Bishop who together with the Congregation falling down and making Confession on their behalf raised them up and laid his hands upon them and they departed with the Catechumens 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as stayed with the Congregation and joined in Prayer and Singing but not in the Sacrament Yet they were afterward Advanced to be 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Faithful Communicants who had been Baptized Confirmed and admitted to the Lord's Supper having approved themselves by the long train of a stricct and pious Life Mahometan Only Men for they permit not Women to enter the Mosques lest they should distract Men from their Devotion And besides They do not believe that Women go to Heaven and hardly account them rational Creatures Yet in some Mosques they have Apartments by themselves with a kind of Pannels of Plaister as high as the Cieling with holes through M. de Thevenot Every Busurman is bound to resort to Prayers five times daily except he have some lawful impediment and if not yet at one to be well washed to which purpose they have innumerable Bathes in Turkey Purchas Only the chief sort on the Week-days the Poor being excused not so on Fridays Id. The Women enter not the Mosques but on Fridays at Nine a Clock or at Easter and then in a Terass apart where they may see and not be seen except the Wives and Mothers of the Chief of the place They abide there 'till Mid-night continually Praying with strange Motions and strong Cries Idem Ancient Heathen Let not a Woman enter into the publick Temples who hath been caught with an Adulterer Demosth Orat. contra Neeram Hither likewise may be referred the Remark made before viz. That all Irreligious and Prophane Persons were driven away with a Procul este profani c. Modern Heathen Among the Modern Heathens though it be difficult to give a particular Account because of their multitude and variety yet it is easie to conclude That their Assemblies are made up of their respective Priests and Officers and People In Mexico and Peru are Priests Officers Boys and Virgins trained up for the Service of the Temple and living upon the Revenues of the Temple and these in some places many in number together with the common People Purchas out of Acosta c. Amongst these some are under Instruction some Penitents some Confessors Men and Women Confessors c. Idem Diabolical The Witches Tried at Salem in New-England 1692. affirmed That they form themselves into Assemblies much after the manner of the Congregational Churches consisting of Officers and People c. Cotton Mather 12. Times of Worship 1. Weekly or Monthly Jewish 1. THE Sabbath or Seventh-Day It began at Six a Clock the Night before Observe 1. The Preparation which began at Three a Clock in the Afternoon called the Sabbath-Eve by the Evangelists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Ancient Fathers Coena pura It was proclaimed formerly by Trumpets of late by Sextons On this Day it was unlawful 1. To go above a quarter of a Days Journey three Parsath whereof Ten make a Days Journey 2. For Judges to sit on Causes upon Life and Death 3. For Tradesmen to work Except Shoomaker Except Taylers Except Scribes And they only half the Day The Wealthiest did help to forward Business 2. The Sanctification Herein they were so Superstitious that 1. Some Jews at Tiberias began the Sabbath sooner because dwelling in a Valley the Sun appeared not so soon to them as to others Others at Tsepphore a City upon a Mount kept the Sabbath longer because the Sun continued longer 2. They would dress no Meat on this Day 3. Nor Kindle any Fire 4. Nor roast an Apple chop an Herb climbe a Tree resist an Enemy and on this account became a Prey to their Enemies in the times of Antiochus and Pompey 2. Mondays in remembrance of Moses's returning from Mount Sinai Thursdays in remembrance of his going up to the Mount for the Law 3. New Moons the first Day of every Month commonly On this Day they 1. Heard the Word 2 Kings 4 23. 2. Abstained from Merchandise 3. Offered Sacrifices Numb 28.11 Christian 1. Saturday the Jewish Sabbath was in great Veneration especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the publick Solemnity of Religion out of compliance with the Jews who were loath to part with it On this Day were publick Prayers reading the Scriptures celebration of the Sacraments Vid. Athan Hom. de Sement Idem Hist. Eccle. l. 6. c. 8. Fasts were prohibited on this Day Ordinary Works allowed yet so as might consist with their publick Worship for the Lord's Day was still preferred before it V. Athan. Hom. de Sem. Synod Laod. can 29. But in the West it was kept as a Fast yet at Milan as a Festival for St. Ambrose dined on no other Days in the Week but Saturday and Sunday Yet at Rome out of compliance with the Custom there Fasted as they did Aug. ad Janu. Ep. 118. Probably the reason of keeping this Day East was the Opinion which the Ancients had viz. That the Apostles Fasted on Friday and Saturday The Council of Illiberis Ordained That the Saturday-Festival was an Error Can. 39. which ought to be corrected and kept as a Fast 2. Sunday so called by Justin Martyr and Tertullian and in the Imperial Edicts of the first Christian Emperors Afterwards the LORD's Day 1. On this Day they stood at Prayers to put them in mind of Christ's Resurrection from the Grave and their own from Sin V. Justin M. Tertul. ex Ireneo The Council of Nice required a constant Uniformity in it 2. They deposited somewhat for the use of the Poor 3. All of us that live in City or Country meet together in one place Just M. Three Days absence from Church was punished with Suspension from Communion Con. Ill. Separate Assemblies Anathematized V. Conc. Gang. can 4.5 Conc. Antioch c. 5. 4. In times of Persecution they met before Day Plin. Ep. ad Traj They had Nocturnal Convocations Tertul. ad Vx Christians therefore called in scorn a Skulking Generation Min. F. 5. Kept in with great Expressions of Joy Fasting accounted unlawful Tertul. de Coron Constantine and Theodosius M. Jun. c. Forbad Courts of Judicature Suits at Law demanding Debts all publick Shews pleasures of all Sights opening of the Theatres his own Birth-Day or Inauguration on the Lord's Day 2. Wednesday and Friday Vid. postea Mahometan Friday the Mahometan-Sabbath because on that Day Mahomet was Proclaimed King or Emperor and solemnly so Created and withal to distinguish his Fellowers from the Jews and Christians They call this Sabbath of theirs Glumaagun Others say Mahomet was born on this Day Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens Greeks and Romans had no Weeks but divided their Months into 3 parts the Greeks into so many Decads the Romans into Kalends Nones and Ides The Kalends of every Month were dedicated to Juno On the Kalends of every
difference there is between their priest and people save that I observed they carried at the end of a Cane a piece of Cow's Tail and that one of them suffered the Nails of his two fore-fingers to grow to the length of Eagles Claw's Mandelslo's Trav. p. 207. Ortelius mentions a strange custom among the Tartars that their Priests on high Trees preach to them and after Sermon besprinkle their Auditors with Blood Milk Earth and Cow-dung mixt together Rosse In Pegu the peoples Alms are brought to the preachers in the pulpits whilst preaching Idem In Mexico the priests did preach on some Festival days to the people Idem Diabolical The Devil useth several ways for the instruction of his Scholars 1. Sometimes he is seen to go in a visible shape through the Countrey as in Sweedland A.D. 1669. and 1670 and appearing dayly to the people working upon the weaker sort by presenting them with Meat and drink not Spiritual Manna 2. Sometimes he assembles his Disciples in a Church by night and appears to them in the Habit of a black man with a little-Band instructing them out of the pulpit Glanvil 3. Sometimes at his night-meetings he exhorts them to observe his Laws to do mischief and promises they shall want nothing Cloths Victuals nor Mony Idem N. B. The Name of God or Jesus Christ is never used or mentionen'd at their Meetings But yet where it may serve for his purpose the Devil can pray and preach too and that exceeding well Vide Dr. Dec's Actions with Spirits Quote Scripture readily S. Matth. c. 4. 6. Sacraments Vows Jewish 1. CIreumcision called a sign Gen. 17. a Seal Rom. 4.11 Observe 1. The Time the 8th day precisely 1. That a Sabbath might pass over it 2. Or to shew that God is not tied to Sacraments in the Salvation of persons 3. Or that it might be out of its legal uncleanness its blood Lev. 22.27 c. 12.2 3. 2. The penalty for Omission viz. Cutting-off by bodily Death probably or Excommunication 3. The manner The Jews 1. Bathe the Child oft to take away the filth 2. Bring it to the Synagogue in Parade with several Boys one bearing a Torch of 12 lights 3. Another a dish of Sand to throw the Prepuce into Another the Circumcisang instrument of wood stone iron c. also oyl rags c. a Cordial Sometimes 4. The Baal-berith gives the Child to Mohel c. See more in Book Second 2. The Passover See before in the Ch. of Times of publick Worship Festivals c. Some Jews will not suffer the Women to make clean the House in preparation for the Passover because they say Talkativeness is so natural to that Sex that they cannot perform the Office with so great silence as is required Dr. Addison Ancient Christian 1. Baptism wherein observe 1. By whom it was administred 1. By the President Just M. Antistes Tertul the Bishop Ignat. Ep. ad Smyrn Tertul. de Bapt. S. Hierom saith it was so in his time Sometimes the Bishop began the Prosbyters carried it on 2. Presbyters and Deacons Tertull. Philip Baptized 3. A Man Orthodox Cyprian with 87 African Bishops more in Con. Carth. was for rebaptizing persons baptiz'd by Hereticks 4. Lay-unordained persons in case of Necessity as Tertull. Hierom c. positively asserts and Conc. Illibar rectified the custom with this proviso that if the person lived he should have confirmation from the Bishop for they account none could be saved without Baptism by Water or Blood Font or Martyrdom 5. Women never allowed to baptize unless among Hereticks 6. Athanasius's case viz. Baptizing when a Boy was rare 2. To whom 1. Infants v. Irenaeum Tertul. Orig. Cypr. c. 2. Adult after they had been Catechised and given account of their proficiency to the Bishop 3. When 1. All times alike at the first afterwards 2. From Easter or Whitsuntide whence dying to sin c. 3. Clinici in case of Sickness or Death any time 4. Where 1. Where was Water Just. M. 2. Ponds Springs Rivers c. Tertul. 3. Baptisteria near or in the Church these were large with a partition for Men and Women 5. How 1. With great nakedness and simplicity 2. Afterwards there was Catechising the Catechumen sate with his Face toward the West hands stretch'd out interrogated insufflated anointed immersed 3 times anointed again and cloathed with a white Garmen Confirmation Infants when adult Adult Persons a little after Baptism were brought to the Bishop and anointed sometimes viz. if they had not had Compleat Baptism vid. Con. Aurant always confirmed by imposition of Hands with devout Prayers that the person confirmed might grow in Grace and be enabled to perform the Vows of Baptism Lords Supper Observe 1. The Persons administring viz. the President only Tertul. de Coron Mil. c. 3. who consecrated the Deacons distributing Just Mart. Apol. 2. 2. The Communicants 1. At first the whole Church 2. As Christians multiplied and a more exact Disciplines grew necessary the Faithful only Catechumens and Penitents being excluded scandalous persons debarred Persons sick or on just causes absent had some little pieces of the Consecrated Bread dipt in the Cup carried to them usually by the Deacon sometimes by any other person 3. Persons dead i. e. such as lapsed and died suddenly to shew that they died in the Communion of the Church This abrogated by the Concil Carth. 3. Trull 1. 4. New Baptized Infants commonly 3. The Time 1. What days Every Lord's Day besides other Days and especially Saturdays on which all the Churches in the World except Rome and Alexandria used to celebrate this Sacrament Socrat. l. 5. c. 22. 2. What time of the Day 1. Our Saviour at Night 2. When the Apostles did is doubtful 3. Tertullian saith at Supper tempore victus 4. In the Morning before day Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. And Cyprian pleads for the Morning ad Cecil Ep. 63. This Custom obtain'd generally except in some places of Egypt Socrat. l. 5. 3. How often vid. post 1. At first every day as oft as they came together for Publick Worship We receive the Eucharist every day Cypr. de Orat. Dom. So S. Ambrose saith of his Church at Milan So S. Hierom of Rome In the East the custom wore off sooner S. Basil speaks of four times a Week Lord's Day Wednesday Friday Saturday besides Festivals 2. Afterwards once a Week three times a Year c. 4. The Place where 1. Our Saviour in a House at the Jews Passeover 2. The Apostles in an upper Room set apart for Church-Service 3. In Times of Persecution on Mountains Cryptâ— Tombs of Martyrs c. 4. When Temples were built at the East-end of the Church on a Table of Wood or Stone senced in with Rails Out of this place they were forbid to Communicate Laod. Cone Can. 58. unless in great necessity 5. The manner After the Service of the Catechumens 1. They offered all somewhat 2. Out of the Offerings which
Month Regina Sacrorum the Wife of Rex Sacrorum Sacrificed a Porker or Lamb to Juno Melchiades Pope appointed That none of the Faithful should keep a Fast on Sunday or Thursday because those Days the Pagans celebrated as it were an Holy Fast Carranz Sum. Decr. Melchiad Pa. Modern Heathen 1. In Ceylon Wednesday and Saturday are the chief Days when People that have any business with the Gods come and Address themselves to them i. e. 1. To pray for Health or help in some weighty Matter War c. 2. Or to Swear concerning any weighty Matter in Controversie 2. In Guinea and the East-Indies Tuesday is their Sabbath on which Day they forbear Fishing and Husbandry And the Palm-Wine which they get that Day must not be sold but given to the King who bestows it on his Courtiers to drink at Night 3. The Hindoes or Indians observe thursday as their Sabbath 4. The Bannyans observe a Monday-Sabbath Sir Tho. Herb. 5. In Tunquin the First and Fifteenth Days of the Month are their more especial Holy-Days celebrated with a mighty Chiming of Bells doubled Prayers Sacrifices Tavern In New-Spain every Twentieth Day which was the last of their Month Men were Sacrificed Rosse In Pegu every Monday New Moon is Festival And in Goa every New Moon Diabolical The Witches have their stated Times of Worship Sabbaths Joannes de Vaax Stabulensis Monachus inter alia recitabat indicendae Congregationis ita n. vocabat Statos condictos dies ubi nocte intempestâ ad destinata loca sodalitas comparebat c. Mart. Delr Disq Mag. l. 5. Glanvil saith They commonly meet by night and before their departure the Devil appoints the Time and Place for the next Meeting Some are of Opinion That when the Cock crows the Solemn Meetings of Witches are dissolved and this perhaps grounded upon the crowing of the Cock in the Gospel when Peter denied our Saviour Dr. Casaubon I will visit you at the fourth hour after Dinner said one of the Spirits to Dr. d ee in the close of one of his Actions with them Florimundus de Remundis refert apud Bardigalenses capitulum generale per Sortilegos indici solere diebus Mercurii Veneris Mensis cujuslibet ita enim confessos Sortilegii criminis reos M. Delr Diso Mag. l. 5. 13. Festivals unfixt and contingent Jewish NEW Moons were all of them Festivals among the Jews on which as on the Sabbaths People repaired to the Prophets for Instruction 2 Kings 4.23 Nor was it lawful to buy or sell upon these Days Amos 8.4 Now their New Moons are but half Holy-days for in the Morning they go to their Synagogues the rest of the Day they spend in Eating Drinking and Gaming The Day before they use to Fast when they first see her they utter a Benediction and leap three times towards her wishing their Enemies may come no nearer to hurt them than they are to hurt the Moon Rosse Feast of Dedication Vid. alibi in hoc libro Christian Commemorations of the Martyrs call'd by the Christians Natalitia or Birth-Days Concerning which observe these things 1. The place at the Graves of the Martyrs in their Coemeteria Cryptae or Grots distant from their Church 2. Antiquity Eusebius mentions the Church of Smirna's keeping Polycarp's Festival who died A.C. 268. 3. Strictness In Constantine the Great 's time they were to be kept very strictly by command It was lookt upon as a point of Prophaneness to be absent 4. Manner They were kept with Hymns Sermons Prayers Orations Oblations of Gifts Sobriety Devotion Sighs Tears for this purpose they had set Notaries to take the Acts Sayings and Sufferings of the Martyrs To these add Feasts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Common Banquets to which every one contributed and brought something out of which they gave a share to the Poor 5. Abolition Degenerating into Excess and Prophaned with Markets they were cryed down by the Fathers 6. Time Once a Year on the Day of their Martyrdom For they had Registers kept of the Days of their Passions Dr. Cave Prim. Chri. Here though not very properly I cannot forbear to add That Dr. Brown tells us when he was at Dresden in Misnia Dr. Luther's Holy-day was kept there Br. Travels p. 169. Mahometan Zinez in Turkey the Grand Seigniors Birth-day Antient Heathen 1. The day of Apotheosis or the Consecration when any Illustrious Man was inrolled into the number of Gods 2. Dies Natalitius or Birth-day celebrated antiently by every Persian 3. Encaenia or the Feast of Dedication in use among the Greeks Vid. Gyrald lib. 17. Histor Deorum Modern Heathen 1. The King's Birth-day which is kept at Deyly in tho East-Indies five days with great Pomp at Court the Palace covered all over with Paviolions of rich Stuffs precious Stones Gold Silver deck'd Elephants Presents made to the King Trifles given by him Feasting Bonefires Dances Dice c. The Mogul himself weighed in a Balance c. I was told saith my Author That a Banian of Deyly played so deep at Dice last Festival that he lost all his Money Goods House Wife and Children at last he that won gave back the Wife and Children but no more of the Estate then to the value of an 100000 Crowns M. de Thev See the second Book Frugality 2. The Chinese celebrate their Birth-days very solemnly a fortnights time spending the days in Pastime and the Nights with Feasts Sir Th. Herbert The Gaurs have thirty Holy-days in honour of their Saints which they keep very strictly no Man daring to work Especially their Prophet's Birth-day is celebrated with an extraordinary Pomp and giving of large Alms. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. There is one day in the Year when all the Women of every City and Village meet together to kill all the Frogs they can find in the Fields and this by the command of their Prophet who was one day much annoyed with them Idem When-ever there is an Eclipse of Sun or Moon the Indians break all their Earthen Pots and Dishes in the House which makes a hideous noise together And commonly Multitudes run to the River Ganges to wash themselves throwing Meats and Sweat-meats to the Fish the Bramins attending on them Idem 14. Times of Publick Worship Two Yearly 1. In Nisan March c. Jewish 1. PRincipal 1. The Passover which began Nisan the 14th and ended the 21st Consider 1. The Preparation 1. Taking a Lamb out of the Flock Abib the 10th if Sheep or Goats for each House one The Lamb 1. A Male. 2. Of the first Year 3. Without blemish 2. Cleansing the House and Vessels from Leaven two or three days before 3. Searching after Leaven with a Candle in all the Rooms c. 4. Burning and Cursing the Leaven * ⎠* Note Eating of Leaven in any of the seven days was punished with cutting off from Israel 2. The Celebration 1. Slaying the Lamb in the Evening between one and two a Clock 2. Offering it between two and
read twice in the week a Divinity Lecture Was hospitable sober humble suffered none to abide in his House who could not give account of his Faith and lived not accordingly Clark In Q. Mary's Days he was by K. Christian of Denmark's means dismissed out of Prison went into Germany Preached at Burghsaber upon the Queen's Death return'd but tho much sued to would not accept of his Bishoprick again but continued in London Preaching the Gospel as a private Minister whilst strength would permit and Died Anno. aetat 88. Mr. R. Greenham Preached twice on the Lord's Days and Catechised Preached on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday on Thursday he Catechized on Friday he Preached on the week-days in the Morning as soon as he could well see drenching his Shift with Sweating twice a day he Prayed in his Family after Sermon he took account of his Servants rising at 4. a Clock Winter and Summer to his Studies Disliked Martin-mar-Prelate a Book as tending to make Sin Ridiculous not Odious laid the charge of the Schism between Conformists and Nonconformists on either or neither side c. died at 60. Clark That Saint of ours so called by Jos Hall Bishop of Norwich Tunquin The Bonzes in Tunquin Beg for their Living and are not like the Bonzes in other Kingdoms who beg Alms as it were their due These on the contrary use all the modesty and humility that may be never taking more than is needful for them And if they have any thing to spare they give it to the Poor Widows and Orphans that cannot get their Living Tavernier's Collect. Zurich The Clergy of Zurich if they subsist plentifully they labour hard for they have generally two or three Sermons a day and at least one the first begins at 5 a Clock in the morning At Geneva and all Switzerland over there are daily Sermons which were Substituted upon the Reformation from the Mass but the Sermons are generally too long c. Dr. Burnet's Letters Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu give the People a Sermon when they come to Church and by their exemplary Lives preserve to themselves a good reputation Paquet broke open vol. 2. They Condemn and Preach against the Offerings the Commonalty make to the Devil they go barefoot live in Woods and Desarts eat but once a day they meddle not with Points of Doctrine but insist on points of Morality and good Works the Piety of their Lives gives them great Honours after their Deaths Ibid. Siam The Clergy of Siam are regular and exemplary in their Lives they Preach to the People on Festivals 't is burning alive to have to do with Women in every Temple there is a Convent of Priests to say daily Prayers morning and evening Ibid. Cambodia It is thought here a horrid Sacriledge for the Clergy to intermeddle with temporal Affairs Ibid. Mexico The Priests exercise daily 4 times at midnight morn noon and Sun-set lashing themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with Bodkins Preaching to the People at some Feasts Purchas Good Parishoners or People to their Priests Jews I Have already in the former Part signified the Allowances made to the Priest and Levite under the Law by Divine Ordinance and have not much more to add here save that first of all the People were generally very Just in paying their Tithes and some of them proceeded so far as to make a Decimation of their least things their Mint and Cummin lest they should not reach the Exactness of the Law Secondly That when they made any Address to the Prophets they commonly brought their Presents along with them as Saul to Samuel 1 Sam. 9.7 and Naaman to Elisha 2 Kings 5.5 Christians Alsted as I remember cites the Ancient Chronicles for it when he tells us That about the same time that Constantine the Great ordered Tithes to be paid to the Clergy a Voice was heard as it were from Heaven Nunc venenum infusum est Ecclesiae which I relate not as if I were of that Opinion that Tithes are not due but I fear the Payment in kind hath ill Effects The Clergy were so well maintained in the Primitive Times by the frequent Contributions of the People that Ammianus Marcell saith they lived like Pritices Ammian Marcell l. 27. St. Chrysostom was forced to make a whole Sermon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i. e. against them that envied the Clergy Dr. Cave Also He describes at length the sad State of Bishops and other Church-men since the Church enjoy'd fix'd Revenues because they forsook their Employments to sell their Corn and Wine and to look after their Glebes and Farms besides much of their time was spent in Law-suits He wishes that he might see the Church in the State that it was in in the Times of the Apostles when it enjoy'd only the Charity and Oblation of Believers F. Simon Hist of Eccl. Rev. out of Chrys Hom. 86. in Mat. St. Augustin was of the same Mind Ibid. In the Universities of Bern and Lausanne are maintained Professors the one for the German Territory which is the Ancient Canton and the other for the New Conquest which is the French in the former are about 300 Parishes in the latter about 150. But in the Benefices on the German side the ancient Rights are preserved so that some Benefices are worth 1000 Crowns whereas in the Pais de Vaud the Provisions are set off as Sallaries and are generally from 100 to 200 Crowns Dr. Burnet's Letters Heathens In Siam the Estaites of Persons of Quality are ordinarily divided into three parts one to the King one to the Ecclesiasticks they defraying the Charges of the Funerals and the third to the Children Mandelslo's Trav p. 104. In Pegu their Preachers are still Preaching and Begging their Alms are brought to them in the Pulpits whilst they are Preaching Rosse The People drink the Water wherein the Preachers wash themselves accounting it Holy Rosse In Mexico the Revenues of the Priests were great Rosse The Southern Americans have their Priests in great Esteem making use of them as their Physicians and therefore they are very Rich for they have all the Goods of him whom they cure Idem In Siam the Bonzes or Priests are highly reverenced as well at Court as among the People The King himself hath such a Value for some of them as to humble himself before them Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 18. Some of them live by Alms others have Houses with good Revenues Protestants At Zurich the Dean and Chapter are still continued as a Corporation and enjoy the Revenues which they had before the Reformation Dr. Burnet 's Letters The Bishop of Coire hath yet reserved a Revenue of about 1000 l. Sterling a year Ibid. 50 or 60 l. is the common Sallary of a Geneva Minister Papists One that knew the State of this Kingdom well assured me that if it viz. Naples were divided into five parts upon a strict Survey it
