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A57667 Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross. Ross, Alexander, 1591-1654.; Haestens, Henrick van.; Davies, John, 1625-1693. 1655 (1655) Wing R1972_pt1; Wing R1944_pt2; ESTC R216906 502,923 690

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the Levites also was to help the Priests in gathering of tiths and to carry water and wood for the Tabernacle Q. Wherein did the high Priest differ from other Priests A. The high Priest only had power to enter into the Sanctuary he only wore a blew robe with bells a golden Ephod a breast-plate a linnen Myter a plate of Gold on his head by the Crown or plate was signified Christs Kingly office by the breast-plate his Priestly and by the bells his Prophetical office the high Priest also was only anointed after the order of Priesthood was setled but before this every Priest was anointed he also wore about his paps a broydred girdle to signifie that his heart should be girt and restrained from the love of earthly things They that took Sanctuary were not to be set at liberty till the death of the high Priest to signifie that by the death of our High Priest Jesus Christ we are made free The high Priesthood was tied to the line of Aarons first born the other Priests were of Aarons other children the Levites were of Levies other posterity the high Priest might marry none but a Maide other Priests migh marry a Widow Levit. 21. The high Priest might not miourn for the death of his kindred other Priests might mourn for their Father Mother Son Daughter Brother and husbandlesse Sister in other things they agreed For all Priests must be without blemish all must be presented to the Lord at the door of the Tabernacle all must be washed all must be consecrated by offering certaine Sacrifices all must have the blood of the Ram put on the tip of the right eare the thumb of the right hand and great toe of the right foot Exod. 29 Q. What Church government was there after Moses A. In the Desart Eleazer succeeded his Father Aaron and substituted under him Phinees to be chief of the Levites After the Israelites entred the Land the Tabernacle staied some years at Silo then did Ioshuah divide the Land and designed certain Cities of refuge which with some other Cities he assigned to the Priests and Levites The Priesthood did not continue long in the house of Aaron but after the death of Eleazer and three Priests his Successors this office devolved to Eli of the family of Ithamar who being carelesse suffered divers abuses to creep into the Ecclesiastical Government till God raised Samuel who reformed both the State and Church by appointing Schools of Prophets and Consistories of Levites From Silo the Tabernacle was translated to Nob from thence to Gibeon when Nob was destroyed by Ioab and at last it rested in Ierusalem So that all this time there could be no setled Church discipline among the Jewes The Ark also was oftentimes removed to wit from Canaan to the Philistines from thence to the Bethshemites afterward it stayed twenty years at Kiriathjeharim after this it remained three moneths with Obed-Edom and at last it was brought by David into Ierusalem All this time neither Tabernacle nor Ark nor Priesthood were setled till David assembled the Levites and out of them chose Abiathar for High Priest and Tsadoc for chief of the inferiour Priests who were to deliver the Ark to the Levites to be carried on their shoulders and withal appointed Singers and other Musitians in all 68. of the Levites He appointed also for the service of the Tabe●●acle in Gibeon Tsadoc and his Brethren At last David being assured by Nathan that his Son Solomon should build the Temple he ordered that 24000. Levites should be set apart for the service of the Temple to wit 4000. door-keepers and as many Singers and 6000. Judges and Governors and the rest for other Offices Abiathar is made high Priest to wait on the Ark at Ierusalem Tsadoc is chief of the inferior Priests to serve in the Tabernacle at Silo. Tsadoc was Sauls high Priest descended from Eleazer Aarons first born Abiathar of the stock of Ithamar and Eli fled to David who entertained him for his high Priest after the death of Saul David retained them both thinking it did not stand with his honour and piety to reject Sauls high Priest This Tsadoc under Soloman was anointed the second time Priest as Solomon was the second time anointed King 1 Chron. 29. 22. and Abiathar is deposed for the sins of Eli and his Sons and so in Tsadoc the Priesthood is translated from the house of Ithamar to Aarons family again There were also Treasurers ordained some for the first fruits and tenths and others for the moneys that were given to the Temple towards the redemption of vows first born and sins The Priests and Levites were maintained out of the first fruits and tithes the other treasure was for maintaining the daily sacrifices and other charges of the Temple the Gibeonites with others appointed by David and Solomon did help the Levites in their Ministration the Priests and in their absence the Levites did administer justice both in Ierusalem and in the Cities of Refuge and ordered Ecclesiastick affairs There were also sometimes Extraordinary Prophets besides the Ordinary It s probable that the ordinary Prophets were of the Tribe of Levi because the administration and care of holy things belonged to them but extraordinary Prophets were of other