three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n now_o these_o fix_v hour_n at_o four_o year_n end_n come_v to_o twenty_o four_o hour_n that_o make_v up_o a_o day_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o month_n of_o february_n and_o then_o that_o year_n be_v call_v leap-year_n which_o by_o the_o roman_n be_v name_v bissextilis_fw-la as_o to_o the_o month_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o reckon_v they_o some_o have_v thirty_o day_n some_o thirty_o one_o and_o february_n alone_o have_v but_o twenty_o eight_o except_o every_o leap_n or_o four_o year_n when_o it_o have_v twenty_o nine_o day_n which_o that_o you_o may_v find_v out_o ready_o at_o any_o time_n do_v but_o mind_v these_o follow_a verse_n thirty_o day_n have_v november_n april_n june_n and_o september_n of_o eight_o and_o twenty_o there_o be_v one_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v of_o thirty_o one_o phil._n but_o do_v the_o ancient_n hold_v the_o same_o year_n as_o we_o do_v sophr._n before_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n caesar_n they_o 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of_o antonius_n lilius_fw-la and_o other_o excellent_a mathematician_n correct_v the_o calendar_n make_v the_o year_n to_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n five_o hour_n forty_o nine_o minute_n twelve_o second_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n which_o then_o be_v on_o to_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o nicene_n council_n he_o command_v ten_o day_n in_o october_n to_o be_v leave_v out_o so_o as_o the_o four_o day_n of_o october_n be_v account_v for_o the_o fourteen_o day_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n fifteen_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o from_o which_o time_n this_o account_n be_v call_v the_o gregorian_a account_n and_o so_o come_v the_o distinction_n of_o old_a and_o new_a style_n the_o old_a according_a to_o the_o julian_n and_o the_o new_a according_a to_o the_o gregorian_a account_n phil._n thus_o the_o nation_n that_o hold_v the_o new_a style_n do_v reckon_v ten_o day_n before_o we_o and_o when_o it_o be_v with_o we_o for_o exemple_n the_o first_o day_n of_o may_n it_o be_v the_o eleven_o with_o they_o sophr._n right_n but_o as_o we_o differ_v in_o the_o style_n so_o we_o do_v from_o some_o nation_n as_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o '_o year_n and_o of_o day_n phil._n how_o so_o my_o sophronius_n sophr._n you_o know_v that_o in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n they_o begin_v the_o year_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n and_o so_o we_o do_v here_o in_o england_n in_o some_o respect_n therefore_o we_o call_v it_o new-years-day_n but_o upon_o a_o civil_a account_n and_o for_o our_o date_n of_o buy_v or_o sell_v etc._n etc._n we_o begin_v the_o year_n and_o so_o do_v the_o spaniard_n eight_o week_n after_o viz._n upon_o lady-day_n the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march_n so_o the_o jew_n after_o they_o get_v our_o of_o egypt_n begin_v their_o year_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o march_n to_o which_o answer_v in_o part_n their_o month_n nisan_fw-la whereas_o before_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o begin_v it_o in_o their_o month_n call_v tisri_n or_o ethanim_fw-la which_o comprehend_v part_n of_o our_o september_n and_o october_n now_o the_o venetian_n begin_v they_o the_o first_o of_o march_n and_o so_o do_v romulus_n the_o founder_n of_o rome_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o before_o julius_n caesar_n the_o month_n of_o july_n be_v call_v quintilis_n or_o the_o five_o month_n from_o march_n the_o moscovite_n who_o follow_v the_o greek_a church_n begin_v their_o year_n the_o first_o of_o september_n upon_o this_o ground_n for_o they_o believe_v the_o world_n begin_v in_o autumn_n and_o whereas_o we_o reckon_v our_o year_n from_o the_o come_v of_o christ_n into_o the_o world_n they_o reckon_v they_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o creation_n as_o for_o day_n you_o must_v know_v there_o be_v a_o natural_a and_o artificial_a day_n that_o contain_v day_n and_o night_n and_o consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n this_o beginning_n at_o sunrising_n and_o end_v at_o sunset_n the_o natural_a day_n be_v reckon_v in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n from_o one_o midnight_n to_o another_o reckon_v twice_o twelve_o hour_n that_o be_v from_o midnight_n to_o noon_n twelve_o hour_n and_o from_o noon_n to_o the_o midnight_n follow_v twelve_o hour_n more_o begin_v with_o one_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n but_o in_o italy_n as_o former_o in_o athens_n they_o reckon_v twenty_o four_o hour_n all_o along_o without_o come_v back_o to_o one_o as_o