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A26656 Medulla historiæ Scoticæ being a comprehensive history of the lives and reigns of the kings of Scotland, from Fergus the First, to Our Gracious Sovereign Charles the Second : containing the most remarkable transactions, and observable passages, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, with other observations proper for a chronicle, faithfully collected out of authors ancient and modern : to which is added, a brief account of the present state of Scotland, the names of the nobility, and principal ministers of church and state, the laws criminal : a description of that engine with which malefactors are tortured, called the boot. Alexander, William, fl. 1685-1704. 1685 (1685) Wing A917; ESTC R21197 93,143 254

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fresh supplies where there was need of them so over powered the Kings Forces that they were forced at last to give ground after twice Rallying to retreat to the City His Majesty seeing that all was lost was forced to Retreat to the City by the same Gate he came out at having left the Duke of Hamilton Sir John Douglass Sir Alexander Forbes with many other Valiant Gentlemen behind him His Majesty was exceedingly troubled for the loss of Duke Hamilton for that he did see him behave himself so Valiantly and Fighting so desperately even when he was incompassed with the Enemies Horse and Foot It being impossible for His Majesty to keep the City long the whole Nation almost being in Armes against him he resolves to retire Accordingly with some few Attendants he marched out at twelve a Clock at Night and thinking their Number might discover them ordered every Man to shift for himself Only with three or four in his Company he came to a place called Boscobel where he disrobed himself and for want of Scissers had his Hair cut off with a Knife and so with the company of one Careless who brought him Provision he betook himself to a Wood where he lodged in that Famous Royal-Oak The Soldiers hunting about for him and a Thousand Pounds promised to any that would take Him either Dead or Alive Soon after His Majesty rode from Bently to Bristol before Mistress Lane she having a Pass for her self and her Servants whence He returned and absconded a while in Sommersetshire Wiltshire and Hampshire and at last came to Briggemstone in Sussex where He took Shipping about the end of October 1651. and was Safely wafted over to a Creek in Normandie whence he went to Diep and there provided himself of such Necessaries as served him until He came to his Mother who was at the French Court. Cromwel hearing of Iretons Success in Ireland and of Lieutenant General Monks Success in Scotland makes a Motion That for the Security of the Common-Wealth as it was then called the Parliament should be turned out as a parcel of Drunkards Whore-Masters and Oppressors which was accordingly done and then a new Convention is called July 1653. where the Government is put upon Oliver's Shoulders by an Instrument delivered to him by their Speaker Mr. Rouse In this Year and the next were Five Bloody Engagements at Sea between the English and the Dutch the English for the most part having the Victory In the Year 1656. Cromwel calls another Parliament which he had so far secured for his Interest that they invite him to take the Imperial Crown of this Realm which he as a cunning Fox knowing that this step of his Advancement would hasten his Ruine with pretented modesty declined contenting himself with being Lord-Protector which he was made three Years before Then they Petitioned him to accept of Three-Hundred Thousand Pounds a Year for his Support to have a New House of Lords to name his own Successor All which with much ado he accepted of But when Fortune had set him so High that all the World that heard of it were Astonished Behold in the midst of his Triumph he is snatched away by Death upon September the Third 1658. He lay in State at White-Hall about six Weeks and then was in great Splendor Interred in Westminster Abby among the Princes of the Royal Blood His Son Richard was presently Installed in his Place wherein he had hardly time to look about when Fleetwood and Lambert with the rest of the Army thrust him out calling the Long-Parliament again this Revolution was followed by another for soon after several Gentlemen in Cheshire under the conduct of Sir George Booth rose for the Defence of their Priviledges but were defeated by Lambert he immediately after turned out the Long-Parliament and erected a Committee of Safety His Majesties Friends looked on with some Hope all this while seeing all these Metamorphosing of Government might tend to the opening a Door for His Majesties entring General Monk hearing in Scotland how matters went in England drew his Army towards the Borders Against him Lambert marched as far as New-Castle resolving to Fight him but his men had no heart to the Work which forced him to give way In the mean time the remainder of the Long-Parliament had again Convened with some difficulty and Dissolved the Committee of Safety inviting General Monk to march with his Army to London which he accordingly did and to requite their kindness gets them Dissolved In the Year 1660. Another Parliament was called at Westminster where by