could bee as though he were their true and lawfull king but being brought to Rome before Caesar who found by the hardnesse of his hands and rudenesse of his behauiour that hee was not brought vp like a Kings sonne and therefore Caesar hauing found his falshood bound him all his life time as a galley slaue and commaunded all his counsellors and conspirators to bee killed with the sword This house continued vntill the last destruction of Ierusalem So that the Iewes after Christ his death beeing euery where afflicted and oppressed from Babilon were forced to flie to Zeleucia the chiefe Citie in all Syria which Zeleucus Nicanor builded a Towne where Greekes Macedonians and Syrians dwelt together there also the Greekes and the Syrians conspired together against the Iewes that there dwelt and slew trecherously of them to the number of 50000. So sedition also began between the Iewes in Alexandria and the Aegiptians in Samaria betweene the Samaritans and the Iewes and all the Iewes which dwelt in Rome in Sardinia other places of the Romaine Empire were from thence banished These Iewes had not so much as a place to rest vpon the earth but were scattered like rogues vagabounds euery where without credit or loue without Prince Priest law or religion the iust iudgement of the Lord for their blasphemy against the sonne of God saying his bloud be vpon vs and our children Thus the Iewes whom Moses Aaron brought out of Egipt to the number of six hundred thousand died all in the wildernesse for their rebellious mutinie Moses and Eleazer after Aarons death numbred the people in the wildernesse where all the other died and they found sixe hundred thousand seuenteen hundred and thirtie able and sufficient men for the warres and yet not one of them which Moses Aaron numbred in the desart of Sinai after they came out of Egipt sauing Ioshua Caleb but died in the wildernesse for disobedience and stubbernesse euer preferring the cucumbers melons oynions garlicks of Egipt before Māna quailes and sweete water which they had from euery rocke in the wildernesse where neither their cloathes were worne nor their shooes spent for fortie yeares yet Egipt which should be a hel to them was their paradice The tenne Tribes of Israel raigned in Samaria 240. yeares seuen moneths and seuen daies during which time they neither obeyed the lawes of the Lord nor heard the Prophets that forewarned them of these calamities which were to come and therfore the Lord gaue them ouer they were taken prisoners their last king Osea brought captiues by Salmanasser vnto Niniuie So the kingdome of Iudah and the house of Dauid was likewise taken by Nabuchodonozer in the eleuenth yeare of Zedechiah the last king of Iudah who was taken captiue his noble men his children slaine in his sight before his eyes were pluckt out and after led in a chaine vnto Babilon where he died in prison 133. yeares after the kingdome of Israel was destroyed by Salmanasser that was the cause of his miserable end for the contempt he had to the Prophet Ieremy disdaining either to hear him or to read his booke for before any king raigned in Israel Iudges by the Lord appointed ruled 370. yeares the kings of Iudah after Solomons death raigned 395. yeares which agreeth well with Iosephus account And so of the continuance of the Bishops or high Priests euen from the building of the temple of Solomon Sadoc being their first high Priest or Bishop were seuēteene high Priests or Bishops in Ierusalem by succession of the children after their fathers The end of the second booke The third Booke of the Stratagems of Ierusalem CHAP. I. Of the care and diligence which Kingdomes and Countries tooke in military discipline to exercise their souldiers THe Romanes most carefull in all military discipline in no wise trusted strangers but euery Romaine souldier should take a military oath by the Colonell The Persiās also were in this point like the Romains for not admitting of mercenary souldiers seldome is found any constancie or soundnesse in mercenary souldiers as by too many examples the Romanes and others found Iugurth by trechery of fewe Thracians that serued the Romanes in Affrike in the night time betraied the Romanes to Iugurth and made a great slaughter of them In like sort the Thessalians were trecherous to the Athenians whom they trusted but they forsooke the Athenians at the battel of Tanagra wherby through their falsehood and trecherie to the Athenians the victorie fell to the Lacedemonians therefore neither the Romanes nor the Persians trusted any mercenary souldiers for mercenary souldiers and strangers are not to be trusted for they doo not onely forsake their friends in any danger but ioyne with the enemy for any aduantage So did the Gaules in the warres of Carthage slew the watch of the Romanes and fled to Haniball The lawe of armes in euery countrey should holde and maintain the crowne dignity of the prince by the sword so most necessary it is that subiects should be looked vnto with great care and prouision to maintain the willing forward and good souldiers due punishmēts and sharpe corrections for euill leaud wicked disposed men carelesse of their countries good How carefull euery common-wealth hath bene of this you shall read first of euery kingdome country seueral punishments by law appointed after of the rewards honor dignities of good souldiers of which Plato saith Omnis respub paena Praemio continetur Agesilaus therefore appointed gifts and rewards to draw and encourage his souldiers to shoote to throwe the dart the sling to ride to runne and with diligence and care to keepe them seuerely from faults offences and to exercise them in martiall feates which kinde of exercise among the Greekes was most commonly vsed called Pentatlon in the games of Olympia Isthmia to honor Hercules and Thesius two protectors and principall captaines that loued souldiers Alexander the great was so seuere in martiall lawes towards his souldiers that if any souldier or captain shuld lye or be any way proued a lyer hee should be depriued frō his office and place of seruice banished from his camp for so was Antigenes though a valiant captaine otherwise yet was both casseerd banished for making of a lye Alexander after he had banished all bakers cookes brewers and such like frō his campe said that marching in their armour in the night they should prouide them a dinner a stomacke to eate theyr dinner against the next morning as for a supper he said they should not looke for wine nor flesh to sleepe after it but for bread and hee would prouide for water which is the onely foode of a souldier and the most necessary care of a generall Hereby his souldiers being brought vp by Philip king of Macedonia his father were hardned with continuall paine