in aliud opus destinato Hence their Encaenia solemn Feasts at their Devoting of their Temples to the Worship of some Idol God Modern Heathen I confess I have not yet met with any thing in my reading to fill up this Section but am willing to leave a void space for the Reader to fill up at his leisure for his own Use for I cannot be induced to think but they generally use some Ceremony for this purpose tho perhaps our Travellers finding the Structures erected and peradventure long before their Arrival into the Countries might see nothing of it nor make enquiry about it Diabolical Delrius tells us out of a French Book of Florimund Raimunds a Senator of the King 's in the Court of Burdeaux that an old Woman Tried in that Court A. 1594. for Witch-craft confessed of her own accord That being a Girl she was enticed by an Italian Man on the Eve of S. John Baptist at Midnight to go with him into a certain Feild where the Italian mark'd out a Circle on the ground with a Beech Wand and muttered certain words over which he read out of a black Book and presently upon it a great black Goat stood by them with great Horns attended with two Females and by and by a Man came in Priests Habit c. Mag. Disq l. 6. 5. Priests and Church Officers their Distinction and Office Jewish 1. The High Priest whose Office was 1. Peculiar to himself as to enter into the Holy of Holies once a year upon the Propitiation day 2. Common with other Priests He had his Suffragan or Sagan 2. Inferior Priests whose Office was 1. To burn Incense and Offer Sacrifice 2. To sound the Trumpets for War and Assemblies 3. To slay the Sacrifices 4. To instruct the People 5. To Judg of the Leprosy David divided the Company of Priests into 24 Orders who were to serve in their turns by lot 1 Chro. 24. the chief of every Rank was called Summus Sacerdos 3. Levites in David's time divided 1. Into Treasurers some Gershonites 2. Judges and Overseers some Cohathites 3. Porters some Merarites 4. Singers In Moses time they bore the Tabernacle and Vessels c. 4. Prophets 1. Extraordinary Seers 2. Ordinary Expositors of the Law which no later times were 1. Wise men Pharisees wise above the Text of the Law taught Traditions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Scribes not the Writing-Masters but Doctors of the Law who were to Write Read and Expound the Law of Moses 3. Disputers who taught Allegories and the Mystical Senses of the Text call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Darshanim and their Homily Midrasch Note the First-born of all the Tribes were to manage Religious Affairs 'till the Levites were chosen in their room Exod. 13.2.15 Christian I. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecrated to the more proper and immediate acts of Worship These were I. Bishops usually chosen out of the Presbyters distinct from and Superiour to Presbyters as Blondid and Salmasius confess about the latter end of the Second Century Consider 1. Their Office viz. To Teach and Instruct the People to administer the Sacraments Excommunicate Absolve to preside in the Assemblies of the Clergy to ordain inferiour Officers to call them to Account to Suspend c. to urge the observance of Ecclesiastical Laws to appoint indifferent Rites to inspect and provide for those of their Charge 2. Order 1. Chorepiscopi Suffragan or County Bishops Vicarii Episcopi where the Diocess was large in imitation of the Seventy Disciples for so many they were at first 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Visitors Rural Presbyters who were to go up and down the Countrey to correct what was amiss 3. Arch-Bishops Metropolitans in every great City who were to Ordain or to Ratifie Elections of Bishops once a Year to Summon the Bishops under them to a Synod to enquire direct admonish suspend determine c. 4. Metropolitans Honorary or Titular without any real power yet taking place of other Bishops 5. Patriarchs Primates 2. Presbyters who were to Preach Baptize Consecrate the Eucharist assist the Bishop in publick Administrations These were 1. Clerici Superioris loci Antistites in ordine secunde Presbytens of every great City who were a kind of Ecclesiastical Senate Counsellors and Assistants to the Bishops in their Government and had Seats of Eminency in the Churches next the Bishop's Throne 2. Ordinary Presbyters N. B. They did not usually exercise the Power conferred by Ordination upon them in any Diocess without leave from the Bishop 3. Deacons who were to attend at the Lord's Table where the People met every Lord's Day to offer for the Poor Hence they have used to deliver the Sacramental Elements to the People also to Preach and Baptize Assistants to the Priest as he to the Bishop the number in any one place not above Seven 1. Arch-Deacon the Eye of the Bishop chosen out of the Deacons to inspect all parts of the Diocess 2. Sub-Deacon who assisted the Deacons waited at the Church Doors usher'd in and brought out the several Orders Catechumens c. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vid. Pag. 25. Mahometan 1. Musti i. e. Interpreter of the Alcoran who is as High-Priest attending only Matters of Faith and Religion He is Head of the Church and decides all Questions in their Law 2. Cadilesquiri Talismani i. e. Doctors of the Law resident at C. P. or where the Prince pleaseth These are as it were Patriarchs They examine the Cadis of divers Provinces These also call the People to Prayers among the Turks 3. Mulli qu. Bishops who place and displace Church-men at pleasure 4. Nuderisi qu. Suffragans who are to inspect the Cadis 5. Cadis Judges to punish Offenders there is one in every City 6. Naipi Young Judges or Candidates for the Office 7. Hogi who write Books and teach Sciences 8. Calfi who read unto them that Write 9. Sosti Young Students or Novices in the Law Some add Sophi Singers of Psalms c. Ancient Heathen 1. Pontifex Maximus the highest of the Chief Priests who was to appoint the Ceremonies belonging to the Worship of the Gods 2. Flamen or High Priest who was named according to the Gods whom they served as Hamen Martialis Hamen Dialis Humen Quirinalis c. 3. Priests 1. Of Cybele Curetes Corybantes Galli 2. Of Ceres and Bacchus Fratres Arvales who offered Sacrifices Ambarvales Hostias and Judged about the bounds of Fields 3. Of Mars Salii who were to keep the Ancile 4. Of Pan Lupercales c. 5. Of Jupiter Druids in use amongst the Gauls Curiones were Parish-Priests or Curates Two for a Curia Fifty Curiae in Rome over these was Curio Maximus 4. Priestesses of Vesta Vestal Virgins Six or Four in number who were to attend the Sacrifices of Ops or Bona Dea and to keep a Fire continually burning for the safety of the Empire as God hath set Stars in the Firmament for the good of the World Modern Heathen 1. The
three 3. The Company between ten and twenty meeting together and roasting it 4. Blessing the Cup and Bread 5. Dividing among the Guests 6. Eating it with 1. bitter Herbs and those Herbs 2. dipt in Sauce and all 3. without Leaven using also 4. in the posture of Travellers standing first afterwards lying or leaning 7. To a Child asking what means this Service Answering at large by way of Declaration or Annunciation Vid. Exod. 12.26 Also Godw. Antiq. 8. Washing the Feet of the Guests 9. Sprinkling the Door-posts wich the Blood 10. Eating all the Lamb breaking no Bones 11. On the Second Day Offering a sheaf of the First-Fruits of Harvest Lev. 23.10 for 'till then they might not reap 1. The Lamb was killed in the Court of the Temple 2. Was eaten in their own Houses in Jerusalem 3. The First and Last Days were Holy Convocations 4. Only the Circumcised might eat Ancient Christion and Muscovite 1. Principal 1. Easter wherein Observe 1. The Antiquity From the first Ages The Muscovites keep it now and call it Wellikoiden 2. The Time of keeping it 1. The Asiatic Churches on the first day of the first Month which always began with the Appearance of the Moon mostly answering to our March the Day of the Jewish Passover Thus did the Churches of Asia the less called Quartodecimans because they kept Easter on the 14th day after the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Moon Pleading the Example of the Apostles particularly S. John Polycarp c. Polycrates pleaded the Example of S. Philip. 2. The Western Churches on the Lord's Day following the Jewish Passeover Pleading likewise Apostolical Tradition The Procedure of the Controversie this 1. The Bishop of Rome would impose their Custom on the East 2. Polycarp comes to Rome to confer with Anicetus about it who agreed not yet part fairly 3. Pope Victor renewed the Quarrel threatening to Excommunicate the Eastern Churches 4. Irenaeus and others of his Party reproved the Pope for it 5. The Asian Churches went on 'till Constantine Summoning the Council of Nice which Ordained That it should be kept universally on the Lord's Day 3. The Preparation The Eve or Vigils of Easter was kept with Pomp Watchings multitudes of lighted Torches in Churches and private Houses so as to turn Night into Day as a Fore-runner of that Great Light The Sun of Righteousness Nazianz. 4. The Celebration of the Day it self It was spent in Works of Mercy and Charity to the Poor Constantine used to arise early this Day to bestow rich Gifts all over his Empire His Successors released Prisoners c. It was called The Holy and Famous Passeover Queen of Days Festival of Festivals Naz. Mar. 25. Blagauescenia Priziste bogorodice or the Annunciation of our Lady a Feast of the Muscovites D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Mahometan Persian-Azar Thirty One Days N. The Turkish Year consists of 354 Days divided into 12 Months Their several Months begin at the several Moons The Turks have their Easter too which they call Biram Vid. postea The Feast of Neurous i.e. New-years-day is kept in March when the Sun enters Aries so at Azmer in the East-Indies with Ornaments in the Palace much Pomp a Fair in the Seraglio by Ladies of the Court Feasting Dancing of Quinchenies Women and Maids of a Caste of that Name having no other Profession but Dancing Presents from and to the King M. de Thev Turk's Chaabanai Twenty Nine Days My Author accounts this also as a Feast of the Heathens in the E. Indies And so also in Persia say others who call it Nauras Ancient Heathen Mar. 27. Quinquatria Minervas Birth-Day Now the Salary Minerval was paid to the Masters It lasted 5 Days On the last Day Mar. 23. was the Tubilustrum a Lustration of the Sacred Trumpets 25. Hilaria Matris Deûm festa 28. Megalesia Modern Heathen The Chinese keep their New-Years-Day in March every Man striving to exceed others in the Fancy of their Pageants and adorning their Doors with Paper-Arches and Images all Night with Lanthorns and Lights Sin Th. Herb. Neurous New-Years-Day a Feast in the East-Indies M. de Thev In Tunquin every beginning of the Year they celebrate the Memory of those who in their life-time have done any noble Action reckoning in that number those that have been so hardy as to Rebel against their Princes and this with a very great Solemnity Tavernier When the Moon is at the full in March the Indian Idolaters keep a Solemn Festival for their Idol which is in form of a Serpent for nine days every Morning worshipping the Idol and the Maids dancing about it for an hour to the noise of Flutes and Drums after which they eat and drink and are merry till the Evening when they worship and dance about their Idol again M. Tavernier 2. In Ijar April and May. Jewish 10. A Fast Eli the High-Priest dies with both his Sons the Ark is taken Scaliger 23d Day of Ijar was ordained a Festival for the expiation of the Tower of Jerusalem by Simon Mac. 1 Mac. 13. Simon takes Gaza Scal. 28. A Fast Samuel the Prophet dieth and is lamented by all the People Scal. Ancient Christian Apr. 10. Palm-Sunday which the Muscovites celebrate with a Procession to represent out Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem Thus it was A. C. 1636. 1. The great Duke and Patriarch set out first 2. Many Priests followed in Copes and Surplices with Crosses Banners and Images upon long Poles some singing others casting Incense among the People 3. Goses the Duke's Merchants Clerks Secretaries Nobility and Gentry with Palms in their Hands c. 4. The great Duke with his Crown on his Head Supported by the Two Principal Counsellors of State led the Patriarch's Horse covered with Cloth and made to represent an Ass 5. The Patriarch rode upon him being himself attired with a round white Cap on his head of Sattin beset with rich Pearls and about it a very rich Crown a Cross of Diamonds in his right hand wherewith he bless'd the People who received his Benediction with bowing of their heads and making Crosses 6. About fifty little Boys most clad in red put off their Cassocks and scattered them along the way Others had pieces of Colth about an Ell square of all Colours which they laid on the ground for the Great Duke and Patriarch to pass over This is the same all over Muscovy D. of Holst Ambassador's Travels Apr. 17. was their Easter-Day 1636. Celebrated 1. With selling and sending Eggs of all colours to one another 2. Killing each other at Meeting with these words Christos wos Chrest i.e. Christ is risen the Answer is Wosten wos Chrest i.e. He is Risen indeed 3. Devotions at Church 4. Feasting Drunkenness c. Id. See afterwards under the Title of the Feasts of the Greck Church Wasnescenia Christova Ascension-Day a Feast of the Muscovites also Mahometan Persian Onzon Thirty Days This Month is called Ramadan as being the Month of Lent which they
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
destroy him i. e. a Giant killed by Crutchman God M. de Thev Meduserum A feast of the Persees kept the 15 of Fez'e or February in memory of some monthly benefit Jewish 1. The Sabbatical year every Seventh year To signify that they and theirs were the Lord 's 1. On this year they did not till the ground 2. They discharged their Debtors and released the Debts And this to teach them 1. To depend on Providence 2. To mind them of Adam's fruitful Paradise 3. To mind them of the Everlasting Sabbath peradventure to commence from the 7000th Year 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliae dict ex Talm. 2. Jubilee from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ram's Horn or Trumpet Josh 6.4 or Jubal Gen. 4.21 Every Forty Ninth Year On this Feast They 1. Restored Lands to the first owners 2. Released Servants 3. Preserved the Tribes distinct 4. It served for computation 5. They were put in mind of our Spiritual Jubilee under Christ by whom we are restored to our Land of Canaan and released of our Servitude and this signified too by the sound of the Gospel Zach. 9.14 As in the Babylonish Captivity so in the Dispersion since Christ they keep no Jubilee Rosse 3. Liver without ceasing denoted by the Fire continually burning upon the Altar Lev. 6.12 And again Holiness becomes thine House for ever And again Pray without ceasing Ancient Christian In imitation of the Jewish Pope Bonifiace 8th instituted A. C. 1300. the Popish Jubilee to be observed every 100dth year which Clement 6th abridged to every 50th year Ancient Heathen Amongst the Greeks 1. Olympia Games instituted by Hercules in Honour of Jupiter celebrated every Fifth year or 50th Month by 1. Running Five Exercises 2. Leaping Five Exercises 3. Quoiting Five Exercises 4. Wrestling Five Exercises 5. Hurling Five Exercises The Conquerors reward was a Crown with the Branch of an Olive Tree Amongst the Romans 2. Lustrum The Purgation of the City by Sacrifice every fifth year at which time the Censors went out of their Office and the Fee-Farm Rents were paid and then they Sacrificed a Sow a Sheep and a Bull in the Field of Mars to attone the Gods and purge the City 3. Ludi Seculares called also Tarentini from a place in Rome Celebrated every 100th year lasting three days in honour of Diana and Apollo The Young Virgins and Men were wont at this time to sing Hymns Poeanas to Apollo D' Assigny The Fire of the Vestal Nuns among the Greeks first and afterward the Romans seems derived from the Mosaic Institution The old Africans also whose chief Gods were the Sun and Fire kept Fire continually burning on their Altars Rosse Modern Heathen Tozcolt a kind of Jubilee in Mexico in Honour of Tezcalipuca kept in Mexico when there was given full Indulgence and Pardon of Sins In this day they did Sacrifice a Captive which resembled the Idol Purchas Every Twelfth Year in the City of Quilecare in Malabar is a Jubilee kept to the Honour of their Idol in which the King of that place on a Scaffold covered with Silk before the People washes himself Prayeth and having cut off his Nose Ears Lips c. at last cuts his own Throat as a Sacrifice to his Idol His Successor is bound to be present and to act the same Tragedy on himself next Jubilee Rosse The Pyree of the Persees in the E. Indies In Persia they had many Pyree or God-Fires not made of common Combustibles as Wood Straw Coals c. nor blown by any Bellows c. but kindled with Lightning or a Burning-glass c. Some to this day remaining above 1000 years as some say unextinguish'd Sir T. Herb. 15. The Peoples Reverence in Divine Worship Jewish WIth what Reverence the Jews were required to perform their Prayers and Publick Service antiently may be collected out of Sacred Scripture Now they Pray Girt standing upright Face Jerusalem-wards with Hand on the Heart and Head stooping abstaining strictly from Belching Yawning Spitting Breaking Wind c. Before their Synagogue they have an Iron fastened to make clean their shoes according to Solomon's counsel keep thy foot when thou goest into the House of God When they enter they put off their pantastoes Exod. 3.5 at entrance they pronounce some part of David's Psalms and must enter with fear and trembling Purchas See more in the chapter of Respect to places of Worship Ancient Christian They were required 1. To come to Church 1. In comely apparel with a grave pace silence chast body and mind Clem. Alex. pad 2. To use a modest voice order reverence in prayer Not to throw about their prayers with a wild and confused voice or disorderly prattling Gypr 3. Men with their heads bare as asham'd to look up to Heaven 4. Women covered Tertull. de Virg. veland 5. Hands lift up to Heaven a posture common to both Jews and Gentiles c. and expanded in form of a Cross Tertul. de Orat. c. 11. Apol. c. 39. 6. Kneeling most usually 7. Standing on Lord's days sitting ever held rude c. Tertullian falls heavy on some that clap'd themselves down upon their seats as soon as ever prayer was done and down-right charges it as against Script 8. Praying towards the East Either because that 1. Was the most excellent part of the Creation 2. Paradise was in the East Basil Const App. l. 2. 3. Or in resp of Christ the Son of Righteousness Clem. Alex. strom l. 7. Athan. c. 9. Standing usually at Sermon-time None sitting but the Bishop and Prsbyters Optat. de schism Donat. l. 4. Except In some Transmarine Churches perhaps Western the people had seats Aug. de Catech. ruaib It was part of the Deacons office to call on the people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in respect of body and mind Chrys de incomp dei nat Hom. 4. et Liturg Gr. 10. Especially at the Gospel A general custom Sozomen wonders at the Bishop of Alexand that he did not rise up at the Gospel a thing saith he which I never saw or heard in any other place Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 19. Philostorgius saith of Theophilus the Indian Bishop that amongst other irregularities he corrected in those Churches this was one sitting at the lessons out of the Gospels Hist Eccl. l. 3. n. 5. Constantine M. which Eusebius was making a Panegyrick before him in his Palace concerning our Saviour's Sepulcher would not sit down and when Eusebius besought him to sit upon his Throne yet would not and when Eusebius in compliance would have broken off and done he call'd on him to go on and when besought again he would still stand 11. People were forbid to depart till after the blessing Conc. Aurel. c. 22. Mahometan 1. The Mahometans after coming into Church say softly or aloud if they please I will imitate that Imam in what he doth 2. Next they put their hands upon their shoulders and say Allah ekber i. e. God is great 3. Then lay their hands one
over another upon the Navel and say softly some Prayers to themselves 4. They still keep their face to the Keble 5. At the end of every Prayer prostrate themselves on the ground and cry Allah ekber At Sabahnamaz they prostrate 8 times At Noon 20 times At the Quindy 16. At the Akschamnamaz 10. At the Yatzinamaz 24. 6. They never prattle nor talk in their Moschs but carry themselves with great Reverence 7. They turn neither this way nor that way whatever may happen M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen The people were obliged both among the Ancient Greeks and Romans to a grave Comportment all profane and rude persons being driven away And when any Sacrifice was offered both the Priest and People that offered laid their hands on the Altar to signifie their free consent and heartiness of Devotion Modern Heathen In the Becar a Province of the East Indies when the people come to their Pagods having taken directions from their Bramens they anoint their bodies with Oil and say their Prayers and depart M. de Thov But first they present their Oblations to the Idol Idem The Persians are covered on their Heads all day long with their Shasks not excepting the presence of their King nor their set times of Devotion Sir Tho. Herbert 16. The Rule of Worship Jewish 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses The Prophets The Psalms H. Scripture Hammi-kra Reading 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Secondary Law consisting in Traditions for many Years unwritten or dispersed without Order till after our Saviour's time and then by Rabbi Juda reduced to Aphorisins which afterwards became of great Authority with all the Jews The Book is called Mischna i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its parts are as followeth 1. Zeraim of Fruits and Seeds c. 2. Moed of Fasts 3. Naschim of Women Divorces Diseases 4. Nezikim of Losses 5. Kodaschim of Sacrifices and sacred things 6. Tahoroth of Purifications Hotting Their Religion is contained in the Old Testament and Talmud M. de Theven For say they Moses was not with God on M. Sinai 40 Days and 40 Nights to keep Geese Purchas Canons also were made by the Sanhedrim and varied in several Generations about the Times of Morning and Evening Service the Number of Prayers to be said daily which at last grew to be 18 c. Dr. Lightfoot To study and read the Bible is a Vertue and not a Vertue i. e. a small Vertue but to learn their mischna or Talmud-Text is a Vertue worthy Reward and to learn Gemaram the Complement of the Talmud is a Vertue so great that none can be greater Purchas ex Tract Banamaziah Ancient Christian 1. H. Scripture Our pious Fathers fetcht their Weapons against the Hereticks out of no other Armory than the Scripture Augustine against Patilianus the Donatist saith Let not these words be heard among us I say or you say but let us rather say Thus saith the Lord Jerome saith whatever things are asserted as delivered from the Apostles without Scripture-Testimony are smitten with the Sword of God Ambrose to Gratian the Emperour Let the Scriptures be asked saith he Let the Apostles be asked Let the Prophets be asked Let Christ be asked Jewel's Apol. I adore the fullness of Scripture Let Hermogenes's School shew that it is writ if not writ let him be afraid Tertul. 2. Traditions Of which Tertullian speaks in these words I will begin with Baptism where coming to the Water we testify before the President That we renounce the Devil his Pomps and his Angels then are we thrice dipt answering somewhat more than Christ commanded in his Gospel The Sacrament of the Eucharist which our Lord instituted after Supper we partake of in our meetings before the Day arise we think it wickedness to fast or to pray kneeling on the Lord's Day we kneel not from Easter till Whitsuntideâ— Whensoever we go forth or come in or whatsoever we are conversant about we sign our foreheads with the sign of the Cross And if you do require a Law of Scripture for these Observations you will find none Tradition will be alledged as the Author and Custome the confirmer of them de Coron Mil. c. 3.4 Vincentius Lirinensis saith he many a time and with much industry and attention enquired of Holy and Learned Men how he might by a certain general and regular way discern the Truth from Falshood c. and he always received this kind of Answer First by the Authority of the Divine Law and secondly by Tradition of the Catholick Church Because saith he tho the Scripture be perfect and more than sufficient for all things yet by reason of its heighth it is diversly interpreted Let us endeavour to hold that which hath been believed every where always by all Vin. Lirin Commonit c. 1 and 3. Mahometan Mahomet distinguisheth the Law into 1. Written viz. The Alcoran so called from Al this and Koran Reading of 124 Azoaras or chapters On the Cover of which they write Let none touch this but he that is clean Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common people The Priests never touch their Alcoran without an Expression of much outward Reverence So the people at seeing or hearing of it read shew much attention affection and reverence The Alcoran written in Heaven and sent in the month Ramadan They lift it to their heads before they read it It hath no method or order in it 2. Unwritten viz. the Suna or Assonna Traditions whereof Bochari hath published 7275 Titles or Apothegms Most of the Mahometans do firmly believe them all called therefore Populus Sunae N. B. They receive the Decalogue of Moses and cause it to be observed by all M. de Theven Ancient Heathen 1. Written The Romans had the Books of Sibylla Cumana kept by a College of 8 Pontiffs with a Chief whose Office it was to regulate all the Ceremonies relating to the Worship of the Gods Galtruch What Rites of Sacrifices and Worship were to be observed were not only diligently prescribed in the Laws of Sacrifices but by the Oracle of Apollo enjoyned to be observed with much Accuracy Nat. Com. 2. Unwritten The Druids of Gaul held it not lawful to commit their Verses of which they had a great number containing the mysteries of their Discipline to writing Caesar Comment Modern Heathen 1. The Hindoes or Indians call the book of their Law Shestâ—r or the book of their written word which hath been transcribed in all ages ever since the first delivery of it not long after the Creation as they say by thee Bramins out of the which they deliver Precepts unto the people Viz. 1. Thou shalt not kill any living creature c. 2. To observe times of fasting and hours of watching 3. About Festivals c. 4. To take their food moderately c. 5. Help the poor as far as possible 6. Not to tell false Tales 7. Not to steal 8. Not