we_o do_v and_o that_o from_o sunset_n to_o sunset_n at_o nuremberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v their_o day_n as_o the_o ancient_a jew_n and_o chaldean_n from_o one_o sunrising_n to_o another_o beginning_n with_o one_o a_o clock_n and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o twenty_o four_o hour_n it_o be_v true_a the_o jew_n have_v beside_o their_o civil_a day_n a_o sacred_a day_n destine_v for_o holy_a exercise_n which_o begin_v at_o sunset_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o next_o sunset_n in_o moscovy_n they_o reckon_v their_o day_n from_o the_o sunrising_n till_o sunset_n and_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v down_o than_o they_o reckon_v the_o first_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n and_o so_o on_o till_o the_o sun_n appear_v again_o over_o their_o horizon_n finish_v the_o time_n of_o their_o night_n and_o begin_v with_o they_o a_o new_a day_n phil._n i_o have_v hear_v very_o often_o of_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n but_o can_v never_o understand_v clear_o what_o they_o be_v be_v please_v to_o give_v i_o as_o clear_v a_o account_n of_o they_o as_o you_o can_v sophr._n in_o order_n to_o that_o you_o must_v know_v there_o be_v yearly_a two_o equinox_n and_o two_o solstice_n a_o vernal_a and_o a_o autumnal_a equinox_n a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n solstice_n which_o begin_v the_o four_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n begin_v the_o spring_n the_o summer_n solstice_n the_o summer_n the_o autumnal_a equinox_n the_o autumn_n and_o the._n winter-solstice_n the_o winter_n and_o as_o in_o the_o equinox_n the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n so_o in_o the_o summer-solstice_n we_o have_v our_o long_a day_n and_o in_o the_o winter-solstice_n our_o short_a now_o the_o equiquinox_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o latin_a aequinoctium_n because_o then_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n and_o the_o solstice_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n solstitium_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o stop_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o that_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v stop_v except_o from_o come_v near_o we_o than_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o from_o go_v further_o from_o we_o than_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n but_o of_o this_o you_o shall_v hear_v more_o hereafter_o phil._n what_o shall_v we_o then_o proceed_v upon_o sophr._n next_o to_o the_o glorious_a brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o vastness_n of_o its_o body_n the_o prodigious_a distance_n thereof_o from_o we_o and_o its_o continual_a motion_n to_o or_o from_o we_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o influence_n of_o it_o by_o its_o heat_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n be_v the_o life_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n for_o as_o without_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n shall_v be_v bury_v in_o darkness_n so_o without_o the_o heat_n that_o arise_v from_o it_o no_o live_a creature_n can_v live_v neither_o be_v this_o heat_n inherent_a in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o it_o be_v wonderful_o produce_v as_o philosopher_n teach_v we_o by_o the_o reflection_n of_o its_o beam_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v warm_v foment_n and_o keep_v alive_a all_o vegetable_n phil._n but_o what_o be_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n
and_o five_o of_o the_o three_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o seven_o of_o the_o four_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o of_o the_o five_o and_o forty_o nine_o of_o the_o six_o to_o which_o if_o you_o add_v beside_o five_o cloudy_a and_o nine_o dark_a you_o will_v find_v the_o complete_a number_n aforesaid_a of_o one_o thousand_o twenty_o two_o those_o of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v each_o of_o they_o a_o hundred_o and_o seven_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n those_o of_o the_o second_o magnitude_n ninety_o time_n of_o the_o three_o seventy_o two_o time_n of_o the_o four_o fifty_o six_o of_o the_o five_o twenty_o six_o and_o of_o the_o six_o eighteen_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o fix_a star_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o seven_o planet_n who_o name_n follow_v here_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a height_n with_o their_o several_a figure_n as_o they_o be_v use_v by_o astrologer_n viz._n saturn_n ♄_o jupiter_n ♃_o mars_n ♂_o sol_fw-it ☽_o venus_n â™_o mercury_n ☿_o luna_n ☽_o phil._n how_o come_v they_o to_o be_v call_v planet_n sophr._n they_o be_v call_v planet_n that_o be_v