbath was the sanctified time for his publick Worship in these words Verily or notwithstanding my command of your diligence my Sabbaths yee shall keep 2 Because the Sabbath was a sanctified sign between me and you throughout your Generations c. ver 13. 3 Unto all this a threatning is added in case any man did presume to do any work about the Tabernacle Every one that prophaneth Exod. 31. 14 5 it shall be put to dye the death ver 14 15. This phrase implies That for their double sin in prophaning Gods sanctified Time and Gods sanctified Sign they should bee put to dye such a kind of death as was after a sort a double death for 1. He must be stoned to death and 2. His dead body must be after his death hanged upon a Tree till Sun-set for the greater detestation of that Sin and for the greater terror of others for this is a thing upon Record in the Hebrew Doctors That all such Malefactors as deserved stoning to death must be hanged up afterwards upon a Tree as it is manifest also by the instance of the rebellious Son in Deut. 21. as I have opened the matter more at large elsewhere But if it be conceived by any that if any man will now presume to gather sticks upon the Lords Day he should be punished with stoning to death as the man that gathered sticks on the Sabbath Day was I answer There is not the like reason because the Lords Day is not ordained to be a sanctified sign of Gods resting and of Mans resting in the Seed of the Woman to break the Devils Head-plot as the Sabbath was I conclude therefore by comparing the work of the Tabernacle in Exod. 31. with the work of the Tabernacle as it is repeated in Exod. 35. that the only reason why they might not kindle a fire in their Habitations on the Sabbath Day was to restrain them from their eager desire from their rash or superstitious zeal to prosecute the work of the Tabernacle which was commanded to be done with such careful diligence for the place of Gods residence among them the Lord doth prefix a prohibition to restrain them from kindling any fire for that work and to prevent their rash and heady zeal a threatning is annexed W●osoever doth any work namely of his particular Calling upon the Sabbath Day shall be put to death Exod. 35. 2. therefore yee shall kindle no fire for that businesse ver 3. And as it was unlawful for them to kindle a fire for such works as belonged to their particular Callings on the Week-days so out of all doubt it is as unlawful for Christians to kindle a fire on the Lords Day to do any such servile works as that was but wherein can you finde a prohibition wherein the Jews are forbidden to kindle a fire on the Sabbath Day for the dressing of necessary food for infirm or crasie bodies Quest 4. It seems to me that the Jews might not kindle a fire on the Sabbath Day to dresse any meat at all therewith for Moses saith thus To morrow is the Sabbath of Holinesse to Jehovah Bake that which yee will bake and seeth that which yee will seeth namely in the sixth day as it is in ●er 5. and all that remaineth over lay it up for you as a reservation until the morrow Exod. 16. 23. Exod. 16 23 From this Scripture I think it is evident That the Jews were prohibited to kindle a fire upon the Sabbath Day neither