and such Feasts were called by the name of Vigills and observed with no lesse reverence then the Fast of Lent This remedy was provided after St. Hieromes time which dyed the year of our Lord 422 when Bonifacius the second was Bishop of the See of Rome The like custome was also observed among the Aegyptians which on the Evens of their high feasts fasted and after they had slept they offered a Cow all such night Sacrifices and observances for like causes were by a perpetuall Law in Greece abrogated by Diagundas a Thebane The Fast of Wednesday and Friday was commanded by the Fathers because on the one day Christ was Crucified and on the Wednesday Judas purposed in his mind to bewray him as Apollonius the Eloquent Oratour supposed Silvester the first Bishop of Rome abhorring the memorial of the vain Gentile gods decreed that the dayes of the Week which had before the names and Titles of the Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus and Saturn should be called the first second third fourth fifth sixth and Seventh Ferie as the Jews counted their dayes from the Sabbath day He did also call the first Ferie Dominicus Dies that we name Sunday and called Saturday Sabbatum of the old holy day and rest of the Hebrews all these things were done at the Suit of Constantine then Emperour Albeit the Apostles before that time had consecrated the Sunday to the Lord because that day he rose from death and the Jews Sabbath was turned into it as may appear by the decree of Pius that ordained the Easter to be kept on the Sunday and therefore I think Silvester did but onely renew the same Act of the Sunday It was the invention of the Egyptians that the dayes were first named after the 7 Planets as Diodorus recordeth Saint Gregory was the Author that neither flesh nor any thing that hath affinity with it as Cheese Milk Butter Eggs should be eaten on such dayes as were fasted We have also a manner and usage of hallowing the Table and meat before we be set that began of the imitation of Christ which used the same fashion over the five loaves in the Wildernesse and at Emaus also he did likewise consecrate the Table in the presence of his Disciples so was the form of saying Grace after Supper taken likewise of the custome that Christ commonly kept at his Suppers The manner to read a part of the Bible at dinner time hath been of long continuance and did proceed of the Godly doctrine that Christ instructed his Disciples in at all times but namely at his last Supper wherein he treated of the perfection of all the Mysteries of our Religion And thus our fathers to keep in memory such an wholesome institution did bring in this manner of reading the Scripture at meat or meal-time CHAP. V. The original of holy-dayes Paschal Candles Birth-dayes LIke as the Jews had in their Law which was but onely a shadow of things to come holy-dayes appointed for the execution of the mysteries of their Religion whom they in one general term named Sabbath-dayes of the rest and vacation that they had from bodily labours semblably our fathers have ordained Feastival dayes in the Nâ—w Testament wherein Christian men all prophane businesses and evil matters laid apart might whol'y apply themselves to godly and spiritual meditations As the perusing and reading of Scriptures hearing of devout Sermons rendring honour to God by sacrificing praying and well doing be works fit and convenient for the holy-day and also reverencing the memorial of Saints on such dayes as be assigned to that purpose is on the holy day laudable For Oblation is onely due to God as Paul and Barnabas did openly testifie at Listra For when he had commanded by the power of the Word of God that the man which was lame from his Mothers womb should arise and walk the people for wonder and marvail of the Miracle would have done sacrifice to them but they renting their cloathes departed out of the press and with sharp words rebuked their enterprise as a thing unmeet to be done to any mortal man or worldly creature First of all the Feast of Easter was instituted by the Apostles and prescribed by Pius the First to be solemnized on the Sunday Afterward Victor that was Bishop of Rome about the 196th year of our Lord decreed That it should be kept and celebrated on the Sunday from the fourteenth day of the first moneth that was March untill the 22 of the same lest our order and account should agree with the Jews which kept it somewhat sooner then that appointment speaketh of albeit many forraign Bishops at the first refused that Constitution because they thought it not amiss to keep that Feast after the president of Saint John the Apostle who renewed the Rite of the Jews in the Feast of Easter The custome of hallowing Paschall Candles on Easter Eve was commanded by Zozinus to be frequented in every Church The manner of keeping holy the birth-day of every man was much used in Rome albeit the Persians had that usage before them For there it is the fashion that every man after his ability should with observance of dainty feasts worship the day of their birth and of them the Romans received that superstition CHAP. VI. Of the Institution of Holy-dayes and Canonizing AS you have heard that Saint John the Apostle did celebrate the Feast of Easter even so the other Apostles as it is said were authours not onely of the same Easter-Feast but also ordained That those dayes wherein our Saviour had done any mystery concerning our salvation or information should be kept holy and to the intent they might be more reverenced of their posterity they themselves kept them during their lives very devoutly as the Sundayes Advent the Nativity Circumcision and Epiphany of our Lord the Purification of our Lady called Candlemas Lent Palm-Sunday Maunday-Thursday when Christ after Supper washed his Disciples Feet Good-Friday Easter the Ascension and Whitsunday the Feast of Pentecost was before used of the Hebrews For fifty dayes after that the Lamb was sacrificed in Egypt the Law written by the hands of God was given by Moses in the Mount Oreb in the wilderness of Sinai And 50 dayes after the death of Christ who like a Lamb was offered of the Jews for our Paschal the Apostles received the law of the Spirit The Feast of transfiguration came also of the Jews for like as Moses his face was transposed into a perfect brightness after he had communed with God in the Mount so now after the shadow and vail were taken away by Christ his coming it pleased God to shew to his disciples his transfiguration as a declaration of the shadow past and a figure or signification of the Immortality to come In consideration whereof the holy fathers perceiving the use of such holy-dayes confirmed and ratified them by a