either the Emperours of Rome which persecuted them or the kings of Syria which tyrannized ouer them could inuēt saying that they wold onely obey the lawes which the Lorde gaue vnto them by Moses and not the commaundement of the king then were the other brethren one after another put to death with the like tortures as their elder brother was in the sight of their mother who spake to her children these words My sonnes I neither gaue you breath nor soule nor life and as you regard not your selues to die for the law es of the Lord so shall the Lord restore vnto you your soules your liues to liue for euer And thus were theyto rtured to death one brother after another and the mother after her sonnes And now I wil returne to Pharao CHAP. VI. Of the seuenth and eight plagues of the Egiptians compared with the seuenth and eight persecutions of the Christians AMd Moses was sent with his seuenth message to Pharao saying How long will it be before thou submit thy self to me saith the Lord But Pharao being marked with Cains marke who could not die though he would faine die or like Esau who would repent could not though he sought it with teares So Pharao though he yeelded victorie to Moses yet could not hee yeeld his heart vnto the Lord but refused the offers of the Lord and despised his mercy and therefore Moses was commaunded to vex Pharao with the seuenth plague which he executed vpon Pharao with thunders haile lightnings fiery soldiers of the Lord this smote the hearbs brake the trees of the field this smote al the land of Egipt both man beast the thunder the raine the haile and the fire mingled together so hurtfull and so greeuous as there was not the like in Egipt since it was a natiō and yet the land of Gosen where the Hebrues dwelt neither hard thunders nor saw fire lightnings nor rain But Pharao stil against his promise staied the Hebrues in extreame bondage in Egipt and yet with terrour and feare of the punishments requested Moses and Aaron to cease the horrible thunders and fierie lightnings which being ceased Pharao ceased not to sinne vpon sin neither gaue he himselfe to seeke the Lord for all the terrors of so many plagues past The Macedonians at any Eclipse of the Moone wold be so frighted and terrified though the naturall cause were opened vnto them of the defects thereof by many of their Captaines yet would they not but against their will at the Eclipse time enter into battell So the old Romanes were so amazed that they tooke the ebbing flowing of the sea to be wrought by some diuine power of the gods So Scipio confessed at the besieging of Carthage and said to his souldier Ducem sequimini Neptunum Though the Romanes and the Macedonians confessed the Eclipse of the Sunne Moone and the ebbing and flowing of the Seas to be the works of God yet Pharao confessed not the wonders which Moses did in Egipt This cruell marching of Pharao against the Hebrues in Egipt resembleth much the cruell persecution vnder Decius Emperour of Rome vnder whom raigned stil persecutiōs of the Christians as vnder others his predecessors But the Lord so plagued the Empire at this time euen from the East vnto the West with plagues and diuers suche sicknesses as not onely the earth was infected but the ayre corrupted with such slaughter of man and beast by sicknesse that there wanted in many places of the Empire men aliue to burie the dead iustly plagued and punished so that betweene the cruell persecutions of Christians in Antioch Caesaria and Alexandria and the multitude of the Romanes that died made the ground of Rome and Italy to stink as Egipt stunk with their bloudie water and dead frogs and as in Pharaos dayes the Hebrewes so multiplied in Egipt for all Pharaos tirany so likewise the Christians encreased in Rome and euery where in the Romane Empire in spite of the Romane Emperours though they sought euery way to deuour them with sword and fire Moses is sent againe to Pharao and to say let my people goe behold to morrowe will I bring grassehoppers into thy land and they shall couer the face of the earth in euery place and quarter of Egipt that the earth cannot be seene and they shall eate the residue which remaineth vnto you and escaped the haile they shall eate all your greene trees vpon the fielde and shall fill your houses and all your seruants houses and these threatnings and cominations of Moses could nothing moue Pharao and yet dissembled like an hypocrite to Moses saying I haue sinned against the Lord and against you forgiue me therefore and pray for me it is to be wondred that Pharao and all Egipt wold suffer such horrible plagues for the Hebrews to them a straunge nation whom they mortally hated and yet stopt and stayed them in Egipt against the lawe of Mena and Bocoris and custome of Egipt and against the custome of all countries The Lacedemonians by Lycurgus lawe would not admit any straunger to stay in Lacedemon In Athens Pericles made a decree that no straunger might dwell in Athens but such as were banished for euer from their Countrey those onely might stay in Athens bringing their gods and their goods with them Likewise the Carthagineans could not abide strangers for those that sailed into Sardinia or to Hercules pillers escaped hardly the Carthagineans handes for that they would suffer no straunger to dwell in their territories So also in India no stranger might stay among them past three daies so straight were strangers looked vnto in all Countries that the Romanes would not admit any mercenarie souldier being a stranger in their warres The Hebrewes suffered no stranger to dwel among them to vse forraine religion therfore it was not lawfull for the Samaritans to come to Ierusalem nor for the Samaritans to conuerse themselues with the Iewes Yet Pharao against the lawes and customes of all countries and against the lawe of his owne country admitted strangers his owne enemies to dwell in Egipt Pharao as I said before had Esaus mark could not yeeld and let these strange Hebrewes goe How fitly this eight Egiptian plague resembleth the eight Romane persecution vnder the Emperor Valerianus who like as Antiochus compelled the Iewes to forsake the Lord their lawes and religion so Valerianus cōstrained the Christians to Idolatrie and forced them to forsake the religion of Christ commanding by his Letters sent to his lieftenants and generalls euery where to burne to kil and to murther all the Christians that professed the name of Christ so odious was the name of the Christians among the Romanes as the name of the Hebrewes among the Egiptians And like as the grasse-hoppers in Egipt did waste spoile and eate all that was left vntouched and vnspoyled by the plague of haile-stones and lightnings before so
this bloudie Emperour Valerianus left no place vnsought to persecute the remnant of the Christians which his predecessors could not find with sword and fire vntil he himself was taken his army ouerthrown by Sapor King of Persia who tooke him and kept him in prison all his life time in bondage and slauery vsing him as a blocke to mount on horsebacke things hard and straunge to the Romanes to haue their Emperour in such slauish seruice to become a vassal and a blocke for Sapor King of Persia to lay his foote vpon his necke to goe on horse And was not the great Turke Pazaites ouerthrown and his Army slaine at Mount Stella by Tamberlane a rude and barbarous Scithian and himselfe taken and kept in a cage vnder his table and carried him in that cage in all his warres during Tamberlanes life so that the great Emperour of Rome died as a blocke for King Sapor in Persia and Pazaites the great Turke died in Tamberlanes cage as a captiue in Scythia So Pharao in diuers battels was ouerthrowne by Moses and vsed as a blocke and at last drawne as it were by a corde like a dogge by Moses from Egipt into the redde sea and there to dye as you shall read in the two next plagues that followe CHAP. Of the ninth and tenth plagues of the Egiptians compared with the ninth and tenth persecutions of the Christians MOses is sent from the Lord to Pharao and commanded to hold out his hand vnto heauen that there was darknesse vpon all the land of Egipt such palpable darknesse that neither fire candle torch or any light might giue thē light it was such palpable darknesse that the Egiptians might feele it and this darknesse continued three daies long that one might not see an other Yet Pharaos heart was so hardned that now in his furie and rage