sun_n theorem_fw-la the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n pass_v through_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o all_o those_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v but_o instead_o of_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o other_o place_n that_o do_v supply_v the_o place_n which_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n and_o in_o which_o the_o globe_n do_v hang._n for_o instance_n if_o that_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n in_o map_n of_o straight_a line_n the_o meridian_n be_v straight_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o top_n or_o uppermost_a part_n unto_o the_o bottom_n in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n they_o be_v those_o crooked_a line_n which_o join_v in_o the_o pole_n norizou_n the_o norizou_n sight_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o great_a imaginary_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n which_o terminate_v the_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o rational_a horizon_n that_o it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o visible_a horizon_n which_o be_v improper_o so_o call_v it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n but_o a_o wooden_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v sustain_v with_o its_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o serve_v instead_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v term_v the_o wooden_a horizon_n and_o simple_o the_o horizon_n these_o be_v the_o definition_n who_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o attain_v the_o follow_a doctrine_n beside_o which_o it_o behove_v we_o to_o borrow_v from_o astronomy_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n star_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n the_o first_o and_o common_a motion_n be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o be_v carry_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n to_o arise_v to_o we_o to_o make_v the_o meridian_n and_o to_o set_v and_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n every_o one_o of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o sun_n every_o day_n by_o this_o their_o common_a motion_n seem_v to_o deseribe_v parallel_n circle_n unto_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v perform_v upon_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o this_o motion_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o square_n by_o which_o we_o measure_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o parallel_n in_o every_o hour_n they_o pass_v fifteen_o degree_n through_o the_o meridian_n both_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o every_o other_o parallel_n for_o 360_o degree_n divide_v by_o 24_o the_o hour_n give_v unto_o every_o hour_n fifteen_o and_o therefore_o one_o hour_n and_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v a_o equal_a proportion_n the_o horary_a circle_n show_v the_o hour_n which_o circle_n be_v affix_v unto_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v see_v in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n where_o the_o pin_n or_o hand_n adher_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o the_o horary_a circle_n to_o show_v the_o hour_n sun_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n second_o the_o proper_a and_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v also_o annual_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n or_o rather_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n or_o contrary_a to_o its_o first_o motion_n the_o time_n or_o number_n of_o the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v unto_o the_o same_o point_n from_o whence_o it_o depart_v or_o in_o which_o it_o perform_v its_o whole_a period_n or_o circle_n be_v term_v a_o year_n now_o such_o a_o year_n be_v 361_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o way_n of_o this_o second_o solary_a motion_n be_v term_v the_o ecliptic_a as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n which_o be_v call_v sign_n for_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v these_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o this_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v lie_v and_o from_o these_o constellation_n denominate_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o because_o that_o all_o constellation_n represent_v the_o form_n of_o animal_n therefore_o the_o ancient_n term_v that_o way_n or_o ecliptic_a weaven_n the_o zodiac_n zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o weaven_n the_o zodiac_n yet_o those_o which_o speak_v more_o distinct_o call_v the_o zodiac_n a_o zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o heaven_n who_o middle_a be_v the_o very_a ecliptic_a itself_o or_o path_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o extreme_a part_n from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v distant_a from_o it_o eight_o degree_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a motion_n from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o which_o motion_n they_o do_v not_o describe_v the_o ecliptic_a itself_o but_o path_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o declination_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o exceed_v not_o 8_o degree_n therefore_o they_o do_v attribute_v 16_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o zodiac_n viz._n eight_o from_o both_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o which_o the_o planet_n be_v always_o move_v neither_o do_v they_o ever_o move_v out_o of_o it_o and_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o by_o a_o annual_a motion_n in_o which_o it_o always_o keep_v its_o fix_a course_n moreover_o the_o sign_n or_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o zodiac_n pass_v be_v these_o march_v 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr zodiac_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la june_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♋_o ♌_o â™_o cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la september_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♎_o â™_o â™_o libra_n scorpius_n sagitarius_n december_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o capricorn_n aquarius_n pisces_fw-la moreover_o the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la ecliptic_a ecliptic_a so_o that_o its_o great_a distance_n be_v twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o about_o thirty_o minute_n where_o therefore_o the_o ecliptic_a cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la which_o he_o do_v in_o two_o point_n in_o one_o of_o these_o be_v place_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o account_v of_o the_o sigus_fw-la in_o those_o point_v the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o cause_v the_o equality_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o place_n as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a quarter_n we_o begin_v to_o number_v from_o that_o point_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n to_o we_o that_o be_v we_o be_v situate_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o first_o sign_n or_o first_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v term_v aries_n the_o second_o taurus_n the_o three_o gemini_fw-la and_o so_o forth_o as_o aforesaid_a because_o about_o twenty_o age_n past_a those_o sign_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v in_o these_o very_a part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a every_o one_o of_o these_o twelve_o sign_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o degree_n for_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a have_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o degree_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 12_o make_v 30._o moreover_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n pass_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a that_o be_v 360_o degree_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n hence_o we_o collect_v that_o in_o every_o day_n he_o pass_v 59_o minute_n and_o 8_o second_o which_o be_v something_o less_o than_o a_o degree_n sun_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o as_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n time_n or_o 12_o month_n run_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a or_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n so_o also_o in_o every_o month_n he_o pass_v about_o one_o sign_n but_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o sign_n be_v not_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n but_o on_o the_o 21th_o day_n of_o every_o month_n and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o the_o gregorian_a calendar_n and_o on_o the_o 11_o day_n of_o every_o month_n according_a to_o the_o old_a julian_n account_n viz._n on_o the_o 21th_o of_o march_n he_o enter_v the_o sign_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o very_a section_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a with_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o on_o the_o 21th_o of_o april_n he_o enter_v taurus_n and_o so_o on_o now_o
shadow_n the_o shadow_n receive_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n into_o which_o they_o be_v cast_v as_o the_o oriental_a shadow_n which_o tend_v into_o the_o east_n from_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o west_n contrariwise_o the_o occidental_a shadow_n which_o go_v into_o the_o western_a plaga_fw-la or_o quater_fw-la but_o here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o meridian_n shadow_n which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n or_o which_o be_v cast_v from_o body_n perpendicular_o erect_v or_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o this_o be_v two_o fold_n viz._n northern_a and_o southern_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v term_v heteroscij_fw-la where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v be_v constant_o carry_v all_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o either_o pole_n the_o periscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o shadow_n of_o erect_a body_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v carry_v about_o into_o all_o the_o plagas_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n or_o where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n be_v cast_v to_o both_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o erect_a body_n in_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n and_o on_o othersom_a to_o the_o south_n proposition_n i._o the_o shadow_n of_o body_n erect_v above_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a fall_v upon_o the_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n exi_v dyall_v of_o shadow_n in_o reference_n to_o optic_n and_o dyall_v those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n and_o horology_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o a_o shadow_n a_o opac_n and_o luminous_a body_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a but_o the_o term_n or_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o right_a line_n for_o because_o the_o opac_n the_o shadow_n and_o line_n conceal_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opac_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o shadow_n make_v a_o triangle_n now_o every_o triangle_n be_v in_o one_o plain_a therefore_o those_o three_o line_n shall_v be_v in_o one_o plain_a the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o line_n conjoin_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o opacity_n and_o the_o shadow_n moreover_o a_o erect_a body_n be_v right_a to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a wherefore_o the_o plain_a draw_v through_o it_o viz._n that_o of_o the_o forementioned_a triangle_n be_v also_o straight_o to_o that_o horizontal_n plain_a and_o therefore_o seat_v in_o the_o vertical_a plain_n and_o because_o a_o body_n erect_v be_v seat_v as_o it_o be_v a_o vertex_fw-la between_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n therefore_o the_o sun_n and_o shadow_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n there_o be_v three_o part_n of_o this_o shadow_n which_o the_o style_v erect_v be_v illuminate_v from_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v viz._n a_o dense_n shadow_n a_o central_n and_o a_o shadow_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o dense_n shadow_n which_o a_o ray_n come_v from_o the_o uppermost_a edge_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v terminate_v a_o central_n shadow_n be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o superior_a edge_n and_o the_o centrel_n ray_n the_o penumbra_fw-mi be_v that_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o central_n ray_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o low_a proposition_n ii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la the_o people_n in_o the_o tropic_n be_v heteroscij_fw-la for_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n that_o very_a day_n the_o body_n erect_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n do_v absorbe_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n possess_v their_o meridian_n because_o that_o then_o the_o sun_n perpendicular_o from_o his_o vertex_fw-la hang_v over_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o illuminate_v all_o part_n of_o it_o neither_o do_v any_o ray_n from_o the_o erect_a opac_n hinder_v like_o this_o which_o perpendicular_o fall_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o lie_v in_o the_o very_a opac_n but_o in_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n because_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a towards_o the_o south_n therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v in_o the_o meridies_n towards_o the_o north_n never_o towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n every_o day_n it_o be_v cast_v towards_o the_o south_n except_o on_o one_o day_n in_o which_o there_o will_v be_v no_o shadow_n never_o towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iii_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v amphiscii_n amphiscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v call_v amphiscii_n let_v any_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o latitude_n which_o shall_v cut_v the_o ecliptic_a in_o two_o point_n be_v describe_v by_o chalk_n apply_v when_o therefore_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a he_o shall_v describe_v by_o his_o circumvolution_n a_o parallel_n which_o shall_v direct_o hang_v over_o the_o parallel_n describe_v and_o therefore_o on_o those_o two_o day_n in_o which_o he_o obtain_v those_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o the_o assume_v place_n and_o in_o all_o situate_v in_o the_o describe_v parallel_n he_o shall_v be_v vertical_a in_o the_o meridies_n and_o illustrate_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o no_o shadow_n shall_v be_v cast_v on_o these_o two_o day_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v be_v amphiscii_n without_o any_o shadow_n but_o on_o the_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o but_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n shall_v either_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o north_n or_o to_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o lie_v in_o those_o two_o point_n before_o note_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v situate_v from_o those_o two_o point_n towards_o the_o north._n proposition_n iu._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v heteroscii_n heteroscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v heteroscii_n for_o because_o the_o sun_n in_o all_o those_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o meridies_n be_v move_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o that_o quarter_n to_o wit_n the_o south_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o follow_v from_o the_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o north_n temperate_a zone_n bend_v to_o the_o same_o quarter_n all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n the_o north_n on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o south_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n proposition_n v._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v periscii_n periscii_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v call_v periscii_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o some_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n set_v not_o in_o these_o place_n but_o move_v round_o about_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o shadow_n shall_v be_v carry_v round_o into_o all_o quarter_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o inferior_a semicircle_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o southern_a quarter_n proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o any_o shadow_n and_o in_o what_o day_n the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o north_n and_o in_o what_o to_o the_o south_n let_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n become_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n give_v be_v find_v those_o shall_v be_v the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v without_o a_o shadow_n for_o this_o use_v the_o mode_n in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n vii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v amphiscii_n
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the_o line_n leave_v behind_o viz._n once_o before_o noon_n and_o once_o after_o noon_n the_o sun_n also_o in_o these_o day_n will_v seem_v to_o inflect_v his_o course_n zone_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n take_v any_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o his_o latitude_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n be_v describe_v which_o shall_v cut_v the_o ecliptic_a in_o two_o point_n i_o say_v that_o whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v in_o the_o intercept_a arch_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o this_o parallel_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la tropic_n in_o those_o day_n the_o sun_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v twice_o retrograde_a and_o go_v over_o the_o line_n leave_v behind_o let_v any_o of_o the_o point_n of_o that_o arch_n be_v take_v and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v describe_v viz._n which_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o point_n describe_v by_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n for_o example_n take_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n and_o another_o of_o their_o tropic_n for_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o description_n of_o a_o parallel_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n touch_v the_o parallel_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o this_o seat_n or_o in_o this_o quarter_n will_v seem_v to_o bend_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o shadow_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v retrograde_a from_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o meridian_n line_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o that_o you_o apply_v the_o quadrant_n to_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o parallel_n you_o shall_v see_v in_o that_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n touch_v the_o parallel_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o quarter_n he_o have_v leave_v and_o set_v in_o that_o quarter_n in_o which_o some_o hour_n before_o he_o be_v corollary_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o against_o nature_n that_o the_o shadow_n shall_v go_v back_o on_o sun-dials_n but_o than_o it_o be_v miraculous_a if_o that_o it_o be_v do_v sudden_o in_o a_o note_a space_n also_o if_o it_o repeat_v the_o lineary_a hour_n viz._n if_o that_o the_o style_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a but_o parallel_n to_o the_o mundane_a axletree_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a yet_o do_v not_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n itself_o show_v the_o hour_n but_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n part_n of_o which_o be_v conceal_v in_o the_o mind_n on_o the_o dial_n if_o that_o it_o be_v want_v proposition_n fourteen_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o one_o day_n of_o those_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o bend_v his_o course_n and_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n seem_v to_o go_v back_o to_o find_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n then_o shall_v be_v and_o the_o hour_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v at_o the_o give_v day_n and_o let_v it_o be_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o let_v the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v with_o chalk_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o point_n describe_v let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o so_o turn_v about_o until_o it_o touch_v the_o describe_v parallel_n so_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o quadrant_n in_o the_o horizon_n shall_v show_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o now_o that_o the_o hour_n may_v be_v find_v let_v that_o point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v note_v in_o which_o the_o contact_n be_v make_v let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o twelve_o
who_o live_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la those_o who_o live_v under_o the_o very_a aequator_fw-la if_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o northern_a pole_n they_o then_o have_v the_o east_n on_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o their_o left_a but_o if_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o southern_a pole_n it_o be_v contrariwise_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n to_o they_o their_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o sun_n go_v in_o the_o northern_a semicircle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v seem_v to_o rise_v and_o set_v behind_o they_o but_o perambulate_v the_o other_o semicircle_n he_o will_v seem_v before_o they_o the_o contrary_n happen_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n and_o the_o contrary_n will_v also_o be_v observe_v if_o you_o turn_v your_o face_n towards_o the_o pole_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o circumvolution_n and_o may_v be_v illustrate_v on_o the_o globe_n but_o mariner_n and_o other_o unskilful_a of_o the_o celestial_a motion_n be_v wont_a to_o wonder_v at_o it_o when_o they_o sail_v from_o our_o hemisphere_n into_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n proposition_n iu._n the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o antoeci_n compare_v among_o themselves_o be_v thus_o 1._o they_o have_v the_o same_o meridies_n 1._o see_v propos_fw-fr 1._o the_o same_o midnight_n and_o reckon_v all_o their_o hour_n together_o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 2._o they_o have_v contrary_a season_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o when_o it_o be_v spring_n in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v autumn_n in_o another_o when_o that_o have_v summer_n this_o have_v winter_n 2._o proposition_n 2._o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 3._o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o day_n of_o this_o to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o former_a 4._o when_o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n increase_v to_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o decrease_n even_o to_o the_o short_a for_o they_o have_v opposite_a equal_a day_n in_o their_o calendar_n for_o example_n the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n at_o the_o twenty_o of_o april_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o twenty_o of_o october_n in_o the_o other_o place_n 5._o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v together_o to_o they_o but_o on_o other_o day_n soon_o to_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o also_o in_o those_o two_o day_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o same_o altitude_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o antoeci_n at_o every_o moment_n of_o time_n but_o on_o other_o day_n a_o different_a altitude_n 6._o to_o those_o that_o turn_v their_o face_n one_o towards_o another_o or_o those_o who_o regard_v the_o aequator_fw-la to_o one_o the_o sun_n shall_v seem_v to_o rise_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o set_v on_o the_o left_a and_o to_o the_o other_o to_o rise_v and_o set_v contrary_a after_o the_o same_o mode_n all_o the_o star_n shall_v rise_v to_o one_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o to_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a 7._o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v behind_o to_o the_o one_o he_o rise_v and_o set_v before_o to_o the_o other_o contrariwise_o to_o this_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n when_o to_o that_o on_o the_o right_n 8._o they_o have_v the_o divers_a pole_n elevate_v by_o a_o equal_a elevation_n 9_o the_o star_n appear_v perpetual_o to_o one_o place_n or_o not_o set_v never_o arise_v to_o the_o other_o place_n but_o always_o remain_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n contrariwise_o those_o which_o never_o set_v to_o this_o place_n never_o rise_v to_o that_o these_o be_v all_o manifest_a from_o the_o globe_n proposition_n v._o those_o which_o inhabit_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v no_o antoeci_n but_o the_o perioeci_n of_o those_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o antipode_n of_o these_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o perioeci_n for_o they_o be_v mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o antoeci_n and_o antipode_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o probation_n proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n of_o the_o same_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o as_o many_o degree_n as_o be_v intercept_v between_o this_o and_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v so_o many_o be_v number_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n then_o let_v the_o index_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n and_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n give_v also_o that_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n shall_v show_v the_o other_o 12_o hour_n so_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n give_v shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o perioeci_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n subject_v to_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n proposition_n vii_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v every_o day_n and_o every_o night_n equal_a every_o one_o of_o the_o star_n also_o remain_v a_o equal_a time_n above_o their_o orison_n the_o same_o star_n never_o set_v the_o same_o star_n never_o rise_v the_o sun_n every_o day_n and_o all_o the_o star_n also_o rise_v and_o set_v to_o they_o in_o the_o same_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o hour_n also_o the_o star_n be_v equal_o elevavate_v above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depress_v beneath_o it_o they_o have_v the_o same_o pole_n equal_o elevate_v their_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o same_o pole_n the_o star_n rise_v to_o they_o from_o the_o same_o side_n and_o set_v on_o the_o same_o side_n they_o have_v the_o same_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n winter_n together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n except_v the_o singular_a property_n of_o some_o place_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o one_o certain_a parallel_n be_v take_v and_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v near_o its_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o all_o place_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o parallel_n viz._n if_o that_o every_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o then_o will_v be_v manifest_a what_o this_o proposition_n contain_v proposition_n viii_o the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o perioeci_n compare_v one_o with_o another_o be_v thus_o together_o the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o perioeci_n compare_v together_o 1._o they_o have_v all_o those_o thing_n common_a which_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o parallel_n 2._o they_o reckon_v contrary_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o reality_n but_o yet_o the_o same_o in_o name_n viz._n when_o in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v noon_n and_o the_o 12_o meridian_n hour_n then_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v midnight_n and_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o midnight_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o number_n 1_o 2_o 3_o from_o midnight_n whilst_o they_o number_v 1_o 2_o 3_o from_o midnoon_n 3._o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinox_n the_o sun_n set_v to_o one_o place_n whilst_o it_o rise_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n be_v the_o night_n of_o another_o but_o on_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n on_o the_o half_a year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o vicine_fw-la semicircle_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n it_o first_o rise_v to_o one_o place_n before_o he_o set_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o some_o hour_n or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o have_v both_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n conspicuous_a together_o viz._n whilst_o the_o sun_n tend_v towards_o the_o set_n to_o one_o place_n he_o begin_v to_o ascend_v towards_o the_o meridian_n to_o the_o other_o have_v now_o emerge_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o in_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n autumn_n and_o winter_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n run_v the_o
perioeci_n and_o what_o hour_n they_o do_v not_o see_v it_o together_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n give_v be_v find_v at_o the_o day_n give_v and_o let_v the_o time_n of_o his_o stay_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n that_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n be_v find_v half_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n first_o rise_v to_o one_o place_n before_o he_o set_v to_o another_o and_o set_v late_a also_o to_o that_o place_n than_o he_o arise_v to_o this_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n i._o the_o hour_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o another_o place_n give_v out_o by_o the_o globe_n the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n be_v find_v out_o let_v the_o place_n who_o hour_n be_v give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n the_o index_n to_o that_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n such_o as_o be_v give_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o other_o give_v place_n come_v under_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n in_o that_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n demand_v of_o this_o other_o place_n proposition_n ii_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n be_v give_v or_o of_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o at_o that_o hour_n the_o meridies_n be_v also_o those_o in_o which_o it_o be_v midnight_n also_o those_o in_o which_o be_v what_o hour_n we_o please_v the_o problem_n shall_v be_v propound_v concern_v the_o earth_n if_o we_o will_v act_v scientifical_o for_o it_o be_v a_o affection_n of_o the_o earth_n understand_v the_o same_o concern_v many_o other_o follow_v problem_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o give_v hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o meridies_n so_o the_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n from_o the_o elevate_a pole_n to_o the_o pole_n depress_v be_v those_o which_o have_v the_o meridies_n at_o the_o time_n give_v but_o if_o the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o that_o the_o index_n may_v show_v the_o 12_o inferior_a hour_n the_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v those_o in_o which_o the_o midnight_n than_o shall_v be_v if_o we_o desire_v place_n in_o which_o be_v any_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v that_o hour_n if_o the_o place_n subject_n to_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v those_o that_o be_v seek_v proposition_n iii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v give_v the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n to_o find_v the_o hour_n at_o the_o time_n of_o that_o altitude_n day_n rule_n for_o the_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o give_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o give_v day_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o let_v that_o be_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n then_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v altitude_n be_v note_v in_o it_o and_o let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n then_o let_v the_o globe_n and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v move_v until_o the_o note_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n agree_v with_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o quadrant_n in_o that_o situation_n the_o sun_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n demand_v proposition_n iu._n a_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v behold_v sometime_o of_o the_o day_n give_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n compass_n mariner_n observe_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o compass_n let_v all_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o the_o quadrant_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la let_v his_o end_n or_o extremity_n be_v bring_v to_o that_o quarter_n of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o that_o point_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o quadrant_n in_o this_o situation_n the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n proposition_n v._o the_o sun_n shine_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o globe_n to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n give_v or_o the_o latitude_n thereof_o which_o be_v give_v let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o give_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v place_v at_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n then_o let_v a_o needle_n be_v fix_v perpendicular_o at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o which_o be_v better_o let_v the_o spherical_a gnomon_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o that_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o gnomon_n fix_v on_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o needle_n make_v no_o shadow_n on_o the_o globe_n in_o this_o situation_n the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o demand_v hour_n proposition_n vi_o a_o hour_n of_o our_o numeration_n be_v give_v to_o find_v what_o hour_n it_o be_v from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v the_o babylonish_n or_o norimbergian_a hour_n in_o time_n past_o the_o babylonian_n and_o now_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o norimberg_n and_o some_o other_o people_n reckon_v 24_o hour_n from_o one_o rise_v of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o next_o day_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v from_o the_o day_n give_v let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n give_v then_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a let_v the_o index_n be_v reduce_v to_o 12_o which_o be_v do_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v from_o the_o set_n to_o the_o rise_n until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n and_o in_o the_o horary_a cycle_n let_v the_o hour_n be_v reckon_v from_o 12_o towards_o the_o east_n or_o rise_n even_o to_o the_o index_n for_o these_o be_v the_o babylonish_n or_o norimberg_n hour_n seek_v for_o proposition_n vii_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o hour_n be_v give_v from_o the_o babylonish_n rise_v to_o find_v out_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o numeration_n which_o be_v from_o midnight_n or_o midnoon_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o west_n until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n give_v on_o the_o cycle_n from_o the_o east_n which_o be_v do_v let_v the_o index_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o then_o let_v the_o globe_n again_o be_v move_v until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v next_o pass_v through_o and_o let_v the_o hour_n be_v number_v from_o 12_o to_o the_o index_n towards_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v make_v so_o shall_v be_v find_v the_o hour_n of_o our_o number_n from_o the_o meridies_n or_o midnight_n proposition_n viii_o a_o hour_n of_o our_o reckon_a be_v give_v to_o find_v what_o hour_n it_o be_v from_o the_o precede_a set_v of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v the_o italian_a hour_n hour_n of_o italian_a hour_n at_o this_o day_n in_o many_o place_n of_o italy_n and_o in_o time_n pass_v in_o greece_n they_o number_v 24_o hour_n from_o one_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o follow_v or_o next_o set_v to_o find_v out_o which_o we_o must_v thus_o do_v from_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o numeration_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o
parallel_n direct_o ascend_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o other_o place_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a to_o the_o horizon_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v that_o be_v by_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n proposition_n vii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o constellation_n require_v the_o great_a time_n to_o arise_v and_o set_v and_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o place_n at_o a_o equal_a time_n let_v two_o place_n be_v take_v on_o the_o globe_n unequal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v and_o observe_v separately_z for_o each_o of_o they_o how_o much_o time_n any_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n require_v to_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n viz._n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o whole_a sign_n be_v rise_v the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n elapse_v in_o the_o space_n whilst_o the_o sign_n arise_v for_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o time_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a proposition_n viii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v or_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v in_o any_o give_a quarter_n globe_n to_o find_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o any_o quarter_n by_o the_o globe_n this_o problem_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v shall_v be_v propound_v and_o resolve_v concern_v the_o earth_n itself_o if_o that_o we_o will_v act_v according_a to_o art_n for_o these_o affection_n belong_v unto_o it_o but_o they_o be_v propound_v concern_v the_o globe_n because_o here_o it_o represent_v the_o earth_n although_o another_o method_n must_v be_v use_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o construction_n which_o although_o it_o can_v only_o be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o may_v hinder_v in_o the_o practice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o day_n and_o the_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v observe_v to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o its_o parallel_n in_o any_o point_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o be_v place_v 11._o see_v chap._n 23._o proposit_n 11._o the_o solution_n of_o which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o 23_o chapter_n proposition_n 11._o proposition_n ix_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a first_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v find_v be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o the_o supereminent_a point_n then_o let_v those_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n and_o let_v they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n these_o be_v do_v that_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v the_o place_n which_o be_v demand_v viz._n that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n x._o note_v further_o note_v the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n from_o who_o vertex_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v distant_a the_o give_v degree_n at_o that_o hour_n but_o the_o give_v degree_n must_v not_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o or_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n or_o the_o give_v depression_n beneath_o it_o but_o the_o altitude_n give_v must_v not_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n as_o likewise_o the_o depression_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n give_v and_o let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o imminent_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la give_fw-mi be_v note_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n pass_v be_v those_o from_o who_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v distance_n or_o above_o 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length_n unto_o these_o they_o add_v four_o other_o to_o wit_n of_o those_o that_o blow_n from_o these_o quarter_n 1._o in_o the_o quarter_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n do_v arise_v when_o the_o winter_n solstice_n be_v between_o the_o east_n and_o south_n which_o quarter_n be_v call_v the_o winter_n solstice_n of_o the_o east_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v term_v eurus_n for_o they_o call_v the_o east-wind_n itself_o subsolanus_n but_o gellius_n call_v it_o vulturnus_n and_o he_o will_v rather_o have_v the_o eastern_a wind_n call_v eurus_n 2._o in_o which_o the_o sun_n set_v which_o be_v call_v africus_n and_o lyb_n 3._o in_o which_o it_o rise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n between_o the_o east_n eurus_n and_o the_o north_n which_o quarter_n be_v call_v the_o solstitial_a rise_n absolute_o and_o the_o wind_n be_v term_v by_o they_o aquilo_n 4._o in_o which_o he_o set_v in_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n which_o quarter_n be_v term_v the_o summer_n or_o solsticial_a set_n 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intermedial_a wind_n so_o that_o there_o be_v 12_o wind_n every_o one_o of_o which_o they_o design_v by_o their_o proper_a term_n although_o that_o some_o other_o reckon_v otherwise_o the_o latin_n beside_o these_o twelve_o add_v the_o name_n of_o twelve_o more_o which_o blow_n between_o two_o of_o the_o former_a twelve_o the_o follow_a diagram_n show_v their_o appellation_n and_o order_n in_o which_o the_o greek_a wind_n be_v note_v by_o great_a letter_n and_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v interpose_v between_o every_o two_o be_v note_v by_o lesser_a letter_n yet_o seneca_n note_v that_o this_o inconveniency_n be_v long_o since_o observe_v by_o varro_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o order_v these_o twelve_o wind_n thus_o that_o every_o two_o shall_v be_v distant_a by_o equal_a distance_n not_o have_v any_o regard_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o solary_a quarter_n but_o in_o that_o seneca_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o wind_n than_o twelve_o be_v false_a and_o 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consideration_n of_o the_o aeolopila_n conduce_v much_o to_o the_o more_o easy_a understanding_n of_o these_o cause_n into_o which_o the_o water_n include_v fire_n be_v put_v to_o it_o by_o a_o arrow_n orifice_n send_v forth_o the_o wind_n with_o a_o great_a force_n until_o that_o all_o the_o water_n be_v exhale_v now_o these_o retain_v the_o place_n of_o a_o narrow_a orifice_n in_o the_o air_n 1._o the_o more_o dense_a circumstantial_a air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o same_o vicine_fw-la air_n be_v force_v by_o or_o prohibit_v to_o give_v place_n by_o other_o vapour_n or_o mist_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v more_o condense_a towards_o one_o quarter_n and_o so_o lay_v open_v a_o way_n to_o blast_n proposition_n xi_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v so_o that_o they_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n over_o the_o horizon_n or_o why_o the_o go_v forth_o of_o the_o wind_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o wind_n so_o blow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a â—ine_o over_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n do_v encompass_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o although_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o air_n to_o be_v force_v according_a to_o a_o transverse_a line_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a force_n from_o the_o side_n and_o great_a resistance_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o wind_n incumb_fw-la into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o passage_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o commodious_o conceive_v this_o mode_n if_o that_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n for_o the_o sun_n thrust_v forward_o the_o air_n towards_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o place_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v vertical_a but_o that_o force_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o all_o as_o i_o have_v say_v if_o that_o now_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n draw_v from_o that_o place_n and_o among_o these_o those_o in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v forward_o all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n seat_v in_o this_o circle_n or_o semicircle_n shall_v find_v the_o wind_n fall_v down_o perpendicular_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o any_o place_n of_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n if_o that_o at_o any_o time_n the_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o a_o thick_a fog_n or_o dissolve_v cloud_n but_o those_o place_n that_o be_v situate_v without_o these_o circle_n feel_v not_o the_o wind_n although_o that_o the_o air_n be_v move_v above_o their_o horizon_n because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o perpendicular_a to_o that_o
indian_n orancan_n it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n especial_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o sian_n china_n and_o japan_n between_o malacca_n and_o japan_n this_o violent_o break_v almost_o from_o the_o western_a quarter_n and_o be_v whirl_v about_o the_o horizon_n with_o a_o rapid_a course_n perfect_v its_o circumference_n by_o continual_a increase_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o hour_n raise_v those_o vast_a sea_n with_o a_o horrid_a violence_n and_o swell_n the_o billow_n beat_v one_o another_o take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o safety_n from_o the_o mariner_n and_o so_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o typhon_n and_o also_o other_o storm_n sail_v from_o india_n to_o japan_n be_v very_o dangerous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v account_v a_o happy_a voyage_n if_o that_o one_o ship_n of_o three_o keep_v its_o course_n at_o the_o autumnal_a season_n a_o most_o furious_a typhon_n do_v especial_o predominate_a and_o that_o often_o with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o can_v hardly_o believe_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o some_o mighty_a ship_n have_v be_v weaken_v by_o those_o great_a wave_n you_o will_v think_v in_o this_o storm_n that_o heaven_n and_o earth_n will_v meet_v neither_o do_v it_o only_a rage_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o overwhelm_v many_o house_n and_o throw_v up_o huge_a tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o force_v great_a ship_n from_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mariner_n term_v it_o a_o wind_n that_o run_v round_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n it_o seldom_o continue_v above_o six_o hour_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o level_a at_o the_o first_o as_o if_o that_o it_o be_v plain_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a horrible_a wave_n do_v follow_v so_o about_o the_o city_n ardibil_n in_o persia_n in_o june_n and_o july_n every_o day_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o his_o meridian_n height_n a_o whirlwind_n arise_v for_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o a_o great_a dust_n be_v raise_v questionless_a the_o cause_n of_o a_o typhon_n be_v that_o a_o wind_n break_v forth_o with_o violence_n from_o some_o one_o quarter_n towards_o another_o findeth_z a_o obstruction_n in_o this_o and_o therefore_o be_v wreathe_v and_o turn_v into_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v that_o if_o water_n be_v sudden_o move_v if_o that_o a_o obstacle_n be_v put_v in_o its_o way_n it_o move_v in_o a_o round_a sudden_o and_o with_o a_o force_n it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o typhon_n may_v arise_v from_o opposite_a wind_n blow_v together_o violent_o which_o render_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o plain_a and_o comprehend_v the_o ship_n in_o the_o middle_n if_o that_o it_o rush_v from_o above_o it_o be_v call_v caetegis_n and_o then_o it_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o plain_a as_o if_o that_o it_o have_v be_v plain_v but_o present_o mighty_a flood_n or_o wave_n arise_v proposition_n xiii_o whether_o that_o some_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n water_n of_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n we_o easy_o apprehend_v that_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v that_o cavity_n be_v here_o and_o also_o wind_n sulphureous_a substance_n and_o moisture_n now_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o gust_n sufficient_o vehement_a may_v be_v there_o generate_v viz._n if_o that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n hinder_v as_o it_o be_v procreate_v to_o go_v forth_o or_o if_o that_o it_o be_v present_o generate_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n as_o much_o as_o the_o wind_n require_v if_o that_o the_o outlet_n be_v hinder_v a_o earthquake_n be_v generate_v or_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a force_n make_v weigh_v for_o itself_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o earth_n so_o oftentimes_o a_o smoke_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o maarice_n so_o also_o from_o some_o cave_n in_o japan_n be_v a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n with_o great_a noise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o any_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o a_o certain_a wind_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o river_n rivers_n of_o a_o wind_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n experience_a testify_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v discover_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o air_n be_v free_a from_o other_o wind_n from_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n a_o wind_n also_o blow_v from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contiguity_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o water_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v more_o diligent_o observe_v whether_o when_o that_o the_o air_n be_v still_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v discover_v with_o the_o afflux_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o think_v yet_o that_o another_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v force_v from_o the_o place_n by_o the_o flow_a water_n now_o the_o air_n be_v much_o move_v at_o a_o very_a little_a impression_n so_o they_o will_v have_v the_o air_n move_v with_o the_o river_n that_o run_v swift_o proposition_n xv._o why_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la castor_n and_o pollux_n and_o helena_n be_v among_o tempest_n the_o portugal_n call_v they_o corpo_fw-it santo_n the_o spaniard_n st._n elmo_n now_o not_o only_o one_o but_o many_o be_v oftentimes_o behold_v in_o ship_n at_o the_o mast_n wander_v with_o a_o uncertain_a motion_n as_o other_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la although_o that_o sometime_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fix_v on_o the_o sail_n and_o mast_n but_o sometime_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o flame_n or_o a_o candle_n burn_v obscure_o if_o that_o four_o such_o vicine_fw-la light_n be_v see_v the_o portugal_n term_v they_o cora_n de_fw-fr nostra_fw-la seneora_n the_o crown_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n or_o virgin_n mary_n and_o these_o they_o account_v of_o as_o a_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o tempest_n to_o cease_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o fire_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a part_n full_a of_o bitumen_n force_v downward_o through_o that_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o force_v or_o fire_v into_o one_o by_o agitation_n or_o congregation_n so_o we_o see_v by_o agitation_n that_o the_o butter_n of_o milk_n be_v separate_v from_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v also_o collect_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o violent_a tempest_n proceed_v from_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n rarefy_v and_o move_v the_o cloud_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a a_o calm_a in_o the_o sea_n near_o guinee_n and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n ocean_n frequent_a '_o calm_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n about_o wind_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n that_o at_o guinee_n which_o be_v two_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v almost_o a_o perpetual_a calm_a especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n where_o no_o motion_n be_v find_v there_o when_o that_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n situate_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la indeed_o a_o ecnephias_n be_v sometime_o sufficient_o frequent_v there_o but_o this_o also_o be_v desire_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o seaman_n because_o that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o frequent_a ecnephiae_fw-la they_o endeavour_v to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o happen_v very_o often_o that_o ship_n sail_v from_o europe_n to_o india_n be_v detain_v a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la before_o that_o they_o can_v pass_v it_o now_o especial_o they_o avoid_v the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o calm_a there_o and_o therefore_o with_o some_o hindrance_n to_o their_o voyage_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yea_o some_o ship_n be_v detain_v here_o for_o three_o month_n before_o that_o they_o can_v depart_v from_o the_o coast_n into_o the_o mid-sea_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n unless_o perchance_o this_o be_v it_o that_o snow_n be_v find_v intercept_v in_o no_o mountain_n of_o africa_n between_o guinee_n and_o barbary_n which_o may_v generate_v the_o wind_n proposition_n xvii_o in_o some_o region_n the_o tempest_n be_v anniversary_n region_n of_o tempest_n anniversary_n in_o some_o region_n we_o have_v give_v some_o example_n of_o these_o in_o our_o former_a proposition_n viz._n 1._o concern_v the_o mutation_n of_o motion_n 2._o concern_v our_o ecnephias_n 3._o concern_v a_o typhon_n 4._o at_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o june_n and_o july_n 5._o in_o the_o isle_n
