on the Meridian till the graduated edge cut the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in Then I examine on the Meridian what degree the upper end of the Quadrant of Altitude touches which in this example I find is 38½ degrees Therefore I substract 38½ from 51½ Londons Latitude and there remains 13. Then counting on the Meridian 13. degrees backwards from the Place where the Quadrant of Altitude touched the Meridian I come to 25½ on the Meridian Northwards Therefore I say In the North Latitude of 25½ degrees and in the Longitude of London which is in Africa in the Kingdom of Numidia the Sun May 10. at 53. minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning hath the same Altitude above the Horizon it hath here at London The Quadrant of Altitude thus applyed to the East point of the Horizon makes right angles with all points on the Meridian even as all the Meridians proceeding from the Pole do with the Equator therefore the Quadrant being applyed both to the East point and the Suns Place projects a line to intersect the Meridian Perpendicularly in equal degrees from which intersection the Sun hath at the same time equal Heighth be the degrees few or many for those 5. degrees to the Northwards of this intersection have the Sun in the same heighth that they 5 degrees to the Southwards have it and those 10 20 30. degrees more or less to the Northwards have the Sun in the same heighth that they have that are 10 20. 30. degrees more or less to the Southwards So that this Prob. may be performed another way more easily with your Compasses Thus Having first rectified the Globe and Hour Index Turn about the Globe till the Hour Index point to the Hour of the Day Then pitch one foot of your Compasses in the Suns Place and extend the other to the degree of Latitude on the Meridian which in this example is 51½ degrees North then keeping the first foot of your Compasses on the degree of the Sun turn about the other foot to the Meridian and it will fall upon 25½ as before Blaew commenting upon this Probleme takes notice how grosly they ere that think they can find the heighth of the Pole at any Hour of the Day by the Suns height because they do not consider that it is impossible to find the Hour of the Day unless they first know the height of the Pole PROB. XLVIII To find the length of the Longest and Shortest Artificial Day or Night THe Artificial Day is that space of Time which the Sun is above the Horizon of any Place and the Artificial Night is that space of Time which the Sun is under the Horizon of any Place They are measured in the Hour Circle by Hours and Minutes There is a constant unequallity of proportion in the Length of these Daies and Nights which is caused both by the alteration of the Suns Declination and the difference of the Poles Elevation Those that inhabite on the North side the Equator have their longest Day when the Sun enters ♋ and those that inhabite on the South side the Equator have their longest Day when the Sun enters ♑ But to know how long the longest Day is in any North or South Elevation Raise the North or South Pole according to the Elevation of the Place and bring ♋ for North Elevation or ♑ for South Elevation to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12. Then turn the Globe about till ♋ for North Elevation or ♑ for South Elevation come to the West side the Horizon and the number of Hours and minutes pointed at on the Hour Circle doubled is the number of Hours and minutes of the Longest Day The length of the Night to that Day is found by substracting the length of the day from 24. for the remainder is the length of the Night The shortest Day in that Latitude is the length of the shortest Night found as before And the longest Night is of the same length with the longest Day Example I would know the length of the longest Day at London Therefore I Elevate the North Pole 51½ degrees and bring ♋ to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12. Then I turn ♋ to the Western side the Horizon and find the Index point at 8. hours 18. minutes which being doubled makes 16. hours 36. minutes for the length of the longest Day here at London PROB. XLIX To find how much the Pole is Raised or Depressed where the longest Day is an Hour longer or shorter then it is in your Habitation REctifie the Globe to the Latitude of your Place and make a prick at that point of the Tropick which is at the Meridian I mean at the Tropick of ♋ if your Habitation be on the North side the Equator or ♑ if your Habitation be on the South side the Equator And if you would know where the longest Day is just an hour longer then it is at your Habitation turn the Globe to the Westward till 7½ degrees of the Equato◠pass through the Meridian and make there another prick on the Tropick Then turn about the Globe till the first prick come to the Horizon and move the Meridian through the notches of the Horizon till the second prick on the Tropick come to the Horizon so shall the arch of the Meridian contained between the Elevation of your Place and the Degree of the Meridian at the Horizon be the number of Degrees that the Pole is Elevated higher then it is in your Latitude Example I would know in what Latitude the longest Day is an Hour longer then it is at London Therefore I Rectifie the Globe to 51½ deg and where the Meridian cuts the Tropick of ♋ I make a prick then I note what degree of the Equator is at the Meridian and from that degree on the Equator count 7½ degrees to the Eastwards and bring those 7½ degrees to the Meridian also and again where the Meridian cuts the Tropick of ♋ I make another prick so shall 7½ degrees of the Tropick be contained between those 〈◊〉 pricks Then I turn the Globe about till the first prick comes to the Horizon and with a Quill thrust between the Meridian and the Ball I fasten the Globe in this position Afterwards I move the Meridian through the 〈◊〉 of the Horizon till the second prick rises up to the Horizon and then I find 56½ degrees of the Meridian cut by the Superficies of the Horizon Therefore I say In the Latitude of 56½ degrees the longest Day is an Hour longer then it is here at London But if you would know in what Latitude the Dayes are an Hour shorter you must make your second prick 7½ degrees to the Westwards of the first and after you have brought the first prick to the Horizon you must depress the Pole till the second prick descends to the Horizon so shall the degree of the Meridian at the Horizon shew in
what Elevation of the Pole the Daies shall be an Hour shorter By this Probleme may be found the Alteration of Climates for as was said in the Definition of Climates Book 1. fol. 28. Climates alter according to the half-hourly increasing of the Longest Day therefore the Latitude of 56½ degrees having its Daies increased an whole Hour is distant from the Latitude of London by the space of two Climates PROB. L. The Suns Place given to find what alteration of Declination be must have to make the Day an Hour longer or shorter And in what number of Daâ—es it will be REctifie the Globe to the Latitude of the Place and bâ—ing the Suns place to the East side the Horizon and note against what degree of the Horizon it is then bring one of the Colures to intersect the Horizon in that degree of the Horizon and at the point of Intersection make a prick in the Colure and observe what degree of the Equator is then at the Meridian Then turn the Globe Westward if the Daies shorten but Eastwards if they lengthen till 7½ degrees of the Equator pass through the Meridian and where the Horizon intersects the same Colure make another prick in the Colure Afterwards bring the Colure to the Meridian and count the number of degrees between the two pricks for so many degrees must the Suns Declination alter to lengthen or shorten the Day an Hour Example The Suns Place is ♉ 10. I would know how much he must alter his Declination before the Day is an Hour longer here at London Therefore I rectifie the Globe to the Latitude of London and bring ♉ 10. to the East side the Horizon and find it against 24½ degrees from the East point therefore I bring one of the Colures to this 24½ degrees and close by the edge of the Horizon I make a prick with black lead in the Colure then keeping the Globe in this position I look what degree of the Equator is then at the Meridian and find 250¼ and because the Daies lengthen I turn the Globe Eastwards till 7½ degrees from the foresaid 250¼ pass through the Meridian then keeping the Globe in this position I make another prick in the Colure and bringing this Colure to the Meridian I find a little more then 5 degrees of the Meridian contained between the two pricks therefore I say when the Sun is in ♉ 10. degrees he must alter his Declination a little more then 5 degrees to make the Day an Hour longer Now to know in what number of Daies he shall alter this Declination you must find the Declination of the two pricks on the Colure as you found the Suns Declination by Prob. 5. and the Arch of the Ecliptick that passes through the Meridian while the Globe is turned from the first pricks Declination to the second pricks Declination is the number of Ecliptical degrees that the Sun is to pass while he alters this Declination and the degree of the Ecliptick then at the Meridian is with respect had to the Quarter of the Year the place the Sun shall have when its Declination shall be altered so much as to make the Day an Hour longer Thushaving the Suns first place given and its second place found you may by finding those two places on the Plain of the Horizon also find the number of Daies comprehended between them as you are taught by the fourth Probleme This Probleme thus wrought for different Times of the Year will shew the falacy of that Vulgar Rule which makes the Day to be lengthned or shortned an Hour in every Fifteen Daies when as the lengthning or shortning of Daies keeps no such equality of proportion for when the Sun is neer the Equinoctial points the Daies lengthen or shorten very fast but when he is neer the Tropical points very slowly PROB. LI. Of the Difference of Civil and Natural Daies commonly called the Equation of Civil Daies And how it may be found by the Globe THe Civil Day is that space of Time containing just 24. Hours reckoned from 12 a clock on one Day to 12 a clock the next Day in which space of Time the Equinoctial makes upon the Poles of the World a Diurnal Revolution The Natural Day is that space of Time wherein the Sun moveth from the Meridian of any Place to the same Meridian again These Daies are at one time of the Year longer then at another and at all Times longer then the Civil Daies There is but smal discrepancy between them yet some there is made by a two-fold Cause For first The Suns Apparent motion is different from his true motion He being much slower in his Apogeum then he is in his Perigeum For when the Sun is in his Apogeum he scarce moves 58 minutes from West to East in a Civil Day but when he is in his Perigeum he moves above 61 minutes in a Civil Day and therefore increases his Right Ascension more in equal Time The second Cause is the difference of Right Ascensions answerable to equal parts of the Ecliptick for about ♋ and ♑ the differences of Right Ascensions are far greater then about ♈ and ♎ for about ♈ and ♎ the Right Ascension of 10. degrees is but 9. degrees 11. minutes but about ♋ and ♑ the Right Ascension of 10 degrees will be found to be 10. degrees 53. minutes as by the Globe will appear But because of the smalness of the Globes graduation you cannot actually distinguish to parts neer enough for the solution of this Probleme if you should enquire the difference in length of two single Daies it will be requisite to take some number of Daies together Suppose 20. Therefore find by Prob. 3. the Places of the Sun for the beginning and ending of those Daies you would compare and find the Right Ascensions answerable to each place in the Ecliptick and also the differences of Right Ascensions answerable to the Suns motion in each number of Daies Then compare the differences of Right Ascensions together and by substracting the lesser from the greater you will have the number of degrees and minutes of the Equator that have passed through the Meridian more in one number of Daies then in the other number of Daies which degrees of the Equator converted into Time is the number of minutes that the one number of Daies is longer then the other number of Daies Example I would know what difference of Time there is in the length of the first 20. Daies of December and the first 20 Daies of March I find by Prob. 3. the Suns place December 1 is 〈◊〉 19. 45. at the end of 20 Daies viz. on the 21 Day his place is 〈◊〉 10. 11. The Suns place March 1. is ♓ 21. 16. at the 20. Daies end viz. March 21 his place is ♈ 11. 3. I find by Prob. 26. the Right Ascension answerable to â™ 19. 45 is 258. 10. ♑ 10. 11 280. 25. ♓ 21. 16 352. 00. ♈ 11. 3 9. 40. and