wander_a star_n not_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o uncertain_a or_o irregular_a motion_n but_o because_o they_o have_v either_o in_o respect_n to_o themselves_o or_o the_o fix_a star_n a_o different_a motion_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o always_o at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o but_o the_o copernican_n deny_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v a_o planet_n and_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o fix_a star_n and_o whereas_o we_o say_v the_o sun_n turn_v about_o the_o earth_n they_o hold_v quite_o contrary_a that_o the_o earth_n turn_v about_o the_o sun_n i_o suppose_v you_o have_v hear_v of_o this_o opinion_n by_o the_o by_o and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v true_a enough_o but_o we_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o shall_v i_o now_o tell_v you_o the_o several_a but_o prodigious_a distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o we_o you_o will_v be_v amaze_v at_o it_o but_o thus_o we_o have_v it_o from_o approve_a astronomer_n saturn_n be_v fourteen_o million_o of_o league_n distant_a from_o we_o jupiter_n eight_o million_o of_o league_n mars_n twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o sol_n or_o the_o sun_n eleven_o hundred_o thousand_o venus_n a_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o seven_o thousand_o mercury_n sixty_o four_o thousand_o and_o luna_n or_o the_o moon_n betwixt_o thirty_o and_o forty_o thousand_o league_n and_o yet_o the_o planet_n be_v near_o than_o any_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n phil._n this_o be_v pass_v any_o man_n belief_n but_o a_o astronomer_n but_o if_o it_o be_v so_o sure_o these_o celestial_a body_n must_v be_v of_o a_o vast_a magnitude_n to_o be_v see_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n sophr._n the_o sun_n which_o be_v count_v by_o much_o the_o large_a of_o all_o the_o planet_n be_v by_o some_o report_v to_o be_v two_o hundred_o time_n at_o least_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o the_o most_o moderate_a a_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o six_o time_n then_o they_o make_v jupiter_n ninety_o five_o time_n at_o least_o big_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o saturn_n ninety_o time_n mars_n they_o reckon_v to_o be_v one_o three_o part_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n venus_n lesser_a by_o thirty_o seven_o time_n the_o moon_n by_o thirty_o nine_o time_n but_o they_o make_v mercury_n much_o lesser_a phil._n pray_v what_o planet_n be_v that_o you_o call_v venus_n sophr._n the_o same_o which_o be_v more_o common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o morningstar_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o of_o evening-star_n in_o the_o evening_n phil._n but_o how_o come_v it_o sophronius_n that_o whilst_o the_o sun_n appear_v above_o our_o horizon_n none_o of_o the_o other_o planet_n and_o indeed_o no_o star_n be_v see_v sophr._n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o a_o great_a light_n drown_v a_o lesser_a and_o the_o sun_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o source_n of_o light_n must_v needs_o have_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o it_o than_o any_o of_o the_o star_n phil._n be_v you_o then_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o star_n have_v no_o light_n of_o their_o own_o sophr._n i_o do_v not_o say_v so_o but_o it_o be_v credible_o think_v they_o borrow_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o god_n have_v place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o planet_n that_o those_o above_o and_o beneath_o it_o may_v equal_o partake_v of_o its_o splendour_n phil._n so_o much_o for_o that_o sophronius_n i_o desire_v now_o to_o understand_v their_o motion_n sophr._n to_o clear_v this_o point_n you_o must_v know_v that_o those_o philosopher_n who_o hold_v the_o sun_n move_v about_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v the_o vulgar_a opinion_n suppose_v two_o several_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n in_o general_n the_o one_o natural_a or_o proper_a from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o the_o other_o violent_a from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o they_o attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o last_o motion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v to_o the_o great_a orb_n call_v primum_fw-la mobile_n which_o turn_v from_o east_n to_o west_n round_o the_o world_n with_o a_o equal_a rapidity_n within_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o with_o it_o hurry_v away_o all_o the_o lesser_a orbs._n which_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o sun_n particular_o whereas_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n