Tribes these medled not with sacraments and sacrifices which was the Priests office nor had they their calling by succession as the Priests nor was the gift of Prophecy only tied to the man as the Priesthood was for we read of Miriam Hulda and divers other women Prophets and in the Primitive Church though women must not speak in the Church by preaching praying or exhorting in an ordinary way as the Ministers use yet they were not debarred to utter their extraordinary prophesies if so be their heads were covered in sign of modesty but otherwise the Apostle will not have women to speak in the Church because they must be in subjection to their Husbands and this punishment is laid on them for being deceived in Eve and harkning to the counsel of Satan For if women did preach they might be suspected to speak by that Spirit that deluded Eve Q. What was the Ecclesiastick Government after Solomon A. The renting of the ten Tribes from the other two under Roboam did much impair the beauty and magnificence of the Ecclesiastick state Besides that it was much defaced by idolatry but reformed by Hezekias Iosias and Iehosaphat who took away the high places Under Athaliah it was almost extinguished had not Iehojada the high Priest anointed Ioash who again reformed Religion He being denied all aid from the Levites out of their treasure towards the repairing of the Temple caused a Chest to be made into which mony given in that kinde should be put and imployed by the high Priest or by the chief of the inferior Priests and the Kings Scribe or Secretary towards the reparations of the Temple whereas before it was collected by the Levites King Vzziah
two Cherubins in the Temple four in the Tabernacle there was but one golden Candlestick and one brazen Laver but in the Temple there were ten of each So this Temple of Solomons far exceeded the other built by Zerobbabel wherein was wanting the Cloud the celestial fire the Ark and the holy Oyl besides in number of Prophets magnifick structure and wealth it was far inferiour to the first and yet in respect of Christ the second did far exceed the first who supplyed the want of the Cloud fire oyl Prophesie Vrim and Thummim He being all these in a more excellent manner but wee must note that though the pot with Manna and Aarons rod were kept in Moses his Ark yet in Solomons Ark were only the two Tables of the Law 1 Kings 8. 9. In the Womens Court stood the Gazophylacium or treasury containing the Almes or Gifts that were offered Q. What else may we observe of Solomons Temple A. That this Temple was to the Jewes as their Cathedral or Metropolitan Church the Synagogues which were not in Ierusalem till after the captivity did resemble our Parish Churches in which the Scribes taught as the Priests in the Temple and as there was a high Priest for the Temple so there was for the Synagogue a high Ruler called Archisynagogus In the Synagogues also they had their distinct Courts as in the Temple and an Ark for the book of the Law and the same holinesse ascribed to the one as to the other but that they could sacrifice nowhere but in the Temple upon the brazen Altar in the Court of the Priests which Altar was called Ariel or the Lyon because like a Lyon it devoured the flesh of the sacrifices Upon the golden Altar incense was offered Christ was represented by both Altars his humanity and passion by the brazen his divinity resurrection and ascension by the golden Altar and the incense thereof mounting towards Heaven In the Court of the Priests called the holy place stood the Table of Shew-bread on which were twelve loaves which represented the twelve Tribes upon each loaf was a dish of franckincense shewing Christs intercession for his people The Candlestick and Pincers or Snuffers represented the doctrine and disciplin of the Church Some divide the Temple but into three parts excluding the Court of the Gentiles to wit into the outward Court of the Israelites the holy or Court of the Priests and the holiest of all into which the high Priest entred once yearly with blood incense and smoak It was death for any other to enter there and even for the high Priest himselfe if he entred above once in a year yet Pompey and Heliodorus took the boldness to enter thither but the one never prospered after and the other fell mad so dangerous a thing it is to be too bold with Religion The brazen Laver and the Shew-bread in the Priests Court represented the two Sacraments of the Church to wit Baptism and the Eucharist The Women shewed their devotion in bestowing their looking-glasses which were not of glass as ours are but of polished brass upon the brazen Laver Exod. 38. 8. a looking-glass sheweth us the spots of our faces but Baptism washeth away the spots of our soules Two other Temples were built in opposition to that of Ierusalem namely the Temple of Samaria built by Sanballat upou mount Garizim the other at Heliopolis in Egypt by Onias the fourth whom Antiochus had put from the high Priesthood The second Temple of Ierusalem built by Zerobbabel was begun in the second yeare of King Cyrus Ezra 3. 8. and was finished in the ninth year of Darius Histaspes which was 46. years in all whereas the first Temple was begun and finished in seven years Herod spent eight years whether in repairing of the old or in building of a new is uncertain yet Iosephus tells us that Herod pulled down the old temple and built a new one which was six and forty years in adorning and perfecting of which the Jewes are to be understood Iohn 2. 