to defraud 9. Not to oppress 2. The Persees in their book of Religion have these Precepts the book called Zundawastau 1. To have shame and fear ever with thâ—â— 2. To consider whether what they take in hand be good or bad commanded or forbidden 3. To keep their Eyes and hearts from coveting what is another's and their hands from hurting any one 4. To have a care always to speak the Truth 5. To be known only in their own businesses and not to enquire into and to busie themselves in other mens matters 6. Not to entertain any other Law besides what they have delivered to them from their Prophets M. de Thevenot 3. The Indian Bramins call the books of their Religion Bets which are four in number which they say God sent to them and that they are the Keepers M. de Thev The Gaurs have a large Book in three parts relating to Salvation Dreams and Physick in a language which themselves scarce understand but by the help of other Books M. Tavernier l. 4. Diabolical The Devil is very cunning a notable Politician S. Paul knew him so and therefore uses many words to set out his Frauds His Interest and Subtility are the only Rules he goes by And he Attacks all persons he hath to deal with according to their Genius Exempl g. Balaam a false Prophet by Apparitions Dr. Dee a Mathematician by Magical Devices our Saviour by sacred Scripture the obstinate Jews by a false Messiah a Barcocab Enthusiastical Persons by Revelations Dreams Fancies Learned Men by Curiosities the Religious by Superstitions c. 17. The manner of calling Assemblies Jewish THE Jews Sounded Trumpets formerly Also they rung the great Bell Migrepha Now about five in the Afternoon the Door-Keeper of the Synagogue knocks at their Doors with a Hammer warning them to repair to Evening Prayer Rosse Ancient Christian At first certainly the Christians by agreement among themselves appointed the Day and Hour before-hand and conveyed the notice thereof by word of Mouth Pancirollus refers the Invention of Bells to Paulinus Bishop of Nola about the Year of Christ 400. But he rather changed the use of them to religious purposes Dr. Holid on Juv. In Cyprus the Greeks are called to Church in the Morning by one or two a Clock by the striking on their Door with a Hammer the Clerk uttering these words Christians go to Church Taver l. 2. c. 2 p. 81. The Musccvites have no Bells in Steeples but in a certain Engine or Machine near the Church in the Church-Yard and are for the most part so small that few of them are 150 or 200 pound weight They toll them at beginning of Service and at the elevation of the Chalice The Rope being fasten'd not to the Bell but the Clapper they easily Chime many together The Abyssines have no Bells of Brass or mix'd Metal but a kind of hollow Vessels made of Wood Stone or Iron more for noise than delight to the Ear. Job Ludolph Salmuth c. They have two great Bells in the Convent of Niamoni in the Isle of Chio. The Turks allowing them to Christians no where else There are little ones in every Village M. de Thev I passed by a Church in Ispahan where hearing a great noise I went into it the noise was made by striking with a great Stick upon a Deal-Board that was hung up which the Armenians are forced to make use of instead of Bells the Persians not permitting them to make use of any D. of Holst Amb. Trav. p. 208. Mahometan The Mahometans are called to Church five times a day by a Cryer by a Cryer bauling aloud Alla Allah Allahu The Turks call Etchmeasin in Persia the Seat of one of the Armenian-Patriarchs the Church with Bells for they are used here and no where else in Turkey except in Moldavia Valachia Mount Athos The Muczim goes up to a Minaret at every Mosque and stopping his Ears with his Fingers he sings and cries these words with all his force Allah ekbar c. i. e. God is great God is great is great great shew that there is but one God shew that Mahomet is his Prophet come and present your selves to the Mercy of God and ask Forgiveness of your Sins God is great God is great God is great God is great There is no other God but God M. de Thev This they do five times a day and on Friday six The Faquirs or poor Mahometan-Voluntiers the have many Disciples call them together when they assemble by the Sound of a Horn or the Beat of a Drum M. Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 2. Ancient Heathen The Persians did call an Assembly before Day-light saith Strabo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the sound of a Bell. l. 15. The Priestesses of Bona-Dea at Rome were called to the Service by a Horn. Upon the Festival of Dame Flora the Rabble and idle Strumpets were called together by the sound of a Trumpet Modern Heathen In Pegu the Talapoi Summon the People to Church by sounding a brass Bason Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Mexico they awaked the People to Service with a Trumpet The Bannyans are called to their Idolatrous Devotions to their Pagods under their Trees with the sound of a little Bell. Sir Tho. Herb. In some parts of Java particularly Bantam they use Drums instead of Bells which they beat with a Bar as big as a Weaver's Beam and sometimes brass Basons Mandelslo In Siam their Pagods have Steeples and Bells Tavernier Upon tolling of the Bells they rise to Prayers about 4 it the Morning which they repeat again toward Evening Idem In Tunquin also they have Bells Idem In Gilolo and Amboyna they bring their Daemon or Nito to a conference by the sound of a little Tabor called Typha and with lighted Candles and Words of Conjuration Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Diabolical In Amboyna to have conference with the Devil whom they call Nito they assemble to the number of 20 or 30 and call upon him with the beat of a little Drum consecrated to this use which they call Typha Mandelslo In New-England 1692. at Salem one G. B. was reported by some of the Witnesses for Summoning other Witches to a Sacrament with the sound of a Trumpet who failed not from all Quarters to go towards the appointed place of Meeting soon after the Sound Cotton Mather in his Wonders of the Invisible World 18. The Parts and Order of Divine or Religious Worship Domestical Jewish 1. PArts of Divine Worship Domestical Daily Daniel prayed thrice a day and praised GOD and it was his manner so to do Dan. 6.16 David prayed at Morning and Evening and Noon Night and Day even in his Bed making it swim with tears Anna served the Lord in the Temple with Fasting and Prayer Night and Day Luke 2.37 GOD appointed a Lamb to be offered for a daily Sacrifice Morning and Evening He that eats Bread with unwashen hands sins as grievously as he that lies with
shewing our fitness to praise God at all times 1. A particular Collect for the Day 2. A Commemoration out of the Dypticks 3. Another Collect post Nomina 4. Another Ad Pacem 5. A Preface relating to the Saint commemorated 6. Concluded with a Trisagion 7. Another relating to the Consecration 8. A devout Prayer for benefit by the Sacrament 9. A Collect for the Occasion ended with the Lord's Prayer 10. A Conclusion for the Day 11. A Benediction for the people 12. A Collect after the Eucharist 13. A short Thanksgiving Stilling fl ex Card. Bon. rerum Liturg. l. 1. c. 12. Mahometan Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common People yet is repeated by the Moolaas or Priests and also by she common People The Mahometans also rehearse the Names of God and of Mahomet certain times on their Beads as the Papists do their Prayers The Devout Mahometans in a solemn manner assemble in their Mosquits or Churches where by their Moolaas upon Fridays some selected parts of their Alcoran are publickly read unto them which their Moolaas never touch without an expression of much outward Reverence And then they deliver some precepts out of it Purchas thus describeth their Method 1. They Wash 2. Go with a Sober pace to the Mâ—squit 3. In the Mesch it they all turn their Faces Southwards towards Mecha as the Jews towards Jerusalem 4. The Meizin or Sexton stands up and reads that Psalm which before he had cryed to them in the Steeple 5. Every one stands up holding his Hands fasten'd to his Waste and bow their Heads to their Feet with great Reverence and without stirring 6. Then the Iâ—am reads a Psalm aloud the Meizin as the Clark answering 7. This ended they fall on the ground and say Sabau Alla Sabau Alla Sabau Alla God have Mercy c. abiding Prostrate till 8. The Imam sings again his Psalm and then they rise This they do four or five times 9. The Meizin with a loud voice Prays God to Inspire the Christians Jews Greeks and all Infidels to return to their Law all kneeling and then with his hand lift up crying Amin Amin. 10. They touch their Eyes or wipe them with their hands as blessing themselves and bring their hands over their Face they depart Out of Menavius On Friday at nine of the Clock the Priest Preaches to the People out of the Life of Mahomet after which two little Boys stand up and sing certain Prayers Which ended the Priest and all the People with a low Voice sing a Psalm and then for half an hour they cry Illah Illelah i. e. There is but one God After all this one of the Antippi out of the high place 30 steps high shews to the People a Lance and Scimiter with Exhortation to use their Swords and Lances in defence of their Religion Purch Antient Heathen The Order of the Roman-Heathen Service out of Galâ—â—uchius 1. A choice was made of the Animals proper to the Gods A Buck for Mars a Horse and Bull for Neptune a He-goat for Bacchus Cows for Ceres and Juno She-goats for Diana young Kids for Faunus c. 2. They examined the Sacrifice whether it had any Blemish or Spot 3. They Lustrated 1. The Sacrifices 2. The Utensils 3. The people present who if they had any denatural default were driven a way by the Herald crying Procul este profani 4. The Priest took a himp of Burnt Corn or Meal mixt with Salt and Water called salsa fruges or mold salsa or Libum Adoreum and cast it upon the Victim 5. They killed the Victim and if it were an Holocaust burnt it all in the Fire otherwise part was reserved for the Priest and part for them that gave it 6. While the Beast was laid upon the Fire the Officers held their hands upon it and Prayed with the Priest 7. Then they poured Wine into the Fire 8. They Danced round about the Altar and sung Hymns 9. The Herald called upon the Priest Age quod Agis Modern Heathen The Chingulayes in Worshipping the Planets 1. Make Images of Clay deformed horrible in shape some with Tusks some with Horns c. 2. Set victuals before them and when they do it in case of sickness they breing the Sick Man and lay him before them all the while 3. They use Drums Pipes Dancing all Night and Day at least while the Ceremony lasts 4. They throw the Images into the High-way and the Victuals are eaten by Attendants and Beggars In Worshipping the Devils 1. They build a new House in their Yard like a Barn very slight covered with Leaves and Adorned with Branches and Flowers 2. They bring some Weapons or Instruments out of the Pagods and lay them on Stools at one end 3. They use Drumming Singing Piping and Dancing 4. They give away the Victuals to the Drummers Pipers Beggars and Vagabonds In Worship of the Supreme God 1. Observe they seldom do it but when lesser Devils fail 2. They prepare an Offering of Victuals ready dressed one dish always a red Cock. 3. They carry this Sacrifice into the Woods and lay it down to the Honour of their great Idol 4. There are Men before the Offering in an horrible disguise like Devils with Bells about their Legs and Doublets of a strange Fashion Dancing and Singing to invite if possible the God himself to come and eat of the Sacrifice 5. The Sick Person on whose account this Service is performed is all the while present Cap. Knox. In Guinea and the East-Indies they use neither Form nor Method in their Devotions But every one makes a God after his own Fancy Author of the view of the Engl. Acquis in Guin and E. Ind. On Festival-days the Felistero having 1. Set a Table in the Market-place 2. He placeth a seat upon it and sitteth thereon 3. He Preacheth 4. The Women offer him their Infants whom he sprinkles with Water in which a live Snake swims wherewith he likewise besprinkles the Table 5. He then uttereth certain words very loud 6. He stroakes the Children with some kind of Colours as if giving his blessing 7. He himself drinks the Water 8. The People clap their hands and cry I on I on and so he dismisseth the Assembly View of the Engl. Acquis in Guinea c. Diabolical Delrius tells us of some Semblance of Mass used at the Witches Meeting and a kind of Sacrament Disq Mag. l. 6. Glanvil tells us of 1. Kissing the Devil's Breech 2. Renouncing their Baptismal Covenant 3. Giving Soul and Body to him 4. Promising to observe his Laws and to do mischief and to keep secrets 5. Signing the Paper wherein these Articles are contained with an O or Cross which they make with Blood out of the fourth Finger of the right hand 6. Calling him Robin or saying O Satan give me my purpose 7. Doing courtesy to him 8. Anointing themselves with Oyl which the Spirit brings them 9. Permitting the Devil
cover'd with Silk-Tapistry four Arch-Bishops sitting with their backs to a Pillar at his right hand The Service was solemnly perform'd by an Arch-Bishop with two Bishops on each side 5. When the Arch-Bishop had made certain Prayers he gave the Book wherein he had read the Gospel to the Patriarch Bishop and People to kiss at last many kissed the Patriarch's hand c. In Muscovy all say their Prayers either standing or kneeling for they have neither Seats nor Benches in their Churches The late Great Duke who was much given to Devotion lay all along upon the ground when he said his Prayers D. of Holst Ambassad Trav. p. 102. Note I liked one thing that I saw both at Strasburgh and here viz. at Frankfort that at the end of Prayers a considerable interval of silence was left before the conclusion for all People's private Devotion Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometan The Turks pray 5 times a day concerning which they have many Traditions some necessary some of counsel and decency e. g. 1. In noon and afternoon prayers to be read with a low voice in the morning and at night with a loud voice if an Imam be present else 't is indifferent 2. The men lift up their hands to the tip of their Ears the women to their Jaws 3. Accompanying the Imam which a low voice in all he doth imitating 4. Prostration touching the ground with forehead Nose c. These things make the Prayer Null 1. Talking laughing or weeping loud at Prayer unless at the mention of Paradise or Hell 2. Scratching 3 times in one place passing before the Imam without prostration turning their face from the Keble advancing the space of two Ranks beginning the Prayer when the Imam begins another a mistake in reading saluting any willingly 3. They may not pray in the habit they commonly work in 4. Nor before the fire yet they may by a Candle or Lamp The Expiation for a fault of Inadvertency is Prostration Ancient Heathen 1. The persons praying viz. Priests and others c. 2. Times and Seasons At Sacrifices publickly 3. The place At the Altar and in the Temples 4. The Form A verse out of a Book Theag. lib. de diis v. Nat. Com. The Gentiles read their Prayers out of a Book before their Sacrifices Ne quid praepostere dicatur Alex. ab Al. l. 4. c. 17. They often began thus Dii Deaeque omnes c. i.e. O all ye Gods and Goddesses c. 5. Gesture They Prayed standing to the Superior Gods sitting to the Inferior 6. The Matter At public Sacrifices they Prayed that the God would accept their Offering and be bountiful and pleasant c. At other times they put up odd Petitions as Juno Verenda concede Fratrem occidere c. Eurip in Phaen. Da mihi fallere da justum sanctumque videri Horat. Plato Advised That whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed should be first shewed to the Priests lest they should err Modern Heathen In Slam the Religious Orders are tied to rise at Midnight to pray to their Idols Rosse In Goa they pray to the Sun and Moon c. and to the first thing they meet with in the morning tho a Goose or an Ass and all the day after they Pray to it But a Crow they cannot abide Idem About Jemena in Bengala they use to Pray naked in the Water and to do Pennance by lying flat on the ground kissing the Earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about 40 times Idem See more of this in the Second Part of this book under the Title of Prayer Magical Ad illum viz. Cacodaemonem complicatis genibus supplices accessistis Mart. Delrio Sebast Michael in Pneumalog refer exemplar sententiae latae Avinioni Anno. 1582. Glanvil saith they call the Devil sometimes Robin and pray to him O Satan give me my purpose Dr. d ee in all his Actions with Spirits tells us that he always went to prayer not to the Devil professedly but to God Oravimus ad Deum ejus implorabamus auxilium And in the end of his Action he concludes with a short Thanksgiving to God Omnis Spiritus laudet Deum nostrum unum trinum Amen Nay the very occasion of his falling into this Magical Delusion next to his Mathematical Studies is supposed to be his earnest Prayer to God for Wisdom such Wisdom as he was ambitious of Dr. Casaubon 2. Praises Psalms Hymns Jewish THere were 3 kinds of Musical Persons among the Jews 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that plaid upon Musical Instruments 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that sung with the Voice 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that joyned Vocal and Instrumental Musick together Alsted Encycl N. 2630. The Song of Miriam was uttered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with alternate Melodies saith Philo Jud. de vit Mosi l. 3. The President of the Essenes standing up sung an Hymn composed in praise of God and after him did others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in their Orders in convenient manner and when they came unto the Close of the Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id. de vit contempl The Hallel was sung over at the Passover from Ps 113 to Ps 118. The 92d Psalm on the sabbath-Sabbath-day Psalm 9.4 every Wednesday Dr. Light Templ Serv. p. 59 139. Ancient Christian Hymns and Psalms were accounted a considerable part of Divine Worship Dr. Cave vid. Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. They were either Extempore or set The Council of Laodicea ordered That no Psalms of private composition should be recited in the Church Can. 59. also that a Lesson should be interposed between every Psalm In this Duty all the Congregation bore a part joining together Afterward the custom was to sing Alternatim course by course answering one another Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 2. c. 24. who saith it was first brought in by Flavianus and Diodorus in the Ch. of Antioch in the Reign of Constantine but Socrates saith by Ignatius who in a vision had heard c. Socr. Eccl. H. l. 6. c. 8. Pliny saith the Christians did secum invicem canere Theodosius Junior rising early every morning with his Sisters did together interchangeably sing Psalms of Praise De Orig. They Sung Hymns and Psalms at Dinner a custom which Clem. Al. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. S. Augustine saith we have the precept and example of our Saviour Christ and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies Orig. Brit. Also he saith the Customs of Churches were very different about these matters In the Churches of Asric he saith they confin'd themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal but he allows singing for one of the solemn parts of Divine Service with which he joyns
reading the Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Ibid. Hymns of the Church Just Mart. Hymns proving the Divinity of Christ Euseb Hymns of Nepos Idem Hymns of St. Ambrose S. Hilary Prudentius generally used Te Deum attributed by Arch-Bishop Vsher to S. Nicclius Bishop of Triers A. D. 535. or of Lyons 567. Gloria Patri used anciently in the Eastern Church Basil in the Gallican Churches at the end of every Psalm Cassian at Rome mostly after the Responsoria Walafr Strab. Singing in Ambrose's time taken into use at Millain and the Western Churches upon occasion of a Persecution under Justina Valentinian's Mother Augustine commends Athanasius his plain distinct singing like reading Mahometan The Mahometans have several ways of praising God viz. by Singing Musick Dancing c. according to the different Sects which are among them but the most pleasant is that of the Dervises with Flutes Drums Dances Vocal-musick reading of the Alcoran and exposition of it Concerning which see afterwards in the Chapter of Saints See more in the Practical Part in the Chap. of Praising God Ancient Heathen Observe 1. The Matter and Contents Callimachas writing a Hymn to the praise of Apollo begins thus None so skilful an Artist as the famous Apollo He 's skill'd in Song and skill'd in Archery A Prophet He and great Physician too He Mortals taught to build Apollo loves Architecture c. Orpheus observes the same method viz. 1. Declaring the Vertues of the Gods 2. Praying that they may be brave and happy and give a blessed end to their Banquets 2. The Form They had three Stanzaes or parts 1. Strophe sung in turning from the East to the West 2. Antistrophe in returning from the West to the East 3. Epode Sung while they stood before the Altar for they used to Dance in this manner whilst they Sung the Hymns about the Altar 3. The time Alway when the Persians Sacrificed a Magus Sung a Hymn The Arabian Priests were bound to spend their time in singing Hymns and rehearsing the Acts of their Gods Rosse N. Plato l. de leg adviseth that whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed they should first shew them to the Priests lest they should ask evil things for good Greg. Naz. saith Julian the Apostate in imitation of the Christians did appoint among the Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Form of Prayer to be said in parts Modern Heathen Among the Samodies the Priest in his Divine Service doth not Sing but Howl and that so long till he become like a Mad-man and then falls down as if he were dead but riseth again orders five Deer to be Sacrificed and then thrusts a Sword half way into his belly still singing or howling rather c. Rosse Among the Indians Old and Modern dancing to the Idols is accounted part of divine Worship Idem In Goa when they Sow Mow go to Sea and when the Women lye in and when they return from Sea they feast their Idols with Musick and other Solemnities 14 days together Idem In Narsinga their Idol is carried yearly in Procession with Virgins and Musick going before Idem In Florida they worship the Sun and Moon with dances and songs howling feasting and cutting of their Skins Diabolical Profane wanton Songs which vitiate and corrupt the minds of men Chrysostom in Ps 117. calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delrius in his Magic Disquis makes mention of Multae Jubilationes Saltationes commessationes compotationes et ludi in honorem ipsius praesidentis Beelzebub l. 5. Sec. 16. Mr. Glanvil tells us 1. At going to meeting they go singing Thout tout a tout throughout and about 2. At their Feasting the Devil plays on a Cittern or Pipe 3. At parting the word is A Boy merry meet merry part 4. In their Return they cry Rentum Tormentum Doctor Dee in his Actions with Spirits used frequent Thanksgivings for instance when by the help of one of his Spirits he had found three of his Books which had been burnt the 10th of April before I fell saith he upon my Knees with great thanks-yielding to the God Almighty Act. with Spirits p. 418. 3. Sacrifices Jewish THE Oblations of the Jews according to Purchas his Relations and Theol. Discov of Asia c. were 1. Sacrifices 1. Burnt-Offerings Consumed by the perpetual fire upon the Altar being that which God miraculously sent down from Heaven to consume Aaron's Sacrifice Nadab and Abihu were stricken with a revenging fire from God for using other Vide Lev. 1. 2. Meat-Offerings Made of fine flour without Honey or Leaven and with Oil and Incense on the Altar or Frying-pan or Oven or Caldron Lev. 2. part whereof was sacred to the Lord by fire part for the Priests 3. Peace-Offerings The Fat and Kidneys whereof were to be burnt the Fat and Blood being universally forbidden them to eat the breast and right shoulder was the Priests The rest went to the Sacrificer to be caten the first or second day or the third day burnt with Fire Lev. 3 7. 4. Sin-offerings viz. for sins of Ignorance of the Priest Prince People c. vide Lev. 4 6. 5. Trespass-Offerings viz. in case of contempt when the sin was done willingly Lev. 6. To these were adjoyned Prayers and Praises with musical instruments and voices 6. Offerings of Consecration proper to the Priests vide Lev. 6.10 7. Of Purification as of a Woman after Child-birth Lev. 12. or a Leper Lev. 13 14. or for unclean issues of Men and Women c. 15. 8. Of Expiation on that Feast-day so called Lev. 16. Add to these 1. The Lights 2. Incense every morning and evening on a golden Altar whereto the Priests only had access with such perfume as is prescribed Exod. 30. 2. Gifts 1. According to the Law 1. First-Fruits of Man of Beasts of the Earth 2. Tithes to the Levites to the Priests the Temple a 3d. year's Tenth 2. By Vow 3. Of Free-will Now the Jews content themselves with reading the Precepts concerning Sacrifices comforting themselves with Hos 14.3 Ancient Christian Cyprian severely chides a rich Widow of his time who came to the Sacrament without giving any thing to the poor man's box did partake of others Offerings not giving any thing of her own de Oper. Eleemos Concerning the Oblations of the Primitive Christians we may observe 1. That Bread and Wine was ordinarily Offered every Lord's Day by all the men and Women Carranz in Sum. Dec. Fabia Pa. 2. That the Offerings of them who did not Communicate were not to be accepted Id. Sum. Eliber Conc. c. 28. 3. That none were to receive these Offerings but the Bishop or his Substitute upon pain of being Anathematized Conc. Gangr c. 8. 4. That the Oblations were to be distributed by the Bishop according to the Necessity of the Faithful Carrauz Sum. Decr. Vrban Pap. 12. qu. Res Eccl. 5. That of the Oblations of the
seals the Child i. e. crosseth him on the Forehead Mouth Breast recites a Prayer and waves him in his Arms in form of a Cross elevates him and dismisseth him 3. He blows three times on the Child to dispossess the Devil 4. Pours Water in form of a Cross in token of peace with God 5. Takes the Child out of the Gossip's Arms of which they never have but one and makes the sign of the Cross with Oyl on the Fore-head Breast Reins saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. He next dips it 3 times in water and looking toward the East saith The servant of God is Baptized in the Name of the Father Amen Of the Son Amen c. N. Their Gossips or Compatri commence a great Friendship and fancy that they cannot mix consanguinity 2. Chrism Tho joyned with Baptism is different from it grounded on 2 Cor. 1.21 22. On Good Friay the Arch-bishop or Bishop consecrates the Oyl It is made of Xylobalsamum Echinanthes Myrrh Xylocatia Carpobalsamum Laudanum and other Gums and Spices F. Simon They defer Baptism till the 3d 4th 6th 10th 14th year 3. Eucharist 1. For preparation they distribute Panem Benedictum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the parts of Bread which remain of the Consecrated Loaf These they carry home to such as cannot come These they say have power to remit Venial Sins 2. In the Chancel on a Table is a Loaf set in this form 3. This the Priest Signs three times using these words In the remembrance of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ 4. He strikes a small Lance several times into the Loaf saying by parcels As a Lamb before his Shearers c. 5. Cuts a piece for himself lays it by the Patina thrusts his Lance into the Bread again with other words cuts a second part forms it like ▵ saying In honour and memory of our blessed Lady Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary through whose Prayers O Lord accept this Sacrifice to thine Altar 6. Then cuts out more pieces in memory of John Baptist Moses Aaron Peter Paul Basil Gregory Cosma Damianus c. And Lastly a ninth in honor of S. Chrysostom whose Liturgy is read that day The 9 parcels in reference to the 9 Hierarchies of Angels 7. Then follows the Offertory for the Living every Christian Prelate and the particular Bishop that Ordained the Priest especially those who paid for that Mass the Founders of the Church the Parents and Friends of those which paid for the Mass 8. The Priest lifts up a Silver Star over the Bread saying some short Prayers goes from the place of the Offertory reads the Epistle and Gospel for the day returns covers the Bread and Wine sets it on his Head carries it in Procession through all the Church the People bowing making Crosses throwing infirm persons in the way 9. The Apostles Creed is recited the Veil taken off Air moved over the Bread with a Fan signifying the breath of the Spirit c. 10. The words of Consecration are used In the same night c. 11. Then this Prayer Lord who in the third hour didst send thy Holy Spirit graciously take it not away from us but grant it to us Lord make clean our Hearts within us with some short Soliloques which Prayer is repeated three times with the head bowed down 12. Then the Priest raising himself saith Lord hear my Prayer and lifting up his hand by way of Blessing adds Make this Bread the Holy Body of Christ Amen 13. Here the Consecration being finished he goes on Thou art my God thou art my King I adore thee piously and Faithfully 14. Then covering the Chalice he elevates it and the People worship it 15. The Priest sups three times 16. Those who intend to Communicate first go to the bottom of the Church there to ask forgiveness of the Congregation in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Answer is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 17. It is their custom to conserve the Sacrament for the use of the Sick Haec ex D. Addison They gave the Sacrament to the Children at Baptism Believers not to be forced to the Sacrament They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Torches Keep it in a Box and hang it on a Wall They hold tha the Sacrament Consecrated on Holy Thursdays is most Efficacious F. Simon They use Unleavened Bread Administer in both kinds Christ à Jelinger Greeks out of Dr. Addison 4. Priesthood Is accounted a Mystery for its Power and Energy 1 Cor. 4.1 Of this there are these Orders 1. Anagnostes who reads the Hymns which are Sung and the Prophets of the Old Testament 2. The Psaltes who sings the Psalms of David 3. Lampadarios who trims the Lamps 4. Deacons and Subdeacons who read the Epistles and Gospels 5. Secular Priests who can all read and write yet few skill'd in the School-Greek or Latin or Hebrew or Philosophy all books being counted Unlawful but such as treat of Divinity and a Godly Life They are called Papa's They cannot Marry a second time who when Widowers wear Caps turn'd up with white with a fall hanging down on their backs but this is often forfeited and cut off by the Bishop for some sin 6. Religious Priests Kaloirs from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monks Encloistered professing Chastity and obedience of the Orders of S. Basil besides which they have no other Their Habit A long Cassock of Course Cloth of Camels Colour with a Cap of Felt or Wool made to cover the Ears with a black Coul called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They abstain from Flesh all their Life Some more strict called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take nothing else but Bread and Water but these are commonly Anchorites several dwell on Mount Athos Their Hair long Their Services are very ridiculous and prolix Every day in Lent they read over the Psaltar once and at the end of every 4 Psalms say Gloria Patri c. with 3 Metagnai or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowing or kissing the ground 3 times At the end of every 10 Psalms 40 Metagnai which every Kaloir doth 300 times every 24 Hours unless sick and then his Priest must do it for him The one half of these are performed the two first hours of the Night the other half at midnight before they arise to Mattins which begin 4 hours before Day Out of some Monasteries they send 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Messengers to collect Contributions who stay out five years begging the Charity of good People some of which being Temperate live long I knew one 119 years old his Father liv'd but to 80 his Grandfather to 158. Several Monasteries on Mount Athos where the Kaloirs 6000 in number work in such Employments as they are best skill'd in Every Monastery hath its Library but disorderly ones few books but of Divinity few choice ones of them Nor one Book they say varying from the Doctrine of the 7th Council