kinds of administration of the Common-wealth The Emperial ornaments of the Kings of Rome as fardels of rods the ax the garland of gold the Chair of Ivory the Kyrtil or Cope Chatioâ— trapped-Horses Rings Coat-Armours Robes Mantles of Estate Embroidered Gowns with garments of Baudkyn or Motley with all other Royal Apparrell began among the Tuscanes which Tarquinius Prisons subdued and used these first by the permission and licence of the Senate The 12 Lictours or Sergeants Romulus first appointed after the manner of the 12 Nations of the Hetrurians whom he conquered which gave to every of their kinds when he was crowned a Lictour or Sergeant whose duty was to wait on the Magistrates and bear the Rods and Axe of Execution The rods as Pliny writeth were of birch The institution of Taxes or numbring the people Servius Tullius King began in Rome first but Moses long before that time numbred the Israelites and therefore the first Tax Subsidy or Tribute was ordained by Moses among the Hebrews and the counting of the number of the people Prisons Fetters Stocks Gyves Staves with like instruments to punish malefactors Ancus Martius as Livy saith did first appoint them to keep men in fear and good order CHAP. IV. Who ordered the Year the diversity of it Moneths Noxes Ides Kalends and Prime HErodotus writeth that the Egyptians first found out the year by the course of the Planets and devided it into twelve Moneths Diodorus assigneth it to the Thebanes which standeth with the opinion of Herodotus because the Thebanes be a nation of Egypt and Egypt was sometimes named Thebe Servius saith that Eudoxus found it first and after him Hipparchus Laertius ascribes it to Thales a Milesian which as he testifieth first perceived the seasons and times of the year and parted it into 365 dayes but that was onely among the Grecians Josephus witnesseth that the year was devised by the Hebrews in Aegypt before Noahs floud There be divers fashions of dividing the year The Archadians finished their year in three Moneths the Carians and Acarnans in six Moneths there was a year that consisted in 30. dayes which was counted by the change of the Moon there was also the great year that ended when all the Planets returned into one point or Line and after the mind of Cicero it conteined 12954. years of the Sun Josephus in his Antiquity saith it contained but six hundred years The other Grecians numbred the full year with 353 dayes Romulus first divided the year into ten Moneths whereof March that he named of his father was first April the second had that name of Venus because she was born of the froth of the Sea which is called Aphros May of the Antient men June of the young men the other he named in their order and number as Quintilis Sextilis September October November December Albeit afterward Quintilis was called Julius in honour of Julius Caesar and Sextilis was changed into Augustus for the memoriall of the Emperour Augustus Caesar Notwithstanding forasmuch as this year which Romulus ordered did neither agree to the course of the Sun nor changes of the adding Moon Numa applyed it to the course of the Moon by adding 56. dayes whereof he made two Moneths the one he named January of Janus the first king of the Latins the other February of their god Februus Afterward Numa supposing God to be delighted with odd numbers gave to January Aprill June August September November December twenty nine dayes To March May Quintilis and Sextilis that is July and October thirty one dayes and to February twenty eight dayes Last of all Julius Caesar put to the whole year ten dayes and six hours whereof he added to these Moneths January August and December every of them two dayes and to April June September and November he gave to each of them one day In this manner Julius Caesar accomplished the year perfectly according to the course of the Sun and the six hours every four years amounteth to one day which causeth Leap-Year as we call it in Latine it is named Bissextus because every fourth year we count twice the sixth Calends of March. The Moneths have their name because they measure the course of the Moon Thus the year hath twelve Moneths whereof Aprill June September and November have thirty dayes all the rest hath one and thirty dayes saving February which hath but twenty eight In the year be 52 weeks and a day There be 365 dayes and six hours The Calends Nones Ides have their appellations of the manner of the reckonning of the Romans The first dayes were named Kalends from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to call for at every change of the Moon the chief Ruler of the Sacrifices called Rex sacrificulus assembled all them of the Country of Rome in the Capitoll and shewed them their Festivall dayes and what it was lawfull to do that Moneth The Nones had that name because they were the ninth day from the Ides which Ides be the mid-dayes of every Moneth and had their appellation of the Hetrusians Term iduare that signifieth to devide in the middle This fashion of counting the Moneths endured to the 450 year of the City and was kept secret among the Bishops of their Religion till the time that C. Flavius P. Sulpitius Avarrio and P. Sempronicus Sophilongus then being Consulls against the mind of the Senators disclosed all their solemn feats published them in a Table that every one might have perseverance of them The Prime whereby we find the Conjunction of the Moon and all moveable Feasts as Lent Easter Whitsonday and such like was invented by the great Clark Saint Bernard or of Julius Caesar as appeareth in the tenth book De divinis officiis CHAP. V. Who ordeyned the hours dyals and Clocks deviding the day and night HOurs which being in number 24 accomplish the space of a day and night were so named of the Sun which in the Egyptians language is called Horus They at the first were appointed but 12. For Hâ—rmes Trismegistus perceiving a certain beast consecrated to their god Serapis to make water or pisse twelve times in the day at equall distance supposed that the day ought to be devided into twelve hours This number did continue long but afterward the day was divided into 24 hours Anaximenes a Milesian found in Lacedemonia the first Dial that declared the hours by the shadow of the Gnomon It was long before they were used in Rome for as Pliny writeth in the 12 Tables there was onely rehearsed the rising and going down of the Sun and a few years after Noon or Midday was added which the Beadle or common Crier did denounce This was onely on clear dayes when they might perceive the course and altitude of the Sun The first Diall was set up on a Pillar openly which stood behind the common Pulpit or bar called rostra at the cost of M. Valerius Messala then Consul
in the first Punick battel The water-Dial was used first in Rome by P. Scipio Nasica the 900th year of the City to divide the hours of the day and night Albeit it was invented by Cresibins of Alexandria Afterwards Clocks made of Metall were invented by subtil wits and sand-Dials were made whose Authors be yet unknown In some places the Clocks strike 24 hourâ— by order in other some as in the Well parts of the World it smiteth twice in the day In such order that the 12th hour is at noon and at midnight The dayes which be reckoned diversly in several nations began in Egypt where the year and Moneths were also devised they take all the space from midnight to midnight for one day and the Romanâ— used the same manner For the Sun-rising is the beginning of all affairs and functions the night is a time of Counselling they had also assigned to every hour a sundry Ministry as Martial in his Epigram declareth The day was devided in sundry wise That every hour had a several office The two first served for salutation The third for Lawyers alteration Two next were spent in labour diversly The sixt men might themselves rest quietly The seventh of Works was a resolution The Eighth was for wrestlers and in Conclusion The ninth was limitted for Mens repast And so for the other of time was made no waste The Babylonians called the space between the Sun risings a day the Athenians named all that was between the goings down a day The Vmbrians count their day from noon to noon but commonly from morning till night is called a day The night was devided into four watches whereof every one as Hierome witnesseth contained three hours CHAP. VI. Who set forth Books first or made a Library Printing Paper Parchment or Art of Memory BOoks which contain the Monuments of ingenuous wits and a Register of all Valiant prowesse as Laeâ—tius thinketh were first published 〈◊〉 Greece Gellius saith it was Pisistratâ—â— that made the first book and exhibitâ— it to be read openly Yet Josephus deâ—clareth that the Hebrews and Priests 〈◊〉 Egypt and Chaldee set forth Books first The Athenians multiplyed the number of Books which Xerxes carryeâ— from thence into Persia and Seleuoâ— king of Macedony caused them