unanimous Consent His Majesty was invited Home and accordingly the Twenty-ninth of May following His Majesty accompanied with the Dukes of York and Glocester and attended with a Gallant Train of Lords and Gentlemen Arrived at Dover whence He was conducted through London in great State to White-Hall where by a Lineal Legal Succession He possesses the Imperial Crown of Scotland for almost Two Thousand Years So that for Royal Extraction and Long Line of Just Descent His Majesty may Reckon with any Monarch in the Christian World AN APPENDIX To the Present STATE of SCOTLAND SECT I. Of its Climate Dimension Division Air Soil Commodities SCotland is one of the Two Kingdomes that divides the great Island of Brittain being bounded on the East by the German Ocean on the North by the Dewcalledon Sea on the West by the Irish Sea And divides it self from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills Clim Edinburgh is Scituated between the Degrees of Latitude 56 d. 2 minutes of Longitude 3 d. 0 min. from London West Longest Day 17 hours 27 min. Aberdeen 57 d. 10. min. of Latitude 2. d. 20. min. Longitude the most Northernly parts of Scotland is Dunsby-head whose Latitude is 58 d. 5 min. Dimensions It s Length is about 480. Miles its breadth is very disproportionable there being no place in it that is above 70. Miles distant from the Sea Division The Country is divided according to its Inhabitants into Highland and Low-land The Highlanders live in the North and West Parts or in some out Islands being a bold and hardy People much given to Warlike Exercises being alwayes in readiness when ever Commanded by their Cheif Their Weapons were commonly Bows and Arrows but not so much used now as formerly they are a People that can endure as much hardships of War as any People in the World The Lowlanders bordering upon the East and South are as civil as any other People their Language much like the English differing only in the Accent Air. The Air is very wholsome the cold in Winter towards the North is very sharp but there being great plenty of Firing the Inhabitants do not suffer by it The heat is less scorching in Summer than in some other parts of the Continent The Soil is pleasant and healthful abounding with Springs and Rivers towards the North it is Mountainous yet not wanting fruitful Valleys apt to
purpose for soon after she signed a Warrant for a Mandate fitted for the Great Seal for her Execution which was performed upon Wednesday the 8th of February 1586. Queen Elizabeth immediately after Writes a Letter full of Apologies and fair promises to King James yet notwithstanding in great discontent he calls home his Ambassadours from the Court of England The States of Scotland urge him to a revenge The King of Spain also and the Pope promise him great assistance if he would undertake it but he thought fit to delay for a time which made England the more suspitious of his Designs Wherefore an Ambassadour was sent to him earnestly desiring him to take off his adherence from Forreign Friendship assuring him that his Mothers fate would be no prejudice to his right of Succession which was a powerful Argument with him The next Year the Kings Marriage with the King of Denmarks Daughter was agreed upon In the mean time the Popish Lords such as Huntly Cranford and A●rol make a Rebellion in the North to suppress which the King himself went in Person at his coming the Rebels disperse the Headers of them submitted to the Kings Mercy and are commited close Prisoners and not long after Tryed and found Guilty but the Sentence was delayed to an indefinite time which at last turned to a Pardon The King hearing that his Marriage was consumated at Denmark by Proxie and the Queen at Sea was soon after surprised with the News that her Navy was beat into Norway by a Storm He presently resolves to go thither and meet Her which he does very privately leaving the Government of the Kingdom to his Council Within five dayes he arrives at Norway where he was solemnly Marryed the next Sunday From thence he went with his Queen to Visit the Queen Mother of Denmark where they staid till April following Then having sent for Shipping to return they Landed at Leith the 20 th day of May Anno Dom. 1590. and a little after the Queen was solemnly Crowned at Holy-Rood-House Though the King made severe Laws against Feuds yet were they not quite suppressed for by reason of a quarrel between the Earles of Huntly and Murray the North broke very loose as did the Kers also in the South but they were soon suppressed till Bothwel afterward being Imprisoned for consulting with Witches to take away the Kings Life and having escaped made an attempt upon the Kings Lodgings and was repulsed being suspected to have been with Murray the Earl of Huntly procures a Warrant to take him and coming to Dunnibirsle where Murray was firing the House Murray attempting to make his Escape was Barbarously Murdered Bothwel having so often been disappointed of his designes at last having got some of the Lords on his side he came in by the Postern-gate under disguise of attending my Lady Athole with another of his Companions armed to the very Bed-Chamber where he forced the King to grant him a Pardon which was the next day repealed in Council and Bothwel and his Associates forced to fly Anno Dom. 