contain_v all_o the_o place_n who_o latitude_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o place_n give_v in_o map_n of_o strait_a line_n let_v a_o strait_a line_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o place_n give_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la all_o the_o place_n through_o which_o that_o line_n pass_v shall_v have_v the_o same_o latitude_n with_o the_o place_n give_v in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n let_v the_o periphery_n be_v describe_v pass_v the_o place_n give_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n as_o from_o a_o centre_n so_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n as_o before_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o shall_v be_v find_v but_o if_o no_o certain_a place_n but_o a_o latitude_n be_v give_v let_v one_o fool_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v place_v in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o side_n line_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o then_o the_o parallel_n shall_v be_v describe_v proposition_n vii_o to_o find_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o plaga_fw-la and_o point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n in_o the_o give_v place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o give_v plane_n there_o be_v divers_a way_n by_o which_o the_o line_n fight_v for_o may_v be_v find_v meridian_n rule_n for_o the_o find_v the_o meridian_n first_o the_o most_o easy_a mode_n be_v that_o which_o make_v use_v of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n for_o see_v that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n or_o needle_n of_o the_o compass_n with_o one_o extreme_a look_v to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o north_n the_o extension_n of_o it_o will_v show_v the_o meridian_n line_n but_o because_o in_o very_a few_o place_n it_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a point_n or_o clime_n and_o in_o very_a many_o decline_v from_o they_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v elsewhere_o 38th_o see_v in_o chapter_n the_o 38th_o therefore_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v not_o accurate_o find_v by_o that_o but_o only_o a_o adjoin_a line_n which_o although_o it_o may_v serve_v when_o the_o matter_n be_v 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decrease_v of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n take_v any_o northern_a place_n you_o please_v in_o the_o globe_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n then_o take_v two_o or_o more_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o he_o between_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n he_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n may_v be_v find_v for_o these_o point_n or_o for_o the_o sun_n then_o in_o those_o point_n and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o day_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n being_n more_o remote_a will_v be_v great_a than_o that_o day_n which_o be_v more_o near_o to_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o same_o way_n we_o must_v use_v in_o the_o day_n situate_v between_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o in_o place_n 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the_o pole_n that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o place_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la every_o where_n equal_a in_o excess_n or_o that_o the_o long_a day_n equal_o may_v increase_v pole_n of_o parallel_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n these_o parallel_n shall_v not_o equal_o be_v distant_a one_o from_o another_o viz_o every_o vicine_fw-la couple_n but_o these_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la shall_v have_v a_o less_o distance_n than_o those_o more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v show_v from_o the_o precedent_n for_o if_o these_o parallel_n shall_v be_v equal_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o viz._n every_o two_o vicine_fw-la the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o these_o parallel_n will_v not_o augment_v by_o a_o equal_a increase_n as_o we_o have_v here_o show_v and_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v down_o that_o the_o 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distance_n from_o the_o place_n assume_v the_o spring_n when_o he_o go_v from_o a_o point_n of_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o very_a vertex_fw-la of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n the_o summer_n where_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o this_o other_o point_n of_o middle_a distance_n to_o a_o point_n of_o great_a distance_n that_o be_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n or_o cancer_n 2._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o the_o sun_n no_o day_n of_o the_o year_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n more_o or_o less_o hour_n than_o twelve_o and_o so_o many_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n one_o hour_n or_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o most_o viz._n in_o the_o extreme_a place_n of_o this_o zone_n about_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n when_o the_o day_n be_v at_o the_o long_a the_o 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the_o twenty_o chapter_n whence_o rain_n and_o cloud_n proceed_v by_o which_o the_o heat_n and_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o much_o obstruct_v and_o the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n be_v disturb_v there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o want_v those_o ridge_n as_o the_o inward_a africa_n mexico_n and_o the_o like_a 9_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v various_a and_o notable_a for_o a_o general_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n plagas_fw-la of_o the_o east_n or_o from_o the_o east_n continual_o towards_o the_o west_n refrigerate_v the_o maritime_a place_n which_o regard_v the_o east_n as_o brazilia_n the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n but_o not_o so_o to_o those_o towards_o the_o west_n as_o guiney_n congo_n angola_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o peru._n some_o wind_n be_v appropriate_v as_o the_o south_n in_o peru_n which_o wind_n dispel_v vapour_n towards_o the_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o they_o blow_v some_o be_v fix_v wind_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o treat_v in_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n now_o these_o wind_n do_v very_o much_o disturb_v the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o equal_o constant_a and_o observe_v order_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o they_o bring_v down_o the_o air_n compel_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o by_o other_o mode_n alter_v the_o season_n ten_o anniversary_n rain_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o take_v away_o the_o celestial_a cause_n see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o equal_o constant_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o those_o err_v who_o suppose_v that_o this_o our_o sublunary_a orb_n observe_v all_o with_o inconstancy_n and_o without_o order_n and_o that_o the_o celestial_a only_o have_v a_o constant_a motion_n see_v that_o the_o cause_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o be_v so_o various_a to_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v the_o heat_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o season_n and_o in_o one_o place_n some_o be_v from_o other_o cause_n in_o another_o other_o be_v of_o force_n or_o concur_v in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o mutual_o impede_fw-la one_o another_o hence_o we_o discover_v why_o the_o cause_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o various_a proposition_n xi_o how_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n terrestrial_a do_v behave_v themselves_o and_o in_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o commence_v in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o season_n in_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o
or_o heaven_n which_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v be_v easy_a to_o do_v by_o the_o mariner_n compass_n or_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n the_o globe_n be_v thus_o place_v at_o every_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v and_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v those_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a semicircle_n of_o the_o part_n illuminate_v be_v those_o which_o will_v have_v the_o meridies_n at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n to_o those_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n divide_v the_o illuminate_v part_n from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v the_o sun_n set_v but_o to_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n separate_v the_o illuminate_v part_n from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v the_o sun_n rise_v to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a let_v the_o needle_n or_o spherical_a gromon_n be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o perpendicular_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o part_n illuminate_v until_o it_o make_v no_o shadow_n and_o let_v the_o point_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v 〈◊〉_d for_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n here_o will_v show_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a point_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o observation_n whence_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o time_n to_o wit_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n or_o winter_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v know_v and_o thence_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n unto_o which_o the_o needle_n be_v affix_v give_v no_o shadow_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n and_o the_o parallel_n pass_v through_o this_o place_n will_v exhibit_v all_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v vertical_a on_o that_o day_n moreover_o to_o find_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v so_o place_v or_o hang_v let_v that_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o horary_a circle_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o our_o place_n or_o that_o in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v seat_v do_v come_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n but_o because_o the_o globe_n can_v be_v turn_v round_o when_o it_o be_v affix_v by_o the_o iron_n style_n to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a therefore_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o quadrant_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o periphery_n 113_o â—_o â—_o for_o here_o the_o arch_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o needle_n will_v show_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la whence_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n shall_v be_v find_v the_o same_o arch_n will_v show_v the_o degree_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o whence_o if_o that_o the_o degree_n be_v number_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o these_o degree_n be_v change_v into_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o hour_n hour_n fifteen_o degree_n make_v a_o hour_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v between_o the_o occident_n and_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n that_o be_v of_o our_o place_n but_o if_o that_o it_o be_v between_o the_o east_n and_o our_o meridian_n the_o hour_n find_v out_o must_v be_v subtract_v from_o 12_o and_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n from_o midnight_n if_o that_o such_o a_o brazen_a arch_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o globe_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v 113_o ½_n degree_n it_o may_v be_v bore_v through_o from_o the_o end_n even_o to_o 47_o degree_n that_o be_v from_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o a_o turn_a plate_n be_v insert_v in_o it_o which_o may_v bear_v the_o perpendicular_a style_n and_o so_o there_o will_v neither_o be_v need_n of_o a_o needle_n or_o of_o a_o spherical_a gnomon_n and_o the_o operation_n will_v be_v less_o obnoxious_a to_o error_n proposition_n ii_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v â—o_o place_v as_o in_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v declare_v it_o will_v also_o show_v when_o the_o moon_n shine_v to_o what_o people_n at_o any_o moment_n of_o time_n in_o which_o it_o be_v above_o our_o horizon_n it_o be_v conspicuous_a to_o who_o it_o arise_v to_o who_o it_o set_v and_o to_o who_o it_o be_v vertical_a these_o be_v all_o manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n 1._o see_v proposit_n 1._o proposition_n iii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o any_o day_n by_o so_o much_o the_o sun_n be_v elevate_v to_o a_o lesser_a altitude_n in_o the_o same_o hour_n above_o their_o horizon_n let_v the_o place_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n be_v take_v in_o the_o globe_n for_o these_o do_v reckon_v all_o the_o same_o hour_n and_o that_o at_o once_o then_o let_v a_o parallel_n be_v describe_v for_o any_o assume_v day_n and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o any_o point_n of_o this_o parallel_n be_v far_a distant_a from_o the_o more_o remote_a place_n than_o from_o the_o place_n more_o near_o the_o sun_n therefore_o be_v above_o the_o point_n of_o this_o parallel_n will_v be_v far_a distant_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o remote_a place_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o that_o be_v near_o and_o therefore_o he_o shall_v be_v less_o elevate_v over_o the_o horizon_n of_o those_o place_n than_o of_o these_o proposition_n iv_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v distant_a in_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o winter_n as_o also_o those_o in_o which_o he_o set_v the_o same_o be_v true_a concern_v the_o moon_n and_o all_o the_o planet_n take_v what_o place_n you_o please_v of_o a_o diverse_a distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o let_v the_o point_n be_v note_v in_o the_o horizon_n in_o which_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o cancer_n cut_v it_o a_o comparison_n be_v make_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v appear_v this_o be_v also_o show_v the_o same_o way_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o aequinoctial_a rise_n be_v distant_a in_o the_o east_n on_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o astronomer_n term_v it_o the_o rise_a amplitude_n proposition_n v._o star_n place_v between_o the_o parallel_n of_o any_o place_n lie_v without_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n be_v less_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n between_o this_o parallel_n and_o the_o other_o pole_n of_o those_o situate_v there_o than_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n situate_v between_o this_o parallel_n and_o the_o near_a pole_n etc._n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o star_n etc._n etc._n the_o parallel_n of_o any_o star_n may_v be_v design_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o a_o point_n only_o note_v for_o a_o star_n and_o any_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n be_v assume_v design_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n then_o take_v another_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o other_o pole_n the_o stay_n of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o both_o place_n may_v be_v find_v and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a proposition_n vi_o in_o place_n situate_a in_o and_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o sun_n and_o star_n direct_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n even_o to_o the_o meridian_n and_o so_o descend_v again_o but_o in_o place_n situate_v above_o the_o aequator_fw-la they_o oblique_o ascend_v and_o descend_v and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la star_n of_o the_o ascension_n and_o descension_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n let_v any_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v describe_v on_o the_o globe_n such_o as_o some_o already_o be_v delineate_v on_o the_o globe_n viz._n the_o aequator_fw-la the_o tropic_n and_o some_o intermedial_a one_o then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a horizon_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o
the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n in_o her_o full_a be_v 64_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o n_n l_o shall_v be_v 11_o 15_o and_o the_o proportion_n shall_v be_v make_v thus_o as_o 64_o be_v to_o a_o 11_o 15_o so_o be_v 10000000_o to_o 114583_o which_o be_v the_o sign_n 39_o minute_n therefore_o the_o arch_n h_o l_o be_v less_o than_o 90_o deg._n 39_o minute_n and_o therefore_o 89_o deg._n 21._o minute_n therefore_o in_o the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a constitute_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o people_n to_o who_o the_o moon_n than_o rise_v and_o set_v shall_v not_o be_v those_o which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o very_a horizon_n but_o those_o in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o horizon_n distant_a from_o it_o 39_o minute_n proposition_n xx._n the_o declination_n of_o any_o star_n be_v give_v to_o exhibit_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n unto_o which_o that_o star_n be_v vertical_a in_o his_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n star_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o star_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v declination_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v number_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n or_o let_v a_o parallel_n be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o chalk_n apply_v and_o the_o globe_n turn_v round_o all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n be_v those_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o vertex_fw-la of_o which_o that_o star_n in_o every_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n shall_v possess_v for_o some_o moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o any_o star_n be_v give_v and_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o give_v day_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o those_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n on_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n star_n concern_v the_o ascension_n of_o any_o star_n let_v the_o degree_n give_v of_o the_o right_a ascension_n of_o the_o star_n be_v number_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o chalk_n let_v also_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n find_v from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v let_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la intercept_v between_o these_o two_o note_a point_n be_v observe_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o let_v it_o be_v change_v into_o hour_n or_o scruple_n of_o hour_n for_o they_o show_v the_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o star_n at_o any_o meridian_n this_o do_v let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n or_o scruple_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o 12_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n before_o note_v or_o until_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v pass_v the_o meridian_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v subject_a to_o the_o meridian_n be_v those_o seek_v for_o to_o wit_n those_o in_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o give_v time_n proposition_n xxii_o the_o right_a declination_n and_o ascension_n of_o a_o star_n be_v give_v and_o any_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v give_v to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n first_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o star_n be_v then_o vertical_a second_o all_o those_o place_n above_o who_o orison_n the_o star_n then_o shall_v be_v and_o those_o beneath_o who_o orison_n the_o same_o shall_v then_o be_v also_o those_o in_o who_o meridian_n it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o meridies_n and_o in_o who_o meridian_n it_o shall_v be_v at_o midnight_n also_o in_o all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o star_n shall_v then_o arise_v and_o all_o those_o in_o which_o it_o shall_v then_o set_v from_o the_o direct_a ascension_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o time_n give_v and_o those_o may_v remain_v subject_a to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n then_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v declination_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v for_o this_o be_v the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o star_n shall_v be_v vertical_a at_o the_o time_n let_v it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o latitude_n so_o those_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v have_v that_o star_n at_o the_o give_v time_n in_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o meridies_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o inseriour_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v have_v it_o in_o the_o meridian_n of_o midnight_n and_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o star_n set_v at_o once_o at_o that_o time_n but_o to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o star_n than_o arise_v together_o proposition_n xxiii_o to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n for_o so_o long_a time_n be_v obscure_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n as_o they_o remain_v to_o we_o or_o any_o other_o give_v place_n above_o the_o horizon_n let_v our_o place_n or_o any_o other_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o antaeci_n be_v find_v all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n be_v these_o seek_v for_o as_o may_v be_v show_v on_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o depress_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n find_v proposition_n xxiv_o to_o show_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o day_n soon_o augment_v and_o decrease_v about_o the_o aequinox_n and_o more_o slow_o about_o the_o solstice_n where_o for_o many_o day_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v and_o that_o except_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la solstice_n concern_v the_o augment_v and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n about_o the_o aequinox_n and_o solstice_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v 30_o day_n before_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n from_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o 30_o day_n after_o the_o solstice_n of_o winter_n or_o the_o solstice_n of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o january_n here_o the_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v why_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n or_o stay_v of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n above_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n be_v much_o great_a than_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o 21_o of_o january_n be_v above_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o 4_o day_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o first_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la of_o aries_n capricorn_n and_o aquarius_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v describe_v whereof_o two_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o globe_n viz._n the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o aries_n be_v absent_a a_o far_o long_a interval_n from_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o pisces_fw-la than_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o much_o a_o big_a portion_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o aquarius_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n than_o of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n or_o of_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n itself_o now_o these_o part_n show_v the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n in_o those_o day_n but_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v of_o the_o 1_o of_o aries_n that_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v much_o big_a than_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o pisces_fw-la now_o because_o these_o arch_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n denote_v the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n for_o this_o be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n hence_o we_o
collect_v the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unequal_a increase_n of_o the_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o all_o day_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o here_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v although_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n that_o be_v a_o little_a change_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o this_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n be_v to_o be_v find_v where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o divers_a place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v consider_v in_o both_o situation_n proposition_n xxv_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o those_o situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o sun_n much_o soon_o depart_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la than_o in_o place_n near_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n zone_n of_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v any_o degree_n in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v for_o example_n the_o five_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o another_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v for_o example_n one_o who_o latitude_n be_v 18_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n in_o this_o and_o let_v 5_o degree_n from_o this_o towards_o the_o tropic_a be_v reckon_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o here_o again_o make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n we_o must_v show_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o few_o day_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 5_o degree_n in_o the_o meridies_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o another_o place_n so_o many_o degree_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a come_v under_o some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n near_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o arch_n here_o to_o be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o the_o note_v make_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o the_o place_n and_o let_v this_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o another_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o by_o that_o point_n remove_v five_o degree_n which_o be_v note_v which_o must_v again_o be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o arch_n between_o the_o two_o last_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v reckon_v which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v much_o big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v first_o note_v and_o thence_o the_o sun_n shall_v stay_v in_o this_o arch_n more_o day_n than_o in_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o he_o more_o slow_o recede_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o second_o place_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n take_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o three_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n to_o wit_n the_o comparative_a part_n of_o the_o affection_n from_o compare_v of_o place_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n definition_n 1._o â—he_v circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n definition_n definition_n be_v a_o circle_n pass_v through_o that_o place_n and_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n but_o they_o be_v only_o rational_o distinguish_v because_o the_o meridian_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o celestial_a motion_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o term_n meridian_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o word_n they_o be_v conspicuous_a in_o globe_n and_o map_n pass_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 2._o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o else_o it_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n and_o a_o certain_a other_o meridian_n this_o meridian_n from_o which_o the_o meridian_n of_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v from_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v the_o first_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v term_v its_o extension_n from_o west_n to_o east_n conceive_v according_a to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o map_n and_o globe_n be_v notable_a above_o the_o rest_n for_o magnitude_n and_o colour_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o the_o eye_n 3._o the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o be_v a_o very_a short_a line_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o any_o point_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v true_o say_v to_o represent_v and_o exhibit_v any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o that_o it_o have_v that_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o map_n such_o as_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v have_v to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n i._o nature_n have_v put_v no_o beginning_n or_o end_n to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o the_o extension_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n or_o according_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o beginning_n and_o the_o first_o meridian_n may_v be_v place_v in_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o the_o matter_n must_v be_v more_o full_o search_v into_o etc._n no_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n because_o that_o some_o i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o account_n suppose_v great_a mysterias_fw-la to_o lâ—e_z herein_o that_o every_o superficies_n as_o well_o plane_n as_o crooked_a as_o a_o line_n â—y_a one_o and_o a_o body_n by_o three_o be_v measure_v and_o terminate_v by_o two_o dimension_n or_o extension_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o principle_n of_o geometry_n and_o common_a use_n of_o which_o extension_n one_o be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o extension_n or_o figure_n and_o the_o other_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o one_o be_v conceive_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o other_o neither_o do_v these_o extension_n differ_v in_o their_o nature_n but_o that_o which_o we_o take_v for_o longitude_n may_v also_o be_v take_v for_o latitude_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a but_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o these_o two_o extension_n be_v unequal_a we_o take_v the_o long_a for_o longitude_n and_o the_o short_a for_o latitude_n but_o in_o ordinate_a figure_n as_o in_o the_o aequilateral_a triangle_n a_o quadrate_n and_o the_o like_a the_o two_o extension_n be_v equal_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n between_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n for_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o latitude_n do_v not_o true_o differ_v from_o longitude_n which_o we_o so_o conceive_v in_o it_o for_o the_o more_o distinct_a cognition_n now_o those_o two_o extension_n in_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n be_v commodious_o so_o conceive_v as_o in_o other_o crooked_a superficies_n if_o that_o first_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o semicricle_n be_v take_v in_o it_o draw_v from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o this_o line_n be_v make_v one_o extension_n of_o the_o superficies_n then_o for_o the_o other_o extension_n you_o shall_v take_v another_o periphery_n cut_v the_o former_a periphery_n in_o the_o middle_n at_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v take_v in_o all_o figure_n and_o this_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o extend_v about_o the_o whole_a superficies_n until_o it_o return_v to_o itself_o that_o so_o a_o crooked_a superficies_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v extend_v into_o a_o plane_n because_o therefore_o the_o first_o assume_v periphery_n or_o extension_n be_v only_o the_o semicircle_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o
compliment_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o that_o day_n and_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o observe_v altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o these_o three_o side_n i_o say_v of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n let_v any_o angle_n be_v find_v out_o in_o this_o that_o must_v be_v find_v which_o be_v comprehend_v from_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n and_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o how_o it_o may_v be_v do_v let_v those_o that_o be_v studious_a search_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o trigonometry_n how_o the_o hour_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o any_o time_n 3._o see_v chap._n 29._o proposition_n 3._o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 29_o chap._n and_o the_o 3d._n prop._n which_o may_v satisfy_v most_o student_n in_o geography_n when_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o demand_v a_o exact_a part_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o in_o navigation_n it_o must_v be_v calculate_v except_o some_o who_o resolve_v it_o by_o a_o catholic_n planisphere_n but_o i_o fear_v over_o much_o defect_n in_o horary_a scruple_n in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o star_n must_v be_v apply_v as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o may_v be_v have_v in_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o exhibit_v another_o without_o the_o meridian_n but_o it_o be_v best_o to_o elect_a one_o in_o the_o meridian_n or_o to_o expect_v it_o at_o the_o time_n in_o which_o some_o star_n nigh_o to_o the_o meridian_n come_v unto_o it_o then_o assume_v from_o the_o astronomical_a table_n the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o that_o star_n and_o also_o the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v on_o that_o day_n and_o if_o the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v lesser_a let_v it_o be_v substract_v from_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o star_n if_o great_a let_v his_o compliment_n be_v take_v at_o 360_o degree_n and_o let_v this_o be_v add_v to_o the_o ascension_n of_o the_o star_n change_v the_o degree_n thus_o take_v into_o hour_n and_o scruple_n of_o hour_n these_o shall_v those_o demand_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o observation_n proposition_n viii_o to_o show_v other_o modes_n of_o find_v out_o of_o longitude_n longitude_n other_o way_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o longitude_n which_o exhibit_v not_o primary_o and_o proper_o the_o longitude_n but_o the_o very_a place_n of_o the_o point_n who_o longitude_n or_o meridian_n be_v only_o demand_v yet_o it_o be_v commodious_a to_o use_v for_o the_o constitute_n or_o examine_v of_o the_o longitude_n of_o terrestrial_a place_n the_o first_o mode_n the_o distance_n and_o latitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o other_o but_o in_o map_n which_o mariner_n use_v and_o in_o globès_n to_o find_v the_o point_n of_o a_o unknown_a place_n if_o that_o another_o place_n be_v give_v for_o there_o be_v always_o one_o place_n know_v or_o give_v mode_n the_o first_o mode_n if_o that_o by_o a_o trigonometrick_a calculation_n you_o will_v find_v out_o the_o accurate_a longitude_n you_o must_v find_v the_o angle_n on_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n all_o who_o side_n be_v give_v viz_o the_o distance_n be_v turn_v into_o degree_n the_o compliment_n of_o latitude_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o computation_n must_v be_v make_v from_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o comprehend_v angle_n which_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o latitude_n or_o which_o be_v the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o two_o place_n the_o method_n must_v be_v take_v from_o spherical_a trigonometry_n but_o in_o mariner_n map_n and_o the_o globe_n the_o unknown_a place_n of_o the_o point_n be_v thus_o find_v from_o the_o give_v map_n mariner_n map_n in_o mariner_n map_n the_o give_v distance_n be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o opposite_a scale_n and_o one_o foot_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o give_v place_n the_o other_o be_v turn_v round_o until_o it_o touch_v or_o cut_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o other_o latitude_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o unknown_a place_n the_o point_n of_o the_o contact_n or_o section_n be_v the_o place_n demand_v or_o unknown_a but_o other_o map_n be_v unfit_a for_o this_o purpose_n neither_o do_v the_o mariner_n chart_n exhibit_v a_o accurate_a distance_n of_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o give_v distance_n be_v turn_v into_o degree_n and_o minute_n and_o let_v they_o be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o unknown_a place_n be_v note_v let_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v place_v on_o the_o give_v place_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o one_o extremity_n of_o the_o foot_n touch_v the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n subject_n to_o the_o note_a meridian_n sign_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n demand_v or_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o unknown_a place_n be_v describe_v with_o chalk_n and_o then_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o give_v place_n let_v the_o other_o be_v turn_v round_o until_o it_o cut_v that_o parallel_n or_o touch_v it_o this_o point_n of_o the_o section_n be_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o who_o longitude_n be_v then_o reckon_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o second_o mode_n a_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o any_o place_n unknown_a that_o be_v who_o situation_n be_v unknown_a do_v lie_v from_o the_o note_a place_n or_o place_n give_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o both_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o unknown_a place_n from_o the_o place_n know_v and_o to_o exhibit_v the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n and_o mariner_n chart._n mode_n the_o second_o mode_n by_o the_o give_a place_n we_o understand_v here_o the_o angle_n intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n of_o either_o place_n and_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v more_o commodious_o explain_v on_o the_o globe_n or_o by_o a_o diagram_n if_o therefore_o by_o calculation_n you_o will_v find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o other_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n must_v be_v solve_v in_o which_o there_o be_v two_o side_n give_v to_o wit_n the_o compliment_n of_o latitude_n of_o both_o place_n and_o the_o angle_n adjacent_a to_o the_o give_v side_n of_o either_o but_o the_o angle_n comprehend_v from_o the_o two_o give_v side_n be_v that_o demand_v for_o this_o will_v exhibit_v the_o seek_v for_o longitude_n but_o in_o a_o globe_n and_o mariner_n chart_n it_o be_v not_o needful_a to_o find_v out_o longitude_n neither_o can_v it_o at_o the_o first_o be_v find_v out_o but_o the_o place_n unknown_a be_v find_v from_o the_o give_v place_n chart_n not_o needful_a to_o find_v out_o longitude_n in_o a_o globe_n and_o in_o mariner_n chart_n in_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o its_o latitude_n and_o let_v the_o vertical_a quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o let_v the_o parallel_n be_v draw_v with_o chalk_n at_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n unknown_a then_o let_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o give_v plaga_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n viz._n in_o which_o the_o other_o unknown_a place_n lie_v from_o the_o know_v the_o point_n of_o the_o parallel_n where_o the_o quadrant_n cut_v or_o touch_v it_o be_v the_o place_n seek_v for_o who_o longitude_n shall_v be_v reckon_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o mariner_n chart_n let_v the_o parallel_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o unknown_a place_n then_o from_o the_o give_v place_n let_v a_o line_n be_v draw_v for_o the_o give_v quarter_n the_o point_n where_o this_o cut_v the_o parallel_n be_v the_o place_n seek_v but_o if_o the_o loxodromic_a plaga_fw-la be_v give_v we_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o of_o which_o in_o the_o 39_o chapter_n the_o three_o mode_n a_o quarter_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o unknown_a place_n from_o the_o other_o who_o latitude_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o that_o place_n from_o this_o but_o on_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n if_o this_o place_n be_v give_v to_o exhibit_v the_o situation_n of_o that_o mode_n the_o three_o mode_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o find_v it_o by_o calculation_n two_o angle_n be_v give_v in_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n the_o compliment_n of_o
now_o this_o problem_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n for_o these_o be_v know_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v the_o rest_n first_o by_o the_o star_n viz._n in_o the_o night_n the_o bear_n or_o the_o helice_n and_o polary_a star_n so_o call_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o vrsa_fw-la minor_n of_o great_a same_o among_o the_o ancient_n which_o show_v the_o north_n quarter_n whence_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v find_v for_o the_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n the_o east_n be_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o the_o left_a the_o line_n of_o which_o quarter_n at_o right_a angle_n cut_v the_o line_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o these_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v find_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v the_o intermedial_a quarter_n unto_o which_o purpose_n that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o description_n they_o have_v a_o circle_n make_v with_o the_o quarter_n who_o northern_a line_n be_v place_v above_o the_o northern_a line_n of_o any_o place_n the_o other_o quarter_n at_o one_o sight_n be_v discover_v but_o in_o the_o day_n they_o seek_v out_o the_o quarter_n by_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xxviii_o chapter_n 28._o see_v chap._n 28._o 2._o the_o other_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o the_o know_v of_o quarter_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o situation_n or_o extension_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o one_o promontory_n to_o the_o other_o for_o see_v the_o quarter_n of_o this_o extension_n be_v know_v to_o they_o either_o from_o the_o map_n or_o from_o observation_n and_o experience_n they_o may_v in_o navigation_n by_o see_v they_o know_v the_o other_o quarter_n for_o one_o quarter_n be_v know_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v know_v therefore_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o far_o depart_v from_o the_o coast_n viz._n that_o they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o know_a quarter_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o shore_n for_o they_o can_v not_o always_o use_v the_o method_n of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n 3._o the_o three_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n be_v the_o observe_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o go_v from_o any_o place_n and_o guide_v the_o ship_n to_o the_o know_a quarter_n they_o be_v able_a from_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o know_v the_o quarter_n 4._o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o dangerous_a and_o imperfect_a navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o a_o method_n by_o which_o every_o where_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vast_a ocean_n they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n and_o so_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v steer_v for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o method_n by_o the_o star_n and_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v sun_n can_v be_v apply_v on_o all_o day_n and_o on_o the_o hour_n of_o every_o day_n for_o the_o mark_n from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o shore_n fail_v in_o the_o mid_a sea_n in_o the_o night_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a enough_o in_o the_o day_n time_n the_o three_o method_n from_o the_o observe_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v not_o place_n when_o the_o ship_n be_v toss_v by_o boisterous_a wind_n and_o tempest_n from_o one_o quarter_n to_o another_o and_o in_o this_o casual_o lie_v the_o chief_a difficulty_n this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o admonish_v concern_v the_o modes_n of_o the_o ancient_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o north_n and_o south_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o imperfection_n of_o these_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o dangerous_a and_o small_a navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n see_v that_o they_o be_v never_o able_a to_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o never_o know_v those_o region_n between_o which_o the_o ocean_n be_v interpose_v of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v all_o america_n never_o yet_o full_o know_v but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o method_n of_o know_v the_o quarter_n in_o all_o place_n and_o of_o find_v out_o the_o line_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n be_v facile_a by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o admirable_a propriety_n which_o the_o loadstone_n and_o all_o iron_n touch_v by_o it_o have_v be_v find_v to_o have_v viz._n that_o all_o magnetick_n not_o hinder_v by_o other_o in_o any_o place_n direct_v their_o point_n almost_o to_o the_o same_o quarter_n for_o there_o be_v two_o opposite_a point_n in_o the_o loadstone_n whereof_o one_o always_o and_o in_o all_o place_n turn_v itself_o to_o the_o north_n or_o the_o adjacent_a quarter_n the_o other_o to_o the_o south_n and_o so_o also_o the_o other_o point_n of_o the_o magnes_n respect_v the_o other_o quarter_n viz._n every_o point_n its_o particular_a quarter_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o consider_v but_o only_o those_o two_o point_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v do_v convert_v themselves_o to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n which_o be_v term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n one_o northern_a the_o other_o southern_a and_o the_o same_o virtue_n much_o to_o admiration_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o needle_n but_o by_o a_o invert_v and_o contrary_a operation_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o lamine_n or_o needle_n which_o be_v touch_v at_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n do_v not_o convert_v itself_o to_o the_o north_n but_o to_o the_o south_n and_o that_o end_n which_o be_v rub_v at_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v not_o to_o the_o south_n but_o to_o the_o north._n these_o point_n of_o the_o needle_n be_v also_o term_v the_o pole_n loadstone_n the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n although_o therefore_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n touch_v by_o it_o have_v very_o many_o notable_a property_n yet_o all_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o two_o species_n or_o head_n one_o be_v that_o virtue_n which_o do_v extract_v the_o iron_n the_o other_o by_o which_o in_o every_o place_n it_o direct_v the_o two_o point_n of_o its_o superficies_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n the_o former_a faculty_n the_o ancient_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o but_o only_o this_o latter_a see_v therefore_o the_o magnes_n have_v this_o property_n therefore_o by_o its_o help_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o north_n or_o south_n be_v whence_o all_o the_o other_o quarter_n be_v soon_o know_v for_o if_o those_o point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n be_v note_v in_o any_o loadstone_n or_o the_o north_n and_o south_n pole_n and_o we_o have_v this_o magnes_n in_o the_o ship_n where_o we_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o quarter_n the_o loadstone_n be_v hang_v by_o a_o cord_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o move_v itself_o will_v so_o direct_v its_o pole_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n that_o it_o will_v show_v the_o quarter_n demand_v but_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v more_o easy_a for_o use_v who_o end_n be_v touch_v at_o the_o south_n pole_n of_o the_o magnes_n for_o if_o that_o this_o needle_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o sharp_a perpendicular_a pin_n so_o that_o it_o can_v free_o turn_v round_o the_o needle_n rest_v will_v show_v by_o one_o of_o its_o end_n the_o north_n quarter_n and_o by_o the_o other_o the_o south_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v a_o nautical_a instrument_n proposition_n ii_o to_o make_v a_o mariner_n compass_n compass_n of_o the_o make_n the_o mariner_n compass_n let_v the_o describe_v circle_n on_o any_o paper_n be_v divide_v into_o 32_o quarter_n or_o degree_n and_o let_v one_o of_o these_o deg_fw-la be_v take_v for_o the_o north_n quarter_n be_v ascribe_v with_o these_o appellation_n viz._n with_o a_o peculiar_a sign_n the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n and_o the_o find_v out_o point_v for_o the_o other_o quarter_n viz._n south_n east_n west_n north-east_n north-west_n as_o we_o have_v propound_v they_o in_o the_o diagram_n in_o the_o xx_o chapter_n mariner_n term_v this_o chart_n the_o rose_n then_o let_v the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v so_o affix_v beneath_o the_o chart_n that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o needle_n may_v be_v beneath_o its_o centre_n and_o the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o needle_n may_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o paper_n unto_o which_o we_o ascribe_v the_o northern_a quarter_n moreover_o the_o paper_n be_v so_o make_v with_o the_o needle_n lie_v under_o let_v it_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o point_a pin_n that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o free_a circumrotation_n so_o the_o index_n of_o the_o
