stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o 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in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o 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heaven_n shall_v be_v move_v round_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o diurnal_a course_n which_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o prove_v by_o diverse_a experiment_n first_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o mariner_n that_o a_o ship_n can_v well_o sail_v from_o spain_n into_o america_n with_o a_o indifferent_a wind_n in_o 30_o day_n when_o she_o can_v hardly_o return_v under_o three_o month_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o ship_n go_v from_o east_n to_o west_n sail_v with_o the_o water_n but_o from_o west_n to_o east_n against_o the_o stream_n so_o that_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o be_v swift_a and_o the_o other_o slow_a their_o second_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v this_o point_n be_v of_o a_o ship_n sail_v from_o spain_n to_o holland_n which_o may_v as_o they_o say_v swift_a return_n back_o then_o go_v thither_o to_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o east_n to_o west_n julius_n scaliger_n have_v add_v another_o which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o terra_fw-la laboratoris_fw-la southward_n but_o patricius_n not_o deny_v these_o motion_n will_v have_v many_o more_o in_o diverse_a sea_n not_o admit_v any_o universal_a circular_a motion_n enforce_v by_o the_o heaven_n but_o various_a motion_n diverse_o dispose_v in_o diverse_a sea_n for_o which_o he_o give_v many_o instance_n some_o whereof_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v first_o go_v about_o to_o disprove_v scaliger_n opinion_n and_o experience_n he_o bring_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o portugal_n navigatour_n who_o testify_v that_o they_o come_v from_o mosambicke_a of_o the_o side_n on_o madagascar_n into_o malebar_v in_o 28_o sometime_o in_o 30_o other_o time_n in_o 35_o day_n which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o account_n of_o
the_o day_n at_o long_a be_v 17_o hour_n to_o these_o northern_a climate_n they_o oppose_v so_o many_o towards_o the_o south_n which_o they_o call_v anticlimate_n these_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v in_o ptolomiâ—s_n time_n be_v imaginary_a altogether_o because_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n beyond_o the_o line_n but_o to_o leave_v pâ—olomy_n and_o his_o old_a author_n and_o examine_v the_o industry_n of_o late_a geographer_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n to_o be_v twofold_a either_o unperfect_a wherein_o they_o number_v only_o 19_o climate_n or_o perfect_a wherein_o they_o account_v 46_o or_o 48_o of_o which_o 23_o or_o 24_o be_v northern_a and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o south_n the_o perfect_a distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n be_v again_o as_o late_a writer_n speak_v either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a the_o certain_a they_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o climate_n be_v distinguish_v 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and_o last_o of_o all_o by_o whole_a month_n in_o so_o much_o that_o under_o the_o pole_n itself_o they_o have_v 6_o month_n perpetual_a day_n and_o so_o long_o again_o a_o continual_a night_n the_o parallel_n whereof_o the_o climate_n be_v make_v be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n 38_o as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o the_o late_a writer_n have_v place_v they_o so_o far_o northern_o that_o they_o reach_v to_o that_o tract_n wherein_o the_o sun_n tarry_v above_o the_o horizon_n a_o whole_a 24_o hour_n and_o so_o have_v number_v 23_o or_o 24_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o many_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o some_o draw_v the_o first_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o redde-sea_n other_o by_o meroe_n for_o the_o far_a consideration_n of_o these_o climate_n correct_v by_o late_a goegrapher_n they_o begin_v their_o account_n from_o the_o equatour_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o best_a rule_n of_o certainty_n because_o we_o hold_v that_o whole_a tract_n of_o earth_n to_o be_v habitable_a as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o our_o second_o book_n 14_o a_o parallel_n be_v a_o space_n wherein_o the_o long_a day_n be_v increase_v by_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n concern_v the_o parallel_n little_o can_v be_v say_v more_o than_o be_v have_v open_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o climate_n for_o as_o we_o show_v the_o one_o can_v be_v well_o understand_v without_o the_o other_o only_o to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n of_o speech_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o parallel_n may_v be_v take_v either_o for_o a_o line_n or_o circle_n in_o which_o senfe_fw-mi we_o take_v it_o in_o the_o five_o chapter_n where_o we_o divide_v they_o into_o name_v or_o nameless_a or_o else_o for_o a_o space_n bound_v by_o circle_n as_o we_o here_o understand_v it_o the_o neglect_n of_o this_o distinction_n have_v make_v some_o geographer_n speak_v sometime_o improper_o the_o parallel_n be_v find_v out_o by_o this_o rule_n 1_o let_v the_o 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their_o longitude_n or_o extent_n from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v hardly_o