the Meridian cut the degree of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the tenth House The Western Semi-Circle of the Horizon shall cut the degree of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the Seventh House and the Semi-Circle of the Meridian under the Horizon shall cut the degree of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the fourth House If you have the day of the Moneth you may by Prob. 3. of the second Book find the Suns Place and if you have the Hour of the Day you may by first rectifying the Globe as by Prob. 2. of the same Book turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour-Circle point to the same Hour in the Hour-Circle and you will then at the Eastern Semi-Circle of the Horizon have the degree of the Ecliptick that is Rising and by Consequence as aforesaid all the Cardinal points in their respective places Now to find what degree of the Ecliptick occupies the Cusps of the other eight Houses of Heaven Do thus The Globe rectified as aforesaid Move the Semi-Circle of Position upwards till 30 degrees of the Equator shall be contained between it and the Eastern Semi-Circle of the Horizon so shall the Semi-Circle of Position cut in the Ecliptick the degree and minute of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the twelfth House and its opposite degree and minute in the Ecliptick shall be the Cusp of the sixth House for you must note that if you have but the degree and minute of the Ecliptick upon the Cusps of six of the Houses the opposite degrees and minutes of the Ecliptick shall immediately possess the Cusp of every opposite House Then move the Circle of Position over 30. degrees more of the Equinoctial so shall the degree of the Ecliptick cut by the Circle of Position be the degree of the Ecliptick upon the Cusp of the eleventh House and its opposite degree in the Ecliptick shall be upon the Cusp of the fifth House The degree of the Ecliptick upon the Cusp of the tenth and fourth Houses was found as before Then remove the Circle of Position to the Western side of the Meridian and let it fall towards the Horizon till 30. degrees of the Equator are contained between the Meridian and it so shall the degree of the Ecliptick cut by the Semi-Circle of Position be the degree of the Ecliptick on the Cuâ—p of the Ninth House and the opposite degree of the Ecliptick shall be upon the Cusp of the third House Let the Semi-Circle of Position fall yet lower till it pass over 30. degrees more of the Equator so shall the degree of the Ecliptick cut by the Semi-Circle of Position be the degree of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the eighth House and the opposite degree of the Ecliptick shall be upon the Cusp of the second House The degrees of the Ecliptick on the Cusp of the seventh House and Ascendent were found as before Example I would erect a Figure of Heaven for July 27. 5. hours oâ— minutes Afternoon 1658. in the Latitude of London viz. 51½ degrees North Latitude I first place the Planets ☊ and ☋ on the Globe as by Prob. 55. of the Second Book was directed yet not exactly as I find them in the Ephemeris for that shews only their place in the Ecliptick at Noon Therefore I consider how many degrees or minutes each Planets motion is in a whole Day or 24. Hours by substracting the Ecliptical degrees and minutes of the Planets place that Day at Noon from the Ecliptical degrees and minutes of the Planets place the next Day at Noon or contrarily if the Planet be Retrograde for the remains of those degrees and minutes is the motion of the Planet that Day Therefore proportionably to that motion I place the Planet forward in the Ecliptick or backward if it be Retrograde As if the Sun should move forward 1 degree that is 60 minutes in a whole Day or 24 Hours then in 12 hours he should move 30 minutes in 6 hours 15 minutes in 4 hours 10 minutes in 1 hour 2½ minutes and so proportionably for any other space of Time which I consider before I place the Planets on the Globe PROB. II. To Erect a Figure of Heaven according to Campanus REgiomontanus as aforesaid makes the beginning of every House to be the Semi Circle drawn by the side of the Semi Circle of Position according to the succession of every 30 th degree of the Equator from the Horizon But Camp 〈◊〉 make it to be the Semi-Circle drawn by the side of the Semi-Circle 〈◊〉 Position according to the succession of every 30 th degree of 〈◊〉 Prime Verticle or East Azimuth which is represented by the Quadrant of Altitude placed at the East point The four Cardinals are the same both according to Regiomontanus and Campanus but the other eight Houses differ Therefore when you would find them according to Campanus Rectifie the Globe and Quadrant of Altitude and bring the lower end 〈◊〉 the Quadrant of Altitude to the East point in the Horizon Then count from the Horizon upwards 30 degrees oâ— the Quadrant 〈◊〉 Altitude and bringing the Circle of Position to those 30 degreeâ— examine where the Circle of Position cuts the Ecliptick which 〈◊〉 the aforesaid time is in 〈◊〉 29. 40 for that degree and minute upon the Cusp of the twelfth House and its opposite degree 〈◊〉 minute in the Ecliptick viz. ♉ 29. 40. is upon the Cusp of 〈◊〉 sixth House Lift up the Circle of Position 30 degrees highâ— upon the Quadrant of Altitude viz. to 60 degrees and 〈◊〉 Circle of Position will cut the Ecliptick in 〈◊〉 15. degrees for the Cusp of the eleventh House and its opposite degree and minute in the Ecliptick viz. ♉ 15. is upon the Cusp of the first House The degree and minute of the Ecliptick on the Cusp 〈◊〉 the Tenth and Fourth Houses is at the Meridian Then transfering the Circle of Position to the West side of the Meridian and the Quadrant of Altitude to the West point in the Horizon Let the Semi-Circle of Position fall 30 degrees from the Meridian on the Quadrant of Altitude and it will cut in the Ecliptick ♎ 16 degrees for the Cusp of the ninth House and its opposite degree and minute in the Ecliptick viz. ♈ 16. is upon the Cusp of the third House Let fall the Circle of Position 30 degrees lower on the Quadrant of Altitude and it will cut the Ecliptick in 〈◊〉 2 degrees for the Cusp of the eight House and its opposite degree viz. ♓ 2. degrees is on the Cusp of the second House The Cusps of the Seventh and Ascendent is the same with Regiomontanus viz. 〈◊〉 27. 47 and â™ 27. 47. The Figure follows PROB. III. To find the length of a Planetary Hour AStrologers divide the Artificial day be it long or short into 12 equal parts and the Night into 12 equal parts These parts they call Planetary Hours The first of these Planetary Hours takes its
of Sun Rising found by the 7th Probleme it leaves 3. Hours 3. Minutes for the length of Twilight And if you double 1. Hour 8. Minutes the beginning of Twilight it makes 2. Hours 16. Minutes for the intermission of Time between Twilight in the Evening and Twilight in the Morning So that May 10. absolute Night is but 2. Hours 16. Minutes long here at London The reason why you bring the degree opposite to the Suns Place to the West is because the Quadrant containing but 90. degrees will reach no lower then the Horizon but this Probleme requires it to reach 18. degrees beneath it therefore by this help you have the Proposition Answered as well as if the Quadrant did actually reach 18. degrees below the Horizon This shift you may have occasion to make in some other Problemes If you would know when Twilight ends after Sun set you shall find it by bringing the degree of the Ecliptick opposite to the Place of the Sun to 18. degrees of the Quadrant of Altitude on the East side the Horizon for then shall the Index of the Hour-Circle point at 10. Hours 52. Minutes which shews that it continues Twilight till 52. Minutes past 10. a clock at Night May 10. here at London PROB. X. The Suns Place given to find its Amplitude And also to know upon what point of the Compass it Riseth THe Globe c. rectified Bring the Suns Place to the East Side the Horizon and the number of degrees intercepted between the East point of the Horizon and the Suns Place is the number of degrees of Amplitude that the Sun hath at its Rising and bears its denomination either of North or South according to its inclination to either point in the Horizon Or if you would know upon what point of the Compass the Sun Rises Look but in the Circle of Winds and against the Place of the Sun you have the name of the point of the Compass upon which the Sun Riseth Examples of both May 10. the Suns Place is ♉ 29. Thereâ—â—re â— the Globe being rectified I bring ♉ 29. to the East side the Horizon and find it touch against 33 degrees 20. Minutes from the East point towards the North Therefore I say the Sun hath North Amplitude 33 degrees 20. Minutes And to know upon what point of the Compass the Sun rises I keep the Globe to its Position and look in the Circle of Winds in the outmost verge of the Horizon and find the Suns Place against the Wind named North East and by East Therefore I say May 10. here at London the Sun riseth upon the North East and by East point of the Compass PROBL. XI The Hour of the Day given to find the Heigth of the Sun THe Globe c. Rectified Turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour-Circle point in the Hour-Circle to the Hour of the Day Then bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the Suns Place in the Ecliptick and the degree on the Quadrant which touches the Suns Place shall be the number of degrees of the Suns Altitude Example May 10. here at London At 53. Minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning I would know the Heigth of the Sun above the Horizon Therefore I turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour-Circle come to 53 Minutes past 8. a clock which is almost 9. in the Hour-Circle And keeping the Globe to this Position I bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the Suns place viz. 〈◊〉 29. found by the third Probleme and because the Suns Place touches upon 40. degrees of the Quadrant therefore I say May 10. 53. Minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning here at London The Sun is just 40. degrees above the Horizon or which is all one hath 40. degrees of Altitude PROB. XII The Altitude 〈◊〉 Sun and Day of the Moneth given to find the Hour of the Day AN Hour is the 24th part of a Day and a Night or the space of time that 15. degrees of the Equator takes up in passing through the Meridian for the whole Equator which contains 360. degrees passes through the Meridian in 24. Hours therefore 15. degrees which is the 24th part of 360 pass through in one Hour These Hours are Vulgarly divided into halfs quarters and half quarters but Mathematically into Minutes Seconds Thirds Fourths c. A Minute is the 60th part of an Hour so that 60 minutes make an Hour 30 half an Hour 15. a quarter of an Hour A Second is the 60th part of a Minute a third is the 60th part of a Second a Fourth is the 60th part of a Third and so you may run on to Fifths Sixths Sevenths c. if you please 12. of these Hours make a Day and 12. more make a Night so that Day and Night contain 24. hours as aforesaid which are Volgarly numbred from Noon with 1 2 3 to 12 at Night and then begin again with 1 2 3 till 12 at Noon But by Astronomers they are Numbred from Noon with 1 2 3 c. to 12. at Night and so forward to 13 14 15 till 24 which is just full Noon the next Day Yet in this Treatise I shall mention the Hours as they are Vulgarly coâ—â—ted viz. from 〈◊〉 after noon to 12. at Night and call the Hours after Midnight by 1 2 3 4 c. in the Morning to 12. at Noon again the next Day But to the operation The Globe c. Rectified Bring the Place of the Son to the Number of degrees of Altitude accounted upon the Quadrant of Altitude and the Hour-Index shall point at the Hour in the Hour-Circle yet herein respect must be had to the Fore or After noons Elevation as shall be shewed in the next Probleme Example May 10. The Sun is elevated 40. degrees above the Horizon here at London Therefore having found the Place of the Sun by the third Probleme to be â—29 I move the Globe and Quadrant till I can joyn the 29. degree of 〈◊〉 to the 40. deg upon the Quadrant of Altitude and then looking on the Hour-Circle I find the Index point at 53. Minutes past 8. a clock for the Fore noon Elevation and at 3. hours 7. Minutes for the After noons Elevation Therefore if it be Fore-noon I say It is 53. Minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning But if it be After noon I say It is 7. Minutes past 3. a clock in the After noon PROB. XIII How to know whether it be Before or After Noon HAving made one Observation you must make a Second a little while after the First and if the Sun increase in Altitude it is Before Noon but if it decrease in Altitude it is After Noon Example The Sun was at 8. hor. 53. Min. elevated 40. degr above the Horizon A little while after suppose for examples sake aquarter of an hour viz. at 9. hor. 8. Min. I observe again the heigth of the Sun and find it 42. degrees high
as I can so as the Spherick Gnomon may cast no shadow yet if it do and the shadow fall towards the North Pole then I elevate the North Pole more till the shadow fals just in the middle of it self but if the shadow fall downwards towards the South Pole then I depress the North Pole If the shadow fall on the East side I turn the Globe on its Axis more to the West and if the shadow fall to the West I turn the Globe more into the East and the degree of the Meridian which the North point of the Horizon touches is the degree of the Poles Elevation which in this Example is 51½ the Latitude of the City of London By this Operation you have also given the Hour of the Day in the Hour-Circle if you keep the Globe unmoved and the Azimuth and Almicantar if you apply but the Quadrant of Altitude to the Place of the Sun as by the 22 and 23. Problemes PROB. XIX To observe by the Globe the Distance of two Stars YOu must pitch upon two Stars in the Meridian and observe the Altitude of one of them first and afterwards the Altitude of the other Then substract the lesser Altitude from the greater and the remainder shall be the distance required Example March 7. at 11. a clock at Night here at London I see in the Meridian the two Stars in the foremost Wheels of the Waggon in the Constellation of the Great Bear called by Sea-men the Pointers because they alwaies point towards the Pole-Star Therefore to observe the distance between these two Stars I first observe as by the last Probleme the Altitude of the most Northern to be 77. degree 59. minutes and set down that number of Degrees and minutes with a Pen and Ink on a Paper or with a peece of Chalk or a Pencil on a Board and afterwards I observe the Altitude of the other Star which is under it as I did the first to be 83. deg 21. min. and set that number of degrees and minutes also down under the other number of degrees and minutes Then by substracting the lesser from the greater I find the remainder to be 5. degrees 22. min. which is the distance of the two Stars in the Great Bear called the Pointers PROB. XX. How you may learn to give a guess at the number of degrees that any two Stars are distant from one another or the number of degrees of Altitude the Sun or any Star is elevated above the Horizon only by looking up to Heaven without any Instrument BEtween the Zenith and the Horizon is comprehended an Arch of a Circle containing 90. degrees so that if you see any Star in or neer the Zenith you may know that Star is 90. or neer 90. degrees high and by so much as you may conceive it wants of the Zenith so much you may guess it wants of 90. degrees above the Horizon By this Rule you may guess at an Arch of Heaven containing 90. degrees or at an Arch of Heaven containing 45. degrees if by your imagination you divide the whole Arch into two equal parts for then shall each of them contain 45. degrees And if by your imagination you divide the Arch of 90. into 3. equal parts each division shall contain an Arch of 30. degrees c. But this way is a little too rude for guessing at Stars elevated but few degrees or for Stars distant but few degrees from one another Therefore that you may learn to