manâ— years after to be conveighed to Athenâ— again After that Ptolomeus King oâ— Egypt gathered together 700000 books which were all burnt at the battell oâ— Alexandria Neverthelesse Strabâ— recordeth that Aristotle did institute the first Library and left it to Theophrastus his Disciple and taught the Kings of Aegypt how they should order their Library Theophrastus left it to Melus and of him Seepsis received it There was also a very antient Library at Pergamus In Rome Asinius Pollio had the first Library which was the occasion that good wits employed great study in learning to the ample furtherance and commodity of that Common-wealth There be at this day many in Italy but the most famous is the Library which Frederick Feltrius Duke of Vrbine did cause to be edified Truely the commodity of Libraries is very profitable and necessary but in comparison of the Art of Printing it is nothing both because one man may Print more in one day then many men in many years could write And also it preserveth both Greek and Latine Authors from the danger of corruption It was found in Germany at Mogunce by one J. Cuthembergus a Knight he found moreover the Ink by his devise that Printers use sixteen years after Printing was found which was the year of our Lord 1458 one Conradus an Almain brought it into Rome and Nicholas Johnson a Frenchman did greatly polish and garnish it And now it is dispersed through most parts of the World Before the use of Paper men used to write in leaves of Date-Trees and sometimes on the bark of Trees Afterward they wrote the publique writings in plates or sheets of Lead and their private matters in Tables and wax for tables as Homer testifieth were before the siege of Troy Paper was devised by King Alexander as Varro affirmeth it was made of a kind of fenny Rushes that grew in the marish grounds of Egypt But Pliny saith it was used in the time of King Numaâ— that reigned 300 years before Alexander and his books which were found in a chest of stone in a field by L. Pitilius a Scribe were written in Paper In processe of time paper that we use now was invented it is made of linnen cloath beaten together in Mills for that use Parchment as Varro witnesseth was found in Pergamus albeit Jewish Historians as Josephus sheweth used Parchment they wrote also in Goats in s and sheep-skins in old time as Herodotus declareth There be divers manner of Papers as Paper-royall Paper-demy blotting paper marchants paper The usage of writing by characters is very ancient and was found by Tyrotullius Freman as Eusebius supposeth and Julius Caesar used it much in secret and privy Counsels The Art of Memory was found by Simonides in Thessaly For when he was invited to a banquet at a Nobleman's house called Scopa it chanced that he was sent for to speak with two young men at the gate and straightway the Banquetting-house fell and destroyed all the guests Then he because he remembred in what order and place every one sate delivered every man his friend to be buried By that fact both he perceived the order of the Art of Memory and what commodity came to the remembrance of man by such an Art Cyrus King of Persia excelled in Memory which could call every man in his Army by name Cyneas the Embassadour of Pyrrhus the day after he came to Rome saluted every order of Nobles by their proper names Mithridates could speak 22 Languages Julius Caesar could write read endite and hear a tale all at once Adrianus the Emperour could do the same CHAP. VII The beginning of War with other things concerning the same CHivalry wherein is declared the manly courage of noble Captains was devised as Tully saith by Pallas the manner of War as Diodorus thinketh was invented by Mars But Josephus telleth that Tubulcain which was before the floud did first practise feats of Arms whereby it appeareth that the use of Wars is of great antiquity but it is uncertain who was the first Warriour Before the finding out of Weapons men used to fight with their fists seet and biting And thus began battel as Lucretius writeth Hands and feet tooth nail Were first Weapons in battail Afterward they began to fight with Staves and Clubs And therefore they assign to Hercules a staff and a Lyons skin For men in the beginning used staves to revenge their injuries and quarrels and covered their bodies with skins of wild beasts instead of Armour Palamedes ordered and set men first in array appointed Watches and Warding to be kept and Watch-words in the battle of
her tail Minos made the first battel on the Sea Merchandise was first instituted to furnish men with necessaries by way of exchange but after when Money was coined it was occupied more for mens private wealth then for any common profit and for that cause Cicero calleth it a vile and servile craft Albeit Plutarch witnesseth that Thales Solon Hippocrates and Plato frequented this Art The Carthaginians found it as Pliny writeth in the 7th book but Diodorus saith it was Mercury that found it And Pliny in his tenth Book saith that Liber otherwise called Dionysius invented the Trade of Merchandise and therefore it is to be thought that the Carthaginians learned the Trade of Merchandise of Dionysius But the Hebrews as Josephus witnesseth used buying and selling in the time of Noah and Joseph was sold to Merchants and carried into Egypt The Lydians were first Mercers and carriers abroad of stuff as Factors Pedlers and Brokers do with us CHAP. XII Who Instituted Stews Dying of Hair Barbers with other things VEnus which was begotten of the froth of the Sea as Poets feign was a common Harlot and brothel of her body and had many Children by sundry men as by Mars she had Harmonia by Mercury Hermaphroditus by Jupiter Cupido by Anchises Aeneas And because she alone would not seem to be a whore she ordained in Cyprus that women should prostitute themselvs for money to all that came And Justine telleth that the manner of the Maids of Cyprus was to get their marriage doâ—er by such filthy baudry And to help further the matter one Melampus brought out of Egypt into Greece the rites of Bacchus's sacrifices wherein men use to company dissolutely with women in the night in such wise that it is a shame for Christian men to speak of much like our Shews or Dances called Masks in England and Bone-fires as they be used in some parts of the Realm But Spu. Posthumius Albinus and Q. Martius abolished those Feasts I would all Masks and Bone-fires were likewise banished from among us Christians Yet common Women were long before Venus's time For it appears in Genesis that Judah son to Jacob medled with Thamar his daughter in law because he supposed she had been a whore by reason of her apparrel But to let that pass yet it is pity to see among Christian men Stews and baudry maintained as though it were for a common-weal and honourable Matrimony so neglected and polluted without any fear of God This is a doctrine of the Devil if there be any In Moses laws an advoutrer was stoned to death and in Greece in Rome and in Arabia and divers other Countries he was punished by death yet among Christians it reigneth unpunished God will strike once for all therefore let the Ministers of the Law provide a godly remedy I would wish that women would follow the Pagan Lucretia or Hebrew Susanna and men Joseph Medea found the dying and colouring of hair and our women of England have not forgotten it with other enormities wherein some of the Physicians be greatly too blame that teach such things to that frail creature They be ashamed of Gods Creation and handy-work in themselves or else they would not amend it Barbers to shave and round were instituted by the Abantes because their enemies in war should have no occasion to pluck them by the hair P. Ticinius Mena brought them into Rome the 354th year after the building of the City before they