without_o sensible_a error_n call_v the_o parallel_n half_o the_o climate_n in_o regard_n the_o three_o line_n whereof_o the_o climate_n consist_v to_o wit_n the_o middle_a and_o the_o two_o extreme_n be_v not_o always_o of_o like_a distance_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o circumference_n as_o be_v stretch_v i_o self_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v much_o more_o to_o wit_n that_o of_o two_o parallel_n divide_v the_o same_o climate_n betwixt_o they_o that_o that_o be_v manifest_o the_o great_a which_o be_v next_o the_o equatour_n and_o that_o be_v the_o least_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n which_o comprehend_v their_o parallel_n space_n continual_o decrease_v towards_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o if_o we_o imagine_v two_o man_n to_o travel_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o in_o a_o parallel_n near_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o near_a the_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o he_o shall_v go_v far_o fast_a which_o be_v near_o the_o equatour_n than_o the_o other_o near_o the_o pole_n for_o howsoever_o columella_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o parallel_n to_o have_v in_o breadth_n 60_o foot_n and_o to_o intimate_v by_o consequence_n a_o equality_n of_o the_o parallel_n among_o themselves_o yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v of_o parallel_n which_o be_v near_o one_o to_o the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n which_o comprehend_v a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n and_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n other_o matter_n which_o concern_v the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n shall_v be_v god_n will_v unfold_v in_o our_o table_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o such_o other_o adjunct_n appertain_v without_o the_o which_o this_o treatise_n will_v be_v unperfect_a depend_v for_o a_o great_a part_n on_o such_o circumstance_n as_o our_o method_n admit_v not_o in_o this_o place_n but_o immediate_o follow_v chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o space_n bound_v by_o circle_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o wit_n zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o such_o adjunct_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o such_o space_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a absolute_a as_o they_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o themselves_o without_o any_o comparison_n of_o one_o with_o the_o other_o 3_o the_o former_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o from_o the_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n or_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o sun-shadowe_n according_a to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v either_o a_o right_n oblique_a or_o parallel_n sphere_n according_a to_o their_o orison_n what_o these_o three_o sphere_n be_v may_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v concern_v the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o far_a repetition_n we_o be_v in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o several_a accident_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n out_o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o threefold_a sphere_n will_v arise_v 13_o manner_n of_o habitation_n which_o for_o more_o order_n sake_n we_o will_v reduce_v into_o certain_a head_n in_o this_o manner_n 4_o the_o people_n of_o a_o right_a sphere_n be_v such_o as_o enjoy_v aright_o horizon_n who_o propriety_n shall_v be_v declare_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o
by_o the_o ray_n eglantine_n so_o that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v be_v in_o that_o station_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n cg_n now_o by_o the_o first_o common_a axiom_n of_o euclid_n every_o man_n must_v grant_v that_o the_o arch_n of_o bg_n be_v great_a than_o cg_n the_o former_a be_v the_o whole_a and_o this_o the_o part_n second_o out_o of_o the_o same_o ground_n we_o may_v as_o easy_o collect_v that_o this_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o other_o know_v fix_a star_n be_v vary_v proportional_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n because_o so_o many_o place_n as_o there_o be_v so_o many_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n will_v arise_v be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o conclusion_n thus_o demonstrate_v we_o must_v proceed_v to_o practice_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o be_v teach_v by_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n 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perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v 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both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o 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appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