command_v the_o great_a construction_n of_o ptolemy_n to_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o greek_a into_o the_o arabian_a language_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o arabian_n the_o almage_a of_o ptolemy_n this_o maimon_n i_o say_v have_v assemble_v together_o certain_a skilful_a mathematician_n command_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v search_v after_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o perform_v which_o task_n they_o choose_v the_o field_n of_o mesopotamia_n and_o they_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n proceed_v from_o the_o north_n to_o south_n until_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n have_v decrease_v one_o degree_n find_v after_o a_o even_a level_n that_o the_o space_n or_o journey_n be_v fifty_o six_o or_o fifty_o six_o and_o a_o half_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o perimeter_n according_a to_o they_o â—is_fw-la twenty_o thousand_o and_o sixty_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o forty_o mile_n from_o that_o time_n even_o to_o our_o age_n no_o man_n have_v assay_v this_o but_o many_o arabian_n have_v use_v this_o dimension_n of_o their_o own_o mathematician_n latin_n the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o latin_n but_o the_o latin_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o handle_v astronomy_n use_v that_o of_o 18000_o stadiums_n which_o ptolemy_n have_v use_v which_o make_v 324000_o italian_a mile_n or_o 5400_o german_a mile_n for_o 15_o german_n or_o 60_o italian_a mile_n be_v allot_v to_o one_o degree_n when_o as_o there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v assign_v thereto_o 15_o and_o â—_o 8_o because_o about_o 38_o stadiums_n be_v give_v to_o one_o german_a mile_n and_o so_o the_o perimeter_n shall_v be_v 5625_o german_a mile_n but_o about_o thirty_o year_n ago_o snellius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n snellius_n it_o be_v dimension_n according_a to_o snellius_n professor_n of_o leyden_n observe_v that_o usual_a perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n define_v in_o 15_o mile_n to_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n but_o to_o be_v uncertain_a therefore_o with_o very_o great_a industry_n he_o set_v upon_o this_o dimension_n and_o happy_o finish_v it_o demonstrate_v the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 28500_o perch_n or_o pole_n every_o one_o of_o which_o contain_v 12_o rhindlandish_a foot_n or_o 19_o dutch_a mile_n and_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n to_o be_v 8640_o mile_n but_o he_o define_v a_o mile_n with_o 1500_o pole_n or_o 18000_o rhindlandish_a foot_n we_o will_v now_o speak_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n but_o indeed_o this_o invention_n depend_v on_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v spherical_a for_o indeed_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v cut_v by_o a_o plain_a pass_v through_o the_o centre_n this_o section_n or_o division_n make_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o sphere_n be_v cut_v in_o any_o manner_n the_o section_n be_v make_v a_o circle_n but_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o centre_n it_o shall_v be_v the_o great_a circle_n and_o therefore_o the_o periphery_a of_o this_o circle_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o circumference_n circuit_n and_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o work_n of_o measure_v begin_v from_o the_o magnitude_n of_o this_o periphery_a degree_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o sphere_n divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n because_o therefore_o this_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n as_o other_o be_v be_v divide_v in_o the_o mind_n into_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o degree_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o second_o chap._n but_o indeed_o we_o can_v perform_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n and_o therefore_o the_o problem_n be_v thither_o reduce_v that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o the_o magnitude_n of_o one_o degree_n or_o other_o part_n in_o the_o know_a measure_n for_o example_n the_o magnitude_n of_o half_a a_o degree_n the_o necessity_n of_o which_o also_o meet_v in_o other_o problem_n and_o we_o take_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o this_o be_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o occasion_n of_o error_n determine_v by_o our_o own_o place_n and_o by_o the_o north_n or_o polar_a star_n or_o other_o mean_n which_o we_o will_v declare_v in_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n the_o first_o mean_a or_o way_n which_o the_o arabian_n and_o other_o mathematician_n have_v use_v let_v the_o horizon_n therefore_o of_o our_o terrestrial_a meridian_n which_o lie_v just_a under_o the_o celestial_a a_o bed_n and_o be_v concentrical_a thereto_o be_v h_n h_o r_z ss_z let_v the_o periphery_n a_o b_o c_o d_o r_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o place_n b_o the_o vertex_fw-la scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o supreme_a point_n over_o our_o head_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o lie_v under_o the_o celestial_a the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n shall_v be_v a_o h_n a_o h_o let_v we_o now_o take_v another_o place_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n a_o b_o c_o d_o or_o g_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o a_o b_o c_o d_o the_o vertex_fw-la g_o the_o horizon_n f_o f_o r_o t_o t._n let_v here_o now_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v exact_o observe_v in_o the_o place_n b_o viz._n a_o h_z or_o a_o h_n also_o of_o the_o place_n g_o to_o wit_n f_o a_o or_o f_o a_o and_o let_v f_o a_o be_v take_v away_o from_o h_n a_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v h_n f_o to_o which_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o intercept_v between_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a after_o that_o the_o interval_n or_o space_n between_o b_o g_z must_v be_v measure_v accurate_o in_o a_o certain_a measure_n for_o example_n how_o many_o perch_n or_o pole_n it_o may_v contain_v or_o how_o many_o mile_n for_o these_o shall_v be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o arch_n b_o g._n and_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n as_o b_o g_z be_v to_z a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o the_o 360_o degree_n so_o the_o space_n or_o interval_n find_v out_o or_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n of_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o or_o as_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o be_v to_o one_o degree_n so_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n find_v be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n which_o be_v due_a to_o one_o degree_n note_v if_o your_o pleasure_n be_v not_o to_o measure_v the_o interval_n b_o g_o thus_o but_o to_o follow_v the_o vulgar_a determination_n then_o according_a to_o that_o way_n the_o quantity_n must_v be_v determine_v as_o for_o example_n that_o to_o 1_o degree_n 15_o such_o mile_n answer_v as_o between_z b_o g_z may_v be_v 10_o etc._n etc._n london_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o london_n example_n b_o london_z where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n a_o h_n a_o h_o be_v 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n let_v g_o be_v hartford_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o london_n the_o elevation_n of_o who_o pole_n a_o f_z a_o f_z be_v 51_o degree_n 54_o minute_n therefore_o f_z h_z or_o b_o g_z be_v 29_o minute_n but_o the_o distance_n between_o london_n and_o hartford_n be_v 20_o english_a mile_n or_o 13875_o rhinlandish_a perch_n of_o 12_o foot_n therefore_o as_o 29_o minute_n be_v to_o 60_o minute_n so_o 9_o ¼_n to_o 19_o holland_n mile_n therefore_o 19_o holland_n mile_n make_v one_o degree_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o interval_n b_o g_o be_v account_v to_o be_v 7_o ¼_n german_a mile_n a_o german_a mile_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v 1900_o rhinlandish_a perch_n therefore_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v thus_o as_o 29_o part_n be_v to_o 60_o prague_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o prague_n so_o be_v 7_o ¼_n to_o 15_o such_o german_a mile_n so_o at_o prague_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 50_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n at_o lincium_n it_o be_v 48_o degree_n and_o 16_o minute_n the_o difference_n of_o b_o g_o shall_v be_v one_o degree_n and_o 50_o minute_n and_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v distant_a 26_o german_a mile_n therefore_o the_o perimeter_n be_v 5105_o mile_n and_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 5400_o mile_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o eratosthenes_n scheme_n eratosthenes_n manner_n use_v about_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n see_v scheme_n let_v there_o again_o be_v two_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n let_v b_o be_v the_o city_n alexandria_n in_o egypt_n let_v g_o be_v syene_n another_o city_n of_o egypt_n under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n let_v now_o the_o same_o place_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n in_o the_o full_a sothe_v of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n line_n
a_o b_o c_o d_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o verticle_n b_o g_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o quadrant_n let_v at_o alexandria_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n 21_o of_o june_n g_o f_o or_o g_o f_o be_v observe_v 1_o 50_o of_o the_o periphery_a or_o 7_o degree_n 12_o minute_n but_o in_o syene_n let_v there_o be_v no_o distance_n the_o sun_n hang_v perpendicular_o over_o their_o head_n therefore_o b_o g_z shall_v be_v the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n and_o because_o the_o distance_n put_v be_v 5000_o stadiums_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o golden_a rule_n it_o shall_v be_v as_o 7_o degree_n 12_o part_n to_o one_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 50_o to_o 1_o 360_o or_o as_o 5_o to_o 36_o so_o 5000_o to_o 694_o 4_o 9_o stadiums_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o one_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 50_o be_v to_o 50_o or_o as_o 1_o to_o 50_o so_o 5000_o to_o 250000_o stadiums_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n a_o b_o c_o d_o according_a to_o this_o measure_n yet_o see_v there_o be_v divers_a way_n to_o take_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o vertical_a point_n g_o b_o eratosthenes_n wrought_v it_o by_o a_o hollow_a spherical_a scioterick_n or_o sundial_n which_o they_o call_v scaphe_n where_o the_o style_n b_o x_o show_v the_o vertex_fw-la o_o x_o z_o but_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n terminaitng_a the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n or_o pin_n mark_v out_o b_o z_o how_o much_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n o_o b_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la 7_o degree_n 12_o fir_v at_o alexandria_n but_o in_o the_o city_n syene_n the_o style_n g_o x_o make_v no_o shadow_n that_o day_n because_o o_o the_o sun_n hang_v perpendicular_o over_o it_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o because_o therefore_o the_o angle_n b_o x_o z_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n b_o x_o o_o who_o measure_n be_v b_o o_o or_o b_o z_o there_o b_o o_fw-fr be_v equal_a to_o b_o z_o 7_o degree_n 12_o first_o minute_n or_o 1_o 50_o of_o the_o periphery_a the_o other_o thing_n be_v perform_v as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o posidonius_n earth_n posidonius_n manner_n use_v about_o the_o magnitude_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o earth_n let_v two_o place_n b_o g_z be_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n posidonius_n take_v b_o rhodes_n and_o g_o the_o city_n alexandria_n in_o egypt_n let_v the_o altitude_n of_o some_o star_n in_o these_o two_o place_n when_o it_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o day_n or_o in_o divers_a day_n which_o matter_n not_o at_o all_o posidonius_n take_v the_o shine_a star_n canobus_n which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n in_o argonavi_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n but_o this_o star_n do_v not_o rise_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n h_o h_n s_n but_o do_v only_o touch_v the_o horizon_n in_o s_n yet_o it_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o alexandria_n f_o r_o t_o in_o the_o arch_n t_o s_o 1_o 48_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n or_o 7_o degree_n 30_o minute_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o arch_n t_o s_o that_o be_v b_o g_o shall_v be_v 7_o degree_n 30_o minute_n unto_o 1_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 48_o part_n unto_o 1_o 360_o that_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 48_o so_o 5000_o to_o 240000_o stadiums_n of_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o these_o hypothesis_n of_o posidonius_n the_o four_o manner_n or_o way_n of_o snellius_n earth_n snellius_n way_n about_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o in_o the_o former_a way_n we_o have_v take_v two_o place_n b_o g_z lying_z under_o the_o same_o meridian_n and_o yet_o the_o place_n fit_a for_o this_o business_n may_v lie_v under_o divers_a meridian_n therefore_o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a that_o a_o example_n and_o that_o of_o snellius_n shall_v be_v also_o concern_v this_o case_n here_o propose_v let_v therefore_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o alcmaria_n b_o alcmaria_n itself_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n h_o a_o 52_o degree_n 40_o ½_n minute_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n b_o a_o 37_o degree_n 19_o minute_n 30_o second_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o other_o place_n be_v p_o bergenapsome_n the_o meridian_n a_o p_o v_o v_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o elevation_n 51_o degree_n 29_o minute_n a_o p_o be_v 38_o degree_n 31_o minute_n therefore_o p_o g_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n be_v draw_v to_o a_o b_o g_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v b_o g_o 71_o minute_n 30_o second_n or_o 1_o degree_n 11_o minute_n 30_o second_n moreover_o snellius_n by_o a_o laborious_a geodesie_n or_o earth-meeting_n find_v the_o distance_n of_o alcmaria_n from_o bergen_n b_o p_o to_o be_v 34710_o rhindlandish_a perch_n and_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n p_o b_o g_o to_o be_v 11_o degree_n 26_o minute_n 2_o second_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n straight_o angle_v p_o b_o g_o the_o hypotenuse_n b_o p_o and_o the_o angle_n b_o p_o g_o be_v give_v therefore_o by_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n b_o g_z be_v find_v 34018_o for_o which_o snellius_n take_v 33930_o for_o he_o detract_v 88_o perch_n from_o the_o station_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o 71_o ½_n scruple_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n therefore_o as_o 71_o ½_n minute_n be_v to_o 1_o degree_n or_o 60_o minute_n so_o be_v 33930_o or_o 34018_o to_o 28473_o perch_n for_o one_o degree_n or_o according_a to_o the_o round_a number_n 28500_o or_o 19_o holland_n mile_n they_o which_o understand_v spherical_a trigonometry_n from_o the_o give_v a_o b_o a_o p_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o p_o may_v find_v the_o arch_n b_o p_o to_n be_v 1_o degree_n 14_o minute_n which_o when_o they_o be_v equal_a with_o 34710_o perch_n 1_o degree_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o perch_n or_o of_o 18_o mile_n and_o ⅘_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o this_o number_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o snellius_n be_v first_o that_o snellius_n do_v not_o take_v the_o very_a point_n of_o the_o tower_n b_o p_o by_o which_o he_o obtain_v the_o angle_n g_o b_o p_o for_o the_o know_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o he_o take_v the_o place_n a_o little_a distant_a from_o they_o 197._o see_v snellius_n in_o page_n 197._o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o the_o same_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o cause_n be_v that_o he_o take_v the_o line_n b_o g_z b_o p_o p_o g_o as_o straight_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o straight_o although_o this_o discord_n may_v seem_v to_o make_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n of_o any_o moment_n but_o let_v snellius_n his_o quantity_n of_o a_o degree_n of_o 28500_o perch_n be_v take_v mine_n of_o 28300_o perch_n his_o make_v 19_o 147_o 150_o mile_n mine_n 18_o ⅘_n mile_n the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n according_a to_o snellius_n shall_v be_v 10260000_o perch_n 123120000_o foot_n or_o 8640_o holland_n mile_n the_o five_o manner_n be_v the_o first_o terrestrial_a way_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n earth_n the_o first_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o magnitude_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o earth_n the_o three_o follow_a manner_n or_o way_n be_v terrestrial_a perform_v the_o work_n without_o the_o heaven_n or_o meridian_n line_n let_v b_o p_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n this_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o in_o a_o land-measuring_a way_n then_o let_v p_o s_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o most_o remote_a term_n from_o whence_o the_o tower_n may_v be_v see_v and_o although_o p_o be_v be_v not_o a_o strait_a line_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o strait_a line_n and_o the_o triangle_n straight_o angle_v b_o p_o s_o in_o which_o by_o the_o give_v b_o p_o p_o s_o the_o angle_n b_o s_o p_o be_v find_v to_o who_o b_o r_z s_z be_v equal_a who_o measure_n be_v the_o arch_n s_o p._n therefore_o as_o this_o arch_n be_v to_o one_o degree_n so_o p_o s_o the_o find_v distance_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n be_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n as_o for_o example_n let_v b_o p_o the_o altitude_n be_v 480_o pace_n and_o let_v the_o distance_n p_o s_z of_o the_o point_n s_o which_o end_v the_o sight_n be_v 40000_o pace_n or_o 10_o german_a mile_n therefore_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v according_a to_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n as_o
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o 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false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
4._o some_o be_v sandy_a some_o rocky_a clay_n or_o chalky_a 5._o some_o include_v or_o contain_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n whereas_o other_o be_v without_o they_o 6._o some_o be_v adorn_v with_o wood_n and_o other_o some_o destitute_a of_o tree_n 7._o some_o be_v burn_v and_o smoke_v whereas_o other_o be_v without_o fire_n 8._o some_o be_v rich_a in_o metal_n and_o other_o without_o they_o 9_o and_o some_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n whereas_o other_o have_v no_o snow_n at_o all_o proposition_n v._o to_o enumerate_v the_o burn_a mountain_n and_o those_o that_o cast_v out_o flame_n mountain_n of_o vulcan_n or_o burn_a mountain_n such_o mountain_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v vulcan_n which_o appellation_n the_o portugal_n marines_n first_o introduce_v and_o now_o be_v common_o so_o call_v and_o such_o be_v 1._o the_o most_o famous_a be_v aetna_n aetna_n mount_v aetna_n a_o mountain_n in_o sicilia_n at_o this_o day_n call_v gebel_n from_o who_o top_n the_o eject_v flame_n and_o smoke_n be_v discover_v at_o a_o long_a distance_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n even_o to_o malta_n which_o be_v 40_o german_a mile_n howbeit_o that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v continual_a yet_o notwithstanding_o sometime_o it_o rage_v with_o a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o year_n 1537._o from_o the_o first_o of_o may_n to_o the_o twelve_o earthquake_n a_o great_a strange_a earthquake_n all_o sicilia_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n than_o a_o great_a and_o horrible_a noise_n be_v hear_v as_o if_o canon_n have_v be_v fire_v there_o follow_v the_o destruction_n of_o many_o edifice_n throughout_o the_o whole_a isle_n when_o that_o this_o storm_n have_v continue_v for_o eleven_o day_n the_o earth_n be_v rend_v in_o twain_o or_o open_v itself_o with_o a_o vast_a gulf_n whence_o a_o great_a flame_n and_o fire_n break_v forth_o by_o which_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o day_n all_o be_v consume_v and_o burn_v which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o five_o mile_n from_o aetna_n a_o little_a after_o the_o funnel_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o three_o day_n cast_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o coal_n which_o be_v not_o only_o disperse_v throughout_o all_o the_o isle_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o italy_n and_o the_o ship_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o 200_o league_n distant_a steer_v towards_o venice_n be_v much_o damnify_v farellus_n have_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o fire_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o do_v also_o say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o be_v 100_o italian_a mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o the_o flame_n break_v forth_o in_o a_o violent_a manner_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n hecla_n mount_v hecla_n 2._o hecla_o a_o mountain_n of_o island_n do_v sometime_o rage_n as_o much_o as_o aetna_n and_o cast_v forth_o great_a stone_n and_o continual_a fire_n in_o it_o want_v a_o free_a evacuation_n oftentimes_o send_v forth_o noise_n like_v unto_o lamentation_n thence_o many_o simple_a people_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o place_n of_o hell_n where_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v torment_v soma_fw-it vesuvius_n or_o monte_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_fw-it 3._o vesuvius_n at_o this_o day_n mont_fw-fr de_fw-fr soma_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v plant_v with_o most_o fertile_a vine_n which_o without_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conflagration_n make_v the_o best_a falernum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o frequent_a burn_n dion_n cassius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n its_o conflagration_n and_o the_o force_n of_o its_o flame_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o ash_n cast_v forth_o from_o its_o bottom_n with_o the_o sulphureous_a smoke_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o rome_n but_o also_o beyond_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n into_o africa_n even_o to_o egypt_n moreover_o the_o bird_n be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o air_n fall_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o fish_n perish_v in_o the_o adjacent_a infect_v warm_a and_o frequent_a water_n concern_v this_o conflagration_n and_o the_o sad_a mutation_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a epigram_n in_o martial_a who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o mountain_n in_o its_o verdure_n and_o afterward_o bury_v in_o its_o ash_n but_o then_o the_o conflagration_n cease_v and_o the_o shower_n water_v the_o sulphureous_a embers_o and_o ash_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o be_v great_a fertility_n of_o wine_n but_o again_o within_o these_o few_o year_n this_o mountain_n burn_v a_o fresh_a and_o send_v forth_o a_o abundance_n of_o smoak_n the_o adjacent_a land_n be_v burn_v and_o become_v dangerous_a to_o traveller_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a pit_n which_o the_o flame_n cause_v note_n a_o mountain_n in_o java_n worthy_a of_o note_n 4._o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n panacura_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v it_o have_v never_o burn_v before_o first_o be_v rend_v with_o a_o violent_a eruption_n of_o flame_a sulphur_n so_o that_o about_o 10000_o person_n be_v say_v to_o have_v perish_v in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o it_o eject_v exceed_v great_a stone_n into_o the_o city_n and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n it_o vomit_v forth_o so_o much_o black_a smoke_n mix_v with_o ash_n and_o embers_o that_o it_o obscure_v the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o almost_o clothe_v day_n with_o night_n dark_a mantle_n gonnapi_n the_o mountain_n gonnapi_n 5._o gonnapi_fw-la a_o mountain_n in_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n this_o in_o the_o year_n 1586._o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n when_o that_o it_o have_v burn_v for_o 17_o year_n be_v rend_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n and_o cast_v forth_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o great_a stone_n of_o sulphur_n and_o ardent_a matter_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n that_o it_o astonish_v all_o person_n the_o abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o embers_o also_o render_v the_o cannon_n of_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o castle_n unserviceable_a such_o a_o vast_a heap_n overwhelm_v they_o vast_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o multitude_n of_o small_a one_o so_o that_o the_o bark_n have_v scarce_o a_o free_a passage_n the_o water_n on_o the_o shore_n so_o boil_a as_o if_o that_o fire_n have_v be_v place_v under_o it_o a_o abundance_n of_o fish_n be_v kill_v and_o see_v float_v on_o the_o water_n balaluanum_fw-la balaluanum_fw-la 6._o balaluanum_n a_o mountain_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n cast_v forth_o smoke_n and_o flame_n as_o aetna_n fire_n many_o place_n in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n cast_v forth_o fire_n 7._o in_o the_o molucco_n isle_n the_o land_n in_o many_o place_n belch_v forth_o fire_n with_o a_o huge_a noise_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o note_v for_o the_o funnel_n of_o turnate_a the_o mountain_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o cloud_n and_o very_o steep_a the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v cover_v with_o thick_a wood_n the_o upper_a naked_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n on_o the_o top_n be_v the_o funnel_n of_o a_o vast_a wideness_n which_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o amphitheatre_n with_o many_o circle_n the_o great_a include_v the_o lesser_a thence_o in_o the_o equinoctial_o especial_o those_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n certain_a wind_n blow_v chief_o the_o northern_a with_o a_o horrible_a noise_n flame_v mix_v with_o black_a smoke_n and_o embers_o break_v forth_o and_o fill_v all_o place_n to_o a_o great_a distance_n with_o ash_n there_o be_v annual_a season_n of_o see_v it_o neither_o can_v one_o ascend_v but_o by_o rope_n or_o chain_n in_o certain_a place_n maffaeus_n see_v maffaeus_n here_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o mountain_n the_o inhabitant_n gather_v good_a sulphur_n 8._o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o maurice_n 60_o league_n distant_a from_o moluccoe_n oftentimes_o the_o whole_a isle_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o earthquake_n and_o vomit_v fire_n and_o ash_n and_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o fire_n that_o whole_a mountain_n and_o rock_n do_v burn_v oftentimes_o fiery_a stone_n break_v forth_o of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o vehement_a so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o ash_n be_v pour_v forth_o that_o people_n labour_v in_o the_o field_n be_v force_v to_o return_v home_o be_v cover_v with_o ash_n those_o ash_n also_o kill_v their_o live_a creature_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n this_o black_a and_o dismal_a fire_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o dreadful_a noise_n like_v unto_o thunder_n or_o great_a gun_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v abundance_n of_o pumice_n stone_n and_o other_o stone_n burn_v in_o the_o fire_n note_n a_o mountain_n in_o japan_n worthy_a of_o note_n 9_o in_o japan_n as_o
channel_n as_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o zenega_n which_o only_o have_v four_o hour_n whether_o the_o cause_n ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n or_o unto_o the_o swift_a deflux_n of_o zenega_n which_o may_v prohibit_v the_o influx_n for_o two_o hour_n or_o whether_o to_o some_o other_o cause_n i_o question_v and_o require_v a_o more_o accurate_a observation_n viz._n whether_o it_o decrease_v eight_o hour_n or_o only_o six_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o other_o two_o do_v neither_o increase_v nor_o decrease_v because_o the_o strong_a flux_n of_o the_o river_n hinder_v the_o flux_n that_o also_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o depress_v and_o low_a place_n may_v have_v the_o flux_n in_o more_o hour_n and_o the_o deflux_n in_o few_o proposition_n xx._n whether_o the_o flux_n do_v begin_v when_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o horizon_n or_o in_o the_o increment_n be_v in_o the_o place_n who_o the_o horizon_n be_v so_o they_o common_o say_v but_o yet_o we_o hold_v the_o contrary_a in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o when_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n than_o she_o arrive_v at_o the_o meridian_n in_o less_o than_o six_o hour_n and_o therefore_o the_o flux_n shall_v begin_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v yet_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n on_o the_o contrary_a when_o that_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n she_o require_v more_o than_o six_o hour_n to_o come_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n and_o therefore_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n unto_o the_o horary_a circle_n of_o the_o six_o hour_n then_o at_o length_n the_o flux_n begin_v and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v at_o london_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n nineteeen_o see_v proposition_n nineteeen_o and_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o require_v that_o although_o the_o moon_n decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n yet_o that_o the_o flux_n shall_v begin_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o horizon_n for_o then_o the_o place_n be_v distant_a by_o a_o quarter_n from_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a and_o therefore_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v or_o extend_v hither_o and_o here_o more_o accurate_a observation_n be_v require_v proposition_n xxi_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a or_o full_a moon_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ordinary_a flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v viz._n of_o six_o hour_n with_o twelve_o degree_n to_o determine_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v after_o the_o new_a moon_n in_o which_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n shall_v be_v proposition_n see_v the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n and_o decrease_v if_o we_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o middle_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o day_n after_o place_v 48_o ¾_n horary_a minute_n in_o half_a a_o day_n 24_o â…œ_n minute_n if_o therefore_o the_o great_a increase_n in_o any_o place_n happen_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a or_o full_a moon_n on_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n these_o hour_n of_o increase_n shall_v be_v on_o the_o follow_a day_n the_o age_n of_o â—he_n moon_n the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n scruple_n 1_o 12_o 48_o 2_o 1_o 37_o 3_o 2_o 27_o 4_o 3_o 17_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 4_o 55_o 7_o 5_o 59_o 8_o 6_o 49_o 9_o 7_o 23_o 10_o 8_o 12_o 11_o 8_o 56_o 12_o 9_o 51_o 13_o 10_o 40_o 14_o 11_o 29_o 14½_n 12_o mid_a night_n  _fw-fr 15_o 12_o mid_a day_n  _fw-fr viz._n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o great_a intumescency_n fall_v out_o late_a by_o 48¼_n horary_a minute_n but_o in_o practice_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o add_v to_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o day_n 48_o minute_n or_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n for_o the_o end_n hour_n of_o the_o second_o 1½_n for_o the_o three_o 2½_n for_o the_o four_o 3¼_n for_o the_o five_o 4_o for_o the_o six_o 5_o for_o the_o seven_o 5¼_n for_o the_o eight_o 6¾_n for_o the_o nine_o 7_o for_o the_o ten_o 8¼_n for_o the_o eleven_o 9_o for_o the_o twelve_o 9¼_n for_o the_o thirteen_o 10â…”_n for_o the_o fourteen_o 11½_n for_o the_o fifteen_o 12¼_n this_o supputation_n of_o time_n suppose_v the_o middle_a or_o equal_a motion_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o sun_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v unequal_a so_o that_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o perigee_n depart_v more_o swift_o from_o the_o sun_n than_o in_o her_o apogee_n and_o therefore_o then_o the_o great_a increase_n be_v long_o protract_v than_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o apogee_n the_o increase_n be_v more_o quick_a for_o certain_a true_a lunary_n month_n exceed_v 30_o day_n other_o be_v less_o than_o 29_o day_n day_n true_a lunary_n month_n exceed_v 30._o day_n when_o that_o the_o mean_v of_o 29_o day_n twelve_o hour_n 44_o minute_n be_v assume_v but_o in_o place_n where_o the_o great_a or_o least_o altitude_n be_v make_v by_o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o a_o certain_a vertical_a place_n although_o it_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o time_n be_v not_o so_o accurate_o discover_v for_o neither_o do_v the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v join_v to_o the_o sun_n fall_v out_o on_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o the_o same_o hour_n in_o divers_a new_a moon_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 37._o see_v chap._n 30._o and_o 37._o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o xxx_o chapter_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o seven_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v more_o of_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n concern_v a_o more_o accurate_a method_n we_o may_v also_o use_v this_o method_n for_o those_o place_n where_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deflux_n so_o that_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o difference_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o practice_n will_v more_o easy_o teach_v this_o than_o our_o discourse_n proposition_n xxii_o the_o wind_n do_v oftentimes_o protract_v and_o often_o diminish_v the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n in_o some_o place_n neither_o be_v wind_n of_o that_o place_n only_o able_a to_o do_v it_o but_o wind_n blow_v in_o a_o other_o place_n may_v also_o effect_v the_o same_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v so_o manifest_a that_o it_o need_v no_o demonstration_n proposition_n xxiii_o great_a be_v the_o variety_n of_o peculiar_a or_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n in_o which_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v either_o perpetual_o or_o in_o some_o certain_a month_n senator_n peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o senator_n the_o first_o of_o those_o peculiar_a motion_n which_o be_v most_o considerable_a be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a or_o african_a ocean_n about_o guinee_n be_v move_v from_o cape_n verd_fw-mi towards_o the_o bend_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v fernando_n poo_n that_o be_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n now_o this_o motion_n be_v vehement_a so_o that_o it_o violent_o toss_v the_o ship_n approach_v to_o the_o shore_n unto_o this_o gulf_n beyond_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o mariner_n and_o supputation_n of_o their_o voyage_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o ship_n which_o have_v sail_v in_o two_o day_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o mourrae_n to_o rio_n de_fw-fr benin_n which_o be_v one_o hundred_o mile_n scarce_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o week_n can_v return_v from_o rio_n de_fw-fr benin_n to_o mourrie_v except_o they_o launch_v out_o into_o the_o middle_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v perform_v see_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v with_o a_o strong_a motion_n to_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n carry_v in_o with_o it_o the_o ship_n although_o they_o have_v a_o fair_a north_n east_n wind_n and_o they_o can_v hardly_o get_v from_o that_o coast_n except_o they_o be_v force_v thence_o by_o those_o sudden_a wind_n term_v travado_n which_o sometime_o
term_v arm_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o river_n divaricate_v into_o two_o channel_n 7._o a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v water_n bubble_v and_o flow_v forward_o from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 8._o a_o well_o be_v when_o the_o water_n bubble_v up_o but_o flow_v not_o forward_o proposition_n ii_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n may_v sometime_o proceed_v from_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n proceed_v from_o whence_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n do_v proceed_v for_o in_o the_o mountainous_a or_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v many_o cavity_n small_a lake_n and_o stand_v pool_n now_o if_o that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o these_o from_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n or_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v well_o contain_v they_o they_o overflow_v and_o run_v down_o on_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n and_o because_o that_o on_o every_o year_n this_o happen_v it_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o itself_o but_o sometime_o torrent_n do_v flow_v without_o any_o channel_n from_o this_o cause_n viz._n rains_n and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n many_o rivulet_n be_v make_v also_o torrent_n and_o moderate_a or_o indifferent_a river_n in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n india_n peru_n sumatra_n and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o rivulet_n flow_v neither_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o in_o the_o night_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n iii_o most_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o river_n of_o a_o great_a magnitude_n have_v their_o original_a either_o from_o the_o congress_n of_o many_o rivulet_n and_o indifferent_a river_n or_o flow_v from_o lake_n and_o marsh_n for_o no_o river_n of_o any_o considerable_a magnitude_n as_o the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n do_v flow_v from_o one_o fountain_n but_o exist_v from_o many_o small_a spring_n or_o lake_n fountain_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o these_o proceed_n from_o lake_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o river_n the_o river_n volga_n or_o rha_n receive_v two_o hundred_o and_o more_o partly_o rivulet_n and_o partly_o indifferent_a river_n before_o that_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o danube_n as_o many_o before_o she_o flow_v into_o the_o pontus_n and_o although_o that_o pliny_n and_o cardan_n write_v that_o no_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o nile_n yet_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a to_o they_o that_o have_v travel_v in_o abyssine_n the_o proposition_n be_v easy_o prove_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o example_n mountain_n spring_n proceed_v common_o from_o hill_n &_o mountain_n the_o spring_n of_o some_o rivulet_n and_o river_n be_v in_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v place_n and_o some_o on_o a_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o river_n that_o proceed_v from_o lake_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o those_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o such_o lake_n be_v as_o it_o be_v conduit_n and_o effusion_n about_o the_o spring_n before_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n or_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o some_o spring_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n other_o open_z the_o spring_n on_o a_o plane_n be_v of_o those_o river_n from_o which_o tanais_n and_o albis_n exist_v in_o their_o first_o tract_n unto_o which_o other_o do_v accede_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v other_o example_n cardanus_n deny_v â—â—h_v these_o fountain_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o these_o plane_n place_n but_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o spring_n first_o make_v a_o stand_a pool_n or_o marsh_n for_o tanais_n seem_v not_o to_o flow_v from_o a_o spring_n but_o from_o a_o marsh_n or_o some_o less_o profound_a lake_n many_o be_v the_o mountainous_a spring_n of_o rivulet_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o rhine_n po_n danube_n borysthenes_n etc._n etc._n the_o nile_n wolga_n and_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o mode_n by_o which_o from_o one_o fountain_n a_o great_a river_n may_v proceed_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v on_o a_o elevate_v place_n but_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n must_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o inlet_n so_o the_o flow_a water_n first_o in_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n then_o in_o a_o more_o slow_a be_v collect_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o in_o course_n of_o time_n may_v be_v a_o very_a great_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o so_o much_o do_v not_o flow_v out_o in_o the_o first_o generation_n proposition_n iu_o river_n be_v very_o much_o augment_v by_o frequent_a rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o that_o in_o divers_a season_n and_o month_n of_o the_o year_n snow_n river_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o rain_n and_o snow_n so_o in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o chili_n some_o river_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o flow_v not_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n because_o that_o then_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountainâ—_n of_o the_o andes_n through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o river_n both_o in_o the_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n as_o in_o congo_z angola_n and_o the_o like_a be_v big_a in_o the_o day_n than_o in_o the_o night_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o shore_n of_o malabar_n and_o chormandel_n in_o india_n yea_o in_o those_o four_o region_n in_o summer_n time_n the_o river_n be_v almost_o dry_v up_o and_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o wet_a season_n be_v overflow_a so_o wolga_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n abound_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o land_n and_o island_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o water_n in_o the_o other_o month_n the_o sand_n will_v hardly_o admit_v a_o passage_n over_o they_o for_o ship_n that_o be_v lade_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o then_o the_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n whence_o those_o rivulet_n proceed_v which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n so_o the_o nile_n ganges_n indus_n etc._n etc._n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n so_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o land_n but_o these_o augment_v happen_v in_o a_o different_a season_n because_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n and_o divers_a place_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o rain_v be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o winter_n therefore_o river_n be_v more_o high_a at_o the_o season_n except_o another_o cause_n intervene_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o some_o place_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o other_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o other_o in_o the_o intermedial_a time_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v then_o dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o rivulet_n of_o these_o river_n moreover_o some_o river_n especial_o the_o great_a proceed_v from_o remote_a place_n where_o it_o be_v then_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o flow_v and_o those_o variation_n cause_v the_o swell_a of_o river_n in_o divers_a season_n but_o most_o river_n do_v so_o in_o the_o spring_n because_o that_o then_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v in_o most_o place_n the_o variety_n of_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o river_n concern_v that_o peculiar_a spring_n of_o japan_n which_o flow_v every_o day_n only_o for_o two_o hour_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n proposition_n v._o what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o that_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o spring_n or_o whence_o be_v river_n generate_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o spring_n we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o great_a river_n rhine_n albis_n and_o other_o the_o generation_n of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abundance_n of_o water_n seem_v more_o admirable_a than_o that_o of_o rivulet_n but_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_n and_o three_o proposition_n that_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n partly_o from_o lake_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o meeting_n of_o rivulet_n and_o river_n therefore_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n as_o the_o original_a and_o perpetuity_n of_o fountain_n and_o spring_n various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n be_v various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n concern_v it_o be_v various_a 1._o some_o think_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
stay_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o shall_v we_o say_v that_o a_o thick_a exhalation_n consist_v in_o the_o morning_n time_n in_o that_o zone_n after_o that_o long_a absence_n three_o if_o that_o you_o be_v not_o please_v to_o admit_v that_o double_a refraction_n neither_o be_v you_o willing_a to_o grant_v that_o the_o supreme_a part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a and_o frigid_a zone_n make_v any_o refraction_n i_o say_v if_o that_o the_o two_o premise_a response_n or_o explication_n please_v not_o than_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o air_n in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n at_o that_o time_n be_v much_o high_a than_o in_o our_o temperate_a zone_n and_o likewise_o more_o thick_a â—or_a only_o the_o altitude_n diminish_v the_o refraction_n but_o if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a thickness_n refraction_n be_v much_o more_o augment_v by_o this_o than_o it_o be_v diminish_v by_o the_o altitude_n decrease_v but_o i_o be_o most_o take_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o cause_n which_o make_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n two_o mile_n for_o we_o may_v not_o in_o the_o horizontal_n refraction_n of_o 4_o degree_n 30_o minute_n make_v a_o less_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o other_o two_o be_v perplex_v with_o many_o difficulty_n now_o why_o they_o behold_v not_o the_o sun_n for_o so_o many_o day_n the_o same_o altitude_n remain_v after_o he_o cease_v to_o rise_v the_o three_o day_n of_o november_n i_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air._n the_o same_o answer_n must_v also_o be_v give_v why_o the_o same_o dutch_a mariner_n in_o the_o year_n 1596_o on_o the_o 30_o of_o may_n behold_v not_o the_o sun_n at_o midnight_n under_o the_o elevation_n of_o 69_o deg_fw-la 24_o minute_n when_o that_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o under_o the_o horizon_n 1_o degree_n why_o here_o it_o make_v no_o refraction_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o same_o but_o we_o have_v be_v too_o large_a concern_v this_o matter_n which_o prolixity_n the_o reader_n must_v ascribe_v to_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o doctrine_n for_o to_o accurate_a knowledge_n of_o this_o matter_n most_o accurate_a observation_n be_v require_v neither_o yet_o may_v we_o if_o that_o the_o observation_n make_v at_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o same_o star_n on_o one_o place_n make_v not_o the_o same_o altitude_n assert_v that_o therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o it_o be_v diverse_a for_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n viz._n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o horizon_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v less_o rare_a if_o that_o this_o be_v so_o the_o observation_n will_v in_o no_o wise_n produce_v the_o same_o altitude_n although_o it_o be_v the_o same_o because_o that_o we_o suppose_v in_o the_o calculation_n that_o the_o same_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o both_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o refraction_n proposition_n xxxi_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o star_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v give_v when_o that_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o appear_v that_o be_v the_o horizontal_n refraction_n of_o the_o star_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o that_o air_n as_o may_v be_v the_o thickness_n of_o that_o air_n for_o such_o be_v fraction_n and_o the_o great_a excess_n of_o density_n as_o may_v be_v of_o that_o air_n above_o the_o density_n of_o the_o aether_n that_o be_v the_o great_a rule_n that_o can_v be_v of_o refraction_n also_o more_o general_o the_o refraction_n of_o a_o star_n be_v give_v unto_o the_o give_v apparent_a altitude_n of_o it_o above_o the_o horizon_n to_o find_v the_o great_a altitude_n that_o may_v be_v horizon_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o star_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n so_o let_v the_o give_v horizontal_n refraction_n n_o f_o l_o or_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o star_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n g_o f_o s_o or_o g_o l_o s_o when_o that_o it_o first_o begin_v to_o appear_v such_o as_o it_o be_v in_o nova_n zembla_n 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o from_o the_o optic_n that_o if_o the_o radius_fw-la s_o f_o touch_v the_o air_n in_o f_z that_o be_v if_o that_o the_o angle_n n_o f_o t_o be_v straight_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n then_o indeed_o that_o ray_n be_v not_o refract_v but_o if_o that_o no_o star_n be_v beneath_o the_o tangent_fw-la i_o n_z than_o no_o ray_n can_v immediate_o come_v near_o to_o f._n therefore_o it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o star_n shall_v be_v about_o the_o tangent_fw-la and_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_o shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o right_a angle_n or_o than_o 90._o let_v it_o therefore_o be_v suppose_v that_o 89_o deg_fw-la 59_o min._n or_o 90_o degree_n although_o very_o great_a yet_o not_o great_a than_o 90._o moreover_o let_v n_o f_o t_o the_o angle_n give_v or_o the_o horizontal_n refraction_n 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o 85_o deg_fw-la 29_o min._n be_v leave_v the_o great_a which_o may_v be_v whence_o if_o that_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o as_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n f_o l_o t_o so_o be_v l_o t_o to_n t_o f_o and_o the_o find_v out_o t_o f_o shall_v be_v the_o least_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n that_o may_v be_v the_o four_o proportional_a t_n f_o shall_v be_v the_o least_o that_o may_v be_v if_o so_o be_v that_o the_o middle_a bound_n or_o term_n viz._n the_o whole_a sign_n t_o l_o f_o and_o t_o l_o remain_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o refraction_n t_o f_o be_v not_o give_v to_o the_o apparent_a horizontal_n ray_n but_o to_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n x_o l_o g._n we_o shall_v act_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n in_o â–³_o t_o l_o r_o t._n also_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o l_o 89_o deg_fw-la 59_o min_fw-mi to_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o 85_o deg_fw-la 29_o min._n shall_v be_v the_o great_a reason_n which_o may_v be_v of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o air_n to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o aether_n proposition_n xxxii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o one_o refraction_n of_o a_o star_n in_o it_o be_v give_v to_o a_o certain_a altitude_n of_o it_o to_o find_v out_o from_o it_o the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n or_o proportion_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n to_o the_o angle_n refract_v or_o to_o the_o thickness_n of_o that_o air_n for_o the_o give_v refraction_n at_o the_o give_v altitude_n now_o the_o give_v altitude_n of_o the_o air_n ought_v to_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o according_a to_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o least_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n for_o if_o that_o it_o be_v not_o great_a it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o refraction_n be_v not_o observe_v and_o that_o the_o problem_n be_v impossible_a let_v therefore_o the_o t_o r_o given_z be_v great_a for_o example_n let_v x_o l_o g_o act_n the_o apparent_a altitude_n let_v the_o know_a refraction_n be_v m_o r_o l_o therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o r_o be_v give_v t_o r_o t_o l_o and_o the_o angle_n t_o l_o r._n from_o these_o be_v find_v out_o t_o r_o f_o the_o refracted_a angle_n unto_o which_o if_o that_o you_o add_v m_z l_o you_o have_v the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n m_o r_o t_o and_o the_o reason_n or_o account_v of_o the_o sign_n m_o r_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o r_o t_o shall_v be_v find_v this_o shall_v be_v the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n in_o this_o air_n or_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xxxiii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o refraction_n be_v give_v to_o the_o one_o altitude_n of_o a_o star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o refraction_n in_o another_o altitude_n of_o a_o star_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n for_o example_n let_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o or_o t_o r_o and_o the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o at_o the_o apparent_a altitude_n o_o be_v give_v viz._n the_o horizontal_n ray_n f_o l_o be_v that_o refract_v then_o let_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o apparent_a altitude_n of_o the_o star_n r_o l_o g_o or_o x_o l_o g_o be_v give_v let_v the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n or_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_n t_o f_o l_o or_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_n t_o f_o l_o be_v find_v by_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n then_o on_o the_o triangle_n t_o r_o l_o from_o the_o note_n t_o r_o t_o l_o and_o on_o the_o angle_n r_o l_o t_o let_v the_o angle_n t_o r_o l_o be_v find_v and_o as_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o l_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o f_o n_z so_o be_v t_o r_o l_o to_o the_o other_o