were unshaven Africaâ—â—s was wont to be shaven every day There be many other things whose Authors for Antiquity cannot be known and some because of the negligence of men that will not write such things No man can tell who began Clocks Bells the Ship-man's Compass Gowns Stirrops Caps or Bonnets â—o that is but newly invented because in old time men weâ—â— baâ—e-headed Water-Mills Organs and Claricymbals Tallow-Candles reclaiming of Hawks Rings with many others which for the antienty or over-sight of men be in extream oblivion Atheneus in his fourth book saith That Ctesibius a Barber of Alexandria found out the Organs and bringeth the testimony of Aristotle The End of the Third Book Polidore Virgil. The Fourth BOOK CHAP. I. The beginning and encrease of Christian Religion THe Christian Religion wherein onely resteâ— the whole hope of oâ— salvation began of thâ— Hebrews who were so named of Heber and lived very devoutly before there waâ— any law written onely by a natural inclination excited to perform justice and truth The first that called on the name of God was Enos then Enoch and Noe. after them Abraham Isaac and Jacob who because he had seen God was named Israel and of him the Hebrews were surnamed Israelites Of the issue and Lineage of his twelve Sons there came twelve Tribes or Generations of Jews every Tribe bearing the name of one of them Job also was a perfect godly man and Joseph was a mirrour of chastity To these men the Will Promises and Revelations of God were shewed first Notwithstanding they did not long persevere in that perfect innocency of living but partly for their corruptible nature prone to vice and partly by reason of the acquaintance that they had with the Egyptians a kind of people very superstitious and much given to Idolatry they fell from their purity into such extream blindnesse of heart ignorance of God and idolatry that they differed in nothing from the Gentiles and Heathen But God as he is mercifull and long suffering 205 years after that Israel came into Egypt and 430 years after Abrahams going thither delivered them out of the thraldome and bondage that they were in by the valiant Captain Moses and brought them through the red Sea and Wildernesse into the land of promise the fruitfull land of Canaan yeâ— they unkindly forgat all those benefitâ— and returned to their old wretchednesse and sinfull abominations Last of all God considering that neither law of nature nor Law written nor his great benefits nor preaching of his sundry Prophets whom they most cruelly murthered could turn them from their stif-necked and stubborn obstinacy To shew all kindnesse possible sent his onely begotten Son equal to him in essential power to be incarnate of a pure maid that at the last they might by this example and Preaching have an obedienâ— heart towards their Creatour which was born the year of the World 4997 and and the 41 year of the reign of Augustus Caesar of the Virgin Mary to be our Saviour and intercessour for us before the Judgment Seat of the Father as his name Jesus doth portend unto us He by his example teaching and miracles shewed the path of salvation but they enviously did persecute him to the vile deaâ—h of the Crosse neverthelesse by his divine power he arose the third day in the 18â—h year of Tiberius the Emperour his reign and after 40 dayes he ascended to the right hand of God leaving power and
Authority with his Apostles to establish the Common-wealth and Religion of Christians and the 10th day after his Ascention he sent the Holy Ghost into their hearts to strengthen and teach them all truth This was 33 years and 3 moneths after his Incarnation Thus our Religion had its original and the Apostles by their preaching amplified and enlarged it very much For Peter first preaching to the Jews in Jerusalem of the cruel murther that they had committed against Christ Jesus converted and baptised in one day 3000 men and Women And by the miracle of healing the lame man at the beautifull gate of the Temple he stayed and confirmed them strongly in the Faith albeit he suffered persecution greatly for the same And Stephen for his faithfull testimony was stoned to death Philip converted and baptised the Samaritanes and a certain Eunuch of Candaces Queen of Ethiopia the Eunuch turned the Queen with her family and a great part of that Countrey to the faith of Christ After in Antioch the faithfull named themselves Christians Thomas preached to the Parthianâ— Matthew in Ethiopia Bartholomew in s India Andrew in Scythia John in Asia Peter in Galatia Pontus Cappadoâ—ia Peter was born in Bethsaida a City of Galilee and brother to Andrew He was Bishop of Antioch seven years and converted many people of Asia and after went to Rome in the time of Claudius and there preached the Gospel with great increase At the same time Mary the Virgin and Mother of 〈◊〉 Saviour Jesus Christ did change her life which was the year of our salvation 47 Not long after Paul being converted from his phantasticall Traditions to a Preacher of Christ's Gospel was brought to Rome where he preached boldly the Gospel notwithstanding the great persecutions that he suffered for it and afterward suffered death by the way of beheading at the commandement of Nero the same day that Peter was crucified on a Crosse Thus daily the Congregation of Christians encreased more and more as the Acts of the Apostles and other Histories do declare it fully Albeit there was great trouble and persecution in every place yet God by his power contrary to their expectation turned their cruelty to the furtherance of his Word confirmation of the faithfull and confusion of them that used tyranny CHAP. II. The Institution of Circumcision and Baptism GOD which had made promise to Abraham that he should be father of many Nations and that all the world should be blessed in his seed that is Christ willing to stay his faith in the same promise appointed the Covenant of Circumcision between him and Abraham saying Every male shall be circumcised and the flesh of his fore-skin shall be cut round about for a sign of the League and Confederacy that I make with thee Upon this Commandement Abraham then being 99 years of age did cut his foreskin and his son Ismael's being then 12 years old whom he begat of Hagar his bond-maid and all his servants For this cause as S. Cyprian saith that he might have the first fruits of the blood which should afterward shed his holy blood for the redemption of many yea of all that believe in him The fashion of it was to cut the fore-skin of a man's yard with a knife of stone as God commanded Joshua that he should make knives of stone to circumcise all the Israelites the second time and Moses did circumcise his children with a sharp stone Chrysostome calleth Circumcision the first and most ancient Commandement for there is no Nation that gave any precepts or rules to live by before Abraham or Moses and therefore it is to be supposed that other Countries took example at the Hebrews to circumcise their Children as the Phoenicians and Arabians the Saracens the Ethiopians the Egyptians and the Colchians This Circumcision of the flesh was a figure to us of the circumcision of the heart and casting away of all superfluous lusts carnal desires and importeth a moderation and mortifying of the affects and concupisceâ—ces of the old Adam I mean the sinful body he that had not this sign was banished out of the number of the people of God and had no part in the promises made to Abraham Baptism wherein is left to us a signification both of the mortification of the flesh and dying to the World that we may walk in a new life and also of the washing away of our sins by Christ's blood and is the token that we be of the body of the Congregation of the faithful was instituted by Saint John son of Zachasry the 15th year of