Selected quad for the lemma: day_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
day_n	hour_n	long_a	raise_v	3,938	5	10.8112	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

integrating part of the Earth 2. Or of some one Region and so it is properly called Chorography 3. Or of some particular place in a Region or Country which is Topography According to the greater integrating parts thereof the Ancients divided the whole Earth into three great parts viz. Europe Asia and Africa to which is now added a fourth viz. America these are again divided into Provinces Countries Kingdoms c. And each of these are again subdivided into Earldoms Baronies Lordships c. These three kind or parts make up the perfect Subject of Geography Again every part and place of the Earth is considered in its self or according to its Adjuncts and so it is either Continent or Island A Continent is a great quantity of Land in which many great Kingdoms and Countries are conjoyned together and not separated one from another by any Sea as Europe Asia c. An Island is a part of the Earth compassed and environed round about with Water as Great Britain and Ireland These again are observable parts both of Continents and Islands viz. Peninsula Isthmus Promontorium Peninsula quasi pene Insula is a part of Land which being almost environed and encompassed round with Water is yet joyned to the firm Land by some little Isthmus as Africa is joyned to Asia or Morea to Greece An Isthmus is a narrow neck of Land betwixt two Seas joyning the Peninsula to the Continent as that of Darien in America or Corinth in Greece A Promontory is a high Hill or Mountain lying out as an elbow of Land into the Sea the utmost end of which is called a Cape as the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Verde The Adjuncts of a place are either such as respect the Earth it self or the Heavens Those that agree to a place in respect of the Earth are three in number viz. the Magnitude or Extent of a Country the Bounds or Limits the Quality The Magnitude comprehends the length and breadth of a place The Bounds of a Country is a Line terminating it round about distinguishing it from the bordering Lands or Waters The Quality of a place is the Natural Temper and Disposition thereof A Place in regard of the Heavens is either East West North or South Those places are properly East which lie in the Eastern Hemisphere terminated by the first Meridian or where the Sun riseth Those are West which lye Westerly of the said Meridian or towards the setting of the Sun. Those places are properly North which lie betwixt the Equator and Artick-Pole Those South which are betwixt the Equator and the Antartick Pole. The Ancients did also distinguish the Inhabitants of the Earth from the diversity of shadows of Bodies into three sorts viz. Periscii Heteroscii and Amphiscii the Inhabitants of the Frigid Zone if any such are were termed Periscii because the shadow of Bodies have there a Circular motion in 24 hours the Sun neither rising nor setting but in a greater portion of time The Inhabitants of the Temperate Zones they called Heteroscii because the Meridian shadows bend towards either Pole towards the North among those that dwell within the Tropick of Cancer and the Artick Circle towards the South amongst those that dwell within the Tropick of Capricorn and the Antartick Circle The Inhabitants of the Torrid Zone they called Amphiscii because the Noon or Mid-day shadow according to the time of Year doth sometimes fall towards the North sometimes towards the South when the Sun is in the Northern Signs it falleth towards the South and towards the North when in the Southern Signs And because of the different site of opposite Habitations the Ancients have divided the Inhabitants of the Earth into Periaeci Antaeci and Antipodes The Periaeci are such as live under the same parallel being equally distant from the Equator but in opposite points of the same parallel The Antaeci are such as have the same Meridian and parallel equally distant from the Equator but the one North and the other South The Antipodes are such as Inhabit two places of the Earth which are Diametrically opposite one to the other The Ancients did also divide the Earth into Climates and Parallels A Climate is a space of Earth comprehended betwixt any two places whose longest day differ in quantity half an hour A Parallel is a space of Earth wherein the days increase in length a quarter of an hour so that every Climate contains two Parallels These Climates and Parallels are not of equal quantity for the first is longer than the second and the second likewise greater than the third c. At the Latitude where the longest days are increased half an hour longer than at the Equator viz. longer than 12 hours The first Climate begins which is at the Latitude of 8 degrees 34 minutes and in the Latitude of 16 degrees 43 minutes where the days are increased an hour longer than at the Equator The second Climate begins and so onwards But because the Ancients and also Ptolomy supposed that part of the Earth which lies under the Equator to be inhabitable therefore they placed the first Climate at the Latitude of 12 degrees 43 minutes where the longest day is 12 hours ¾ long and the second Climate to begin at the Latitude of 20 degrees 34 minutes where the longest day is 13 hours and ¼ long c. 