from_o the_o middle_n and_o send_v forth_o ray_n it_o signify_v a_o moist_a and_o windy_a season_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a in_o his_o set_n but_o if_o it_o be_v red_a the_o air_n will_v be_v quiet_a and_o serene_a the_o next_o day_n 4._o if_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a set_v in_o black_a cloud_n it_o signify_v a_o northwind_n 5._o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v red_a like_o unto_o gold_n it_o be_v deem_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o wind_n according_a to_o the_o verse_n pallida_fw-la luna_fw-la pluit_fw-la rubicunda_fw-la fiat_fw-la alba_fw-la serenat_fw-la 6._o a_o circle_n about_o the_o moon_n 7._o if_o that_o the_o northern-horn_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v more_o extend_v a_o northwind_n be_v approach_v 8._o if_o that_o the_o southern_a a_o southwind_n be_v at_o hand_n 9_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o more_o note_a star_n as_o of_o the_o bear_n orion_n and_o especial_o the_o goat_n with_o the_o sun_n 10._o if_o the_o small_a star_n in_o cancer_n term_v asellos_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n if_o the_o northern_a of_o they_o be_v cover_v the_o wind_n will_v be_v south_n if_o the_o southren_n be_v cover_v it_o will_v be_v north._n 11._o for_o the_o most_o part_n wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v when_o that_o the_o wind_n cease_v 12._o when_o a_o certain_a noise_n and_o murmur_n like_v to_o a_o ebullition_n be_v hear_v in_o the_o sea_n 13._o the_o ancient_n also_o prognosticate_v from_o the_o raven_n the_o dolphin_n and_o other_o animal_n 14._o from_o fiery_a meteor_n as_o from_o lightning_n and_o falling-star_n but_o not_o from_o the_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la proposition_n xviii_o why_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o blow_v with_o great_a force_n than_o in_o the_o hot_a summer_n or_o cold_a winter_n winter_n great_a and_o more_o frequent_a wind_n in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o cold_a winter_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n especial_o in_o mountainous_a place_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o open_v and_o send_v forth_o many_o exhalation_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n be_v then_o more_o thin_a when_o that_o they_o be_v condense_v in_o the_o winter_n add_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o the_o very_a spring_n many_o ray_n do_v fall_v by_o reason_n that_o humid_a constellation_n than_o have_v possess_v those_o house_n of_o the_o zodiac_n into_o which_o on_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o account_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o also_o in_o autumn_n the_o frequent_a ray_n and_o exhalation_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o moderate_a heat_n proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n advance_v the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v more_o thick_a and_o less_o attenuate_v but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o ray_n be_v very_o seldom_o see_v at_o that_o season_n viz._n because_o that_o the_o sun_n overmuch_o attenuate_v the_o exhalation_n and_o do_v not_o permit_v they_o so_o to_o conjoin_v or_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_n be_v not_o general_a or_o always_o true_a and_o neither_o be_v it_o general_o true_a that_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o here_o we_o be_v only_o to_o understand_v it_o concern_v that_o which_o oftentimes_o happen_v but_o in_o the_o sharp_a winter_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o rare_a and_o that_o by_o reason_n that_o both_o few_o vapour_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v elevate_v be_v either_o condense_a into_o cloud_n or_o be_v so_o dissipate_v by_o frost_n that_o they_o cause_v no_o wind_n proposition_n xix_o in_o what_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v blow_v in_o what_o region_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v the_o wind_n not_o to_o exceed_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o discover_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o olympus_n feel_v no_o blast_n but_o i_o question_v the_o observation_n see_v that_o the_o smoke_n cast_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n aetna_n be_v discern_v to_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o wind_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o windy_a commotion_n may_v be_v cause_v also_o in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xx._n unto_o what_o space_n one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o itself_o how_o far_o one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n seem_v to_o encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n either_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n for_o many_o day_n and_o long_a space_n be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v and_o follow_v mariner_n the_o same_o seem_v true_a concern_v collateral_a line_n but_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o that_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v different_a in_o divers_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o ten_o proposition_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o wind_n in_o particular_a and_o tempest_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v the_o distribution_n and_o difference_n or_o rather_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o quarter_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v or_o seem_v to_o blow_v which_o division_n also_o be_v accidental_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o those_o quarter_n be_v relate_v now_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v allege_v the_o division_n and_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o else_o be_v proper_a to_o certain_a tract_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o that_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v more_o and_o those_o likewise_o more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v these_o thing_n but_o we_o will_v produce_v what_o we_o have_v collect_v with_o much_o labour_n from_o the_o diaries_n of_o the_o seaman_n proposition_n i._n one_o wind_n be_v constant_a and_o another_o inconstant_a inconstant_a of_o wind_n constant_a and_o inconstant_a that_o be_v a_o constant_a wind_n which_o at_o the_o least_o for_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n blow_v from_o the_o same_o quarter_n that_o be_v a_o inconstant_a wind_n which_o sometime_o blow_v and_o other_o some_o be_v change_v into_o other_o wind_n blow_v from_o other_o quarter_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o more_o or_o less_o duration_n of_o the_o same_o wind_n also_o of_o the_o swift_a immutation_n seem_v to_o be_v 1._o if_o that_o it_o be_v from_o a_o general_a cause_n or_o from_o a_o cause_n less_o constant_a so_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v constant_a so_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n especial_o in_o the_o mountain_n 2._o if_o that_o by_o chance_n there_o be_v no_o such_o vapour_n in_o other_o quarter_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o generate_v wind_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o circumambient_a air_n about_o the_o cloud_n of_o which_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v be_v more_o thick_a and_o grant_v no_o passage_n to_o the_o exhalation_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o thick_a or_o more_o relax_v and_o that_o few_o vapour_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o quarter_n and_o last_o if_o that_o the_o general_a cause_n do_v cease_v than_o indeed_o the_o wind_n be_v find_v variable_a which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentle_a proposition_n ii_o one_o wind_n be_v general_a and_o another_o particular_a wind_n of_o general_a and_o particular_a wind_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v term_v by_o mariner_n a_o passant_a wind_n which_o at_o many_o place_n at_o once_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o earth_n blow_v on_o the_o sea_n almost_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n that_o be_v term_v a_o particular_a on_o the_o contrary_a which_o blow_v not_o at_o once_o in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n now_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v hinder_v 1._o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o vapour_n from_o other_o quarter_n do_v interpose_v
north_n latitude_n in_o the_o sea_n seventy_o mile_n from_o guinea_n a_o southeast_n wiad_o predominate_v from_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n but_o not_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o guinea_n itself_o after_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n the_o same_o wind_n be_v also_o discover_v at_o the_o 3_o deg_fw-la and_o 3_o ½_n of_o latitude_n 12._o at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o april_n unto_o the_o last_o of_o may_n the_o north_n and_o north-west_n wind_n blow_v but_o in_o february_n and_o march_v the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n and_o south_n 13._o in_o april_n or_o may_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n from_o madagascar_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a the_o north_n wind_n and_o the_o wind_n collateral_a to_o the_o north_n blow_v continual_o to_o the_o east_n so_o that_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o miracle_n if_o that_o the_o southo_n southeast_n wind_n blow_v for_o two_o day_n 14._o after_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o bengala_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v violent_a before_o that_o day_n the_o south-west_n and_o north-west_n and_o those_o be_v very_o impetuous_a do_v predominate_a 15._o there_o be_v a_o motion_n for_o navigation_n from_o malacca_n to_o maccou_n in_o july_n october_n november_n december_n viz._n the_o south_n wind_n and_o south-west_n wind_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o southeast_n wind_n but_o in_o june_n and_o july_n at_o the_o begin_n the_o west_n wind_n rage_n about_o malacca_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n 16._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o java_n to_o china_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n begin_v with_o the_o month_n of_o may._n 17._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o china_n to_o japan_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v in_o force_n in_o june_n and_o july_n viz._n the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o the_o north_n and_o collateral_a wind_n to_o the_o north_n at_o the_o east_n oftentimes_o interpose_v and_o that_o especial_o at_o the_o day_n time_n but_o in_o the_o night_n season_n the_o southeast_n and_o the_o first_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o east_n do_v interpose_v and_o let_v 18._o a_o contrary_a motion_n viz._n from_o japan_n to_o maccou_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v in_o february_n and_o march_v viz._n the_o east_n and_o north-east_n wind_n but_o these_o predominate_a not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n which_o those_o that_o sail_n in_o that_o voyage_n from_o japan_n observe_v they_o term_v they_o the_o wind_n over_o the_o land_n 19_o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o phillippine_n isle_n or_o china_n to_o aquaepulco_n in_o america_n viz._n the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o they_o be_v very_o weak_a except_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n now_o they_o be_v the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o they_o avoid_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o choose_v the_o coast_n of_o america_n septentrional_n be_v to_o shun_v the_o wind_n that_o be_v general_a from_o the_o east_n which_o yet_o then_o be_v less_o vehement_a this_o therefore_o must_v be_v know_v in_o general_a that_o the_o occidental_a motion_n or_o west_n wind_n be_v more_o weak_a than_o the_o oriental_a because_o that_o these_o be_v help_v by_o a_o general_a wind_n but_o these_o be_v diminish_v by_o it_o 20._o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n a_o south_n and_o south-west_n motion_n reign_v in_o july_n august_n and_o october_n but_o if_o that_o these_o wind_n be_v change_v into_o a_o oriental_a motion_n they_o never_o present_o return_v to_o the_o south_n but_o first_o to_o the_o north_n hence_o when_o they_o have_v blow_v some_o day_n they_o return_v to_o the_o east_n and_o last_o to_o the_o south_n sometime_o the_o north-east_n be_v immediate_o change_v into_o the_o south-west_n sometime_o present_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o that_o here_o be_v sufficient_o frequent_a so_o in_o the_o sea_n anniversary_n wind_n be_v more_o constant_a unto_o which_o i_o add_v those_o that_o be_v less_o constant_a and_o those_o which_o on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o on_o maritimate_a place_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v anniversary_n proposition_n iu._n the_o etesian_a wind_n so_o term_v that_o be_v anniversary_n in_o grece_n proceed_v from_o rain_n and_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n proceed_v of_o etesian_a wind_n and_o from_o what_o they_o proceed_v the_o grecian_n observe_v a_o twofold_a kind_n of_o wind_n on_o every_o year_n which_o be_v state_v and_o term_v etesian_a wind_n viz._n 1._o those_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o canicular_a wind_n which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o general_n term_n etesiae_n because_o that_o they_o be_v more_o strong_a and_o sensible_a 2._o the_o winter_n wind_n which_o they_o call_v the_o chelidonii_n or_o ornithiae_n the_o canicular_a etesian_a wind_n be_v northern_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o to_o a_o certain_a writer_n do_v much_o differ_v when_o that_o aristotle_n have_v add_v that_o they_o blow_v after_o the_o summer_n solstice_n he_o mention_v nothing_o of_o the_o true_a time_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o very_a great_a negligence_n which_o at_o length_n he_o augment_v where_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o ornithiae_n he_o omit_v both_o the_o time_n and_o the_o quarter_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o those_o that_o have_v note_v the_o time_n of_o the_o etesian_a wind_n they_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o forerunner_n of_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v either_o on_o the_o 6_o of_o july_n or_o on_o the_o 15_o of_o july_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog_n star_n now_o those_o wind_n blow_v 40_o day_n the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o dog_n date_n and_o therefore_o end_v with_o the_o month_n of_o august_n but_o other_o extend_v they_o to_o september_n they_o only_o blow_v in_o the_o day_n and_o cease_v in_o the_o night_n therefore_o mariner_n former_o call_v they_o the_o sleepy_a and_o delicate_a wind_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n questionless_a be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o northern_a mountain_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o great_a by_o reason_n that_o now_o for_o divers_a month_n together_o almost_o he_o have_v continual_o shine_v on_o those_o mountain_n without_o any_o set_n and_o with_o this_o cause_n it_o apt_o agree_v that_o the_o etesian_a wind_n cease_v on_o the_o night_n because_o that_o then_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n cease_v or_o at_o least_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n require_v because_o that_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v over_o or_o near_o the_o horizon_n or_o else_o set_v whole_o the_o same_o northern_a canicular_a wind_n be_v not_o only_o in_o greece_n but_o also_o in_o thrace_n macedonia_n the_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o all_o which_o region_n be_v sometime_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o greece_n yea_o in_o egypt_n also_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n blow_v in_o congo_n situate_a beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o that_o wind_n that_o blow_v from_o the_o north_n between_o march_n and_o september_n be_v the_o same_o with_o these_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o at_o least_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o also_o that_o north_n wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v blow_v in_o the_o same_o month_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzurat_n from_o march_n to_o september_n these_o i_o say_v we_o ought_v to_o determine_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_a snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o asia_n term_v the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n and_o the_o girdle_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o we_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o motion_n the_o second_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v the_o chelidonian_a which_o they_o relate_v to_o begin_v after_o winter_n but_o have_v not_o note_v the_o day_n of_o the_o beginning_n now_o these_o be_v south_n wind_n contrary_a to_o the_o canicular_a or_o etesian_a wind_n and_o very_o weak_a without_o violence_n moreover_o inconstant_a and_o not_o so_o continual_a whence_o they_o render_v the_o sea_n calm_a aristotle_n relate_v that_o they_o blow_v by_o course_n even_o unto_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n until_o the_o northern_a canicular_a etesian_a wind_n begin_v but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o discern_v the_o cause_n also_o of_o these_o wind_n be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o mountain_n of_o monomotapa_n which_o snow_n the_o sun_n rarify_v because_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o winter_n and_o that_o of_o greece_n they_o have_v summer_n the_o sun_n pass_v through_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o this_o wind_n be_v also_o find_v in_o congo_n egypt_n and_o the_o aegean_a
sea_n and_o the_o like_a be_v in_o guzurat_n but_o for_o very_a many_o month_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o blow_v in_o congo_n and_o guzurat_n in_o september_n it_o continue_v even_o to_o march_n the_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o they_o call_v ornithia_n or_o the_o bridge_n wind_n this_o they_o say_v blow_v after_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n the_o sun_n ascend_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o european_n proposition_n v._o why_o the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o italy_n france_n germany_n persia_n and_o other_o region_n especial_o see_v that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n from_o whence_o we_o assert_v the_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n congo_n and_o guzurat_n do_v arise_v and_o blow_v mountain_n the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o all_o region_n though_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n the_o question_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n and_o i_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v this_o matter_n viz._n the_o notation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v observe_v in_o each_o region_n whether_o in_o every_o year_n the_o same_o never_o return_v yet_o if_o that_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v say_v to_o the_o question_n these_o seem_v convenient_a 1._o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o north_n wind_n often_o blow_v in_o our_o canicular_a or_o dog_n day_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o continual_a and_o in_o each_o year_n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o often_o blow_v of_o other_o wind_n which_o hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o same_o 3._o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o this_o first_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n begin_v be_v situate_v direct_o from_o greece_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o canicular_a wind_n be_v carry_v hither_o but_o the_o vapour_n be_v carry_v hither_o from_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o other_o mountain_n because_o that_o here_o they_o find_v a_o free_a passage_n make_v but_o i_o shall_v reject_v these_o my_o extemporay_a thought_n when_o that_o i_o shall_v see_v a_o better_a reason_n and_o more_o accurate_a observation_n proposition_n vi_o some_o wind_n be_v proper_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a to_o some_o place_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n other_o be_v cease_v time_n place_n which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o few_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n viz._n these_o 1._o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o of_o part_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n situate_a in_o the_o zone_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a wind_n viz._n a_o oriental_a wind_n or_o its_o collateral_a which_o they_o call_v a_o general_n wind_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v treat_v large_o of_o it_o yea_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o proper_a wind_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o place_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n it_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v in_o all_o place_n viz._n because_o other_o wind_n blow_v more_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o some_o the_o cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o place_n cite_v 2._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o part_n of_o chili_n and_o to_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v almost_o perpetual_a and_o his_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o west_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o 46_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o blow_v to_o panama_n the_o american_n isthmus_n and_o cause_v that_o in_o few_o day_n ship_n arrive_v from_o lima_n at_o panama_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o require_v many_o day_n sail_n from_o panama_n to_o lima._n but_o this_o wind_n blow_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o render_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o south_n land_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o blow_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v unto_o we_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o because_o that_o mountain_n be_v find_v in_o it_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v from_o a_o continual_a resolution_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n with_o these_o my_o suspicion_n or_o conjecture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v find_v all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n at_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o those_o mountain_n lie_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o west_n decline_v from_o the_o south_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o a_o more_o diligent_a inquisition_n or_o a_o more_o full_a knowledge_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n 3._o at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o del_n fugo_n about_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr mair_n continual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a frequent_a western_o wind_n do_v blow_n and_o that_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n from_o their_o perpendicular_a rectitude_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o those_o occidental_a wind_n so_o often_o blow_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o strait_n le_fw-fr mair_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south_n land_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v i_o can_v render_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o those_o occidental_a wind_n but_o that_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o snow_n and_o cloud_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o side_n of_o that_o occidental_a streight_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n but_o these_o be_v doubtful_a and_o more_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o 4._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n of_o india_n for_o almost_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n blow_v the_o cause_n proceed_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o asiatic_a sarmatia_n viz._n imaus_n or_o caucasus_n from_o the_o cloud_n on_o the_o other_o mountain_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v collect_v and_o press_v the_o subject_n air._n 5._o in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o guinea_n the_o north_n west_n wind_n be_v frequent_a and_o in_o the_o remote_a sea_n the_o north_n east_n 6._o in_o the_o middle_a passage_n between_o japan_n and_o liampo_n a_o maritimate_a city_n of_o china_n even_o unto_o these_o be_v find_v occidental_a wind_n which_o blow_n in_o japan_n in_o november_n and_o december_n 7._o at_o the_o isle_n guotou_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n do_v cavallos_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n be_v a_o frequent_a south_n wind_n when_o that_o yet_o in_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n a_o north_n wind_n be_v predominate_v proposition_n vii_o unto_o these_o periodical_a or_o state_a wind_n appertain_v those_o also_o that_o be_v term_v day_n wind_n which_o in_o some_o region_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n blow_v for_o some_o hour_n every_o day_n call_v of_o day_n wind_n so_o call_v now_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v twofold_a and_o that_o only_a in_o some_o maritimate_a place_n for_o some_o blow_n from_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n 1._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n viz._n from_o september_n to_o april_n the_o terrestrial_a wind_n or_o terrinhos_n do_v blow_n from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n now_o these_o wind_n be_v eastern_a wind_n but_o from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n the_o sea_n wind_n or_o viraconus_n to_o wit_n the_o west_n wind_n blow_v but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a so_o that_o by_o its_o assistance_n the_o ship_n can_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o shoar_n i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o oriental_a wind_n from_o twelve_o at_o night_n to_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n partly_o to_o be_v a_o general_a wind_n and_o partly_o cloud_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o occidental_a wind_n that_o blow_n from_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n to_o twelve_o at_o night_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o thick_a cloud_n cause_v by_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o cloud_n before_o by_o the_o oriental_a wind_n be_v force_v towards_o the_o west_n out_o of_o those_o name_v month_n the_o north_n wind_n predominate_v also_o the_o east_n and_o north-east_n neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o tempest_n be_v these_o terrestrial_a and_o marine_a wind_n discern_v 2._o in_o musulipatan_n a_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o charomandel_n these_o terrinhos_n begin_v to_o blow_v
on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o june_n and_o continue_v only_o fourteen_o day_n and_o then_o the_o ship_n depart_v thence_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v among_o the_o motion_n because_o that_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v conjecture_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o nautick_a description_n these_o terrestrial_a wind_n on_o those_o day_n be_v there_o continual_a neither_o do_v the_o marine_a wind_n succeed_v they_o 3._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n and_o new_a spain_n unto_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n terrestrial_a wind_n blow_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o night_n and_o marine_a wind_n in_o the_o day_n 4._o in_o congo_n and_o the_o province_n at_o lopo_n gonsalvo_n terrestrial_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o evening_n all_o night_n and_o sea_n wind_n begin_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o lessen_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o day_n 5._o the_o subsolan_n wind_n also_o which_o be_v find_v to_o blow_v before_o the_o sun_n and_o with_o the_o sun_n rise_v every_o day_n in_o all_o place_n especial_o in_o brazile_n where_o it_o happen_v every_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o either_o we_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o particle_n of_o the_o general_n wind_n or_o that_o the_o sun_n discuss_v and_o rarifi_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n condense_v by_o the_o night_n 6._o the_o etesian_a and_o chelidonian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n appertain_v to_o the_o diary_n or_o day_n wind_n 7._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n from_o varrella_n to_o pulo-catte_n from_o the_o 28_o of_o july_n to_o the_o four_o of_o august_n terrestrial_a and_o sea_n wind_n successive_o blow_v often_o every_o day_n because_o that_o the_o motion_n than_o cease_v there_o and_o cause_v a_o calm_a the_o west_n and_o north-west_n be_v the_o terrestrial_a wind_n but_o the_o collateral_a be_v the_o east_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o north_n and_o present_o be_v reflect_v at_o the_o south_n then_o a_o calm_a succee_v until_o the_o terrestrial_a wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v again_o which_o yet_o be_v discover_v on_o the_o sea_n not_o above_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n 8._o those_o terrestrial_a and_o sea_n wind_n be_v find_v to_o blow_v in_o the_o night_n in_o america_n at_o havanna_n proposition_n viii_o by_o how_o much_o you_o draw_v near_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o arctic_a pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o northern-wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v less_o vigorous_a and_o have_v pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la in_o part_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n southern-wind_n be_v vigorous_a which_o in_o these_o place_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a especial_o in_o chilis_n and_o peru._n the_o cause_n of_o both_o be_v the_o same_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o both_o proceed_v from_o the_o polary_a place_n yet_o south-wind_n be_v find_v in_o the_o north_n continent_n and_o northern_a in_o the_o south_n proposition_n ix_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v four_o difference_n of_o wind_n wind_n four_o difference_n of_o wind_n 1._o those_o that_o be_v common_a which_o blow_n at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o every_o place_n except_o that_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o other_o wind_n such_o be_v only_a one_o viz_o the_o general_n wind_n 2._o proper_a wind_n which_o blow_n at_o all_o time_n but_o yet_o only_o in_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o tract_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o in_o all_o the_o earth_n 3._o those_o that_o blow_v in_o many_o place_n but_o not_o continual_o or_o at_o all_o time_n as_o be_v motion_n anniversary_n wind_n and_o some_o diary_n wind_n 4._o those_o that_o blow_v not_o at_o all_o time_n nor_o in_o many_o place_n proposition_n x._o some_o wind_n be_v sudden_a impetuous_a and_o violent_a not_o continue_v long_o continuance_n of_o sudden_a and_o violent_a wind_n and_o not_o of_o long_a continuance_n such_o be_v the_o wind_n term_v prester_n typhon_n turbo_n exhydrias_n ecnephias_n these_o wind_n be_v anniversary_n in_o some_o place_n and_o some_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o some_o place_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o wind_n call_v prester_n be_v a_o violent_a wind_n break_v forth_o with_o lightning_n such_o be_v seldom_o observe_v and_o it_o be_v seldom_o solitary_a without_o a_o wind_n term_v ecnephias_n but_o seneca_n say_v that_o a_o prester_n be_v a_o typhon_n or_o whirlwind_n with_o a_o inflame_a air._n a_o ecnephias_n be_v a_o sudden_a wind_n and_o violent_a break_n through_o some_o cloud_n or_o vapour_n such_o ecnephiae_fw-la be_v often_o in_o the_o aethiopian_a sea_n between_o brazil_n and_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n especial_o at_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a and_o from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o africa_n to_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr natal_n also_o at_o guinee_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la mariner_n call_v they_o travado_n by_o a_o portugal_n word_n also_o in_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o some_o sea_n that_o cloud_n and_o sometime_o many_o thick_a and_o dusky_a cloud_n be_v manifest_o behold_v by_o the_o mariner_n to_o collect_v and_o augment_v by_o degree_n and_o that_o in_o a_o most_o serene_a sky_n before_o that_o the_o wind_n break_v forth_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o they_o see_v it_o they_o ought_v to_o furl_v their_o sail_n and_o defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o future_a storm_n but_o before_o that_o seaman_n have_v learn_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o cloud_n and_o their_o prognostic_n many_o ship_n have_v enter_v into_o this_o sea_n be_v cast_v away_o which_o the_o portugal_n first_o experiment_v for_o that_o nation_n first_o of_o all_o the_o european_n sail_v the_o aethiopian_a ocean_n for_o india_n be_v discover_v by_o gamma_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n send_v thirteen_o ship_n a_o new_a navy_n of_o great_a burden_n thither_o under_o admiral_n caprali_fw-la in_fw-la anno_fw-la 1500._o this_o navy_n first_o of_o all_o the_o european_n arrive_v at_o brazil_n to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o portugal_n here_o when_o that_o they_o have_v stay_v sometime_o viz._n the_o month_n of_o april_n they_o set_v sail_n thence_o on_o the_o month_n of_o may_n towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a but_o they_o have_v a_o most_o cruel_a storm_n from_o a_o ecnephias_n the_o approach_n of_o which_o they_o see_v yet_o be_v not_o acquaint_v therewith_o which_o maffaeus_n thus_o describe_v from_o brazil_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a they_o reckon_v almost_o two_o thousand_o league_n that_o be_v about_o a_o thousand_o german_a mile_n those_o be_v the_o kingdom_n especial_o of_o the_o rage_a ocean_n and_o violent_a wind_n the_o portugal_n have_v enter_v into_o that_o space_n more_o adventurous_o than_o fortunate_o on_o the_o month_n of_o may_n a_o flame_a comet_n appear_v incontinent_o even_o to_o the_o ten_o day_n and_o now_o the_o sky_n often_o change_v as_o also_o the_o sea_n black_a and_o sordid_a cloud_n be_v conglobate_v to_o the_o north_n and_o collect_v all_o the_o wind_n into_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v by_o reciprocation_n the_o sea_n be_v languid_a and_o the_o calm_a treacherous_a the_o seaman_n unskilful_a both_o in_o the_o place_n and_o tempest_n spread_v their_o sail_n to_o receive_v all_o the_o gale_n of_o wind_n when_o from_o those_o cloud_n as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o northwind_n pour_v itself_o sudden_o with_o a_o universal_a violence_n it_o shipwreck_v four_o of_o their_o ship_n that_o be_v not_o so_o well_o dispose_v to_o hand_n their_o sail_n in_o a_o moment_n the_o rest_n look_v on_o so_o that_o of_o so_o great_a a_o company_n of_o man_n none_o escape_v maffeus_n see_v maffeus_n the_o sudden_a strike_v of_o the_o yard_n or_o sail_n rend_v by_o the_o wind_n preserve_v the_o rest_n by_o accident_n then_o the_o northwind_n blow_v furious_o the_o sea_n swell_v the_o flood_n sometime_o advance_v to_o the_o sky_n and_o sometime_o sink_v to_o the_o depth_n of_o hell_n the_o water_n in_o the_o day_n time_n appear_v as_o black_a as_o pitch_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n of_o a_o fiery_a colour_n this_o dismal_a tempest_n continue_v the_o space_n of_o 20_o day_n the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a be_v especial_o infamous_a for_o such_o ecnephiae_fw-la or_o travado_n there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o shoar_n a_o very_a high_a mountain_n not_o end_v in_o a_o apex_n but_o have_v a_o plain_a on_o the_o top_n like_v to_o a_o table_n from_o that_o top_n a_o ecnephias_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n and_o wonderful_a prognostic_n for_o the_o sky_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o the_o sea_n calm_a a_o cloud_n be_v behold_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o table_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v so_o small_a at_o first_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o exceed_v the_o bulk_n of_o a_o grain_n of_o barley_n and_o at_o length_n it_o increase_v to_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n the_o dutch_a call_v it_o the_o oxes-eye_n because_o that_o this_o cloud_n
this_o his_o entrance_n do_v not_o happen_v on_o the_o 21th_o of_o every_o month_n but_o in_o some_o month_n before_o and_o in_o some_o after_o therefore_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o precise_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v look_v for_o it_o in_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o in_o our_o almanac_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n when_o one_o may_v search_v when_o the_o globe_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grand_a fault_n in_o a_o learned_a or_o know_a person_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v that_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o day_n and_o night_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v depend_v of_o all_o which_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o the_o life_n of_o man_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n proposition_n i._o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o arch_n draw_v from_o the_o place_n give_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la measure_v this_o distance_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o the_o place_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v term_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o extension_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o same_o return_v from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n proposition_n ii_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o any_o place_n or_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n be_v call_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o celestial_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o celestial_a pole_n and_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n pole_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a meridian_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o horizon_n for_o by_o this_o mode_n it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o desire_v if_o that_o the_o earth_n cause_n the_o first_o motion_n but_o astronomer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n apply_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o imaginary_a celestial_a pole_n proposition_n iii_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o degree_n and_o minute_n if_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v great_a the_o same_o latitude_n in_o geographical_a map_n map_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n by_o a_o globe_n or_o by_o map_n in_o a_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o geographical_a map_n if_o the_o map_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n let_v a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o place_n give_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la except_o it_o be_v already_o draw_v in_o the_o map_n or_o let_v a_o rule_n only_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o so_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o line_n in_o the_o side-line_n of_o the_o map_n will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o crooked_a line_n so_o that_o no_o parallel_n can_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o place_n give_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n in_o the_o place_n give_v and_o in_o this_o space_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o side-line_n again_o will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o that_o the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v from_o the_o pole_n also_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v find_v out_o proposition_n iu._n the_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n so_o to_o constitute_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v 90_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o it_o towards_o the_o adjoin_a pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v place_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o easy_a method_n of_o perform_v the_o fame_n proposition_n v._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n this_o be_v show_v by_o the_o globe_n thus_o take_v a_o place_n as_o you_o please_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n now_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o they_o will_v be_v find_v equal_a scheme_n the_o theory_v show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n see_v scheme_n the_o theorem_fw-la be_v thus_o show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n let_v c_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o and_z place_n in_o the_o superficies_n p_o the_o pole_n h_n p_o l_o z_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n and_o h_n z_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o horizon_n p_o h_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n qui_fw-fr t_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o section_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o p_o q_n shall_v be_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o 90_o degree_n because_o that_o p_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o the_o former_a reason_n l_o h_n shall_v be_v the_o arch_n of_o 90_o degree_n because_o l_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o l_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o a_o equal_a arch_n p_o qui_fw-fr and_o the_o common_a part_n l_o p_o being_n take_v away_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o arch_n p_o h_o l_o q_o will_v be_v equal_a the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v you_o have_v also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o same_o place_n now_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la join_v together_o make_v 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all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o find_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o distance_n give_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la place_n further_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n or_o let_v the_o latitude_n give_v be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o pole_n then_o let_v a_o point_a chalk_n be_v apply_v unto_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n and_o turn_v the_o globe_n round_o so_o the_o chalk_n will_v describe_v the_o periphery_n which_o shall_v
shall_v be_v place_v on_o the_o meridian_n line_n of_o the_o plain_a and_o so_o the_o map_n shall_v have_v its_o require_a situation_n proposition_n ix_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o star_n star_n to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n above_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o star_n although_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n exist_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n its_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v be_v find_v without_o the_o star_n the_o mode_n of_o find_v the_o same_o be_v various_a first_o let_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n be_v observe_v when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o let_v its_o compliment_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v for_o this_o take_v away_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n that_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o let_v it_o be_v add_v if_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a the_o residue_n shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v his_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n be_v find_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o from_o a_o table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o from_o the_o globe_n for_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v note_v in_o the_o globe_n at_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v intercept_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n exhibit_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o day_n give_v second_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o 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star_n from_o our_o vertex_fw-la the_o remain_a number_n shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o that_o the_o declination_n be_v northern_a and_o the_o star_n be_v seat_v between_o the_o pole_n star_n and_o the_o proximate_a part_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o find_v out_o latitude_n of_o the_o star_n the_o aggregate_v number_n shall_v give_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n if_o the_o declination_n shall_v be_v northern_a and_o the_o star_n be_v place_v between_o our_o vertex_fw-la and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o horizon_n remote_a from_o the_o polary_a star_n that_o declination_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o star_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o to_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o altitude_n the_o aggregated_a number_n shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n final_o if_o that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o star_n be_v southern_a this_o must_v be_v deduct_v from_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o altitude_n observe_v and_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n neither_o in_o this_o casualty_n do_v any_o variety_n occur_v as_o in_o the_o star_n of_o the_o northern_a declination_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o place_n situate_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o north_n pole_n for_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o the_o place_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o south_n pole_n five_o if_o the_o plaga_fw-la or_o part_n be_v observe_v in_o which_o any_o star_n rise_v or_o set_v the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o three_o mode_n six_o if_o that_o you_o have_v not_o a_o table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o star_n at_o hand_n you_o may_v obtain_v the_o thing_n require_v if_o that_o you_o observe_v some_o star_n not_o set_v viz._n such_o a_o one_o which_o in_o its_o whole_a circumrotation_n be_v remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o those_o star_n come_v twice_o to_o the_o meridian_n and_o therefore_o their_o meridian_n altitude_n be_v twofold_a one_o great_a and_o the_o other_o less_o both_o these_o must_v be_v observe_v and_o the_o half_a difference_n must_v be_v add_v to_o the_o lesser_a altitude_n or_o take_v from_o the_o great_a so_o we_o shall_v obtain_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n seven_o if_o we_o inquire_v not_o after_o a_o accurate_a latitude_n of_o a_o place_n but_o will_v be_v content_v with_o one_o not_o much_o recede_a from_o the_o true_a we_o must_v take_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o polary_a star_n when_o that_o it_o have_v far_o