guess more precisely at Distances in Heaven you may either with a Quadrant Astrolabe or the Globe find the exact distance of any two known Stars that are but few degrees asunder and by a little revolving the distance of those Stars in your fancy you may at length so imprint their distance in your memory that you may readily guess the distance of other Stars by the distance of them Example You may find either by the Globe Quadrant or Asâ—rotabe for they all agree 3. degrees comprehended between the first Star in Orions Girdle and the last therefore by a little 〈◊〉 nating upon that distance you may imprint it in your fancy for 3. degrees and so make it applicable to other Stars either of the same distance or more or less And the Pointers by the last Probleme are distant from one another 5. degrees and almost an half These are alwaies above our Horizon and therefore may alwaies stand as a Scale for five and an half degrees So that by these for 5½ degrees and those in Orions Girdle for 3. degrees and others observed either of greater or lesser distance you may according to your own Judgement shape a guess if not exactly yet pretty neer the matter of Truth when you come to other Stars Thus you may exercise your fancy upon Stars found to be 10. or 15. degrees asunder or more or less and with a few experiments of this nature enure your Judgement to guess distances and enable your memory to retain your Judgement This way of guessing will be exact enough for finding the Hour of the Night by the Stars for most common Uses or the Hour of the Day by guessing at the Altitude of the Sun if after you have guessed at the Altitude you shall work as was taught by Prob. 12. for the Hour of the Day and as shall be taught in the next Probleme for the Hour of the Night PROB. XXI The Day of the Moneth and Altitude of any Star given to find the Hour of the Night THe Globe Quadrant and Hour Index rectified Bring the Star on the Globe to the same number of Degrees on the Quadrant of Altitude that it hath in Heaven So shall the Index of the Hour-Circle point in the Hour-Circle at the Hour of the Night Example March 10. the Altitude of Arcturus is 35. degrees above the Horizon here at London Therefore having the Globe Quadrant and Hour Index rectified I bring Arcturus on the Globe to 35. degrees on the Quadrant of Altitude And then looking in the Hour-Circle I find the Index point at 10. a clock which is the Hour of the Night PROB. XXII The Place of the Sun and Hour of the Day given to find its Azimuth in any Latitude assigned THe Globe c. rectified to your Latitude Turn the Globe till the Index of the Hour-Circle come to the given hour and bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the Place of the Sun so shall the number of degrees contained between the East point of the Horizon and the degree cut by the Quadrant of Altitude on the Horizon be the number of degrees of the Suns Azimuth at that time Example May 10. at 53. minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning I would know the Azimuth of the Sun Therefore the Globe being first rectified I turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour-Circle point to 53. minutes past 8. a clock or which is all one within half a quarter of an hour of 9 then I move
the Quadrant of Altitude to the degree the Sun is in that Day and there let it remain till I see how many degrees is contained between the North point and the Quadrant which in this Example is 108. deg 25. min. And because this distance from the North exceeds 90. degrees therefore I substract 90. degrees from the whole and the remains is 18. degrees 25. min. for the Azimuthal distance of the Sun from the East point towards the South But if it had wanted of 90. degrees from the North point then should the Complement of 90. have been the Azimuthal distance of the Sun from the East point PROB. XXIII The Place of the Sun and hour of the Day given to find the Almicantar of the Sun THe Almicantars of the Sun is upon the matter the same thing with the Altitude of the Sun only with this distinction The Almicantars are Circles parallel to the Horizon discribed by the degree of the Quadrant of Altitude upon the Zenith as its Center by turning the Quadrant round about the Globe till it comes again to its first Place But the Altitude is an Arch of the Vertical Circle comprehended between the Horizon and any point of the Globe assigned Their agreement consists in this When the Sun or any Star haâ—â— any known Almicantar they are said to have the same number of degrees of Altitude As if the Sun be in the 20th Almicantar he hath 20 degrees of Altitude if in the 30th Almicantar he hath 30. degrees of Altitude c. Now because the Operation is the same for finding the Altitude and Almicantar I shall refer you to the 11th Probleme which shews you how to find the Altitude or Heighth and by consequence the Almicantar PROB. XXIV The Place of the Sun given to find what Hour it comes to the East or West and what Almicantar it then shall have THe Globe Quadrant and Hour Index rectified Bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the East point in the Horizon if you would know what hour it comes to the East or to the West point if you would know what hour it comes to the West Then turn about the Globe till the place of the Sun come to the Quadrant of Altitude and the Index of the Hour Circle shall point at the hour of the Day which on the Day aforesaid will be 7. hor. 7 min. in the Morning that the Sun commeth to the East and 4 hor. 53. min. after noon that the Sun commeth to the West And if you then count the number of degrees from the Horizon upwards on the Quadrant of Altitude it will shew you the Almicantar of the Sun for that time which will both Morning and Evening be 15 deg 30. min. as was taught you by the last Probleme PROB. XXV To know at any time what a clock it is in any other Part of the Earth THe difference of Time is reckoned by the access and progress of the Sun for the Sun gradually circumvolving the Earth in 24. hours doth by reason of the Earths rotundity enlighten but half 〈…〉 at one and the same moment of Time as shall be shewed hereafter so that hereby it comes to pass that when with us here in England it is 6. a clock in the Morning with those that have 90. degrees of Longitude to the Westward of us it is yet Midnight with those that have 180. degrees of Longitude from us it is Evening And with those that have 90. degrees of Longitude to the Eastwards it is Noon So that those to the Eastward have their Day begin sooner then ours But to the Westward their Day begins after ours Therefore that you may know what Hour it is in any Place of the Earth of what distance soever it be you must first Bring the Place of your own Habitation to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12. on the Hour Circle Then bring the other Place to the Meridian and the Arch of the Hour Circle comprehended between the hour 12. and the Index is the difference in Time between the two Places Example London in England and Surat in the East Indies First I bring London to the Meridian and turn the Index of the Hour-Circle to 12 then I turn the Globe Westward because London â—s Westward of Surat till Surat come to the Meridian and see at what Hour the Index of the Hour Circle points which in this Example is 5. hor. 54. minutes And because Surat lies to the Eastward of us so many degrees therefore as was said before their Day begins so much before ours So that when here at London it is 6. a clock in the Morning at Surat it will be 11. a clock 54. minutes when with us it is 12. a clock with them it will be 5 a clock 54. minutes afternoon If you would know the difference of Time between London and Jamaica Working as before you may find 5. hor. 15. min. But Jamaica is to the West of London therefore their Day begins 5. hor. 15. min. after ours so that when with us it is Noon with them it will be but three quarters of an hour past 6. a clock in the Morning and when with them it is Noon with us it will be one quarter past 5. a clock after Noon c. Or you may yet otherwise know the difference of Time if you divide the number of Degrees of the Equinoctial that pass through the Meridian while the Globe is moved from the first Place to the second by 15. so shall the product give you the difference of hours and minutes between the two Places as you will find if you try either of these Examples or any other PROB. XXVI To find the Right Ascension of the Sun or Stars THe Right Ascension of any point on the Globe is found by bringing the point proposed to the Meridian and counting the number of degrees comprehended between the Vernal Colure and the Meridian Example for the Sun June 1. I would know the Right Ascension of the Sun His Place found as by the third Probleme is ♊ 20. Therefore I bring ♊ 20. to the Meridian and then the Meridian cuts the Equinoctial in 79. degrees 15. minutes accounted from the Vernal point ♈ Therefore I say the Right Ascension of the Sun June 1. is 79. deg 15. Minutes Example for a Star I take Capella alias Hircus the Goat on Auriga's sholder and bring it to the Meridian and find the Meridian cut the Equinoctial counting as before from the Vernel point ♈ in 73. degrees 58. minutes Therefore I say the Right Ascension of Hircus is 73. degrees 58. min. Do the like for any other point of the Globe proposed PROB. XXVII To find the Declination of the Sun or Stars THe Declination of any point on the Globe is found by bringing the point proposed to the Meridian and counting the number of degrees comprehended on the Meridian between the Equinoctial and the point proposed and bears its Denomination
erroneously that little of credit can be attributed unto them California is found to be an Iland though formerly supposed to be part of the main Continent whose North West shoar was imagined to thrust it self forth close to the Coasts of Cathaio and so make the supposed Straits of Anian The Western Shoars of the West Indies are more accurately discribed then formerly as you may see if you compare my Terrestrial Globe with the Journals of the latest Navigators And if you compare them with other Globes you will find 5 6 yea 7 degrees difference in Longitude in most Places of these Coasts Magellanica which heretofore was thought to be part of the South Continent called Terra Incognita is now also found to be an Iland All that Track of Land called Terra Incognita I have purposely omitted because as yet we have no certainty whether it be Sea or Land unless it be of some parts lately found out by the Dutch who having a convenient Port at Bantam in Java have from thence sent forth Ships Southwards where they have found several very large Countries one whereof they have called Hollandia Nova another Zelandia Nova another Anthoni van Diemans Land and divers others some whereof lies near our Antipodes as you may see by my Terrestrial Globe Again Far to the Northwards there are some New Discoveries even within 6. degrees of the Pole The Drafts to the North Eastwards I have laid down even as they were discribed by the Searchers of these Parts for a Passage into the East Indies And also the Discoveries of Baffin Capt. James and Capt. Fox our own Country men that attempted the finding a passage that way into the South Sea I also told you what difference there is in several Authors about placing their first Meridian which is the beginning of Longitude that Ptolomy placed it at the Fortunate Ilands which Mr Hues pag. 4. chap 1. in his Treatise of Globes proves to be the Ilands of Cabo Verde and not those now called the Canary Ilands because in his Time they were the furthest Places of the Discovered World towards the Setting of the Sun Others placed it at Pico in Teneriffa Others at Corvus and Flora because under that Meridian the Compass had no Variation but did then duely respect the North and South Others for the same Reason began their Longitude at St Michaels and others between the Ilands of Flores and Fayal And the Spaniards of late by reason of their great Negotiation in the West Indies have begun their Longitude at Toledo there and contrary to all others account it Westwards Therefore I seeing such diversity among all Nations and as yet a Uniformity at home chose with our own Country men to place my First Meridian at the Ile Gratiosa one of the Iles of the Azores By the different placing of this first Meridian it comes to pass that the Longitude of places are diversly set down in different Tables For those Globes or Maps that have their first Meridian placed to the Eastwards of Gratiosa have all places counted Eastward between the first Mertdian and the Meridian of Gratiosa in fewer degrees of Longitude And those Globes and Maps that have their first Meridian placed to the Westwards have all Places counted Eastwards from the Meridian of Gratiosa and their first Meridian in a greater number of degrees of Longitude and that according as the Arch of Difference is I have annexed a smal Collection out of Dr Hood which declares the Re son why such strange Figures and Forms are pictured on the Caelestial Globe and withall the Poetical Stories of e-every Constellation I also thought good to add at the latter end of this Book a smal Treatise intituled The Antiquity Progress and Augmentation of Astronomy I may without Partiallity give it the Encomium of a Pithy Pleasant and Methodical peece It was written by a Learned Author and is worthy the Perusal of all Ingenuous Lovers of these Studies Joseph Moxon Encomiastic Achrosticon Authoris IT s now since Atlas raign'd thousands of Years OF whom 't is Fabl'd Heavens hee did Uphold SO Ancient Authors write But it appeares EXcell he others did for we are told PRoject he did the Sphear and for his Skil HE had therein his Fame will Flourish still MUst we not also Praise in this our Age OUr Authors skill and Pains who doth ingage X Thousand Thanks not for this Book alone OF his But for the Globes he makes there 's none NOw extant made so perfect This is known The Contents of the First Book Chap. 1. WHat a Globe is fol. 4 2. Of the two Poles 4 3. Of the Axis 4 4. Of the Brazen Meridian 4 5. Of the Horizon 5 6. Of the Quadrant of Altitude 6 7. Of the Hour-Circle and its Index 6 8. Of the Nautical Compass or Box and Needle 7 9. Of the Semi-Circle of Position 7 Chap. 2. Of the Circles Lines c. described upon the superficies of the Globe beginning with the Terrestrial Globe and 7 1. Of the Equator 7 2. Of the Meridians 8 3. Of the Parallels 8 4. Of the Ecliptique Tropicks and Polar Circles 8 5. Of the Rhumbs 9 6. Of the Lands Seas Ilands c. Discribed upon the Terrestrial Globe 9 7. Longitude 10 8. Latitude 11 Chap. 3. Of the Celestial Globe or the Eighth Sphear represented by the Celestial Globe its motion and of the Circles Lines Images Stars c. described thereon 11 1. Of the eight Sphear 11 2. Of the Motion of the eighth Sphear 12 3. Of the Equinoctial 13 4. Of the Ecliptick 15 5. Of the Poles of the Ecliptick 15 6. Of the Axis of the Ecliptick 16 7. Of the Colures and Cardinal Points 16 8. Of the Tropick fol. 16 9. Of the Circles Arctick and Antarctick 17 10. Of the Images called Constellations drawn upon the Celestial Globe 17 11. Of the number of the Stars 19 12. Of the Scituation of the Stars 20 13. Of the Magnitudes of the Stars 20 The proportion of the Diameters of the fixed Stars Compared with the Diameter of the Earth 21 The proportions of the fixed Stars Compared with the Globe of the Earth 22 14. Of the Nature of the Stars 23 15. Of Via Lactea or the Milky way 23 The Contents Of the Second Book Prob. 1. SOme Advertisements in Choosing and Using the Globes 35 To find the Longitude and Latitude of Places on the Terrestrial Globe fol. 37 Prob. 2. The Longitude and Latitude being known to Rectifie the Globe fit for use 38 Prob. 3. To find the Place of the Sun in the Ecliptick the day of the Moneth being first known 39 Prob. 4. To find the Day of the Moneth the Place of the Sun being given 40 Prob. 5. The Place of the Sun given to find its Declination 40 Prob. 6. The Place of the Sun given to find us Meridian Altitude 41 Prob. 7. The Suns Place given to find the Hour of Sun Rising and the length of