the_o east_n or_o west_n the_o star_n will_v either_o seem_v great_a in_o the_o east_n then_o in_o the_o west_n or_o contrariwise_o great_a in_o the_o west_n than_o the_o east_n all_o which_o plain_o contradict_v experience_n moreover_o it_o will_v hence_o follow_v out_o of_o this_o last_o that_o the_o forenoon_n will_v not_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o afternoon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o meridian_n circle_n pass_v by_o our_o vertical_a point_n which_o in_o this_o case_n can_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n but_o will_v decline_v more_o either_o to_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n four_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n either_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equinoctial_a at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v against_o all_o common_a experience_n to_o explain_v which_o assertion_n let_v there_o be_v a_o sphere_n abcd_n who_o centre_n shall_v be_v e_z wherein_o we_o will_v conceive_v the_o equatour_n to_o be_v bd_o the_o two_o tropic_n il_fw-fr and_o xh_n the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n ac_fw-la now_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equatour_n out_o of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o f_o let_v there_o first_o be_v a_o oblique_a horizon_n zfy_v cut_v all_o the_o parallel_n into_o unequal_a part_n and_o the_o axis_n in_o those_o parallel_n which_o be_v without_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o say_a horizon_n there_o will_v be_v no_o equinoctial_a because_o the_o horizon_n equal_o divide_v in_o two_o half_n only_o that_o parallel_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o p_o which_o nevertheless_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v unto_o as_o never_o go_v beyond_o the_o tropic_n xh_v let_v there_o be_v another_o oblique_a horizon_n ofm_n cut_v the_o axle_n ac_fw-la within_o the_o say_a parallel_n in_o n_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o reason_n that_o there_o will_v happen_v a_o equinoctial_a in_o the_o say_a horizon_n when_o the_o sun_n shall_v describe_v the_o parallel_n by_o n_o because_o this_o parallel_n be_v by_o the_o horizon_n divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o this_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v in_o a_o middle_a space_n and_o time_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o equator_fw-la only_o be_v equal_o distant_a and_o remove_v from_o either_o solstice_n it_o be_v also_o manifest_a that_o the_o sun_n reside_v in_o bd_o the_o equator_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o either_o after_o or_o before_o which_o be_v absurd_a and_o opposite_a to_o observation_n five_o it_o will_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o these_o ground_n that_o no_o horizon_n shall_v divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n beside_o that_o which_o concurre_v with_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n as_o bd_o and_o such_o as_o be_v draw_v by_o bd._n wherefore_o all_o people_n shall_v not_o behold_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n six_o out_o of_o this_o opinion_n will_v necessary_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o great_a and_o long_a day_n above_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n shall_v not_o be_v equalise_v by_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v exceed_v by_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n which_o be_v against_o all_o common_a experience_n the_o consequence_n shall_v appear_v by_o demonstration_n suppose_v a_o to_o be_v the_o arctic_a pole_n then_o will_v pg_n be_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n xp_n above_o xg_n the_o equinoctial_a day_n but_o kq_n be_v the_o defect_n wherein_o the_o short_a day_n iq_n be_v exceed_v of_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n ik_fw-mi all_o these_o absurdity_n be_v avoid_v if_o we_o put_v the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n e._n for_o so_o in_o every_o oblique_a horizon_n as_o in_o sir_n will_v be_v a_o equinoctial_a the_o sun_n riside_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la 2_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a half_n and_o pg_n the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o kv_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o beside_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a concern_v the_o second_o position_n if_o we_o shall_v place_v the_o earth_n in_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n out_o of_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o many_o or_o more_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v for_o example_n sake_n let_v it_o be_v imagine_v in_o p_o first_o than_o no_o horizon_n beside_o a_o right_n will_v cut_v the_o heaven_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n or_o half_n and_o consequent_o the_o zodiac_n but_o this_o be_v prove_v false_a by_o experience_n as_o we_o have_v show_v because_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o above_o and_o conspicuous_a and_o the_o other_o six_o under_o second_o only_a under_o a_o right_a horizon_n will_v there_o be_v a_o equinoctial_a because_o only_o such_o a_o horizon_n equal_o divide_v the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o former_a figure_n in_o which_o the_o equatour_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v bd_o the_o right_a horizon_n ac_fw-la the_o oblique_a yz_n cut_v the_o equator_fw-la in_o f_o into_o two_o unequal_a part_n now_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o in_o any_o oblique_a horizon_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o equinoxe_n it_o can_v no_o wise_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a time_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n but_o will_v be_v much_o near_o to_o the_o one_o then_o to_o the_o other_o as_o if_o the_o earth_n wâ—re_v place_v in_o n_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n xh_v and_o the_o equatour_n bd_o there_o will_v be_v a_o equinoxe_n when_o the_o sun_n