find_v at_o the_o day_n take_v and_o note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o one_o place_n take_v and_o let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n or_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o or_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n in_o that_o place_n at_o the_o assume_v day_n be_v find_v by_o the_o six_o proposition_n of_o this_o chap._n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o let_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n or_o stay_v of_o the_o sun_n above_o or_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v find_v at_o the_o same_o assume_v day_n let_v this_o longitude_n so_o find_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o other_o and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a so_o that_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a have_v all_o the_o day_n of_o one_o half_a year_n long_o than_o the_o place_n more_o nigh_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o will_v have_v all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o half_a year_n short_a corollary_n what_o have_v be_v show_v of_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n except_o the_o aequinoctial_o the_o same_o be_v also_o of_o force_n in_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a and_o short_a day_n and_o in_o this_o it_o be_v most_o observe_v and_o note_v because_o here_o be_v the_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o night_n and_o day_n not_o so_o great_a in_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n therefore_o of_o the_o two_o place_n that_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o more_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n have_v the_o long_a day_n great_a than_o the_o place_n more_fw-mi vicine_fw-la to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o short_a day_n lesser_a proposition_n viii_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n situate_v in_o one_o of_o the_o same_o parallel_n have_v all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n equal_a and_o therefore_o the_o same_o quantity_n 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part_n into_o which_o the_o superficies_n situate_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o cut_v by_o draw_v parallel_n that_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o parallel_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o parallel_n more_o near_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o number_n of_o hour_n viz._n half_a a_o hour_n in_o place_n situate_v even_o to_o the_o arctic_a circle_n in_o other_o place_n a_o whole_a hour_n or_o some_o hour_n and_o day_n the_o begin_n of_o a_o climate_n be_v call_v a_o parallel_n with_o which_o the_o climate_n begin_v and_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o end_n of_o a_o climate_n be_v call_v a_o parallel_n terminate_n the_o climate_n the_o middle_n of_o a_o climate_n be_v call_v a_o parallel_n draw_v almost_o through_o the_o middle_a superficies_n of_o a_o climate_n so_o that_o in_o that_o the_o long_a day_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o climate_n by_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o a_o half_a difference_n wherein_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o end_n of_o a_o climate_n exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o climate_n a_o parallel_n space_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o which_o the_o middle_a parallel_n of_o a_o climate_n comprehend_v with_o the_o begin_n or_o end_n of_o a_o climate_n proposition_n ix_o if_o more_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n who_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la equal_o augment_v from_o one_o degree_n to_o 10_o 20_o 30_o 40_o degree_n the_o long_a day_n in_o these_o place_n shall_v not_o be_v equal_o great_a or_o not_o equal_o augment_v but_o they_o shall_v more_o augment_v in_o place_n more_o remote_a and_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n pole_n touch_v the_o length_n of_o day_n of_o place_n take_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n to_o show_v the_o verity_n of_o 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place_n 20_o degree_n and_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n be_v again_o bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o tropic_n be_v note_v in_o the_o occidental_a for_o the_o arch_n above_o the_o horizon_n will_v again_o note_v the_o stay_n which_o also_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o index_n and_o the_o circle_n in_o the_o hour_n the_o same_o may_v be_v use_v with_o place_n who_o latitude_n be_v 40_o 50_o 60_o 70_o degree_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v do_v let_v the_o diurual_a hour_n of_o the_o sun_n stay_v above_o the_o the_o horizon_n or_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o tropic_n be_v compare_v and_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n do_v much_o more_o increase_n in_o place_n more_o remote_a than_o in_o the_o place_n more_o adjacent_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n do_v more_o augment_v than_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la note_v what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o show_v concern_v the_o long_a day_n that_o be_v true_a of_o all_o the_o day_n of_o one_o half_a of_o the_o year_n and_o be_v demonstrate_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n be_v take_v and_o therefore_o although_o general_n must_v be_v deliver_v general_o yet_o because_o the_o doctrine_n of_o climate_n especial_o require_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v in_o this_o doctrine_n that_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d proposition_n x._o if_o so_o many_o place_n or_o parallel_n be_v so_o take_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o
parallel_n long_a day_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o interval_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr hour_n min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o first_o the_o begin_n middle_a end_n &_o begin_n of_o the_o 2._o 12_o 0_o 0_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 15_o 4_o 15_o 0_o 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 30_o 8_o 25_o 8_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 45_o 12_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 0_o 16_o 25_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 15_o 20_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o three_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 13_o 30_o 23_o 50_o 7_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 13_o 45_o 27_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o four_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 0_o 30_o 20_o 6_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 15_o 33_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o five_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 14_o 30_o 36_o 28_o 6_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 14_o 45_o 39_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o six_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 0_o 41_o 22_o 4_o 52_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 15_o 43_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 15_o 30_o 45_o 29_o 4_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 15_o 45_o 47_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighth_z the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 0_o 49_o 1_o 3_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 15_o 50_o 33_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nine_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 16_o 30_o 51_o 58_o 2_o 7_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 16_o 45_o 53_o 17_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o ten_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 0_o 54_o 27_o 2_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 15_o 55_o 34_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eleven_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 17_o 30_o 56_o 37_o 2_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 17_o 45_o 57_o 32_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twelve_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 0_o 58_o 29_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 15_o 59_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o thirteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 18_o 30_o 59_o 58_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 18_o 45_o 60_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fourteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 0_o 61_o 18_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 15_o 61_o 55_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o fifteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 19_o 30_o 62_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 19_o 45_o 62_o 54_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o sixteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 0_o 63_o 22_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 15_o 64_o 40_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o seventeen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 20_o 30_o 64_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 45_o 64_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o eighteen_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 0_o 65_o 49_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 15_o 65_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o nineteenth_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 21_o 30_o 65_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 21_o 45_o 65_o 35_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o twenty_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 0_o 65_o 47_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 15_o 66_o 57_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 21_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 22_o 30_o 66_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 22_o 45_o 66_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 22d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 0_o 66_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 15_o 66_o 25_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 23d_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 23_o 30_o 66_o 28_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 23_o 45_o 66_o 30_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o 24_o the_o middle_a the_o end_n 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o climate_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v extend_v no_o further_o because_o that_o in_o the_o follow_a place_n the_o long_a day_n do_v not_o increase_v by_o hour_n but_o by_o whole_a day_n or_o diurnal_a revolution_n and_o it_o be_v lose_v labour_n to_o compute_v they_o notwithstanding_o the_o follow_a canon_n will_v show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o long_a day_n increase_v by_o whole_a month_n month_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n deg_fw-la min._n  _fw-fr 67_o 20_o 69_o 30_o 73_o 20_o 78_o 20_o 84_o 0_o 90_o 0_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o method_n of_o other_o geographer_n in_o reckon_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o make_v the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n geographer_n the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o climate_n by_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n the_o ancient_a geographer_n especial_o the_o grecian_n who_o suppose_v only_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inhabit_v because_o that_o as_o well_o the_o place_n northern_o as_o those_o of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o deny_v as_o impossible_a to_o be_v inhabit_v therefore_o they_o divide_v only_o that_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v into_o climate_n and_o so_o only_o number_v seven_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o name_v they_o from_o some_o note_a place_n through_o which_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o climate_n pass_v viz._n the_o first_o climate_n they_o call_v the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n which_o be_v a_o island_n and_o city_n in_o africa_n encompass_v by_o the_o nile_n the_o second_o through_o syene_n a_o city_n of_o egypt_n the_o three_o through_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n the_o four_o through_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n the_o five_o through_o the_o hellespont_n other_o through_o rome_n the_o six_o through_o borysthenes_n a_o famous_a river_n of_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n the_o seven_o through_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n of_o sarmatia_n the_o ancient_n number_v not_o the_o other_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n because_o all_o those_o place_n be_v unknown_a to_o they_o and_o many_o thought_n that_o the_o sea_n possess_v all_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o see_v it_o seem_v somewhat_o improbable_a to_o the_o latter_a these_o also_o number_v the_o climate_n from_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o they_o name_v they_o not_o from_o any_o note_a place_n for_o they_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o but_o by_o the_o same_o appellation_n with_o those_o of_o the_o northern_a only_o prepose_v the_o preposition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o climate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v the_o climate_n opposite_a to_o the_o climate_n through_o meroe_n or_o syene_n etc._n etc._n ancient_n other_o climate_n add_v by_o the_o ancient_n but_o when_o through_o progress_n of_o time_n they_o discover_v many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n to_o be_v inhabit_v many_o more_o climate_n be_v number_v and_o constitute_v some_o name_v the_o eight_o clime_n from_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n the_o nine_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o ten_o the_o eleven_o and_o the_o rest_n from_o other_o place_n which_o denomination_n although_o not_o necessary_a for_o the_o construction_n of_o a_o table_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v add_v unto_o our_o table_n in_o those_o areae_fw-la where_o we_o have_v place_v the_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o so_o the_o climate_n will_v stick_v close_o in_o our_o memory_n as_o also_o the_o place_n in_o every_o climate_n and_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o better_a comparison_n between_o the_o difference_n of_o cold_a and_o heat_n but_o this_o be_v better_a to_o leave_v to_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a than_o to_o add_v it_o to_o it_o that_o so_o we_o may_v afford_v they_o a_o great_a occasion_n of_o contemplate_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v more_o easy_o commit_v they_o to_o memory_n climate_n where_o the_o ancient_n begin_v the_o climate_n you_o must_v also_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o begin_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o climate_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o as_o our_o table_n do_v but_o from_o the_o place_n or_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n consist_v of_o 12¾_n hour_n and_o therefore_o their_o first_o climate_n be_v the_o second_o in_o our_o table_n their_o second_o our_o three_o and_o so_o on_o for_o they_o suppose_v those_o place_n which_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o first_o climate_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v inhabit_v by_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n latitude_n the_o first_o climate_n of_o 9_o degree_n of_o latitude_n that_o therefore_o they_o judge_v it_o not_o meet_v to_o reckon_v those_o place_n but_o see_v that_o experience_n have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a we_o will_v observe_v their_o mode_n of_o name_v and_o constitute_v of_o those_o climate_n ptolemy_n begin_v the_o first_o climate_n from_o the_o parallel_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v 12¼_n hour_n or_o where_o the_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v four_o degree_n 15_o minute_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o no_o
for_o when_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n than_o every_o one_o will_v then_o confess_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v summer_n except_o some_o other_o cause_n obstruct_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o spring_n or_o summer_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n or_o libra_n but_o rather_o the_o summer_n because_o than_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n and_o cause_v great_a heat_n except_o some_o other_o cause_n hinder_v neither_o can_v the_o summer_n be_v transfer_v unto_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n the_o same_o also_o hold_v concern_v place_n situate_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o tropic_n because_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o their_o vertex_fw-la before_o that_o he_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n 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viz._n the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n or_o from_o the_o access_n or_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o the_o man_n of_o europe_n which_o they_o form_n concern_v those_o season_n or_o in_o which_o they_o do_v conceive_v they_o comprehend_v both_o although_o they_o have_v more_o respect_n to_o heat_n than_o cold_a but_o astronomer_n be_v more_o attentive_a to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o moreover_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o those_o season_n answer_v not_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v try_v by_o a_o winter_n rage_v not_o with_o cold_a but_o with_o storm_n and_o rain_v when_o they_o shall_v have_v summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a 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notwithstanding_o those_o definition_n can_v be_v make_v accurate_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a therefore_o these_o term_n of_o the_o season_n must_v be_v distinguish_v as_o be_v homonymical_a so_o that_o we_o must_v make_v some_o season_n to_o be_v celestial_a and_o other_o terrestrial_a i_o confess_v these_o term_n to_o be_v less_o fit_a but_o the_o want_n of_o better_a do_v compel_v i_o to_o use_v they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v term_v the_o terrestrial_a summer_n of_o any_o place_n in_o which_o in_o that_o place_n a_o great_a heat_n be_v cause_v every_o year_n by_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n be_v term_v that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n wherein_o a_o great_a heat_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o that_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o be_v term_v the_o celestial_a winter_n of_o a_o place_n in_o which_o season_n cold_a shall_v be_v in_o that_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o season_n be_v term_v the_o terrestrial_a winter_n of_o any_o place_n in_o which_o there_o be_v very_o great_a cold_a in_o that_o place_n every_o year_n and_o although_o in_o many_o place_n the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a winter_n happen_v in_o one_o season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a summer_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o they_o observe_v divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a spring_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o autumn_n second_o see_v that_o there_o be_v few_o place_n where_o the_o terrestrial_a summer_n and_o winter_n differ_v from_o the_o celestial_a in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o in_o most_o place_n fall_v in_o with_o the_o same_o time_n of_o the_o year_n therefore_o the_o celestial_a summer_n may_v be_v absolute_o term_v the_o summer_n so_o also_o the_o winter_n the_o spring_n and_o the_o autumn_n but_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a we_o must_v add_v the_o word_n terrestrial_a but_o where_o we_o simple_o say_v the_o summer_n the_o winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n we_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o celestial_a season_n agree_v with_o the_o terrestrial_a but_o how_o shall_v we_o make_v distinct_a and_o accurate_a definition_n of_o the_o summer_n viz._n the_o celestial_a the_o winter_n the_o spring_n and_o the_o autumn_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v general_a for_o all_o place_n and_o also_o take_v place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n i_o know_v no_o other_o mode_n whereby_o such_o definition_n may_v be_v make_v but_o only_o this_o year_n the_o definition_n of_o the_o sous_fw-fr season_n of_o the_o year_n 1._o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o any_o place_n be_v that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n who_o beginning_n be_v that_o day_n in_o the_o meridies_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n and_o that_o in_o the_o first_o season_n if_o the_o sun_n become_v vertical_a to_o that_o place_n in_o two_o season_n the_o end_n that_o day_n in_o who_o meridies_n the_o sun_n receive_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o first_o vertex_fw-la of_o that_o place_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v lesser_a than_o that_o of_o all_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 2._o that_o be_v term_v the_o winter_n of_o any_o place_n the_o beginning_n of_o which_o be_v that_o day_n in_o who_o meridies_n the_o sun_n obtain_v the_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o that_o place_n and_o the_o end_n that_o day_n in_o who_o meridies_n the_o sun_n acquire_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o that_o place_n 3._o that_o season_n be_v term_v the_o spring_n of_o any_o place_n which_o fall_v between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o summer_n or_o who_o beginning_n be_v that_o day_n in_o the_o meridies_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n have_v acquire_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la when_o he_o have_v come_v from_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o the_o end_n be_v that_o day_n where_o in_o who_o meridies_n the_o sun_n have_v acquire_v a_o very_a small_a distance_n from_o the_o first_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 4._o the_o autumn_n of_o any_o place_n be_v term_v that_o season_n of_o the_o year_n fall_v between_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n or_o who_o beginning_n be_v that_o day_n in_o the_o meridies_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n receive_v a_o mean_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n come_v from_o a_o lesser_a and_o the_o end_n that_o day_n in_o the_o meridies_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n have_v obtain_v a_o very_a great_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n according_a to_o these_o
definition_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o any_o other_o mode_n of_o define_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v agree_v with_o all_o place_n now_o these_o definition_n be_v lay_v down_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n itself_o proposition_n iii_o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o that_o together_o at_o once_o in_o all_o those_o place_n so_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o those_o place_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n year_n further_o concern_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o antecedent_n definition_n and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o universal_a map_n for_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o vertex_n in_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n a_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o he_o ascend_v to_o a_o more_o great_a which_o be_v apparent_a both_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o place_n begin_z and_o end_v in_o those_o day_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o summer_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o those_o of_o the_o southern_a zone_n temperate_a and_o frigid_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o march._n the_o autumn_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n with_o this_o the_o winter_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v which_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n viz._n 21_o of_o september_n and_o with_o this_o their_o spring_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n where_o the_o summer_n begin_v again_o these_o be_v show_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o the_o definition_n deliver_v and_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n by_o which_o we_o show_v the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o those_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o descend_v to_o the_o less_o in_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n the_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n a_o moderate_a and_o ascend_v to_o a_o great_a but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n do_v not_o begin_v on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o on_o divers_a day_n in_o every_o place_n of_o diverse_a parallel_n or_o of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n of_o this_o zone_n now_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v threefold_a viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o southern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 1._o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o they_o enjoy_v two_o summer_n two_o winter_n two_o spring_n season_n and_o two_o autumn_n and_o that_o in_o every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o half_a a_o year_n they_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v those_o four_o season_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n and_o the_o celestial_a law_n they_o have_v again_o the_o same_o four_o season_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n september_n half_n a_o year_n be_v from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n viz._n one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o second_o of_o taurus_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n zodiac_n the_o motion_n of_o â—he_n sun_n in_o the_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o second_o of_o leo_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o other_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n the_o other_o autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o other_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n the_o other_o spring_n be_v whilst_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march._n all_o these_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n have_v the_o less_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o 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droughty_a earth_n therefore_o although_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n it_o may_v be_v distribute_v into_o four_o our_o common_a people_n also_o do_v usual_o divide_v the_o year_n into_o summer_n and_o winter_n because_o the_o spring_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o the_o winter_n these_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n in_o these_o place_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n to_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n the_o sun_n depart_v from_o those_o place_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n where_o he_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n he_o approach_v again_o to_o they_o so_o that_o on_o the_o 30_o of_o september_n he_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o and_o go_v to_o a_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o return_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n so_o that_o in_o march_n he_o again_o become_v vertical_a therefore_o in_o those_o month_n they_o have_v a_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o effect_n be_v not_o here_o hinder_v by_o a_o terestrial_a cause_n and_o then_o again_o in_o the_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o have_v winter_n because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remove_v from_o they_o but_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n autumn_n summer_n and_o winter_n which_o we_o have_v assign_v do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o here_o a_o more_o easy_a cause_n may_v be_v render_v why_o in_o those_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o quotidian_a rain_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o winter_n viz._n because_o the_o sun_n depart_v from_o their_o vertex_fw-la towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n but_o this_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a because_o it_o be_v not_o able_a of_o its_o self_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o another_o must_v be_v add_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o these_o maritime_a place_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v discern_v in_o those_o watery_a month_n to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n wind._n the_o wind_n be_v the_o northwest_n wind._n and_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fix_a wind_n which_o in_o these_o month_n there_o blow_v therefore_o the_o sun_n elevate_v the_o vapour_n very_o much_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o fix_a wind_n force_v they_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o turn_v to_o rain_v and_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n spring_v the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o other_o river_n of_o africa_n moreover_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o river_n of_o congo_n overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n which_o cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o they_o and_o also_o disgorge_v great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n 5._o in_o the_o maritime_a region_n lowango_n adjacent_a to_o congo_n there_o be_v also_o observe_v to_o be_v rainy_n month_n and_o other_o month_n of_o summer_n that_o be_v serene_a but_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o in_o which_o we_o say_v the_o rain_n do_v wax_n vigorous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n february_n march_n and_o april_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o a_o serene_a air_n in_o january_n and_o
february_n in_o congo_n here_o therefore_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o celestial_a because_o that_o in_o january_n and_o february_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o most_o remote_a from_o those_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v rain_n but_o rather_o siccity_n without_o doubt_v the_o cause_n be_v either_o from_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n another_o fix_a wind_n or_o the_o like_a 6._o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n thomas_n see_v the_o description_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o anobon_n be_v very_o abundant_a in_o sugar_n grain_n fruit_n and_o meat_n and_o great_a plenty_n of_o orange_n etc._n etc._n 7._o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o africa_n from_o lowango_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o one_o 8._o therefore_o that_o shore_n be_v leave_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a be_v sail_v about_o we_o return_v to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n where_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o the_o promontory_n or_o tongue_n of_o africa_n be_v discover_v in_o which_o lie_v zofala_n mozambique_n quiloa_n even_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o oriental_a sun_n in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n november_n december_n and_o january_n in_o the_o rest_n siccity_n and_o summer_n which_o time_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o in_o which_o in_o congo_n we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o have_v the_o rain_n in_o winter_n and_o yet_o these_o region_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o double_o divide_v this_o prominent_a tongue_n of_o africa_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a land_n questionless_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n be_v only_o of_o a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o many_o place_n sandy_a barren_a and_o scorch_v with_o the_o chalure_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o river_n the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o general_a eastern_o wind_n much_o allay_v the_o heat_n 9_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o hence_o to_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o say_a gulf_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n these_o region_n i_o say_v what_o season_v they_o have_v and_o in_o what_o time_n of_o the_o year_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v observe_v by_o any_o but_o that_o some_o write_v that_o this_o tract_n be_v barren_a sandy_a oppress_v with_o such_o a_o violent_a heat_n and_o destitute_a of_o river_n 10._o as_o to_o the_o season_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v the_o region_n of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o be_v cut_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o it_o have_v some_o province_n in_o the_o southern_a torrid_a zone_n and_o very_o many_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n 11._o now_o leave_v africa_n we_o enter_v the_o region_n of_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o first_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o region_n of_o arabia_n adjacent_a to_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o mecca_n to_o aden_n 12_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n which_o regard_n the_o west_n day_n the_o merchant_n at_o aden_n negoriate_v their_o affair_n in_o the_o night_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v the_o arabian_a mountain_n these_o region_n be_v exceed_o infest_a with_o heat_n in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a month_n whilst_o the_o sun_n approach_v to_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o chalure_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o the_o better_a sort_n cause_n water_n to_o be_v pour_v on_o their_o body_n all_o the_o day_n long_o or_o else_o lie_v in_o vessel_n of_o water_n to_o refresh_v they_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o watery_a vapour_n because_o on_o the_o oriental_a part_n the_o region_n be_v rocky_a and_o have_v but_o few_o river_n now_o the_o oriental_a wind_n which_o be_v general_a although_o it_o be_v not_o there_o perceive_v repell_v the_o vapour_n rise_v from_o the_o red_a sea_n likewise_o the_o abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v in_o the_o night_n and_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air._n therefore_o this_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n 12._o the_o same_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o arabia_n and_o its_o eastern_a coast_n 13._o in_o camboja_n in_o india_n lie_v under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n as_o also_o in_o the_o region_n of_o malabar_n or_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o regard_v the_o west_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n i_o say_v these_o region_n the_o winter_n or_o rainy_a season_n possess_v the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n but_o especial_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n neither_o in_o all_o these_o place_n do_v it_o rain_n in_o a_o equal_a time_n but_o more_o continual_o in_o the_o province_n of_o goana_n and_o cocina_n and_o less_o in_o camboja_n where_o it_o only_o rain_v three_o month_n in_o the_o other_o eight_o month_n it_o seldom_o rain_v in_o camboja_n but_o in_o goa_n in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o rain_v but_o less_o vehement_a and_o beginning_n with_o thunder_n and_o storm_n so_o that_o to_o autumn_n here_o may_v be_v ascribe_v half_o the_o month_n of_o march_n also_o april_n and_o may_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n then_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n to_o winter_n likewise_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n to_o december_n the_o spring_n the_o other_o month_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 15_o of_o march_n to_o summer_n fall_v the_o winter_n be_v not_o so_o call_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o with_o we_o but_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o then_o fall_v for_o in_o these_o month_n be_v great_a drought_n because_o that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o former_a rain_n be_v extract_v by_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o number_v four_o season_n but_o only_o two_o summer_n and_o winter_n or_o rather_o a_o dry_a and_o a_o rainy_a season_n beside_o these_o rain_n there_o be_v frequent_a storm_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o thunder_v in_o those_o rainy_a month_n so_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v then_o shut_v up_o and_o many_o river_n then_o overflow_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a again_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o then_o ship_n put_v forth_o to_o sea_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n into_o various_a part_n of_o the_o world_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o violent_a rain_n in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o field_n except_o some_o storm_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o cease_v for_o many_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n therefore_o it_o afford_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o time_n of_o plant_v and_o sow_v which_o they_o do_v in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o air_n also_o be_v of_o a_o moderate_a heat_n at_o that_o time_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v obstruct_v with_o cloud_n so_o that_o the_o remote_a inhabitant_n expatiate_v from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o hill_n and_o field_n for_o recreation_n where_o the_o inundation_n be_v not_o great_a and_o incredible_a fertility_n be_v acquire_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o rain_n but_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o on_o the_o year_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1630._o which_o seldom_o happen_v than_o all_o hope_n of_o sow_v and_o consequent_o harvest_n be_v take_v away_o thence_o come_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n a_o hot_a sultery_n air_n burn_v fever_n pestilence_n and_o death_n of_o thousand_o of_o people_n in_o the_o say_a year_n 1630_o 1630._o a_o great_a famine_n in_o camboja_n in_o 1630._o and_o the_o year_n follow_v man_n flesh_n be_v public_o sell_v in_o the_o shambles_n in_o camboja_n sometime_o the_o shore_n do_v so_o rage_v that_o the_o house_n which_o be_v but_o slight_o build_v fall_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o river_n they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o reap_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o guiny_n this_o summer_n and_o this_o winter_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o those_o place_n or_o very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o they_o must_v have_v heat_n and_o drought_n this_o be_v the_o great_a felicity_n of_o those_o place_n
for_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o and_o the_o cloud_n obscure_v not_o the_o sun_n that_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v render_v the_o ground_n sandy_n and_o sterile_a as_o lybia_n and_o arabia_n where_o these_o rain_n be_v not_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o the_o vertex_fw-la contrary_a wise_n in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n january_n and_o february_n they_o shall_v have_v winter_n or_o lesser_a heat_n because_o that_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o and_o then_o they_o have_v summer_n yet_o in_o the_o night_n the_o air_n be_v cold_a enough_o moreover_o a_o continual_a wind_n from_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v very_o acceptable_a 14._o in_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n which_o be_v call_v choromandel_n the_o season_n also_o differ_v from_o the_o heaven_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n the_o sun_n cause_v vehement_a heat_n and_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n now_o the_o people_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v saracen_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o the_o hot_a the_o wet_a and_o the_o cold_a season_n the_o hot_a or_o summer_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n but_o the_o intolerable_a heat_n be_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o north_n unto_o which_o if_o you_o turn_v your_o face_n you_o shall_v discover_v so_o great_a a_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n as_o if_o you_o draw_v nigh_o a_o oven_n for_o the_o sun_n then_o in_o that_o plaga_fw-la be_v in_o the_o meridies_n also_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n contract_v a_o great_a heat_n yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o well_n be_v so_o cold_a that_o many_o drink_n thereof_o for_o extreme_a heat_n die_v the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n be_v between_o nine_o in_o the_o forenoon_n and_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n in_o these_o intermedial_a hour_n they_o rest_v from_o travel_v the_o other_o hour_n before_o nine_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o air_n be_v at_o least_o tolerable_o temperate_a serene_a and_o acceptable_a the_o heaven_n delightful_a and_o travel_v pleasant_a the_o wet_n season_n take_v up_o four_o month_n july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n the_o cold_a season_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n in_o december_n and_o january_n the_o cold_a be_v sensible_a enough_o especial_o in_o the_o night_n here_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o enquiry_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n the_o sun_n come_v to_o those_o place_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o choromandel_n and_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o have_v great_a heat_n but_o why_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o heat_n in_o july_n and_o august_n see_v he_o be_v equal_o as_o near_o they_o in_o those_o month_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a heat_n it_o shall_v be_v more_o hot_a moreover_o why_o do_v the_o season_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o choromandel_n differ_v from_o the_o season_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n see_v that_o they_o both_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a on_o the_o same_o day_n and_o on_o the_o same_o remote_a and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o there_o intercee_v between_o these_o two_o region_n in_o some_o place_n 70_o in_o other_o only_a 20_o mile_n interval_n so_o that_o you_o may_v come_v into_o a_o place_n of_o a_o serene_a and_o servid_v air_n where_o the_o winter_n predominate_v and_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o day_n masseus_n thus_o speak_v of_o these_o place_n in_o these_o region_n say_v he_o among_o other_o admirable_a thing_n that_o above_o other_o exceed_v the_o reach_n of_o all_o philosopher_n that_o in_o the_o same_o plaga_fw-la of_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o equal_a access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o month_n of_o the_o year_n from_o the_o sun_n rise_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n of_o gatis_n which_o by_o a_o direct_a excursion_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o cori_n intersect_v the_o whole_a region_n of_o malabar_n there_o be_v summer_n and_o drought_n and_o from_o the_o west_n on_o this_o side_n gatis_n there_o be_v rains_n and_o winter_n that_o in_o so_o near_o a_o propinquity_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o season_n the_o same_o people_n almost_o seem_v antipode_n one_o to_o another_o but_o not_o only_o in_o these_o but_o also_o in_o other_o we_o have_v show_v this_o diversity_n to_o be_v find_v and_o shall_v show_v more_o anon_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o determinate_a the_o land_n of_o choromandel_n from_o malabar_n proceed_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o this_o must_v be_v add_v divers_a wind_n for_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromandel_n a_o general_a eastern_a wind_n be_v more_o discover_v except_o in_o the_o summer_n month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n which_o drive_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n whence_o it_o rain_v in_o the_o land_n of_o malabar_n these_o mountain_n top_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o cloud_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n also_o more_o vehement_a shower_n in_o those_o where_o the_o rain_n be_v in_o malabar_n but_o when_o it_o rain_v in_o the_o region_n of_o choromandel_n then_o be_v there_o a_o serenity_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o in_o the_o land_n of_o malabar_n except_o the_o month_n july_n and_o august_n for_o in_o these_o it_o rain_v in_o both_o land_n 15._o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o gangick_a sea_n opposite_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o chroromandel_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n as_o sian_n peru_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n the_o pluvial_a month_n in_o which_o the_o river_n overslow_v be_v september_n october_n and_o november_n but_o in_o the_o land_n of_o malacca_n it_o rain_v every_o week_n of_o the_o year_n twice_o or_o thrice_o except_o the_o month_n of_o january_n february_n and_o march_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a drought_n all_o these_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n and_o their_o cause_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o mountain_n wind_n the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a but_o because_o as_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v these_o region_n we_o will_v not_o search_v they_o here_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o overflow_a of_o the_o river_n the_o vapour_n of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o river_n and_o the_o wind_n do_v much_o allay_v the_o heat_n whence_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v great_a plenty_n of_o fruit_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o patana_n and_o those_o border_n on_o it_o the_o summer_n begin_v in_o february_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o end_n of_o october_n in_o which_o time_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a heat_n which_o be_v allay_v with_o a_o continual_a oriental_a wind_n the_o air_n wholesome_a in_o november_n december_n and_o january_n there_o be_v continual_a rains_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o hinder_v a_o new_a increase_n every_o month_n at_o the_o least_o the_o same_o must_v be_v understoood_a of_o camboja_n and_o this_o winter_n agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n 16._o leave_v asia_n the_o pacifick_n sea_n be_v sail_v over_o we_o enter_v that_o part_n of_o america_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v twofold_a south_n and_o north_n the_o south_n again_o be_v twofold_a peru_n and_o brazilia_n although_o the_o part_n of_o peru_n be_v vicine_fw-la yet_o they_o have_v contrary_a season_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o shoar_n or_o maritime_a part_n the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a part_n which_o he_o in_o the_o same_o climate_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n they_o have_v a_o plavial_a winter_n from_o the_o month_n of_o october_n to_o the_o end_n of_o march_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v summer_n by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o have_v summer_n from_o the_o entrance_n of_o april_n to_o october_n in_o which_o month_n not_o rains_n do_v fall_v but_o in_o the_o winter_n month_n there_o be_v continual_a ra_n therefore_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n differ_v here_o from_o the_o celestial_a in_o maritime_a peru_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o winter_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n but_o they_o account_v their_o winter_n from_o the_o month_n of_o april_n to_o october_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a cause_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o remove_v from_o they_o to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o thence_o return_v by_o reason_n
that_o in_o those_o month_n it_o rain_v not_o but_o almost_o every_o day_n the_o cloud_n appear_v so_o thick_a as_o if_o it_o will_v immediate_o rain_v but_o there_o fall_v only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o dew_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n yet_o this_o mist_n be_v not_o unwholesome_a but_o be_v condenfed_a into_o dew_n and_o fall_v it_o irrigate_v the_o valley_n it_o do_v not_o rain_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n but_o be_v a_o serene_a season_n this_o maritime_a peru_n be_v distinguish_v into_o valley_n and_o sandy_a place_n the_o valley_n be_v abundant_o fertile_a the_o sandy_a place_n which_o be_v between_o every_o valley_n be_v sterile_a also_o in_o the_o adjacent_a island_n it_o never_o rain_v but_o a_o dew_n only_o fall_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o gorgon_n which_o be_v remove_v three_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o rain_v for_o eight_o month_n almost_o continual_o with_o so_o great_a thunder_n and_o storm_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o cold_a for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pastoa_n in_o the_o valley_n airssina_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o season_n be_v very_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o fruit_n increase_v not_o in_o the_o region_n of_o cusco_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la hard_a frost_n and_o snow_n be_v also_o find_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o peru_n be_v parch_v with_o no_o violent_a heat_n but_o rather_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n except_v its_o sandy_a place_n and_o hill_n but_o the_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a abound_v with_o tree_n and_o fruit_n their_o water_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o dew_n which_o i_o have_v say_v fall_v every_o day_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o flood_n which_o descend_v and_o rush_v from_o the_o mountain_n because_o in_o the_o mountainous_a region_n it_o be_v then_o winter_n and_o rain_v and_o from_o these_o torrent_n the_o inhabitant_n conduct_v the_o water_n by_o certain_a convoyance_n into_o the_o valley_n yet_o some_o valley_n be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o dew_n and_o yet_o produce_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n between_o the_o season_n of_o the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a peru_n and_o why_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o the_o level_a peru_n be_v difficult_a to_o declare_v for_o these_o mountainous_a part_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o level_n maritime_a peru_n that_o any_o one_o in_o the_o morning_n descend_v from_o these_o pluvial_a and_o rage_a shower_n in_o the_o evening_n may_v arrive_v at_o the_o level_a peruvia_n where_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n but_o a_o serene_a air._n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v twofold_a first_o those_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o second_o a_o south-west_n wind_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o peru._n therefore_o this_o wind_n force_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v conderise_v so_o that_o the_o cloud_n may_v not_o destil_n their_o drop_n in_o the_o level_a peru_n but_o in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n they_o be_v attract_v after_o the_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v concern_v mountain_n therefore_o peru_n have_v this_o in_o common_a with_o egypt_n and_o some_o other_o place_n that_o the_o south_n wind_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o rain_n and_o warmth_n but_o rather_o a_o clear_n the_o air_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v place_n in_o all_o the_o place_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 17._o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n viz._n brazilia_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o excel_v with_o a_o wholesome_a disposition_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o give_v place_n unto_o no_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v its_o season_n the_o inhabit_a front_n of_o it_o receive_v the_o subsolan_n wind_n which_o refresh_v man_n and_o beast_n and_o free_v they_o from_o the_o intolerable_a heat_n of_o the_o vertical_a sun_n which_o if_o it_o approach_v the_o sea_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o morning_n if_o it_o depat_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v discern_v more_o after_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o morning_n season_n see_v piso_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr medicina_fw-la braziliensi_fw-la concern_v the_o season_n neither_o do_v it_o languish_v about_o the_o evening_n it_o be_v wont_v do_v do_v so_o in_o many_o part_n of_o india_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intense_a by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o it_o be_v vigorous_a beyond_o midnight_n and_o the_o nocturnal_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n can_v easy_o dull_v or_o overcome_v that_o dilation_n and_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o air._n but_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o peru_n by_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o vast_a space_n although_o it_o be_v infest_a with_o a_o unwholesome_a west_n wind_n and_o a_o mediterranean_a gale_n at_o midnight_n yet_o it_o be_v every_o where_o encompass_v with_o mountain_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o drive_v from_o the_o matutine_v gale_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o penetrate_v to_o the_o sh_n as_o in_o these_o most_o delectable_a and_o constant_a season_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a mutation_n so_o they_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n season_v more_o evident_o because_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v not_o more_o equal_a in_o space_n than_o different_a in_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o sun_n ascend_v high_a after_o it_o have_v open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o man_n it_o hide_v itself_o more_o profound_o and_o that_o by_o a_o equal_a interval_n whence_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n effect_n the_o more_o extreme_a rorifluous_a part_n of_o the_o night_n hence_o a_o penetrate_a cold_a from_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n even_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v the_o body_n so_o that_o that_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o those_o that_o be_v new_a comer_n into_o the_o land_n which_o he_o that_o shun_v not_o will_v hardly_o lead_v a_o good_a life_n in_o these_o or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o brazilian_o therefore_o very_o cautious_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n in_o their_o habitation_n and_o near_o their_o rest_a place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v cold_a and_o drive_v away_o venomous_a infect_v moreover_o the_o direct_a ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_v the_o short_a crepusculas_fw-la and_o make_v the_o night_n so_o even_o to_o the_o day_n that_o a_o hour_n difference_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v the_o cold_a be_v more_o in_o the_o summer_n night_n than_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o and_o it_o be_v more_o mild_o discover_v in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o air_n be_v tranquillous_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wet_a season_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n or_o april_n and_o be_v finish_v in_o august_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o cancer_n in_o part_n dissolve_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n into_o wind_n whence_o immediate_o proceed_v storm_n and_o tempest_n which_o by_o and_o by_o the_o spring_n season_n calm_o compose_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o tropic_n know_v no_o mutation_n about_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n twice_o come_v towards_o and_o depart_v back_o as_o many_o suppose_a but_o only_o go_v away_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n there_o be_v only_o two_o time_n of_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a call_v summer_n the_o other_o hot_a and_o moist_a like_a to_o summer_n with_o we_o in_o europe_n which_o suppli_v the_o place_n of_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v find_v most_o true_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n between_o both_o tropic_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a incidence_n of_o the_o place_n and_o also_o for_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a vicinity_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o year_n be_v accomplish_v in_o about_o six_o month_n incline_v to_o humidity_n and_o six_o to_o siccity_n and_o on_o that_o account_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o many_o city_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o we_o there_o be_v thence_o a_o great_a remission_n of_o the_o heat_n our_o here_o be_v little_o perceive_v although_o the_o sun_n pass_v the_o zenith_n of_o