20. Q. What did the Temple and the Vteasils thereof represent to us A. As the flitting Tabernacle shadowed out the Church militant so the fixed Temple resembled the Church triumphant the three Courts represented the threefold estate of mankind to wit his state in sinne before the Law by the outward court of the Gentiles his state under the Law by the inward court of the Priests and his state under grace by the holy of holies The Temple as it was built by Solomon a peaceable Prince resembleth the Christian Church erected by Christ the Prince of peace The one was built without noise so was the other The Temple was built upon a hill and the Church saith Christ is like a City built upon an hill In the Oracle or most holy place was neither the light of Sun Moon nor Candle resembling the new Ierusalem in the Revelation having the glory of God and the Lamb for the light thereof Rev. 21. 23. In this place stood the Ark and golden Censer with the Tables of the Law Aarons rod and the pot with Manna the mercy Seat covered the Ark whereon were the golden Cherubins Christs Kingly Office was represented by the Ark crowned with gold his Priesthood by the censer and his Prophetical office by the mercy seat whence God spake to the high Priest the Tables of the Law and Aarons rod shadowed out his active and passive obedience the Cherubins looking on the Ark did signifie Jews and Gentiles looking on Christ their King The pot with Manna did adumbrate his divinitie by the one and his humanity by the other The Propitiatory covered the Law and so hath Christ hid and concealed the condemning power thereof in the Sanctuary or holy place was the Table with the twelve Loaves representing the Twelve Tribes and in them all true Israelites or Church of Christ on the one side having the golden Candlestick on the other the Altar of incense besprinkled yearly with the blood of the Sacrifice and representing the preaching of the word and prayer which by the death of Christ are made acceptable to God In the same place also stood the brazen Altar of burnt offrings and the brazen Sea the one resembled Christ by whom we are justified the other holiness of life by which we are sanctified or the Altar of burnt offrings did signifie our Eucharist and the brazen Sea our Baptisme The fire that burned continually on the Altar did signifie Christs divinity for our God is a consuming fire saith the Apostle The holy Oyl with which the Priest was anointed shadowed the graces of the Spirit poured our on Christs humanity with this oyl of gladness Christ was anointed above his fellows Q. What was the office of the Levites A. Besides that they helped the Priests in gathering of Tithes some of them did carry wood and water for the Tabernacle which they were bound to carry up and down with its Utensils to pitch and
a Bishop for if Presbyters had been distinct from Bishops Paul would not have left them unsaluted for why should he salute the Deacons and not th● Presbyters which are a higher degree Quest. Why were the Pastors called Bishops and Presbyters A. To put them in mind of their duty and dignity for the word Episcopus or Bishop signifieth the care inspection and oversight which they should have of mens souls in guiding instructing and feeding them with the Word and Sacraments Presbyter signifieth the age dignity and experience that ought to be in Ministers whose grave carriage wisdome and knowledge should procure reverence of the people to that high calling and obedience to their Doctrine Q. Are young men then fit to be made Presbyters o● Bishop A. No except there be extraordinary gifts in them as were in Timothy or in extream necessity when grave and ancient men cannot be found Temeritas florentis aelatis prudentia sinectutes Young men are rash inconstant head strong proud inconsiderate and indiscreet in their words and carriage for the most part which hath brought this high calling into obloquie and contempt They have not that experience wisdome gravity and knowledge that are in old men nor are they Masters of their passions and affections and how are they fit overseers of others who cannot oversee themselves a young Presbyter is a contradiction and a young Bishop is incongruous Young and green heads have been the cause of so much distemper so many Heresies and schismes in the Church of Christ Therefore little hope there is that ever peace Religion and truth shall flourish in that Church where giddy young men are Bishops or Presbyters and hot-spurs or green heads are preferred to gray hairs ancient Divines are fittest to serve the ancient of dayes Q. But if Paul constituted Presbyters and Deacons in all the Churches which be planted why doth he not salute them as he did these of Philippi A. For brevities sake he oftentimes omits them thinking it sufficient to have saluted the Church in generall in which they are included being members thereof Q. Is not the degree of Bishops higher than that of Presbyters A. Sometimes to avoid heresie schismes and troubles in the Church the Presbyters have chosen one of their own society to precede or oversee the rest but this was onely in some places and at some times and rather an ecclesiastick custome than a divine tradition saith Hierom. Q. But why did Paul besides his custome salute the Deacons at Philippi A. Because by Epaphroditus they had sent him relief therefore he would particularly thank them