he commaunds Moses and Aaron to goe out of his sight threatning them with death if they came any more before him though in the last plague he requested Moses and Aaron to pray for him and to forgiue him his sinnes but then were his words full of dissimulation and his repentance full of hypocrisie hee could say I haue sinned but he could not say I haue repented and beforie for his sinnes The ninth persecution vnder Aurelianus in Rome may throughly bee likened to the ninth plague vnder Pharao in Egipt The like threatnings of speech and the like words that Pharao vsed to Moses and Aaron in Egipt the like vsed Aurelianus against the Christians in Rome but it contiued not long for he was slaine as others his predecessors were And as for the great palpable darknesse in Egipt so was it in Rome when their minde was more darke then darknesse it selfe The Egiptians hated not the Hebrews so much as the Romanes hated the Christians For Pilate the Romane presidēt in Ierusalem which gaue sentence on Christ to die and sawe many myracles done by him sent Letters to his maister Tiberius the Emperor and to the Senators recyting the myracles that Christ had done before he died saying hee was worthy to bee canonized placed among the Romane goddes which all the Senators with one consent denied though Caesar requested them first and threatned them after yet Christ was not allowed to be a Romane God Tiberius without effect of his good motion died so did that wicked Emperor Aurelianus in the midst of his cruel persecutions After whō succeeded a good valiant Emperor Flam. Claudius so valiāt that he vanquished the Gothes the Illyrians and Macedonians whereby in Rome he was so honoured that the Senators sent to him a goldē Target which afterward was set vp in the shew-place and a golden statue to stand in the Capitoll but he died too timely of a sicknesse at Sirmium After him succeeded his brother Aurel. Quintilius a good moderate Emperour equall or rather to be preferred before his brother but he was slaine within 18. daies after hee was elected Emperour by the souldiers These good Emperors onely I name for that persecutions were euer executed by cruel Kings and Emperors But these cruell Emperours as they cruelly destroyed others so cruelly were they destroyed after as some of them were killed by theyr owne handes as Nero some murthered by their owne seruants as Domitianus some suddenly slaine riding by the high way as Decius some banished died in straunge Countreys as Seuerus others died captiues in bondage and slauerie as Valerianus did in Persia others eaten with cankers wormes as Maximinius others murthered one after an other as Aurel. Tacit. and Florianus Thus were those Emperours slaine and murthered that cruelly persecuted the Christians The Lorde beeing determined now to finish his plague in Egipt and to bring his people away willed euery man and euery woman to borrow of their neighbours Iewels of gold and siluer for Moses was verie great in the land of Egipt with Pharao and with the people for before this Pharao had appointed Moses Generall of the Egiptians against the king of Aethiopia which I wrote in the Historie of Moses Yet said the Lord I will bring one plague more vpon Pharao and vpon Egipt and after that he will let you goe hence for all the first borne of the land of Egipt shall die euen from the first borne of Pharao that sitteth on his seate vntill the first borne of the maide seruant that sitteth in the mill The Lord knew at that time how to saue the Hebrewes in Gosen from all the plagues in Egipt and to saue Noah from the geneall deluge in the Arke to saue Lot from fire and brimstone in Zodome and to saue the Christians from the destruction of Ierusalem in Pella As this tenth plague was the greatest and the heauiest so the tenth persecution was the greatest and the longest vnder Dioclesian in the East parts and vnder Maximianus in the West either of them persecuting and afflicting with such slaughters of martyred Christians that for the space of tenne yeares for so long continued the tenth persecution there was nothing but the wonted bloudie persecution sword and fire by the commaundements of both these Emperours with most extremitie to bee executed and as vnder Nero the first persecution began so vnder Dioclesian it ended For the Church of God so flourished the Christians so encreased and the godly martyrs so multiplyed that these tyrants were wearie to persecute them any longer At that very time when persecution ended vnder Dioclesian then heresie began to spring vnder Sathan for when one stratagem of Sathan faileth he practiseth an other Now Arius marcheth with his Antitrinitary crew and set themselues in battell against the Lord with horrible and blasphemous weapons and as the Poets faine the Gyants set themselues in battell against the Sun the Moone and the Stars so this crew of heretikes set themselues to fight against God the Father the Sonne and the holy
which stratagem he entised Tysaphernes to follow after him Agesilaus in the meane season entred into Lydia sackt cities slew many and caried much of the Kings treasure and of the wealth of Lydia into Greece Many the like stratagems vsed Agesilaus against the Persians Antigonus king of Macedonia compelling the Aetolians into a narrow straight siege readie to famish and beeing aduised that the Aetolians would come out desperately to fight and valiantly to die before they would either yeeld or be famished commanded certaine of his captaines to draw backe and to hide themselues to giue them an open passage to flie and in their flight to set vpon them Epaminondas with his Thaeban Army being ready to strike a battell with the Lacedemonians vsed this stratagem to make his souldiers beleeue that the Lacedemonians if they should haue victorie had decreed to kill and to make an end of all the Thaebans and to bring their wiues and children into seruitude and bondage to Sparta to make his Thaeban souldiers to fight more valiantly for their countrey for their wiues and for theyr children So Christ Iesus doth instruct vs to fight the battels of our saluation against Satan with all our hearts minds least he should bring vs in perpetuall seruitude not to Sparta but vnto Gehenna Marcellus vsed those souldiers that began to flye from the battell and for feare forsooke their standart Marcellus brought those at the next time and placed them in the forefront of the battell either there to die like men in the battell or else to recouer the shame and ignomie that they had sustained in the last battell before Appuis Clau. appointed those fugitiue souldiers that would first flye and turne their backs to the enemy to be brought bound before the whole army and to number them and after to take euery tenth souldier by Decimation to kill them with clubs in the open sight of the army Many Romane generals vsed this punishment according to the auntient law of Decimation Alexander the great caused two captaines that kept a castle committed to their charge by Alexander for that they fought not in their place the one was slaine with the other being bound to a poste and shot to death by captaines with arrowes Yet Alexander was of that gentle and milde nature that when he sawe one of the souldiers shaking and readie to dye for colde in the winter time and colde weather Alexander sitting in his chaire at the fire made him sit in his seat and warm him well saying If thou were borne in Persia and hadst sate in king Cyrus chaire thou shouldest die for it but not so in Macedonia to sit in Alexanders chaire The like humanitie was in Xenophon being on