confession and upon a heinous crime riseth up and after a sharp rebuke cries out Hast thou done this Dost thou not fear God Go to let him be scourged 30 or 40 times Tellez One to avoid a sharp and open Absolution desired to be heard in private to whom the Metropolitan How shall not thy sins be made manifest at the last days before all the world Tell therefore what it is Confession being made that it was stealing Oxen the Offender being present he was constrained to restore the Oxen and undergo a severe penalty beside Ludolph Armenians When an Armenian confesseth e. g. Robbery Murder c. the Confessor tells him God is merciful c. But if eating Butter on a Friday or day of fasting Oh! a grievous Crime and severe Penances enjoyn'd for it as fasting several months refraining six months from his Wife M. de Thevenot The Priests give Absolution indifferently for all sins F. Sim. Extream Unction is not administred till after Death and commonly given only to Priests Georgians If they have no Children by their Wives they divorce from them by permission of the Priests and marry others So also in case of Adultery and Quarrelling Muscovites They forbid Polygamy as also Fourth Marriages by Succession as also marriage of two brothers to two sisters and of Godfathers and Godmothers Young men and maids may not see one another nor speak together before marriage or make any promise by word or writing D. of Holstein 's Embaessad Travels See more in the second book Indians They were married by the first Priest they found Abissines Polygamy is tolerated by the Civil Magistrate but not allowed by the Church and such as marry more than one are prohibited from the Holy Sacrament Alvarez tells of his own knowledge that his Host at Dobarra had 3 Wives and by them 37 Children for which he was not admitted to Church Communion till he had put two of them away Their Kings have many Wives and Concubines the Laws of their Church and Nation not agreeing well together Marriages of Kindred forbidden even to distant degrees for the Ethiopians wanting Terms of Distinction call all one another Sisters and Brothers Thus a Church-man may not marry his brother's Wife but a Lay-person may No Marriages but such as are approved by Divine Authority are honour'd with Sacerdotal Benediction nor those publickly in the Church unless they be such Clergy-men to whom the Hallelujah is sung Other people are married at home or before the Church-doors All secular persons may throw off the Yoke when they please and do often upon light causes by determination of the King's Judges Job Ludolph l. 3. Armenians They marry their Children very young sometimes promise them as soon as born and often marry them at 7 or 8 years old bur tho the Priest perform the Ceremonies then yet they defer the consummation till the usual time M. de Thev The Priest brings them near the Altar reads several Prayers blesses the marriage by holding a Wooden Cross over them joyning their hands and heads together yet so that the Bride's Head touches the Bridegroom's Breast then they communicate afterward the Priest casts Rose-water upon them and ties a Scarf about the Bride 's Right Hand by which the Bridegroom leads her D. of Holst Emb. Maronites They make no publication in Church of marriages before the solemnity They go to any Priest to marry them They marry sometimes under the age of 12 or 14. They suffer not two brothers to marry two sisters nor the Father and Son to marry Mother and Daughter F. Simon out of Daudini the Jesuit Mengrelians Young maids out of the Nunneries are allowed to confess baptize marry and perform all other Ecclesiastical Functions which I never knew practis'd in any other part of the World beside Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. The Bishop dissolves marriages when they please and then marry again after they have sold the first if they are not married to their fancy they take another for a time and pay her as the Turks do Idem Faith and Vsages Greeks 2. Of their Faith and Vsages c. Divine Service Prayer THey have 4 Liturgies viz. One of S. James 5 hours long used once every year of S. Chrysostom to be read almost every day in the year of S. Basil and of S. Gregory They use Pictures and burn Lamps before them Perfume them with Incense begin and end their Prayers with Bowings and Crossing before them But abhor all Carved Images They Pray to Saints and thus teach their Children and privately Pray themselves morning and evening All Holy Lady Mother of God Pray for us sinners All Coelestial Powers of Angels and Arch-Angels Pray for us sinners Holy John Ptophet and Fore-runner and Baptist of our Lord Jesus Christ pray c. Holy Orthodox Apostles Prophets and Martyrs and all Saints pray c. O Sacred Ministers of God our Fathers Shepherds and Teachers of the World pray c. O Invincible and Indissoluble and Divine Powers of the Reverend and Life-giving Cross forsake us not sinners The precepts of their Church require them to pray at the times of the Liturgy morning and evening on the Lord's day and other Festivals Also to pray for Kings Patriarchs Bishops and all Souls departed in the Catholick Church and for all Hereticks c. That they may return before their passage from this Life Indians of S. Thomas They go daily to Church to read the Liturgy aloud in the Chaldaick Tongue But they do not think themselves obliged to rehearse it elsewhere nor have they any Breviaries for saying it in private In some places Mass is said but once a year in others scarce once in six or seven or ten years F. Simon out of Menes's Memoirs They have no Images only the Cross they Honour much Georgians The Church-men do not daily say their Breviary but one or two only say and the rest listen Abyssins Their whole Divine Service is compleared by the Sole Administration of the Sacrament and reading some few broken parcels of the New Testament for they neither use Sacred Hymns nor Preaching Ludolph Cophties They have a Book of Homilies taken out of the chief Fathers They Worship Images yet have no Statues by Kissing Burning Lamps before them with the Oyl of which they anoint the Sick 1. On Saturday-Even after Sun-set the Priest attended by his Ministers goes to Church to sing Vespers about an Hour those who are present sleep afterward in Church or smoke Tobacco or drink Coffee c. 2. Two hours after Midnight they say Matins and afterwards Mass to which many resort 3. When they enter the Church they take off their Shoes kiss the ground near the door then draw near the Arch-priest kiss his Hand to receive his blessing 4. If the Patriarch be present and do not Officiate he sits on a Throne with a Copper Cross in his hand which the People kiss 3. After the Gospel they read somewhat out of the Book
Church-Yards weep and pray for the dead eat and drink Wine Baptism of the Cross is a Festival which the Armenians keep in commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord on the Day of Epiphany according to the old Calendar which they follow plunging after several Prayers a Cross into Water whereof all strive to take their shares in Pots M. de Thev They keep S. George's Day On Easter-Day by break of Day the Priests say Mass confess and administer after which it is lawful to eat flesh They have four other Feasts Christmass Ascension Annunciation and especially S. George's Tavernier Indians of St. Thomas Our three chief Festivals they celebrate The first of July also they commemorate the Martyrdom of S. Thomas Sir Tho. Herbert Muscovites The Muscovites observe 1. The Annunciation of our Lady March 25. 2. Easter-Day 3. Pentecost 4. New-years-day Sep. 1. 5. Nativity of the Mother of God Sep. 8. 6. The Manifestation of Christ on the Mount Sep. 6. 7. The Assumption of the Mother of God Sep. 15. 8. Exaltation of the Cross Sep. 14. 9. The Oblation of the Mother of God Nov. 21. 10. The Nativity of Christ Dec. 25. 11. Epiphany Jan. 6. 12. Candlemass-day Feb. 2. Of all which mention is made before Abyssines On their January 11th our 6th in the midst of their Summer and the Feast of Epiphany they commemorate our Saviour's Baptism the Clergy beginning the Solemnity before the dawn of the Morning with loud and chearful Hymns The King with all the Nobility the Metropolitan with his Clergy Noble with the Plebeian old and young thronging into the Rivers and Ponds before Sun-rise plunging and diving over head and ears craving of any of the Priests as they meet them a Blessing and being answer'd God bless thee or God the Father Son and Holy Ghost bless thee But this is turn'd into a kind of Sport rather than a pious Festival the young Men leaping and dancing and swimming and ducking one another and filling the neighbouring Fields with whoopings and hollowings Ludolph In their Thanksgiving-Solemnities they have their singing Priests Dabetra with very harsh Voices use Instruments of the Egyptian manner Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-Drums Skipping and Dancing as if they would make the Floor ring again which they call exulting and clapping hands to the God of Jacob and praising God upon the Harp and Organ and Cymbal Idem Nor is this so much to be admired if we know that in some places among the Latines the Feast of the Body of God was celebrated with a Harp and Dancing Idem They observe the Feasts of the Annunciation Nativity Circumcision Baptism Passion Resurrection Ascension Pentecost Sabeans or Christians of St. John I shall give an account of these by themselves as being part Christians part Turks part Jews and part Gentiles out of Monsieur de Thevenot Itin. Orient Ind. and Mons Tavernier in his Persian Travels 1. Most of the Sabeans are Gold-smiths very Poor and very Ignorant they live in Bassora Dgesire Harviza and Souster in Chusistan belonging to the King of Persia They have but two Books and them made lately though they say in the days of Adam their old ones burnt by Mahometans 2. They retain Baptism in remembrance of S. John's Baptism performed only on Sundays in running Water In the Name of the ancient Mighty Lord God who knows all that we do before the Light of the World Thrice besprinkling the Head of the Infant and thrice dipping it into the River and thrice rehearsing the same words And this is all their Ceremony and this reiterated every Year for the space of five days by Old and Young Male and Female and at Marriage the Bridegroom and Bride are baptized again Yet they say Christ is the Spirit and Word of the Eternal Father 3. As to Marriage The Minister takes an Oath from the Bride that she is a Virgin and afterwards the Minister's Wife searches her then they are both baptized and set Back to Back and the Minister saith some Prayers over them this is all the Ceremony Ministers and Laity may have two Wives but the Ministers ever a Maid at Marriage 4. As to the Eucharist They say only some Prayers over the Hoste which is made of Flour kneaded with Wine and Oyl their Wine drawn from Grapes steep'd in Water and press'd 5. As to Orders They have superior and inferior Ministers but use no great Ceremony in Consecration a Minister says some Prayers over him who is made Minister and that 's all Children succeed to their Fathers if sixteen or seventeen Years of Age or in defect of Sons the next of kin 6. Gospel they have none All their Service consists in some Prayers and in Communicating as before is said They say Christ left twelve Apostles to preach 7. On Sundays they work not They highly honour the Cross and sign themselves with it 8. Three Festivals they have yearly their Year consisting of 366 days i. e. twelve Months and six days 1. At New Year which lasts three days in memory of the Creation 2. At the beginning of the fourth month three days in memory of St. John 3. At the beginning of the seventh month five days in remembrance of our Saviour's being Baptized by St. John They are all baptized during these five days This Feast is called Pendgia 9. No other Saints they acknowledge but S. John S. Zacharias S. Elizabeth and S. M. Magd. They acknowledge Jesus Christ but S. John's Servant born of a Virgin Crucified c. 10. No Purgatory but a Heaven and Hell viz. A narrow Passage for the Wicked guarded with Lyons and Bears which will devour them c. The Good go the same way but over these Beasts straight to Paradise 11. No Meat they eat of but kill'd by a Sabean all other is unclean 12. Therefore their Ministers are always their Butchers who put on white Drawers a Rope for a Girdle a white Shirt girt with it a white Turban a white Napkin about their Neck like a Stole and another rag for a Fillet Then they wash e. g. the Feet and Beak of the Pullet they are to kill because it eats and often treads on unclean things then they kill it saying In the name of the Merciful God may this be Blessed to those that eat it Sheep and Fish they wash not accounting their Food Grass and Water not unclean things 13. They will not Drink in a Vessel wherein one not a Sabean hath drank 14. They abhor the Blew Colour because the Jews in Malice knowing that Baptism was to destroy their Law when St. John was baptizing Jesus threw Indico into Jordan to spoil the Water c. from thence God cursed this blew colour Others say Dogs Ordure is used in dying of this colour N. B. M. Tavernier saith the words at Baptism are Beesmebrad er Rabi Kaddamin Akzeri Menhal el genuat Alli Kouli Kralek i. e. In the Name of the Lord first and last of the World and of Paradise the
three Hours which Christ hung on the Cross 17. Uncovering the Chalice and signing it five times with the Host to signifie the rending the Veil of the Temple c. 18. Pater Noster said with a loud Voice to signifie the seven Mystical Words spoke by our Saviour with a loud Voice on the Cross 1. Father forgive them c. 2. To day shalt thou be with c. 3. Behold thy Mother Woman behold c. 4. My God c. 5. I Thirst. 6. Into thy hands c. 7. It is finished 19. Laying down the Host upon the Corporal and then covering the Chalice again to signifie taking Christ down from the Cross 20. The Priest is silent for a time to signifie our Saviour's Rest in the Grave 21. The Host divided into three parts his Body broken and divided into Hands Side and Feet 22. Signing the Chalice three times again with a particle of the Host and raising his voice saying Pax Domini c. 23. Putting a particle of the Host into the Chalice to signifie the reuniting of our Saviour's Body and Soul 24. Saying aloud Agnus Dei qui c. 25. Pax or Kiss of Peace given before Communion 26. Ite missa est The Host is offered Mass ended c. 27. The Priest lifteth up his hands and blesseth the People N. The Missal is the Book wherein the Mass is contained 19. The Office of our Lady concerning which observe 1. The Book in which it is contained the Primer 2. The Parts 1. Hymns 2. Psalms 3. Canticles 4. Antiphones 5. Versicles 6. Responsories 7. Prayers 3. The Time viz. seven Hours several The time of our Saviour's Passion 4. The Contents 1. Matins and Lauds a Commemoration of his Bloody Sweat and binding in the Garden c. 2. The first Hour his being led through the Streets at Jerusalem with the Indignities c. 3. The third Hour whipping crowning with Thorns c. 4. The ninth Hour drinking Gall and Vinegar dying c. 5. The Evening-Song his taking from the Cross c. 6. The Compline his Burial 20. Festival-Days 1. Of Christ 1. His Nativity Christmass 2. Circumcision New-years-day 3. Epiphany Twelfth-day 4. Purification the Presentation of Christ c. Before Mass of that Day the Church blesseth the Lights for the whole Year and makes a Procession with hallowed Lights in the hands of all the Faithful 5. Transfiguration 6. Resurrection or Easter-Day from Oriens the East 7. Ascension 8. Corpus Christi-day in honour of the real Presence The Eucharist on this Feast during the Octave is exposed to be adored in all the principal Churches of the World and great Processions are made in honour of it 9. Four Sundays of Advent 10. Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquag Quad. 11. Passion-Sunday to prepare us for the approaching Passion 12. Palm-Sunday on which Day the Church blesseth Palms and make a Solemn Procession the People bearing Palm-branches in their hands 13. Dominica in Albis Low-Sunday the Octave of Easter-Day because on that Day the Catechumens were solemnly divested in the Church of their white Garments 2. Of our Blessed Lady viz. 6. The Conception Nativity Presentation Annunciation Visitation and Assumption of our Blessed Lady 3. Pentecost or Whitsunday 4. Trinity-Sunday 5. Other peculiar days 1. The Feast of St. Peter's Chair at Antioch viz. his installing there 2. Of his Chair at Rome viz. his Translation from Antioch c. 3. Of S. Peter and S. Paul together 4. S. Peter ad vincula Acts 12. 5. Michaelmass a Church on that Day in Rome was Dedicated to S. Michael by Pope Boniface 6. The Apparition of S. Michael he appearing on Mount Garganus where by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him 7. All-Saints to beg the Patronage of all together 8. All-Souls to pray Souls out of Purgatory 9. Ashwednesday the Priest blesseth Ashes on this day wherewith he signs the People with a Cross on their Foreheads saying memento homo remember Man that thou art dust and to dust c. 10. Mandy Thursday in memory of our Lord's last Supper when he washed his Disciples Feet So called from Mandatum Novum do vobis the beginning of the Antiphon The Bishops on this day begin the Ceremony of washing the Peoples Feet 21. Good Friday Add two Holy Rood-days viz. Invention and Exaltation 12. Three days of Tenebrae before Easter 13. Rogation-week a week of publick Prayer and Processions for the temperateness of the weather c. from Rogo c. 14. Quatuor Tempora Ember-weeks 21. Orders of Monks or Friers whose Officers are Prior Provincial and General c. 1. Monks of St. Basil who abstain from Flesh of which not many in the Church of Rome but many in the Greek Church 2. Austine Friers or Eremites or Friers Mendicants viz. The First Order Other Branches of them are 1. Monks of S. Hierom in Spain especially Their Robe a white Cassok under a Tawny Cloak 2. Carmelites or Jacobines or white Friers from the Colour of their Habit. 3. Friers of S. Cross Crouched Friers their Robe is watchet and in their hands they carry the Figure of the Cross 4. Dominicans or Friers Praedicant who are to Preach the Gospelin all parts of the World called also Black Friers from the Colour of their Habit and are the third Order of Friers-Mendicants 3. Benedictines whose Habit is a loose black Gown reaching to the Ground with a hood of the same an under Garment of white Woollen and Boots on their Legs Other Branches 1. Monks of Clugnia from Clugny in Normandy 2. Carthusians from Carthusia a Town in Dauphine They Eat no Flesh live by couples labour with their hands watch pray and never meet together but upon Sundays 3. Monks of Cisteaûx so called from a place in Burgundy called by us white Monks as the common Benedictines black Monks from their Habit which was a white Cassock girt with a woollen Girdle the rest black 4. Celestines from Celestine the 5th c. 4. Franciscans from S. Francis of Assis in Spoleto who profess absolute Beggary are to carry no money about them nor more Victuals than will for the present serve for themselves and brethren The chief branches of them are 1. Minors from their humility Cordeliers by the French from the knotty Cord which they use for a Girdle Grey Friers by the English from the colour of their upper Garment These are the fourth and last of the Friers Mendicants 2. Minims who keep always a true Lenten Fast unless in sickness their Robe is a Dark Tawny with a Hood of the same hanging to the Girdle 3. Capuchins from their Cowl or Capuch who are to spend all their time in prayer generally thought to be the most devout of all 5. Jesuits neither simply Lay nor Priests nor merely Secular nor Regular but all together who are to vow not only Poverty Obedience and Chastity as the rest but Mission i. e. to go upon command of the Pope or General on any hazardous
by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graffâ—ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather
the Alms and this is done every Lord's Day and the Purse laid upon the Communion-Table 7. Then the Minister prays again concluding with the Lord's prayer 8. After which they sing another Psalm and conclude with the Blessing Afternoon-Service 1. At one a clock the Bell rings and calls to Catechism which is begun with a Psalm and prayer and concluded with a prayer also the minister in the rehearsal of it standing before the Communion-Table 2. Then the Bells ring again for the Evening-Service which is much what in the same manner with the Morning-Service Note that in some Churches they have Organs in others none Lutherans of the Palatinate On Week-days they have Prayers every Morning and in some places Morning and Evening their Order thus 1. They sing as on Sundays taking the Psalms before them in order as they go one day the 1st and 2d Psalms the next the 3d and 4th c. 2. The Minister Prays in short 3. He reads a Chapter out of the Old Testament and another out of the New 4. He reads a Form of Common-Prayer one single Prayer for all necessities Emperors Magistrates c. by Book the People all the while lifting up their hands closed together concluding with the Lord's Supper 5. He ends with the Blessing Note 1. In some places they have Prayers on Wednesdays in others on Wednesdays and Fridays 2. Every first Wednesday in the Month is a prayer-Prayer-day the Shops being shut and no body daring to work till after Sermon 3. The Lord's Supper is administered in some places monthly in others quarterly The Posture standing notice is given before hand and the Minister goes with the Church-warden from House to House a Fortnight before to examine them of their fitness and the day before he gives a preparation Sermon and puts Interrogatories to the People taking a kind of Confession from them and requiring their Answer Yes 4. At Baptism the Midwife holds the Child the Godfather and Godmother standing by whilst the Minister takes water out of a Bason on the Communion-Table and sprinkles it on the child In the Name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost 5. On Whitsunday they sing one of Luther's Hymns to this purpose Now we beseech thee Holy Ghost Through Faith thou wilt us keep That when this world we shall depart In thee Lord we may sleep Kyrie Eleison Thou the true Light enlighten us Let us know thee alone Who in our Father's Countrey hast Thy mercy to us shown Kyrie Elison c. It consists of two such Stanzaes more each concluding with Kyrie Eleison 2. Calvinists 1. Their Doctrines and Discipline They hold absolute Praedestination Ordinatination by Priests appoint Synods at stated times and places are for the assistance of Lay-elders in the use of the Ministry condemn Diocesan Episcopacy and all significant Ceremonies Lent days of Saints the Cross in Baptism together with all unnecessary impositions the use of Godfathers and Godmothers in Baptism and the Government of Bishops without the Assistance of Presbyters Mr. Ric. Baxter 2. Their Worship and Usages 1. In the Canton of Zurick 1. Their Morning Service 1. In the morning on Sundays they begin with Grace Peace and Mercy from Almighty God be at all times with us miserable sinners Amen And then in a certain Form Pray for the Magistrates Burger-master Persecuted Churches sick and afflicted and distracted Persons about which the Minister is allowed to enlarge his Prayers concluding always with the Lords Prayer 2. The Minister kneels down having laid his Book on the Pulpit Prays in silence for himself as the People also do 3. He delivers his Sermon by Heart as they are all enjoyned to do 4. In case of Wedding he publishes the Banns thus These following Honest persons c. but in case of scandalous unchastness the word Honest is left out 5. If any be Dead that week the Minister names them praiseth God for their deliverance out of this Thraldom into everlasting Joy advising them to be watchful c. 6. Next follows a short general confession of sins I poor sinful wretch c. and after that a Prayer for the Sabbath all Kings and Estates of Christendom the Cantons of Switzerland c. concluded with the Lord's Prayer 7. The Minister turning towards the People saith For God's sake remember always the Poor in your Alms Pray constantly one for another Pray to God for me which I also will do for you tho this only the Lord Antistes is used to say and after the Administration of Holy Baptism and the Christian Hymn is finished to the praise of God depart in peace And the grace of God be with you 8. After this the Minister goes down from the Pulpit to the Font to Christen the Children if there be any to be Baptized 9. Then the chief Chanter with his Scholars begins a Psalm taking the Book of Psalms in order before them throughout in the year the whole Congregation of men Women and Children following with distinct Voices and a most Melodious Harmony N. B. Young Ladies and Gentlewomen learn of their Minister to sing and play on Virginals but are forbidden Dancing 2. Their latter Morning-Service begins At Nine a Clock with a short Form much what as in the former Morning-Service and then Sermon and last of all with a short Confession of Sin and Prayer for God's Mercy and the Lord's Prayer and another pretty long Form of Prayer he concludes adding Pray continually c. depart in peace On Sunday-Mornings they always preach on one of the Four Evangelists their Sermons are an hour long or near it Heathen Authors seldom mentioned and the Primitive Fathers but sparingly The Text expounded out of the Hebrew or Greek Originals meer Morality preach'd is sharply censured by the Chapter or Synod 3. Their Noon-Service 1. The Minister useth the same Form of Prayer as he used before the Sermon in the Morning concluding with the Lord's Prayer c. 2. He rehearses the Ten Commandments and the Apostles Creed concluding them with a Collect. 3. Then either continuing in the Pulpit or going from Pew to Pew according to his discretion over against the Font which is placed near the Quire he examines the Children and Youths even 'till they are capable of the Lord's Supper or 'till Marriage in some places out of the Tigurine-Catechism or takes an account of several Lessons out of Holy Scripture which he had assign'd them before 4. Then out of the Pulpit he makes a Paraphrase or Explication of the Questions he ask'd 5. At last he concludes with a Prayer O merciful God who preparest Praises to thy self out of the mouths of Babes and Sucklings c. Concluding with the Lord's Prayer At this Service the Parents are bound to be present under pain of Censure and Rebuke of the Minister or Consistory 4. Their Evening-Service for they have Service four times a day consists 1. Of a Form before the Sermon for themselves for the