the Emperour Tiberius his reign in the Wilderness beside the famous River of Jordan where he baptized much people This baptism and washing was in the water to ssignifie the washing away of our sins that should be by Christ which baptized in the Holy Ghost and fire There were signs of Baptism in the old Law as the Cloud the Red-Sea the River of Jordan The first that was christned of the Heathen was Cornelius of Caesaria and the Eunuch of Queen Candaces Christening of Infants was instituted among us as Circumcision of children was of the Jews celebrated the eighth day Iginius Bishop of Rome ordained first that children which should be Christened should have a godfather and a godmother for to be witnesse of the Sacrament that it was received And Victor Bishop there did institute the one might be christened either by a lay-man or woman in time of necessity because Infants were often in dangeâ— There be three manner of Baptisms as Cyprian divideth it One in water whereof John was author another in the Holy Ghost and fire whereof Christ was Institutor the third in blood wherein the children that Herod slew were christened It was also the manner in old time that they which were grown in age should be baptized in white apparrel and that was wont to be at Easter or Whit-sunday onely necessity constrained otherwise In the mean time till those dayes came they were taught the mysteries of the Religion of Christ which they should professe Of that custome I suppose the 7th Sunday after Easter is called the White-Sunday CHAP. III. Of the Priesthood of the Hebrews and degrees of the same LIke as in the Christian Common-wealth there be two sorts of men one called the Laytie to whom appertaineth the ministration of the publike weal and all temporal affairs the other is the Clergy to whom belongeth the cure and charge of ministring the Word of God Sacraments and other decent ceremonies so in the old Law of the Hebrews there were two jurisdictions one of them was Captains and Governours of the Commons the other was the Priesthood that did offer up the sacrifices and other oblations Of this degree of Priests Aaron and his sons were the first ordained and consecrated by Moses at the Commandement of God The manner and fashion
Decree made in the Council had at Lions in France and furthermore commanded that such dayes as either the holy Saints departed this life or else wrought any miracle or did any notable deed to the encrease of our Reâ—igion should be kept holy because Christians might have more opportunity to hear the Word of God and more devoutly serve him in an uniform order Then were instituted the Feasts of Saint Stephen Innocents Sylvester John Baptist the Apostles dayes Conversion of Paul our Lady-dayes Laurence Michael Martine and generally of Al Saints which was the constitution of Bonifacius the fourth For he caused that the Temple which Marcus Agrippae did edifie in honour of all the Romans Idols as the name Pantheon doth pretend was by the license of Phocas then Emperour turned into the Church of All-hallows and consecrated the 12th day of May and Gregory the fourth afterward willed it to be kept the first day of November The Feasts of the Invention and Exaltation of the Cross and Corpus Christi day were dedicated by Urban the fourth and pronounced for holy-dayes Sylvester at the suit and instance of the Emperour Constantine assigned the day of ad vincula Sancti Petri called commonly Lammas in memorial of Peter's pains persecution and punishment that he suffered for Religion Felix the first to magnifie the glorious commendation of Martyrs made a Statute that a yearly oblation should be had in memorial of them and Gregory would that Masse should be said over their bodies which thing Vigilantius thought worthy to be rejected and refused albeit the report goeth that Anacletus was of this constitution the first Authour The same Felix instituted first That the day whereon any Temple was dedicated should be hallowed of that Village or Town and made also a law That such Churches as men doubted of whether they were consecrated or no should be hallowed again And Felix the fourth did ordain That Bishops onely should dedicate them and that the same dedicated day should be kept holy yearly afterward The fashion to deify men that had done any benefits to the Common-wealth is one of the most ancient usages that I read of For antiquity even from the beginning was accustomed to make gods of their Kings which either by abundance of benefits or notable qualities and prowess had won the hearts of their Commons And specially the Romans did that with great pomp and many observances as I did declare before in the third book out of Herodian Of them our Bishops learned as by a pattern their rite of canonizing Saints and the yearly sacrifices that Gregory and Felix appointed concerned nothing else but to declare that those Martyrs were Saints and of the houshold of God Last of all Alexander the third ordained That no such divine solemnity should be given to any man openly without he were canonized and admitted to be a Saint by the Bishop of Rome his Bull because no man should choose himself any private Saint or commit any peculiar Idolatry CHAP. VII Institution of years dayes or Obites and the manner of mourning FUneral exequies that be done over dead bodies were the institution of Pelagius Albeit Isidorus ascribeth the original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use in this time Ambrose supposeth that it proceeded of the custome of the Hebrews which lamented Jacob fourty dayes and Moses the space of thirty dayes for that time is sufficient for the wise to weep in It was also the usage of antient Romanes to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the infernal gods for the dead and did inhibite that a child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more Moneths then he had lived years But commonly the longest time of a Widows mourning was but ten Months and if any were married within the space again it was counted a great reproach wherefore Numa ordained that such as had mourned up before the day limitted should offer a Cow that was great with Calf for an expiation Neverthelesse if that rite were used now a dayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that marry within the time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their mourning layed a part all Purple Gold and sumptuous apparel and were cloathed both they and their Kinsfolk in white apparel like as then the dead body was wrapped in white cloths The white colour was thought fittest for the dead because it is clear pure and sincere and least defiled and when the time of their weeping was expired they put on their other vestures Of this Ceremony as I take it the French Queens took occasion after the death of their Husbands the Kings to wear onely white cloathing and if there be any such Widdow she is commonly called the white Queen The Jews ended their mourning after thirty days and Englishmen keep the same Rite Their mourning garments for the most part be altogether of black colour and they use to wear them a whole year continually unlesse it be because of a generall Triumph or rejoycing or new Magistrate choosing or else when they be towards Marriage But the custome of mourning is no other thing then meer superstition specially if women or men have a louring look and a laughing heart For all such lamentation helpeth nothing the dead Corps or Soul of the deceased and disquieteth sore the living The manner of washing dead bodies and specially of Noble men and anointing them was received of our Ancestry which used to wash the bodies of the dead and it was the office of them that were nearest of his Kinred to do it Soul-Masse day that is the second day of November was begun by Odilo that was Provost or Provinciall of the Monks of Cluniacenses order upon the occasion that he heard about Aetna the burning Mountain of Sicily oftentimes great weeping lamentation and crying which he supposed to be the yelling of evill spirits that bewailed because the Souls of dead men were taken from them by the petitions and sacrifices of well disposed Christians therefore he perswaded his covent in the time of John Bishop of Rome to make a general obite of all Souls the day next after the Feast of all Saints About the year of onâ— Lord 1002 our fathers received it as a godly institution full of pitiful charity and thus by processe of this Monks supposition sprung much vain superstition CHAP. VIII Of the seventh day thirtieth day old manner of burial hallowing Chalices Priests Garments with other things HOratius the Poet and Servius write that the Romans used câ—stomably the ninth day after the burial to renew the sacrifices and solemn rites of the funeral which they named in Latine Novem-diales of this we in our Religion have gathered the fashion of keeping the seventh day with Exsequies and other ordinary oblations And in England the