'T is needless indeed to take any more notice of them than thus much only that they that describe the Situation of places by Climes and Parallels had as good say nothing The Terraqueous Globe is but an Imaginary point compared to the vast expansion of the Universe though of it self of great Magnitude for Geographers divide it into 360 parts or degrees and each degree into 60 minutes which are so many Italian Miles so that the Circumference thereof is 21600 miles and the Diameter or Axis is 6875 miles and its Superficies in square miles is Reckoned to amount to 148510584 of the same measure 'T is a common Opinion that 5 of our English feet make a Geometrical pace 1000 of these paces make an Italian mile and 60 of these miles in any great Circle upon the Spherical surface of the Earth or Sea make a degree so that a degree of the Heavens contains upon the surface of the Earth according to this account 60 Italian miles 20 French or Dutch Leagues 15 German miles 17 ½ Spanish Leagues But according to several Experiments made the quantity of a degree is thus variously found to be By Albazard the Arabian 73 by Fernilius 68 by Withrordus 70 by Gassendus 73 by Picard 73 Italian miles and by Norwood 69 ½ English miles which is much as the same of 73 Italian miles and is the nearest measure yet found by these Experiments to answer to a degree of the Heavens so that the circumference of the Earth then is 26280 miles the Diameter 8365 and 184 parts Or supposing 1000 paces or 5000 English Feet to a mile then 73

Provinces or Estates viz. Campania Romania Sabina Provincia Patrimonii St. Petri Vmbria Marchia Anconitana Ducatus Castrensis Territoria Orivetanum Perusium Civitatis Castelli Ducatus Vrbini Romandiola Bononiensis Ager Ducatus Ferrariensis 2. The King of Spain Rex Hispania to whom belongs Regnum Neapolitanum Sicilia Sardinia Ducatus Mediolanensis Marchionatus Finarii in Liguria with others upon the Coast of Tuscany viz. Orbetellum tratus adjacens called by the Inhabitants Stato delli presidii Principatus Plumbini Ilua insula Isle de Elbe 3. The Venetians or Republica Veneta under whose Dominion are Istria Foro Julium Marchia Tarvisina Ducatus Venetus Vulgo le Dogado Territoria Patavinum Rhodighinum Vicentinum Veronense Brixianum Bergomense Cremense 4. Duke of Savoy Ducatus Sabaudiae to whom belongs Principatus Pedemontium and part of Ducatus Montis-Ferrati Comitatus Nicaea 5. The great Duke of Tuscany Magnus dux Heturiae egente Medicea under whom is the greater part of Heturia viz. Florentina Pisana Senensis Petiliano now Potegliano and Apua now Ponte Moli As also the Islands Gorgona Igilium now il Giglio Gianutum Mons Christi c. and Argous Portus now Porto Ferraio or P. Ferraro in Ilua Insula now I le Elbe in Mari Tyrrheno 6. The Genoans or Res Publica Genuensis upon the Coast of Mare Ligusticum to whom belongs also Corsica Capraria Insula 7. Dux Mantanus e gente Gonzaga under whom is Ducatus Mantanus and the greater part of Ducatus Montis Ferrari 8. Dux Mutinensis e gente Estensi under whom is Ducatus Mutinensis Rhegiensis Principatus Carpensis Corregiensis and great part of Carferonianae or Carfagnana 9. Dux Permensis e gente Farnesia who enjoyeth Ducatus Permensis Placentinus Ditio Bussetana and great part of Principatus Vallis Tarri 10. Lucca or Res Publica Lucensis in Heturia 11. Dux Massae e gente Cibo containing Ducatus Massae Principatus Carrariae in Heturia 12. Dux Mirandulanus e gente Pica containing Ducatus Mirandulae Comitatus Concordiae 13. Dux Guastallae e gente Gonzaga 14. Dux Sabulonetae under the Dominion of Spain 15. Princeps Castillonis e gente Gonzaga 16. Princeps Sulphurini e gente Gonzaga 17. Princeps Monoeci e gente Grimalda under the Protection of France 18. Princeps Masserina e gente Ferraria Flisca Marchionatus Crepacorii 19. Princeps Plumbini e gente Ludovisia containing Principatus Plumbini Ilua Insula now Elbe Isle under the Dominion of Spain 20. Comes Novellariae e gente Gonzaga 21. Res Publica S. Marini Marchio Fosdinovi e gente Malas pinae in Valle Magrae The Emperor of Germany has Aquilea and the Country of Goritz as also Tergeste Pedana Pisino in Istria The King of France hath Pignarol with its Dependencies Episcopus Tridentinus is under the Dominion of the Count of Tirol Lastly The Swisses have four Italian Prefectures viz. Lugan Locarn Mendrisia and Madia which before the year 1512. did belong to the Dutchy of Milan Luganum upon the Lake Lucanus Paulin. Lago de Lugano Ital. Luwertzzee Helvet Chiavenna Ital. Clevenna Ant. Claven 10 Italian Miles from the Lake Como The Larius Strab. Plin. the Comacenus of Ant. P. Diac. Lacus Insubriae aliis Lago di Como Italis Cumersee Germa Bormio Ital. Worms Germ. Sondrio are the chief Places in the Valtolina valis Tatina Volturena Provincia The Lake of Geneva is crossed by the Rhosen and yet