Catholick Church c. 2. A silent Prayer as in the Morning 3. A Sermon 4. A Form consisting of a Collect the Lord's Prayer and another longer Form with Pray constantly c. and depart in peace as before Besides these Services which are all for Sundays they have also Forms of Prayer for every Day of the Week Morning and Evening and Sermons every Day On Saturdays in the Evening as well as Sundays at Noon they examine the Catechism and have a peculiar Form of Prayer for that purpose so likewise for the Fasts and Festivals appointed as the Day after our Saviour's Nativity New-year-day Easter-Monday Ascension-day Pentecost the Day of Church-Dedication and extraordinary occasions as War Victory Plague Murrain c. Their Baptism is thus 1. The Minister begins with saying In the name of God Amen If ye the God-fathers and God-mothers desire that this Child be baptized in the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ say Yea. 2. Then after an Exhortation he proceeds to pray for a Blessing upon the Child in a pretty long Form 3. He reads the Gospel Mark 10. concluding thus Praise be unto God he forgives us all our sins through his Son Amen 4. After a short Speech to the Sureties he rehearseth the Creed and calls upon the Sureties to pray for such a Faith for that Child saying Our Father which art in Heaven c. 5. He asks the Sureties If they will according to their utmost power and as necessity may require be instrumental to and assist in the Education of the Child c. The Sureties answering Yea. 6. The Sureties name the Child the God-mother holding the Child over the Font whilest the Minister pours three handfuls of Water upon his Fore-head saying N. N. I baptize thee in the Name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Amen 7. The Minister blesses the Child in these words God grant unto thee that as thou art now besprinkled with clean Water thou mayest likewise appear before God in the last day with a pure and undefiled Conscience and so to be eternally saved N. B. Baptism is never administred privately but at time of Publick-Service the first opportunity after the Birth The God-father in the Church presents a piece of Gold or Silver to the Nurse and if a Female-Child to the God-mother also if a Male the God-mother to the God-father Every year they send New-years-gifts to their God-children which some continue to do 'till they are of Age for the Lord's Supper and some 'till Marriage On their Birth-day yearly they use to feast their God-children and give them grave advice None are to be Christen'd without Sureties Their Administration of the Lord's Supper thus 1. The Minister useth a grave Exhortation concerning the intention of the Sacrament 2. The People confess their Sins and pray for pardon as after the Sermon 3. The Antistes behind the Table with an Arch-Deacon on either hand if there be so many saith with a loud Voice In the name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Arch-Deacon answering Amen Antistes Let us pray O Almighty c. Arch-Deacon That which is now read is contained in 1 Cor. 11.20 21 c. Antistes Praise be unto God Arch-Deacon on the right hand And Peace on Earth Antistes Good-will towards Men. First Arch-Deacon We praise thee we magnifie thee Second Arch-Deacon We worship thee we honour thee Antistes We render thanks for thy great honour and benefits O Lord God Heavenly King Father Almighty First Arch-Deacon O Lord thou only begotten Son Jesus Christ and thou O Holy Ghost Second Arch-Deacon O Lord God Lamb of God Son of the Father thou that takest away the Sins of the World c. and so on with an alternate voice to the end of that Hymn 4. The First Arch-Deacon reads part of the sixth Chapter of S. John's Gospel Thus speaketh the Lord Jesus Verily verily I say unto you He that believes in me hath everlasting life I am the bread of life c. Concluding with Praises and thanks be unto God He forgives us all our sins according to his holy word Amen which is said by the Antistes 5. The Antistes and the Arch-Deacons alternately rehearse the Creed as they did the Hymn before 6. Then follows an Exhortation to the Examining themselves ending thus Wherefore kneel down and pray 7. Then the Ministers kneeling about the Lord's Table and the People either standing or kneeling say the Lord's Prayer 8. The First Arch-Deacon saith Lift up your hearts unto God and say with Devotion O Lord Almighty God c. 9. The Antistes afterwards saith Hear now with Devotion and Faith how Christ Jesus did celebrate his holy Supper c. Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took Bread c. Here the Antistes takes the Bread breaks it eats a Morsel and gives the rest to the first Arch-Deacon who reaches the same to the other Ministers about the Table Afterwards when he comes to those Words He took also the Cup he takes a Cup and having drank of it gives to the first Arch-Deacon as he did the Bread and he to the Ministers and they to the People a Reader from the Pulpit in the interim reading the Lord's Speech concerning the Supper beginning at S. John 13.1 10. Then the Antistes and Arch-Deacons alternately say Antistes Rise up and let us render Praise and Thanks unto the Lord. First Arch-Deacon I will praise thee O my God c. This Hymn consists of 14 or 15 Responses 11. They read alternately the 113 Psalm which was wont to be read at the Passeover 12. Lastly follows an Exhortation with a Consolation and Benediction and a short Collect concluding thus For God's sake remember the Poor always in your Alms pray constantly one for another And after the Christian Hymn be ended which concludes the Solemnity Depart in peace and the Grace of God be with you Note 1. Their Bread is unleavened made in a broad square Cake thin almost as Paper white as Snow by the chief Sexton only of their great Minster Church 2. They use wooden Cups in Imitation of the Primitive Simplicity 3. They receive in their Seats the common People sitting or standing Their Discipline 1. The Ministers are obliged to call such as they know to have committed Notorious Crimes or to be inflamed with Hatred and Passion some Weeks before the Administration of the Sacrament into their Closets or before the Church-wardens according to their Discretion to admonish and warn them and declare to them that if they do not repent c. the Sacrament will prove to them not an Earnest of God's Favour but of his Just Wrath and their Damnation c. 2. Those that will not be reconciled to their Enemies shall not be admitted to the Sacrament 3. Yet Excommunication is never formally practised in the Church of Zurick but instead thereof the Ministers are commanded by the Higher Power and by the Synod to
lately an account of greater Divisions some of them being charged by others with damnable Heresies and Doctrines of Devils c. in a Book intituled The Plea of the Innocent c. I take them for a Branch of the Old Anabaptists which sprung up in Germany upon the Reformation though they made no appearance in England 'till the time of our Civil Wars about the Year 1644. and then were assisted at least by some Priests of the Popish Seminaries in disguise as were also several other Sects which then sprung up amongst us See Du Moulin's Philan. Angl. c. Mahometans 1. Creed The first Chapter of the Alcoran is as it were the Mahometan's Creed and 't is called the Mother of the Book containing the Words of Mahomet for the rest are all deliver'd as the Word of God he being induced as Speaker Which first Chapter is this Sense In the Name of God gracious and merciful Thanks be unto God the Lord of the World merciful pitiful Judge at the Day of Judgment We pray unto thee we trust in thee Lead us into the right way the way of them whom thou hast chosen not of them with whom Thou art angry and of the Infidels Out of the Alcoran may be collected more of their Faith as thus 1. God is One necessary to all incorporeal neither begetting nor begotten the Creator long-suffering searcher of the Heart true that he hath no Son needs nothing 2. That Christ is the Son of Mary the best of Women the Prophet of God begotten by the Spirit of her in the shape of a Man Christ was not slain by the Jews but one like him 3. Their Law is to be propagated by the Sword Of the twelve Months four are to be consecrated to this warfare they that refuse it lose their Souls The Unbelievers taken in War that will not turn must be killed or made Slaves 'T is not lawful to dispute about the Law 4. God made the World and disposed the seven Heavens and afterwards Man like unto himself and breathed into him his own Soul a portion of it That the Angels being commanded to do reverence to Adam Beelzebub refused and was therefore damned 5. There is a Paradise and Hell but of sensual Pleasures and Torments 6. Mahomet is the Seal and last of the Prophets to whom it was lawful to lie with all Women even Aunts and Kindred c. 7. There shall be a Resurrection proved by the story of the 7 Sleepers who slept 360 Years 2. Moral and Judicial Precepts and Prohibitions 1. Prohibitions 1. Abstain from Swines-flesh Blood that which dies alone and that which hath the Neck cut off 2. From Wine and Women more than their own Wives or Women 3. Working on Friday at Prayer-time 4. Games of Chesse Scails and Tables 5. Marrying with Men or Women of another Law 6. Marrying with Mother Daughter Sister Aunt Niece Nurse c. 7. Swearing rashly and For-swearing 8. Usury Lying Injustice c. 2. Precepts Affirmative 1. Pilgrimage to Mecha 2. Belief in GOD and Mahomet 3. Marry and Fight for the encrease of Religion 4. Giving wealth to the Poor Men Slaves Birds Dogs 5. Praying five times a Day 6. Keeping Lent one Month in the Year 7. Obedience to Parents 8. Keeping Friday Sabbath cum multis aliis Mahometan Sects 1. Turks or Arabians 1. THE Turks pretendc that Abouleker was the Successor of Mahomet making his Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Abouleker 1 Omar 1 Osman 1 Aly. 2. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the Commands of their Law M. de Thev 3. They call to Prayers from the tops of Towers 4. In Praying the Turks hold their hands one over another upon their Stomach 5. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them is a Crime punishable by Death 6. The Turks make God the Author both of Good and Evil. 7. The Turks say the Law is Eternal 8. The Turks teach that God shall be visible to blessed Souls in his Essence 9. The Turks say Mahomet when he received his Alcoran was carried by the Angel Gabriel Body and Soul into God's presence 10. The Arabians pray five times a day 2. Persians 1. The Persians leave out of Mahomet's Succession the names of Abouleker Omar and Osman affirming them to be Usurpers only and no rightful Successors to Mahomet that Aly lawfully and actually succeeded him making the Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Aly. which Aly say they succeeded Mahomet both in his Doctrine and Empire and married also Mahomet's Daughter who was also the first of the twelve Imams and whose Interpretation of the Law they embrace as the Truest and whose Sepulchre they visit as the Turks the other three 2. The Persians call themselves Schiai because they think it enough to follow the Precepts of their Law though sometimes they follow some of the Counsels too 3. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrases not Towers 4. The Schiai in Praying hold not their hands on their Stomach but laying down a little gray stone which they always carry about them every time they prostrate lay their Foreheads on that stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the second Son of Aly was killed M. de Thev 5. The Persians will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Religion 6. The Persians make God Author of Good only 7. The Persians say only God is Eternal 8. The Persians say he is visible only in his Effects and Attributes 9. The Persians that he was carried only in Soul 10. The Persians pray but three times a day Morning Noon and Night no not upon Fridays The Persians have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an interlineal Translation word for word for Turk and Persian both believe that that Book cannot be explainted in any other Language but Arabick Subordinate Sects Dervises THey go about begging Alms in the name of Aly. They wear two Sheep-skins dried in the Sun the one hanging on their Back the other on their Breast the rest of their Body naked their whole body shaved Head bare Temples burnt with a hot Iron Rings with precious Stones in their Ears and a knotty Club in their Hand They are desperate Assassinates Robbing and Murdering on occasion They eat of an Herb called Asserad or Matslach which makes them Mad cutting and slashing themselves which makes them more reverenced On Friday after their Devotion they drink of Asserad and Sing and Dance about a Fire like mad c. See more in the sequel of this Book Imailer The Imailers or Religious Brothers of Love have for their Habit a long Coat of a Violet colour without Seam girt about with a golden Girdle at which hang silver Cymbals which jingle as they go These with a Book in their Hand of Love-Songs go about Singing and receive Money for their Songs and are always bare-headed wearing long Hair which they curl They are worse than Beasts
not far off for He did not make them and go away Sed ex illo in illo sunt Ibid. l. 4. c. 12. Do not hide from me thy Face Let me dye truly let me dye that I may see it Moriar ne moriar ut eam videam l. 1. c. 5. What art thou to me Have Mercy on me that I may speak What am I to thee that thou shouldest command me to love Thee and if I do it not shouldst be angry with me and threaten me with great miserys Is it not a small thing if I should not love thee Alas for me tell me by thy Mercies O Lord my God what Thou art to me Say unto my Soul I am thy Salvation Speak so that I may hear c. Ibid. Galeacius Caracciola Marquess of Vicum the Pope's Nephew upon his parting with his Friends and Family his Lady and Children weeping and crying and himself going to Geneva as an Exile had these words Let them be accursed that prefer all the pleasures of this World to one Hours Communion with Jesus Christ Anonym Joachimus Curaeus a German Physician in the close of his Life spake thus Come Lord Jesus and let all that love thee say Come and he that loves thee not let him be Anathema Maâ—anatha Thou knowest I love thee with thee I shall be the beginning of this New-year Mel. Adam Affiance in GOD. Jews THE Jews still pray for the re-edifying of the Temple with a still Voice that none can hear in these words Let thy will be before thy Face O God our Lord Lord of our Fathers that the holy House of thy Temple may be restored to our Days and grant us thy Will in thy Law And afterwards rising with great Joy and Clamour they sing a Prayer of Praise in hope thereof and sitting down again they read a long Prayer gathered here and there out of the Psalms and some whole Psalms and part of 1 Chron. 30. And lastly the last words of Obadiah v. 21. The Saviours shall ascend into Mount Zion to judge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdom shall be the Lord's Which they speak in hope of the Destruction of the Christians and their own Restitution they proceed singing And God shall be King over all the Earth in that day God shall be One and his Name One as 't is written in thy Law O God hear Israel God our God is One God And this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One in the next Prayer they repeat and resound for half an hour together One One One c. Looking up to Heaven and turning to the four corners of the World Purchas Christians Luther in great spiritual trouble having writ about the Walls and Tables in his Study in great Letters VIVIT He is alive to a Friend dedemanding of him the Reason replied Christ is alive and if he were not I would not desire to live one Hour longer Dr. Bolton in his Serm. Mahometans They look upon themselves as obliged to perform the inward acts of Faith and account all Actions without Faith as sins without any Merit F. Simon They commend nothing so much as Trust in God owning him for their only support Idem Heathens M. Antonius gave God thanks for his Assistance in the Government of his Will The Southern Americans when they go to Wars carry their Gods along with them and ask Counsel of them for all Affairs Rosse Obedience to His Laws Jews IN every Synagogue the Book of the Law is kept within a Chest written on Parchment in great Characters and carried to and fro on two Staves fastened to each end of the Parchment The Book which is the Pentateuch is wrapt in Linnen and covered with Silk Velvet or Tissue The two Staves are called the Trees of Life When the Praecentor brings forth the Book they all sing Num. 10.35 Let God arise and let his Enemies be scattered c. After some Anthems are sung one comes and kisses the Cloaths in which it is wrapt and with a loud Voice blesseth God who hath chosen them before all others and given them a Law Then the chief Singer reads a Chapter and the Book is kissed again after that elevated on high the whole Congregation shouting This is the Law that Moses gave to Israel When the Book is wrapt up again all both Young and Old kiss it touching it only with their two Fingers And while it is carried back again they all sing again Return Lord to the many Thousands of Israel Numb 10.36 Mr. Rosse Obedience to the Divine Laws Muscovites SOme Lutheran Divines in Sweden and Livonia have made it a Problematical Question Whether the Muscovites were Christians or not The Danish Gentleman who published the Embassie he was sent upon into Muscovy from Frederick the Second gives the Muscovites a very true Character in two Lines when he says They are subtile over-reaching humourous self-willed obstinate insolent and impudent regulating their Reason according to their Power that they have shaken hands with all Vertues to run themselves into all manner of Vice D. of H. Ambass Trav. Ceylan A witty Man of Ceylan and a good natural Philosopher called Alegamma Motiar having conversed with the Jesuits and desiring to be a Christian desired to know what Jesus Christ had done and left in Writing and having read over the New Testament with that heed and study that in less than six Months there was hardly a Passage which he could not repeat after which he desired to turn Christian because he found their Religion such as Jesus Christ had taught but only he wondred That they themselves did not follow his Example for that he never yet could find by his reading that Jesus Christ ever took any Mony of any body but that they took all they could get and never Baptized or Buried unless they were well paid but tho he started the Question he was Baptized and became a Sedulous Converter of others Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 3 Love and Reverence to his Name Word c. Jews THe Jews to shew their Zeal for the Law of God wear the Zizith or Fringe which is a square piece of Linnen-cloth or Silk c. with Fringes worn next the Shirt hanging down on the breast or Shoulders c. and account the right wearing of it a keeping of the whole Law and ascribe as many miracles to it as the Papists to the Cowl of S. Francis Women never wear it Dr. Addison They have also scrowls of Parchment Phylacteries Tephillim written with several sentences of the Law and tied on the fore-head and left-arms Idem They have a great veneration for the Law viz. the five Books of Moses never reading it or taking it out of the Chest but on Monday Thursday and Sabbath-day After the Elevation of it and its return from Procession and being put in its coverings all the Males in the Synagogue kiss it in order as the Papists do the Pax. Idem When they kiss it they bless God
c. 7. Christians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For how saith St. Chrysoston is it not Absurd that a Servant should not dare to call his Master by name or bluntly and ordinarily to mention him yet that we slightly and contemptuously should in our Mouth toss about the Lord of Angels How is it not Absurd if we have a Garment better than the rest that we forbear to use it continually but in the most slight and common way to wear the Name of God Dr. Barrow 's Sermon How grievous Indecency is it at every turn to Summon our Maker and call down Almighty God from Heaven to attend our Pleasure to vouch our idle Prattle to second our giddy Passions to concern his Truth Justice Power in our trivial Affairs Idem What Presumption is it with unhallowed Breath to vent and toss that Great and Glorious Holy and Reverend Fearful and terrible Name of the Lord our God the Great Creator the Mighty Sovereign the Dreadful Judge of all the Word what Name which all Heaven with profoundest Submission doth adore which the Angelical Powers the Brightest and Purest Seraphim without hiding their Faces and reverential Horrour cannot utter or hear the very thought whereof should strike an awe through our Hearts the mention whereof should make any Sober Man to tremble Idem A good Man should 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and exhibit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem ex Clem. Al. Strom. 7. c. Chrysostom preach'd many Sermons to the People of Antioch against Swearing but they being weary of the Subject ask'd when he would leave off Preaching To whom he answered When you leave off Swearing Would you have the Plaister taken away before the Wound be cured Calamy a Fast-Sermon The best way to attest the Truth of what is spoken is to call God to Witness this is the Form of Swearing which we Christians use Athan. Apol. ad Constant. Imp. St. Chrysostom saith It was customary to come into the Church and to Swear upon the Communion-Table taking the Holy Gospels into their hands Dr. Cave St. Basil exhorts them that had Sworn rashly or in unlawful cases to Repentance appoints Perjured Persons Banishment from Communion eleven Years Idem Vegetius de Re Milit. l. 1. a Heathen Author living in the time of Valentinian Jun. sets down this as the Military Oath of the Christians By God Christ and the Holy Spirit and the Majesty of the Emperor Idem Novatus taking his Followers Hands wherein they held the Sacramental Elements caused them to Swear by the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ that they would not desert him Euseb Pope Pius appointed forty days Penance with Bread and Water and seven Years following for a Perjured Person that was Free three Forties or Lents Penance and lawful Holy-days for him that was bound Carrauz Decr. Pii Pap. If any Swear by God's Hair or Head if in Orders let him be deposed if a Lay-man Excommunicated c. Idem ibid. Dr. Taylor to the Bishop of London degrading him When the Bishop according to the Formality should have struck him on the Breast with his Crozier and his Chaplains disswaded him from it because he would strike again Yes said he by St. Peter will I for it is the Cause of Christ And again to Mr. Bradford the same Doctor relating the Story told him I have fâ—ightned the Bishop of London for that his Chaplains thought I would have struck him and by my Troth quoth he rubbing his hands I made him believe I would do so indeed Fox's Martyrol Papists Bishop Bonner swore frequently by God by St. Mary by St. Augustine by the Blessed Sacrament Allhallows by my Faith Troth Ibid. Common Swearing among the Papists a venial Sin Aug. de Clavasio Mahometans Vallahi or Tallahi i. e. by God a usual Form of Swearing among the Mahomitans About ten years ago an Arabian well known to me Ahmed Ibn Ali a Suliensian was reproved by the Famous Golius for Swearing took it well and gave thanks for reducing him from that Pernicious and Damnable Custom Hottinger Ancient Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An Oath is a most dreadful thing Arist Reverence an Oath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pythag. aur Carm. The best way of observing an Oath is if you neither use it frequently nor rashly nor in common matters nor for the amplification of Speech nor confirmation of a Relation but in things necessary and solemn and when there is no other way to procure Credit c. Hierocl in Curm Pyth. vid. Isocr ad Demonic Sect. 30. With the Scythians the Swearer's Punishment was loss of his Estate with the Persians Bondage with the Grecians cutting off the Ears with the Romans throwing down a steep Rock Anon. With the English now Payment of one Shilling Praying unto God Jews THE Jews in Barbary resort to Prayer thrice every day in their Oratories 1. At Sun-rising for two hours together which is called Tephillah Sabarit or Morning Prayer 2. About three a clock in the Afternoon which is called Tephillah Minscha or Evening Prayer 3. After Sun-set which is Tephillah arvit or Night Prayer These two last Services are not both of them above an hour long Dr. Addison They pray also to the Angels in their Retirements for the necessary Evacuations of their Body thus Most Holy and most Glorious Ministers of the most High I beseech you keep preserve and help me wait till I come in and go out for this is the Custom and way of all Men. Idem There is an Univesal Agreement among them that they ought every day to say over a hundred Benedictions viz. At washing in the Morning 23 at entrance into the Synagogue six at putting on the Zizith one at putting on the Tephillim one at every one of the three Offices in the Synagogue eighteen three after Dinner two before Night at going to sleep two and as many at Dinner and Supper Idem The Pharisees spent one quarter of the day in Prayer Dr. Hall Christians St. James the Just went daily to the Church and there kneeling on the Pavement prayed so that his Knees became hard and brawny as Camels Dr. Cave out of Euseb Nazianzen saith his Mother Gorgonia prayed so oft that her Knees were hard and did as it were stick to the Ground Idem The Barking of Dogs the Bellowing of Oxen the Grunting of Hogs pleaseth God better than the Canting of Luxuriant Clergy-men Hibernic ex August Thou didst afflict me with Pain of the Teeth and when it was so great that I could not speak it came into my Mind to admonish all my Friends present to Pray for me unto the God of all Health And I wrote this in Wax and gave it to them to be read As soon as we had kneeled down the Pain went away I was amazed I confess my Lord my God for I had never found any thing like it in all my Life August l. 9. Conf. c. 4. Constantine the Great caused his Image in all his