horsebacke who commaunded certaine of his souldiers to take a hill hard by one of the company murmured and said it is easie to command on horsebacke Xenophon presently lighted and made that base murmuring souldier to ride in his place and hee marched on foote vp the hill before his souldiers vntill the Armie was ashamed and forced him to take his horse againe from the souldier whom the souldiers reuiled and railed on beating and buffeting him Bochoris decreed a military lawe against offensiue souldiers in Egipt that would not obey theyr Captain or forsake their standart or any way were seditious they should bee remoued from the place where they serued and become againe as base souldiers as they beganne Also if there were any souldier that would betray any secrets of the Campe to the enemies hee should haue his tongue cut out of his head by the lawe of Bochoris Iuba King of Mauritania for the like offence for that certaine souldiers of his Army fied from their company to their tents caused them to be hanged vp on a gybbet in the midst of the campe The Persians thought it no greater infamy to theyr souldiers then to breake the lawe of their countrey the penaltie whereof was that the idle sloathfull and cowardly souldiers should beare on their backs a knowna strumpet or a cōmon woman through the whole camp in the sight of all the Army open faced and bareheaded because hee might bee knowne for euer after to be a defamed ignominious souldier and therfore Scypio in his warres against the Affricans and Artaxerxes in his warres in Persia forbad by the lawes made that no woman should follow the campe least souldiers should be among women out of the way when they should be in the way to fight in the field amongst men Yet Alexander the great and Alexander Seuerus the Romane Emperour allowed women to follow the campe Among the Lacedemonians the onely skilfull souldiers of Greece the Iudges called Ephori made a lawe in Sparta as the Ariopagites made in Athens or as the officers Censores did in Rome against vagabounds runnagates and idle souldiers Among the Macedonians it was not lawfull for any man that was not Miles adscriptus and had not taken a military oath to be a souldier in any warre that the Macedonians tooke in hand neither might a souldier vnsworne bee admitted to fight or draw his sword against the enemie so carefull then was olde age to keepe the order of military discipline and martiall lawes The lawe among the Syracusans was that the Generall of the horsemen did write the names of those souldiers in tables that disordered themselues or troubled others of the Army that they might be punished after the battell with such punishments as was appointed for them by the lawes of Syracusa The people called Daci had a lawe writren in theyr country that when their souldiers had not fought stoutly or manfully they should lie with their heads downward towards the beds feete without pillow or boulster and be at their wiues commaundement and theyr heads to lye at their feete if they should breake this lawe their wiues might haue an action against them in lawe Aurelianus the Emperour so seuerely charged the Tribunes Colonels that in any case they wold punish those souldiers that would either steale a lamb or pullet eyther grapes frō the vine or plucke eares frō the corne Obserue among all nations the punishments and seuerities of offences and that by the rudest nation of the world As among the barbarous Scythians Tamberlanes seueritie was such that a poore woman complained of one of his souldiers that hee tooke a peece of cheese and a little milke and after refused to pay Tamberlane caused the army to stay at the complaint of the woman and to march before the womans face vntill she found that souldier hee caused his body to bee ript and opened in the sight of all the Army and when hee saw milk and cheese in his mawe he said to the woman behold I haue made this souldier to pay well for thy cheese and milke so wil I make others that so offend An other example in Tamberlane being
enemies by the hand saying Herbando a word of yeelding For in all military discipline amōg all nations and by martial lawes of all countries those that were forced to seeke peace yeeld themselues to the conqueror were to be accepted Iure deditionis Yet the Romanes could scant away with yeelding souldiers for those Romane souldiers that yeelded themselues to Pirrhus were not redeemed by the Romains especially soldiers that yeelded in armour were neuer after accepted as Romaines and the souldiers that fled back from the enemies to his fellowes in the campe should be met by the way and slaine by their owne fellowes so that the Romaines would neuer grace a yeelded souldier So Philopomen said hearing certaine Grecians much commending a valiant captaine for his courage and policie Can you said Philopomen so commend a valiant captaine that yeelded himselfe and was contented to be takē prisoner aliue I like the Romanes said Philopomen that would neuer pay raunsome for a Romane captaine taken aliue in battell and yet they would raunsome the body of a captaine slaine in the field to bury him Yet at the battell of Pharsalia after Pompey and his captaines fled and his army scattered the rest yeelded to Caesar holding their targets on their heads and deliuering their weapons to Caesar. So much the Romanes esteemed their targets that laying them vpon their heades though they yeelded their swords their speares and other weapons to Caesar yet would they not yeelde their targets but together with their heads So did the Greekes esteeme their targets that the Lacedemonians mad◅ lawe that that captaine or that souldier that had lost his shield in the battell should loose his life after the battell And therfore the womē of Lacedemonia commanded their childrē whē they went to warres holding vp and shewing a Target in one of their hands saying Aut cuns hoc redeas aut super hoc moriaris eyther to dye vpon their shields and targets in the field or to bring with thē their targets from the field So odious were coward souldiers in Lacedemonia that the women of Sparta would meet their sonnes that fled from the battell and hold vp their clothes saying where will you flye you cowards will you creep again into your mothers belley Of all nations onely the Lacedemonians and the old Germans were so seuere against those that lost their shields in the battell that among the Germaines they should not be allowed to come to any publike councell nor bee admitted to come to the Temples or to the Church to heare seruice Though there was punishment appointed for souldiers that lost speare launce or any other military weapon yet not capitall punishment which was onely by law appointed to those souldiers that lost their shields for that both the Greekes and the Romane captaines had their names written within theyr shieldes and therefore they thought it moste ignominious that their shelds should be lost least their shields should bragge of their names which made that worthy Captaine Epaminondas beeing wounded to death at the battell at Mantinea to enquire if his Target were safe which beeing deliuered vnto him hee tooke it and kissed it and saide now Epaminondas dyeth not but beginneth to liue for I haue two daughters of mine Mantinea and Leuctres to celebrate the fame of Epaminondas which subdued the stout Lacedemodians subiect vnto the Thaebans Scypio Affricanus looking on a souldiers target which was most braue and most richly adorned said I much commend thee to make most of that which defendeth and saueth thy life most often So Marius and Catulus both