from_o west_n to_o east_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o planet_n that_o cold_a saturn_n do_v not_o finish_v its_o course_n but_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n bright_a jupiter_n finish_v he_o in_o about_o twelve_o year_n fiery_a mars_n within_o little_a less_o than_o two_o year_n the_o sun_n in_o one_o year_n fair_a venus_n in_o one_o year_n and_o a_o half_a mercury_n in_o something_o less_o than_o half_a a_o year_n the_o moon_n in_o twenty_o seven_o day_n and_o about_o eight_o hour_n phil._n i_o do_v not_o understand_v these_o contrary_a motion_n it_o be_v apparent_a as_o you_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n move_v daily_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o so_o go_v round_o about_o the_o world_n but_o how_o can_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n move_v by_o a_o proper_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o a_o quite_o contrary_a way_n that_o be_v from_o west_n to_o east_n how_o can_v any_o thing_n go_v backward_o and_o forward_o at_o the_o same_o time_n this_o be_v pass_v my_o understanding_n sophr._n do_v but_o suppose_v a_o small_a fly_n upon_o a_o globe_n to_o run_v through_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n which_o show_v the_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n phil._n what_o then_o sophronius_n sophr._n then_o turn_v the_o globe_n never_o so_o much_o about_o from_o east_n to_o west_n still_o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o fly_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n get_v forward_o in_o her_o course_n from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o if_o you_o do_v so_o turn_v the_o globe_n about_o that_o as_o often_o as_o it_o turn_v quite_o round_o the_o fly_n may_v advance_v one_o degree_n in_o her_o course_n westward_o you_o will_v find_v that_o by_o turn_v the_o globe_n three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o time_n the_o fly_n shall_v be_v go_v as_o many_o degree_n in_o a_o quite_o contrary_a way_n such_o be_v the_o yearly_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o west_n to_o east_n according_a to_o which_o it_o go_v about_o one_o degree_n every_o day_n and_o in_o a_o year_n time_n run_v over_o the_o twelve_o sign_n or_o constellation_n call_v the_o house_n of_o the_o sun_n phil._n you_o have_v explain_v it_o to_o i_o with_o as_o much_o clearness_n as_o may_v be_v sophr._n now_o from_o this_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v come_v the_o distinction_n and_o distribution_n of_o time_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o motion_n and_o to_o proceed_v à _fw-fr minori_fw-la ad_fw-la majus_fw-la there_o be_v first_o a_o minute_n next_o a_o hour_n than_o day_n week_n month_n season_n year_n threescore_o minute_n go_v to_o a_o hour_n twenty_o four_o hour_n to_o a_o natural_a day_n seven_o day_n to_o one_o week_n four_o week_n to_o a_o month_n according_a to_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o odd_a day_n more_o to_o a_o month_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o twelve_o of_o these_o month_n make_v the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n three_o month_n to_o each_o season_n and_o so_o the_o year_n do_v consist_v of_o twelve_o month_n fifty_o two_o week_n or_o of_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o about_o six_o hour_n except_o it_o be_v a_o leap-year_n and_o then_o there_o be_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o day_n phil._n pray_v what_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o additional_a day_n sophr._n you_o must_v know_v that_o according_a to_o the_o old_a julian_n account_v the_o year_n consist_v of_o
and_o asia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n and_o in_o the_o southern_a a_o small_a part_n of_o africa_n and_o almost_o one_o half_a of_o the_o southern_a america_n beside_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v of_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la phil._n now_o for_o the_o frigid_a zone_n sophr._n these_o be_v also_o one_o northern_a the_o other_o southern_a and_o they_o both_o lie_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o northern_a betwixt_o the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o arctic_a pole_n and_o the_o southern_a betwixt_o the_o antarctick_a circle_n and_o the_o antarctick_a pole_n so_o that_o each_o of_o they_o contain_v 23._o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o come_v to_o 470._o geometrical_a league_n or_o 1340._o mile_n and_o they_o be_v call_v frigid_a or_o over-cold_a because_o be_v extreme_o remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o the_o zodiac_n they_o partake_v but_o a_o little_a of_o its_o heat_n and_o have_v its_o beam_n but_o 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