the_o brazilian_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n and_o february_n and_o strike_v the_o earth_n with_o reflex_n ray_n at_o most_o acute_a angle_n which_o diversity_n of_o these_o region_n promise_v the_o inhabitant_n perpetual_a health_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o calm_v and_o the_o air_n quell_v all_o noxious_a heat_n hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o dollect_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o so_o much_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o motion_n as_o on_o the_o species_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n the_o quality_n and_o peculiar_a situation_n of_o the_o region_n moreover_o in_o these_o mediterranean_a region_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o night_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o in_o the_o maritime_a so_o much_o some_o time_n that_o the_o frost_n seize_v on_o the_o very_a hair_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o month_n from_o the_o east_n about_o the_o ocean_n be_v summer_n and_o siccity_n brazilia_n no_o island_n be_v opposite_a to_o brazilia_n from_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o marsh_n of_o brazilia_n be_v the_o winter_n fog_n and_o rain_n oftentimes_o the_o heaven_n may_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o vast_a cloud_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n but_o those_o again_o very_o thin_a except_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o rain_n the_o sun_n both_o rise_n and_o set_v may_v be_v behold_v with_o fix_a eye_n for_o there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a serenity_n on_o every_o side_n especial_o towards_o the_o evening_n which_o never_o aford_v any_o vapour_n or_o cloud_n to_o the_o succeed_a moon_n but_o render_v the_o night_n so_o clear_a that_o the_o old_a and_o new_a moon_n may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n and_o letter_n may_v be_v well_o read_v it_o the_o quarter_n moon_n the_o aether_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o planet_n other_o inseriour_a cause_n accede_v receive_v its_o distemperature_n for_o the_o heaven_n about_o evening_n be_v bright_a with_o lightning_n without_o thunder_n in_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o serene_a season_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v very_o great_a and_o fall_v with_o great_a violence_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v precede_v by_o a_o suffocative_a warmness_n the_o dew_n here_o be_v more_o fruitful_a than_o that_o of_o europe_n be_v impregnate_v with_o much_o winter_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o penetrate_a and_o thin_a especial_o in_o summer_n which_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o metal_n and_o in_o iron_n especial_o which_o it_o easy_o eat_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o cloud_n the_o meadow_n and_o open_a field_n do_v less_o wax_v green_a in_o the_o summer_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n although_o the_o earth_n then_o seem_v somewhat_o more_o sad_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o place_n unfit_a for_o tillage_n afford_v pasture_n piso_n see_v piso_n all_o the_o land_n of_o brazilia_n arise_v into_o moderate_a and_o pleasant_a hill_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n of_o any_o great_a height_n in_o the_o coast_n but_o yet_o some_o be_v discover_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o solitude_n among_o the_o barren_a hill_n yet_o not_o every_o where_n but_o with_o some_o interval_n of_o miles_n the_o valley_n be_v interpose_v every_o one_o irrigate_v with_o some_o small_a river_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o fertile_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n but_o also_o in_o those_o of_o the_o summer_n the_o hill_n in_o the_o summer_n month_n be_v sterile_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o they_o wither_v and_o grass_n do_v not_o only_o die_v on_o they_o but_o sometime_o the_o tree_n also_o it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v throughout_o the_o whole_a day_n and_o night_n and_o for_o some_o continual_a day_n very_o seldom_o without_o intermission_n the_o pluvial_a month_n do_v a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o year_n 1640._o as_o mariner_n have_v observe_v there_o be_v 7_o pluvial_a month_n 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the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n in_o divers_a time_n although_o they_o be_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o 7._o that_o those_o place_n which_o have_v siccity_n and_o humidity_n contrary_a to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o that_o they_o regard_v the_o west_n peru_n except_v 8._o that_o the_o season_n observe_v no_o certain_a rule_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 9_o that_o although_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o two_o season_n which_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o wit_n a_o pluvial_a and_o dry_a season_n yet_o it_o may_v apt_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o have_v a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n but_o also_o a_o spring_n and_o a_o autumn_n for_o as_o in_o our_o part_n the_o spring_n approach_v near_o the_o nature_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n of_o winter_n so_o also_o the_o dry_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n may_v be_v divide_v 10._o and_o last_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a harvest_n in_o some_o only_o in_o two_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o other_o only_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o year_n proposition_n xii_o to_o show_v how_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n 1._o in_o these_o place_n that_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v place_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v so_o potent_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n that_o that_o
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la_fw-fr valla_n imperial_a in_o the_o province_n of_o potosi_n they_o find_v so_o great_a a_o cold_a that_o for_o four_o mile_n circumference_n there_o grow_v nothing_o chili_n the_o season_n of_o chili_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chili_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o 30_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n to_o 50_o degree_n the_o spring_n begin_v in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n soon_o than_o the_o celestial_a account_n admit_v and_o end_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n and_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n summer_n begin_v even_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o february_n from_o whence_o autumn_n lead_v on_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n which_o the_o winter_n succede_v which_o be_v very_o violent_a and_o dispoil_v the_o tree_n of_o their_o blossom_n and_o scatter_v a_o deep_a snow_n with_o a_o vehement_a frost_n which_o yet_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o sun_n except_o which_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o the_o sun_n appear_v not_o but_o the_o snow_n rare_o fall_v in_o the_o valley_n for_o although_o it_o fall_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v heap_v up_o so_o high_a that_o it_o ascend_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n and_o be_v heap_v together_o in_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o in_o so_o many_o well_n and_o endure_v almost_o the_o whole_a year_n yet_o be_v there_o dissolve_v they_o flow_v into_o the_o river_n and_o torrent_n which_o run_v through_o the_o valley_n with_o a_o great_a force_n even_o to_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o great_a enrichment_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o although_o here_o it_o snow_n not_o except_o rare_o in_o the_o plain_n yet_o it_o make_v so_o excessive_a a_o frost_n that_o the_o like_a be_v scarce_o feel_v in_o many_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o happen_v partly_o from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n partly_o from_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o descend_v so_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a wind_n that_o sometime_o they_o be_v unsufferable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o maritime_a part_n be_v more_o temperate_a he_o that_o be_v studious_a may_v collect_v other_o difference_n of_o region_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n or_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la climate_n from_o writer_n for_o example_n that_o in_o england_n the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o holland_n so_o that_o they_o pen_v not_o up_o their_o herd_n in_o the_o winter_n between_o siberia_n and_o tartary_n in_o a_o place_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o temperate_a be_v say_v to_o be_v pleasant_a field_n and_o rich_a pasture_n almost_o no_o cold_a see_v that_o they_o scarce_o feel_v winter_n where_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovia_n the_o city_n tooru_n be_v build_v which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o much_o increase_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o tartar_n japan_n the_o island_n of_o japan_n in_o japan_n the_o winter_n be_v cold_a snowy_a ruiny_n when_o yet_o other_o region_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v far_o lesser_a winter_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o japan_n consist_v of_o many_o island_n disjoin_v by_o a_o small_a euripus_n and_o that_o it_o also_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n summer_n america_n very_o hot_a in_o the_o summer_n in_o armenia_n and_o the_o adjoin_a place_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n in_o summer_n because_o it_o lie_v among_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o mix_v with_o field_n hence_o the_o more_o rich_a in_o some_o place_n in_o summer_n remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o remain_v there_o for_o some_o month_n but_o the_o mean_a sort_n in_o the_o day_n time_n defend_v themselves_o in_o the_o mountain_n from_o the_o near_a and_o about_o eventide_n do_v descend_v to_o the_o low_a ground_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o declare_v how_o in_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v themselves_o with_o the_o light_n zone_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o cause_n of_o those_o season_n with_o the_o light_n propose_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o chapter_n thus_o stand_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 1._o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o some_o day_n or_o month_n as_o the_o place_n be_v either_o near_o or_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o arise_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o for_o so_o many_o day_n set_v not_o 2._o in_o those_o day_n when_o he_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n he_o only_o illustrate_v those_o place_n with_o his_o oblique_a ray_n because_o he_o be_v not_o much_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o move_v round_o it_o because_o those_o place_n be_v over_o much_o remove_v from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o deep_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n yea_o in_o place_n near_o the_o polary_a circle_n or_o arctic_a pole_n although_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o arise_v yet_o part_n of_o his_o skirt_n arise_v and_o be_v behold_v for_o some_o day_n above_o the_o horizon_n before_o the_o centre_n itself_o arise_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o half_a sun_n possess_v 15_o minute_n in_o the_o heaven_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v those_o place_n who_o distance_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 67_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o this_o latitude_n and_o in_o the_o meridian_n crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o 19_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la to_o the_o 11_o of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o arch_n do_v not_o arise_v for_o 24_o day_n viz._n from_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n to_o the_o four_o of_o january_n and_o yet_o part_v of_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o whole_a time_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o limbus_n glitter_v the_o horizon_n but_o on_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n as_o also_o on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n half_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o half_o beneath_o because_o the_o centre_n be_v then_o in_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o whole_a sun_n shall_v be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v hold_v the_o 14_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v about_o the_o 4_o day_n of_o january_n also_o the_o whole_a shall_v afterward_o appear_v when_o his_o centre_n shall_v possess_v the_o 16_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la that_o be_v about_o the_o 7_o of_o december_n but_o in_o place_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 70_o or_o 75_o degree_n there_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o oriental_a limbus_n and_o the_o oriental_a centre_n be_v very_o little_a so_o that_o the_o limbus_n or_o skirt_n scarce_o anticipate_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n one_o day_n or_o half_o a_o day_n from_o this_o small_a of_o depression_n it_o follow_v also_o that_o they_o enjoy_v the_o light_n of_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la many_o hour_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o although_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o yet_o in_o all_o or_o many_o of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n they_o have_v light_n in_o the_o air._n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n 19_o see_v chap._n 19_o which_o make_v the_o sun_n first_o to_o be_v see_v before_o that_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o only_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v before_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o before_o the_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v from_o he_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n soon_o illustrate_v
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n and_o let_v the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n will_v show_v how_o many_o hour_n before_o and_o how_o many_o hour_n after_o noon_n the_o regress_n begin_v proposition_n xv._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n decrease_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n increase_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n decrease_v the_o shadow_n increase_v increase_v they_o decrease_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o meridies_n and_o from_o the_o meridies_n to_o the_o set_n the_o shadow_n again_o increase_v for_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o style_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n become_v also_o more_o nigh_o the_o style_n and_o on_o that_o account_n the_o shadow_n become_v lesser_a moreover_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o great_a altitude_n in_o the_o meridies_n therefore_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n than_o shall_v be_v lesser_a but_o in_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n there_o be_v no_o altitude_n therefore_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n shall_v be_v infinite_a proposition_n xvi_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n and_o the_o shadow_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o thence_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n if_o that_o moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v know_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n the_o shadow_n and_o the_o ray_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n make_v a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n therefore_o let_v the_o proportion_n be_v institute_v according_a to_o the_o 15_o proposition_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v to_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o style_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n which_o show_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o this_o altitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n 29._o see_v proposit_n 3._o chap._n 29._o and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n shall_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n be_v find_v out_o proposition_n xvii_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o whole_a earth_n cast_v towards_o heaven_n shadow_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v conical_a as_o the_o optic_n demonstrate_v and_o be_v easy_o show_v by_o a_o diagram_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o this_o cone_n which_o cause_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v seek_v that_o be_v find_v by_o this_o proposition_n for_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n give_v so_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o shady_a cone_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o find_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v opscure_v how_o great_a the_o eclipse_n will_v be_v if_o that_o the_o moon_n remain_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a moon_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n let_v the_o rule_n of_o three_o be_v institute_v according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v to_o the_o excess_n of_o this_o longitude_n above_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o that_o shady_a cone_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o moon_n enter_v it_o furthermore_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v to_o the_o find_v out_o semidianeter_n of_o the_o shadow_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sign_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o sight_n which_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o shadow_n subtend_v to_o our_o eye_n which_o if_o it_o be_v double_v the_o angle_n of_o sight_n be_v account_v for_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n with_o this_o angle_n let_v the_o angle_n of_o sight_n or_o the_o apparent_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v in_o opposition_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o in_o time_n of_o eclipse_n be_v compare_v from_o this_o comparation_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o obcsurity_n will_v be_v make_v manifest_a which_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o have_v in_o digit_n institute_v a_o rule_n of_o proportion_n after_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v to_o twelve_o digit_n so_o be_v the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n or_o angle_n of_o sight_n to_o the_o ecliptic_a digit_n proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n every_o day_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o from_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o both_o the_o meridian_n shadow_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v long_o for_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n therefore_o also_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n terminate_a the_o shadow_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o style_n and_o therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v so_o much_o the_o long_o extend_v proposition_n xx._n if_o that_o the_o style_n be_v place_v in_o any_o plain_a after_o such_o a_o mode_n that_o it_o become_v part_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o that_o axis_n the_o shadow_n of_o that_o style_n shall_v fall_v on_o a_o certain_a hour_n on_o the_o very_a line_n of_o that_o plain_a in_o which_o this_o line_n be_v cut_v by_o the_o great_a horary_a circle_n whether_o of_o declination_n or_o from_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o that_o hour_n hour_n a_o moment_n or_o small_a space_n of_o a_o hour_n for_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o style_n so_o place_v fall_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horary_a or_o meridian_n circle_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n for_o neither_o can_v it_o fall_v beyond_o the_o plain_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n the_o opac_a body_n and_o the_o shadow_n be_v in_o one_o plain_n upon_o which_o the_o style_n be_v place_v wherefore_o see_v this_o style_n be_v upon_o this_o plain_a as_o also_o on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n which_o the_o sun_n keep_v for_o a_o moment_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o shadow_n may_v fall_v on_o the_o common_a section_n of_o this_o plain_a or_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o the_o horary_a circle_n for_o if_o any_o line_n be_v in_o two_o or_o more_o plain_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o common_a section_n of_o those_o plain_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o describe_v the_o aequinoctial_a night-dial_n night-dial_n aequinoctial_a night-dial_n a_o plain_a of_o wood_n paper_n brass_n or_o other_o metal_n must_v be_v erect_v above_o the_o horizon_n so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n or_o so_o many_o degree_n as_o be_v in_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n before_o it_o be_v erect_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o the_o scioterick_n therefore_o let_v what_o point_n you_o please_v be_v take_v in_o that_o plain_a and_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v from_o it_o as_o from_o a_o centre_n let_v a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n be_v draw_v through_o that_o centre_n or_o let_v the_o line_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o horizon_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n let_v a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o twelve_o hour_n then_o let_v both_o the_o quadrant_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o those_o three_o into_o two_o so_o that_o the_o six_o arch_n may_v be_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o whereof_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v of_o fifteen_o degree_n and_o let_v they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o term_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o right_a line_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n for_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o remain_a hour_n which_o fall_v between_o twelve_o and_o six_o who_o number_n and_o order_n must_v be_v set_v down_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v the_o same_o
arch_n of_o fifteen_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizontal_n line_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o describe_v periphery_n for_o the_o hour_n before_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n must_v be_v draw_v the_o perpendicular_a style_n must_v also_o be_v erect_v from_o the_o centre_n furthermore_o in_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a if_o that_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o scioterick_n be_v not_o yet_o erect_v the_o meridian_n line_n must_v be_v find_v and_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a rise_n and_o set_v and_o so_o it_o must_v be_v place_v on_o or_o above_o this_o plain_a of_o the_o scioterick_n that_o the_o horizontal_n line_n of_o the_o scioterick_n may_v be_v parallel_n to_o this_o line_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v so_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n shall_v show_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o hour_n at_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o because_o the_o sun_n only_o illustrate_v this_o one_o superficies_n of_o this_o plain_a half_a a_o year_n and_o the_o other_o another_o half_a year_n therefore_o in_o both_o the_o superficies_n a_o scioterick_n must_v be_v make_v after_o the_o appoint_a mode_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o summer_n and_o spring_n in_o the_o other_o in_o the_o time_n of_o autumn_n the_o hour_n may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o line_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o show_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o which_o do_v represent_v the_o parallel_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v in_o the_o heaven_n by_o his_o circumvolution_n may_v easy_o be_v draw_v on_o this_o aequinoctial_a scioterick_n for_o let_v a_o certain_a magnitude_n of_o the_o style_n be_v take_v and_o let_v it_o be_v accurate_o divide_v into_o ten_o part_n and_o one_o of_o thsee_v ten_o into_o ten_o other_o part_n that_o the_o whole_a line_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v cut_v into_o a_o hundred_o particle_n then_o from_o a_o table_n of_o declination_n let_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v except_v the_o five_o the_o ten_o the_o fifteen_o the_o twenty_o the_o twenty_o five_o the_o thirty_o degree_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o first_o the_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o taurus_n the_o first_o the_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o taurus_n the_o first_o the_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o gemini_fw-la the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o let_v the_o tangent_n be_v take_v from_o the_o mathematical_a canon_n moreover_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horologe_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o compliment_n of_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o aries_n let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v this_o will_v note_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o virgo_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o day_n viz._n when_o the_o diurnal_a extremity_n of_o the_o shadow_n by_o its_o circumvolution_n shall_v fall_v on_o this_o describe_v periphery_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o virgo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o mode_n let_v the_o periphery_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o ten_o and_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o aries_n the_o first_o and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o taurus_n the_o first_o and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o gemini_fw-la and_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n those_o will_v show_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o those_o point_n and_o also_o in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o 20_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la the_o 10_o and_o the_o first_o of_o virgo_fw-la the_o 15_o of_o leo_n and_o the_o first_o of_o leo_n and_o the_o 15_o degree_n of_o cancer_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o scioterick_n let_v the_o periphery_n be_v describe_v for_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n and_o the_o 25_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 10_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o 20_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 15_o of_o libra_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o first_o of_o scorpio_n and_o the_o first_o of_o pisces_fw-la in_o the_o 15_o of_o scorpio_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o aquarius_n and_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la and_o the_o first_o of_o aquarius_n unto_o every_o one_o of_o these_o periphery_n the_o character_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n must_v be_v ascribe_v proposition_n xxii_o to_o describe_v a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n or_o a_o horizontal_n plain_n describe_v a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n or_o horizontal_n plain_a describe_v by_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o pole_n and_o meridian_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n which_o meridian_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o line_n in_o the_o superficies_n both_o for_o colour_n and_o magnitude_n let_v it_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o hour_n of_o twelve_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n one_o or_o eleven_o or_o until_o 15_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v pass_v the_o brazen_a meridian_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v number_v on_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n and_o let_v this_o hour_n be_v note_v for_o the_o hour_n of_o one_o after_o noon_n and_o eleven_o before_o noon_n then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n 11_o or_o 10_o and_o let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o meridian_n the_o brazen_a one_o and_o that_o assume_v be_v note_v for_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o hour_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n let_v it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o hour_n 9_o and_o 3_o for_o 8_o and_o 4_o for_o 7_o and_o 5_o for_o 6_o and_o 6_o but_o we_o shall_v not_o want_v this_o hour_n for_o 5_o and_o 7_o for_o 4_o and_o 8_o for_o 3_o and_o 9_o these_o degree_n be_v thus_o note_v for_o every_o ascribe_v hour_n let_v the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v on_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a and_o for_o any_o point_n of_o this_o line_n let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v as_o from_o a_o centre_n and_o let_v it_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o same_o on_o either_o side_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n at_o the_o hour_n 6_o before_o noon_n and_o 6_o after_o noon_n the_o meridian_n line_n be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n 12._o in_o the_o describe_v periphery_a let_v the_o arch_n before_o note_a be_v cut_v of_o begin_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n towards_o the_o line_n of_o the_o hour_n 6_o before_z and_z after_o noon_n first_o the_o arch_n note_v for_o 11_o and_o 1_o then_o for_o the_o hour_n 10_o and_o 2_o for_o 9_o and_o 3_o for_o 8_o and_o 4_o etc._n etc._n the_o arch_n thus_o cut_v off_o let_v the_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o those_o bound_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o other_o hour_n but_o the_o style_n must_v be_v so_o elevate_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horologe_n above_o the_o meridian_n line_n that_o the_o angle_n which_o it_o make_v with_o it_o may_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a to_o make_v some_o triangle_n who_o angle_n at_o the_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o the_o declination_n be_v make_v on_o paper_n let_v the_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n which_o from_o the_o periphery_n may_v take_v a_o arch_n equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n the_o numeration_n be_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o let_v the_o triangle_n be_v cut_v out_o to_o be_v place_v above_o the_o meridian_n line_n so_o the_o shadow_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n the_o make_n of_o this_o scioterick_n be_v easy_a without_o a_o globe_n proposition_n xxiii_o to_o describe_v a_o scioterick_n on_o a_o vertical_a plain_n which_o may_v direct_o regard_v the_o east_n and_o west_n aequinoctial_a what_o a_o scioterick_n what_o the_o make_n of_o this_o be_v perfect_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n which_o we_o use_v in_o the_o horizontal_n if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v according_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o according_a to_o the_o compliment_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o style_n also_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o meridian_n
according_a to_o this_o compliment_n but_o this_o be_v better_a learn_v by_o instruction_n than_o long_a precept_n proposition_n xxiv_o to_o make_v a_o scioterick_n in_o our_o horizontal_n or_o other_o plain_n which_o shall_v show_v the_o hour_n of_o other_o place_n although_o remote_a from_o we_o this_o may_v be_v do_v on_o our_o scioterick_n which_o be_v make_v to_o show_v the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n first_o consider_v whether_o the_o place_n give_v lie_v east_n or_o west_n from_o we_o if_o eastward_n the_o 12_o hour_n must_v be_v reckon_v there_o before_o in_o our_o place_n if_o westward_n mare_n late_a then_o let_v our_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o hour_n 12_o and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o other_o place_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n will_v show_v what_o hour_n be_v in_o this_o place_n when_o it_o be_v 12_o in_o we_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v the_o hour_n of_o that_o place_n which_o may_v agree_v with_o the_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o also_o 11_o 10_o 9_o 8_o etc._n etc._n of_o we_o which_o then_o must_v be_v ascribe_v to_o they_o but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v more_o elegant_o without_o the_o globe_n according_a to_o the_o mode_n that_o the_o horizontal_n be_v compose_v proposition_n xxv_o to_o elevate_v a_o plain_a above_o the_o horizon_n of_o our_o place_n and_o in_o that_o plain_a to_o make_v a_o scioterick_n in_o which_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n may_v seem_v to_o go_v backward_o as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n because_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o plain_n be_v leave_v to_o our_o choice_n therefore_o we_o shall_v choose_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v commodious_a to_o our_o purpose_n for_o example_n we_o shall_v so_o place_v the_o plain_a above_o our_o horizon_n or_o above_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n east_n and_o west_n that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o pole_n may_v be_v elevate_v ten_o degree_n above_o it_o so_o the_o shadow_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v retrograde_a the_o sun_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o 26_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o it_o shall_v so_o do_v until_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la therefore_o let_v the_o plain_n be_v so_o constitute_v and_o the_o horologue_n so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o 52_o the_o plain_n shall_v be_v elevate_v 42_o degree_n so_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v above_o that_o 10_o degree_n 22._o see_v proposit_n 22._o in_o this_o plain_a a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 10_o degree_n where_o when_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horologue_n and_o extend_v far_o enough_o let_v their_o part_n about_o the_o centre_n be_v blot_v out_o and_o the_o centre_n also_o and_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a style_n be_v erect_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o meridian_n line_n such_o as_o shall_v exhibit_v a_o gnomonical_a triangle_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o this_o style_n by_o its_o shadow_n fall_v on_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n shall_v show_v the_o hour_n and_o also_o the_o shadow_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v retrograde_a on_o those_o day_n also_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n meridional_a polary_a and_o incline_v sciotericks_n of_o all_o sort_n may_v be_v describe_v but_o because_o this_o matter_n appertain_v to_o another_o discipline_n viz._n to_o dial_v therefore_o i_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o treat_v of_o all_o these_o here_o chap_n xxviii_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o agreement_n and_o difference_n of_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o some_o have_v mistake_v for_o the_o division_n by_o which_o some_o be_v say_v to_o be_v antoeci_n other_o perioeci_n and_o other_o antipode_n earth_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v antoeci_n or_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o from_o a_o divers_a quarter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o wit_n one_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o another_o towards_o the_o south_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la perioeci_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o in_o divers_a semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n sometime_o the_o word_n be_v take_v for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o climate_n but_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o shall_v abstain_v from_o that_o use_n of_o it_o antipode_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o diametrical_o be_v oppose_v one_o to_o the_o other_o note_v that_o these_o three_o word_n be_v so_o take_v for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o they_o denote_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o place_n which_o be_v compare_v as_o we_o define_v they_o but_o yet_o sometime_o when_o any_o certain_a place_n be_v adjoin_v to_o they_o they_o only_o denote_v the_o other_o place_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o perioeci_n or_o antipode_n of_o this_o or_o that_o place_n proposition_n i._o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n they_o have_v also_o the_o same_o meridies_n or_o 12_o hour_n and_o also_o reckon_v together_o all_o the_o other_o hour_n for_o the_o meridies_n be_v define_v by_o the_o existency_n or_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o meridian_n because_o therefore_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o inhabit_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v also_o the_o same_o meridian_n of_o the_o heaven_n thence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n to_o those_o that_o inhabit_v it_o make_v the_o meridies_n and_o the_o 12_o hour_n to_o they_o all_o at_o one_o time_n moreover_o a_o hour_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o 24_o part_n of_o that_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o two_o vicine_fw-la noon_n or_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o two_o meridies_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n therefore_o also_o the_o 24_o part_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v equal_a and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o and_o on_o that_o account_n they_o shall_v together_o number_v all_o their_o hour_n from_o the_o meridies_n proposition_n ii_o they_o which_o dwell_v in_o the_o divers_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v or_o distinguish_v or_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o divers_a part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la they_o i_o say_v have_v contrary_a season_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o same_o season_n in_o a_o different_a time_n of_o the_o year_n so_o that_o in_o one_o hemisphere_n it_o be_v winter_n when_o as_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o when_o the_o spring_n be_v in_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o this_o make_v of_o the_o different_a season_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v for_o the_o summer_n begin_v in_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o obtain_v a_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n the_o winter_n when_o a_o great_a distance_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o one_o hemisphere_n to_o the_o other_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o it_o draw_v near_o the_o place_n of_o one_o hemisphere_n it_o more_o and_o more_o depart_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o summer_n of_o one_o hemisphere_n agree_v in_o time_n with_o the_o winter_n of_o another_o and_o the_o spring_n of_o one_o with_o the_o autumn_n of_o another_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o season_n have_v something_o peculiar_a 26._o see_v chap._n 26._o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o they_o when_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o east_n be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o the_o right_n the_o south_n before_o they_o and_o the_o north_n behind_o they_o those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o star_n rise_v on_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o set_v on_o their_o left_a aequator_fw-la of_o those_o
more_o remote_a semicircle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n he_o first_o set_v to_o one_o place_n before_o he_o rise_v to_o another_o viz._n the_o perioeci_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v no_o part_n of_o the_o day_n but_o some_o part_n of_o the_o night_n common_a and_o the_o sun_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o for_o some_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o to_o one_o place_v it_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o other_o the_o beginning_n 4._o after_o the_o same_o mode_n those_o star_n which_o decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n elevate_v to_o the_o perioeci_n may_v be_v see_v for_o some_o hour_n or_o for_o some_o part_n of_o hour_n at_o once_o viz._n before_o they_o be_v set_v to_o one_o place_n they_o be_v rise_v to_o another_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a before_o they_o be_v rise_v to_o that_o they_o be_v not_o set_v to_o this_o and_o in_o this_o for_o so_o much_o the_o long_a time_n by_o how_o much_o the_o star_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n elevate_v on_o the_o contrary_a they_o never_o see_v those_o star_n together_o which_o decline_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n depress_v to_o the_o perioeci_n but_o they_o first_o set_v to_o one_o place_n before_o they_o arise_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o for_o some_o time_n or_o for_o some_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n they_o be_v conspicuous_a to_o neither_o of_o the_o perioeci_n and_o for_o so_o much_o the_o long_a time_n by_o how_o much_o the_o star_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n and_o those_o star_n which_o remain_v continual_o to_o the_o antoeci_n above_o the_o horizon_n be_v perpetual_o obscure_v to_o the_o perioeci_n 5._o what_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o of_o the_o perioeci_n have_v in_o the_o set_n aequinoctial_a or_o to_o the_o west_n the_o same_o the_o other_o of_o the_o perioeci_n be_v about_o to_o show_v direct_v the_o digit_fw-la to_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n whereof_o one_o part_n be_v common_a to_o the_o antoeci_n the_o rest_n to_o the_o perioeci_n proposition_n ix_o the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o antipode_n compare_v one_o with_o another_o be_v thus_o antipode_n the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o antipode_n 1._o in_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n rise_v to_o one_o place_n whilst_o they_o set_v to_o another_o for_o they_o have_v the_o same_o horizon_n although_o a_o different_a face_n 2._o the_o day_n of_o one_o be_v the_o night_n of_o another_o 3._o they_o have_v opposite_a equal_a day_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o night_n so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o one_o place_n be_v the_o short_a of_o the_o other_o 4._o they_o have_v contrary_a season_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o same_o season_n in_o a_o opposite_a time_n viz._n some_o have_v spring_n whilst_o the_o other_o have_v autumn_n the_o one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o other_o have_v winter_n and_o contrariwise_o 5._o they_o have_v the_o different_a pole_n elevate_v by_o a_o equal_a elevation_n they_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o that_o from_o the_o diverse_a quarter_n of_o it_o they_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o that_o be_v in_o its_o different_a semicircle_n 6._o they_o reckon_v indeed_o the_o contrary_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n but_o the_o same_o in_o name_n viz._n it_o be_v noon_n to_o one_o place_n whilst_o it_o be_v midnight_n to_o the_o other_o 7._o what_o star_n continual_o appear_v to_o one_o place_n or_o do_v remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n they_o perpetual_o remain_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o other_o place_n also_o what_o star_n remain_v a_o long_a space_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o one_o place_n they_o remain_v but_o a_o short_a time_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o other_o place_n 8._o the_o sun_n and_o star_n seem_v to_o rise_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o place_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a if_o that_o both_o shall_v turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la proposition_n x._o the_o perioeci_n of_o one_o place_n be_v the_o antipode_n of_o the_o antoeci_n of_o that_o place_n and_o the_o antoeci_n of_o the_o antipode_n of_o that_o place_n so_o the_o antipode_n of_o one_o place_n be_v the_o perioeci_n of_o the_o antoeci_n of_o that_o place_n and_o the_o antoeci_n of_o the_o perioeci_n these_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o definition_n neither_o do_v they_o need_v probation_n proposition_n xi_o a_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v give_v to_o find_v those_o place_n which_o have_v the_o same_o hour_n and_o meridies_n with_o the_o place_n give_v also_o those_o place_n which_o reckon_v contrary_a hour_n and_o midnight_n when_o it_o be_v midday_n in_o the_o place_n give_v glâ—be_n sundry_a question_n wrought_v and_o perform_v by_o the_o glâ—be_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n so_o all_o the_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o or_o those_o place_n which_o number_n at_o once_o all_o the_o same_o hour_n then_o let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o other_o 12_o hour_n so_o the_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n be_v those_o reckon_v hour_n contrary_a to_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n give_v proposition_n xii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o fiad_v those_o place_n in_o which_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o former_a place_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o its_o antoeci_n be_v find_v all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n satisfy_v the_o demand_n but_o if_o that_o a_o place_n be_v require_v who_o day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o all_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o same_o then_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n be_v only_o that_o seek_v for_o but_o if_o all_o the_o hour_n be_v contrary_a the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n only_o satisfi_v the_o demand_n proposition_n xiii_o a_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o hour_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n and_o its_o antoeci_n both_o together_o may_v see_v the_o sun_n or_o in_o what_o hour_n the_o sun_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o both_o place_n also_o the_o hour_n in_o which_o he_o be_v soon_o see_v in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o let_v the_o longitude_n or_o time_n of_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n give_v 25._o see_v propos_fw-fr 4._o chap._n 25._o at_o the_o day_n give_v according_a to_o the_o four_o proposition_n of_o the_o 25_o chapter_n be_v find_v the_o hour_n in_o which_o this_o time_n be_v deficient_a from_o 24_o hour_n be_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n for_o these_o two_o place_n have_v the_o sun_n elevate_v together_o so_o many_o hour_n as_o the_o day_n of_o the_o place_n give_v consist_v of_o hour_n or_o the_o day_n of_o the_o antoeci_n viz._n of_o that_o day_n which_o have_v no_o more_o than_o 12_o hour_n as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinox_n but_o lesser_a than_o other_o day_n or_o that_o i_o may_v speak_v more_o plain_o if_o the_o day_n of_o the_o place_n give_v be_v less_o than_o 12_o hour_n than_o the_o antoeci_n shall_v see_v the_o sun_n on_o the_o same_o hour_n but_o yet_o in_o more_o to_o wit_n before_o and_o after_o that_o time_n but_o if_o the_o day_n of_o the_o place_n give_v be_v more_o than_o 12_o hour_n the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n must_v be_v take_v for_o so_o many_o hour_n together_o the_o antoeci_n shall_v see_v the_o sun_n and_o no_o more_o and_o these_o hour_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v about_o the_o meridies_n because_o they_o have_v their_o meridies_n together_o then_o half_a of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o day_n and_o night_n of_o the_o same_o place_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v soon_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o one_o place_n and_o also_o set_v late_a than_o to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n proposition_n fourteen_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o find_v the_o hour_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n together_o see_v the_o sun_n with_o their_o