custome is to keep the 30th day or moneth-end with like Obites as were done on the burial dayes Or else it might seem that this keeping of the seventh day was brought up after the same sort among us as in marriages they used in old time to renew their voâ—s the 7th day For like as that day was the solemn beginning of encreasing the issue of mankind so the same day of burial is or should be the compleat finishing and end of every thing The Massilians in France passed and spent the dayes of their burials with private oblations and feasting of their kinsfolk without any manner of lamentation or sorrow which thing the English-men at this day use commonly to do In burials the old rite was that the dead corpse was born before and the people followed after as one should say We shall dye and follow after him as their last words to the Coarse did pretend For they used to say when it was buried on this wise Farewell we come after thee and of the following of the multitude they were called Exsequies Albeit they used at Kings and Noblemens Funerals to go before with Tapers which custome we keep still Chalices wherein the blood of Christ is consecrated were at the first of wood and that was the institution of the Apostles which would prevent all occasion of avarice in Priests but Zepherinus afterward commanded that they should consecrate in a vessel of glass Notwithstanding in process that custome was broken And Gratianus decreed that they should say Masse and consecrate with Chalices of silver or gold or else if those might not be gotten in Chalices of Tinne albeit some refer this to Vrban the First Sextus the First commanded that corporaces should be of Linnen cloath onely aud that of the finest and purest and he forbade that any Lay-man should handle the hallowed vessels and namely women were inhibited The hallowing of Priests vestures and altar cloaths with other ornaments of the Church and the diversity of vestures of sundry orders was taken out of the Hebrews Priesthood and used in our Church first by Stephen Bishop of Rome first of that name For at the beginning Priests in their Massing used rather inward vertues of soul then outward apparrel of the body which is â—ather a glorious shew then any godly edifying Sabinianus decreed first that the people should be assembled together to hear service at certain hours of the day by ringing of bells And John the 22 ordained That bells should be tolled every day three times in the evening and that then every man should say three times the Ave-Maria The use of Bells came first of the Hebrews where the high Priest or Bishop had in the skirts of his uppermost vestures little bells to ring when he was in the holy place within the vail And even the Vail Hangings Candlesticks with other Vessels that we use in the Church came also of their Ceremonies The banners that be hanged abroad in Easter time are used to declare the triumph of Christ over death the devill and hell and were taken of the Heathen which in their Victories did bear banners to declare and signifie the conquest of their enemies CHAP. IX Of Vowes going bare-foot Letanies praying for them that sneese crossing the mouth when men yawn WHen we be brought into any extream calamity or dangerous adventure that can by no mans power or provision be relieved the urgent necessity constraining us we fall to prayers and vows-making as when we promise to set up Candles Images of wax or silver with other like supposing thereby to obtain remedy of our grief This custome was borrowed of the Hebrews which used to make such vowes to God and divers other Countries of the Gentiles used that rite to their false gods In like manner going bare-foot was taken up of the Jews fashion which in their sickness and other misfortunes were wont to pray continually 30 dayes forbear wine shave their hair and after go bare-foot to the Temple and make oblation This manner of Vow was so earnestly used in the time of the Emperour Nero when Florus was President of Jewry that Bernice sister to King Agrippa went her self bare-foot to the Temple of Hierusalem to obtain some gentlenesse for her Countreymen at Florus his hands but all in vain for his avarice was so unsatiable that no lowliness could pacifie it Even so we in any of our afflictions sickness or other heaviness make vowes to God and his Sâ—ints and perform them going to the place bare-foot in like manner as the Jews did Supplications were ordained in a great Earthquake by Mamercus Bishop of Vienna in the time of Leo the First These be called of the Greek word Letanies and are commonly named Processions because the people proceed forth along in array two and two together and go from place to place praying loud They be called the less Letanies And Agapetus as it is reported first apoointed them to be sung every Sunday in or about the Church although it seems by Tertullian's words that they have been used from the beginning of the Church and therefore it may be supposed that Mamereus did onely renew the custome Afterward Gregory ordained the great Letanies called septiformis Letania the same time that much people in Rome perished through a great Plague of swelling of the privy members which came of a corrupâ— ayr that was poysoâ—ed with Adders and Snakes that were cast out of Tyber at a marvellous high Tide There was another Plague whereby many as they sneesed dyed suâ—denly whereof it grew a custome that they that were present when any man sneesed should say God help you A like deadly Plague was sometime in yawning wherefore men used to fence themselves with the sign of the Cross both which customes we retain still at this day In all other extern affairs that we go about we use to sign our selves with the token of the Crosse And this hath been the usage from the begining of the Church CHAP. X. Of Images Tythes and who permitted the Clergy to have possessions AT the first there was no Imagery nor Pictures in the Churches but all occasions of Idolatry were withdrawn according to the commandment of the old Law Notwithstanding it crept in among Christians by little and little and men made Images of Christ on the Crosse after the example of Moses which set up brazen Serpent and Abagarus Duke of Edissenians a Nation beyond the River Euphrates sent a Painter to draw the Image of our Saviour Jesus but for as much as he could not behold the brightness of his face Christ laid a napkin on his face wherein he by his divine power printed the resemblance of his visage and sent it by the Painter to the Duke A little napkin was given by him as it is said to a woman that had the bloody flux whose name new Writers say was Veronica and Luke the Evangelist had the Image