Gonsuls of Rome in their warres against the Cymbrians their souldiers each one had his captaines name and his owne name written on his shield and other military weapons that by looking on their captaines name they might do the greater seruice to honour their captaines So auncient was the fame and honour in olde time giuen to targets and shields among the Grecians the Troians that the name of Neptune was written in the shields of the Grecians and the name of Minerua on the shields of the Troians I will therefore speake something of the Grecian warres against the Persians before I intreat of military discipline and I will mention but foure principall speciall victories which the Grecians had ouer the great kings of Persia for that the Grecians may not be thoght to esteeme their targets for nothing The first and most renowned victorie of the Grecians ouer the Persians at the battell of Plataea where of sixe hundred thousand fighting men which Mardonius Generall of the Persians had in his campe there was slaine two hundred thousand Persians and Mardonius himselfe slaine by a Spartan souldier vnder Pausanias In memory of this victory there is a common assembly of all the states of Greece at Plataea where the Plataeans make a solemne sacrifice vnto Iupiter protector of their libertie for those noble Grecians that were slaine at Plataea with chariots laden with braunches of firre trees with nosegaies garlands of triumphs then followed a black bull and some young noble gentlemen that carried great bowles full of wine and others carried pots full of milk to powre upon the graues of those dead noble captaines that died for their countrey others carried oyles perfumes and sweete odours in glasses After this followed the Generall holding a funerall pot in the one hand a naked sword in the other vnto the graues where these noble captaines gentlemen were buried that were slain in that battell and there the General washed the pillars arches Images of those noble valiant Greeks that were wrought vpon them then annointed them with oyles sweet sauours after beautified them with sweet flowers nosegaies crowned them with seueral kinds of garlands In this solemne sort the Generall tooke a great bowle of wine holding out his hād towards the graues saying I drinke to you noble captains and valiant gentlemē that died in the defence of Greece Alexander the great vpon the graue of Achilles vsed a funeral sacrifice not altogether vnlike the Grecians maner caused himselfe with diuers of his company to be washed and after to be annointed with ointments with garlands of mirtle vpō their heads and in solemne procession to goe round about Achilles graue all naked sixe hundred yeares after Achilles death So Traiane the Emperour in Alexandria vsed the like funerall sacrifice vpon Alexanders graue 400. yeares after Alexanders death after the Romane maners custome with garlands crowns made of flowers vpō his graue with sacrifice of frankincense other sweet odours in the very same house in Alexandria where Alexander dwelt for he died at Babilon was buried in Alexādria his owne towne They vsed the like funerall ceremonies in the feast called Parentalia in Rome which was celebrated with beanes pulses wafers and drie figges laide vpon a bare flint stone on
and famine an hundred thousand solde publikely as slaues and sixteene thousand were sent to Rome to beautifie his fathers triumph as Iosephus an eye-witnesse doth report The Iewes looked not for their destruction so nigh at hand they obserued by tradition of some of their Rabines that their Messias should come about the time of Augustus as a magnificent mighty king not as a poore man the sonne of a Carpenter whom the Iewes whipt and scourged for that he tooke vpō him to be the sonne of God made himself Messias the Iewes litle thought that he was the Messas when they cryed to Pilate to haue him crucified in Golgotha saying his bloud be vpon vs and vpon our children The greedie desire and expectation of the people was such that many tooke vpon them to call themselues the Messias as Iudas Galileus and an other called Atonges a shepheard but aboue them all one Barcozba had diuers followers was receiued for their Messas thirtie yeares but when they saw that he could not defend them from the Romanes they would no longer accept him for their Messias but slew him Titus proceedeth forward to destroy the Iewes but especially the Priests the Scribes Pharisies on whom he had no mercie saying that they chiefly ought to dye with the sword sithence the temple was burnt with fire they onely being rebellious and seditious and the cause of the destruction of the citie Titus spared none of the stocke of Herod In this warres of Titus were ten of the learned Rabbines slaine whose names I thought good to write as I found them written in Genebrardus Chronicles Rabbi Simeon ben Gamaliel Rabbi Ismael ben Elizei Rabbi Hanina ben Tedarion Rabbi Husiphith Rabbi Eleazer ben Samaa Rabbi Iuda ben Dama Rabbi Isbak Scribam Rabbi Iuda ben Hachinas Rabbi Iuda ben Baba Rabbi Askiba These tenne Rabbines were slaine by Titus which the Iewes record in theyr latter Talmud for tenne martyrs and after Ierusalem was thus destroied Titus appointed Rabbi Iohanan ben Zachai gouernour ouer the remnant of the Iewes in Ahua Byther Oza other pla◅es as Nabuchodonozer did appoint Godoliah gouernor of the rest of the Iewes when he destroyed Ierusalem in the time of Zedechia the king Titus also left Bonia a younger brother of Fla. Iosephus to gouerne other places in Iudah and he returned with his prisoners and captiues which he brought with him to Rome to beautifie his fathers triumphes and his This was the fift and last ouerthrow of the Iewes destruction of Ierusalem First by Shesac King of Egipt in the time of Rehoboam secondly by Nabuchodonozer in the time of Zedechias the last King of Iudah thirdly by Antiochus fourthly by Pompey the great and fiftly and last by Titus and Vespasian Thus the Iewes that subdued all natiōs before them and conquered all the Kings about them that in the time of Ioshua Dauid all the earth trembled at the naming of the Iewes whose gouernment continued from Abraham to Vespasian two thousand yeares and more though for a time while they were in Egipt 430. yeares litle spoken of vntil the Lord raised them so strengthned thē vnder Moses and Ioshua that first they ouerthrew Pharao and his kingdome after subdued the Canaanites Edomites Moabites Ammonites Philistines and the Syrians which of the Hebrewes were called Aromites the strongest nation vpon the earth at that time which were subdued notwithstanding by Dauid Thus the Iewes which were as famous and feared as much in those dayes as the Romanes were in the time of their Consuls are now so destroyed and their country subdued like wandring banished mē without king lawe or countrey The cause wherof was the sinne of Ierusalem which would neuer acknowledge the goodnesse of God towards them nor his myracles and his mercy wrought amongst them they refused his grace offered and persecuted him most violently to death Yet Dionisius Areopagita and his fellow Appollonius in the citie of Eliopolis in Egipt they both obserued by the Eclipse of the Sun at the verie houre the sonne of God suffered more then the rebellious Iewes did for all the blessings and mercies which they had receiued they cried out still vnto Pilate crucifie him his blood be vpon vs and vpon our children These learned Heathens openly confessed in Egipt that either the sonne of God did suffer death or else the frame of the whole worlde should be dissolued these two Heathens