them go without any severity shewed to them Euseb l. 3. c. 20. Origen refusing the maintenance of others Sold his Books to one that was to allow him four Oboli a day the day he spent in laborious exercises and tasks the most part of the Night in study always remembring that of our Saviour not to have two coats nor to wear shoes nor anxiously to care for the morrow Clemens Alex. speaks against Ivory Hafts or garnished with Silver Ivory-Tables Lamps of the Goldsmiths making and Ivory Bed or Couch Purple Carpets c. Paedag. l. 2. c. 3. Give us this day our daily bread i. e. saith Gregory Nyssen not Delicacies Riches Purple Vestures Golden Ornaments Pearls Jewels Silver Vessels Marble Pillars Silk Carpets Choirs of Musick c. Renounce the Devil and all his works the pomps and pleasures c. i. e. The sights and sports of the Theatre and such like Vanities Cyril Tertullian tells his Adversaries all the Plagues God sent in this World could not hurt them because they had no other concernment in this world but as soon as they could to get out of it Ap. c. 41. Hierom tells of Marcella that she lived so as always believing she should immediately die and never put off her Garments but it put her in mind of her Grave and Winding-sheet Tertullian tells of a Christian Woman possessed by the Devil at the Theatre and being asked how the durst enter into a Christian Woman He made Answer that he found her on his own ground Papists S. Francis renounced the World and when a Priest to whom he offered it would not take his Mony he cast it away and enter'd into a Vow of perpetual Poverty Baker's Chron. S. Francis Sales speaking of Cordial and Mental Prayer adviseth thus Begin all thy Prayers mental or Vocal with the presence of God keep this Rule without exception and in short time thou wilt perceive what profit thou shalt reap by it And again having finished saith he this mental Prayer take heed lest thou give thy heart a jog lest thou spill the Balm which thou hast received c. keep thy self silent for some time and fair and softly remove thy Heart from thy Prayers to thy worldly business Introd to a Devout Life Frequency and Diligence at Church Jews BEfore the Sun go down the Women kindle their Sabbatarian Lights which is an old Custom observed by Persius Satyr 5. The reason is because the first Woman extinguish'd the Light of Man by her Disobedience Rosse The Jews make haste to the Synagogue but go backward and slowly home Dr. Addison In Jerusalem are said to have been 480 Synagogues Purchas The Jews are rather too Precise in their Preparation for the Synagogue than too Remiss they Pray in order thereto betimes in the Morning for the earlier the Orison they think the more acceptable to God 'T is their common saying In Winter they raise the day in Summer the day raises them Some rise early every Morning to lament the Ruins of Jerusalem It is a general Tradition among them Heaven-gates are shut up at night after midnight they are opened and the noise of opening them awakens the Cocks and the Cock ought to awaken us to Prayers by his crowing and in their publick Liturgy they give thanks for this good Office of the Cock On Sabbath-mornings they creep under the Counterpane when they put on their Shifts that the beams of the House may not be privy to their Nakedness Before they go to the Synagogues at leaving their Apartments they bow their Heads moderately in Lamentation for the Temple They use all needful Evacuations they wash make haste to the Synagogue Dr. Addison Christians Chrysostom Hom. 56. Tom. 1. saith of the Church at Antioch that they would set aside all Affairs at home to come and hear Sermons at Church That it was the Honour of the City not their rich Suburbs brave Houses and gilded Dining-rooms but a diligent and attentive People that it was his great Encouragement to see such a famous and chearful Concourse a People so well ordered and desirous to hear Dr. Cave Origen in his Sermons reproved no fault so much as Absence from Church The Primitive Christians had several Sermons in the same Church Morning and Afternoon The Swedes have three Services every Sunday The Switzers likewise a daily Sermon Jacobites The Jacobites in Socotera Island have Altars in their Churches which they enter not but stand in the Porch Rosse Armenians The Bells all rang about midnight and every one rose to go to Church I believe it was more than usual because it was Shrove-tide for both the Office and the Missa were concluded before break of day Saith M. Tavernier concerning the Armenians in the Convent of St. Stephen's l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Lutherans The Protestants in the Palatinate have two Sermons on Sunday and every first Wednesday of the Month one Heathens At Hierapolis none who had look'd upon a dead Corps or in whose House any had died might be admitted into the Temple for thirty days Rosse out of Lucian In Siam every King of the Country is bound to erect a Temple with high Steeples and a multitude of Idols Idem At Jagrenate in India is a great Pagod where the Arch-Bramin keeps his Residence wherein is a great Idol called Resora with two Diamonds for his Eyes and one about his Neck the least of which weighs about forty Carats Bracelets about his Arms sometimes of Pearls sometimes of Rubies The Revenues of which Pagod are sufficient to feed 15 or 20000 Pilgrims every day which is a number often seen there that Pagod being the greatest place of Devotion in all India it maintains above 20000 Cows That which makes it so Rich is the vast Alms that are continually bestowed by so incredible a Multitude as comes from all parts Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 9. Greeks The Greeks in Cyprus upon Sundays and Holy-days rise between one and two of the clock in the Morning to sing Matins for which purpose there is a Clerk that goes from Door to Door and knocks with a Hammer to wake the People and then cries out with a loud Voice Christians go to Church Tavernier l. 2. c. 6. p. 81. They seem to me scarcely excusable from a Capital Sin that build or adorn Churches and Monasteries with immoderate Expences when so many living Temples of Christ are Poor c. Erasmus Muscovites The Muscovites go thrice to Church on Sundays and Festivals to Mattins Sasterim before day to the Obedny at noon to Vespers or Wadschemi in the Evening They stand all the Service-time or kneel incessantly bowing before the Images c. Whereas in my former Impression of these Travels I said that in the City and Suburbs of Moscou there were above 1500 Churches and Chappels and John Lewis Godfrey Author of the Archontologia Cosmica thinks that number incredible I must needs acknowledge that I was much mistaken and now affirm for certain
there are above 2000 for no Lord but hath his private Chappel nor any Street but hath many of them though most of Wood and very small ones but fifteen foot square D. of Holstein 's Embass Indian Christians The Indian Christians though heir Churches are low and ill furnished yet they are neat and sweetly kept matted and without painted which the Greek Churches abound with They assemble chearfully and at their entring shut their Eyes the better to contemplate the Exercise they come about with their own Unworthiness Kneeling they look towards the Altar near which the Priest is seated him they salute with humble Reverence who returns his Blessing with the uplifting of his Hands and Eyes Sir Thomas Herbert Mexicans In Mexico were thirteen Temples Purchas Mahometans In Fez are 700 Mosquits some garnished with many Pillars and Fountains of Marble each Temple hath a Priest to say Service and look to the Churches Revenue Rosse Tunquinese In Tunquin the great Cities have several Pagods and hardly a Town or Village but hath one and for every Pagod at least two Bonzes and two Says but some Pagods maintain forty Bonzes and as many Says Tavernier's Collect. Pegu. In Pegu they are magnificent in their Pagods having some of beaten Gold in the Varella or Temple of their King there are three of Silver and one of Massy Gold in the shape and proportion of a Man c. Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Circassia They have one thing remarkable that they never enter their Churches till they resolve to have off Vice that is till after forty years of Age after which time they rob no more Ibid. German Protestants Those of the Palsgrave's Country had each Sunday two Sermons the absent first admonished by the Clergy the next time the Civil Magistrate was called to help Those of Geneva in the Churches of their Cities every Sunday four Sermons Those of Breme three of which one was Catechetical Mr. Hale 's Letter from the Synod of Dort to Sir D. Carleton L. Embass Papists What meant sundry Ancient Councils as the Eleventh of Tolet in Spain yea even of Trent it self to enjoyn frequent Preaching calling for more than any Man almost is able to perform Anonym Catechising Jews COncerning the care which the Jews now take in Catechising their Children see afterwards under the Title of Good Children Christians 8. Clemens praiseth the Corinthians that they took care to admonish their young Men to follow things modest and comely and exhorts them to instruct the Younger to make their Children Partakers of the Discipline of Christ Dr. Cave Constantine's first and greatest care towards his Sons was to secure the Happiness of their Souls by sowing the Seeds of Piety in their Minds which he did partly himself by appointing Religious Tutors for them and when he had taken them into a Partnership of the Government by private Admonitions or by Letters giving them Counsel c. This was always the first and chief Point That they should prefer the Knowledge and Worship of GOD the Great King of the World before all other advantages yea the Empire it self Idem Nazianzen commends his Mother that not only she her self was brought up under a Pious Education but conveyed it down as a necessary Inheritance to her Children Gorgonia being well seasoned with her Instructions and Example for she reclaimed her Husband educated her Children and Nephews in the ways of Religion while she lived and left this as her last Charge and Request when she died Idem The Order of Catechising in the Primitive Times is thus delivered by Mr. Gabriel Towerson c. 1. When any desired to become a Proselyte inquiry was made not only into the Life of the Catechumen but of those who brought him 2. Upon Admonition and a promise of Reformation he was admitted into the Rank of Catechumens by Prayer and Imposition of Hands and so passed over to his Instructor in a private School or Auditory 3. The Catechist entertain'd him with a long Narration of the Story of the Bible from the Creation to the Birth Life Death and Resurrection of our Saviour c. closing with the last Jugment and an Admonition to beware of False Teachers and of being scandalized at the ill Lives of some Christians The Catechist all this while standing though S. Austin would have had it changed into a sitting Posture to prevent weariness 4. After this they were taught particular Points as of Faith c. Then admitted to the Lessons and the Expositions of them in publick and lastly to the Prayers of the Catechumens 5. After two or more Years they gave up their Names and Petitions to be Baptized usually before Easter and then plied with earnest Exhortations to Repentance Fasting and Prayer 6. The Apostles and next the Bishops were Catechists afterwards the Office was devolved on others as Cyprian appointed one Optatus one not of the Clergy Augustine one Deo-gratias a Deacon Demetrius Bishop of Alexandria made Origen at eighteen Years a Catechist of that Famous School In a Synod held at Clovershow or Clyff under Cuthbert Arch-Bishop of Canterbury A. C. 〈◊〉 it was ordained That those Priests who did not as yet understand the Creed and the Lords Prayer should both learn themselves and teach them to others in the English-Tongue Speâ—m Concil p. 242. Can. 10. By Canons given under King Edgar A. C. 967. care was taken That Children should be taught their Pater-noster and Credo by their Parents else when dead not to be buried in Consecrated Ground or thought worthy to receive the Eucharist Ibid. p. 447. Can. 17.22 Much the same thing and in the same words is enjoyned amongst the Ecclesiastick Laws of K. Knute a. 1032. A. C. 1548. Arch-Bishop Cranmer compiled a Catechism dedicates it to the King and in his Epistle complains of the great neglect that had been in former times of Catechising Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation It was the Observation of the Learned'st King that ever sate on the English Throne That the Cause of the Miscarriage of our People into Popery and other Errors was their ungroundedness in the Points of Catechism Therefore his said Late Majesty gave publick Order for bestowing the latter part of the LORD's Day in Familiar Catechism For my part I have spent the greater half of my Life in this station of Holy Service I thank GOD not unpainfully not unprofitably But there is no one thing whereof I repent so much as not to have bestowed more Hours in this Publick Exercise of Catechism in regard whereof I could quarrel with my very Sermons c. Bp. Jos Hall Ep. Ded. to the Old Relig. Geldria One of the Deputies of Geldria to shew the Force of Catechising told That amongst them a Minister who at his first coming to his Living found all his Parishioners Papists so that he must Preach to the Walls c. But by going to their Houses and expounding the Grounds of Religion within a Year he gained them all
Titus Vespasian came against them to Jerusalem rather than prophane their Festival they exposed themselves unanimously to the danger of the Enemy Private Persons among them as one here in England falling into a Jakes on the Sabbath-day have through an obstinate Perseverance in their Superstition run the hazard of their lives Christians Victorinus a Rhetorician at Rome a Man of great Note and Fame who had obtained the honour of a publick Statue but a zealous Pagan upon reading Scripture turn'd Christian which he told privately to Simplician who would not believe him unless he would testifie it also in the Publick Church To which at first he answered with some scorn What! Are they then the Walls that make a Christian Afterwards becoming sensible of his Fault and gathering courage afraid lest Christ should deny him if he should refuse to confess Him came to Simplician and said Come let us go into the Church and I will now become a Christian. He did so and was Instructed and Baptized and being to make the accustomed Confession the Ministers offered him the liberty of Privacy as to those who were of a bashful temper which he refused making Confession before all the People Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 2. One Blandina in the French Persecution under Aurelius a good Woman yet of whom the Church was afraid how she should hold out because of the tenderness of her Body and Education when she came to it though plied from Morning 'till Night with all kind of Racks and Tortures she bore up with invincible Courage refreshing her self ever and anon with these words I am a Christian and no Evil is done by us Her Tormentors gave over and wondered That a Body so broken should be able to breath The Britains in the time of Austin the Monk would not renounce their Hen Fydh old Faith counting Popery an Innovation then and therefore stoutly resisted all that Austin said Th. Jones of Oswestree John Rodolph Stadler a Clock-Maker of Zurik who had been five Years in the King of Persia's Service and growing weary of being so long among Infidels was desirous to return into his own Countrey but desiring his Majesty's leave had 400 Crowns promised him to stay two Years longer But this prevail'd not for he got the German Ambassadors to interceed for him In the mean time his House was broke open in the night and the Thief kill'd for which he was Condemned to dye with this proviso That if he would be circumcised and turn Mussulman he should be pardon'd Most of the Lords sollicited him very much to change his Religion at least in shew and for a time and promised him advantages Twice he was brought to the place of Execution in the Maidau in hopes the horrour of death would oblige him to renounce but his constancy could not be shaken He told them that the King's favour should never make him lose that which Jesus Christ had done for him in redeeming him from Eternal death by his blood c. The Augustine Monks and Carmelites endeavour'd all they could to make him profess himself Roman Catholick but all in vain at last he was delivered up to the Relations of the Deceased and at 3 blows struck down to the ground 1637 D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 208. and M. Tavernier l. 5. c. 4. Armenians M. Tavernier cites several examples of the constancy of the Armenians in maintaining their Religion against the persecutions of the Mahometans as of one that went to the Cadi saying Sir you know that some years since I turn'd Mahometan now I come to declare before you that I have repented of denying the Saviour of the world and embracing your wicked law proceeding to blaspheme Mahomet for which he was cut in pieces l. 4. c. 14. Mahometans A Gentleman of Quality and a servant to the Mogul would needs be baptized and become a Christian whereupon the King sent for him and by promises and threats strongly attempted to turn him again to Mahometanism for a tryal of his constancy but he replied to the Mogul that he was most willing to suffer any thing in that cause that the King could inflict and as for the rewards proffered he would not accept of any thing to forsake his said Religion whereupon the Mogul wondering at his constancy told him that if he could have frighted him or brought him from his new Profession he would have made him an example for all Waverers but perceiving his resolution with a reward dismissed him Anonyn Author of the Manners of Indolstan c. Observation of the Lord's Day or Sabbath Jews IN the days of Mattathias Father of Judas Maccabeus 1000 were murdered without resistance 'till by him they were better advised Before that time Ptolomey captivated Jerusalem and the Jews both by this advantage viz. their superstitious strictness in observing the Sabbath So did Pompey afterwards They cavilled with our Saviour's Disciples for plucking and rubbing a few Ears of Corn on that day when they were hungry A Jew fell into a Privy at Maidenburg 1270. on the Sabbath and another at Tewksbury 1220. and were the one by the Bishop of the place the other by the Earl of Glooester constrained to abide the Christian Sabbath the latter of them died in his stinking Superstitious Devotion They Fasted that Day 'till Noon their Sabbath-days Journey was not above 2000 Paces by the Institution of Barachibas Simeon and Hellis Rabbins The Sacrifices and accustomed Rites of the Sabbath are mentioned Num. 28. Lev. 23 24. where we may read That the daily Burnt-Offering and Meat-Offering and Drink-Offering were doubled on the Sabbath and the Shew-bread renewed c. Sam. Purchas Theolog. Disq of Asia Africa c. Dr. Addison tells us That amongst the Jews in Barbary every Sabbath is observed with three Feasts and four Offices that all the Afternoon of Friday is usually taken up in Preparation as washing trimming pairing the Nails whetting the Knives c. the Office of the Sabbath-arrit Eve is very long They have Garments designed only for the honour of the Sabbath for which they urge Isa 58.13 Thou shalt honour Him And how canst thou do it in thy every days vile Habit They excite their Devotion by repeating such Sentences as these Prepare to keep the Sabbath and rest from all the Work Provide the choicest Diet for the Day Prepare good Wine Flesh and Fish Speak nothing but what may cause Mirth If all things necessary are provided thou art Praise-worthy Come with a good appetite Cover the bed decently A certain Rabbi saith That he who merrily passeth the Sabbath hath whatsoever he will ask of God as it is written Delight thou in the Lord and he shall give thee thy hearts desire They sleep a good part of the Sabbath morning and much indulge their Genius on that day observing strictly three Banquets They are forbid to fast longer than the sixth hour because thou shalt call the Sabbath a delight He that purposely fasts on the
Sabbath must fast the next day after to do Penance After Dinner the Rabbies have thought fit to study or read sacred Writ because say they the Sabbath once complained to God for lack of a Meet Companion and God answered Israel shall be thy Companion for on the Sabbath they shall learn the Law c. Dr. Addison Esseans The Esseans are more severe than any other in observing the Sabbath for they do not only abstain from dressing of meat which they dress the Evening before that day but also they may not remove any Vessel out of its place nor satisfie the necessities of nature Josephus de Bell. Jud. l. 2. c. 7. The Talmud expresly speaks for no other Reason was the Temple at Jerusalem destroyed but because the Jews observed not the Sabbath aright Though a Man have an hundred Maids or the command of a Thousand Servants yet he himself ought with his own hands to do something in honour of the Sabbath and so we read in the Talmud that Rabbi Casdam cut the Pot-herbs R. Joseph clave the Wood R. Sira kindled the fire R. Nachman swept the House and covered the Table Dr. Addison Present State of the Jews in Barb. Christians The first Observation of the Christian Sabbath was more by the Providence and Design of God than the Apostles own Inclination Joh. 20.19 The second was performed volutarily Joh. 20.26 So afterwards upon the Day of Pentecost being the first day Act. 2.1 Act. 20.7 Rev. 1.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Just. Mart. Apol. 2. Countrey work about Husbandry Vintage Sowing Mowing Threshing c. is prohibited by the Council of Arles Conc. 3. Can. 21. Fasting is forbid Conc. Caesar August Vid. Carrauz Sum. p. 119. S. Augustine declares himself frequently against Dancing on the Lord's Day Hearing or pleading of Causes on the Lord's Day is prohibited apud Gratian. Adrian p. c. 15. q. 4. item Conc. Eph. Conc. Tarracon c. Judges Riding to Assizes is reproved very gravely by Gattaker in his Sermon called God's Parley with Princes p. 13. Concerning God's Judgments upon Sabbath-Breakers see Mr. Mayer on the Church-Catechism also the Practice of Piety and my Book called The Christian's Companion The whole Week is Sanctified by this Day and according to my care of this is my Blessing on the Rest Dr. Hall To the same purpose Judge Hale remark'd upon himself That according to his Devotion on the Lord's Day he prospered in his Affairs the Week following Modern Heathens I came to the place where my Company Encamped they waited only for a Billet from the Customer to be gone but it could not be had that Day because it was Friday and the Customer who was a Mahometan observed that Day with great exactness M. de Thev Travels into the Indies l. 3. p. 77. In Guinea The Heathens forbear on their Sabbath which is Thursday Fishing and Husbandry and the Palm-Wine that is got that day must not be sold but offered to the King who bestows it on the Courtiers to drink at Night View of the Engl. Acqu in Guin and the E. Ind. On this Day in the Market-place on a Table three yards high whose flat cover is made of straw and reeds interwoven they place many Rings which they call Festiloes or Gods and within them set Wheat Water and Oil for their Gods whom they imagine devour it Ibid. Discipline Jews THe Jews still enjoyn Circumcision under its old Penalty Gen. 17. viz. Cutting off Yet they are not peremptory about the precise time viz. Eight days after the birth I knew one Jacob Israel Belgara born in Spain coming afterwards to Barbary 1667 Circumcised in the 40th year of his Age. Dr. Addison Christians I called to mind a passage of a Letter of Cornelius that was Bishop of Rome after the middle of the Third Century preserved by Eusebius in his 6th Book ch 43. There were 46 Presbyters 7 Deacons 7 Subdeacons 94 of the inferiour Orders of the Clergy among them also 1500 Widows and other Poor maintained out of the publick Charities Dr. Burnet's Letters When Philip the Emperor would have gone into Church on Easter-Eve to Prayers the Bishop of the place would by no means suffer it till he had made Confession of his Sins and passed thro' the Order of Penitents being guilty of great sins and the Emperor very willingly submitted to it Euseb l. 6. Some think this was rather Philip Governor in Egypt Theodosius the Great for his barbarous Slaughter of the Thessalonians was by S. Ambrose suspended brought to publick Confession forced a severe Penance for eight Months together Prostrations in the Church tearing off his Hair beating his Forehead watering his Cheeks with Tears c. crying out as David My Soul cleaveth unto the dust quicken thou me according to thy word After which he was Absolved and restored to Communion Theodor. H. Eccl. l. 5. c. 15. A Publick Penitentiary an Holy grave Presbyter was appointed to take Confessions of those sins which persons had committed after Baptism and by Prayers Fastings Mortifications to prepare them for Absolution This continued some hundreds of years till Abrogated by Nectarius S. Chrysostom's Predecessor in Constantinople upon occasion of a Woman complaining that during her time of Penitent Exercises in the Church she was tempted to Folly by a Deacon This was done by the Advice of Eudemon most Bishops following his Example Dr. Cave The Clergy of Venice have a very extraordinary sort of Exemption and are a sort of a Body like a Presbytery independent of the Bishop The Curates are chosen by the Inhabitants of every Parish and no Noble Venetian is suffered to pretend to any Curacy thinking it below their Dignity There is a sort of Association among the Curates for Judging of their common concerns and some of the Laity of the several Parishes assist in those Courts so that here is a real Presbytery Dr. Burnet's Letters I wondred at two Discourses that I heard at one Church in Milan at the same time in the Afternoon for there were two Bodies of Men set down in different places of the Church all covered and two Lay-Men in ordinary Habits were entertaining them with Discourses of Religion in a Catechistical Stile These were Confrairies and those were some of the more Devout that instructed the rest This as I never saw any where else so I do not know whether it is peculiar to Milan or not Idem Cathay The Tartars here punish the breach of their Traditions with Death or a Penal Sum of Mony tho in Trifling matters as touching the Fire with a Knife medling with young Birds c. which are forbid Packet broke open vol. 2. Presbyterians Amongst the Presbyterians the Minister or Presbytery may not Excommunicate without the consent of the Church nor for any faults but sins of Perversness and after admonition nor for private sins but those which are publick and scandalous nor for the Sins of others as Bishop Auxilius Excommunicated a whole family