The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-orderâ— Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought inâ—o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same
Carthagenians were first Merchants 151 Casting Lots 64 Casting money abroad 193 Cecrops 15 22 Centauri was found by Chiron 58 Ceres 68 Ceres's Image 117 Ceremonies why they were so named 214 Chaldees 46 48 Chalices of Wood 243 Chalices of silver and gold 244 Chamberlains 175 Chariots 92 Charms 61 Chances 95 Chanters 166 Chattering of birds 64 Cherry-Trees 126 Cheese making ibid. Chesse 95 Chip-Axe 147 Chiromancy 62 Chiron authour of Salves 58 Chius 95 Chrysippus 4 Chrism 197 Christ authour of our Priesthood 167 Crystal 114 Christmas Lords 195 Christening of Infants 163 Churches and Church-yards 202 Cicero 39 Circenses 97 Circumeision 161 Civil Crown 104 Civil Law 67 Cleanthes 3 Cleophantus invented colours 119 Clergy 165 Clocks 82 Cock-boat 150 Coyning 111 Comedies 34 Commendations to dead bodies 141 Common-wealth 70 Common-women 153 Communion 216 Compasse 148 Confession 219 Confirmation 197 Conjurers 166 Constantine forbade putting to death on the Crosse 203 Constantine born in England first Christian Emperour 297 Consuls of Rome 73 Corax gave rules of Rhetorick 39 Corn-sowing 123 Corona triumphalis 104 Corporaces 244 Corpus-Christi day 137 Covering of Scaffolds 143 Councils 292 Counting by nails 54 Cranes or Vernes 90 Cratus taught the Grammer in Rome 28 Cries 99 Crosse-bowes 90 Crosse-dayes 236 Crosse forbidden to be made 203 Crowns of Brazen plate 103 Crowns of divers sorts 104 Cups were crowned 104 D. DAyes of every moneth 79 Dayes turned into Feries 230 Dayes named of the Planets 231 Daphnis found the Shepherd's Carolls 32 Dardanus Trezenius 44 Darts 89 David sung in Meter 30 42 Decking of Churches 191 Declamator 39 Decrees 74 Dead bodies 139 241 Daedalus slew his Nephew 148 Dedication-dayes 237 Dedicating of Churches 205 Degrees of kindred inhibited to marry 200 Deifying of the Emperour 140 Delaying of Wines 125 Demaratus taught the Heâ—rurians Letters 25 Demaratus 120 Democrasie began in Rome 74 Democrasie 69 Democritus 11 Demosthenes 39 Denouncing the Dictator 71 Detany 59 Division of Nations 13 Divorcement 18 Diagoras 4 Dialls 81 Dialogues 47 Debutades 120 Dice 94 Dictators first in Rome 73 Dictator's Ossice ibid. Dying of Wooll 129 Dying of hair 152 Diocesses 174 Dioclesian 297 Diodorus 23 Dionysius 40 122 Diriges or Exequies 239 Disguising 195 Divers Divisions of the year 77 Divers divisions of the day 82 Divers kinds of meter 31 Divers manner of Paper 86 Diversity of speeches 12 Divisions of the night 83 Dreams 65 Drinking on Maundy-Thursday 192 Druides 46 Drumslades in Warr 45 Dulcimers 44 Dunging Land 123 E. EAster 234 Easter appointed to be kept on the Sunday 230 Easter instituted by the Apostles 233 Easter to be kept in March ibid. Eating of flesh 127 Eclipse of the Sun and Moon 50 Eggs. 128 Egyptians 49 Egyptians are superstitious 157 Egyptian Letters 23 Egyptians found Geometry 52 Egyptians found the year 76 Election of the Bishop of Rome 177 Electors of the Emperour ibid. Eleazer driveth out Spirits 61 Embring-dayes 226 Embroidering 130 Ennius called the Poets holy 29 Empedocles 38 Endymion perceived the course of the Moon 50 Enos 23 Epicarmus 24 Epicurus 4 Epicurus taught the Grammer first 28 Epulones 89 Ethiopians 21 Ethiopians opinion of man 10 Evander brought Letters into Italy 25 Even and odde 96 Eumolphus 24 Excommunication 181 Exercises 93 Extream Unction 198 F. FAmous Physitians 57 Fanes 51 Fasting 224 Faunus 3 Feasts instituted by the Apostles 235 Feasts instituted at the Council of Lyons 236 February 78 Faeciales Sacerdotes 188 Feeding of Birds 64 Ferry-Boats 151 Fetters 76 F. was taken of the Aeolians 25 F. for V. consonant ibid. Fidlers and Pipers 45 Fighting on horseback 92 Figures of Arithmetick 54 Fire 7 109 Fire and Water given in token of chastity 19 First Masse of Priests 192 First Church of the Christians 202 First Church in Rome ibid. Fishing 128 Flesh was not eaten before Noah 225 Flying of Birds 64 Five parts of Philosophy 47 Fore-heads 154 Frederick Feltrius's Library 85 Fullers craft 129 Funerals 138 Funeral Playes 94 G. GAley 150 Games 92 Garlands 103 Gates of Marble 133 Geomancy 62 Gymnosophists 46 Glasses to look in 111 Glasse 113 Glew 147 God's Nature 5 God made man 12 God what he is 6 God was the author of Lawes 68 God is made man 158 God's mercy ibid. Goddesses of favour 43 God-father and God-mother 163 God-brother and God-sister 201 Gold 107 110 Good Angels 2 Goshauke 143 Grace at meat 231 Grammer two parts 27 Gravers in Marble 134 Grecians learned in Egypt 49 Gregory established the single life of Priests 200 Greek Letters 25 Greek stories 37 Grinding 123 Guns and when they were first made 90 H. HAbergeon 89 Hallowing of the Priests Vestures 244 Hangings 130 Harness 89 Harp 108 Harp who found it 43 Hebrew letters 25 Hebrews were authors of Poetry 29 Hebrews were authours of Philosophy 47 Hebrews after Josephus found Geometry 52 Hebrews ordained Democrasie 70 Hechwall 57 Hellen found the Cross 203 Helmets 89 Herb called Balin 57 Herbs were created for man ibid. Hercules 96 Hereticks 289 Heroical Verse 31 Hiperbius 127 Hippocrates 55 Histories 36 Hoye 150 Holy bread 251 Holy-dayes 205 Holy-water 206 Honey 126 Horses 91 Hostanes wrote books of Magick 60 Hours 81 Houses 132 Hunting 128 Hunting-staves 90 Husbandry 122 I. JAcob made a league 99 January 78 Janus 22 Janus coyns of brasse 111 Javelins 89 Icarius 124 Idaei dactyli 108 Ides 80 Idolatry 20 Jehosuah 99 Iginius made first orders 170 John Baptist 209 John Guthenbergus found Printing 85 Images 115 249 Images of Kings 20 Images of Wax 191 Institution of wedlock 14 Instruments of husbandry 123 Instruments of Physick 57 Job 30 156 Joseph ibid. Iron 107 Isaac digged pits 136 Isis 21 Jubilee 281 Julius Caesar made the year perfect 78 Jupiter 3 Justes in Rome 146 Justing-Spears 89 K. KEele 150 Keeping the Sacrament in Churches 217 Kingdomes began in Egypt 69 Kings how they behaved themselves 70 Kings of Rome 72 Kings and Queens of England 184 Kings and Priests were anointed 196 Kindred inhibited to marry 200 Kissing the Bishop of Rome's feet 183 Knights wear Rings for difference 112 Knights of the Rhodes 269 Knights of St. James 270 Knights of Jesus Christ ibid. Knitting nets 129 L. LAbyrinths 136 Labourers pass the time with Songs 24 Lacedemonians manner of War 45 Lacedemonians offerings 102 Laity 164 Lamech had 2 Wives 201 Lame men may not be Priests 173 Lammas-day 237 Lamps 191 Latine stories 37 Law 66 Law for drinking of wine 184 Law-makers 68 Lawes of mourning 239 Lawes natural 66 Lead 107 Leagues 99 Leap-year 79 Legends 223 Leg-harness 89 Lent 225 Leontinus Gorgias's Image 117 Letanies 247 Letters 23 Letters to accompt withall 54 Letting of blood 59 Lever 108 Levites 66 Liberty of the old Satyres 34 Libraries 84 Licinius Calvus 75 Lycurgus 68 Lydians 110 Lighter 150 Line 147 Linnen 129 Linus 30 Livius Andronicus ibid. Looking-glasses 111 Lots 64 Lucretia 154 Lupercalia 96 M. MAgitians 46 Magi. 61 Magick 60 Mahomet's Sect. 276 Maids of