confessed and named him to bee the sonne of God but the vngratefull Iewes called and named him the sonne of Ioseph the Carpenter in contempt of him and therefore it is conuenient to set forth the great goodnesse of the Lorde in a briefe and a short catalogue what the Lord hath done to Israel since he brought them out of the furnace of Egipt where they were bond-slaues vnder Pharao 430. yeares euen from the first comming of Abraham into Egipt vntill Moses brought them out of Egipt For after Esau Iacob had diuided their fathers possession Esau went to dwell in Edumea and Iacob tooke for his part Canaan where he dwelt and his childrē vntil Iacob went to Egipt with all his family to his sonne Ioseph which was 215. yeares after the being of Abraham in Egipt and 215. yeares before Moses brought the childrē of Israel out of Egipt into the land of Canaan at what time the law was written giuen to Moses in mount Sinai to gouern the people and after the lawe was giuen the Tabernacle was commaunded by Moses to be made in the wildernesse which should stand to them for a Temple to serue the Lord and after the Tabernacle the Arke was made where the tables of the lawe were commaunded by Moses at his death to be kept where Moses gouerned the whole army of the Hebrues fortie yeares before they went ouer Iorden And Moyses before he died he deliuered the army of the Hebrewes into the hands of Ioshua with a charge from the Lord vnder whom they passed into the lande of Canaan after whose death they began to be rebellious seditious Yet the Lord fauoured thē sent thē stout and wise gouernors as Iudah Ehud Barac Iephtha Gedeō and Sampson yet stil rebelled they like Idolatrous people against the Lord that they were weary of that gouernment and reiected Samuel his gouernmēt and would haue a king the Lord denied them nothing and they had kings to rule them during which time of kings Idolatry presently crept in that the lord his lawes were forsaken and Baal with his prophets priests accepted Hence grew ciuil warres between the 12. Tribes ten against two that of one kingdom they made two so that there was nothing but slaughter and blood betweene the house of Israel the house of Iudah and that straight after Solomons death 500. thousand were slain in mount Zemaraim of the king of Israels side by the king of Iudah Againe such a slaughter of
abroad but priuately in theyr houses should be carefull and diligent to see the young souldiers well instructed and brought vp in warlike exercise Well therefore saide Epaminondas to his countrey-men If you wil be Princes of Greece Castris est vobis vtendum non palaestra you must vse Tentes for warres and not places to exercise wrestling and such vaine games whiche made Alexander Seuerus the Emperour to bring vp his sonnes in warlike Tentes farre from any Citties to become sober and temperate without the sight of any thing that might entice them from theyr weapons Heereby grewe Titus to bee so well beloued in Rome among his souldiers who beeing so liberall in his warres that hee was named of all men Deliciae hominum Fabritius also and Valerius two noble Romaines were more carefull to inrich their souldiers then themselues So in all countries they made much of souldiers and rewarded them with presents and gifts as the Persians rewarded their souldiers with chains bracelets and golden girdles The Greeks rewarded their souldiers with crownes garlands siluer fillets for their haire and money the Romanes with landes liuings territories and military garments with such honours done to their captaines slaine in the field that they made certaine plaies at weapons that prisoners being cōdemned to die should fight it out to death vpon Theaters and after to be sacrificed on the captaines graues to honour marshall funerals The Persians buried maimed souldiers to accompany their Generalls and Captaines to the graue when they died This kinde of killing and sacrificing of men was to allure embolden yong youthes to loue armes to vse their weapons to be acquainted and to see bloodie battels aswell the manner of souldiers in warres as also the cruell slaughter and terror of the warres and to become from skilfull souldiers renowned captaines to deserue such honour aliue and dead So the Greekes vsed to honor their dead captaines to buy condemned murtherers and theeues to be slain and sacrificed on their graues to extoll the fame of their valiant captaines that died in the field the Greeks were so carefull that they would not forget the beastes that serued them long Cymon the sonne of Milciades a famous captaine of Athens for that his mares wanne at the games of Olympia in the horse race thrise the garland hee caused his mares to be buried hard by his graue And old Xantippus for that his dog swamme by the galleys side from Athens to Salamina and died when he landed for very wearinesse he buried him in the top of a cliffe The Romains in like maner would suffer no draught oxen that ploughed their lands and carried their fuells to be sold when they could not plough for age neither might they in Athens by the lawe of Solon kill an olde wearied oxe for sacrifice but should feede him in his age so carefull were the Romanes and the Greekes to recompence seruice euen vnto beasts that had labored done seruice vnto man For the Athenians made a lawe in fauour of the moiles that carried the stones to the building of the Temple Haecatonpedon that they should be suffered to grase euery where without let or trouble of any man if the Greekes and the Romains so esteemed their beasts how much more had they cause to relieue their old maimed souldiers And therefore Hannibal was more detested hated of his souldiers that being so cruell and so couetous he lost not only many of his owne souldiers but also many of his friends and associates forsooke him And so Persius king of Macedonia a most miserable couetous prince who to spare his money lost both his money his kingdome and his life Posthumius for that he denied the spoiles to the souldiers which he promised was stoned to death by his souldiers So that Hanibal lost through his couetousnes and crueltie to the Romains what he wanne by skill and pollicie of armes of the Romaines This is the end of all vnlawfull warres to be worse farre then the beginning So was it with Viriatus for his fourteene yeares warres for Hispaine with Hanibal for his fourteen yeares with the Carthagineans and with king Mithridates for fortie yeares warres with the kings of Asia against the Romans but the Romains subdued all their countries and all came vnder the Romane Empire I remember Aristotle bringeth in a verse of Homer in describing the affection of the desire wrath of men and saith that anger to Achilles was as sweete as honey melted vnder his tongue but the end of his anger and wrath was that he was slain out of Greece in Phrygia and to be buried in Illion So sweet was couetousnes vnto Craesus being the only wealthiest man in Rome that it brought him frō Rome to be slaine among the Parthians the onely enemies of the Romanes So reuenge was to Hanibal as sweet as wrath to Achilles the one to satisfie his wrath vpon the Troians the other to performe his vow oath to his father Hamilcar to plague the Romans but both therby died out of their countries the one slaine in Phrygia the other poysoned himselfe in Bythinia So to Pirrhus quarrels were as sweet as reuenge was to Hanibal and therefore taking quarrels in hand euery where at last was slaine out of his countrey in Greece So may it be spoken of the ambition of Caesar Alexander the enuie that Caesar had to Alexanders conquests was