pass_v in_o the_o parallel_n by_o n._n which_o parallel_n be_v far_o near_a to_o the_o summer_n solstice_n than_o the_o winter_n solstice_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o g_z there_o will_v happen_v a_o equinoxe_n just_a in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n all_o which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o most_o repugnant_a to_o common_a sense_n three_o this_o grant_v the_o whole_a order_n and_o proportion_n of_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o day_n and_o night_n will_v be_v confuse_v and_o trouble_v it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o consent_n of_o all_o cosmographer_n that_o every_o where_o without_o the_o right_a horizon_n there_o be_v such_o a_o order_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n &_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n that_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n the_o day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o mean_a or_o middle_a betwixt_o the_o long_a and_o the_o short_a day_n that_o the_o long_a day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o long_a night_n and_o the_o short_a day_n to_o the_o short_a night_n that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n above_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n be_v so_o much_o as_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_v equinoctial_a day_n all_o which_o and_o many_o more_o such_o apparence_n will_v be_v interrupt_v be_v the_o earth_n place_v any_o where_o else_o then_o in_o the_o centre_n e_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o scheme_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o e_o every_o oblique_a horizon_n as_o sir_n will_v divide_v the_o equatour_n bd_o into_o two_o equal_a hemicircle_n so_o that_o so_o much_o shall_v appear_v above_o as_o lie_v couch_v under_o and_o so_o that_o day_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o tropic_n hx_n and_o il_fw-fr will_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o unequal_a part_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o alternate_a segment_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o wit_n px_n and_o vl_n also_o th._n and_o vi_o as_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o theodosius_n lib._n 2._o prop._n 16._o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o long_a day_n xp_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o long_a night_n lv_o and_o the_o short_a day_n iv_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o short_a night_n hp_n final_o pg_n the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n xp_n above_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n xg_n be_v equal_a to_o kv_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n ik_fw-mi which_o be_v show_v out_o of_o the_o similitude_n and_o equality_n of_o the_o triangle_n teg_n and_o vek._n now_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o axis_n without_o the_o centre_n e_o as_o in_o p_o beyond_o all_o the_o parallel_n no_o equinoxe_n can_v be_v in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v show_v but_o always_o the_o day_n will_v be_v long_o or_o short_a than_o the_o night_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o point_n g_o by_o which_o pass_v
not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a 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so_o it_o come_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o geography_n for_o conclusion_n demonstrate_v and_o prove_v in_o geometry_n be_v here_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o principle_n suppose_v not_o demonstrate_v a_o new_a which_o logic_n if_o clavius_n blancanus_n and_o other_o such_o writer_n have_v well_o learned_a they_o will_v not_o have_v stuff_v out_o their_o work_n with_o such_o heterogeneal_a mixture_n but_o have_v reduce_v every_o thing_n to_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o science_n a_o circle_n as_o well_o by_o the_o geographer_n as_o astronomer_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o quadrant_n each_o quadrant_a into_o 90_o degree_n all_o which_o make_v up_o 360._o so_o that_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o 360_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v as_o be_v of_o chief_a use_n with_o we_o yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v handle_v and_o teach_v in_o a_o high_a science_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o in_o logic_a man_n have_v invent_v certain_a intentional_a notion_n serve_v as_o so_o many_o instrument_n to_o direct_v and_o regulate_v our_o understanding_n in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o cosmographie_n can_v there_o not_o be_v want_v such_o imaginary_a sign_n and_o circle_n to_o confirm_v and_o aid_v our_o fantasy_n and_o as_o in_o logic_n such_o notion_n in_o themselves_o be_v mere_o imaginary_a and_o intentional_a yet_o may_v be_v term_v real_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o may_v we_o speak_v of_o these_o circle_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v to_o be_v fictious_a and_o imaginary_a as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o in_o nature_n for_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n yet_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n conceive_v such_o real_a respect_n to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o when_o a_o ship_n sail_n over_o the_o ocean_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o leave_v behind_o any_o visible_a mark_n or_o