they never mix their Waters together And there are Tempests upon it even in fair Weather because it lies at the foot of the Hills The Natives report that Julius Caesar threw his Treasure into this Lake when he was pursued by the Switzers but hitherto they have sought for it in vain The Waters of all the Lakes and Rivers in this Country are observed to be of a greenish Colour as the Sea-water and yet are not Brackish or Salt. Italy is situated in the middle Temperate Zone in shape of a Leg between the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Venice The Alps which F. Livi calls the Walls of Italy and Rome guard it towards those parts where it borders upon France Savoy Switzerland and Germany The Apennine cuts through all the length of it Po Adige Tiber and Arno are the biggest Rivers The Italians are Polite Ingenious Subtil and very prudent in Conversation pleasant in Carriage obliging extreme in their Customs temperate in their Diet faithful to their Friends but these Dispositions are much sullied by four Vices Revenge Lust Jealousy and Swearing The Women for the most part are handsom of good Wit and modest Behaviour Saints in the Church Angels in the Streets Magpies at the Door Syrens in the Windows and Goats in the Gardens Their Cities are therefore the fairer and better Built because the Nobility and Gentry usually have their Habitations in them Their Language is Courtly and Eloquent much of the Latin but the. Tuscan Dialect as being more polished is received at the Court of Rome and among Persons of Quality The Italians count not their Hours as we do from 12 to 12. beginning at Mid-day and Mid-night but begin their account from Sun-setting reckoning from 1 to 24 Hours for a Day And therefore necessitated to alter and new-set their Clocks every Day the setting of the Sun being a moveable Point or Term. In Italy are a vast number of Religious Houses where young Women of Quality who for want of sufficient Fortunes or Personal Endowments cannot get Husbands suitable to their Birth or Quality their Parents for a small matter dispose of and settle them there for their lives There are also Hospitals for the Entertainment of poor Travellers who have their Diet and Lodging for three days Gratis besides a piece of Money when they go away There are also Hospitals to take care of all exposed Children that are brought and put in at a Grate on purpose for at the ringing of a Bell an Officer comes and receives the Child and carries it to a Nurse and there it is maintained till it be grown up The Nobility and Gentry of Italy chuse rather to spend their Revenues in building fair Palaces and adorning them with Pictures and Statues in making Orchards Gardens Walks than in keeping Great Houses and plentiful Tables And certainly 't is better Charity to employ poor people and give them Money for work than to give them Money freely and suffer them to live in Idleness One Phoenomenon observed at Rome by Mr. Ray was that in sharp Frosty weather in the middle of Winter the water in the Fountains was so hot that he thought it had been heated over the fire Italy is divided into three great parts 1. The Higher part which is Lombardy Longobardia containing the greatest part of Gallia Cisalpina in which lies the Dutchy of Savoy the Principality of Piedmont the Dutchy of Montferrat the Commonwealth of Genoua Riviera di Genoua the Dutchy of Milan Stato di Milano of Parma

then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justi●ers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him fr●udulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syph●x before he seized the Estate of M●ssi●issa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. M●rza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares an● 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous

2. Cyrene once of such Power that it contended with Carthage about their Territories The Birth-place of Eratosthenes Callimachus and Symon of Cyreen who carried our Saviours Cross Now called Carvanna Corene Villano and Cairoan Baud. 3. Berenice on the great Syrtes now Bernicho 4. Herculis Turris erected in honour of Hercules for killing the Dragon and robbing the Orchards of the Hesperides of their golden Apples this Orchard being placed here by Ptolomy by Pomponius in the Atlantick Islands by Virgil and Pliny in Mauritania 5. Alberton of old Paraetonium the Sea-port to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon seated in the midst of a vast sandy Desert as they tell us encircled with a delightful and pleasant Grove watered with wholesome Springs refreshed with a temperate Air shaded with Fruit-bearing Trees whose Leaves were always green This Country is now the thirteenth Calsiliff or Government under the Turkish Bashaw in Egypt called Bonhera or Barca the Southern part whereof is called the Desert of Barca famous for the Temple beforementioned for its Oracle for the Fountain of the Sun for the destruction of Cambyses Army and for the visit of Alexander Rivers I find few but one of same enough for all the rest by Ptolomy called Lathon by Pliny Lethon