the Night and Day 42 Prob. 8. To find the Hour of Sun Set. 42 Prob. 9. To find how long it is Twilight in the Morning and Evening 43 Prob. 10. The Suns Place given to find its Amplitude And also to know upon what point of the Compass it Riseth 44 Prob. 11 The Hour of the Day given to find the Height of the Sun 45 Prob. 12. The Altitude of the Sun and Day of the Moneth given to find the Hour of the Day fol. 46 Prob. 13. How to know whether it be Before or After Noon 47 How to take Altitudes by the Quadrant Astrolabe and Cross-staff 47 To take Altitudes by the Astrolabe 50 To take Altitudes by the Cross-staff 51 Prob. 14. To observe with the Globe the Altitude of the Sun 52 Prob. 15. To find the Elevation of the Poleâ— by the Meridian Altitude of the Sun and Day of the Moneth given 53 Prob. 16. To take the Altitude of any Star above the Horizon by the Globe 54 Prob. 17. By the Meridian Altitude of any Star given to find the Height of the Pole 54 Prob. 18. Another way to find the Height of the Pole by the Globe if the Place of the Sun be given and also to find the Hour of the Day and Azimuth and Almicanter of the Sun 56 Prob. 19. To observe by the Globe the Distance of two Stars 57 Prob. 20. How you may learn to give a guess at the number of degrees that any two Stars are distant from one another or the number of degrees of Altitude the Sun or any Star is Elevated above the Horizon only by looking up to Heaven without any Instrument 58 Prob. 21. The Day of the Moneth and Altitude of any Star given to find the Hour of the Night 59 Prob. 22. The Place of the Sun and Hour of the Day given to find its Azimuth in any Latitude assigned 60 Prob. 23. The Place of the Sun and Hour of the Day given to find the Almicantar of the Sun 61 Prob. 24. The Place of the Sun given to find what Hour it comes to the East or West and what Almicantar it then shall have 61 Prob. 25. To know at any time what a clock it is in any other Part of the Earth 62 Prob. 26. To find the Right Ascension of the Sun or Stars 63 Prob. 27. To find the Declination of the Sun or Stars 64 A Table of the Right Ascensions and Declinations of 100. Select fixed Stars Calculated by Tycho Brahe for the Years 1600 and 1670. As also their Difference of Right Ascensions and Declinations in 70. Years 65 Prob. 28. The Place of the Sun or any Star given to find the Right Descension and the Oblique Ascension and the Oblque Descension fol. 71 Prob. 29. Any Place on the Terrestrial Globe being given to find its Antipodes 72 Prob. 30. To find the Perecij of any given Place by the Terrestrial Globe 73 Prob. 31. To find the Antecij of any given Place upon the Terrestrial Globe 73 Prob. 32. To find the Longitude and Latitude of the Stars by the Coelestial Globe 73 Prob. 33. To find the Distance between any two Places on the Terrestrial Globe 74 Prob. 34. To find by the Terrestrial Globe upon what point of the Compass any 〈◊〉 Places are scituate one from another 75 Prob. 35. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Cosmical Rising and Setting of the Stars 76 Prob. 36. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Acronical Rising and Setting of the Stars 77 Prob. 37. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Heliacal Rising and Setting of the Stars 78 Prob. 38. To find the Diurnal and Nocturnal Arch of the Sun or Stars in any given Latitude 79 Prob. 39. To find the Azimuth and Almicantar of any Star 81 Prob. 40. To find the Hour of the Night by observing two known Stars in one Azimuth or Almicantar 81 Prob. 41. The Hour given that any Star in Heaven comes to the Meridian to know thereby the Place of the Sun and by consequence the Day of the Moneth though it were lost 82 Prob. 42. The Day of the Moneth given to find in the Circle of Letters on the Plain of the Horizon the Day of the Week 83 Prob. 43. The Azimuth of any Star given to find its Hour in any given Latitude 84 Prob. 44. How you may learn to know all the Stars in Heaven by the Coelestial Globe 84 Prob. 45. How to hang the Terrestrial Globe in such a position that by the Suns shining upon it you may with great delight at once behold the demonstration of many Principles in Astronomy and Geography 89 Prob. 46. To know by the Terrestrial Globe in the Zenith of what Place of the Earth the Sâ—â— is 91 Prob. 47. To find in what different Places of the Earth the Sun hath the same Altitude at the same time 92 Prob. 48. To find the length of the Longest and shortest Artificial Day or Night 95 Prob. 49. To find how much the Pole is Raised or Depressed where the longest Day is an Hour longer or shorter then it is in your Habitation 96 Prob. 50. The Suns Place given to find what alteration of Declination he must have to make the Day an Hour longer or shorter And in what number of Daies it will be 97 Prob. 51. Of the difference of Civil and Natural Daies commonly called the Equation of Civil Daies And how it may be found by the Globe 99 Prob. 52. How to find the Hour of the Night when the Moon shines on a Sun Dyal by help of the Globe 101 Prob. 53. To find the Dominical Letter the Prime Epact Easter Day and the rest of the Moveable Feasts for ever 102 Prob. 54. The Age of the Moon given to find her place in the Ecliptick according to her mean motion 104 Prob. 55. Having the Longitude and Latitude or Right Ascension and Declination of any Planet or Comet to place it on the Globe to correspond with its place in Heaven 105 The Contents Of the Third Book Prob. 1. THe Suns Amplitude and difference of Ascension given to find the Height of the Pole and Declination of the Sun 108 Prob. 2. The Suns Declination and Amplitude given to find the Poles Elevation 108 Prob. 3. The Suns Declination and Hour at East given to find the Heigth of the Pole 109 Prob. 4. The Declination of the Sun and his Altitude at East given to find the Heigth of the Pole 110 Prob. 5. By the Suns Declination and Azimuth at 6 of the Clock given to find the Heigth of the Pole and Almicantar at 6. 11â— Prob. 6. By the Hour of the Night and a known Star Observed Rising or Setting to find the Heigth of the Pole fol. 112 Prob. 7. Two Places given in the same Latitude to find the Difference of Longitude 112 Prob. 8. Two Places given in the same Longitude to find the difference of Latitude 113 Prob. 9. Course and Distance between two Places given to find their
Moon or Stars c. and for the finding the Azimuth and Amplitude c. VI. Of the Quadrant of Altitude The Quadrant of Altitude is a thin brass plate divided into 90. degrees and marked upwards with 10 20 30 40 c. to 90. It is rivetted to a Brass Nut which is fitted to the Meridian and hath a Screw in it to screw upon any degree of the Meridian When it is used it is screwed to the Zenith It s use is for measuring the Altitudes finding Amplitudes and Azimuths and discribing Almicantaraths It would sometimes stand you in good steed if the Plate were longer by the bredth of the Horizon then 90. degrees for then that length being turned back will serve you instead of an Index when the Nut is screwed to the Zenith to cut either the degrees or Daies of either Style or the Points of the Compass in any of those Circles concentrical to the innermost edge of the Horizon which the Ey cannot so well judge at VII Of the Hour Circle and its Index The Hour Circle is a smal Brasen Circle fitted on the Meridian whose Center is the Pole of the world It is divided into the 24 hours of the Day and Night and each hour is again divided into halfs and quarters which in a Revolution of the Globe are all pointed at with an Index which to that purpose is fitted on the Axis of the Globe The use of the hour Circle is for shewing the Time of the several mutations and Configurations of Celestial Appearances VIII Of the Nautical Compass or Box and Needle Just under the East point of the Horizon upon the undermost Plane is sometimes fixed a Nautical Compass whose North and South line must be Parallel to the North and South line of the Horizon The use of it is for setting the Angles of the Globe correspondent to the Angles of the World IX Of the Semi-Circle of Position This is a Semi-Circle made of Brass and divided into 180. degrees numbred from the Equinoctial on either side with 10 20 30 c. to 90. at the two ends there is an Axis which is fitted into the two hole of two smal studs fixed in the North and South points of the upper Plane of the Horizon upon this Axis it is moved up and down according to the intent of your operation The use of this Circle of Position is for the finding the twelve Astrological Houses of Heaven and also for finding the Circle of Position of any Star or Point in Heaven Thus much may serve for the lineaments Circumjacent to the body of the Globe The next discourse shall be CHAP. II. Of the Circles Lines c. discribed upon the Superficies of the Globe beginning with the Terrestrial Globe and I. Of the Equator THe Equator is a great Circle encompassing the very middle of the Globe between the two Poles thereof and divides it into two equal parts the one the North part and the other the South part It is as all great Circles are divided into 360. equal parts which are called Degrees Upon this Circle the Longitude is numbred from East to West and from this Circle both waies viz. North and South the Latitude is reckoned It is called the Equator because when the Sun comes to this line which is twice in one year to wit on the tenth of March and the eleventh of June the Daies and Nights are equated and both of one length II. Of the Meridians There are infinite of Meridians for all places lying East or West from one another have several Meridians but the Meridians delineated upon the Terrestrial Globe are in number 36. so that between two Meridians is contained ten degrees of the Equator From the first of these Meridians which is divided into twice 90 degrees accounted from the Equator towards either Pole is the beginning of Longitude which upon our English Globes is at the Ile Gratiosa one of the Iles of the Azores and numbred in the Equator Eastwards with 10 20 30 c. to 360. round about the Globe till it end where it began They are called Meridians because they divide the Day into two equal parts for when the Sun comes to the Meridian of any Place it is then Midday or full Noon III. Of the Parallels As the Meridians are infinite so are the Parallels and as the Meridian lines delineated upon the Globe are drawn through no more then every tenth degree of the Equator so are the Parallels also delineated but upon every tenth degree of the Meridian lest the Globe should be too much filled with superfluity of lines which might obscure the smal names of Places The Parallel Circles run East and West round about the Globe even as the Equator only the Equator is a great Circle and these are every one less then other diminishing gradually till they end in the Pole The Parallels are numbred upon the Meridian with 10 20 30 c. to 90. beginning in the Equator and ending in the Pole They are called Parallels because they are Parallel to the Equator IIII. Of the Ecliptick Tropicks and Polar Circles These Circles though they are delineated upon the Terrestrial Globe yet they are most proper to the Celestial and therefore when I come to the Celestial Globe I shall define them unto V. Of the Rhumbs The Rhumbs are neither Circles nor straight lines but Helispherical or Spiral lines They proceed from the point where we stand and wind about the Globe till they come to the Pole where at last they loose themselves They represent the 32 winds of the Compass Their use is to shew the bearing of any two places one from another that is to say upon what point of the Compass any shoar or Land lies from another There are many of them described upon the Globe for the better directing the ey from one shoar to the other when you seek after the bearing of any two Lands Some of them where there is room for it have the figure of the Nautical Card drawn about the Center or common intersection and have as all other Cards have for the distinction of the North point a Flowerdeluce pictured thereon They were first called Rumbs by the Portugals and since used by Latine Authors and therefore that name is continued by all Writers that have occasion to speak of them VI. Of the Lands Seas Ilands c. Described upon the Terrestrial Globe The Land described upon the Globe is bounded with an irregular line which runs turning and winding into Creeks and Angles even as the shoar which it represents doth For the better distinction of Lands c this line is cullered close by one side thereof with divers Cullers as with red yellow green c. these cullers distinguish one part of the Continent from the other and also one Iland from another That side of the line which incompasses the Cullers is the bounds of the Land the other side of the line which is