character_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o make_v a_o real_a passage_n it_o will_v leave_v a_o line_n conceivable_a sign_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a passage_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_a cosmographer_n to_o find_v out_o the_o immediate_a and_o true_a subject_n or_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n whether_o they_o shall_v be_v immediate_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n have_v acknowledge_v no_o other_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n then_o the_o congruity_n and_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n more_o near_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n have_v find_v these_o circle_n all_o except_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n to_o be_v immediate_o ground_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o who_o opinion_n we_o can_v reject_v as_o be_v support_v by_o experimental_a demonstration_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o particular_a 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o any_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n but_o only_a inconueniency_n leave_v our_o judgement_n free_a to_o take_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v our_o purpose_n some_o astronomer_n more_o curious_a than_o wise_a have_v go_v about_o to_o seek_v a_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o 360_o part_n out_o of_o the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n a_o circle_n say_v they_o by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v describe_v in_o a_o plain_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o perfect_a motion_n pass_v through_o one_o six_o part_n in_o 60_o day_n the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o for_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 6_o will_v produce_v that_o number_n but_o this_o reason_n seem_v to_o infer_v nothing_o concern_v any_o natural_a ground_n that_o this_o distinction_n shall_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o conveniency_n the_o number_n 360_o be_v fit_a for_o that_o calculation_n another_o reason_n very_o like_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o moon_n which_o happen_v 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n and_o because_o from_o each_o conjunction_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v spend_v 30_o day_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o will_v produce_v 360._o this_o reason_n likewise_o prove_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a number_n to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a not_o that_o this_o division_n have_v any_o ground_n in_o nature_n more_o than_o other_o because_o be_v a_o continuate_a quantity_n according_a to_o philosophy_n it_o may_v suffer_v infinite_a division_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n leave_v free_a to_o cosmographer_n to_o choose_v what_o number_n they_o please_v to_o express_v the_o part_n or_o section_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o they_o take_v as_o it_o seem_v not_o mere_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o from_o their_o conveniency_n and_o commodity_n find_v this_o number_n most_o commodious_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o every_o circle_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o number_n can_v be_v find_v which_o suffer_v more_o part_n and_o division_n than_o this_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o 60_o whereof_o
seem_v together_o to_o terminate_v the_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o protension_n of_o the_o sight_n what_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v have_v not_o be_v yet_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o erastothenes_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v 44_o mile_n macrobius_n 23._o proclus_n 250._o albertus_n magnus_n 125._o these_o difference_n seem_v too_o great_a to_o admit_v of_o reconcilement_n yet_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n the_o disparity_n in_o account_n of_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o modern_a and_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n 2_o the_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o sightâ—_n the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o take_v their_o observation_n with_o other_o circumstance_n we_o shall_v diminish_v much_o of_o admiration_n but_o diverse_a other_o who_o opinion_n be_v more_o approve_a by_o modern_a cosmographer_n have_v define_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 63_o mile_n the_o cause_n why_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v so_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o rational_a which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sight_n and_o the_o far_a part_n which_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v 3_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n with_o vulgar_a judgement_n but_o it_o want_v not_o a_o demonstration_n draw_v from_o astronomical_a and_o optic_a principle_n to_o explain_v which_o we_o must_v suppose_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n already_o grant_v 1_o that_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n and_o disproportion_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o firmament_n 2_o that_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n because_o in_o this_o consideration_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o her_o centre_n be_v insensible_a 3_o that_o