be sold Cadmus found Gold Melting Brasse Smiths â—orge Idei Dactili Sothering of Iron Pirodes stroke fire out of Flint Gold in Rome Janus coyns of Brasse Looking-Glasses Sidon Prometheus Rings served to Seal Letters Aman might have but one Ring Rings were worn on the left hand Vermilion Myrrh Crystal Hercules Wood-bridg The Arcadians manner An Oracle Prometheus made Images Ceres Image of Brasse M. Attilius made the first Image of Gold in Rome Phidias Augustus Seal Polygnotus The beginning of painting Cleophantus invented colours Potters craft Dibutades Worker of Clay Mummius destroyed Corinth Demeratus Potters frame Husbandry Dionysius Triptolemus Men lived by Acorns Baking and grinding Dunging land Yoking Oxen Plough Instruments of Husbandry Wine Oresteus Noáh planter of the Vineyard Olive-Oyl Making Cheese Gargorius Gathering honey Adam named Beasts Hiperbius Abel Eating of Flesh Priests of Aegypt Banquets Beasts that be Badges Adam made the first coat of Leather Shoomakers craft Embroidring Spinning and Weaving Silk Hercules Tiro Houses Making Walls of Houses Pallas invented Building Blessing of â—ouses Gravors in Marble Occasion of making Cities Cecropia Argos Diospolis Isaac digged Pits Four Labyrinths Mausoleum Artemesia The Romans burned their dead bodies Sylla Women had Commendations in Rome Rameses Ptolomeus The manner of Writing in Egypt Romulus Covering of Scaffolds First Justing in Rome Private Baths Common-Bâ—ths Notable Baths How the Saw was found Daedalus slew his Nephew for envy The Tyrians were cunning Carpenters Who was ruler on the Sea first Neptune Erichthras devised Boats Noah made the first ship Philosophers were Merchants Carthaginians first Merchants Dionysius taught the Trade of Merchandise The Hebrews did buy and sell Hebrews did buy and sell Venus a common woman Spu. Posthumius abrogated Bacchus's Feasts Common women were of long time Our Religion began of the Hebrews Enos called first on God Moses delivered the Israelites from bondage Gods mercy is shewed God is made Man What year Christ was incarnate Christ was persecuted to death The year of Christs Death and Resurrection The Holy Ghost is sent Peter Converted three thousand Stephen is martyred Men were first called Christians in Antioch Peter Bishop of Antioch Mary the Virgin dyed Paul is converted Paul was beheaded Peter was crucified Circumcision Abraham is circumcised Why the blood was shed The second Circumcision Other Countries do circumcise What Circumcision signifieth John Baptist author of Baptism When Lay-men may Christen Three Baptisms The old custome of baptizing Aaron first Priest Noah made the first Altar Succession in Priesthood Christ Authour of our Priest-hood Spiritual Priest-hood All Christian men are Priests Second Priest-hood is a Ministery The manner of consecrating in the Apostles time Laying on of hands The fashion of the Primitive Church A Bishops office Scripture beareth these Rome made more Orders Iginius did devise first Orders The Office of a Priest The shaven Crown is the Priests badge Occasion of shaving of Crowns Peter was mocked for his baldness Shaven Crowns came of the Nazarens Priests of Egypt were shaven What the Crown signifieth Lame men may not be Priests The age of Priests Stalling a Bishop Cures in Rome Cardinals Innocentius Cardinal Hatts Order of Cardinals The Bishop of Rome may change his name Sergius invented the changing of his name Election of the Bishop of Rome The Empire is removed into France by Bishops of Rome Charls gave the Lands to the See of Rome Otho a German is made Emperour Princes Electors Decree by the Bishop of Rome The Pall is decreed to the Patriarchs Changing of Bishopricks A Priest might not be convented Excommunication The age of Nuns at their profession Nuns might touch no coap nor Incense Women may not be bare head in the Church Taking off of Caps Kissing the Bishop of Romes feet Saluting With Kisses Washing of feet on Maundy Thursday Flamen Dialis Pontifex maximus Offering Images of Wax or Tapers ☞ Drinking on Maundy-Thursday Casting of money abroad The laudable manner of the Italians Kings and Priests were anointed Purple Robe is the difference of the Emperour Aaron and Saul first anointed Anointing of children Christned The manner of confirming Extream Unction When a Priest might not marry Bishops married Maids A Priest might but once marry Paphnutius withstood the Council of Nice Gregory established the single life of Priests Decrees of kindred inhibited Purification of women after Child-bearing Solomon made the first Temple First Church in Rome Abraham ordained the first place of Buriall Constantine forbade putting to death on the Cross Hellen found the Crosse of Christ Cain and Abel sacrificed first Men were sacrificed by the Gentiles Punishments that they suffered for omitting the oblations Dedicating of Churches Oracles ceased at Christ's coming Prayer was at the beginning Christ prescribed a Prayer The institution of the Sacrament Alexander decreed that the Sacrament should be consecrated of sweet bread The old Rite of consecrating S. Hierome did devide the Epistles and Gospels Washing of the hands Blessing with Chalices Ceremonies Masse must be said in places consecrated Corner-Masses be forbidden Daily Communion Vncharitable persons were interdicted from service Keeping the Sacrament ment in Churches We be reconciled by Christ. Repentance a remedy of sin Desperation is forbidden Innocentius did ordain Confession to the Priest Apuleius de a simo an reo libro 11. Pelagius charged Priests to say Mattins daily Singing of Psalms by course Our common singers rebuked Uses in the service Flesh was not eaten before Noah Example of Fasting Telesphorus did appoint it before Easter Superstition turned into Religion Egyptians Rite in Watches Night Sacrifices are abolished Diagundas Dayes were turned into Feries Easter is appointed on the Sunday White meats is forbidded on Fasting dayes Sabbath-dayes of the Jews Holy-dayes Works due for the holy dayes Easter is instituted by the Apostles Eastet is to be kept in March S. John kept the Jewes Easter Easter Feasts instituted by the Apostles Feasts instituted at the Council of Lions Reconciliation of Churches The Pope must hallow Saints Ten Months was the common time of Wedding Expiation of hasty Marriages French Queens in their Widdow-hood wear white cloathing Mourning is superstition and Hypoorisy Marriage vows renewâ—d Buriall is an end of all things Chalices of Wood. Chalices of Glasse Ringing to Service Tolling the Ave-Bell Vows came of the Hebrews Abagarus Philip Emperour is proclaimed an Heretick Luke 11. Christ alloweth Tythes First-fruits were offered of divers Countries Possessions are permitted to the Clergy Beginning of Religion Paul the Hermite Religion hath grown to superstition Bennet builded an Abbey at Cassinum Three Vows Basilius ordained Eusebius of Cremonenâ—es The Order of Cannons or Hermites Carmelites cloathing is changed Dominick is Canonized Francis is made a Saint Grave-keepers or Sepulchre-Knights Knights of the Rhodes Templer-Knights Dutch-Lords Knights of St James Knights of St Mary de Mercede Mountesians Apostolike brethren Rites of Ninevites An usage of the Egyptians Crafâ—s of the Eygptians The Egyptians excuse Goddess of Syria Libro 8. deasmo aureo Ceretanes play in Summer and beg in Winter Many Bishops of Rome suffered Martyrdome Pardons were profitable to the purse Jubilee sent into all Countries Titles of the Bishop of Rome Christs greeting The Hebrews saluting Bulls sealed with Lead Carolus Magnus sealed first with Gold A general decree of Annates Simon profered mony for to have power to give the Holy Ghost Simon was made a god Simon â—did fly in the Ayre Simon brake his Leg. John did write his Gospel against Hebion Schisms of later times Matthias elected by a Council Council of Nicea Council at Constantinople Council at Ephesus Council at Chalcedon Council at Bizance Christ was a witnesse of the truth Stephen disputed with all the Learned men of Jâ—wry Stephen is stoned to death Stephen first open defender of our faith Nero first persecutor of of all the Heathen Princes Half Rome was burned by Nero. Persecution done by the Emperour Dioclesian made the greatest Persecution Constantinus first defended the Christian Faith Stephen was the first Martyr The several materials of Buttons Short Coats Cloaks Bezoar It s power Alchymy Latten â— A Saphyre made white Tin like Silver Aqua-fort is Cupella Whether Alchymy be lawful or not