by the Poets Lethe and feigned to come from Hell and to cause forgetfulness in those that drink it Now Milel teste Marmol Of EGYPT AEGYPT by R. Morden EGypt is bounded on the North with the Mediterranean Sea on the East with the Red-Sea and the Isthmus between the Red-Sea and the Mediterranean on the South with Ethiopia and Nubia on the West with the Lybian Mountains or Deserts of Barca This flourishing Kingdom possest by Mizraim changed her antient Name and became Egypt at such time as Aegyptus or Ramasis the son of Belus having expelled his Brother Dan●us or Armeus into that part of Greece now called Morea by whom the Argives were made Danai which happen'd 877. years after the Flood in the time of Joshua as St. Augustine conjectureth out of Eusebius This Country by the Jews was called Misraim the Caldeans Misrai the Assyrians Misri the Arabians Mesra the Moors Missir and Babara by the Antient Inhabitants Chemia and Hamia by the Romans Augustanica by Berosus Oceania by Xenophon Ogygia by Herodotus Potamia by Lucian Melambolos alias Milampodus by Homer Hefestia by others Nilea Aeria an Osiria by the Modern Turks El-kebit It is the only Region of Africa that borders upon Asia and though the Air be bad it is the best peopl'd in the World. Nor was it less peopl'd formerly if it be true that in the Reign of Amasis one of their Kings it contain'd above twenty thousand Cities The extraordinary quantities of Corn which it yielded caus'd the Antients to call it the publick Granary of the World. And the plenty or scarcity of the whole Roman Empire was still according to the Harvest of Egypt Nile by the Inundation of his Stream which is full of Nitre gives the Ground this fertility The Plants grow in such abundance that they would choke one another did they not strow the Fields with Sand. The Western part of Nile is more fruitful than the Eastern Besides Corn this Country affords Rice Sugar Dates Senna Cassia Balsom Hides Flax and Linen They know little who say that it rains not there For the ordinary time of Rains and Winds begins in the Month of December or Kijahak and continues till January and February at the Eve of Pentecost in the year 1672. there was Rain at Ros tte and on the 24 of November the Rains fell at Cairo teste F. Vansleb So that it is a great Error to say it never Rains in Egypt besides there are often wet Mists and in all seasons of the year when the Nights are serene there is much Dew that falls but when the Nights are cloudy there is no Dew To this day also Egypt shews us Pyramids Obelisques Labyrinths and other Works of the Antient Kings raised at an incredible expence to testifie their Puissance and to employ their people The Statue of Memnon was there formerly most remarkable as also the Pharos near Alexandria In the Lake Meris is said to be seen the place where the Labyrinth stood wherein they say There were above thirty three hundred Rooms Mommies which are frequent in this Country are nothing but the Bodies of dead Men embalmed and buried in Vaults carefully provided for that purpose where they keep entire two or three thousand years About five Miles from Cairo as one Stephen Dublies reports being an eye witness there is a place in which on every Good-friday there appears a great many Heads and Legs of Men rising out of Ground By late Relations 't is said to be only a Trick of the Water-men to get Money The Palm-trees may be reckoned among the Rarities of Egypt they grow in couples Male and Female and do not fructifie but by coiture the Fruit it bears is known by the name of Dates in taste much like Figs and all its parts are of several uses as the Pith for a Sallet the Husk of the Cod for Cordage the Leaves for Fans Feathers c. Egypt at the beginning had Native Kings who governed their Subjects with a free and unlimited Authority and till the Government of Psammenitus Son of Amasis who rul'd in the year of the World 3454 were all called by one general Sirname or Title of Pharaoh being a Name of Dignity as with us the Name of Emperor or King. But tho' Egypt hath been always of old governed by Kings yet the Royal Seats have been changed The first Royal Seat we read of was Tanis where was Pharaoh's Court and where God performed great Wonders Thebes also was the Royal Seat. Then Memphis which was the Seat of the Kings of the Race of Coptus till Nebuchadonozer sacked it Alexandria where the Greek Kings resided for nine hundred years till the Arabians took Egypt and made Fostat near old Cairo the Metropolis After Giauher had built Cairo about the year of the Hegira 362 he made that the Royal Seat which continues to this time The Egyptians were antiently Heathens almost every City had a God to adore Abusir or the old Busiris worshipped a Calf Alexandria the antient Racotis adored a Serapis of Stone Achmin the old Panos acknowledged Apollo Bana worshipped a Dog Bassa or the old Bubastis had for a God a Lion of Stone Eida adored a Serapis Ischemunein or the antient Hermepolis worshipped a Man of Stone Isvan called by the Copties S●van reverenced the Tree Lebaca Cous worshipped the Moon and Stars Mindadi the Fig tree of Pharaoh Memphis a Calf Atrib or the old Atribis adored a Calf of Stone Semenant which is the antient Sebennis worshipped a Calf of Br●ss Sa a Hog of Stone Tuba had respect for the Water according to an old Manuscript in Arabick Cambyses the Son of Darius in the year of the World 3454 was the first that made