so great that hee much complained of himselfe being an old man and yet wanne no fame by his smal victories in respect of Alexanders great cōquests being but a young man So likewise Alexander exclaimed against himselfe in respect of the fame greatnes which Homer gaue to Achilles Thus ambitiō was as sweet to Caesar and to Alexander as either wrath to Achilles couetousnesse to Caesar reuenge to Hanibal or quarrels to Pirrhus Therefore ambition was painted out in Heliopolis a citie in Egipt without legges because ambition might not clime for ambitious men are not so glad and proud to see many that follow and obey them as they are inwardly afflicted and grieued to see fewe not obedient vnto them In the same self citie were the pictures of Iudges painted without hāds because they shuld receiue no bribes And the pictures of princes painted blind without eies because they might not see to fauor their friends and in the midst between these three pictures was the picture of Iustice painted without a head The moral hereof is better to be liked thē the law of Lycurgus who euer thought ambitiō a necessary spur to prick men forward in causes of common-wealths as Agamemnon was glad to see Aiax and Vlisses at variance for Achilles armour and Caesar was not sorie to see Crassus contend with Pompey in Rome These men wanted no legges to clime neither among the Romaines nor among the Grecians nor yet among the Iewes In Athens
Phrygians called their kings the greatest kings which the Romane Consulls could endure no great names but themselues as Sylla Lucullus and Pompey tooke the best hand either going riding or sitting of any king in Asia Augustus Caesar also reuenged on the Parthians Crassus death and brought againe to Rome all the Romaine Ensignes and all that Crassus lost in Parthia sauing Crassus himselfe his sonne and the Romans that died there The Greekes in like sort as the Romanes after they had giuen diuers ouerthrowes and gotten many great victories ouer the Persians as at the battell at Artemisium at the battell of Salamina and at the battell of Marathon where the Athenians wonne a famous victorie ouer the Persians who were ledde vnder Pisistratus a banished man out of Athens not like Themistocles who refused to fight but like himselfe a tirants sonne though a Greeke borne yet hee presented himselfe to Darius Hisdaspis king of Persia to lead his army into Greece his countrey where he was slaine and two hundred thousand Persians at the battell at Marathon by the Athenians for his welcome home who were conducted vnder Milciades and Callimachus two noble Captaines In this warre flourished Themistocles a young man and was as much commended by the Athenians for his prowesse and courage beeing so young as Alexander the great was in the battell at Cheronea or Scypio Affrican at the battell at Ticinum This young Themistocles was wont to say in his youth that he could not sleepe in his bed for the sound and report of Milciades triumphes The Greekes hauing so many victories and such good successe in theyr owne countreys ouer the Persians and others were as greedie as the Romanes were to win other countries the Greekes had the like lucke with the Syracusans as Mar. Crassus had with the Parthians who in both the battels at Syracusa the one by land the other by sea were ouerthrowne by the Syracusans by the rashnesse of Demosthenes who was Generall with Niceas in this voyage beeing maliciously counselled by Alcibiades to commence warre against the Syracusans but after these victories which the Syracusans hadde ouer the Athenians at the Riuer Asinanius where was the most cruell slaughter of the poore wretches the Athenians euen as they were a drinking vntill Niceas fell downe flat at Gilippus feete and yeelded himselfe Demosthenes beeing taken prisoner before not Demosthenes the Orator but an other Captaine in Athens of that name and hauing taken the residue of the Captaines vnslaine brought them together in troupes first vnarmed thē taking their weapons frō thē hung thē vp as tropheys vpō the goodliest young trees that grew by the Riuers side in token of triumph then they put on triumphing garlands on theyr heads hauing trimmed the horses in triumphant manner leading all the horses of the enemies shauen with some of the best captaines in chaines entered into the Citie of Syracusa with great pompe and after they had put all the Athenian captaines to death and had imprisoned the best and solde the slaues and poore wretches as bondmen and burned them in the forehead with the print of a horse The Syracusans decreed a feast for euer to bee celebrated in memorie of the Athenians in Syracusa called Asinarus after the name of the Riuer where the victorie was gotten by the counsell of Euricles the Orator with sacrifice to their goddes Niceas and Demosthenes both Generalls of the Athenians killed themselues by a word sent to them by Hermocrates to auoyd the furious crueltie of the Syracusans Yet the Syracusans did not so much annoy the Athenians as the Lacedemonians did theyr neighbours and countrey men in the great battell at the Riuer of Gotes where the Athenians were so ouerthrowne and the citie of Athens it selfe was destroyed vnto the verie ground by Lysander After Lysander had destroyed Athens Antipater king of Macedonia at the battell at Cranon which was the vtter destruction of the Greekes the rather for that Philip king of Macedonia before had giuen a great ouerthrowe to the Greekes in the battell at Cheronea by the meanes of Demosthenes who would neuer haue the Greekes to yeeld neither to Philip nor to his sonne Alexander the great and though Alexander after his father thought to haue made a full conquest of all Greece and began with Thaebes tooke the citie and rased it to the ground slew sixe thousand Thaebans solde thirtie thousand slaues and spared none but such as were friends and kinsmen to Pindarus the Poet whom Alexander loued no lesse then Augustus loued Arius the Philosopher for whose sake he spared the whole streete in Alexandria where Arius dwelt The miserie of the Thaebans by Alexander brought downe made the Phoceans the Plataeans the Athenians and all Greece to quake for feare of Alexander hee spared Priests and religious people and such as were kin to any of the Macedonian Lords and this did Alexander onely to terrifie Greece and to bring them in subiection without further warre so that the victory of Antipater at the battell of Cranon after that Philip and his sonne Alexander had brought Greece so lowe brake quite the backe of Greece for Antipater so tirannized ouer the Grecians that he spared none especially the Orators by whose meanes onely he knew Greece so long resisted kings Yet neither Philip king of Macedonia with his battell at Cheronea nor Alexander the great with his victory ouer Thaebes neither Antipaters victory at Cranon harmed Greece so much as their ciuill warres which is the ouerthrowe of all Common-wealths and the decay of all states whereof the example you may read Octauius Augustus after he had vanquished Mar. Antonius in their ciuill warres in a battell by sea at Actium from whence Antonius fled into Egipt after Cleopatra where Antonius and Cleopatra ryoting in Alexandria feasting and dauncing for fewe dayes vntill Antonius hearing that Augustus followed him as hee followed Cleopatra dispairing to haue any longer peace with Octauius slew himselfe whom Cleopatra buried and after in short time slew her selfe ouer whom triumphed Ostauius carrying her picture from Egipt in his triumph into Rome as Iu. Caesar his vncle in his ciuil warres betweene him and Pompey carried the pictures of Cato Petronius and others in his triumphes from Affrike vnto Rome at what time the greatest and most famous library of the world was burned which Pio. Philadelphus had prepared and gathered together in Alexandria in Egipt to the number of foure hundred thousand volumes at what time Philadelphus sent to Ierusalem to the high Priest Eleazarus for the Hebrew Bible and for seuentie two learned men to translate it out of the Hebrew into the Greeke tongue which were all burned and destroyed as well in the ciuill warres betweene Iulius Caesar Pampey as in the ciuill warres betweene Mar. Antonius and Augustus Caesar. The like library of Pisistratus in Athens was destroyed by Sylla