the_o visual_a ray_n wherein_o the_o sight_n be_v carry_v be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n now_o suppose_v according_a to_o our_o former_a figure_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o eye_n wherein_o consist_v the_o sight_n to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a surface_n f_o the_o distance_n as_o we_o say_v betwixt_o f_o and_o e_o the_o centre_n be_v insensible_a the_o eye_n be_v imagine_v in_o the_o centre_n likewise_o the_o orison_n cfd_v and_o aeb_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v one_o and_o the_o same_o because_o ca_n and_o db_n have_v no_o sensible_a difference_n it_o be_v then_o manifest_a that_o the_o eye_n so_o place_v will_v behold_v in_o the_o heavenly_a sphere_n all_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o hemisphere_n agb_n bound_v by_o the_o rational_a horizon_n aeb_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o either_o it_o shall_v see_v only_o the_o point_n f_o wherein_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o else_o some_o other_o point_n or_o part_v distant_a from_o it_o the_o former_a can_v be_v admit_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v there_o suppose_v to_o be_v place_v shall_v according_a to_o this_o supposition_n behold_v itself_o which_o be_v against_o philosophy_n for_o grant_v the_o sense_n only_o a_o direct_a and_o not_o a_o reflex_n operation_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v perceive_v itself_o final_o it_o can_v see_v any_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n beside_o for_o then_o this_o point_n will_v either_o be_v place_v above_o the_o point_n f_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o f_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o superficies_n admit_v of_o no_o point_n high_o in_o the_o sphere_n or_o else_o under_o it_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o cfd_n be_v a_o tangent_fw-la line_n and_o touch_v the_o sphere_n in_o f_o only_o there_o can_v according_o to_o geometrical_a principle_n be_v draw_v any_o right_a line_n from_o the_o point_n f_o which_o can_v touch_v any_o point_n in_o the_o say_a sphere_n but_o all_o will_v cut_v it_o and_o so_o the_o section_n cause_n impediment_n to_o the_o sight_n the_o earth_n be_v a_o opacous_a and_o round_a body_n 4_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v a_o matter_n most_o necessary_a for_o a_o cosmographer_n as_o shall_v appear_v after_o where_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o latitude_n and_o climate_n it_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n betwixt_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o many_o way_n have_v be_v devise_v by_o artificer_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o 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part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v 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they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n another_o for_o two_o place_n to_o be_v compare_v betwixt_o themselves_o in_o regard_n of_o such_o a_o fix_a point_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a imply_v only_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o two_o point_n the_o other_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o such_o point_n or_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o these_o point_n from_o which_o such_o point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v distant_a be_v either_o find_v in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n from_o which_o the_o distance_n be_v call_v longitude_n or_o else_o in_o the_o equatour_n whence_o we_o call_v it_o latitude_n 4_o the_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o understand_v the_o better_a the_o longitude_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o general_o or_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n stretch_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n
and_o contrariwise_o from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o this_o longitude_n be_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n set_v no_o far_o distant_a than_o the_o half_a circle_n contain_v 180_o degree_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v at_o that_o time_n undiscovered_a the_o end_n of_o this_o space_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o all_o india_n distant_a as_o we_o say_v from_o the_o fortunate_a land_n where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o first_o meridian_n 180_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o resolve_v into_o miles_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n will_v give_v 10800_o italian_a mile_n but_o this_o space_n delineate_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o scant_o and_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o part_n since_o found_v out_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o beyond_o the_o bind_v set_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v manifest_v that_o 60_o degree_n be_v find_v out_o and_o make_v know_v a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o scythia_n without_o the_o mountain_n emaus_n which_o be_v know_v to_o extend_v itself_o 60_o degree_n eastward_o towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n so_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n eastward_o be_v full_o know_v so_o far_o as_o 240_o degree_n which_o be_v measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v amount_v unto_o 14000_o mile_n moreover_o