besides he would shew that under these two names of Presbyter and Deacon is contained the whole Ministry of the Church the Presbyter caring for the things of the soul the Deacon for the things of the body Q. What doth the ward Deacon signifie A. A Minister or servant for so the Magistrate is called Rom. 13. a Deacon or Minister Paul calls himself the Deacon of the Gospel Eph. 5. and he calls Christ the Deacon of Circumcision Rom. 15. but this word is appropriated to him that hath the charge of the poor and strangers in collecting and laying out the Church money for their relief Such were those seven mentioned Acts ● and as Christ had twelve Apostles so one of them to wit Iudas was a Deacon for he kept the bag Q. Were there in the Church preaching Presbyters onely A. No there were also ruling Elders of which Paul speaketh 1. Tim. 5. 1● Let the Elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour especially they who labour in the Word and Doctrine for the preaching Presbyters thought it too great a burthen to preach and to have the inspection of mens manners therefore they desired some of the Laity to assist them whom they called ruling Elders Q. What difference is there between a Minister and a Deacon A. The Greek word signifieth both promiscuously but we have appropriated the word Minister to a preacher and the word Deacon to the Overseer of the poore Q. How doth it appear that Presbyter and Bishop was the same A. Because the Apostle Phil. 1. salutes the Bishops of Philippi but in one Town there is onely one Bishop usually so called So Acts 20. having called together the Presbyters he bids them take heed to the stock whereof the Holy Ghost hath made them Bishops And leaving Titus at Crete to establish Presbyters sheweth that a Bishop must be without reproof Q. Have there not been sometimes two Bishops in one Town A. We read in Sozomen l. 4. c. 14. that the Bishops assembled at Sirmium wrote to Foelix and the Clergy of Rome to admit of Liberius as an assistant Bishop to Foelix but the Councel of Nice forbids two Bishops to be in one City Can. 8. Q. Why do not the Reformed Churches now call our Ministers by the name of Bishops and Priests A. Because these Offices have been abused in Popery the one to pride and tyranny the other to superstition and idolatry Q. May a man exercise the office of Presbyter or Bishop without a calling A. No for no man takes upon him this office but he that is called of God as Aaron was Vzza was struck with sudden death for his rash touching of the Ark 2. Sam. 6. God complains of those Prophets that run and yet were not sent Ier. 23. and how can such preach if they be not sent Rom. 10. Lepr●sie shall seize upon King Uzziah if he stretch out his hand to touch the Ark 2 Chron. 26. Christ himself spoke not of himsel nor was his Doctrine his own but his that sent him Iohn 5 7. Q. How must a man be called A. First Internally by the Spirit moving his heart and furnishing him with graces fit for so high a Calling Secondly Externally by the Church to which twofold calling we must yield obedience and not resist and run from it as Ionah did Q. How shall we know the inward call of the Spirit from the stattering concept of our Fancies A. If we are called by the Spirit we have no other ends but Gods glory and the salvation of souls we seek Christ for his miracles not for his loaves we will not trust to our own strength learning or eloquence but will disclaim our own sufficiency with the Apostle will accuse our own uncircumcised and defiled lips with Mos●s and Esay and will rely onely upon the goodnesse and promise of God who will give us wisdome and will put in our mouths what we shall speak Quest. How many sorts of callings are there in the Church A. Two to wit Extraordinary as that of the Apostles Evangelists and Prophets and Ordinary as the callings of Presbyters or Bishops of preaching Prophets or Pastors and of Deacons Q. Can both these callings be in one ma● A. Yes for Ieremy and Ezechiel were ordinary Priests and Levites yet were extraordinary Prophets So Luther had an ordinary Function in the
the Prophet and the Ecclesiasticks out of their hands Nine and forty of the said citizens were after a most barbarous manner put to death Hereupon the Prophet cried out that all those who should do any violence to those enemies of God should do God a very high peice of service whence it came to passe that some were torn in peices with Hooks and not a few killed by Knipperdoling himself Upon the four and twentieth of Iune which is the day of the Nativity of Iohn Baptist in the year one thousand five hundred thirty four at Munster or rather Monster for so may that place be called from the monstrous and portentous pullulation of Anabaptists there sprung from Hell another new Prophet one Iohn Tuysentschreuer a Goldsmith of Warendorp The people being generally summoned to the Market place this man acquainted them that the most holy Prophet Iohn Buckhold of Leiden was to be exalted to Kingly Dignity and that he should inherit the eternal seat of his Father David and should possesse it with farre greater Majesty Having prophecied these things Buckhold kneeling down confirmed all saying that so much had been revealed to him from God the Father ten dayes before though it was against his inclination to undertake the difficulties of Government The common people being astonished at this extravagant piece of villany tore their hair as they went