Study but among the Magistrates and Citizens And if there are not many Men of the first Form of Learning among them yet every one almost here hath a good Tincture of a learned Education insomuch that they are Masters of the Latin Tongue they know the Controversies of Religion and History and are generally Men of good Sense Dr. Burnet's Letters Muscovites A Muscovite may sell his Son and alienate him for his own Advantage but they seldom come to such Extremities and had rather see their Children Starve at home than suffer them to go out any where to Service Sometimes for Debt they make over their Children to their Creditors D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels The first thing the Muscovites teach their Children is to make their Reverences and Inclinations to the Images At Ladoga I lodg'd at a Womans House who would not give his Breakfast to a Child she had who could hardly either stand or speak till he had first made nine Inclinations or Bows to the Saint and as often as well as he could pronounce it said his Gospodi Lord have Mercy upon me Idem Persians The Persians put their Children very young either to Work or to School to learn to Write Read and Cast Account Their Metzid or Mosquits where they say their Prayers serve also for Schools No City but hath as many Metzids as Streets every Street being obliged to maintain a Metzid with a Molla or Professor or Principal and Calife which is the Regent belonging to it Idem They have also Universities Medressa and Professors Mederis at Ispahan Sohiras Ardebil Meschid Tabris Caswin Kom Jescht Schamachie c. with Revenues from such Provinces as pay no Taxes to the King for the teaching of Mathematicks Eloquence Poetry Natural and Moral Philosophy Law and Medicine Idem Chinese The first Lectures they make to Youth are those of Compliments whereof there are whole Books Mandelslo Indians The Bannians accustom their Children betimes to fly Idleness and instead of permitting them to play in the Streets as we generally do they teach them Arithmetick which they are so perfect at that without making use of either Pen and Ink or Counters but only of their Memories they will in a moment cast up the most difficult Account that can be imagined Tavernier Part 2. l. 2. c. 3. Turks The Turks are not much given to Contemplation Learning yet are careful to breed up their Children and to be Instructed for the which there are many Schools where they read their Laws to the end they may serve in their Mosques or be able to Govern the Common-weal Knolles Persians The Persians seldom see their Infants 'till past four Years of Age from which or Twenty they learn to Ride and Shoot also to fair meanly lodge hard watch till the ground and be content with small things Sir Tho. Herbert Heathens Japan In Japan they bring up their Children with extraordinary Indulgence and Mildness never beating and very seldom chiding them considering that they are not yet come to the use of Reason and for this reason their Children at 7 8 or 9 Years of Age have more piercing Wits and are more Searching and Inquisitive and Brisk than our Youth at Seventeen or Eighteen Mandelslo's Trav. p. 157. Siam In Siam the Inheritance is divided equally to the Children except the Eldest who hath some advantage at five or six Years of Age they are put to the Ecclesiasticks to Write and Read and be Instructed in Religion the Parents in the mean time very seldom seeing them afterwards to a Trade or if Ingenious continued in their Studies to fit them for the Priestly Function or some other Employments which among them are bestowed according to Merit not Money Idem p. 104. Tunquin In Tunquin when they put forth a Child to learn Sculpture Painting Goldsmith's Work c. before they let him Work they set him upon an Altar and Sacrifice to the Idol Tiensa which is the Patroness of Handicrafts to the end she may infuse into the Lad Wit and Aptness to learn Tavern Coll. Good Children Jews KIng Josiah Timothy c. Hopeful from their Youth At Five Years old the Children go to School are Five Years learning the Pentateuch at Ten are put to learn the Mischna and some choice Parcels of the Talmud at Thirteen they receive the Passeover and are purified and now are answerable for their own Faults And at this Age by way of Question and Answer there are no Youth under Heaven can give so good account of their Religion as the Jewish Dr. Addison They are usually girt as soon as their Bodies will endure it and never go ungirt to the Synagogue ungirt unblest Idem Christians Origen when a Child was mightily inquisitive into the recondite meaning of the Scriptures even tiring his Parents with asking Religious Questions comforting his Father in Prison with Letters and hardly forbearing to offer himself to Martyrdom Dr. Cave Mr. Tho. Cartwright in his younger Years hath risen many times in the Night to seek out places to pray in Clark's Lives Mr. Arthur Hildersam of Papist-Parents was converted by Mr. Desborow his School-Master and fitted for Cambridge by thirteen Years of Age. Idem Mr. Rich. Sedgwick when a School-boy living with an Uncle when the rest of the Family were at their Games and Dancings he would be in a Corner mourning his Uncle at first imputed it to Bookishness and rebuked him for it but at last perceiving the Truth of the thing began to hate him cast him out of his Family saying A Puritan should never inherit his Land Idem Mr. Julines Hering born in Montgomery educated first in Shropshire next removed to Coventry when at School was noted for his diligence in reading the Scriptures On Play-days he with two or three more School-Fellows would pray together repeat the Heads of their Catechism with the Sermons which they heard last Lord's Day Idem Mr. Herbert Palmer esteem'd Sanctified even from the Womb at the Age of four or five Years he would cry to go to his Lady-Mother Sir Tho. Palmer being his Father that he might hear somewhat of GOD. When a Child little more than five Years old he wept in reading the Story of Joseph and took much pleasure in learning Chapters by heart He learned the French-Tongue almost so soon as he could speak He often affirmed That he never remembred the Learning of it By his Discourse he could hardly be distinguish'd from a Native French-man When at the Latine-School at vacant hours when others were at play he was constantly observed to be reading studiously by himself Dr. W. Gouge at School continually studious even at Play-hours was even then conscionable in secret Prayer and Sanctifying the Sabbath much grieved at the Sports and Pastimes used too licenciously on that day Mr. Tho. Gattaker often chid by his Father from his Book Mr. Jer. Whitaker when a School-Boy would frequently go in company 8 or 10 Miles to hear a Warming-Sermon and took Sermon-Notes
and was helpful to others in repeating them c. Though his Father often and earnestly endeavoured to divert him yet when a Boy he was unmoveable in his desires to be a Minister Clark's Lives Arch-Bishop Vsher at ten Years old found himself wrought upon by a Sermon on Rom. 12.1 I beseech you Brethren by the Mercies of God c. About the same time he was moved to a more conscientious observation of the Lord's Day by reading some Notes taken from Mr. Perkins's Works then also he read Augustine's Meditations with frequent weeping Idem D. Bern. King Edw. VI took Notes of such things he heard in Sermons which more nearly related to himself Hist of Reform Queen Elizabeth wrote a good hand before she was four Years old and understood Italian Dr. Burnet Ibid. Mrs. Marg. Corbet Daughter of Sir Nathanael Brent Warden of Merton College when about 14 Years of Age wrote Sermons with dexterity and left many Volumes of such Notes writ with her own hand Clark Mrs. Elizabeth Wilkinson was from her Childhood very docile took much pains in writing Sermons and collecting special Notes out of Practical Divines When I was about 12 Years old saith she in a Narrative written with her own hand upon reading in the Practice of Piety concerning the happy Estate of the Godly and the miserable condition of the wicked in their Death and so for ever unto all Eternity it pleased the Lord so to affect my heart as from that time I was wrought over to a desire to walk in the ways of God Sir Tho. More never offended his Father nor was ever offended by him Olympia Fulvia Morata an Italian born at Ferrara bred at Court there with the Young Princess the Duke's Daughter of a singular Spirit for Learning could both Write and speak Elegant Latine and Greek in her very young years c. Anon. Mahometans The poor Hindoes though they have not above five Shillings a Moon for their Labour yet will impart at least half that little to their Parents when in want Anon. The Great Mogul though he esteemed the whole World as his Vassals would sometimes be one to help to carry his Mother in a Palankee upon his Shoulders Idem Persians Parentes non honorantes brevis aevi sunt Sir Tho. Herb. out of Homer Amongst the Ancient Persians Children from the fifth Year of their Age to the twentieth used little other exercise saith Herodotus than to ride the Horse Shoot and speak Truth Sir Thomas Herbert Chinese The Chinese marry not without their Parents consent leave their Childrens Names to them honour them be they never so mean relieve them be they never so poor at their death express all symptoms possible of Duty in white Linnen mourn seldom less than two or three Years Mahometans It is observed That the Children of Mahometans have a particular Tenderness to them that brought them into the World nay it is sometimes so great that they will rather starve themselves than suffer their Parents to want Mandel Trav. p. 61. Persia In Persia the Children go to School betimes Persons of Quality have Tutors at home so that they stir not abroad till 18 unless a Hunting c. And therefore are very modest Tavern Good Husbands Jews AMongst the Ancient Hebrews we find Abraham to Sarah Isaac to Rebecca Jacob to Rachel discharging well the Duties of Husbands to their respective Wives that which looks most like a blemish in these Examples and of others that lived after them in the Jewish Oeconomy is their marrying of many Wives a Point very obscure yet connived at and seemingly permitted for the time and continued still in use among the Jews and accounted as one of their chief Privileges For they believe That a Man may take as many Wives as he can find with Meat Drink Cloaths and the right of the Bed But because Polygamy is clog'd with inconveniencies which an ordinary Eye may fore-see consequent upon it they are not now a-days very fond of the Practice Christians In Venice the Wives are bred to so much Ignorance and they converse so little that they know nothing but the dull Superstition on Holy-days in which they stay in the Churches as long as they can and so prolong the little liberty they have of going abroad on those days as Children do their Hours of Play They are not employed in their Domestick Affairs and generally they understand no sort of Work so that I was told that they were they insipidest Creatures imaginable they are perhaps as vicious as in other places but it is in them down-right lewdness without any preamble or preparative down-right heastliness The Italians by their excessive caution want the true delights of a Married State Dr. Burnet's Letters Ancient Heathens Socrates is recorded to hear with much Patience not only other cross accidents in his Life Affronts Reproaches Injuries but also the perverseness of his Wife Xantippe her railing Words abusive Behaviour throwing the Chamber-pot upon his Head over-throwing the Table when he had invited his Philosophical Guests to Feast with him insomuch that she herself gave this Testimony of him That she never saw him change Countenance for any thing that befel him but used still codem incedere vultu to go out and return home with the same evenness of Spirit and pleasantness of Face Heathens In the Moluccaes they have Officers who at break of Day go about the Town and with the beat of a Drum awake the People and exhort the Masters of Families to remember their Matrimonial Duties Mandel Trav. p. 130. Moluques What is mention'd before about the Office of beating a Drum every Morning at break of Day I find observed by another Traveller with only this addition That they account it their publick Interest that the Inhabitants should multiply Pac. broke open Vol. 2. Good Wives Jews THE Rabbins have taught the Jews in Barbary against the time of Child-birth to draw Circles in the Chamber of the Woman with Child and on the Doors within and without and Walls and about the Bed inscribing every Circle with Adam Chava Chutz Lilis i. e. Adam Eve Begone Lilis Lilis was as they say Adam's first Wife but disobedient and undutiful and therefore was upon her speaking the Most Holy Name rapt up out of his sight into the Air and tho afterwards pursued by three Angels who overtook her at the Red Sea she refused to return pleading That she was created in the same manner as Adam was and therefore she would not be Subject but that she was to destroy the Male-Children for eight Days after the Birth and Females for Twenty The Angels finding in her a shrewd resistance dismiss'd her on this condition That she should spare those Infants where she saw their Names written And to this Time the Jews use to write the three Angels Names in a Table or Parchment Senei Sanfenoi Saumangeloph and to hang them for Amulets about the Children's Necks The meaning of Adam Eve
the Messengers but a dismal Spectacle Origen chose rather to commit Idolatry than Fornication though that too was his Enemy's Act rather than his own they hailing him up to the Altar and thrusting the Frankincense into his hand Dr. Cave 6. They accounted Uncleanness an heinous sin and amongst all the sins that were punished sharply in the Ancient Church Adultery was one of the chief Marcion being found guilty of lying with a Virgin and therefore thrown out of the Church betook himself to one Cerdon a Master-Heretick and espoused his Doctrines The Punishment for Adultery was perpetual Penance all a Man's Life and scarce admission to Communion at the Hour of Death 'till Pope Zephyrianus A. C. 216. ordered the Penance for a shorter space of time which offended the Afric Churches Tertullian inveighs bitterly against it as a thing unfit in it self and an Innovation in the Church The Council of Ancyra A. 315. set Adultery at 7 Years Penance Can. 20. The Council of Illiberis decreed for the second Fault perpetual penance not to be absolved at Death S. Basil in his Rules of Discipline for Amphilochius sets Fornication at 7 Years Penance Adultery at 15. His Brother Gregory Bishop of Nyssa sets Fornication at 9 Years Penance Adultery and all other kinds of Uncleanness at 18 yet giving liberty to Spiritual Guides to contract c. Justin M. gives an instance of a Woman that had lived lewdly with her Husband but Repenting and Reforming became strictly chaste and sober and would have persuaded her Husband to do the like but he obstinately refusing it begat a quarrel and that quarrel at last became the Matter of publick cognisance and was an occasion for Justin Martyr to write that excellent Apology for the Christians Apol. p. 41. Theodosius provided by a Law That no Woman should marry within a Year at least after her Husband's death and ratified it by a double Penalty Note of Infamy and loss of Dowry and whatever her Husband had bequeath'd to her Muscovites The postures of the Muscovites in Dancing and the insolence of their Women are infallible marks of their bad inclinations We have seen at Moscou both Men and Women come out of the publick Brothel-Houses stark naked and incite some young People of our Retinue to naughtiness by their filthy and lascivious expressions D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 60. Yet Adultery is look'd upon as a Sin unpardonable A Polander turning Greek to marry a Muscovite Beauty being forced to take a Journey into Poland his Lady in his absence made a shift to be otherwise supplied and had a Child but fearing her Husband's displeasure retired into a Monastery and was shaved Her Husband would fain have got her out again and pardon'd the offence but it would not be permitted it being according to their Theology a Sin against the Holy Ghost not to be pardon'd in this nor the other World Ibid. Mahometans The Law of Mahomet allows four Wives to any and as many Concubines as they please The Great Mogul is said to have four Wives and a thousand Concubines yet had but six Children yet the Mahometan-Priests and some others content themselves with one Sultan Coob-Surroo one of the Mogul's Sons a Prince of a lovely Presence had but one which accompanied him in all his straits for in his younger Years he had been tempted to Rebellion Anon. The Turks in their Bagnio's separate Men from Women The strict Votaries of that Religion marry not at all 'T is observed those Mahometans who have most Concubines and Wives are most jealous and will not suffer their Wive's Brothers or Fathers to come to them except in their presence Honest Women of reputed Chastity will not at any time be seen but by their Husbands but if they are found Incontinent their own Brother's Hands shall be first against them to take away their Lives rather than they shall not be punished In Indolstan is notwithstanding a free Toleration for Whores who are inrolled before they can have liberty to keep such a House Some of them appear before the Mogul singing wanton Songs playing on Timbrals c. Heathens The Hindoes take but one Wife and are not jealous as the Mahometans who have many suffering their Wives to go whither they please Their Widows cut their Hair and live as Creatures neglected by themselves and others some are ambitious to dye with honour in their Husband's Funeral pile and she that is thus resolved never starts back but goes singing to her Death and altho ' not bound yet never offers to stir out of the Flames The Persees in Indostan have but one Wife who likewise is permitted to go abroad The Mogul one day found one of his Eunuchs kissing one of his Women Put her in a hole in the Ground up to her Head there she died in torment parch'd with the Sun after she had lain a Day and a Night crying out Ah! my Head c. The Eunuch in the same place in her sight was cut in pieces The Women of Deyly are handsome and the Gentiles very chaste insomuch that if the Mahometan Women did not by their wantonness dishonour the rest the Chastity of the Indians might be proposed as an Example to the Women of the East M. de Thevenot Trav. l. 3. c. 25. The Persian Women when they go abroad veil their Faces Sir Th. Herb. The Persees severely punish Adultery and Fornication Mandelslo's Travels Haron Wathic Billak a Turkish Chalif kill'd himself with immoderate Venery Hottinger Armenians One Mariage a Deputy from the King and French Company for Trade with Persia at Zulpha by the means of an old Woman Mother of one of his Lacqueys having debauch'd an Armenian Girl whom he kept privately to himself so soon as it was noised abroad all the Armenians were scandaliz'd at it and sent to seize the Bawd to punish her by their Laws as she deserv'd Mariage fled out of his Lodgings to her Assistance but seeing the People in an Uproar and finding the Stones to fly too thick about his Ears he was forc'd to seek his own safety was threatened by the Armenians to be complained of to the King of France and ever after lookt upon with Scorn and Contempt Tavernier's Collection of several Relations c. p. 36. Japonites In Japon Adultery is only punished in the Women Deflouring and Ravishing of Virgins in the Persons of the Criminals and the next of Kin too Idem p. 4. Here the Women live retir'd and are very faithful to their Husbands Ibid. p. 4. The Emperor having put to death one of the Lords of his Court out of hopes to enjoy his Wife she fearing Violence besought the Emperor to give her time to consider which was granted for some few days at the end whereof she shut her self up in a Room with her Children and after she had delivered a Paper to one of her Servants to carry to the Emperor she set the Chamber on fire and burnt both her self and her Children
my Salvation I wholly offer up my Soul and Body I cast my self wholly upon his Mercy and Grace c. Ibid. Andrew Willet a little before his death repeated the 146th Psalm and said it was a most sweet Psalm by and by rising out of a Trance to his Wife crying out he said Let me alone I shall do well Lord Jesu and so departed Anonym Robert Bolton in a Quartane Ague after meditating on the Four last Things desiring to be dissolv'd in the pangs of death he breathed out I am now drawing on apace to my Dissolution hold out Faith and Patience your work will quickly be at an end he died aged 60. Anonym William Whately in Sickness comforted himself with Ps 41.1 2. whilst a Friend was praying with him lifting up his Eyes and one of his Hands in the Close of the Prayer he gave up the Ghost aged 56. Idem Ant. Walleus called his Family and exhorted them to the fear of God then took his leave and fell asleep never thoroughly awaking till on the Lord's day at 11 a Clock he expired aged 66. 1639. Hen. Alting the day before his death sang Psal 130. with great Fervency in the Evening blessed his Children and exhorted them to fear God and to persevere in the Truth of the Gospel and so died aged 57. A. 1644. Fred. Spanhemius having preach'd his last Sermon at Easter upon Phil. 3.24 Who shall change our vile Body c. he prayed for his Family and himself and in the Close of his Prayer died 1649 aged 49. Philip de Mornay Lord of Plessis Marley being sick of a continual Feaver often said I fly I fly to Heaven and the Angels are carrying me into the Bosom of my Saviour I know that my Redeemer liveth I shall see him with mine Eyes and I feel I feel what now I speak he died aged 74. Mr. John Bruen of Stapleford in Cheshire Esq the Morning before his Death said I will have no Blacks I love no Proud nor Pompous Funeral neither is there any cause of Mourning but of rejoycing rather in my particular Immediately before his Death Lifting up his Hands he said The Lord is my Portion my Help and my Trust his blessed Son Jesus Christ is my Saviour and Redeemer Amen Even so saith the Spirit unto my Spirit therefore come Lord Jesus and kiss me with the Kisses of thy Mouth and embrace me with the Arms of thy Love into thy Hands I commend my Spirit O come now and take me to thy self O come Lord Jesus come quickly O come O come O come and so died aged 65 A.C. 1625. Mr. Will. Perkins to a Friend praying for him said Pray not for the mitigation of my Torments but for the increase of my Patience he died aged 44. A.C. 1602. Edw. Deering As for my Death I bless God I feel so much inward Joy and Comfort in my Soul that if I were put to my choice whether to die or to live I would a thousand times rather chuse Death than Life if it may stand with the Will of God he died A.C. 1576. Melancthon to his Son-in-law Dr. Bucer asking what he would have answered Nothing but Heaven and therefore trouble me no more with speaking to me I have delivered more upon this subject in a former Book called The Christians Companion Mahometans and Heathens A great Solider in eminent favour with the Great Mogul a Mahometan Atheist upon a wound proving Mortal by the occasion of a Hair pluckt off his Breast about his Nipple in wantonness by one of his Women when a dying said Who would not have thought but that I who have been bred so long a Soldier should have died in the Face of my Enemy by a Sword or Lance or Arrow or Bullet or by some such instrument of Death but now am forc'd to confess That there is a great God above whose Majesty I ever despis'd that needs no bigger Lance than a Hair to kill an Atheist a Despiser of his Majesty and so desiring that those his last Words might be told unto the King his Master he died The Dervise that gave his sense of the Apparition at Medina mentioned in the Chapter of Miracles c. died with those Words in his Mouth if my Memory fail me not O thou Woman with the Book in thine Hand have Mercy upon me Heathen Antient. I am not haled to Death but am ascending up to Heaven The last Words of Socrates with the Mortal Cup in his Hand Socrates said Mr. H. Bullinger was glad when his death approached because he thought he should go to Hesiod Homer and other Learned Men whom he should meet with in the other World then how much more do I enjoy who am sure that I shall see my Saviour Christ the Saints Patriarchs Prophets Apostles and all Holy Men which have lived from the beginning of the World These I say I am sure to see and to partake with them in Joy The Words of Dying Bullinger See more in Erasmus ' s Conviv Religios Cicero in his Dialogue concerning Old Age introduceth Cato Major speaking thus If any God should grant me leave to grow young and cry like an Infant in my Cradle again I would utterly refuse it nor would I be willing as one that hath run his Race out to be called back from the Goal to the beginning again For what Profit hath Life or rather what toil hath it not But whether it hath or no certainly it gluts or satisfies for I am not minded to lament that I have lived which many and they Learned Men have often done nor do I repent my Life because I have so lived that I think I was not born in vain and I depart hence as out of an Inn not from my Home O famous day when I shall go to that Assembly and Council of Divine Souls and depart out of this Rout and Sink Occasions of Conversion Jews EVE Cohan was converted by ocasion of reading the New-Testament which she found in the Chamber of her Dancing-Master in Holland but being threatned and ill-treated by her Mother upon it married her Master came over into England and was baptized at London about half a score Years ago Discoursing once with an Italian Jew concerning the Conditions of Rome he began with great assurance to tell me That at Rome great Wonders were to be seen as a Man that could make his God make and unmake Sins at his pleasure c. closing up his Discourse with a deep Protestation That if he were a Christian the Vices and Doctrines of Italy would strongly tempt him to disown that Name Dr. Addison Christians Matthias Vessenbechius a Lawyer Student at Lovain converted by seeing the Sufferings of a poor Godly Man of that place Ex Melch. Ad. Francis Junius being at Lyons escaped an imminent Death upon which being somewhat awakened to a Sense of Divine Providence he desired to read over the New-Testament of which himself gives this Account When I opened
the New-Testament I first met with St. John's First Chapter In the beginning was the word c. I read part of it and was presently convinced that the Divinity and Authority of the Author did excel all humane Writings my Body trembled my Mind was astonished and I was so affected all that day that I knew not what I was Thou wast mindful of me O my God according to the multitude of thy Mercies and calledst home thy lost Sheep into thy Fold and from that day he wholly beat himself to pious Practices Anonym Bishop Vergerius was converted by occasion of seeing Fr. Spira in his misery or as some say by reading a Protestant Book with an intention to confute it S. Augustine gives us the Story at large of his own Conversion in his Book of Confessions and imputes it partly to the reading of Cicero's Hortensius to the Prayers of his Mother Monica and her continal Admonitions the Preaching of S. Ambrose but especially to the Discourse of Pontilian and his relation of the Life of S. Anthony which so stirr'd up his Passions that immediately he burst out into Tears retired into the Garden open'd his Testament at the direction of an Angel as he thought crying Take up and read and hit presently upon that Text Rom. 13.12 13 14. Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 7 8. Justin Martyr was converted by seeing of the Martyrs Maronites Sometimes before was arrived there at Suratte a Merchant of Aleppo who had run himself out at heels and of a Maronite Christian was become a Roman Catholick in hopes to patch up his fortune being in truth a meer Counterfeit and Hypocrite for these Levantine Christians seldom change their Religion but upon some Motive of Interest and when they have got a good Sum together they presently whip back again into their own Country and for a small piece of Money obtain Absolution of their Patriarch among many others I will only mention one Franciscan called Paulus Stella coming with 400 Crowns or thereabouts in his Pocket for his Subsistance a Maronite smelt him out and under the pretence of giving him the honour of his Conversion to the Catholick Religion never left him till he had suckt him dry and turn'd the Chanel of his Money This Maronite Merchant whose Name was Chelebi shewed himself very zealous for the Capuchins and he had reason enough for the Capuchins of Aleppo had been very serviceable to him and had helped him in his Affairs when they were at the lowest ebb They were overjoyed at his Arrival at Suratte and gave out immediately that it was he that had given them Money for the building their House and Church but when I came to look over my Accompts I found that the Money that had paid for the Ground and a good share of the building came out of my Purse Father Ambrose having promised that I should be reimbursed at my Return to Paris but I never heard more of my Money nor indeed did I ever look after it Tavernier's Collect. of several Relations c. p. 37. Papists Bruno Born in Collen and Professor of Philosophy in Paris about the year of Christ 1080 being present at the Singing of the Office for his Fellow-Professor now Dead a man highly reputed for his Holy Life the Dead Corps suddainly sits up in the Bier and cries out I am in God's just Judgments eondemned These words were uttered three several days at which Bruno was so affrighted that a man held so pious was Damned began to think what would become of himself and many more Therefore concluding there was no safety for him but by forsaking the World betook himself with six of his Scholars to a hideous place for dark Woods high Hills Rocks and wild Beasts in the Province of Dauphiny near Grenoble and there built a Monastery having obtained the ground of Hugo Bishop of Grenoble the place called Carthusia whence his Monks took their Name Rosse's view of all Relig. Jews R. Hakkunas Ben Nehunia was converted by occasion of the Miracles which he saw I am Hakkunas one of them that believe and have washed my self with the Holy Waters and walk in those right ways being induced thereunto by Miracles Hortinger out of Suidas c. Elias Levita before his Death became a Christian and with thirty more Jews received Baptism but upon what occasions or inducements I cannot learn A.C. 1547. Alsted Diverse kinds of Testimonies Miraculous to Christianity Jews 1. PRomises and Prophecies and Types in Sacred Scripture 2. Satan in Possess'd Persons and Daemoniacks What have we to do with thee Jesus thou Son of God c. The Devil answering the Sons of Scevi in the Acts Acts 19. c. 3. The Jewish Nation as it is at this day dispersed through all the World and dissolved in all the most material parts of its Oeconomy without a Legal Succession of Priesthood without Genealogies without Temple without Sacrifices Holy Land Holy City Holy Altar Holy Oyl and in a word without any Government in Church or State 4. All their Attempts to regain their own Land and rebuild their own City wonderfully frustrated especially in the times of Julian the Emperor Ammian Marcell l. 23. 5. All their pretended Prophets and Saviours discovered in a most shameful manner and convicted of Imposture and Deceit especially the ignominious Delusion of Barcocab which the Jews lament to this day 6. To which may be added the Abstinence and Preaching of John Baptist and the Miracles of our Blessed Saviour As also those mentioned by Josephus relating to the Destruction of Jerusalem e.g. in the Feast of Weeks before Vespasian came against Jerusalem the Priests heard a Man walking in the Temple and saying with a wonderful Terrible Voice Come let us go away out of this Temple let us make haste away from hence c. Josephus Roman The Image of a Virgin with a Child in her Arms about the Sun seen at Rome Three Suns seen Augustus forbidding himself to be called Lord his releasing 30000 fugitive Slaves a Comet a Fountain of Oyl running all day Oracles silenced Alsted Christian 1. The Miracles done by the Apostles and Primitive Christians c. which continued in the Church for two or three hundred years after our Saviour amongst the last Recorded this is one mentioned by S. Augustine at the Aque Tibilitanae Projectus the Bishop bringing the Remains of the Martyr Stephen in a vast Multitude of People a Blind Woman desiring to be brought to the Bishop and some Flowers which she brought being laid on those Relicks and after applied to her Eyes to the wonder of all she received Sight As also when the Bodies of S. Gervasius and Protasius were dug up and Translated to Ambrose's Church at Milan not only such as were vexed with unclean Spirits were healed but also a certain noted Citizen that had been blind many years enquiring into the Reason of so much Tumult and Rejoycing among the People and being told the Cause leaped for joy