ecliptic_a be_v note_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridan_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n at_o noon_n of_o the_o cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n give_v then_o the_o globe_n be_v immovable_a let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o east_n until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v behold_v in_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n then_o let_v the_o hour_n be_v number_v from_o 12_o to_o the_o index_n near_o the_o quarter_n of_o his_o motion_n for_o these_o shall_v be_v the_o italian_a hour_n of_o numeration_n proposition_n ix_o the_o hour_n from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o italic_a numeration_n be_v give_v to_o find_v what_o hour_n it_o be_v of_o our_o numeration_n from_o the_o midnoon_n or_o midnight_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o hour_n 12_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o set_n until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o give_v italic_a hour_n then_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a let_v the_o index_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v turn_v back_o to_o that_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n which_o it_o do_v near_o pass_v through_o so_o the_o hour_n interrupt_v between_o 12_o and_o the_o index_n number_v from_o 12_o towards_o the_o rise_a be_v the_o hour_n from_o the_o meridies_n or_o midnight_n according_a to_o our_o numeration_n or_o reckon_n proposition_n x._o a_o hour_n of_o our_o numeration_n be_v give_v on_o the_o day_n give_v to_o find_v what_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n that_o hour_n be_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a judaic_a account_n and_o that_o of_o other_o nation_n night_n the_o jew_n division_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n in_o ancient_a time_n the_o jew_n and_o other_o nation_n astronomy_n be_v not_o yet_o polish_v divide_v every_o day_n from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o his_o set_n into_o 12_o hour_n and_o the_o night_n into_o as_o many_o which_o hour_n be_v therefore_o term_v judaical_a hour_n planetary_a hour_n for_o another_o reason_n but_o more_o fit_o unequal_a hour_n for_o see_v that_o neither_o the_o day_n or_o night_n be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o or_o of_o equal_a longitude_n but_o increase_n for_o half_a a_o year_n 25._o see_v chap._n 25._o and_o decrease_v the_o other_o half_n except_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o hour_n be_v sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a for_o they_o increase_v with_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n and_o decrease_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o same_o but_o in_o place_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o increase_n be_v not_o great_a as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n but_o all_o the_o day_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n be_v almost_o equal_a and_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o people_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o those_o of_o europe_n never_o use_v these_o hour_n but_o only_o those_o people_n who_o be_v not_o far_o remove_v from_o or_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o the_o problem_n may_v be_v thus_o more_o clear_o propound_v viz._n a_o equal_a hour_n be_v give_v in_o a_o give_v day_n to_o find_v a_o unequal_a hour_n a_o equal_a hour_n be_v term_v the_o 12_o part_n of_o any_o day_n or_o night_n or_o of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n do_v remain_v above_o or_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n a_o unequal_a hour_n be_v term_v the_o 24_o part_n of_o that_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n until_o it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n which_o time_n be_v call_v a_o astronomical_a day_n now_o for_o the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v the_o pole_n he_o elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o east_n the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o note_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o west_n the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o this_o day_n or_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v then_o set_v it_o be_v find_v what_o be_v the_o hour_n give_v from_o the_o east_n or_o rise_n or_o from_o the_o west_n and_o set_v if_o that_o any_o hour_n be_v give_v after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o the_o 6_o or_o 8_o proposition_n 8._o see_v proposition_n 6_o and_o 8._o and_o let_v the_o proportion_n be_v compare_v after_o this_o mode_n that_o as_o the_o note_a hour_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o whole_a day_n or_o night_n be_v unto_o 2_o hour_n so_o the_o hour_n find_v from_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v if_o that_o a_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n be_v give_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o judaic_a hour_n proposition_n xi_o the_o judaic_a hour_n be_v give_v in_o the_o day_n give_v to_o find_v what_o hour_n that_o be_v according_a to_o our_o numeration_n or_o account_n or_o to_o reduce_v a_o give_v unequal_a hour_n to_o a_o equal_a hour_n hour_n of_o the_o judaic_a hour_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o day_n give_v be_v find_v let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o east_n the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o west_n that_o the_o longitude_n of_o that_o day_n may_v appear_v in_o unequal_a hour_n on_o the_o horary_a cycle_n which_o be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n unto_o 12_o and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v turn_v round_o to_o the_o oriental_a honrizon_n the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o rise_n then_o let_v it_o so_o be_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o 12_o be_v add_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o judaic_a hour_o so_o also_o let_v the_o find_v out_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v add_v to_o the_o other_o number_n which_o if_o that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o rise_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o hour_n from_o the_o midnight_n according_a to_o our_o numeration_n if_o that_o the_o number_n of_o these_o hour_n be_v more_o than_o 12_o let_v 12_o cast_v away_o and_o the_o remainder_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n from_o noon_n those_o judaic_a hour_n which_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o sermon_n of_o christ_n can_v accurate_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o account_n because_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v not_o add_v so_o that_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o that_o day_n may_v be_v our_o 8_o 9th_o or_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o 11_o hour_n of_o that_o sermon_n may_v be_v our_o seven_o 6_o or_o 5_o viz_o as_o that_o day_n may_v be_v take_v either_o according_a to_o the_o summer_n or_o winter_n solstice_n or_o the_o aequinoctial_a proposition_n xii_o those_o who_o go_v from_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o sail_v towards_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v encompass_v by_o they_o they_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n whence_o they_o set_v forth_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a space_n at_o once_o have_v often_o have_v the_o sun_n rise_v set_v the_o meridies_n and_o the_o midnight_n the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o place_n from_o which_o they_o go_v from_o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o return_v they_o number_v one_o day_n of_o a_o year_n more_o than_o in_o that_o place_n for_o example_n if_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n they_o reckon_v the_o second_o of_o january_n if_o they_o account_v it_o to_o be_v saturday_n they_o reckon_v sunday_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v sail_v about_o the_o earth_n twice_o thrice_o or_o four_o time_n they_o shall_v still_o number_v so_o many_o more_o day_n earth_n of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o who_o by_o a_o determine_a course_n sail_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n towards_o the_o west_n they_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n for_o one_o space_n have_v the_o set_n or_o rise_v sun_n the_o meridies_n and_o midnight_n more_o rare_a and_o therefore_o when_o they_o return_v they_o number_v one_o day_n less_o than_o in_o that_o
place_n to_o wit_n the_o 31_o of_o december_n if_o in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o january_n and_o saturday_n or_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o week_n when_o in_o this_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v sunday_n or_o the_o first_o day_n of_o a_o new_a week_n and_o if_o they_o have_v sail_v round_o the_o earth_n twice_o thrice_o or_o soin_fw-fr time_n they_o shall_v also_o reckon_v so_o many_o day_n less_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o wonder_n and_o admiration_n some_o age_n ago_o to_o mâ—â—â—â—_n and_o other_o but_o the_o frequency_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v lessehen_fw-ge the_o admination_n and_o have_v administer_v occasion_n to_o mathemnâ—â—â—_n to_o 〈…〉_o the_o cause_n neither_o be_v it_o difficult_a to_o explain_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o apprehend_v and_o a_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v propose_v â—_o for_o it_o dependetiâ—â—_n the_o diurual_a cirâ—â—â—voluationâ—_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o from_o his_o proper_a nation_n as_o some_o have_v think_v which_o we_o may_v begin_v from_o any_o circle_n but_o for_o our_o more_o easy_a understanding_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o meridies_n that_o the_o day_n may_v be_v the_o time_n from_o one_o meridies_n to_o the_o follow_a meridies_n or_o noon_n or_o whilst_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o the_o semicircle_n of_o one_o meridiany_n to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n therefore_o because_o that_o those_o who_o sail_n towards_o the_o east_n or_o rise_v come_v to_o those_o place_n where_o the_o sun_n first_o rise_v and_o make_v his_o meridian_n than_o in_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o depart_v thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o have_v arrive_v they_o begin_v to_o reckon_v a_o new_a day_n for_o example_n the_o second_o day_n of_o january_n where_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o departure_n hitherto_o they_o have_v number_v the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n if_o that_o they_o set_v sail_n on_o the_o same_o and_o the_o difference_n shall_v be_v one_o or_o two_o hour_n this_o anticipation_n daily_o increase_v until_o they_o come_v towards_o the_o east_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v make_v the_o hour_n of_o half_a a_o day_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o opposite_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n for_o here_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n of_o a_o new_a day_n when_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o midnight_n of_o the_o precede_a day_n and_o where_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o meridian_n 1â—_n degree_n more_o remote_a be_v in_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n 13_o hour_n soon_o than_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o and_o when_o again_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o a_o meridian_n more_o remote_a 15_o degree_n there_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o minidiesâ—4_n â—4_z hour_n soon_o than_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o and_o so_o moreover_o as_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o meridian_n or_o place_v more_o remote_a 15_o degree_n they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n 15_o 16_o 17_o hour_n soon_o and_o shall_v begin_v to_o account_v a_o new_a day_n soon_o than_o in_o their_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o so_o that_o when_o at_o length_n they_o shall_v have_v return_v to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v then_o number_v the_o meridies_n of_o a_o new_a day_n soon_o by_o 24_o hour_n where_o in_o the_o place_n also_o the_o meridies_n be_v which_o yet_o may_v answer_v in_o number_n to_o the_o meridies_n which_o the_o mariner_n have_v the_o former_a day_n but_o it_o be_v contrary_a with_o those_o who_o sail_n towards_o the_o west_n when_o they_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o set_v forth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o recede_v from_o this_o place_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o sun_n late_a in_o the_o meridies_n because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o more_o remote_a meridian_n and_o therefore_o do_v late_a begin_v the_o account_n of_o their_o new_a day_n than_o in_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o set_v forth_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n take_v away_o a_o whole_a day_n in_o the_o return_n corollary_n 1._o corollary_n corollary_n if_o that_o two_o at_o the_o same_o time_n set_v forth_o from_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o they_o shall_v return_v both_o together_o to_o the_o same_o place_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v sail_v about_o he_o that_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o east_n shall_v reckon_v two_o day_n more_o than_o he_o which_o take_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o if_o they_o have_v sail_v the_o earth_n about_o twice_o they_o shall_v reckon_v a_o day_n more_o if_o thrice_o 6_o day_n more_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o day_n of_o these_o be_v long_o of_o those_o short_a corollary_n 2._o the_o same_o will_v happen_v if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n any_o two_o meet_v one_o the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o first_o and_o then_o often_o afterward_o be_v this_o apparent_o discover_v for_o when_o ferdinando_n magellanes_n by_o a_o direct_a course_n into_o the_o west_n have_v enter_v the_o indies_n by_o the_o strait_n denominate_v from_o he_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o mariner_n which_o there_o meet_v with_o other_o european_n bring_v towards_o the_o east_n by_o a_o ordinary_a journey_n that_o the_o kaleudar_n or_o the_o numeration_n of_o the_o day_n differ_v a_o whole_a day_n the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o all_o which_o have_v sail_v round_o the_o earth_n when_o they_o have_v come_v into_o the_o indies_n corillary_n 10._o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o two_o near_a place_n the_o account_n of_o a_o different_a day_n 〈◊〉_d observe_v viz._n in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o marrow_n on_o the_o chaste_a of_o china_n isle_n the_o day_n in_o macoa_n not_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n although_o they_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n yet_o they_o reckon_v the_o day_n of_o the_o calendar_n soon_o in_o macoa_n than_o in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n and_o that_o by_o the_o anticipation_n of_o one_o day_n so_o that_o it_o be_v sunday_n in_o moacoa_n when_o but_o saturday_n in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v this_o that_o the_o rortuâ—â—â—_n possess_v the_o city_n of_o macoa_n come_v thither_o from_o europe_n towards_o the_o east_n by_o asseccourse_n out_o of_o india_n but_o the_o spaniard_n which_o possess_v the_o philippine_n isle_n come_v thither_o from_o europe_n towards_o the_o west_n by_o a_o set_a course_n from_o america_n therefore_o it_o be_v in_o fer_v from_o the_o precede_a corollary_n because_o here_o in_o mâ—â—a_n and_o the_o philippines_n they_o almost_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d â—ome_v into_o the_o same_o meridian_n that_o they_o shall_v â—â—ceâ—d_v by_o one_o day_n the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o various_a rise_v set_v altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n 1._o to_o place_n or_o hang_v a_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n shine_v those_o part_n of_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v illuminate_v which_o the_o sun_n enlighten_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o any_o time_n and_o that_o it_o also_o may_v appear_v unto_o what_o people_n the_o sun_n rise_v and_o to_o who_o it_o set_v to_o who_o it_o make_v the_o meridies_n and_o to_o who_o it_o be_v altogether_o abscond_v to_o what_o place_n it_o be_v vertical_a also_o to_o find_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n globe_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n show_v by_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v place_v be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o that_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o if_o the_o globe_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v by_o a_o cord_n the_o cord_n must_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n but_o if_o that_o it_o must_v be_v place_v firm_o in_o any_o place_n a_o iron_n piâ—_n must_v be_v bring_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n even_o to_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o this_o iron_n pin_n must_v be_v close_o fix_v to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a that_o it_o may_v remain_v immovable_a the_o globe_n must_v be_v dispose_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n viz_o that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o globe_n may_v regard_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n
degree_n and_o b_o n_o l_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n a_o s_o l_o or_o b_o a_o r._n therefore_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o arch_n b_o m_o by_o which_o p_o b_o be_v great_a than_o 90_o degree_n or_o than_o p_o m_o so_o also_o the_o arch_n p_o c._n if_o we_o take_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n according_a unto_o ptolemy_n of_o 5_o 2_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o distance_n a_o s_o 1168_o semidiameter_n these_o i_o say_v be_v lay_v down_o the_o arch_n m_o b_o will_v be_v find_v 13_o minute_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n illustrate_v the_o earth_n more_o than_o half_a m_o p_o q._n corollary_n when_o therefore_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v to_o some_o place_n than_o his_o limbus_n or_o edge_n rise_v to_o the_o people_n which_o inhabit_v in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o horizon_n situate_v 13_o minute_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n also_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n to_o those_o to_o who_o he_o set_v and_o when_o his_o centre_n set_v than_o his_o limbus_n yet_o remain_v conspicuous_a until_o the_o centre_n set_v to_o the_o people_n which_o be_v remote_a 13_o minute_n from_o our_o horizon_n proposition_n xiii_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n be_v give_v to_o find_v how_o much_o soon_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o rise_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o same_o than_o at_o the_o foot_n or_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o how_o much_o late_a it_o set_v from_o the_o give_a altitude_n 5._o see_v chap._n 9_o proposit_n 5._o by_o the_o five_o proposition_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n let_v the_o interval_n or_o arch_n from_o which_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n may_v be_v discover_v or_o in_o the_o bind_v of_o which_o a_o line_n so_o draw_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n refract_v the_o same_o for_o this_o line_n show_v the_o first_o ray_n which_o may_v come_v from_o a_o direct_a passage_n from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n moreover_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o this_o be_v touch_v by_o the_o line_n be_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v see_v on_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o arch_n interrupt_v between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v as_o yet_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n when_o he_o be_v apparent_a in_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o the_o problem_n be_v reduce_v hither_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o time_n which_o be_v spend_v whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o depression_n to_o the_o horizon_n whence_o also_o it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o this_o time_n be_v also_o diverse_a in_o the_o divers_a day_n of_o the_o year_n therefore_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v clevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o same_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o any_o day_n take_v let_v it_o be_v note_v also_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a opposite_a to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o let_v this_o opposite_a point_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n and_o let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o hour_n 12._o this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o degree_n of_o depression_n before_o find_v be_v note_v in_o the_o quadrant_n and_o the_o opposite_a point_n be_v turn_v above_o the_o horizon_n until_o it_o have_v a_o altitude_n equal_a to_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o depression_n which_o will_v be_v discover_v from_o the_o application_n of_o the_o quadrant_n so_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n will_v have_v that_o depression_n and_o the_o index_n in_o the_o horaty_a circle_n will_v show_v the_o time_n intercopt_v between_o that_o depression_n of_o he_o and_o his_o emersion_n above_o the_o horizon_n but_o because_o in_o this_o case_n we_o do_v almost_o work_v only_o by_o minute_n therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o calculate_v it_o than_o to_o search_v after_o it_o on_o the_o globe_n now_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o if_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v place_v 3_o stadias_fw-la or_o ¾_n of_o a_o german_a mile_n because_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o depression_n be_v about_o three_o degree_n night_n the_o mountain_n of_o caucasus_n and_o casius_n according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n be_v illustrate_v with_o the_o sun_n ray_n to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o night_n and_o if_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v 38_o degree_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o leo_n the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v behold_v be_v soon_o in_o the_o vertex_fw-la than_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o 13_o minute_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o be_v not_o so_o probable_a which_o aristotle_n relate_v of_o the_o high_a part_n of_o caucasus_n and_o pliny_n of_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n casius_n that_o they_o before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v illustrate_v with_o the_o sun_n beam_n even_o to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o night_n now_o how_o great_a a_o altitude_n be_v require_v for_o this_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n fourteen_o the_o time_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v soon_o discern_v on_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n than_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o same_o to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v on_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o point_n be_v note_v which_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a let_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n for_o the_o give_v time_n be_v find_v then_o from_o this_o arch_n as_o from_o a_o interval_n from_o whence_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n be_v discover_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n must_v be_v search_v after_o by_o the_o four_o proposition_n of_o the_o nine_o chapter_n proposition_n xv._o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o zodiac_n together_o with_o its_o latitude_n to_o find_v out_o or_o show_v all_o those_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a in_o the_o circumrotation_n of_o that_o day_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n take_v from_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a then_o let_v one_o end_n of_o the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o other_o to_o the_o point_v note_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v account_v on_o the_o quadrant_n and_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v at_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n on_o the_o globe_n then_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o a_o chalk_n apply_v let_v a_o parallel_n be_v describe_v which_o the_o moon_n that_o day_n do_v describe_v by_o her_o circumvolution_n and_o all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n be_v those_o demand_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o act_n with_o the_o other_o planer_n if_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v give_v proposition_n xvi_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o zodiac_n and_o its_o latitude_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o find_v the_o hour_n in_o which_o she_o arise_v in_o any_o place_n give_v and_o in_o which_o she_o set_v also_o in_o which_o she_o make_v midnight_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n find_v from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a then_o let_v a_o point_n also_o be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n 15._o see_v proposition_n 15._o this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o moon_n arise_v or_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n or_o set_v for_o the_o index_n in_o the_o circle_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n of_o her_o rise_n or_o set_v or_o be_v in_o
the_o meridian_n or_o set_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o must_v act_v with_o the_o other_o planet_n proposition_n xvii_o to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n and_o in_o which_o she_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o to_o which_o she_o set_v if_o that_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v know_v hour_n by_o the_o globe_n be_v show_v all_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v and_o set_v at_o any_o hour_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moon_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o circle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o hour_n be_v observe_v on_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v note_v or_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v on_o the_o circle_n for_o they_o show_v how_o much_o late_a the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o sun_n moreover_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o eminent_a point_n be_v note_v in_o this_o or_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v describe_v this_o do_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o hour_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n let_v the_o point_n also_o of_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n moreover_o let_v the_o place_n who_o hour_n be_v give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o 12_o hour_n of_o noon_n or_o midnight_n so_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o meridies_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o index_n be_v reduce_v to_o 12_o and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o the_o index_n come_v to_o the_o hour_n note_v before_o in_o the_o circle_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a therefore_o let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o globe_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n all_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v then_o in_o the_o meridian_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o moon_n than_o set_v last_o in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o moon_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o act_n with_o saturn_n jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n if_o that_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v know_v proposition_n xviii_o the_o day_n or_o hour_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v or_o have_v be_v to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n which_o have_v see_v it_o and_o in_o that_o species_n to_o who_o the_o moon_n shall_v in_o the_o meridian_n to_o who_o it_o shall_v arise_v and_o to_o who_o it_o shall_v set_v eclipse_v this_o problem_n little_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n but_o yet_o it_o have_v a_o more_o easy_a solution_n from_o the_o day_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v except_o it_o be_v already_o know_v and_o let_v the_o point_n opposite_a to_o it_o be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n for_o this_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n 28._o see_v proposition_n 6._o chapter_n 28._o let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n and_o let_v the_o antipode_n of_o this_o place_n be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o vi_o proposition_n of_o the_o xxviii_o chapter_n for_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v shall_v be_v vertical_a let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v or_o depress_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n so_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n may_v have_v see_v that_o eclipse_n and_o those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o meridian_n those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o west_n or_o set_v with_o the_o eclipse_n but_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o east_n or_o noon_n to_o arise_v eclipse_v but_o see_v that_o a_o eclipse_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o one_o moment_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o dure_v for_o some_o hour_n therefore_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_v and_o the_o moment_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v note_v therefore_o the_o consideration_n must_v be_v more_o especial_o concern_v the_o middle_a time_n of_o the_o eclipse_n moreover_o see_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v less_o than_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v illustrate_v a_o lesser_a part_n than_o the_o hemisphere_n be_v also_o it_o will_v be_v see_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o lesser_a part_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v any_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o to_o those_o in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n it_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v but_o a_o certain_a circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o terminate_v the_o part_n illustrate_v now_o how_o much_o this_o part_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o hemisphere_n or_o how_o great_a a_o portion_n it_o be_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xix_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o to_o find_v out_o how_o long_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o full._n 11._o see_v proposition_n 11._o this_o problem_n must_v be_v solve_v by_o the_o same_o mode_n that_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o eleven_o proposition_n for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v s_o the_o great_a circle_n represent_v the_o superficies_n o_o f_o l_o h._n the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o the_o great_a circle_n c_o p_o b_o q._n let_v the_o tangent_n l_o b_o o_o c_o be_v draw_v for_o these_o be_v the_o ultimate_a ray_n that_o can_v come_v from_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o arch_n o_o h_n l_o will_v denote_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n and_o who_o inhabitant_n may_v see_v the_o moon_n together_o which_o by_o how_o much_o lesser_a it_o be_v than_o the_o hemisphere_n we_o shall_v know_v if_o we_o find_v the_o angle_n h_o s_o l_o or_o the_o arch_n h_o l._n let_v b_o n_n be_v draw_v from_o b_o parallel_n to_o a_o s_n b_o he_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_o s_o n_n and_o n_n l_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n s_o l_o above_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o b_o and_o b_o n_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a distance_n with_o a_o s_o but_o the_o the_o angle_n n_o l_o b_o be_v direct_a or_o of_o 90_o degree_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n straight_a angle_n n_o b_o l_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o by_o this_o proportion_n as_o n_z b_o be_v to_z n_o l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n l_o b_o n_o who_o arch_n be_v that_o in_o which_o h_n l_o differ_v from_o the_o arch_n 90_o or_o from_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o the_o great_a circle_n terminanate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v by_o the_o moon_n let_v we_o suppose_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o contain_v four_o part_n of_o such_o like_a the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 15_o or_o 4_o 15_o of_o the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o
have_v observe_v the_o beginning_n also_o in_o his_o map_n but_o see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n do_v the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o do_v it_o in_o all_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o other_o geographer_n have_v not_o think_v that_o cause_n sufficient_a and_o some_o have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o brazilian_n shore_n the_o more_o modern_a especial_o the_o hollander_n have_v go_v back_o to_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n isle_n have_v choose_v in_o one_o of_o they_o call_v teneriffe_n teneriffe_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o hollander_n begin_v at_o teneriffe_n a_o mountain_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n call_v el_n pico_fw-la de_fw-fr teneriffe_n and_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o judge_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v begin_v because_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o famous_a and_o durable_a place_n for_o all_o age_n may_v be_v best_a choose_v for_o this_o purpose_n concern_v which_o in_o age_n to_o come_v posterity_n shall_v not_o easy_o doubt_v and_o moreover_o that_o that_o assignation_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v not_o be_v desert_v on_o a_o trivial_a account_n canary_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o french_a begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n in_o the_o canary_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o year_n 1634_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o first_o meridian_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n isles_n which_o beginning_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o king_n of_o france_n command_v his_o mariner_n and_o geographer_n to_o observe_v astronomer_n also_o take_v divers_a place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n for_o those_o who_o follow_v tycho_n be_v wont_a to_o place_v it_o at_o vranoburge_n situate_a in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o danish_a sea_n and_o at_o this_o place_n to_o compute_v their_o celestial_a motion_n and_o thence_o to_o other_o place_n other_o make_v other_o beginning_n as_o they_o follow_v this_o or_o that_o author_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n astronomer_n the_o longitude_n likewise_o begin_v in_o sundry_a place_n by_o astronomer_n for_o the_o writer_n of_o ephemerides_n as_o also_o the_o computer_n of_o the_o planetary_a table_n be_v wont_a to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o meridian_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o origanus_n to_o frankford_n maginus_fw-la to_o venice_n because_o that_o milan_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o the_o venetian_n ecstadius_n to_o stetin_n lansbergius_n to_o goesa_n in_o zealand_n reinholdus_n to_o regium_n a_o mountain_n of_o borusia_n but_o to_o speak_v free_o what_o i_o think_v all_o this_o dissent_n of_o author_n proceed_v from_o no_o sufficient_a cause_n so_o that_o those_o who_o first_o remove_v the_o ptolomaick-beginning_n out_o of_o its_o place_n be_v blame_v worthy_a but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o whatsoever_o beginning_n of_o this_o account_n be_v take_v in_o the_o earth_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v note_v or_o the_o ultimate_a to_o the_o occident_n or_o orient_a so_o that_o the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v accurate_o know_v at_o it_o yet_o this_o variety_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o meridian_n express_v the_o read_n of_o geographical_a writer_n with_o many_o confusion_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v of_o great_a utility_n and_o that_o that_o declination_n increase_v even_o to_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o then_o again_o decrease_v i_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n and_o the_o more_o easy_a comparison_n of_o the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o it_o if_o that_o that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n make_v little_a or_o no_o declination_n so_o that_o such_o a_o meridian_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o which_o or_o the_o most_o at_o least_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n will_v do_v it_o but_o see_v that_o the_o hollander_n at_o this_o time_n take_v the_o mountain_n of_o teneriffe_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o longitude_n and_o that_o they_o sail_v at_o this_o day_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o begin_n with_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o diaries_n that_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o publish_v now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o read_n of_o author_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o of_o a_o certain_a number_v meridian_n that_o then_o you_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n that_o author_n determine_v or_o through_o what_o place_n he_o bring_v his_o first_o meridian_n as_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o map_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o part_n and_o place_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o longitude_n i_o say_v of_o those_o place_n be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o french_a account_n begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o of_o fer_n be_v one_o of_o the_o canary_n isle_n they_o be_v compose_v by_o monsieur_n sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o who_o method_n be_v not_o convenient_a to_o be_v allow_v for_o to_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o other_o place_n must_v be_v bring_v and_o inquire_v of_o proposition_n iii_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v give_v which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o map_n or_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v the_o situation_n and_o 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same_o both_o as_o to_o sense_n and_o diligent_a observation_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o that_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o which_o that_o happen_v true_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o if_o we_o err_v two_o scruple_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o observation_n than_o a_o error_n of_o half_a a_o degree_n will_v slip_v into_o the_o longitude_n so_o that_o we_o will_v suppose_v that_o our_o meridian_n in_o which_o we_o be_v and_o note_v it_o in_o the_o map_n and_o globe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o true_a one_o but_o remove_v from_o the_o true_a one_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la half_n a_o deg_fw-la therefore_o they_o be_v such_o phoenomenon_n of_o the_o planet_n which_o within_o two_o scruple_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o else_o at_o one_o scruple_n or_o if_o possible_a at_o half_a a_o scruple_n may_v be_v vary_v but_o of_o such_o there_o be_v none_o but_o these_o 1._o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o middle_a and_o the_o end_n 2._o the_o longitude_n or_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o zodiac_n 3._o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o fix_a star_n or_o her_o appulse_n towards_o they_o 4._o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o into_o the_o point_n of_o her_o circle_n where_o this_o cut_v the_o ecliptic_a and_o 5._o the_o conjunction_n distance_n and_o eclipse_n of_o the_o jovial_a planet_n viz._n of_o those_o four_o planet_n which_o be_v find_v in_o this_o our_o age_n to_o make_v a_o circuit_n about_o jupiter_n whence_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n have_v obtain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confirmation_n the_o first_o mode_n by_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n mode_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n first_o mode_n this_o mode_n be_v very_a accurate_a if_o that_o their_o can_v happen_v but_o eclipse_n every_o night_n at_o the_o time_n wherein_o we_o behold_v the_o beginning_n or_o end_n of_o the_o lunary_n eclipse_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o telescope_n than_o i_o say_v let_v the_o altitude_n or_o plaga_fw-la of_o any_o fix_a star_n be_v observe_v and_o also_o let_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v before_o find_v out_o or_o let_v it_o together_o be_v seek_v for_o from_o some_o star_n in_o the_o meridian_n from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n the_o hour_n with_o the_o scruple_n be_v accurate_o enough_o find_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v from_o astronomy_n and_o more_o easy_o without_o the_o invention_n of_o altitude_n if_o the_o star_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n let_v this_o hour_n so_o find_v out_o with_o the_o scruple_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o hour_n and_o scruple_n in_o which_o the_o ephemerides_n exhibit_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o eclipse_n or_o the_o middle_n which_o hour_n respect_v the_o meridian_n unto_o which_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v calculate_v for_o so_o the_o hour_n of_o two_o place_n be_v find_v at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o at_o the_o same_o celestial_a appearance_n viz._n the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n and_o of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v know_v therefore_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o longitude_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n if_o we_o change_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o hour_n of_o both_o place_n into_o the_o degree_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o v._o proposition_n and_o because_o in_o map_n give_v and_o in_o the_o globe_n the_o give_v meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n be_v know_v or_o may_v be_v show_v with_o little_a labour_n therefore_o we_o must_v reckon_v the_o degree_n find_v out_o from_o it_o in_o the_o transverse_a line_n of_o the_o map_n towards_o the_o west_n or_o east_n as_o the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o the_o place_n unknown_a shall_v be_v more_o or_o sewer_n than_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n and_o the_o meridian_n line_n shall_v be_v bring_v through_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n that_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o we_o then_o be_v or_o in_o which_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v make_v the_o second_o mode_n by_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o zodiac_n although_o the_o precede_a mode_n by_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n perform_v the_o business_n mode_n the_o second_o mode_n be_v most_o accurate_a yet_o because_o those_o eclipse_n be_v very_o rare_a neither_o be_v all_o conspicuous_a in_o all_o place_n therefore_o this_o mode_n do_v not_o resolve_v the_o business_n sufficient_o neither_o can_v it_o help_v the_o mariner_n in_o the_o wide_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_a to_o the_o constitute_v and_o find_v out_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a place_n where_o mathematician_n be_v or_o may_v go_v and_o the_o
not_o appear_v every_o night_n for_o it_o be_v know_v concern_v the_o moon_n as_o also_o with_o the_o attendant_n of_o jupiter_n that_o they_o rise_v and_o set_v with_o the_o sun_n near_o to_o jupiter_n and_o moreover_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a difficulty_n of_o observe_v in_o the_o ship_n join_v or_o accompany_v with_o the_o flow_n of_o wave_n for_o this_o reason_n many_o leave_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o attendance_n of_o jupiter_n fly_v to_o the_o automatical_a horologe_n and_o advise_v the_o mechanical_a artificer_n so_o to_o endeavour_v to_o prepare_v a_o machine_n or_o horologe_n as_o may_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o error_n so_o that_o it_o may_v show_v 24_o hour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v circumvolve_v and_o may_v make_v one_o day_n or_o 24_o hour_n and_o may_v neither_o anticipate_v or_o postdate_v the_o time_n place_n a_o move_a dial_n very_o useful_a for_o the_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o place_n if_o that_o 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the_o four_o thing_n which_o be_v next_o above_o this_o be_v a_o dias_n for_o the_o minute_n of_o hour_n so_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v every_o minute_n pass_v two_o beautiful_a picture_n of_o two_o child_n be_v join_v to_o either_o side_n of_o this_o he_o which_o be_v on_o the_o north-side_n have_v a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o when_o the_o clock_n strike_v he_o tell_v orderly_o every_o stroke_n he_o on_o the_o southside_n have_v a_o fine_a hourglass_n in_o his_o hand_n which_o run_v just_a with_o the_o clock_n and_o when_o the_o clock_n have_v strike_v he_o turn_v his_o hourglass_n which_o be_v run_v forth_o and_o hold_v it_o run_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o be_v next_o above_o the_o minute-dial_n be_v the_o dial_n for_o the_o hour_n contain_v the_o half_a part_n also_o the_o uttermost_a circumference_n contain_v the_o hour_n but_o within_o it_o be_v make_v a_o curious_a and_o perfect_a astrolabe_n whereby_o be_v show_v the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n his_o aspect_n 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side_n in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o he_o be_v come_v christ_n forth_o and_o drive_v he_o in_o but_o when_o the_o last_o quarter_n be_v hear_v christ_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o go_v to_o the_o bell_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o strike_v he_o with_o his_o bone_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hour_n and_o there_o he_o stand_v at_o the_o bell_n as_o the_o old_a man_n do_v at_o his_o quarter_n bell_n until_o the_o next_o quarter_n and_o then_o go_v they_o in_o both_o together_o the_o nine_o and_o last_o thing_n in_o this_o right_a line_n be_v the_o town_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o work_n wherein_o be_v a_o noble_a pleasant_a chime_n which_o go_v at_o three_o seven_o and_o eleven_o of_o the_o clock_n every_o time_n a_o diverse_a tune_n to_o one_o of_o the_o psalm_n and_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n a_o thanksgiving_n unto_o christ_n and_o when_o this_o chime_n have_v do_v the_o cock_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o town_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o main_a work_n have_v stretch_v out_o his_o neck_n shake_v his_o comb_n and_o clap_v his_o wing_n twice_o crowse_v then_o twice_o and_o this_o very_o he_o do_v so_o shrill_a and_o natural_o as_o it_o will_v make_v any_o man_n to_o wonder_n and_o if_o they_o listen_v which_o attend_v the_o clock_n they_o make_v he_o to_o crow_n more_o time_n in_o this_o town_n whereon_o this_o cock_n stand_v be_v convey_v all_o the_o instrument_n of_o those_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o foresay_a describe_v thing_n the_o other_o place_n of_o note_n in_o this_o low_a alsatia_n be_v 2._o altkirck_n in_o the_o part_n of_o sungou_n 3._o ensisheim_n in_o high_a alsatia_n 4._o frisbourg_n in_o brisgou_n 6._o offenbourg_n in_o mortnais_n and_o 7._o bid_v in_o the_o marquisate_n rhine_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v divide_v or_o sever_v into_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o palatinate_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n palatinate_n and_o the_o bishopric_n and_o imperial_a city_n of_o spire_n and_o worm_n the_o chief_a place_n be_v heidelberg_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a but_o environ_v on_o three_o side_n with_o high_a mountain_n and_o the_o other_o regard_v the_o rhine_n from_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o a_o mile_n it_o be_v dignify_v with_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o palsgraves_n as_o also_o with_o a_o university_n 2._o spire_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a about_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o rhine_n a_o city_n of_o more_o antiquity_n than_o beauty_n and_o trade_n be_v of_o note_n for_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n here_o continual_o keep_v 3._o worm_n a_o city_n also_o of_o good_a antiquity_n for_o the_o many_o imperial_a parliament_n here_o former_o hold_v and_o 4._o frankendal_n a_o new_a fair_a strong_a and_o beautiful_a city_n about_o which_o grow_v great_a plenty_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n cologne_n electorates_n of_o mayence_n trive_v and_o cologne_n the_o electorates_n and_o archbishopric_n on_o the_o rhine_n be_v those_o of_o mayence_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v mayence_n and_o aschaffenbourg_n of_o treves_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v treves_n and_o coblentz_n and_o of_o cologne_n who_o principal_a place_n be_v cologne_n and_o bonne_fw-fr cleaveland_n cleaveland_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o cleaveland_n contain_v the_o dutchy_n of_o cleves_n of_o julier_fw-la and_o of_o berge_n the_o duchy_n of_o cleves_n and_o county_n of_o mark_n be_v in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cleves_n duchy_n of_o cleves_n and_o have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n wesel_n and_o hamme_n in_o the_o county_n of_o mark_n juliers_n duchy_n of_o juliers_n the_o duchy_n of_o juliers_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n aken_n where_o the_o emperor_n after_o his_o election_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o silver_n crown_n of_o germany_n this_o place_n be_v of_o great_a esteem_n for_o its_o holy_a relic_n and_o 2._o juliers_n the_o duchy_n of_o berge_n or_o monte_fw-fr have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n dusseldrop_n hattingen_n and_o arusberg_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n or_o netherlands_o be_v contain_v the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o zutphen_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o vtrecht_n overyssel_n groningue_n and_o malines_n guelderland_n duchy_n of_o guelderland_n the_o duchy_n of_o gvelder_n or_o gvelderland_n westward_n of_o brabant_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o quarter_n of_o betuve_n veluve_fw-fr and_o gelder_n particular_o so_o call_v wherein_o be_v the_o town_n of_o 1._o nieumegue_n once_o a_o free_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o rhine_n call_v whael_n and_o make_v one_o of_o the_o imperial_a seat_n in_o these_o part_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o other_o two_o be_v thionvil_n and_o aken_n 2._o arnhem_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n 3._o ruremond_n so_o call_v from_o the_o river_n ruer_n and_o monde_n 4._o harderwick_n from_o a_o village_n make_v a_o wall_a town_n by_o otho_n the_o three_o earl_n 5._o gelder_n 6._o venlo_n and_o 7._o bommel_n holland_n earldom_n of_o holland_n the_o earldom_n of_o holland_n have_v on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n the_o sea_n from_o which_o no_o part_n be_v above_o three_o hour_n distance_n in_o this_o earldom_n be_v say_v to_o be_v about_o 400_o village_n and_o 23_o town_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v amsterdam_n which_o of_o late_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o new_a to_o the_o old_a be_v a_o fair_a strong_a and_o beautiful_a city_n be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o powerful_a of_o all_o the_o netherlands_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n to_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o as_o infamous_a for_o its_o