Their ordinary Employment is to take Tobacco and drink Coffee To sleep and lie in an idle place or sit talking together Generally ignorant in all manner of Sciences In the present State of Egypt the Author F. Vanslebius tells us concerning the Crocodile which is the most remarkable and most curious Animal belonging to Nilus That though Pliny affirms it to be commonly above eighteen Cubits in length many Hunters of Crocodiles have assured him that it never grows above a Cubit in length in a year and when it comes to twelve years old it grows no more That its Eggs are as big as the Eggs of Ostriches and are sometimes thirty never a hundred and as soon as out of its Body it carries them to some Island of Nilus and puts them in a Hole and covers them with Sand and so leaves them till by natural Instinct it knows that the Young are formed It goes then and opens the Hole and breaks the Shell for the Young to creep out Of all the Creatures that live upon the Earth this alone is without a Tongue and this alone moves the upper Jaw in eating Concerning the Ichneumon called by the Arabians Nims by the Italians Sorca di faraone by the French Rat d' Aegypte it is very true that it creeps into the Mouth of the Crocodile enters into its Belly which it gnaws to the very Entrails the like happens to the Camels and wild Beeves and other Animals when they sleep in the Fields That which Pliny speaks concerning the Dolphins is not likely for there are none in the River But it may be the Tirse which is the only Fish that assaults the Crocodile That which Pliny saith of the Trochilos requires a farther inquiry for one may ask an hundred years in Egypt what this Bird is and yet get no acount of it Beitar saith there is a certain Bird as little as a Teitavy enters between his Jaws and eats up Slime and Worms if any and when the Crocodile feels that all is clean he shuts his Mouth to eat the Bird also but nature hath provided an expedient to secure it for it hath two sharp pricks on the top of the Birds head which when the Crocodile feels he opens his Jaws again for the Bird to escape out But the Moors in Egypt knew not any Bird that had any prick on the head they told the Author That there is in Egypt the Saksak a Bird that always kept the Crocodile company and which lives upon the Filth and Meat that sticks about the Crocodiles Teeth So that whether the Saksak of the Moors or the Bird mentioned by Beitar be the Trochilos of Pliny I leave it to the Reader to judge That the Crocodile will live a long time without Meat as Pliny affirms is a truth for the Author had two which lived a Month without eating And the Moors say they will live forty days without nourishment They have in all seventy two great Teeth very sharp thirty six in the upper and as many in the lower Jaw It s four Paws are furnished with great sharp Claws the two fore-feet have five distinct separated the one from the other the two hinder feet have but four which are all joyned together by a thin Skin as are the Feet of Sea-fowl as Geese or Ducks The Arabian Authors say That it casts out its Excrements by its Throat because it hath no hole under its Tail and that its Stones have the smell of Musk but of this the Author had no experience of when the Male covers the Female she lyeth upon her back and because she cannot well turn her self again the Male turns her when he hath performed Amongst the rare Trees of Egypt he names the Doum or the Gum-Tree in which are two things remarkable 1. That its Leaves burst forth only at the ends of its Branches and in the thick bunches 2. That they are so equal and even at the end of the Branches that one would think they were cut with Cissars Amongst the Plants he mentions one called Gesalaht that grows as big as a Tree As to the rare Birds he hath seen heads of Ostriches in the Deserts that lead to the Monastery of St. Anthony what he relates of their hatching their Eggs with their Eyes is very strange and that the Sciamta is so strong that it can carry a Man up into the Air. That there is such a prodigious number of Pigeons that they are sold at the rate of about two hundred and forty couple for four shillings and six pence Concerning the Pyramids he tells us That he guesses by the place that there have been formerly an hundred Pyramids great and small that they are all built on a Rock for the greatest is nothing but a Rock cut as a Pyramid and covered over with a Wall of Stone so that 't is probable that the Stones have been taken from the place and not brought from far as some imagine That the greatest hath but two hundred and six steps and that on the top of it was antiently a Statue or Colossus And on the top of the Sphinx stands the head of a Woman of an extraordinary bigness and height That the Caves of Egypt are