162 The Romaine stratagem against Pirrhus pa. ead Curius Dentat his triumph pa. 163 Pirrhus saying of the Romanes pa. 164 600000. bushels of corne daily spent in Xerxes army pa. 165 Themistocles stratagem against Xerxes pa. 166 Of Romane stratagems pa. 167 The originall of military discipline had frō the Hebrewes pa. 168 Golden girdles giuen by the Hebrewes and the Persians page 169 Of diuers military rewards to encourage souldiers pa. 169. 170 The custome of the Knights of Rome pa. 171 Lucullus named the Romaine Xerxes and Pompey called Agamemnon the great pa. ead Foresight is great wisdome pa. ead Argyraspides Alexanders souldiers pa. 172 The Scythians lawe for souldiers pa. 173 The lawe of Solon for souldiers pa. 174 One hundred and twentie knights buried in the field Adrasteys by Alexander the great pa. ead Of monuments pa. 175 Bethel become Bethauen pa. ead Abraham prouided for the buriall of himselfe his wife and his posteritie pa. 176 The care of the Gentiles for theyr burials pa. ead The honor of the Atheniās to their Generals for victories pa. 177 Themistocles honored of the Grecians pa. 178 Pompey for his victories and triumphes compared to Alexander the great pa. 179 The triumphs of Scypio Lu. Sylla Pau. Aemilius pa. 179. 180 The 3. great combats of Romulus Cossus Marcellus pa. 181 The maner of Sesostris triumph pa. 182 The Greeke and Romane tropheys pa. ead Sicinius Dentat his reward to his souldiers pa. 183 The forme and manner of making of Tribunes pa. 184 Auctyles people of Libia pa. ead Souldiers might not walke in the night time in Athens pa. 115 Mellephori chiefe souldiers of the king of Persia pa. ead Neodomadae among the Lacedemonians and Ianizari among the Turkes pa. 186 Of diuers military punishments pa. 187 The difference betweene Agesilaus and Caesar pa. 189 Stratagems of Agesilaus Antigonus and Epaminondas pa. ead The lawe of Decimation pa. 190 Bochoris lawe in Egipt pa. 191 Coward souldiers punished in Persia pa. ead The punishment of cowards among the people called Daci pa. 192 Tamberlaines iustice and seuerity pa. 193 Comparison of certaine Romaine captaines with the Greekes pa. 195 The force and perswasion of eloquence pa. ead The greatnesse of Demetrius enuied pa. 196 Demetrius picture carried in the triumph of Peplon pa. 197 Epaminondas and Pelopidas commended pa. 198 Philopomen imitated Epaminondas pa. 199 Philopomen greatly commended pa. 200 The victories of Lucullus pa. 201 Stratagems of Hanibal Lysimachus and Marcellus pa. 202 The crueltie of Mithridates against the Romanes pa. 203 The reuenge of Marius ouer the Cymbrians pa. ead Marius seuen times Consul pa. 204 How the Prophets denounced wars to the Iewes to the Gentiles pa. 205 The maner of the Gentiles in proclaiming warres to their enemies pa. 206. 207. 208 The rainebowe a signe that the world should not bee destroyed with water againe pa. 209 The manner and ceremonies of all nations in concluding of peace pa. 210. 211. and 212 The manner of yeelding among all nations pa. 213. 214. 215 A souldier to loose his target was death in Greece pa. 215 The saying of the women of Sparta concerning cowardly souldiers pa. 216 Shieldes much esteemed among the Romaines and the Grecians pa. ead The victorie of the Grecians ouer the Persians at Plataea pa. 217 The funerall ceremonies for those captains that dyed in the battell at Plataea pa. 218 A feast of the Iewes called Purim pa. 219 The victories of the Grecians ouer the Persians at Salamina and Artemisium pa. 220. 221 Many straunge signes and apparitions in the ayre pa. 222. 223 Signes seene before the destruction of Ierusalem pa. 224. 225 The last ouerthrowe of Ierusalem by Titus and Uespasian pa. 226 Diuers faigned themselues to bee the Messias pa. 227 The Rabins slain at the siege of Ierusalem pa. 228 Ierusalem destroyed fiue times pa. ead The saying of Dio. Areopagita and Appollonius of the Eclipse of the Sunne pa. 229 100000. Talent's left by Dauid to Salomon to build the temple pa. 231 Heathen kings fauoured the Iewes pa. 232. 233 Aristobulus first King of the Iewes after their captiuitie pa. 234 Affliction of the Iewes pa. 235 Zedechiah taken captiue pa. 236 The contents of the third Booke NO mercenarie souldiers allowed by the Romains nor the Persians page 237 Of the care of kingdomes and countreys in military discipline pa. 238 Alexander his lawes and exercise for his souldiers pa. 239 Massinissas hardinesse in marching pa. ead Fabius Max. diligence to his souldiers pa. 240 Bochoris military lawes page ead Full fed souldiers punished by the Romanes pa. 241 Agesilaus military discipline pa. ead The exercise of Eumenes to his souldiers pa. 242 Military punishment recited by Modestinus pa. 243 Lawes of Plato and others against wine drinkers pa 244 The warres at Numantia pa. 245 Cyrus discipline to his souldiers pa. ead Diuers kindes of martiall punishments pa. 246 Prouinciall regiments of the Romanes pa. 247 Diuision betweene the successors of Alexander pa. 248 Liberties and freedomes allowed by the Romanes pa. ead Romane Magistrates gouerned in Asia and in Affrica pa. 299 Ambition in Rome and in Athens pa. 250 Sertorius white hinde pa. 251 Marius carried Martha his Scythian soothsayer pa. 252 The pollicie of Scypio to his souldiers pa. ead Israel consulted with Idolatrous oracles pa. 253 Pennall lawes in Sparta pa. 254 How the Lacedemonians march to theyr warres pa. ead The manner and habit of all nations in going to theyr warres pa. 256 Of military oathes ministred vnto souldiers in diuers countreys pa. ead Oathes of the Romanes and of the Grecians pa. 257 Asdrubals head sent to Haniball his brother pa. 258 The ouerthrow of Haniball at the battell of Zama pa. 259 Three bushels of golde Rings sent by Haniball to the Senators of Carthage pa. 261 The ouerthrowe of Antiochus the great at the battell of Magnesia pa ead The saying of Antigonus and of Pirrhus pa. ead The burning of Carthage pa. 263 Marius seuen times Consul pa. ead Ciuill warres betweene Marius and Sylla pa. 264 The diuers victories of Pompey the great pa. 265 Stratagems of great Captaines that saued themselues by flight pa. 266 Scypios questions with Haniball pa. 268 Caesars celerity in his victories pa. 269 Epaminondas and Scypios stratagems pa. ead Caesar was in 52. pitcht and set fields pa. 270 No triumphes in ciuill warres at Rome pa. ead The battell betweene Torquine and Publicola page 271 The first funerall sermon in Rome pa. ead The noble act of Mu. Scaeuola and Horatius Cocles pa. 272 Torquinus the proud driuen out of Rome pa. ead The marching of the Scythians Saracens and Turkes pa. 273 The marching of the kings of Israell pa. 274 Arebellious vowe of Absolon pa. 276 The vowes of the Israelites pa. ead The vowes of the Romanes pa. 277. 278 The vowes of the Athenians to Aeolus pa. ead Of diuers seuerall vowes pa. 279. 280 Stratagems of Satan pa. ead Philos speech of