kexholm_n or_o barelogorod_n ingria_n which_o be_v not_o subdivide_v into_o province_n notteburg_n or_o orescu_n juanogorod_n caporia_n jamagorod_n livonia_n in_o part_n as_o the_o rest_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n esten_n or_o estonie_a where_o be_v the_o part_n of_o esten_n febin_n vickeland_n pernajo_n habsel_n harneland_n revel_v wireland_n wiesenburg_n tolsburg_n alantack_n nerva_n nyslot_n jervenland_n wittenstein_n kikeland_n derpt_v let_v with_o its_o part_n and_o place_n as_o they_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n riga_n segenwold_n wenden_n walmer_n towards_o the_o south_n koekenhaus_n creutzburg_n dunburg_n towards_o the_o east_n maryenburg_n scandinavia_n wherein_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n scandinavia_n the_o extent_n bound_n etc._n etc._n of_o scandinavia_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n be_v only_o a_o peninsula_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o 56th_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o or_o beyond_o the_o 71_o which_o be_v near_o 400_o league_n from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o from_o the_o 26_o degree_n of_o longitude_n unto_o the_o 45th_o on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o ocean_n unto_o the_o 53_o but_o this_o mass_n of_o land_n can_v have_v in_o its_o great_a breath_n above_o 150_o league_n finish_v in_o two_o point_n towards_o south_n and_o north._n etc._n it_o be_v situation_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n by_o the_o northern_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o continual_a chain_n of_o mountain_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o almost_o equal_a part_n of_o which_o one_o be_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o ocean_n this_o possess_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o other_o by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n denmark_n commodity_n its_o commodity_n the_o estate_n of_o denmark_n contain_v two_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n denmark_n and_o norway_n denmark_n be_v between_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n compose_v of_o a_o peninsula_n contiguous_a to_o germany_n and_o of_o a_o coast_n contiguous_a to_o sweden_n and_o of_o divers_a isle_n which_o be_v between_o the_o peninsula_n and_o coast_n some_o likewise_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o near_o livonia_n it_o be_v situate_a partly_o in_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n and_o partly_o within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n extend_v from_o the_o 55th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n or_o the_o middle_a parallel_n of_o the_o 10_o clime_n where_o it_o join_v to_o germany_n as_o far_o as_o 71_o degree_n where_o it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o most_o southern_a part_n be_v 17_o ¼_n hour_n but_o in_o the_o most_o northern_a part_n they_o have_v no_o night_n for_o almost_o three_o month_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o other_o tropic_a and_o most_o remote_a from_o they_o they_o have_v no_o day_n for_o the_o like_a time_n this_o country_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o consequent_o not_o over_o fertile_a nor_o afford_v good_a fruit_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o kingdom_n afford_v be_v fish_n hides_n tallow_n furniture_n for_o ship_n as_o pitch_n tar_n cordage_n mast_n etc._n etc._n also_o fir_n board_n wainscot_n several_a sort_n of_o armour_n etc._n etc._n virtute_fw-la non_fw-fr vi_o to_z the_o rt._n honorable_n 〈…〉_o lord_n 〈…〉_o &_o 〈…〉_o of_o 〈…〉_o dâ—â—â—â—â—_n &_o earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o l_o d_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n &c_n &c_n 1678_o of_o 〈…〉_o &_o young_a son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o danish_n king_n that_o come_v into_o england_n with_o william_n the_o conqueror_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o r_n b_o â—â—pp_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o dennmarke_n with_o its_o several_a diocese_n or_o province_n design_v by_o monsieur_n sanson_n geo_n inhabitant_n its_o inhabitant_n the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v of_o a_o good_a statute_n and_o complexion_n very_o healthful_a ingenious_a and_o of_o a_o ready_a wit_n very_o punctual_a in_o perform_v their_o promise_n proud_a and_o high_a conceit_a of_o their_o own_o worth_n lover_n of_o learning_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o famous_a man_n it_o have_v breed_v viz._n tycho_n brahe_n the_o great_a mathematician_n john_n cluverus_n the_o renown_a philosopher_n and_o physician_n godfrey_n gottricus_n that_o stout_a warrior_n who_o not_o only_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o also_o shake_v the_o realm_n of_o france_n likewise_o waldemare_n christiern_n the_o second_o and_o four_o canutus_n and_o sueno_n which_o two_o last_n be_v the_o conqueror_n of_o england_n they_o be_v great_a punisher_n of_o offender_n especial_o theft_n and_o piracy_n their_o woman_n be_v of_o a_o comely_a grace_n very_o fair_a and_o as_o fruitful_a in_o child_n discreet_a and_o sober_a the_o peninsula_n call_v jvitland_n once_o cimbrica_n chersonesus_n juitland_n juitland_n from_o the_o cimbrian_o its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o north_n and_o south_n juitland_n north_n jvitland_n be_v sever_v into_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v arthusen_n albourg_n and_o wibourg_n ripen_v diocese_n of_o ripen_v ripen_v contain_v 30_o prefecture_n or_o heret_n as_o they_o term_v they_o 7_o city_n or_o wall_a town_n and_o 10_o castle_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o ripen_v seat_v near_o the_o german_a ocean_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_n see_v 2._o kolding_n seat_v on_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 3._o we_o will_v 4._o warde_n etc._n etc._n arthusen_n diocese_n of_o arthusen_n arthusen_n contain_v 31_o prefecture_n 7_o city_n or_o wall_a town_n and_o 5_o castle_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o arthusen_n seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n have_v a_o commodious_a and_o well_o frequent_v port_n and_o dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_a see_n 2._o kalla_n a_o strong_a place_n seat_v in_o a_o large_a bay_n reach_v two_o dutch_a mile_n to_o the_o high_a hill_n of_o elemanberg_n opposite_a to_o which_o lie_v the_o isle_n of_o hilgones_n tuen_n samsoe_n hiarneo_n and_o hiolm_n etc._n etc._n 3._o horsen_n 4._o randersen_n 5._o ebelto_n and_o 6._o hobro_fw-la albourg_n diocese_n of_o albourg_n albourg_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n thyland_n who_o chief_a town_n be_v albourg_n seat_v on_o the_o bay_n of_o limford_n which_o open_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n extend_v itself_o through_o the_o main_a land_n almost_o to_o the_o german_a ocean_n 2._o hanebert_n on_o the_o northwest_n of_o limford_n bay_n contain_v 4_o prefecture_n and_o have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n thystad_n 3._o morsee_v lie_v on_o the_o ocean_n contain_v 3_o prefecture_n the_o isle_n of_o ageroe_n the_o town_n of_o nicopin_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o lunstead_n and_o 4._o vensyssel_n according_a to_o mercator_n vandalorum_fw-la sedes_fw-la or_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o vandal_n contain_v 6_o prefecture_n 3_o town_n and_o 1_o castle_n viz._n selby_n cagen_n and_o hir_v wibourg_n diocese_n of_o wibourg_n wibourg_n contain_v 16_o prefecture_n the_o isle_n of_o egholm_n hansholm_n bodum_fw-la idgen_n cisland_n and_o ostholm_n also_o it_o have_v 3_o castle_n and_o as_o many_o city_n or_o wall_a town_n viz._n 1._o wibourg_n dignify_v with_o a_o episcopal_n see_v and_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o both_o the_o juitlands_n the_o point_n of_o scagen_n or_o scene_n end_v this_o peninsula_n towards_o the_o north._n 2._o lemwick_n and_o 3._o holcker_n south_n jvitland_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswick_n and_o holstein_n sleswick_n a_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n level_v sleswick_n sleswick_n enrich_v with_o fertile_a field_n both_o for_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n it_o be_v very_o well_o provide_v with_o good_a bay_n on_o the_o baltic_a which_o be_v find_v commodious_a for_o merchant_n the_o chief_a place_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v 1._o sleswick_n seat_v on_o the_o slea_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a where_o it_o have_v a_o commodious_a and_o well_o frequent_v haven_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a town_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o dukedom_n and_o honour_v with_o a_o episcopal_a see_n 2._o hussen_n seat_v on_o the_o german_a ocean_n 3._o sternberg_n the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o governor_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n 4._o hadersleben_n seat_v on_o a_o navigable_a inlet_a of_o the_o baltic_a and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a and_o fair_a castle_n 5._o flensborg_n seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a among_o high_a mountain_n have_v a_o port_n so_o commodious_a and_o deep_a that_o ship_n do_v lade_v and_o unlade_v close_o to_o their_o house_n and_o 6._o gottrop_n where_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a fort_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswick_n seat_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o large_a bay_n of_o the_o baltic_a of_o note_n for_o the_o custom-house_n or_o tole-booth_n there_o erect_v for_o cattle_n send_v out_o of_o these_o part_n into_o germany_n holstein_n
no_o great_a account_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o dangerous_a situation_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v niburg_n arroe_n a_o small_a isle_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswick_n arroe_n arroe_n it_o contain_v three_o town_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kope_v fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n so_o call_v longland_n a_o indifferent_a long_a isle_n but_o not_o very_o broad_a longland_n longland_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v rudkope_v of_o some_o account_n laland_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o zealand_n abound_v in_o corn_n and_o chesuut_n laland_n laland_n freight_v therewith_o many_o vessel_n yearly_a it_o be_v very_o populous_a for_o the_o bigness_n contain_v 3_o town_n viz._n maxcow_n rodby_n and_o maribo_n beside_o a_o great_a many_o village_n and_o some_o castle_n falster_n a_o small_a isle_n fertile_a in_o corn_n seat_v near_o to_o laland_n falster_n falster_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v nikope_v of_o a_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o stubekope_v in_o the_o baltic_a and_o between_o the_o land_n of_o sweden_n be_v also_o several_a isle_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v bornholme_n bornholm_n bornholm_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o gothland_n a_o isle_n very_o fertile_a feed_v abundance_n of_o cattle_n it_o have_v many_o gooâ—_n town_n and_o village_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v next_o rottonby_n and_o suomnecky_a gothland_n gothland_n gothland_n a_o indifferent_a large_a isle_n in_o form_n round_o and_o narrow_a noâ—_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n it_o yield_v white_a marble_n excellent_a for_o building_n the_o city_n of_o wisby_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v once_o so_o famous_a foâ—_n traffic_n that_o it_o give_v maritime_a law_n to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n possess_v as_o particular_o belong_v to_o thaâ—_n crown_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o scandinavia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothland_n thâ—_n most_o southern_a of_o which_o that_o we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o be_v divide_v into_o westro-gothland_n and_o ostro-gothland_n which_o be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o the_o province_n of_o hallandia_n which_o take_v up_o westro-gothland_n and_o into_o the_o province_n oâ—_n scania_n and_o bleck_v which_o take_v up_o ostro_fw-la gothland_n and_o first_o of_o hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n hallandia_n now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n this_o country_n oâ—_n province_n for_o fertility_n of_o soil_n sweetness_n of_o air_n store_n of_o fish_n plenty_n of_o leaâ—_n and_o brass_n mine_n and_o thickness_n of_o town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v well_o inhabit_v be_v not_o inferior_a to_o any_o it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o warborg_n seat_v on_o thâ—_n seashore_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o summit_n of_o a_o hill_n sâ—_n that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a command_n over_o the_o country_n 2._o laholm_n 3._o helmster_n 4._o falkenborg_n and_o 5._o hallandia_n or_o katterop_n scania_n scanrâ—_n scanrâ—_n or_o sconen_n have_v on_o the_o north_n hallandia_n and_o on_o all_o other_o part_n the_o sea_n also_o now_o in_o the_o swede_n possession_n it_o be_v about_o 70_o mile_n long_o and_o 48_o broad_a the_o pleasant_a country_n in_o all_o denmark_n most_o abundant_a iâ—_n fruit_n and_o rich_a in_o merchandise_n and_o on_o the_o seaside_n be_v sometime_o such_o great_a shoal_n of_o herring_n that_o they_o be_v find_v troublesome_a to_o vessel_n it_o be_v chieâ—_n place_n be_v 2._o lunden_n a_o inland_a city_n dignify_v with_o the_o sole_a or_o metropolitan_a archbishop_n of_o denmark_n the_o chief_a beauty_n in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o cathedral_n church_n a_o magnificent_a structure_n beautify_v with_o excellent_a piece_n of_o art_n thâ—_n chief_a whereof_o be_v the_o clock_n and_o the_o dial_n the_o clock_n be_v so_o compose_v bâ—_n artificial_a engine_n that_o whensoever_o it_o strike_v two_o horseman_n give_v one_o another_o as_o many_o blow_n as_o the_o clock_n strike_v time_n also_o upon_o the_o open_n of_o 〈◊〉_d door_n there_o be_v represent_v a_o theatre_n where_o the_o virgin_n mary_n be_v seat_v on_o 〈◊〉_d throne_n with_o christ_n in_o her_o arm_n to_o who_o the_o three_o king_n with_o their_o severâ—_n train_n come_v in_o order_n and_o with_o reverence_n present_v their_o gift_n to_o she_o during_o which_o time_n two_o trumpeter_n continual_o sound_a and_o next_o the_o dial_n wherâ—_n the_o year_n month_n week_n day_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n throughout_o the_o year_n as_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n through_o each_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n thâ—_n movable_a and_o fix_a feast_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v distinct_o see_v be_v neat_o set_v forâ—â—_n in_o variety_n of_o delightful_a colour_n 2._o helsinborg_n fortify_v with_o a_o impregnablâ—_n castle_n and_o one_o of_o the_o fort_n defend_v the_o sound_n 3._o christiana_n a_o place_n 〈◊〉_d great_a strength_n and_o 4._o malbogen_fw-mi a_o port-town_n opposite_a to_o copenhagen_n blecklinge_n blecklinge_n blecklinge_n also_o belong_v to_o the_o swede_n have_v on_o the_o east_n anâ—_n south_n the_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v a_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a country_n and_o hatâ—_n for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o malinogia_n the_o birth-place_n of_o the_o famous_a mathematician_n gaspar_n bartholinus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o inventor_n and_o maker_n of_o the_o afore_o say_v clock_n and_o dial._n 2._o colmar_n a_o important_a fortress_n against_o the_o swede_n until_o they_o gain_v the_o province_n the_o soil_n of_o denmark_n be_v natural_o better_a for_o pasture_n than_o tillage_n and_o feed_v such_o multitude_n of_o ox_n that_o at_o least_o 50000_o be_v say_v to_o be_v yearly_o send_v hence_o tâ—_n germany_n their_o other_o commodity_n be_v fish_n tallow_n furniture_n for_o ship_n armour_n ox-hides_a buck-skin_n wainscot_n fir-wood_n fur_n pipe-stave_n copper_n wheat_n rye_n etc._n etc._n a_o general_n map_n of_o scandinavia_n where_o be_v the_o estate_n and_o kingdom_n of_o danmarke_n norway_n and_o sweden_n by_o monsieur_n sanson_n to_o the_o r_n t_o worshippfull_a s._n r_o thomas_n fitch_n of_o eltham_n and_o mount_n mascall_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o north_n cray_n in_o kent_n k._n t_o this_o map_n d._n d_o by_z r._n b._n norway_n etc._n it_o be_v situation_n temperature_n fertility_n commodity_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n of_o norway_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o lippia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o sweden_n and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n on_o which_o with_o a_o disproportionate_a breadth_n it_o stretch_v its_o coast_n for_o 1300_o mile_n in_o length_n the_o country_n be_v extreme_o cold_a be_v partly_o under_o the_o freeze_a zone_n and_o partly_o so_o near_o it_o that_o it_o all_o suffer_v under_o the_o inclemency_n of_o bitter_a cold_n it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mountainous_a full_a of_o vast_a wood_n and_o of_o a_o soil_n so_o barren_a and_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n afford_v so_o little_a corn_n that_o on_o many_o place_n the_o people_n live_v on_o dry_a fish_n instead_o of_o bread_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o stockfish_n but_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o people_n buy_v corn_n of_o such_o merchant_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n with_o they_o the_o principal_a commodity_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v be_v great_a plenty_n of_o sir_n deal-board_n timber_n tar_n mast_n and_o furniture_n for_o ship_n also_o stockfish_n train-oyle_n rich_a fur_n copper_n pipe-stave_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o inhabitant_n exchange_v for_o corn_n clothes_n kersey_n lead_v tinn_n stocking_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v exceed_o annoy_v with_o certain_a small_a beast_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o mouse_n by_o they_o call_v lemmers_n which_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v so_o innumerable_a that_o like_a locust_n they_o devour_v all_o the_o verdure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n die_v in_o heap_n which_o prove_v very_o noisome_a to_o the_o people_n infect_v the_o air_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o bid_v trouble_v with_o whale_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a dealer_n punisher_n of_o theft_n and_o other_o vice_n and_o be_v account_v former_o great_a warrior_n viz._n norway_n divide_v into_o five_o government_n viz._n this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o five_o government_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o governor_n reside_v in_o all_o which_o the_o town_n be_v exceed_o thin_a and_o the_o house_n as_o poor_a the_o five_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v bahus_n belong_v to_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o most_o southward_o bahus_n bahus_n the_o chief_a place_n be_v bahus_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n to_o which_o be_v subject_a the_o town_n of_o congel_n seat_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o trade_n and_o marstrand_n seat_v in_o a_o demi-island_n of_o note_n for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o herring_n here_o catch_v aggerhus_n
building_n have_v neither_o mortar_n nor_o plaster_n here_o they_o build_v not_o without_o both_o they_o despise_v all_o precious_a stone_n and_o esteem_v more_o their_o vessel_n of_o earth_n which_o serve_v to_o keep_v their_o drink_n which_o we_o make_v little_a esteem_n of_o but_o much_o value_n precious_a stone_n they_o drink_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v hot_a those_o most_o delicate_a with_o we_o be_v cool_v their_o physic_n be_v sweet_a and_o odoriferous_a we_o bitter_a and_o unpleasant_a they_o never_o let_v their_o sick_a blood_n which_o with_o we_o be_v very_o common_a upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n these_o with_o several_a other_o custom_n contrary_a to_o we_o do_v they_o observe_v among_o they_o which_o be_v too_o long_o to_o set_v down_o nor_o want_v they_o fine_a reason_n to_o sustain_v their_o custom_n better_a than_o we_o they_o say_v we_o must_v conserve_v our_o blood_n as_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a sustainer_n of_o our_o life_n that_o we_o must_v not_o give_v a_o sick_a person_n that_o which_o be_v displeasant_a troublesome_a and_o sometime_o affright_v he_o to_o see_v much_o more_o to_o drink_v or_o eat_v that_o hot_a water_n augment_v the_o natural_a heat_n open_v the_o conduit_n and_o quench_v thirst_n that_o cold_a close_v the_o pore_n beget_v the_o cough_n weaken_v the_o stomach_n and_o quench_v natural_a heat_n that_o their_o vessel_n of_o which_o they_o make_v such_o esteem_n be_v necessary_a for_o many_o thing_n in_o a_o family_n which_o precious_a stone_n be_v not_o that_o their_o building_n may_v be_v easy_o take_v down_o carry_v other_o where_o and_o erect_v in_o another_o manner_n when_o they_o will_v which_o we_o can_v etc._n etc._n among_o their_o manner_n there_o be_v some_o very_a good_a they_o hate_v game_n of_o hazard_n they_o be_v very_o patient_a in_o bad_a fortune_n they_o maintain_v themselves_o honest_o in_o their_o poverty_n suffer_v hot_a themselves_o to_o be_v transport_v with_o passion_n speak_v not_o ill_o of_o the_o absent_a know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v to_o swear_v lie_v or_o steal_v suffer_v easy_o all_o incommodity_n of_o heat_n cold_a famine_n or_o thirst_n yet_o all_o this_o rather_o to_o get_v the_o honour_n of_o be_v esteem_v constant_a and_o virtuous_a then_o be_v so_o true_o for_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o vice_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n but_o lot_n we_o leave_v their_o manner_n and_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o their_o government_n which_o of_o late_o have_v encounter_v a_o diversity_n and_o deserve_v to_o be_v know_v the_o general_a estate_n of_o all_o these_o isle_n be_v not_o long_o since_o divide_v into_o 66_o kingdom_n of_o which_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n alone_o have_v 47_o which_o with_o some_o little_a neighbour_a isle_n be_v make_v up_o 53_o that_o of_o ximo_n or_o saycok_n have_v 9_o according_a to_o its_o name_n and_o chicock_n the_o other_o four_o isle_n the_o estate_n of_o these_o isle_n at_o present_v the_o order_n be_v much_o change_v the_o whole_a estate_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o alone_a as_o it_o have_v be_v former_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o 7_o province_n or_o principal_a part_n and_o those_o 7_o part_n subdivide_v into_o many_o other_o which_o ought_v to_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o lordship_n some_o of_o which_o yet_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n other_o of_o dutchy_n principality_n etc._n etc._n those_o which_o command_v in_o the_o lesser_a part_n be_v call_v general_o tone_n charon_n range_v they_o in_o six_o different_a degree_n and_o call_v they_o king_n duke_n prince_n knight-baron_n baron_n and_o lord_n which_o according_a to_o our_o degree_n of_o honour_n be_v distinguish_v by_o king_n prince_n duke_n marquess_n earl_n and_o baron_n charon_n make_v 21_o king_n some_o of_o which_o possess_v 1_o or_o 2_o and_o some_o 3_o and_o in_o all_o 30_o and_o odd_a of_o the_o 66_o ancient_a kingdom_n after_o the_o king_n he_o put_v 4_o duke_n 6_o prince_n 17_o knight-baron_n 50_o baron_n and_o 41_o lord_n give_v each_o a_o revenue_n of_o at_o least_o 100000_o liver_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o so_o augment_v to_o the_o great_a to_o who_o he_o give_v 10_o million_o and_o more_o and_o make_v account_n that_o the_o cube_n or_o cesar_n of_o japan_n spend_v at_o least_o 100_o million_o of_o crown_n yearly_a as_o well_o in_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o house_n as_o in_o his_o militia_n and_o what_o he_o disburse_v to_o the_o tone_n japan_n the_o part_n of_o japan_n the_o name_n of_o the_o 7_o principal_a part_n into_o which_o the_o estate_n of_o japan_n be_v divide_v be_v saycock_n xicoco_n jamasoit_n jetsengo_n jetsegen_n quanto_fw-la and_o ochio_n saycock_n with_o the_o isle_n which_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v the_o near_a to_o china_n chicock_n be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o saycock_n the_o other_o five_o part_n be_v in_o the_o great_a island_n and_o extend_v themselves_o advance_v from_o east_n to_o west_n jamosoit_n be_v the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o all_o and_o answer_v to_o the_o 12_o kingdom_n which_o the_o king_n of_o nangato_n or_o amanguci_n have_v former_o possess_v jetsenco_n and_o jetsegen_n together_o make_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a island_n and_o apparent_o that_o which_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o tenza_n and_o contain_v 20_o other_o quanto_fw-la and_o ochio_n advance_v themselves_o from_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o straight_a of_o sangaar_n which_o divide_v japan_n from_o the_o land_n of_o jesso_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o quanto_fw-la comprehend_v 8_o kingdom_n and_o ochio_n the_o rest_n and_o in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o city_n and_o town_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o my_o geographical_a table_n but_o because_o the_o diversity_n of_o name_n of_o dayri_n or_o emperor_n of_o cube_n or_o cesar_n of_o tone_n or_o king_n prince_n duke_n etc._n etc._n may_v breed_v some_o confusion_n to_o give_v a_o more_o particular_a knowledge_n we_o will_v say_v succinct_o that_o before_o the_o year_n 1500_o there_o be_v in_o all_o japan_n only_o one_o sovereign_a which_o they_o call_v voo_n or_o dayri_n that_o be_v emperor_n the_o isle_n or_o land_n of_o jesso_n jesso_n the_o isle_n of_o jesso_n after_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n let_v we_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o the_o isle_n or_o land_n of_o jesso_n yedzo_n or_o jesso_n for_o divers_a author_n write_v its_o name_n different_o some_o call_n it_o the_o isle_n some_o the_o land_n abovesaid_a and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o japan_n in_o the_o manner_n that_o the_o english_a portugal_n and_o hollander_n deseribe_v it_o this_o land_n must_v extend_v from_o asia_n to_o america_n they_o say_v that_o from_o tessoy_fw-fr which_o be_v the_o most_o western_a point_n of_o it_o opposite_a to_o coray_n and_o near_o tartary_n advance_v towards_o the_o east_n it_o be_v 60_o day_n journey_n to_o the_o province_n of_o matzumay_n and_o that_o from_o matzumay_n unto_o the_o most_o easterly_a point_n and_o near_a america_n it_o be_v likewise_o 90_o day_n journey_n so_o that_o it_o be_v 150_o day_n journey_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o which_o after_o only_o 8_o league_n a_o day_n will_v be_v 1200_o of_o our_o league_n it_o be_v breadth_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o tessoy_n the_o straight_a of_o tessoy_n the_o straight_a of_o tessoy_n which_o separate_v this_o isle_n from_o tartary_n have_v great_a current_n cause_v by_o the_o discharge_n of_o several_a river_n which_o come_v rome_v the_o northern_a part_n and_o from_o tartary_n and_o jesso_n the_o other_o straight_o which_o separate_v it_o from_o america_n may_v in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v that_o anian_a and_o those_o two_o strait_n limit_v the_o two_o extremity_n of_o jesso_n towards_o the_o midst_n must_v be_v the_o province_n of_o matzumay_n and_o apparent_o beyond_o the_o straight_a which_o separate_v the_o isle_n of_o japan_n from_o the_o land_n of_o jesso_n and_o this_o straight_o may_v be_v call_v the_o straight_a of_o sangaar_n which_o be_v the_o utmost_a east-land_n of_o japan_n the_o traverse_n or_o traject_n of_o this_o straight_o be_v not_o above_o 10_o or_o 12_o league_n other_o say_v not_o above_o so_o many_o mile_n other_o there_o be_v affirm_v it_o no_o straight_a but_o a_o isthmus_n which_o fix_v japan_n to_o jesso_n and_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o together_o be_v but_o one_o isle_n so_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o find_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o far_o distant_a this_o isle_n or_o land_n of_o jesso_n be_v so_o great_a and_o vast_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n can_v but_o have_v different_a manner_n those_o which_o be_v near_a japan_n resemble_v the_o japanois_n those_o which_o be_v near_o tartary_n the_o tartar_n and_o those_o near_a america_n their_o neighbour_a american_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n they_o be_v more_o barbarous_a than_o all_o their_o neighbour_n inhabitant_n its_o inhabitant_n they_o be_v all_o idolater_n
the_o country_n between_o rotana_n and_o realejo_n be_v so_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a that_o its_o like_a can_v scarce_o be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n such_o quantity_n it_o produce_v of_o grain_n wine_n fruit_n honey_n wax_n sugar_n flax_n fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n silk_n etc._n etc._n and_o from_o hence_o they_o have_v their_o vine_n which_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o west_n indies_n the_o best_a of_o which_o grow_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o ramble_n there_o be_v certain_a shrub_n which_o yield_v a_o liquor_n like_o to_o milk_n which_o after_o it_o be_v thicken_v make_v a_o excellent_a gum_n call_v taybayba_n from_o the_o dragon_n tree_n cut_v towards_o the_o root_n they_o draw_v a_o red_a liquor_n which_o they_o call_v dragon_n blood_n well_o know_v to_o apothecary_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n it_o be_v principal_a city_n laguna_n so_o call_v because_o of_o the_o lake_n near_o to_o it_o be_v 4_o or_o 5_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n contain_v two_o parish_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o island_n the_o other_o city_n be_v sancta_fw-la crux_fw-la rotana_n rajalesa_n carachico_n and_o adeca_n when_o it_o be_v discover_v its_o king_n to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o dwell_v in_o cavern_n and_o the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a be_v set_v up_o about_o cave_n where_o they_o become_v as_o dry_a as_o parchment_n among_o which_o the_o most_o honourable_a have_v a_o stick_n put_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o a_o vessel_n of_o milk_n before_o they_o describe_v the_o isle_n of_o gomer_n describe_v gomer_n be_v 8_o or_o 9_o league_n from_o teneriff_n be_v 10_o or_o 12_o league_n long_o it_o be_v chief_a city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n often_o receive_v the_o indian_a fleet_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n fruit_n sugar_n and_o wine_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o teneriff_n and_o canaria_n the_o country_n be_v high_a plain_a bear_v many_o dragon-tree_n feed_v small_a cattle_n its_o road_n be_v deep_a and_o large_a the_o people_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v former_o more_o barbarous_a than_o those_o of_o the_o other_o canary_n isle_n use_v many_o strange_a custom_n not_o know_v elsewhere_o among_o which_o they_o hold_v it_o for_o a_o great_a sign_n of_o hospitality_n to_o let_v their_o friend_n lie_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o receive_v they_o in_o testimony_n or_o return_n of_o kindness_n describe_v isle_n of_o ferr_n describe_v the_o isle_n of_o ferr_n be_v the_o most_o west_n of_o all_o the_o canary_n distant_a from_o palma_n 15_o or_o 16_o league_n from_o gomer_n only_o 5_o or_o 6._o this_o isle_n in_o reason_n shall_v be_v well_o know_v many_o person_n have_v be_v there_o and_o many_o author_n treat_v very_o ample_o of_o it_o yet_o i_o will_v a_o little_a show_v the_o diversity_n find_v touch_v the_o greatness_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o also_o the_o water_n with_o which_o the_o isle_n be_v serve_v it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v call_v hierro_n seat_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n here_o be_v find_v plenty_n of_o hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n also_o of_o beast_n fowl_n fruit_n and_o quantity_n of_o grain_n and_o sugar_n cane_n and_o have_v much_o cattle_n which_o yield_v abundance_n of_o milk_n and_o cheese_n rivers_n a_o tree_n who_o leave_n destilâ—â—_n water_n which_o serve_v the_o isle_n there_o be_v no_o rain_n or_o rivers_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v no_o fresh_a water_n only_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n there_o grow_v a_o tree_n who_o leave_n be_v much_o like_o those_o of_o the_o olive_n which_o be_v always_o cover_v with_o cloud_n drop_n from_o its_o leave_n into_o a_o cistern_n which_o be_v underneath_o it_o very_o good_a water_n and_o in_o such_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o also_o all_o the_o cattle_n and_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o island_n one_o jackson_n a_o englishman_n who_o report_v to_o have_v see_v consider_v and_o measure_v this_o tree_n in_o 1618._o say_v that_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o pond_n contain_v 20000_o tun_n which_o in_o one_o night_n be_v fill_v and_o that_o from_o this_o pond_n the_o water_n be_v by_o divers_a channel_n convey_v into_o other_o pond_n or_o cistern_n through_o the_o whole_a isle_n which_o be_v very_o well_o people_v some_o say_v it_o have_v in_o it_o about_o 8000_o people_n and_o above_o 100000_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o for_o a_o island_n but_o of_o six_o league_n circuit_n be_v very_o well_o for_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o isle_n it_o can_v be_v above_o a_o league_n distant_a from_o any_o extremity_n and_o moreover_o more_o than_o 20000_o tun_n of_o water_n for_o 100000_o month_n will_v be_v a_o tun_n a_o day_n for_o every_o five_o month_n which_o be_v too_o much_o drink_v if_o they_o drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n these_o particular_n be_v contradict_v by_o other_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o these_o isle_n say_v many_o tree_n not_o one_o alone_a otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v immortal_a sanutus_n say_v that_o the_o cloud_n begin_v to_o rise_v about_o noon_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n quite_o cover_v the_o tree_n which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n destill_v water_n drop_v by_o drop_n along_o the_o trunk_n branch_n and_o leaf_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o till_o day_n other_o say_v that_o this_o water_n fall_v from_o noon_n all_o night_n until_o a_o little_a after_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v but_o most_o will_v have_v the_o cloud_n perpetual_o about_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o it_o destill_v continual_o suarez_n make_v the_o pond_n or_o cistern_n of_o not_o above_o 20_o tun_n the_o relation_n of_o 1602._o say_v two_o reserver_n each_o 20_o foot_n square_a but_o neither_o suarez_n nor_o other_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o other_o reserver_n in_o the_o isle_n but_o will_v have_v this_o water_n in_o one_o place_n alone_o whither_o all_o go_v to_o fetch_v it_o but_o let_v we_o pass_v from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o come_v to_o malta_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a but_o none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a piece_n of_o africa_n nigh_o unto_o these_o 7_o island_n call_v the_o canary_n isle_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o roco_n sancta_fw-la clara_n gratiosa_fw-la alegria_n and_o the_o two_o savage_a isle_n palma_n be_v distant_a from_o gomer_n 12_o or_o 15_o league_n to_o the_o north_n west_n it_o be_v round_o or_o oval_n and_o its_o circuit_n about_o 25_o league_n abound_v in_o corn_n wine_n sugar_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o cattle_n and_o therefore_o make_v the_o victual_v place_n of_o the_o spanish_a fleet_n that_o pass_v to_o peru_n and_o brasil_n the_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n have_v great_a confluence_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o wine_n load_v for_o the_o west-indies_n and_o other_o place_n it_o be_v best_a and_o like_a to_o malvoisie_n be_v make_v about_o brenia_n whence_o be_v take_v more_o than_o 12000_o pipe_n yearly_a also_o st._n andre_n and_o tassa_n cord_n be_v on_o the_o sea_n it_o have_v little_a corn_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o teneriff_n four_o sugar_n engine_n the_o church_n of_o palma_n and_o the_o governor_n house_n be_v esteem_v fair_a the_o island_n of_o malta_n malta_n the_o isle_n of_o malta_n the_o isle_n of_o malta_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o main_a land_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v about_o 600_o league_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o souria_n and_o 500_o from_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n this_o straight_a beginning_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o that_o coast_n end_v it_o towards_o the_o east_n likewise_o from_o malta_n to_o the_o near_a firm_a land_n of_o europe_n situation_n it_o be_v situation_n which_o be_v italy_n and_o to_o the_o near_a coast_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n in_o africa_n which_o be_v the_o coast_n of_o tunis_n and_o tripoli_n these_o bound_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n that_o on_o the_o 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which_o follow_v the_o moon_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n executioner_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o who_o alone_o they_o sacrifice_v sheep_n lamb_n rabbit_n fowl_n spice_n henbs_n habit_n priest_n their_o sacrifice_n their_o priest_n etc._n etc._n beside_o man_n and_o child_n as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o priest_n of_o this_o temple_n be_v all_o descendant_n of_o the_o ynca_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o other_o province_n it_o suffice_v that_o they_o be_v descendant_n of_o the_o privilege_a ynca_n curaca_n or_o governor_n of_o those_o province_n they_o call_v privilege_v those_o to_o who_o the_o ynca-mango-capac_a have_v communicate_v this_o title_n for_o they_o and_o their_o child_n but_o ordinary_o the_o great_a priest_n be_v uncle_n brother_n or_o one_o of_o the_o near_a kin_n to_o the_o ynca_n to_o make_v appear_v the_o riches_n in_o some_o respect_n of_o this_o temple_n temple_n the_o richness_n of_o the_o temple_n that_o which_o enclose_v the_o divers_a apartment_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n star_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o wainscotted_a with_o plate_n of_o gold_n the_o sun_n place_v on_o his_o arter_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v of_o one_o plate_n of_o gold_n much_o thick_a than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o painter_n here_o describe_v it_o viz._n a_o round_a visage_n environ_v with_o ray_n and_o flame_n at_o the_o take_n of_o cusco_n this_o piece_n or_o the_o image_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v to_o maneca_n serra_fw-mi de_fw-fr lequisano_n a_o castilian_a who_o be_v a_o great_a gamester_n lose_v it_o one_o night_n at_o play_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v say_v that_o he_o have_v play_v away_o and_o lose_v the_o sun_n in_o a_o dark_a night_n long_o before_o it_o be_v day_n on_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o king_n or_o ynca_n decease_v range_v according_a to_o their_o time_n and_o enbalm_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o appear_v live_v they_o be_v seat_v in_o throne_n of_o gold_n raise_v upon_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o and_o accommodate_v in_o degree_n or_o ascent_n the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n be_v according_a to_o the_o same_o order_n in_o the_o apartment_n and_o on_o both_o side_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o moon_n where_o all_o the_o ornament_n door_n wainscots_n throne_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o silver_n near_o this_o temple_n be_v a_o garden_n where_o the_o herb_n plant_n flower_n tree_n and_o where_o beast_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o also_o bird_n even_o to_o butterfly_n and_o fly_n be_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o so_o lively_o represent_v that_o they_o seem_v natural_a and_o there_o be_v likewise_o of_o these_o garden_n near_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ynca_n and_o near_o the_o house_n of_o the_o virgin_n vow_v to_o the_o sun_n in_o all_o the_o province_n there_o be_v temple_n of_o the_o sun_n build_v after_o the_o model_n of_o those_o of_o cusco_n but_o not_o so_o rich_a here_o the_o virgin_n that_o vow_v to_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v from_o the_o curaca_n or_o the_o fair_a in_o the_o province_n of_o these_o the_o ynca_n or_o king_n may_v make_v use_n but_o not_o of_o those_o of_o cusco_n be_v reserve_v only_o for_o the_o sun_n and_o which_o the_o ynca_n himself_o may_v not_o see_v though_o these_o ynca_n and_o their_o people_n adore_v not_o nor_o make_v any_o sacrifice_n but_o to_o the_o sun_n yet_o the_o most_o know_v among_o they_o esteem_v much_o beyond_o the_o sun_n the_o pachachamac_n that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o universe_n ynca_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ynca_n but_o who_o not_o see_v they_o content_v themselves_o to_o adore_v in_o their_o inward_a part_n they_o have_v likewise_o some_o knowledge_n of_o the_o deluge_n believe_v that_o the_o soul_n can_v not_o die_v and_o that_o the_o body_n shall_v revive_v their_o amauta_n or_o philosopher_n addict_v their_o principal_a study_n to_o the_o moral_n care_v little_a for_o the_o metaphysic_n medicine_n or_o astronomy_n yet_o observe_v the_o equinox_n the_o solstice_n and_o call_v the_o eclipse_n the_o anger_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o sickness_n or_o sleepiness_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o which_o they_o waken_v she_o by_o make_v great_a noise_n their_o poesy_n be_v on_o divers_a honest_a subject_n their_o comedy_n and_o tragedy_n on_o divers_a accident_n of_o human_a life_n or_o on_o the_o victory_n and_o triumph_n of_o their_o ynca_n or_o curaca_n but_o we_o be_v enter_v too_o far_o into_o this_o matter_n the_o ynca_n g._n de_fw-la la_fw-fr vega_n say_v that_o there_o be_v subject_a to_o many_o volume_n if_o we_o will_v recount_v all_o observable_a and_o good_a in_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o peru_n touch_v the_o order_n establish_v to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o person_n that_o be_v in_o each_o city_n and_o each_o province_n what_o be_v its_o revenue_n what_o force_n may_v be_v raise_v touch_v the_o judge_n the_o curaca_n or_o governor_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o policy_n or_o for_o the_o militia_n touch_v the_o public_a magazine_n for_o provision_n clothes_n and_o arm_n touch_v their_o ceremony_n in_o their_o sacrifice_n in_o their_o feast_n in_o their_o funeral_n pomp_n in_o their_o mourning_n a_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o king_n likewise_o in_o the_o establishment_n of_o their_o colony_n of_o their_o school_n of_o their_o post-house_n on_o great_a rod_n which_o they_o have_v build_v so_o stately_a that_o the_o roman_n have_v not_o the_o like_a menicans_n the_o spaniard_n great_a enemy_n to_o the_o menicans_n but_o as_o he_o say_v the_o best_a of_o these_o good_a law_n and_o policy_n be_v abolish_v when_o the_o spaniard_n become_v master_n of_o the_o country_n add_v that_o if_o there_o be_v barbarism_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o ynca_n after_o they_o the_o spaniard_n bring_v in_o another_o worse_o than_o the_o first_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n not_o have_v what_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n whatever_o labour_n or_o service_n they_o render_v their_o master_n who_o ought_v to_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o riches_n they_o have_v reap_v and_o may_v yet_o reap_v from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o country_n the_o ransom_n of_o atahualpa_n the_o pillage_n of_o cusco_n and_o the_o first_o incursion_n which_o the_o spaniard_n make_v into_o peru_n yield_v they_o the_o value_n of_o 20_o million_o of_o ducat_n but_o pizarre_o and_o almagre_a the_o two_o first_o spanish_a chief_n which_o conquer_v peru_n and_o put_v to_o death_n atahualpa_n and_o in_o likelihood_n guascar_n likewise_o brother_n and_o ynca_n be_v so_o blind_v with_o the_o gold_n they_o find_v and_o become_v so_o cruel_o covetous_a that_o each_o seek_v to_o have_v all_o they_o begin_v between_o themselves_o a_o unhappy_a war_n and_o in_o the_o end_n murder_v hang_v strangle_a and_o behead_v one_o another_o till_o there_o be_v not_o leave_v one_o of_o they_o their_o child_n or_o brother_n etc._n etc._n by_o which_o god_n seem_v not_o only_o to_o have_v chastise_v their_o unbridled_a ambition_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n but_o to_o revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o ynca_n they_o have_v unjust_o slay_v and_o their_o ill_a treat_v the_o indian_n fertility_n province_n of_o panuco_n and_o in_o fertility_n the_o province_n of_o panuco_n be_v 100_o league_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a divide_v by_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n into_o two_o almost_o equal_a part_n that_o which_o be_v southward_o and_o towards_o mexico_n be_v the_o most_o fertile_a and_o best_a till_v the_o other_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o florida_n be_v worse_o like_a wife_n that_o which_o approach_v the_o sea_n be_v worth_a much_o more_o than_o that_o within_o land_n the_o castilian_n have_v establish_v only_o three_o colony_n describe_v its_o colony_n and_o chief_a place_n describe_v of_o which_o st._n stevan_fw-mi del_fw-it puerto_n be_v the_o metropolis_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o 12_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o great_a town_n of_o traffic_n in_o this_o province_n build_v by_o ferdinando_n cortes_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o panuco_n once_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n till_o destroy_v by_o he_o next_o st._n jago_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la valles_n likewise_o on_o the_o same_o river_n situate_a on_o a_o open_a country_n and_o therefore_o fence_v about_o with_o a_o wall_n of_o earth_n and_o three_o st._n lewis_n de_fw-fr tempico_n seat_v on_o the_o north_n banks_n of_o the_o river_n panuco_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n these_o colony_n be_v so_o weaken_v by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o now_o knock_v one_o on_o the_o head_n and_o then_o another_o that_o the_o best_a have_v not_o above_o sixty_o native_a spantard_n an._n 1600._o they_o have_v mine_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o
del_fw-it majo_n with_o the_o southern-motion_n in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n in_o 35_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o tristian_a de_fw-fr cunha_n in_o may_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o west-wind_n rage_v and_o shipwreck_n but_o in_o 33_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n predominate_v 8._o in_o june_n and_o july_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n at_o pulon_n timor_fw-la the_o west-wind_n be_v violent_a and_o dangerous_a 9_o between_o china_n and_o japan_n many_o storm_n be_v from_o the_o new_a moon_n of_o july_n to_o the_o twelve_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n 10._o there_o if_o in_o june_n other_o wind_n blow_v beside_o the_o motion_n sometime_o from_o this_o sometime_o from_o that_o quarter_n until_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n of_o a_o certain_a a_o storm_n follow_v the_o second_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n concern_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n requisite_a to_o be_v foreknow_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n itherto_o we_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o absolute_a contemplation_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o now_o draw_v near_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v consider_v those_o property_n or_o affection_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v except_o this_o motion_n be_v evident_a the_o explication_n of_o which_o affection_n will_v with_o great_a right_n appertain_v unto_o geography_n if_o so_o be_v that_o same_o motion_n be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n now_o for_o the_o right_a knowledge_n of_o these_o affection_n these_o follow_a hypothesis_n and_o definition_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v definition_n glâ—be_n a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n term_v a_o factitious_a glâ—be_n first_o the_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v term_v a_o factitious_a globe_n from_o who_o superficies_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o their_o situation_n aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d present_v as_o they_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o the_o earth_n itself_o according_a â—o_o the_o proportion_n of_o this_o superficies_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v a_o map_n a_o plain_a figure_n and_o of_o what_o line_n it_o consist_v a_o map_n or_o geographical_a card_n be_v a_o plain_a figure_n in_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a superficies_n be_v represent_v and_o this_o again_o be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a the_o first_o exhibit_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o some_o one_o or_o other_o region_n some_o map_n consist_v of_o strait_a line_n and_o other_o of_o crooked_a these_o of_o straight_o be_v such_o in_o which_o the_o periphery_n or_o circumference_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a circle_n be_v represent_v by_o right_a line_n the_o other_o in_o which_o the_o same_o periphery_n be_v exhibit_v by_o crooked_a line_n but_o as_o for_o the_o composure_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v take_v a_o occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o book_n by_o reason_n the_o same_o can_v be_v understand_v before_o the_o doctrine_n which_o we_o now_o handle_v be_v well_o apprehend_v earth_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o point_n diametrical_o opposite_a in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o which_o remain_v immovable_a in_o the_o diurnal_a circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o which_o be_v subject_v unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o apparent_a quotidian_n motion_n of_o the_o star_n but_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o diameter_n conjoin_v the_o pole_n or_o thus_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n or_o earth_n itself_o be_v perfect_v now_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o that_o pole_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o constellation_n term_v the_o bear_n be_v call_v the_o arctic_a septentrional_n or_o northern_a pole_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o antarctic_a or_o southern_a pole_n these_o be_v by_o more_o facility_n explain_v by_o a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n than_o by_o word_n if_o the_o former_a be_v wheel_v round_o those_o two_o immovable_a point_n will_v appear_v which_o be_v the_o pole_n and_o the_o diameter_n imaginarily_o draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o axis_n line_n the_o aequator_fw-la or_o aequinoctial_a line_n three_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o pole_n or_o who_o pole_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n and_o that_o by_o mariner_n all_o the_o star_n in_o their_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v periphery_n equidistant_a or_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la wherefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o rule_n of_o diurnal_a motion_n parallel_n parallel_n four_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v lesser_a periphery_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o a_o artificial_a globe_n the_o aequator_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o its_o magnitude_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o its_o name_n be_v ascribe_v and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n the_o parallel_n be_v also_o conspicuous_a which_o be_v likewise_o term_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n map_n of_o map_n these_o may_v also_o be_v show_v in_o geographical_a map_n that_o be_v universal_a indeed_o in_o map_n of_o right_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o extremity_n of_o every_o meridian_n be_v the_o pole_n but_o in_o map_n consist_v of_o crooked_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v those_o point_n in_o which_o the_o crooked_a line_n do_v meet_v the_o aequator_fw-la be_v transverse_a in_o both_o kind_n of_o map_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o and_o have_v a_o great_a latitude_n than_o the_o other_o line_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v a_o strait_a line_n although_o in_o the_o particular_a map_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v make_v crooked_a the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o strait-lined_n map_n be_v strait-lâ—â—â—s_a and_o in_o crooked-lined_n map_n they_o be_v crooked_a ecliptic_a the_o ecliptic_a five_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v in_o his_o annual_a motion_n in_o truth_n it_o exi_v not_o in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a use_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n tropic_n the_o tropic_n six_o the_o tropic_n be_v two_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n as_o the_o great_a recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n or_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v that_o which_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n arctic_a the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o southern_a pole_n circle_n the_o polary_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o map_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v note_v by_o a_o double_a periphery_n and_o the_o same_o appellation_n be_v ascribe_v the_o polary_a circle_n be_v two_o parallel_n so_o call_v whereof_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o from_o the_o antarctic_a so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o his_o great_a recess_n and_o the_o first_o be_v term_v the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o the_o antarctic_a the_o circle_n hitherto_o explain_v do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a place_n such_o as_o the_o follow_a do_v which_o in_o divers_a place_n be_v various_a and_o different_a meridian_n the_o meridian_n seven_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o line_n so_o term_v which_o pass_v through_o that_o place_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v the_o meridies_n be_v in_o that_o place_n now_o the_o meridies_n be_v that_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n which_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o