strange Curiosities digged in the main Rocks the Walls of many of them are full of Hieroglyphical Figures carved in the Rock the Colours of them being extreme fresh and beautiful after so many Ages since 'T is said that the Kings of Egypt employed the Israelites in digging of them At Sacara a Village four hours travelling from the Pyramids are pits where Mummies are buried That at the Church of Gemaine on a certain day they yearly observe the Apparitions of some Saints which F. Vanslebius tells us are only from the Reflections of Objects that pass by the Church at some convenient distance That the Lodgings of the Seventy Interpreters are yet standing with the Closets where they performed the Work in Alexandria The Salt-pits and Cisterns near Alexandria are remarkable for that the Water of Nilus the sweetest and freshest in the World makes a Salt not only whiter than ordinary but very excellent having the taste of Violets This quality proceeds from the Nitrous Earth for if a piece of it be laid in the Sun it will become white as Snow on that side that is towards the Sun. These Lakes of Salt-peter or Niter yield every year three thousand and six hundred Quintals so that every Quintal sold for twenty five Meidins this Revenue comes to thirty six Purses or eighteen thousand French Crowns yearly The Grand Signior hath yearly carried out of Egypt to Constantinople in Spanish Coin and Zequins of Venice one thousand two hundred Purses each Purse containing five hundred Crown which makes one hundred and fifty thousand pound The Talismantick Science is much used in Egypt And our Author tells us He hath procured all the rare Manuscripts of the antientest and best Arabian Authors concerning it and that he hopes one day to

Tuns of Plate and sixteen Bowls of Coyned Money so that they were forced to heave some over board Tumbes was the first Place the Spaniards setled in these parts after Panama Of GVYANA THis Country has by sundry Europeans been called the Savage Coast the Country of the Amazons El Dorado and Guyana But this last name which is Indian has put down all the rest Afterwards the continued resolutions of the French to settle themselves there together with the situation of the Country has occasioned it to be called by them Equinoctial France Orenoque bounds it to the West Amazonia to the Fast the North Sea to the North and the high Mountains to the South All which limits give it a Figure that is somewhat oval Orenoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh who in 1595 discovered it constrains the neighbouring Inhabitants by reason of its overflowing to lodge in the Trees The other Rivers of Guyana are Ess●qu●be Brebice Coret ne Boron Maruvine Surinam the entrance whereof is as large as the Sein at Horfleur Mawari Sinamari Caurora near to which great plenty of Tortoises breed Cayenna that makes an Island of the same Name Cauwo at the Mouth whereof lie great Mountains where they say there is a Mine of a Lapis Lazuli Aperwaque which is thought runs to the Lake Parime but it hath so many falls that its course is hardly known Via-poco Poumaron c. At the lower part of these Rivers and all along the Coast which is generally low and extends above two hundred and fifty Leagues in length several English French and Dutch Colonies have setled themselves Who having made the Indians sensible that they are not able to master their Lands alone dispute among themselves the possession of other Nations Rights The Country between Viapoco and the North Cape is not much coveted by the Europeans because it is very boggy The Country about the Lake Parima in the middle of Guyana acknowledge by report a Successor of Guainacapa of the House of Inca's of Peru and compose the true Kingdom of the Golden King. The remaining part towards the North is possessed by divers People which cannot of themselves make a Body of two hundred and fifty Men. They are all Idolaters and obey the antient Chiefs of their Families Some Relations affirm that there are Amazons in those parts or rather large-sided Women that wage War with much Skill and Valor insomuch that the Natives of the Isle of Arowen at the Mouth of Amazona have acquired that Name by reason of their long Hair The same Relations aver that there are some Nations where the Men exchange their Wives and where the Men always choose the most elderly as being more industrious and better experienced in Huswifry than the young ones The People of Guyana live long by reason of the good Air which they breath Their Country lies in the middle of the Torrid Zone but the Eastern Winds are very constant The Days and Nights are equal the later being very cool the dews falling in great abundance The Mountains are high and the Forests very thick so that it is never excessive hot nor excessive cold The Soil is very proper for the Tillage of Manioc others for the planting of Cotton others for Sugar and Tobacco others that yield Gums Wood Stones of divers sorts Parrots and Monkeys Besides that Hunting and Fishing are equally profitable and delightful Manoa near the Lake Parima the principal City of Guyana is