towards_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o fortunate_a land_n it_o be_v know_v to_o stretch_v to_o the_o far_a border_n of_o america_n so_o that_o 340_o degree_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v full_o detect_v if_o not_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_o 20_o degree_n which_o be_v only_o deficient_a to_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a circle_n which_o we_o may_v the_o soon_o credit_v because_o our_o time_n have_v bring_v forth_o for_o aught_o any_o author_n have_v relate_v the_o most_o excellent_a navigator_n of_o all_o age_n which_o have_v sail_v the_o vast_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o about_o and_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o foundation_n whereon_o other_o may_v easy_o build_v but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o general_n longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o longitude_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o special_a sense_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v place_v either_o in_o the_o canary_n as_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v it_o or_o in_o one_o of_o the_o azore_n according_a to_o the_o latter_a geographer_n this_o than_o must_v be_v the_o bind_v from_o whence_o we_o must_v begin_v our_o account_n the_o subject_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n may_v be_v take_v may_v be_v the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n whence_o by_o some_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o equatour_n or_o parallel_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v so_o that_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n such_o place_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o meridian_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n eastern_a or_o western_a have_v the_o same_o longitude_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o west_n but_o place_n decline_v more_o towards_o the_o east_n have_v the_o great_a longitude_n but_o near_a to_o the_o west_n lesâ—e_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o place_n equidistant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n have_v not_o always_o the_o same_o longitude_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v often_o speak_v before_o because_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a of_o a_o lesser_a less_a according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o circle_n now_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n measure_v in_o the_o equatour_n will_v answer_v to_o 60_o italian_a mile_n but_o in_o other_o parallel_n less_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n those_o therefore_o which_o exact_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o longitude_n have_v their_o noon_n at_o the_o same_o moment_n but_o where_o the_o longitude_n be_v different_a the_o noonetide_v be_v also_o different_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n obvious_a to_o every_o man_n understanding_n out_o of_o two_o premise_a ground_n 1_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a 2_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a course_n once_o in_o 24_o hour_n compass_v it_o round_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o place_n situate_v eastward_o see_v the_o sun_n soon_o than_o those_o which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o west_n and_o that_o with_o a_o proportional_a difference_n of_o time_n that_o to_o every_o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v assign_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o correspondent_a mile_n which_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n express_v in_o a_o geographical_a globe_n or_o map_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v describe_v 12_o meridian_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n into_o 24_o equal_a part_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o betwixt_o each_o of_o the_o two_o near_o meridian_n be_v reckon_v 15_o degree_n which_o make_v one_o hour_n by_o which_o we_o may_v more_o easy_o understand_v how_o soon_o the_o noone-time_n happen_v in_o one_o city_n before_o another_o for_o if_o one_o city_n stand_v eastward_o from_o another_o the_o space_n of_o three_o of_o those_o foresay_a meridian_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o will_v enjoy_v noon_n three_o hour_n before_o the_o other_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n wherein_o to_o every_o hour_n the_o cosmographer_n have_v allot_v 15_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n so_o that_o 15_o degree_n multiply_v by_o 24_o hour_n which_o be_v the_o whole_a natural_a day_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v 360_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circle_n 3_o if_o two_o man_n from_o the_o same_o place_n travel_n the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o round_o about_o the_o earth_n and_o meet_v in_o the_o same_o place_n again_o they_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o which_o have_v go_v eastward_o have_v get_v and_o the_o other_o go_v westward_o have_v lose_v a_o day_n in_o their_o account_n this_o be_v without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v understand_v out_o of_o the_o change_n of_o longitude_n second_v by_o their_o travel_n vary_v perpetual_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o day_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o who_o from_o any_o place_n assign_v sail_v eastward_o move_v continual_o