the number of degrees that the Sun Moon or any Star is distant from the Equinoctial towards either Pole and hath a double Denomination viz. North Declination and South Declination for if the Sun Moon or Star swarve towards the North Pole they are said to have North Declination if towards the South Pole South Declination The Right Ascension is the number of degrees of the Equinoctial accounted from the first point of Aries which comes to the Meridian with the Sun Moon or Star or any other point in Heaven proposed The Oblique Ascension is the number of degrees of the Equinoctial which comes to the East side of the Horizon with the Sun Moon or any Star The Oblique Descension is the degrees of the Equinoctial which comes to the West side of the Horizon with the Sun Moon or any Star The Ascensional Difference is the number of degrees after subtraction of the Oblique Ascension from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—scension So many degrees as you are said to sail towards the Pole you are said to Raise the Pole and so many degrees as you sail from the Pole you are said to Depress the Pole Course is the point of the Compass you sail upon as if you sail East-wards it is an Easterly Course if West a Westerly Course c. Distance is the number of leagues you have sailed from any Place upon any Course A Zone is a space of Earth contained between two Parrallels The ancient Geographers made five Zones in the Earth Two Frozen Two Temperate and one Burnt Zone The two Frozen Zones are those parts of the Globe comprehended between the North Pole and the Arctick Circle and the South Pole and the Antarctick Circle by the Ancients called inhabitable because the Sun being alwaies far remote from them shoots its beams Obliquely upon them which Oblique beams are so very weak that all their Summer is but a continued Winter and the Winter as they thought impossible to be at all indured The Temperate Zones are the space of Earth contained between the Arctick Circle and the Tropick of ♋ and the Antarctick Circle and the Tropick of ♑ by the Ancients called Temperate and Habitable because they are composed of a sweet Mediocrity between outragious Heat and extremity of Cold. The Burnt Zone is the space of Earth contained between the Tropick of ♋ and the Tropick of ♑ called by the Ancients Unhabitable because in regard the Sun never moves out of this Zone but darts its Beames perpendicularly upon it they imagined the Air was so unsufferable Hot that it was impossible for any to inhabite in this Zone So that as you see they held the two Temperate Zones only habitable and the two Frozen Zones and one Burnt Zone altogether unpossible to be inhabited But their Successors either animated by industry or compeld by necessity have apparently confuted that Assertion for at this time many thousands can witness that their bloods are not so greasie as to be melted in the Scortching heat of the one or so watry as to be congealed in the Icy frosts of the other The Ancients have yet otherwise divided the Earth into four and twenty Northern Climates and four and twenty Southern Climates so that in all there is eight and forty Climates The Climates are altered according to the half hourly increasing of the longest daies for in the Latitude where the longest daies are increased half an hour longer then they are at the Equator viz. longer then 12 hours the first Climate begins and in the Latitude where they are increased an whole hour longer then in the Equator the second Climate begins where the daies are increased three half hours longer then in the Equator the third Climate begins and so onwards the Climates alter according as the longest day increases half an hour till you come to find the longest day 24 hours long Now the Ancients in those times knowing no more then nine Habitable Climates gave names only to nine The first they called Dia Meroes after the name of a famous Inland Iland which is scituate about the middle of that Climate and is now called Gueguere The second Climate they called Dia Syenes after the name of an eminent Citty in Egypt lying about the midst of that Climate The third Dia Alexanderas after the name of the Metropolitan Citty of Egypt The fourth Dia Rhodes The fifth Dia Romes The sixth Dia Ponton The seventh Dia Boristheneos The eighth Dia Ripheos The ninth Dia Daniam These names belong only to the Climates on the North side of the Equator But those on the South side in regard of the smal Discoveries those Ages had on that side the Equator were distinguisht only by the addition of the word Anti to the same Southerly Climate as the first Southern Climate which is that Climate that lies as many degrees to the South-ward as the first doth to the North-ward they called Anti Meroes The second Anti Syenes The third Anti Alexanderas and so on to the ninth In every Climate is included two Parallels which are of the same nature with the Climates save only that as the Climates alter by the half hourly increasing of the longest day the Parallels alter by the quarter hourly increasing of the longest day Furthermore in respect of the Horizon we find the Sphear constituted into a threefold Position as first into a Direct Sphear Secondly a Parallel Sphear Thirdly an Oblique Sphear A Direct Sphear hath both the Poles of the World in the Horizon and the Equinoctial transiting the Zenith In a Direct Sphear all the Circles Parallel to the Equator make right angles with the Horizon and are also divided into two equal parts by the Horizon and in a Direct Sphear the Sun Moon and Stars are alwaies twelve hours above the Horizon and twelve hours under the Horizon and consequently make twelve hours Day and twelve hours Night It is called a Direct Sphear because all the Celestial Bodies as Sun Moon and Stars c. by the Diurnal Motion of the Primum Mobile ascend directly above and descend directly below the Horizon They that inhabite under the Equator have the Sphear thus posited as in the Iland Borneo Sumaira Celebes St. Thomas a great part of Africk Peru in the West-Indies c. as you may see by the Globe it self if you move the Brasen Meridian through the notch in the Horizon till the Poles thereof touch the Horizon As in this Figure A Parallel Sphear hath one Pole of the VVorld in the Zenith the other in the Nadir and the Equinoctial line in the Horizon In a Parallel Sphear all the Circles Parallel to the Equinoctial are also Parallel to the Horizon and in a Parallel Sphear from the 10th of March to the 11th of September the Sun being then in the Northorly Signes and consequently on the North side the Horizon there is six Moneths Day
respect of warping and shrinking I have had few Globes come to mending that have not had either broken Horizons or some other notorious fault occasioned through the sleightness of the Horizons In the Using the Globes KEep the East side of the Horizon alwaies towards you unless your Proposition requires the turning of it which East side you may know by the Word East placed on the outmost verge thereof For then have you the graduated side of the Meridian alwaies towards you the Quadrant of altitude before you and the Globe divided exactly into two equal parts So oft as I name to at of or under the Meridian or Horizon I mean the East side of the Meridian and Superficies of the Horizon because the East side of the Meridian passes through the North and South points both of the Globe and Horizon and agrees just with the middle of the Axis And the Superficies of the Horizon divideth the Globe exactly into two equal parts It you happen to use the Globes on the South side the Equator you must draw the wyers out of either Pole and change them to the contrary Poles putting the longest wyer into the South Pole And because on the other side the Equator the South Pole is elevated therefore you must elevate the South Pole of the Globe above the Horizon according to the South Latitude of your Place as shall be shewed hereafter In the working some Problems it will be required that you turn the Globe to look on the West side thereof which turning will be apt to jog the Ball so as the degree that was at the Horizon or Meridian will be moved away and thereby the Position of the Globe altered To avoid which inconvenince you may make use of a Quill thrusting the Feather end between the Ball and the Brazen Meridian and so wedge it up without wronging the Globe at all till your Proposition be answered PROBLEME I. To find the Longitude and Latitude of Places on the Terrestrial Globe SEek the Place on the Terrestrial Globe whose Longitude and Latitude you would know and bring that Place to the Brazen Meridian and see how many degrees of the Equator is cut by the Meridian from the first general Meridian which on my Globes pass through Gratiosa one of the Isles of the Azores for that number of degrees is the Longitude of the Place Example I desire to know the Longitude of London and close to the name London I find a smal mark 0 thus which smal mark is in some Globes and Maps adorned with the Picture of a Steeple c. therefore I do not bring the word London to the Meridian but that smal mark for that alwaies represents the the Town or Citty sought for And keeping the Globe steddy in this Position I examine how many degrees of the Equator are contained between the Brazen Meridian and the first general Meridian which I find to be 24. deg 00. min. Therefore I say the Longitude of London is 24. degrees 00. min. For the Latitude See on the Brazen Meridian how many degrees are contained between the Equator and the mark for London which in this Example is 51½ therefore I say London hath 51½ degrees North Latitude PROBLEME II. The Longitude and Latitude being know to Rectifie the Globe fit for use 1. WHen you rectifie the Globe to any particular Latitude you must move the Brazen Meridian through the notches of the Horizon till the same number of degrees accounted on the Meridian from the Pole about which the Hour-Circle is towards the North point in the Horizon if in North Latitude and toward the South if in South Latitude come just to the edge of the Horizon Example By the former Proposition I found the Latitude of London to be 51½ degrees North Latitude therefore I count 51½ degrees from the Pole downwards towards my right hand and turn the Meridian through the notches of the Horizon till those 51½ degrees comes exactly to the uppermost edge of the North point in the Horizon and then is the Meridian rectified to the Latitude of London 2. Next rectifie the Quadrant of altitude after this manner Screw the edge of the Nut that is even with the graduated edge of the thin Plate to 51½ degrees of the Brazen Meridian accounted from the Equinoctial on the Southern side the Horizon which is just the Zenith of London and then is your Quadrant Rectified 3. Bring the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in that day to the Meridian which you shall learn to know by the next Probleme and then turn the Index of the Hour Circle to the hour 12. on the South side the Hour Circle and then is your Hour Circle also rectified fit to use for that Day 4. Lastly If you will rectifie the Globe to correspond in all respects with the Position and Scituation of the Sphear you must set the four Quarters of the Horizon viz. East West North and South agreeable with the four quarters of the World which you may do by the Needle in the bottom of the Horizon for you must turn the Globe so long till the Needle point just to the Flower de luce Next you must set the Plain of the wooden Horizon parallel to the Horizon of the World which you may try by setting a common Level on the four Quaters of the Horizon And then positing the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in to the Height above or depth below the Horizon the Sun hath in Heaven as by the 11th Probleme your Globe is made Correspondent in all points with the frame of the Sphear for that particular Time and Latitude PROBLEME III. To find the Place of the Sun in the Ecliptick the Day of the Moneth being first known SEek the Day of the Moneth in the Circle of Moneths upon the Horizon and right against it in the Circle of Signes is the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in Example Imagine the Day to be given is May 10. therefore I seek on the Horizon in the Circle of Moneths for May and find the Moneths divided into so many parts as there is Daies in the Moneth which parts are marked with Arithmetical figures from the beginning of the Moneth to the end and denote the number of the Day of the Moneth that each Division represents therefore among the Divisions I seek for 10 and directly against it in the Circle of Signes I find ♉ 29. degrees Therefore I say May 10. the Suns Place is in 29. degrees of ♉ But note that if it be Leap Year instead of the 10. of May you must take the 11. of May because February having in a Leap Year 29. Daies the 29. of February must be reckoned for the first of March and the first of March for the second of March the second of March for the third of March and so throughout the year The Leap Year is caused by the six od hours more then 365. daies that are assigned to