1593. The Queen was delivered of her first Born in Sterli●g where he was Christned in the Chappel Roval by the Name of Henry Frederick Two Years after Princess Elizabeth was born at Edenburgh The King resolving to bring the Church of Scotland to a Conformity in Government and Ceremonies did occasion much confusion for the Ministers strong opposed having also a great part of the Nobility on their side The Popish Lords and others unable to stand out any longer submitted to the Censure of the Church The next Year a Parliament is called wherein the King will have some of the Ministers sit as representing the Church being Church Affairs as well as Affairs of State are handled there Anno Dom. 1599. John Earl of Goury and his Brother Alexander attempt to kill the King at Perth but both of them dyed in the attempt and had all their Lands seized for the Kings use In commemoration of which the 5th of August is annually celebrated The 26 th of February 1600. Prince Charles was born at Domfermling which afterward was King of Great Britain c. The Jesuits having no hope of Toleration in Scotland all their Politicks having failed them they went the old way to work One Moubray at the Court of Spai● undertook to kill King James but as he was upon his way to London he was discovered by an Italian who accused him of his intended Murther whereupon they were both taken and sent to Scotland Moubray was committed to the Castle where having found a way to break the Iron Grates of the Prison window thought to have let himself down by a Rope which proving too short he fell from the precipice and dashed out his braines upon a Rock Queen Elizabeths health beginning to decay by reason of her age and the great troubles she had undergone removes from London to Richmond where she daily became weaker and weaker The Lord Admiral Lord Keeper and Secretary Cecil came from the Council to know her pleasure concerning her Successor She answered My Throne is for a King none oth●● shall Succeed me Cecil asked her What King She said What other King than my Kinsman the King of Scots Then after some time not stirring she leasurely turned her head about and dyed the Seventyeth year of her Age the 24th of March 1602. Her eyes being shut the same day the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Assembled proclaimed her death and declared King James her Successor Presently Posting Letters to him acquainting him with the Queens Death and being a Body without a Head humbly desiring his Majesty to hasten to them how soon and in what manner he pleaseth The King having communicated these Letters to his Privy-Council returns them his acknowledgment of their dutifull Affection The King sets out for England ordering the Queen to follow Twenty days after the Princes Henry Charles and Princess Elizabeth at further Pleasure He was most magnificently Entertained all the way having a Gallant train of Scottish Noblemen and other Gentlemen to convey him to Berwick where he was most magnificently received by the English and accompanied with Shouts and Acclamations of Joy by all ranks in his Journey through England till he came to London His first Reception was in the Charter-House where he stayed four days having confered the Honour of Knighthood upon 80 Gentlemen On St. Jameses's day the King and Queen were Crowned at Westminster in the Fatal Marble Chair Secretary Elphingston was within a few years after accused by the King for Writing Letters to the Pope in his Name which he confessed and was thereupon committed but soon after pardoned The King was not allowed to enjoy the pleasure of his new Title with Peace for soon after followed the Treason of the Lord Cobham and Gray with Sir Walter Rawley and others for which some of the number being condemned to dye and brought to the very Block obtained a Pardon His Majesty took
befooled by perfidious men which brought a great reproach upon Them and their Posterity Though it be false that they Sold him yet it is a sad truth that His Majesty told them that the English would no longer stand to their Agreement than they thought it for their Interest His Majesty being now in the English's hands they at first carried themselves somewhat respectfully to him but they began soon after to appear like themselves having purged the House of Commons of all such as they thought would oppose them they began to keep His Majesty almost a close prisoner in the Isle of Wight The Scots hearing how the King was thus contrary to the promise and engagement abused by the English sent their Commissioners to London to put the Parliament in mind of the agreement at New-Castle but before they came the Game was altered the Parliament being purged by the Army the barbarous Juncto prove unexorable wherefore the Commissioners return home and acquainted the Nobility how matters stood Whereupon an Army is presently listed under the Duke of Hamilton with which he marches to England but is unfortunately overthrown at Preston most of the Souldiers being killed and himself taken prisoner and brought up to London where not long after he together with the Earl of Holland and Lord Capel were Executed on Tower-hill Within a few days his Majesty is brought from the Isle of Wight to Windsor during his abode there the Officers of the Army and the Members they left in the