call'd El Dorado by reason of the quantity of Gold which they say is there so great that the Inhabitants make their Weapons thereof and cloath their Bodies with it after they have rubb'd themselves with Oyl or Balsom So that this City may be accounted the richest in the World if there be such a one The Island of Cayenne the principal Colony of the French in those quarters is about sixteen or seventeen Leagues in compass five whereof shoot into the Sea the rest lie between the Arms of a River of the same name It encloses several high Hills which are manurable to the very tops and some Meadows for the fatting of Cattle St. Thomas is remarkable for the unhappy enterprise of that worthy Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh by whom Cumana was fired in his first return from Guyana And at St. Josephs a small City in the Isle Trinidado Sir W. Raleigh took the Spanish Governor Antonio Berio from whom he got the best account of those Parts and its Trade Of Castella Del Oro. GOlden Castile so called from the plenty of Gold the Castillians found there called also Terra Firma because one of the first parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touched at divided likewise into several Parts or Governments viz Panama Carthagena Sancta Martha Rio dela Hacha Venezucla Paria or New Andalousia Popajan and Granada The Government of Panama which particularly takes the name of Terra Firma is between the North and South Seas placed in the Isthmus which joyns the two parts of America together The Country is either low or miry or mountainous or barren its Air is very unhealthful subject to great Heats and Fogs It s chief Places are Panama seated on the Southern Sea-shore the Residence of the Governor a Bishops See and a Town through which the riches of Spain and Peru pass every year In December 1670 it was taken by the English and kept twenty eight days Panama is the Place whither they bring the Gold and Silver of Peru which they afterwards carry to Porto Belo a place of great strength fortified with two Castles which lies about sixteen or eighteen Leagues off upon the North Sea and raised upon the Ruins of Nombre de Dios which was forsaken for the badness of the Air and lying too open to the Invasions of the English This carriage is performed by great Rams called Vieuves which are the only Mules of the Country At Porto Belo they lade this Gold and Silver in the Ships that carry it to Spain In the way from Panama to Porto Belo you may if you please take the convenience of the River Chagra which comes within five Leagues of Panama and then you may go all the way by Water In the year 1668 the English plundred Porto Belo and got considerable sums of the Spaniards before they would surrender it again Cartagena affords soveraign Balsom little inferiour to that of Egypt Rosin and several sorts of Gums long Pepper Dragons-blood Emeraulds c. Formerly the Inhabitants had particular places whither they carried their Dead with their Gold their Chains and their costly Ornaments But the Spaniards to get this Wealth into their hands made those Relicks see the Sun again The City standing in a Peninsula had its name from the resemblance of its Port with that of Cartagena in Europe It is one of the best Cities in America for it contains above four thousand Spaniards about four thousand Negro's and is the usual Randevouz of the Fleets that are bound from

to transport themselves thither As to the right which the twenty four Proprietors have to this Country it is derived from the Title of the late Sir George Carteret by conveyance from the Earl of Bath and other Trustees joyning with the Lady Carteret and is since granted and confirmed in the year ●●82 to them their Heirs and Assigns for ever by his present Majesty King James the Second under his Hand and Seal with all the Royalties Powers and Governments thereof The late King Charles the Second was also pleased to approve of the said Grant and Confirmation by publication under his Royal Signet and Sign Manual dated 23d of November 1683. therein and thereby commanding all Planters and Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience to the said Proprietors their Deputies Agents c 1686. In this Province are some Noblemen and several Gentlemen of the Scotch Nation interested as well as those of England some of which are gone themselves and Families and are setled there and many hundred others are sent from thence who have made good Farms and Plantations there and sundry persons are concerned in Shares under several of the Proprietors some have half some a quarter others an eighth or tenth Share c. and these have Tracts of Land laid out to them by the Surveyor General according to the proportions of their respective Interest upon their sending over Families and Servants to settle there The Traders in the Towns being furnished with such Goods and Merchandize from England as are proper for those Parts where the ●lanters and Farmers may be supplied with all such necessaries They having good Stocks of Corn and Cattle not only for Commutation at home but for Exportation abroad to