every common Year so that in a Revolution of 4. Years one Day is gained which is added to February and therefore February hath every fourth or Leap Year 29. Daies PROBLEME IIII. To find the Day of the Moneth the Place of the Sun being given AS in the last Probleme it was your task to find on the Horizon the Day of the Moneth first so now you must first seek the Signe and degree the Sun is in and against it in the Circle of Moneths you shall see the Day of the Moneth As against ♉ 29. you have May 10. PROBLEME V. The Place of the Sun given to find its Declination HAving by the third Probleme found the Suns Place on the Plain of the Horizon you must seek the same degree in the Ecliptick on the Globe then bring that degree to the Brazen Meridian and the number of degrees intercepted between the Equinoctial and the degree just-over the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in is the Declination of the Sun for that Day and bears its Denomination of North or South according to its Position either on the North or South side the Equinoctial Example By the third Probleme aforesaid of May 10. I find ♉ 29. the Suns Place Therefore I seek in the Ecliptick Line on the Globe for ♉ 29. and bring it to the East side of the Brazen Meridian which is the graduated side and over ♉ 29. I find on the Brazen Meridian 20. deg 5. min. numbred from the Equinoctial and because ♉ is on the North side the Equinoctial therefore I say The Sun hath May 10. North Declination 20. degrees 5. min. PROBLEME VI. The Place of the Sun given to find its Meridian Altitude THe Globe rectified Bring the degree of the Sun to the Meridian or which is all one the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in and the number of degrees contained between the Horizon and the Suns Place in the Meridian is the number of degrees that the Sun is Elevated above the Horizon at Noon or which is all one the Meridian Altitude of the Sun Example To know what Meridian Altitude the Sun hath here at London May 10. I bring the Suns Place found by the third Probleme to the Meridian and count on the Meridian the number of degrees contained between the Horizon and the degree just over the Suns Place which in this Example I find to be 58½ Therefore I say the Suns Meridian Altitude May 10. is here at London 58½ degrees PROBL. VII The Suns Place given to find the Hour of Sun Rising and the length of the Night and Day THe Globe and Hour Index rectified Seek the degree the Sun is in on the Globe and bring that degree to the Eastern Side of the Horizon and the Index of the Hour Circle will point at the Hour of Sun Rising Example To know the Hour of Sun Rising here at London May 10. The Suns Place as before is ♉ 29. Therefore the Globe being rectified as before I seek ♉ 29. degrees on the Globe and bring that degree to the East Side of the Horizon and looking on the Index of the Hour Circle I find it point at 4. a clock and â…™ part of an hour more towards 5 therefore I say May 10. the Sun rises here at London at â…™ which is 12. minutes after 4 a clock in the Morning If you double 4 hours 12. minutes it gives you the length of the Night 8 hours 24. minutes And if you substract the length of the Night 8. hours 24. minutes from 24. hours the length of Day and Night it leaves the length of the Day 15. hours 36. minutes PROB. VIII To find the Hour of Sun Set. TUrn the Place of the Sun to the West side of the Horizon and the Index of the Hour Circle shews on the Hour-Circle the hour of Sun set which on the 10th of May aforesaid is 〈◊〉 parts of an hour after 〈◊〉 7. a clock at Night Viz. the Sun Sets at 48. minutes past 7. a clock PROB. IX To find how long it is Twilight in the Morning and Evening TWilight is that promiscuous and doubtfull light which appears before the Rising of the Sun in the Morning and continues after the setting of the Sun in the Evening It is made by the extension of the Suns beams into the Vapours of the Air when the Sun is less then 18. deg below the Horizon for the Sun ere it Rises and after it Sets shoots forth its Beams through the Air and so illuminates the Vapours of the Air which illumination does by degrees enlighten the Horizon and spreads through the Zenith even into the West ere the Sun Rises and also continues above the Horizon afteâ— the Sun sets Now though it be Twilight when the Sun is 18. degrees below the Horizon yet the duration of Twilight is alterable both in respect of Time and Place for at such Time at the Sun is farthest distant from any Place the Twilight shall be greater then when it is neerest And in respect of Place All Places that have great Latitude from the Equator have longer Twilight than those that are neerer to the Equator for as Authors say under the Equator there is no Twilight when again in many Climes both Northward and Southward the Nights are indeed no Nights but only as it were a little over-spread with a cloudy Shade and is either increased or diminished according to the â—autation of Meoâ—erological Causes Therefore to know the beginning of Twilight in the Morning here at London May 10 you must having the Globe rectified turn the degree of the Ecliptick which is opposite to the Place of the Sun till it be elevated 18. degrees in the Quadrant of Altitude above the Horizon in the West So shall the Index of the Hour-Circle point at the Hour that Twilight begins Then subtract the Hour and Minute that Twilight begins from the Hour and Minute of Sun Rising if in the Morning or substract the Hour of Sun sett from the Hour of Twilight if at Night and the remainder is the length of Twilight Example The Globe Quadrant and Hour-Index being rectified as before and the Suns place given ♉ 29. I seek the opposite degree on the Globe after this manner I bring ♉ 29. to the Meridian and observe what degree of the Ecliptik the opposite part of the Meridian cuts and because I find it cuts â™ 29. therefore I say â™ 29. is opposite to ♉ 29. Having found the opposite degree I bring it into the West and also the Quadrant of Altitude and joyn â™ 29. to 18. degrees accounted upwards on the Quadrant so shall ♉ 29. be depressed 18. degrees in the East Side the Horizon Then looking what Hour the Hour-Index points at in the Hour-Circle I find it to be 1. Hor. 8. Min. which shews that Twilight begins at 8. Minutes past 1. a clock in the Morning And if you substract 1. Hour 8. Minutes from 4. Hours 11. Minutes the time
never above 29. degrees distant from the Sun Thirdly The Planets may be known from fixed Stars by their Azimuths and Altitudes observed as hath been taught before for if when you have taken the Azimuth and Altitude of the Star in Heaven you doubt to be a Planet and you find not on the Globe in the same Azimuth and Altitude a Star appearing to be of the same Magnitude that that in Heaven appears to be you may conclude that that in Heaven is a Planet Yet notwithstanding it may happen that a Planet may be in the same degree of Longitude and Latitude in the Zodiack that some eminent fixed Star is in as in the degree and minute of Longitude and Latitude that Cor Leonis or the Bulls Ey or Scorpions heart is in and so may eclipse that Star by being placed between us and it But that happens very seldom and rarely but if you doubt it you may apply your self to some other of the precedent and subsequent Rules here set down for knowing Planets from fixed Stars The fourth way is by shifting their Places for the Planets having a continual motion do continually alter their Places as ♂ moves about half a degree in a day ♀ a whole degree but ♃ and ♄ move very slowly ♃ not moving above 5. minutes and ♄ seldom above 2. minutes Yet by their motions alone the Planets may be known to be Planets if you will precisely observe their distance from any known fixed Star in or near the Ecliptick as on this Night and the next Night after observe whether they retain the same distance they had the Night before which if they do then are they fixed Stars but if they do not then are they Planets yet this Caâ—â—on is to be given you in this Rule also That the Planets sometimes are said to be Stationary as not altering 1. minute in Place forwards or backwards in 6. or 7. daies together Therefore if you find cause to doubt whether your Star be a Planet or a fixed Star you may for the help of your understanding confer with some of the former Rules unless you are willing to wait 8 or 9 daies longer and so by observation of its motion resolve your self Or Fifthly you may apply your self to an Ephemeris for that Year and see if on that day you find any Planet in the degree and minute of the Zodiack you see the Star you question in Heaven and if there be no Planet in that degree of the Zodiack you may conclude it is no Planet but a fixed Star PROB. XLV How to hang the Terrestrial Globe in such a position that by the Suns shining upon it you may with great delight at once behold the demonstration of many Principles in Astronomy and Geography TAke the Terrestrial Ball out of the Horizon and fasten a thred on the Brazen Meridian to the degree of the Latitude of your Place by this thred hang the Globe in a place where the Suns Beams may have a free access to it Then direct the Poles of the Globe to their proper Poles in Heaven the North Pole to the North and the South Pole to the South and with a thred fastned to either Pole brace the Globe so that it do not turn from his position then bring your Habitation to the Meridian so shall your Terrestrial Globe be Rectified to correspond in all respects with the Earth it self even as in Prob. 44. the Celestial Globe doth the Poles of the Globe to the Poles of the World the Meridian of the Globe to the Meridian of the World and the several Regions on the Globe made Correspondent to the same Regions on the Earth So that with great delight you may behold 1. How the counterfeit Earth like the true one will have one Hemisphear Sun shine light and the other shadowed and as it were dark By the shining Hemisphear you may see that it is Day in all Places that are scituate under it for on them the Sun doth shine and that it is Night at the same time in those Places that are situate in the shadowed Hemisphear for on them the Sun doth not shine and therefore they remain in darkness 2. If in the middle of the enlightned Hemisphear you set a Spherick Gnomon Perpendicularly it will project no shadow but shews that the Sun is just in the Zenith of that Place that is directly over the heads of the Inhabitants of that Place and the point that the Spherick Gnomon stands on being removed to the Meridian shews the Declination of the Sun on the Meridian for that Day 3. If you draw a Meridian line from one Pole to the other in all Places under that line it is Noon in those Places scituate to the West it is Morning for with them the Sun is East and in those Places scituate to the East it is Evening for with them the Sun is West 4 Note the degree of the Equator where the enlightned Hemisphear is parted from the shadowed for the number of degrees of the Equator intercepted between that degree and the Meridian of any Place converted into Hours by accounting for every 15. degrees 1. Hour shews if the Sun be Eastwards of that Place how long it will be ere the Sun Rises Sets or comes to the Meridian of that Place or if the Sun be Westward of that Place how long it is since the Sun Rose or Set or was at the Meridian of that Place 5. The Inhabitants of all Places between the enlightned and shadowed Hemisphear behold the Sun in the Horizon Those Westwards of the Meridian Semi-Circle drawn through the middle of the enlightned Hemisphear behold the Sun Rising Those in the East see it Setting 6. So many degrees as the Sun reaches beyond either the North or South Pole so many degrees is the Declination of the Sun either Northwards or Southwards and in all those Places comprehended in a Circle described at the termination of the Sun-shine about that Pole it is alwaies Day till the Sun decrease in Declination for the Sun goes not below their Horizon as you may see by turning the Globe about upon its Axis and a the opposite Pole at the same distance the Sun-shine not reaching thither it will be alwaies Night till the Sun decrease in Declination because the Sun Rises not above their Horizon 7. If you let the Globe hang steddy you may see on the East side of the Globe in what Places it grows Night and on the West side the Globe how by little and little the Sun encroaches upon it and therefore there makes it Day 8. If you make of Paper or Parchment a narrow Girdle to begirt the Globe just in the Equinoctial and divide it into 24. equal parts to represent the 24. hours of Day and Night and mark it in order with I II III c. to XII and then begin again with I II III c. to the other XII you may by placing one of the XII s. upon
the difference of Right Ascensions contained between the first Day in each Moneth and the 21 of the same Moneth by substracting the lesser from the greater is for 258. 10. And for 352. 00. 280. 25. 9. 40. 22. 15 17. 40. But note because the Vernal Colure where the degrees of Right Ascension begin and end their account is intercepted is the Arch of the Suns motion from the first to the 21. of March therefore instead of substracting the lesser number of degrees of Right Ascension from the greater viz. 9. 40 from 35. 2. I do for finding the difference of the Right Ascensional arch of the Suns motion in those 20 Daies sustract the foresaid 352 degrees from 360 and the remains is 8. which is the difference of Right Ascension from ♓ 21 16. to the Equinoctial Colure to which 8 adding 9 degrees 40 minutes the Right Ascension from the Equinoctial Colure to ♈ 11. 3. it makes 17 degrees 40. minutes for the difference of Right Ascensions between ♓ 21 16. and ♈ 11. 3 Then I find the difference of this Difference of Right Ascension by substracting the less from the greater viz. 17. 40. from 22. 15. and the remains is 4. degrees 35. minutes for the number of degrees and minutes of the Equator that pass through the Meridian in the first 20 Daies in the Moneth of December more then in the first 20 Daies of the Moneth of March which 4. degrees 35. minutes converted into Time gives 19. minutes that is a quarter of an Hour and 4 minutes that the first 20 Daies of December aforesaid are longer then the first 20 Daies of March. PROB. LII How to find the Hour of the Night when the Moon shines on a Sun Dyal by help of the Globe REctifie the Globe and find by Prob. 54. or an Ephemeris the Moons place at Noon Bring it to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12. and turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour Circle points to the same Hour the shade of the Moon falls on on the Sun Dyal Then by Prob. 3. find the Suns place at Noon and see how many degrees of Right Ascension are contained between the Suns place and the degree of the Equator at the Meridian when the Index of the Hour Circle is brought to the Hour the Moon shines on in the Sun Dyal for those number of degrees converted into Time shall be the Time from Noon or the Hour of the Night Only note Respect must be had to the motion of the Moon from West to East for so swift is her mean motion that it is accounted to be above 12. degrees in 24. Hours that is 6 degrees in 12 Hours 3 degrees in 6 Hours c. and this also converted into Time as aforesaid you must add proportionably to the Time found from Noon and the sum shall give you the true Hour of the Night Example Here at London I desired to know the Hour of the Night January 6. this present Year 1658. The Moons place found by an Ephemeris or for want of an Ephemeris by Prob. 54. is in ♊ 21. degree 22 minutes Therefore I rectified the Globe to Londons Latitude and brought ♊ 21. 