against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v shorten_v somewhat_o of_o his_o day_n take_v away_o so_o much_o from_o it_o as_o his_o journey_n in_o proportion_n of_o distance_n have_v oppose_v and_o anticipate_v in_o the_o time_n the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o daily_o gain_v something_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n which_o must_v be_v elsewhere_o recompense_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 24._o hour_n correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v make_v another_o day_n likewise_o if_o we_o suppose_v another_o in_o compass_v about_o the_o earth_n to_o go_v westward_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o imagine_v but_o that_o second_v the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o own_o journey_n he_o will_v daily_o add_v somewhat_o to_o the_o length_n of_o his_o day_n answerable_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n wherein_o he_o begin_v to_o follow_v the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o daily_a addition_n to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n proportional_a to_o the_o longitude_n which_o he_o change_v the_o sun_n run_v a_o like_a course_n must_v daily_o diminish_v somewhat_o of_o the_o diurnal_a course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o at_o his_o journey_n end_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n answerable_a to_o 24._o hour_n in_o the_o sun_n course_n it_o will_v loose_v a_o whole_a day_n to_o demonstrate_v both_o these_o case_n we_o will_v imagine_v in_o supposition_n that_o of_o these_o two_o travailler_n go_v the_o one_o eastward_o the_o other_o westward_o the_o former_a shall_v take_v away_o from_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n or_o the_o latter_a add_v to_o it_o for_o every_o 15._o mile_n one_o minute_n then_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n if_o 15._o mile_n either_o subtract_v or_o add_v one_o
this_o meridian_n will_v cut_v the_o equatour_n in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o which_o be_v number_v as_o before_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n will_v show_v the_o direct_a longitude_n the_o like_a of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o second_o case_n 2_o the_o meridian_n run_v through_o any_o place_n of_o the_o geographical_a table_n will_v point_v and_o design_n out_o in_o the_o equatour_n the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o former_a way_n perform_v on_o the_o globe_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o shall_v inquire_v the_o longitude_n of_o paris_n the_o metropolis_n of_o france_n in_o a_o geographical_a map_n i_o find_v a_o meridian_n mark_v out_o which_o run_v if_o not_o direct_o through_o yet_o very_a near_o the_o say_a city_n this_o meridian_n i_o trace_v along_o to_o the_o southern_a part_n till_o i_o find_v it_o to_o meet_v and_o cut_v the_o equatour_n then_o observe_v i_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o the_o equatour_n it_o make_v his_o intersection_n and_o i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 20_o minute_n which_o be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n 15_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n the_o latitude_n come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v handle_v the_o latitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o equatour_n either_o north_n or_o south_n what_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o longitude_n must_v also_o agree_v to_o the_o latitude_n that_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o absolute_o and_o general_o sometime_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o signify_v any_o distance_n or_o space_n between_o north_n and_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north._n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v the_o breadth_n or_o latitude_n hold_v to_o be_v about_o 80_o degree_n so_o that_o the_o utmost_a bind_v or_o limit_v to_o it_o northward_o be_v call_v thule_n which_o common_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v island_n but_o the_o latter_a navigatour_n through_o their_o diligence_n have_v detect_v 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forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o 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as_o often_o it_o do_v to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n for_o have_v water_n near_o it_o it_o may_v soon_o be_v quench_v whereas_o many_o little_a spring_n can_v afford_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v suffice_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n last_o among_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v forget_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o fair_a river_n which_o be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o a_o city_n and_o delight_n to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 8_o thus_o much_o for_o river_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o perpetual_a water_n nourish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n and_o have_v of_o itself_o no_o passage_n forth_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o lake_n we_o have_v comprise_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a water_n second_o that_o it_o be_v continual_o feed_v &_o cherish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n three_o that_o it_o find_v no_o passage_n forth_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o 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