House proceeded to that height of Insolence as to bring the King to a Tryal Which when it was Voted and passed in the pretended House of Commons they proceeded to make an Act for the Tryal of his Sacred Majesty which they intituled An Act of the Commons of England assembled in Parliament for Erecting of an High Court of Justice for Trying and Judging Charles Stewart King of England This Terrible form of proceeding against his Majesty struck great terrour to the hearts of all sober and good men yea the Presbyterian Ministers who before were against him now declare themselves both in their Pulpits and by earnest Petitions to the Parliament to be zealous abhorrers of the Kings Death and every where make publick Protestations against the Tryal yet nevertheless the Juncto goes on And upon Fryday January the 19 th 1648. his Majesty was brought by a strong Guard of Horse from Windsor to St. James's and from thence to Westminster where he was Tryed and found Guilty contrary to the Laws of God and Man And upon January the 30 th about two a Clock in the Afternoon he submitted his Royal Neck to the Fatal stroak upon a Scaffold Erected between White-Hall Gate and the Gate leading to the Gallery to St. Jameses The 24 th year of his Reign he was Interr'd in St. Georges Chappel at Windsor His sacred Majesty that now Reigns being at this time in France with the Queen Mother is by Unanimous consent of all his Subjects in Scotland proclaimed at Edenburg Charles the Second by the Grace of God King of Scotland England France and Ireland c. and presently after they sent their Commissioners to treat with His Majesty who was then in the Isle of Jerzey After much debating on both sides at last Breda in Holland is agreed upon as a fit place for a solemn Treaty Here the Commissioners from the Church and State met the King and delivered the Propositions During the Treaty the above-mentioned Marquess of Montross was seized in Scotland and Executed which troubled his Majesty so much that it went nigh to break the Treaty but at length through the urgency of Affairs it was concluded And being brought to Edenburgh it was agreed that another Message should be sent to invite the King over to take Possession of the Crown which was his own by an unquestionable Title but the English Parliament replyed If they could hinder it it should not be so Wherefore they prepare an Army to invade Scotland under the command of their General Oliver Cromwell However the Scots no wise daunted at the Storms threatned from England resolved to adhere to his Majesty though upon their own terms The King arriving at the mouth of Spey in the North several Lords were sent to accompany him to Edenburgh but in the mean time Cromwell was advanced as far as Haddington against him Sir David L●sly sent Sir John Brown with a Party of Horse which continued skirmishing for some while but produced no great Effect The next Rencounter was at Dumbar where the Scots had a Bloody Overthrow from Cromwel which did exceedingly strengthen his Interest in Scotland The first work that the Scots went about after this disaster was the Coronation of the King which was done at Scone with as great Solemnity as the state of Affairs could allow The Ceremony being over His Majesty removed to Sterling resolving to debate his right to Cromwell where people of all ranks flocked to him insomuch as in a short time he had an Army of 22000 Men but they dividing amongst themselves gave Cromwel opportunity to pass over forthwith defeating a part of the Kings Army at Innerkething possest himself of the whole Country His Majesty seeing after the defeat that Cromwel was like to Conquer all Scotland makes choyce of his most faithful Friends to venture with him into England where he might with more safety and advantage hazard three Kingdoms than in a Field wherefore with 16000 men he privately marched to England by the way of Carlyle and without any considerable opposition came to Lancashire where at Warrington Bridge some considerable Forces of the Parliament were ready to cut down the Bridg but the Scots were with them so suddenly that they prevented the breaking down of the Bridg forced their way over the Planks Hence his Majesty marched to Worcester in very good order Cromwel hearing of his motions sends Lamb●rt with a select Party of Horse after him the Parliament also raised numerous Forces in most Countryes in England all which marched to Worcester against the King In the mean time Lambert gained a most Advantagious Pass at Hop●on by a desperate attempt having caused some of his Troopers to swim the River on Horseback carrying their Houlsters and Pistols in their hands to save them from wet whereby they put Major General Massey and his men to the retreat So that the Parliamentarians had a fair opportunity to make a Bridge over the River over which Cromwel passed and joyned the rest of the Army which put the King upon a necessity of Fighting the City being attacked on all sides Whereupon his Majesty marched out of the City with horse and foot against them Where followed a most desperate engagement insomuch that his Majesties Horse was twice shot under him every man resolving to dye in the Bed of Honour rather than to have their Prince and Country thus trod upon by the base Usurpers But the Enemy still advancing with