yet however some might smell out the cheat fear was able to stifle all murtering For this Beast fatten'd for destruction having been very successeful in some encounters had now assum'd what Authority he pleased Behold he that at Leiden was but a Botcher is made King at Munster Iohn Buckhold is invested with all the Regalia of supreme Authority Having hereupon immediately degraded the twelve Counsellours of State according to the wonted manner he constitutes a Viceroy a Controller of his houshold four Huissers or common Cryers a Noble man a Chancellour Cup-bearers Carvers and Tasters and Master-builders and disposed of all other offices as Princes use to do The Kingly robes were some made of waterd stuffes some made of silk some of pure silk some scarlet some made more sumptuous with the Gold of the Ornaments which the sacriledge had furnished him with so that it can hardly be expressed how artificially how gallantly how indeed Emperor-like they were interwoven being embroyder'd with gold edg'd scollop'd and dispos'd into divers colours His spurs were gilt with gold and he had two Crownes of solid gold and a golden scabbard The King walking in these ornaments two young men in a Courtly and magnificent habit one of each side of him accompanied him whereof one carried a naked sword the handle whereof glister'd with gold and precious stones the other held up the holy Bible together with a golden Crown shining with most excellent pearls A certain jewel dazeling the beholders with the bright sparkling of a Diamond and whereat was hanged a golden apple to represent as it were the world wounded through with two swords a cross hang'd at his neck His Scepter was set forth with three golden incirculations His Nobles who were eight and twenty in number clad in green and ashie coloured garments and having on white Turbants accompani'd him The Kings title was THE KING OF IVSTICE THE KING OF THE NEW IERVS ALEM In the Market place there was erected a Throne for him of three steps high which when the King sate in it was adorned with ornaments of more then Attalick sumptuousnesse Some money he caused to be coin'd whereon was this Latin Inscription VERBVM CARO FACTVM QVOD HABITAT IN NOBIS that is The word made flesh which dwelleth in us The City being all this while besieg'd the Prophets and the Doctors published the book call'd THE RESTITVTIONS wherein they endeavoured to defend that monstrous I would say Munstrous and seditious tumult and all those almost infinite inconveniences that were cons●quent to it but to prevent that poysonous Hydra a Gospel antidote was prescrib'd In the moneth of August about S. Bartholomew's day Iohn Tuysentschreuer went sounding a ●rumpet through all the streets thereby inviting all to the Lords Palace where there being a sumptuous feast prepared he magnificently entertained all that came The King himself the Queen and all the Courtiers waited on them At the last course he gave to every one a loaf of unleavened bread saying Take eat and celebrate the Lords death which done the Queen in like manner carried about the Cup by which ceremony the Supper of the Lord or rather that Scean of pleasure wantonness and temerity was certainly very frolickly celebrated Hunger being banished farre enough by this feast the Prophet Tuysentschreuer goes up to preach requiring of them obedience and complyance with the word of God whereunto with one head and as with one eye they unanimously consented This obtained he acquaints them that it was revealed from the heavenly Father that eight and twenty Ecclesiasticks should depart out of this City that should preach our doctrine throughout the world whose names he recommended and designed the w●y they were to take their journey that is to say six for Osenburg as many for Warendorp eight for Soyst for which quarter he himself was one and the rest for Coesveld These exercises performed the King went to Supper and at the second watch of the night caused the forementioned Apostles to take their journey giving unto each of them a peece of gold with this charge that neglecting their own safety they should deposit it for a note and testimony of consequent condemnation wherever they bestowed it They went their Wayes and never returned again all having except one who escaped the Gallows met with punishments corespondent to their sedition For being entred the fore-recommended Cities they in a direful manner howl'd out their Repent repent the axe is laid to the root of the Tree if you repent not and be rebaptized woe be to you ye are undone But the several Senates of the said Cities caused them to be apprehended and brought before them to give an account of themselves who answered That they were divine Preachers of the Gospel called and sent by God and that all those who would receive their doctrine must be baptized and that all things were to be made common but to those that should neglect these things they were to leave the golden coin of eternal damnation Nay further That the Gospel had not been preached as it should have been since the times of Christ and the Apostles but that there were two Prophets the Progeny of truth it self slip'd down as it were from Heaven viz. Iohn of Leyden and David George born at Delph in the Low-countries that there were many false Prophets that is to say the Pope of Rome and Martin Luther of Wittemberg who was worse then the Pope Being taken and cast into Irons they were asked by what Right