22. minutes to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12. then by Prob. 3. I found the Suns place in ♑ 26. degrees 46. minutes and by Prob. 26. I found his Right Ascension to be 300 degrees Then I turned about the Globe till the Index of the Hour Circle pointed at 10 Hours and at the degree of the Equator at the Meridian I made a prick then I counted the number of degrees of the Equater contained between the foresaid 300 deg and this prick and found them 111¼ degrees which converted into Time by allowing 15 degrees for an Hour gives 7 hours 25 minutes Time from Noon which if the Moons motion were not to be considered should be the immediate Hour of the Night But by the Rule aforesaid the Moons motion from West to East in 7 hours 25 minutes is 3 degrees 42 minutes and this 3 degrees 42 minutes being converted into Time is 14 minutes more which being added to 7 hours 25 minutes make 7 hours 39 minutes for the true Hour of the Night PROB. LIII To find the Dominical Letter the Prime Epact Easter Day and the rest of the Moveable Feasts for ever THough these Problemes cannot be performed by the Globe because of the several changes and irregular accounts that their Rules are framed upon yet because they are of frequent and Vulgar use and for that the solution of many other Questions will have dependency on the knowledge these Therefore I have thought fit here to inserte this Table of M r Palmers by which you may find them All. I shall not insist upon the Reasons of the several changes of Letters and Numbers Himself having already very learnedly handled that subject in his Book of the Catholick Planisphear Book 1. Chapter 11. to which I refer you Neither shall I need to give you any other Instructions for finding what is here proposed then what himself hath given in his fourth Book Chapter 66 and part of 67. Therefore take it as he there delivers it An Example shall serve here instead of a Rule For the Year 1657. I would know all these wherefore I seek the Year 1657. in the Table of the Suns Cycle and over against it I find 14. for the Year of the Cycle of the Sun and D for the Dominical Letter And note here that every Leap-year hath 2 Dominical Letters as 1660 hath A G and the first viz. A serveth that Year till February 25 and the second G for the rest of the Year And note that these Letters go alwayes backwards when you count forwards as B A then G F c. not F G and then A B as you may see by the Table To find the Age of the Moon Remember first that the Epact begins with March which must be here accounted the first Moneth Then if you add to the Epact the number of the Moneth current and the number of the day of the Moneth current the sum or the excess above 30 is the Moons age Example January 20. 1656. According to the accompt of the Church of England who begin the Year with March 25. which was the Equinoctial day about Christ time the Epact is 14. January is the 11 th Moneth and the 20 th day is proposed now add 14. 11. and 20. together they make 45. out of which I take 30. and there remains 15 the Moons age PROB. LIV. The Age of the Moon given to find her place in the Ecliptick according to her mean motion THis Probleme may be performed exact enough for Common uses by the Globe but in regard it only shews the Moons place in the Ecliptick according to her meat motion it will often fail you some few degrees of her true Place The work is thus First set figures
thereof mark it well first with your Compass observing diligently upon which Point thereof it lieth And secondly you must there take the heigth of the Sun or of the Pole-star as you were taught Prob. 13. of the second Book that you may know in what Point your Ship is and that point you must call the First Point which being so done your Ship may sail on her Course all that day till the day following without losing her Way and the next day mark the Land again and see upon what Point it lieth and then take your heigth and with it cast your Point of Traverse once again and that you may call your second Point Then take a pair of Compasses and placing one foot upon the First Point and the other upon the Rhumb towards which the Land did Bear when you Cast your First Point set also one foot of another pair of Compasses in the second Point and the other foot upon the Rhumb upon which the Land lay when you cast your second Point and these two Compasses thus opened you must move by their Rhumbs till those two feet of both Compasses do meet together which were moved from the foresaid two Points and where they do so meet together there may you say is the Land which you Discovered which Land you may point out with the In lets and Out-lets or Capes and other Signes which you saw thereupon And by the graduation you may see the Latitude thereof that thereby you may find it if a any time after you go to seek for it PROB. XVIII Seeing two known Points or Capes of Land as you sail 〈◊〉 long how to know the distance of your Ship from them PItch one foot of one pair of Compasses upon one of the two foresaid Capes and the other foot upon the Rhumâ— which in this Compass pointeth towards that Cape 〈◊〉 in like manner shall you do with another pair of Compasses placing one foot thereof upon the other known Cape 〈◊〉 the other foot upon the Rhumb which stretcheth towards 〈◊〉 said second Cape and moving the two Compasses so opened by these two Rhumbs off from the Land the very same Point where the two feet which came from the two Capes do meet you may affirm to be the very Point where your Ship is And then measuring by the degrees of the Equinoctial you may see what distance there is from the said Point to either of the foresaid Capes or to any other place which you think good for it is a very easie matter if you know the point where your Ship is PROB. XIX Of Tides and how by help of the Globe you may in general judge of them DIvide the Equinoctial into 30 equal parts as was directed in Prob. 54. of the last Book These 30. equal parts represent the 30. daies of the Moons Age. Then on the North and South point of the Compass in the outmost Verge of the Horizon Write with red Ink 12. From the North Eastward viz. at the Point North and by East Write 11 ¼ At the next point to that the same way viz. North North East Write 10 ½ At the next viz. North East and by North Write 9 ¾ And so forward to every point of the Compass rebating of the last hour ¾ till you come to 12. in the South where you must begin again to mark that Semi-Circle also in the same order you did the last In this Circle is then represented the Points of the Compass the Sun and Moon passeth by every Day and the Figures annexed represent the twice 12. hours of Day and Night Having thus prepared your Globe and Horizon you may by having the Moons Age and the point of the Compass on which the Moon maketh full Sea at any Place given find at what Hour of Day or Night it shall be high Tide in the same Place Thus It is a known Rule that a North and South Moon makes high water at Margarate Therefore Bring the first point of ♈ to the North or South point in the Horizon and Elevate the North Pole into the Zenith Then count in the Equinoctial the Daies of the Moons Age numbred in red figures and the Hour and minutes written in red figures annexed to the names of the Windes that stands against the Moons Age shall be the Hour of High Tide on that Day or Night at Margarate The End of the Third Book The Fourth BOOK Shewing the Practical Use of the GLOBES Applying them to the Solution of Astrological Problemes PRAEFACE THe Practise of Astrology is grounded upon a two-fold Doctrine The first for erecting a Figure of Heaven placing the Planets in it finding what Aspects they bear each other and in what Places they are constituted c. and this we call the Astronomical part of Astrology The second is how to judge of the events of things by the Figure erected and this is indeed the only Astrological part The first of these I shall briefly handle because what therein is proposed may be performed by the Globe both with speed ease delight and demonstration The second I shall not meddle with but refer you to the whole Volumnes already written upon that Subject PROB. I. To Erect a Figure of the 12 Houses of Heaven BEfore you erect a Figure of the 12 Houses of Heaven it will be requisite you place the Planets ☊ and ☋ according to their Longitude and Latitude upon the Globe as was directed in Prob. 55. of the second Book for then as you divide the Houses of your Figure by the Circle of Position you may by inspection behold in what Houses the Planets are scituated and also see what fixed Stars they are applying to or separating from But to the matter There is disagreement between the Ancient and Modern Astrologers about erecting a Figure of Heaven M r Palmer in his Book of Spherical Problemes Chap. 48. mentions four several waies and the Authors that used them whereof one of them is called the Rational way used by Râ—giomontanus and now generally practised by all the Astrologers of this Age. This way the face of Heaven is divided into twelve parts which are called the twelve Houses of Heaven numbered from the Ascendent or angle at East downwards with 1 2 3 c As in the following Figure In a Direct Sphear viz. under the Equator these twelve Houses are twelve equal parts but in an Oblique Sphear they are unequal parts and that more or less according to the quantity of the Sphears obliquity These twelve Houses are divided by 12. Semi-Circles of Position which are Semi-Circles passing from the two intersections of the Horizon and Meridian through any Star degree or point in the Heavens The degrees and minutes of the Ecliptick upon the Cusps of these four Houses that is upon the beginning of these Houses are found all at once only by bringing the Rising degree of the Ecliptick to the Horizon for the Horizon represents the Cusp of the Ascendent and then shall
denomination from the Planetary Day and the rest â—re named orderly from that Planet according to the succession of the Planetary Orbs As if it be Munday that is the Moons day as by Prob. 42 of the second â—ook the Planet reigning the first Hour shall beâ—â— the Planet ruling the second Hour shall be ♄ the third Planetary Hour shall be 〈◊〉 the fourth 〈◊〉 the fifth ☉ the sixth ♀ the seventh Thee begin again with 〈◊〉 for the eight Planetary 〈◊〉 for the ninth and so through the whole Day and Night till the Sun Rise again the next Day The length of this Planetary Hour is found by the Globe thus The Globe rectified Bring the Suns place to the East side the Horizon and make a prick at the degree of the Equator that comes to the Horizon with it Then remove the Suns place to the Meridian and count the number of degrees of the Equator comprehended between that prick and the degree now at the Horizon and divide that number of degrees and minutes by 6. because there is 6 Planetary Hâ—urs past since Noon and the Qâ—â—tient shall shew the number of dâ—gâ—â—â—s and minutes that pass through the Meridian in one Planetary Hour Example Jâ—ly 27. 1658. I would know the length of the Planetary 〈◊〉 here at Lonaon I Rectifie the Globe and bring the Sun place viz ♌ 〈◊〉 50. to the Eastern side the Horizon and find 115 degrees of the Equator come to the Horizon with it to this 115 degrees I make a prick Then I turn the Suns place to the Meridian and find 22â— degrees of the Equator at the Horizon Therefore I either count the number of degrees between the pricks and the degree of the Equator at the horizon or else subâ—â—râ—ct the 〈◊〉 from the greater but both waies I find 111 degâ—ees of the Equator to pass through the Meridian or the Horizon in six Planetary Hours Therefore dividing 111. by 6. I 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 degrees â—0 minutes of the Equator to pass through the Mâ—â—â—â—â—an in one Planetary Hour which 18. degrees 30 minutes reduced into Time yeelds 72. minutes by accounting for every 15. degrees one Hour for 1. degree 4. minutes and for half a degree 〈◊〉 minutes of Time and so proportionably so that the leâ—gâ—h of a Planetary Hour July 27 is 1 coâ—â—on Hour and â—4 minute here at London PROB. IV. The length of a Planetary Hour known to find what Planet Reigneth any green Hour of the Day or Night THe Globe Rectified as in the last Probleme Turn about the Globe till the Index of the Hour Circle points to the Hour of the Day in the Hour Circle Then count the number of degrees comprehended between the degree of the Equator at the Horizon and the prick in the Equator made as in the last Probleme and reduce that number of degrees into minutes of Time by reâ—koning 4. minutes of Time for every degree of the Equator Reduce also the number of degrees and minutes that pass through the Meridian in one Planetary Hour into minutes by allowing as aforesaid 4. minutes for every degree and then divide the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the second and the Quotient shall be the number of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 since Sun Rising Having the number of Planetary Hours since Sun Rising Râ—ckon the first Planetary Hâ—ur by the â—ame of that Planet that bears the denomination of the Day the second Planetary Hour by the Planet succeeding that in order â—he thâ—â—d by the next in order and so for all the rest 〈◊〉 you câ—me to the last Planet viz. 〈◊〉 and then begin again with 〈◊〉 and so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. 〈◊〉 you have 〈◊〉 so many Planets as there are Planetary Hours siâ—ce Mâ—â—â—â—ing and that Planet the number ends on shall be the Planet Reigning that Planetary Hour Example July 27. 1658. aforesaid I would know what Planet Rules at 5 a clock past Noon The length of the Planetary Hour this Day â—ound by â—he last Probleme is 1. hour 14. minutes Therefore the Globe Rectified I bring the Index of the Hour Circle to the Hour of the Day viz. 5 a clock in the Hour-Circle and then count the number of degrees between the Prick made as by the last Probleme and the degree of the Equator at the Horizoâ— and find them 187. which I reduce into minutes by allowiâ—g for every degree 4 minutes and that gives 748 minutes This 〈◊〉 minuâ—es I divide by the minutes contained in one Planetary Hour this Day viz. by 72. and find 10. hours 8. minutes which shews there are 10. Planetary Hours and 8. minutes past and gon since Sun Rising Therefore ♂ being the Planet after whose name the Day is called viz. Dia Martis ♂ is as aforesaid the Ruler of the first Planetary Hour From him I count the Planet succeding which is ☉ for the second Hour from ☉ I count the Planet succeding which is ♀ for the third Hour and so on to ♀ and ☽ and then I begin the Round again with ♄ ♃ ♂ and ☉ till I come again to ♀ which is the tenth Planetary Hour since Sun Rising and the minutes remaining being 8. shews that there is 8. minutes past since she began to Reign PROB. V. To find Part of Fortune by the Globe COunt the number of degrees and minutes contained between the Suns place and the Moons place begining at the Suns place and counting according to the succession of Signes till you come to the Moons place and having found that number of degrees and minutes add them to the number of degrees and minutes Ascending reckoned from the first point of ♈ If the sum exceed 360 east away 360 and the remainder shall be the number of degrees and minutes from the first point in 〈◊〉 in which Part of Forâ—â—ne falls But if it do not exceed 360 you have already the number of degrees and minutes from the first point of ♈ in which you must place Part of Fortune Example I would find the place of Part of Fortune for the time of ouâ— Figure I seek the two pricks representing ☉ and 〈◊〉 and find ☉ in ♌ 14. 9. and ☽ in â™ 19. 44. therefore counting from the Suns place to the Moons place according to the succession of Signes I find 95. degrees 35. minutes contained between them This 95. degrees 35. minutes I add to 267. degrees 47. minutes the degree and minute contained between the first point of ♈ and the Ascendent and they make together 363. degrees 22. minutes This exceeds 360. therefore I cast away 360. and the remains are 3 degrees 22. minutes for the place in the Ecliptick of Part of Fortune reckoned from the first point of ♈ Therefore this character â™ which represents Part of Fortune I set in its proper place of the Figure as I did the Planets PROB. VI. To find in what Circle of Position any Star or any degree of the Ecliptick is CIrcles of Position are numbred from the Horizon upwards upon the Quadrant of Altitude