Colleges Schools c. Jews THE Jews have had many Colleges not go speak of those mentioned in Scripture Naioth and Gibeah Bethel and Jericho since the destruction of Jerusalem their most famous have been Jabne or Jafne three Miles from Joppa Tiberias or Tzephorias Soran and Pumbedith Hottinger Persians There are many Mandresaes Colleges all over Persia D. of Holstein's Embass Trav. into Musc Tartary c. p. 159. The Persians in their Colleges observe this way the Student Reads two or three lines and the Doctor Expounds them then another Reads two or three more and rises up till the Doctor hath expounded them and bids him sit down again Their Books are mostly the Works of Kadgia Nesir some of Aristotle the Almagestes of Ptolomy which they call Magesti some of Euclide some of Archimedes the Opticks of Ebne Heister Galen Galenous they call him Averroes Abonalt or great Father Hermes Trismegistus Ormous Their chief Historian is Ronze el Zapha who wrote a Chronology from the Creation very Fabulously saying the World was Inhabited by Devils before the Creation c. Taver l. 5. c. 11. The Persians call their Colleges Medrese where there are a great number of Schollars bred up at little Charge out of the Legacies left to the Foundations They allow them a Chamber without Furniture themselves providing a Coverlet and Mattress for themselves They have no certain Masters but sometimes learn of one sometime of another seldom of the Monderes Principal who is generally the greatest Block-head of them all But there are several others in every good Town that Teach the Sciences to purchase Honour to themselves who are therefore liberal to get many Schollars to publish the Wisdom of their Akroom or Doctor Tavern l. 5. Mahometans There are two stately Colleges in Fez for Professors in Diverse Sciences Rosse Also 200 Grammar Schools About the Walls of their Mosquits are diverse Pulpits for their Readers who begin their Lectures shortly after break of day in the Summer They read after Sun-set Mahomet's Law and Moral Philosophy are read To the winter Lectures large Revenues are allowed Books and Candles Rosse Heathens In New Spain they had Schools and Seminaries Idem and Purchas c. Mahometans Near Belgrade the Grand Visier hath Built a Metreseck or College for Students I saw a Student Habited in Green and wearing a Turbant with four Corners which is a peculiar distinction Dr. Brown's Travels Idolatrous Indians The Bramins have a kind of University in a City which is called Benarez where they make all their Exercises in Astrology and where they have Doctors that Expound their Law which they very strictly observe But in regard they are so great a Number and cannot all come to Study at that University they are all very ignorant and consequently very Superstitious Those that go for the most refined Wits being the greatest Sorcerers Tavernier l. 3. c. 3. Tunquin The Tunquinese have a very great inclination for Learning and apply themselves to their Studies with diligence and success for that they cannot be advanced without it to the Offices and Dignities in the Kingdom by Learning I mean the Knowledg of the Laws of their Countrey Mathematicks Astronomy to which all the Orientials have a great Inclination Musick and Poetry Comedy and Tragedy To obtain Nobility in your Youth by Learning you must pass through three degrees of the Syude by close studying eight years and a rigorous Examination and this qualifies for the Office of a Notary Proctor c. The Doucan by studying Musick Astrology and Poesy five years The Tansi by spending four years more in Learning the Chinese Character to such a number of Words The last Examination is made in the great place within the enclosure of the Palace of Tunquin which is a stately Marble structure There the King is present Princes and great Lords of the Court the Manderim for Learning and all the Tansies and many also from distant Provinces come to the Solemnity Some have asserted extravagantly that sometimes there are 30 or 40000 Students present at this Examination but I cannot learn that the number ever exceeds 3000. Eight days are spent in Examination which is performed upon nine Scaffolds built like an Amphitheatre The eight days being passed they all appear again upon the same Scaffolds where in the View of all the World they who faultered in their Examinations are dismissed as unworthy of any Employment the rest are honoured with a Vest of Violet Satin which they presently put on and then take upon them the name of Tansies Then they have given them a list of the Towns and Villages where they are to receive the Rents which the King allows them some more some less To which places when they come the Inhabitants meet them with all sorts of Musick and a guilded Branquar carried by eight men where they divert themselves for three Months and then return to Court to Instruct themselves in the Affairs of the Kingdom and King's House and fit themselves for the Dâ—â—â—nity of a Mandarin Tavernier 's Collect of several Relat. Saracens About the year 1000 the Saracens had a famous Academy at Babylon wherein the Sorences especially Astrology and Physick were I aught Hotting Christians Under Valentinian the Emperor Students were not permitted to stay after 20 years of age lest the Splendor and Vanities of the City should tempt them to forsake the Service of their Countrey Five or six years time was allowed them there and no more Antiq. of the Brittish Churches Cardinal Pool Arch bishop Granmer and since them Dr. Marshal of Lincoln College in Oxon. were of Opinion that they who are designed for the Clergy should be Educated from their Infancy in the Cathedrals or with some Pious and Learned Divines and so inured to a good Life I wish our Universities were not detective in that point of Education which Ladies call Breeding and Accomplishment a Fault incident to all Schools of I earning yea Athens it self Plutarcho Taste the longer they stayed there the greater Clowns they proved Auth. of the Educ of Young Gentlemen Halor and Schalholt Bishops Sees with Petty Schools in Iseland Dr. Heylin Premonitions of Death Jews THE most remarkable Instances of this kind among the Jews we find in sacred Scripture first in the case of Aaron's Death which is foretold to Moses Numb 20.24 Next in the case of Moses which was revealed by God to himself Num. 27.12 13. and thirdly of Elijah's discovered before-hand to the Prophets both of Bethel and Jericho 2 Kin. 3.3 5. c. I say nothing of the Communication of God made of his recret Purposes concerning the Judgments he had decreed against Offenders as the drowning of the old World the Destruction of Sodom c. the drownning of the Egyptians the punishment of the Israelites by War Plague Famine the Earth swallowing up Corah Dathan and Abiram c. nor lastly the Death of our blessed Saviour presignified by Types Prophecy and Christ's own
Glanvil tells us from the Confession of some Witches that at their Night-Meetings when the Cloth is laid and the Devil set down at the upper end of the Table he useth some words before Meat Jews The Jews spreading their Hands over the Bread say Blessed art thou O Lord God King of the World who bringest Bread out of the Earth then over a Cup of Wine Blessed c. who hast made the Fruit of the Vine over Water no Blessing the 23d Psalm is set before them at Meal time and they have Multitudes of new Graces if any better Dainties be set before them Purchas Forms of Excommunication Jews The Degrees or Kinds of Excommunication are 1. THE Niddui the lowest sort as some think a separation or casting out of the Synagogue for about thirty Days during which time the Party was not to come within four Cubits either of Man or Woman nor to dress or trim himself as at other times yet admitted to instruction and divine Service Might be more severely punished his Son might be denied Circumcision his Dead not buried according to the Contumacy of the Person Excommunicated The Form was this N. Let him be excommunicated 2. The Shammatha the same with Maranatha as some think Mr. Selden thinks 't is the same with Niddui This was a total Exclusion from the Church a blotting them out of the Book of Life and not permitting them the least Communion in things of publick Religion and the word Shammatha they interpret the Coming of the Lord to take Vengeance on the Excommunicate It was never pronounced but when the Offender became desperate 3. The Cherem when the Offender within 30 days gave no sign of Amendment This was so dreadful and direful in our Saviour's time that many principal Jews who believed on Christ durst not confess him for fear of it See the Form By the Decrees of Cities and Command of the Holy we Anathematize adjure exterminate excommunicate curse and execrate God being willing and his Church by the Book of the Law by the 600 Precepts therein written by the Anathema with which Joshua anathematized Jericho by the Curse wherewith Elisha cursed the Young Man by the Curse wherewith Gehezi cursed his Boy and by the Excommunication with which Baruch excommunicated Merozi and by the Excommunication which R. Jehuda Son of Jehezkiel used in this matter and by all the Anathemata Imprecations Curses Excommunications and Exterminations which have been made from the time of our Master Moses and since by the name of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts Michael the great Prince by the name of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master by the name of Sandalipon who ties the bands of the Lord by the name of the 42 Letters by his name who appeared to Moses in the Bush by the name with which Moses divided the Sea by the name I am what I am by the mystery of the name Tetragrammaton by the Scripture that was written upon the Tables by the name of the Lord of Armies Sabath the God of Israel sitting upon the Cherubim By the name of the Spheres and Circles and Living Creatures Saints and Ministring Angels By the name of all the Angels which wait on the most High God Every Israelite and Israelitess who willingly and knowingly violates any of those laws which are now denounced to be observed Let him be Cursed of the God of Israel who sits upon Cherubim Let him be Cursed by the Bright and Glorious name which the High Priest in the day of expiation expresseth with his mouth Let him be Cursed by Heaven and Earth Cursed from Almighty God Cursed of Michael the great Prince Cursed of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master Cursed of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts of the Seraphim and of the Orbs of the Holy Animals and Angels who wait before the most High God of Israel in Holiness and Purity If he was born in the month Nisan which the Angel Vriel as the Prince of the Classes under which it is governs Let him be Cursed of him and all his Order and if in the month Ijar which the Angel Tzephaniel governs let him be Cursed of him and all his order c. Let him be Cursed of the 7 Angels set over the 7 weeks and of all their order and helping power Let him be Cursed of the 4 Angels which govern the 4 Seasons of the year Cursed of the 7 Palaces Cursed of the Princes of the Law by the name of the Crown and the name of the Seal Let him be Cursed of the great God strong and Bright Let him receive Confusion for his embraces Let him fall with swift Ruin Let God the God of Spirits put him under all Flesh Let God the God of Spirits lay him prostrate to all flesh Let the wrath of the Lord and Violent whirlwind fall upon the head of the wicked Let the Destroying Angels run upon him Let him be Cursed in every thing that he puts his hand to Let his Soul depart in Terrour Let him dye of the Quinsey Let not his breath come or go Let him be smitten with a feaver Dryness the Sword Rottenness the Jaundise Neither Let him be deliver'd from them before Destruction Let his sword enter into his own heart And let his Bows be broken Let him be as the dust before the wind and the Angel of the Lord scattering them Upon him shall rest all the Maledictions written in the Book of this Law and the Lord shall blot out his name from under Heaven Also the Lord shall separate him for mischeif out of all the Tribes of Israel to all the Curses of the Covenant written in the book of this Law But you who adhere to the Lord your God are all alive this day He that blessed Abraham Isaac Jacob and Moses and Aaron David and Solomon and the Prophets of Israel and those who are Pious among the Nations let him bless all this Holy Congregation except the man that hath violated this Anathema and so let it be his will and Decree Amen Dr. Addison Prsent state of the Jews in Barbary N. B. Samaritans were Excommunicated by sound of Trumpet and Singing of the Levites Ross Christians Greek A Form of the Greek Excommunication If they restore not to him that which is his own and possess him peaceably of it but suffer him to remain injured and damnifyed Let him be separated from the Lord God Creator and be Accursed and Unpardoned and Undissolvable after Death in this World and in the World to come Let Wood stones and iron be dissolved but not They. May they inherit the Leprosy of Gehazi and the Confusion of Judas may the Earth be divided and devour them like Dathan and Abiram may they Sigh and Tremble on Earth like Cain and the wrath of God be upon their Countenances may they see nothing of that for which they labour and beg their bread all their days may their works possessions and
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
because then the Face is disfigured on the second because then the Body begins to Putrify and on the twentieth because then the Heart Corrupts Some build Huts over the Grave and cover them with Mats because the Priest Morning and Evening for six Weeks Prays over the Grave The D. of Holstein's Embas Travels Lutherans The Lutheran Women Mourn in White Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 169. Tartars When a Sick Person lies dangerously ill they send for a Moullah who comes with the Alcoran which he opens and shuts three times saying certain Prayers and laying it upon the Sick Person 's Face if the Sick Person recover 't is attributed to the Sanctity of the Alcoran and the Moullah is Presented with a Sheep or Goat If he die all his Kindred meet and carry him to the Grave with great Testimonies of Sadness crying continually Alla Alla. When he is Interr'd the Moullah mutters certain Prayers over the Grave and is paid for his Pains according to the Wealth of the Heirs For the Poor he generally spends three days and three nights in that Exercise for the Rich he as usually spends a Month never stirring all the while from the Grave and sometimes seven or Eight M. Tavernier l. 3. c. 13. Circassians and Comanians At their Funerals the near Relations or Friends of the Dead cut their Faces and some other parts of their Bodies with sharp Flints others Prostrate themselves upon the Ground and tear their Hair so that when they return from the Burial they are all of a gore Blood However notwithstanding all this Affliction they never Pray for the Dead Idem l. 3. c. 12. Gaurs When the Gaurs are Sick they send for their Priests to whom they make a kind of Confession whereupon the Priests enjoyn them to give Alms and other good Works to gain Pardon of their Sins They neither Burn nor Bury but carry the Corps without the City to a Wall'd place where are abundance of Stakes about 7 or 8 foot high fixt in the Ground and tie the Dead Corps to one of the Stakes with his Face towards the East The People falling to their Prayers till the Crows come which those Coemeteries draw to them If the Crow fasten on the right Eye they believe the Person to be happy and for joy give large Alms and make a Feast in the Field but if upon the left Eye they return home sad without speaking to one another give no Alms nor Eat nor Drink Idem l. 4. c. 8. When a Man is just breathing his last they put the Mouth of a Dog to the Mouth of the Person Dying and cause him to Bark twice in that posture that the Soul of the Deceased may enter into the Dog who they say will deliver it into the hands of the Angel appointed to receive it When any Dog dies they carry him out of the City and Pray to God for the Carrior Idem Armenians When an Armenian Dies the Mordichou one whose Office it is to wash the Dead fetches from Church a Pot of Holy-water puts in into a great Vessel of Water in which he puts the Corps and washes it then they dress it with a new white shirt breeches wastcoat bonnet put it in a linnen Sack carry it to Church with every one a Taper in their hand there the Priest saith certain prayers sets up lighted Tapers round the Corps and so leaves it all night Next morning the Bishop or Priest saith Mass and then carry the body before the door of the Bishop's house where the Bishop comes forth and saith a prayer for the soul of the deceased then 8 or 10 of the poorer sort carry the body to the Church-yard the Priests Singing Dirges all the way till the body is let down into the grave the Bishop throwing 3 handfuls of Earth into the grave saying from Earth thou camest to Earth thou shalt return and stay there till our Lord comes Their feasts afterwards for Priests and poor are chargeable for 7 days together believing no soul departed can be saved without it Tavernier l. 4. c. 13. If a slave dies the Master writes a note let him not grieve I make him free In Mexico The Pagans buried their dead in gardens or on mountains sometimes they burn'd the body and if he was a great man they killed his chaplain and his officers to attend him and buryed his wealth with him that he might not want in the other world Ross The Priest used to attire himself at these funerals like a Devil with many mouths and glass-eyes and with his staff stir'd and mingled the ashes When the King died the Priests were to Sing his Elogies and to sacrifice 200 persons to serve him Idem Armenians When we were at Breakfast news came that a certain Bishop was dead in his return from the three Churches whither he was sent by the Patriarch to gather certain duties due from the Villages Immediately the Arch-Bishop rising from Table with all his Assistants and having made a prayer for the dead sent a Bishop and six Monks to fetch the Corps who returning a little after midnight the body was presently laid in the Church upon a Carpet spread upon the ground with the face turn'd toward the Altar In the mean time a great number of Wax-Tapers were lighted and all the rest of the night two Monks watch'd by turns to pray for the dead The next morning early the Arch-Bishop the Bishops and all in Religious orders said the Office for the dead which lasted half an hour and at the end of the Mass they brought the Corps to the Altar so that they made the feet of the Corps to touch it Then they took off the linnen cloth that cover'd his head at which time the Arch-Bishop anointed him in six places with holy oyl saying certain prayers every time Then they cover'd him again and said other prayers which lasted half an hour Then they carryed the Corps out of Church with Grosses and Banners and every one a Taper in his hand As the Corps pass'd by one of the Bishops put a paper in his right hand containing these words I came from the Father and I return to the Father Being brought to the grave upon a little mountain near the Covent and set down they said other prayers which lasted a quarter of an hour In the mean time a Bishop going down into the grave took away all the stones and made the place smooth after which the Corps was let down wrapt in a large linnen sheet Then the Bishop according to the Custom raised his head a little higher than his feet turning his face to the East Which done the Arch-Bishop and Assistants took every one a handful of Earth which the Arch-Bishop bless'd and gave it to the Bishop who strewd it over the body Then the Bishop coming out again the grave was filled up M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Nestorians Armenians and Jacobites At Bagdat if a Christian dies all the rest
washed and anointed 2. 'T is carried to Church the Bearers by the way resting three times to signifie Christ's resting in the Grave 3. Holy Water and Frankincense is put into the Grave to keep out evil Spirits c. 4. He is buried with green Bays to shew the Immortality of the Soul 5. With the Face upward and his Feet toward the East to shew his Expectation of Heaven and his readiness to meet Christ in the Resurrection from the East Note 1. Every Christian buried out of the Church or Church-yard hath a Cross set at his Head to shew that he was a Christian 2. Clergy-Men in Orders are buried in the habit of their Orders 3. All are wrapt in Linnen because Christ was so 4. Some also in Sack-cloth to shew their Repentance 5. Antiently the names of Holy Men were registred in Scrolls or folding Tables called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dypticks which words the Latin Church retained Dr. Holyday on Juven p. 173. saith The Dypticha were two Tables containing the names of especial Persons some alive and some dead some Vertuous some Vicious Read in time of Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians for the determent of bad c. and the Bishops kept them and publickly read them in time of Divine Service to shew that the Just shall be had in everlasting remembrance 6. Prayers for the Dead are only for such as are in Purgatory i. e. who died in Venial Sins unrepented of 7. There is neither Gloria in excelsis nor Hallelujahs used in the Office for the Dead Mr. Rosse out of Aleninus c. Roman The Roman Catacombs are without the Walls of the Town according to the Law of the twelve Tables yet they seem to run under it viz. vast Caves in the Rocks made use of as Repositories of dead Bodies where they were thrown and there putrified putuerunt thence called Puticoli where the meanest sort of the Ronan Slaves were laid Dr. Burnet's Letters who discourses upon them at large Guinea In Guinea they bury Gods of Straw with their Dead that they may accompany them in the other World Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Mexico The Priests in Mexico interr'd the Dead the places where they buried them were their Gardens and Courts of their own Houses others carried them to the places of their Sacrifices in the Mountains others burnt them and after buried the Ashes in the Temples They sung the Funeral Offices like Responds often lifting up the dead Body with many Ceremonies at these Mortuaries they did eat and drink and if it were a Person of Quality they gave Apparel to such as came the Friends saluted the Person as if he were living for a King or Lord they put some Slaves Cook Butler c. to death with him to serve him in the other World they give him Ornaments also the Obsequies continued ten days c. Purchas out of Acosta Guiana In some parts of Guiana when the Flesh of the Dead is worn off by Putrefaction they hang up the Soâ—leton in the Chamber or House where the Party died decking the Scull with Feathers of divers Colours and hanging Jewels and Plates of Gold about the Arm and Thigh-Bones S. Clark A Table of Heresies and Errors or at least different Opinions from what is asserted in the Column of Orthodoxy Orthodoxy Heresies and Errors THere is One God ATheist Diagoras Theodorus c. There is no God Julius Caesar Vanin suffered as an Atheist  Polytheists Pagan There are many Gods  Gnosticks Two Gods  Marcionites Two Gods one maker of the World bad the other good  Manichees Two Gods One good 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other bad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Valentinus Thirty Gods or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided into several Syzygiae  Basilides One Chief Power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without Body Parts Passions Anthropomorphites With a body ' parts and passions as a man  Meletonii With a body c.  Mahometans Of a Corporeal Essence with a Soul  Hobbes God is Almighty matter Who created the World viz. Heaven and Earth of nothing and all things therein Aristotle The World was Eternal  Hermians Seleucians Matter was co-eternal with God So the Muggletonians say of Earth and Water  Carpocrates Cerinthus Simon Magus Saturninus Menander Archontici God did not make the World but Angels in number 7 the Off-spring of Abraxas without leave from God  Basilides Those 7 Angels made 365 Heavens  Marcionites The World was too base a thing for God to create  Manichees The substance of the good God was distributed by crumbs among the creatures  Luciferiani Priscillianists The Devil made the world for it lieth in wickedness  Familists God by them made the world  Epicurus The world was made by a Fortuitous concourse of Atoms  Hobbes Whether God created all things else is to be decided by the civil power And formed Man of Earth with a Reasonable Soul Manichees Priscillianists The Devil made man his body only I suppose they mean  Patriciani The Devil made our flesh which may be put off by violent Death  Paterniani The Devil made the lower parts of man which may be used to sin  Priscillianists The soul was made of the same substance with God  Luciferiani The soul was raised out of the flesh  Jews in Barbary All souls wore created together and put in a certain Region c.  Hobbes Irenaeus That man at his first creation was imperfect Rules all things by his Providence Epicureans The world is too base for God to look after  Aristotle Certain Angels are intrusted with the Government  Cyprian God hath committed the Government of the world to certain Coelestial Powers  Stoicks Manichees All things are Ruled by Fate and Fortune  Bardesanes All things are Ruled by Fate  Jews in Barbary Every man hath Two Angels one good and another bad attending him  Colarbas The Generation and Life of man is in the 7 Planets  Familists All things are Ruled by Nature not ordered by God In the Godhead are 3 Persons Marcellians Luciani The Trinity is an Extension of the Deity  Hobbes Is but a threefold Representation of God  Noetians Praxeneans Hermogeneans There are 3 in the Godhead but not 3 Persons  Sabellians 3 in Name only  Gnosticks Marcionitos Valentinians More Gods yet not 3 Persons  Syreni Tritheites Eunomeans 3 Gods or Spirits or Principles not distinguished only but divided also  Macedonians Franciscans 2 Gods Father and Son Old and New  Seleucians 1 Person  Armenians Anastasius Emp. Apollinarians A Quaternity  Servetus There is no distinction of Persons in God  Jews Turks Montanists Deny the Trinity so likewise the Muggletonians  Blandrat Alciat Christians in worshipping 3 Persons worship 3 Devils  Lord Herbert denied Jesus Christ to be a Person in the Godhead  Alogiani Samosateni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John