other places that want The Town of Newark alone in one year made ready a thousand Barrels of good Cyder out of the Orchards of their own Planting And the Town of Woodbridge above five hundred Barrels of Pork this Province affording Corn and Cattle and other product to ship off to the Caribbe Islands c. to supply those Neighbours who have not that plenty In this Province of East Jarsey is this further encouragement there is such good Provision made for Liberty of Conscience and Property in Estate by the Fundamental Constitutions or great Charter on behalf of all the Inhabitants as Men and Christians that very many from other parts of America as well as from Europe have chosen to go thither to live where they do not only quietly and freely enjoy their Estates but also an uninterrupted freedom in the Exercise of their Religion according to their particular Persuasions Such as desire to Transport Themselves and Families or be otherways concern'd in this Colony may be directed at the Sign of the Star in George Yard in Lombard-street where and when to meet with some of the Proprietors who will give them further Information A New Map of NEW ENGLAND and NEW YORK By Robt. Morden NEw England is a vast Tract of Land happily Situated reaching from forty to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude in the middle of the Temperate Zone and parallel to some part of Italy in the Eastern Hemispere The Country for many Miles it not Mountainous yet intermixt with pleasant Collines Plains and Meadows For Rivers it hath in its largest extent Delaware River navigable one hundred and thirty Miles Hudsons River Navigable above one hundred Miles Connecticut River Navigable above fifty Miles Marimeck River Pascataway and many others conveniently Navigable and for less Rivers and Brooks you can hardly travel a few Miles without passing one The Soil is fruitful and yields Wheat Rye Pease Beans Barley Oats Indian Corn Flax Hemp and all sorts of English Herbs and excellent Simples proper for the Country For Food it hath Beef Pork Mutton plentiful besides Goats Deer c. For Fish Fowl and good Cyder it excels with good Cellarage to preserve all which is not common in Virginia The South side of their Houses are in many places begirt with Hives of Bees which increase very much For Fruit it hath Apples Pears Plums Quinces Cherries Apricoks Peaches in standing Trees and many sorts of wild Blew Black and White Grapes and their wild white Muscadine Grape makes a pleasant Wine For Timber it hath several sorts of Oak and their white Swamp Oak whereof they have great quantities is esteemed near as tough as any in Europe besides Walnut Ash Pine Cedar c. For Trade they have all sorts of Provisions for the Belly as of Flesh Fish and all Grain as Corn Pease c. And Masts for Ships Deal-boards Iron Tar Bever Moose-skins Furs and some hundred Vessels and Ships of their own and Merchants who disperse their commodities to the West Indies and from thence to England The Country is capable of many other Commodities as Wine Salt Brandy c. When labor grows more cheap by the farther increase of their own Children or purchase of Negros They have many Towns supplied with good Ministers and have two Colleges at Cambridge they train their Youth when past sixteen year old and so make them bold and resolute As to their Government they had fourteen Magistrates and were not to exceed eighteen Assistants by their Patent whereof one is annually chosen Governor and another Deputy-Governor by the People who are jealous of the infringment of their Priviledges For Religion they are Protestants much as Perkins they pray for the King and the English Nation and for the Protestant Religion throughout the World. As to the Weather the old Planters say that fifty years since when the Country was not so much opened by the felling of the Woods they had much more heat in Summer and more cold in Winter then they had since and that they find the Winters still lessen as the Country is more opened Their Winter begins in December and commonly ends in February The North West Winds blow very keen and sometimes hold forty eight hours After that with the change of the Wind they have moderate Weather So they reckon to have ten or twelve cold days in a Winter which days are colder than in the same Climate in Europe Their Summer is hotter and that heat more certain and yet more tolerable than this of England being moderated and allayed with often Breezes and is very peculiar and agreeable to the Bodies of those of our Nation the Air being most generally serene sweet and exceeding healthy And if any Fogs arise the North West and West Winds do quickly disperse them and the Country sends forth such a fragant smell that it may be perceived ere we make Land. The Metropolis of New England is Boston commodiously seated for Traffick on the Sea-shore a very large and spacious Town or indeed City composed of several well-ordered Streets and adorned with fair and beautiful Houses well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen it is also a place of good strength having several Fortifications