placed at the East or West point of the Horizon Therefore when you would find what Circle of Position any Star or degree of the Ecliptick is in Rectifie the Globe and Quadrant of Altitude and bring the lower end of the Quadrant of Altitude to the East or West point of the Horizon and lift up the Circle of Position till it come to the Star or degree of the Ecliptick proposed and the number of degrees the Circle of Position then cuts in the Quadrant of Altitude is the number of the Circle of Position that the Star or degree of the Ecliptick is in If the Star or degree of the Ecliptick be under the Horizon turn the Globe about till 180 degrees of the Equator pass through the Meridian then will the Star or degree of the Ecliptick be above the Horizon Lift up then the Circle of Position as before to the Star or degree of the Ecliptick and the number of degrees of the Quadrant of Altitude the Circle of Position cuts on the East side is the number of Circles of Position the Star was under the Horizon on the West side Or so many degrees as the Circle of Position cuts on the Quadrant of Altitude in the West side the Horizon is the number of the Circles of Position the Star or degree of the Ecliptick was under the Horizon on the East side PROB. VII To find the Right Ascensions the Oblique Ascensions and the Declinations of the Planets EXamine the Right Ascensions and Declinations of those pricks made to represent each Planet in Prob. 1. of this Book and work by them as you were directed to work by the Sun in Prob. 26 27 28. of the second Book PROB. VIII How to Direct a Figure by the Globe TO Direct a Figure is to examine how many degrees of the Equinoctial are moved Eastwards or Westwards while any Planet or Star in one House comes to the Cusp or any other point of any other House When you would Direct any Promittor to any Hylegiacal point examine the degree of the Equator at the Meridian then turn about the Globe till the Promittor come to the Hylegiacal point and examine again the degree of the Equator at the Meridian and by substracting the lesser from the greater you will have the number of Degrees that passed through the Meridian whiles the place of the Promittor was brought to the Hyâ—â—gâ—â—cal point and that number of degrees shall be the Arch of Dâ—rection Example I would Direct the Body of the Moon in our Figure aforesaid to Medium Câ—â—â— or the tenth House I find by the Globe 20â— degrâ—es 30. minutes of the Equator at the Meridian with the â—eath House and turning the Globe till the prick made to represent the Moon come to the Meridian I find 227 degrees 20 minutes of the Equator come to the Meridian with it Therefore I 〈◊〉 the lesser from the greater viz. 2â—3 degrees 3 minutes from 227. degrees 2â— minutes and have remaining 2â— degrees 50 minutes This 〈◊〉 degrees 50. minutes shews that 23. Years 1â— Moneths must expire ere the Effects promised by the Moons present position shall opperate upon the signification of the 〈◊〉 House If the Body of the Moon had been Directed to any other point the◠〈◊〉 Meridian or Horizon you must have Elevated the Circle of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the point proposed and have under-propped it to that 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 have turned about the Globe till the prick 〈◊〉 the Moon had come to the Circle of Position and then 〈◊〉 degrees of the Equator that should have passed through the Meridian whiles this motion was making should be the number of degrees of Direction and signifie in Time as foresaid PROB. IX Of Revolutions and how they are found by the Globe BY Revolution is meant the Annual Conversion of the Sun to the same place he was in at the Radix of any Business When you would find a Revolution by the Globe first find the Right Ascension of Mâ—d Heaven at the â—â—adix of the Business as by Prob 26. of the second Book you were directed to find the Right Ascerâ—â—on of the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 add 87 degrees for every Yâ—aâ— since the Radix Then substract 360 so oâ—â— as you can from the whole and the Râ—mâ—â—â—s shall be the Right Ascension oâ— Mid Hâ—aven for the Aâ—â—â—al Revoluâ—â—on Iâ— yâ—u 〈◊〉 the number of degrees of the Equator contained between the Râ—ght Aâ—cension of the Mid Hâ—aven and the Right Ascension of the Sun and convert that number of degrees 〈◊〉 Time by allowing for every 15. degrees 1 Hour of Time it will shew if the Suns place be on the Western side of the Meridian the number of Hours and minutes Afternoon the Revolution shall hâ—ppen on but if on the East side the Meridian the number of Hours and minutes Before-noon the Revolution shall happen on PROB. X. How a Figure of Heaven may be erected by the Revolution thus found SEek the degree of Right Ascension of Mid Heaven and bring it to the Meridian so shall the four Cardinal points of the Globe be the same with the four Cardinal points in Heaven at the time of the Revolution The other Hâ—â—â—ses are 〈◊〉 by the Circle of Position as in the first Probleme of this Book The End of the Fourth Book The Fifth BOOK Shewing the Practical Use of the GLOBES Applying them tâ— the Solution of Gnomonical Problems PRAEFACE DYals are of two sorts Pendent and Fixed Pendeâ— are such as are hung by the hand and turned towards the Sun that by its Beams darting througâ— smal Pin-holes made for that purpose the hour of the Daâ— may be found These are of two sorts Vniversal and Pâ—â—ticular Vniversal Dyals are those commonly called Equiâ—ocâ—â—â— or Ring-Dyals They are used by Sea-men and Trâ—vellers that often shift Latitudes Particular are such as are made and only serve for Particular Latitudes Of these sorts are the several Dyaâ—â— discribed on Quadrants Cilinders c. Fixed Dyaâ—s shall be the matter of this discourse and they are such as are made upon fixed Planes and shew the Hour of the Day by a Stile or Gnomon made Parallel to the Axiâ— of the World Of the several Kinds of Dyal Plains and how you may know them A Plain in Dyalling is that flat whereon a Dyal is discribed There is some disagreement among Older and Later Authors in the naming of Plains for some name them according to the Great Circle in Heaven they ly in and others according to the scituation of the Poles of the Plains Thus they which name them according to the Great Circle in Heaven their Plains ly in call that an Horizontal Plain which others call a Vertical Plain those Vertical which others will call Horizontal and those Polar which others call Equinoctial However they be called it matters not so you can but distinguish their kinds which with a little consideration you may easily learn to do For remembring but upon what grounds either the
and prolong it to the farthest extent of the Plane From this Gnomon or Style I let fall a Perpendicular upon the Noon line as F G this Perpendicular is called the Substile and this Perpendicular and its Base which is the Noon line and Hypothenusa which is the Gnomon shall make a Triangle which being erected upon the Base so as the Substile may stand Perpendicular to the Plane the Hypothenusa A F shall be the Gnomon and be Parallel to the Axis of the World and cast a shadow upon the Hour of the Day PROB. IIII. To make an Erect Direct South Dyal DRaw on your Plane an Horizontal line as C A D as was shewed in the Preface in the middle of this line as at A discribe as on a Center the Semi-Circle C B D from the Center A let fall a Perpendicular which shall divide the Semi-Circle into two Quadrants each of which Quadrants you must divide into 90 degrees Then Rectifie the Globe Quadrant of Altitude Colure and Hour Index thus Elevate the Pole of the Globe to the Latitude of your Place and screw the Quadrant of Altitude to the Zenith Then bring the Vernal Colure to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour Circle to the Hour of 12. in the Hour Circle so shall your Globe Quadrant of Altitude Colure and Hour Index be Rectified Aâ—d â—â—us you must alwaies Rectifie them for the making of most sorts of Dyals by the Globe Then to make an Erect Direct South Dyal Bring the lower end of the Quadrant of Altitude to the West point of the Horizon And turn the Globe Westwards till the Index points to all the Hours Afternoon and examine in what numbers of degrees from the Zenith the Colare cuts the Quadrant of Altitude when the Index points to each Hour for a line drawn from the Center A through the same number of degrees reckoned from the Perpendicular A B which is the 12 a clock line towards D on the Plane shall be the same Hour lines the Index points at Thus in our Latitude viz. 51½ degrees the Vernal Coloure being brought to the Meridian and the Index to 12 If you turn the Globe Westwards till the Index points to 1 a clock or till 15 deg of the Equator pass through the Meridian the Colure will cut the Quadrant of Altitude in 9. 18 counted from the Zenith 2 19. 15 3 32. 5 4 48. 0 5 67. 4 6 90. And these are the distances of the Afternoon Hour lines which you must transfer to the East side of your Plane viz from B towards D and draw lines from the Center A through these distances and these lines shall be your Afternoon Hour lines Note once for all when the Colure goes off that Circle you examine the Hour distances in the Sun will shine no longer upon that Plane As in this example the Colure goes off the Quadrant of Altitude at 6 a clock therefore the Sun will not shine longer then till 6 a clock upon this Plane The Hour lines before Noon have the same distance from the Meridian that the Afternoon Hour lines have as was shewed in the last Probleme Only they must be drawn on the West side the Noon line and counted from B towards C. Otherwise You may reduce all Verticals into Horizontals if you Elevate the Pole of the Globe to the Complement of the Latitude of your Place and bring the Vernal Colure to the Meridian under the Horizon and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12 and turn the Globe Westwards for as the Index passes through every Hour on the Hour Circle the Colure shews in the Horizon the distance of the several Afternoon Hour lines from the Meridian or 12 a clock line in the Circle on your Plane numbred from B to D and lines drawn from the Center through these distances on your Plane shall be the Afternoon Hour lines of your Dyal Example Londons Latitude is 51½ degrees Its Complement to 90. is 38½ Therefore I Elevate the Pole 38½ degrees above the Horizon and bring the Vernal Colure to the Meridian under the Horizon and the Index of the Hour Circle to 12 on the Hour Circle Then Turning the Globe Westwards till the Index of the Hour Circle points to 1 a clock or till 15 deg of the Equator pass through the Meridian I find the Colure cut the Horizon in 9 18 from the Intersection of the Meridian and the Horizon as in the former Table 2 19 15 3 32 5 4 48 0 5 67 0 6 90 And these are the distances of the 6 Hour lines from the Merid. By this Example you may see that it is easie to reduce Verticals into Horizonâ—als and Horizontals into Verticals for this Erect Direct South Dyal is an Horizontal Dyal to those People that Inhabite 90 degrees from us viz. in the South Latitude of 38½ degrees Then make a Triangle whereof the Noon line shall be Base from it count the Complement of the Poles Elevation viz. 38½ degrees and through them draw the line A F from the Center A which shall be Hypotenusa Then â—et fall a Perpendicular upon the Noon line A B so is your Triangle made If this Triangle be erected Perpendicularly upon the Base or Noon line The Hypotenusa A F shall stand Parallel to the Axis of the World and cast a shadow upon the Hour of the Day PROB. V. To make an Erect Direct North Dyal IF the Erect Direct South Dyal were turned towards the North and the line C A D were turned downwards and the line marked with 7 be now marked with 5 and the line 8 with 4 the line 5 with 7 and the line 4 with 8 then have you of it a North Erect Direct Dyal All the other Hour lines in this Dyal are useless because the Sun in our Latitude shines on a North Face the longest Day only before 6 in the Morning and after 6 at Night PROB. VI. To make an Erect Direct East Dyal THese sorts of Dyals may better be demonstrated then made by the Globe unless the Axis of your Globe were accessible as in the Wyer-Globe specified in Prob. 1. Therefore when you would make an East or West Dyal or a Polar Dyal Provide a square Board as A B C D draw the straight line e f upon it Parallel to the sides A C and B D. and just in the middle between them Cross this straight line at Right Angles with another straight line as g h quite through the Board Upon this Board with a little Pitch or Wax fasten the Semi-Circle of Position so as both the Poles thereof may ly in the line g h and the middle of the Semi-Circle marked co may ly upon the line e f so shall i be the Center of the Semi-circle of Position In this Center make a smal hole through the Board fit to receive a Wyer or a Nail So may you with this Circle of Position thus fitted and the side C D applyed to a line of